Passive Green Building Case Studies by 0337953

PROJECT 1 CASE STUDY ON

CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES (PITTSBURGH, USA)

PROJECT TITLLE:

PASSIVE GREEN BUILDING CASE STUDIES

TUTORIAL GROUP:

GROUP 15

TUTOR:

ZAHARI BIN ZUBIR

SUZLON ONE EARTH (PUNE, INDIA)

LAU CHUNG YEN SARRAH RENE NAWAZ TEH MU JIE VARSHA JOSEPH YAP EON SHENG

FACULTY OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY | SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN | GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN| PROJECT 1

0335984 0337219 0339396 0341533 0337953

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CONTENTS CONTENTS

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CONTENTS

1.INTRODUCTION 1.1 CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE 1.2 SUZLON ONE EARTH 1.3 COMPARISON

6.STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING 1 6.1 CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE 2 6.2 SUZLON ONE EARTH 3 6.3 COMPARISON

2.SITE PLANNING 2.1 CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE 2.2 SUZLON ONE EARTH 2.3 COMPARISON

7.RENEWABLE ENERGY 4-5 7.1 CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE 6-7 7.2 SUZLON ONE EARTH 8 7.3 COMPARISON

8.CONCLUSION 3.DAYLIGHTING 3.1 CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE 9-10 3.2 SUZLON ONE EARTH 11-12 3.3 COMPARISON 13 4.FACADE DESIGN 4.1 CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE 4.2 SUZLON ONE EARTH 4.3 COMPARISONS

9.REFRENCES 14 15 16

5.NATURAL VENTILATION 5.1 CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE 17-18 5.2 SUZLON ONE EARTH 18-19 5.3 COMPARISONS 20

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INTRODUCTION 1.1 CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE

CLIMATICCONFIGURATION ANAYSIS BUILDING

Site location: Pittsburgh, Pa, USA Site area: 24,350 square foot Function: Environmental education, research & administrative

The climate of Pittsburgh is continental, with very cold, snowy winters and warm to hot summers

Center for Sustainable Landscapes (CSL) is part of a non-profit, public garden. It aims to blur the line between natural and built environments and demonstrate the beauty of living in harmony with nature. The design team constructed a fully-integrated landscape and building. Programs emphasize sustainable practices like urban gardening, and outdoor learning spaces connect children to nature, fostering future environmental stewardship

The average temperature of the coldest month (January) is of -2 °C, that of the warmest month (July) is of 22.6 °C.

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PRECIPITATION(MM)

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regulations. Due diligence was performed with all appropriate agencies

The CSL are supplied by captured rainwater, while potable water is drawn from municipal sources per the temporary exception due to local health

WATER

TEMPERATURE (C)

ENERGY maximize natural daylight, supplemented by occupancy sensors and daylight dimming controls. Daylight autonomy in most space is approximately 80%, total projected energy savings to 90.1-2004 baseline is 77%

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A closed-loop, full nutrient cycling management plan aims to realize a zero-waste site; all biomass is recycled in-situ and customized compost tea mixes are applied to support the various site habitats and maintain biodiversity on the project site over time.

WASTE

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THE BUILDING

INTRODUCTION 1.2 SUZLON ONE EARTH

CLIMATIC ANAYSIS

Site location: Pune, Maharashtra, India Site area: 45,392 sqm Built up area: 70,865 sqm Type of building: Office building

TEMPERATURE (C)

FOCUS ON CONSERVING METHODS FROM DESIGN TO OPERATIONS

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FOCUS ON RENEWABLE RESOURCES FROM CONSTRUCTION TO OPERATIONS AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE NEEDS AT SOURCE

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ENERGY

Average temperature s ranging between 20 and 28 °C.

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Goals

PRECIPITATION (MM) 80

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MATERIALS

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FOCUS ON USE OF ENVIROMENT FRIENDLY AND CERTIFIED MATERIAL THROUGH EFFICIENT SOURCING

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FOCUS ON WASTE MINIMIZATION FROM SOURCE AND RESPONSIBLE DISPOSAL METHODS

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Suzlon Energy Limited, a worldleading wind energy company based in Pune India, together with the architect, pledged to create the greenest office in India. Benninger calls the Tanti Family true patrons of architecture comparable to the Sarabhais, the Guggenheims and the Rockefellers. Living the motto of the company, ‘powering a greener tomorrow’, the architect relied exclusively on non-toxic and recycled materials

Pune has a tropical wet and dry (type Aw) climate, with the characteristics of a hot semi-arid climate (type BSh) climate.

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LEED SCORE RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%) 200 150 100 50

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Rating; platinum ; 57 points sustainable sites; 10/13 water efficiency: 6/6 energy and atmosphere: 14/17 materials and resources: 7/13 indoor environmental air quality: 1515 innovation and design process: 5/5 out of possible 69 points

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THE BUILDING

INTRODUCTION

TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY

RELATIVE HUMIDITY COMPARISON

TEMPERATURE COMPARISON 400

300

CLS

suzlon one earth

CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES

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in mm

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1.3 COMPARISONS

CLS

suzlon one earth

SUZLON ONE EARTH

The climate of Pittsburgh is humid continental, with very cold, snowy winters and warm to hot summers

Pune has a tropical wet and dry (type Aw) climate, with the characteristics of a hot semi-arid climate (type BSh) climate.

The area has four distinct seasons: winters(November to early March) are cold and snowy, springs(mid-March to May) and falls(September to mid-November) are mild with moderate levels of sunshine, and summers(June to August) are warm.

Pune experiences three seasons: summer, monsoon, and winter. Typical summer months are from mid-March to mid-June, with maximum temperatures sometimes reaching 42 °C (108 °F). Even during the hottest months, the nights are usually cool due to Pune's high altitude.

SITE PLANNING 1.1 CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE

Located at Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens, One Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States built on brownfield site previously developed by the City of Pittsburgh’s Department of Public Works.The CSL is 24,350 square feet with southern orientation. It is located within walking Pittsburgh, USA distance of the neighborhood of Oakland, connecting it to a network of major educational, medical and cultural institutions. A significant portion of the CSL is now part of the overall Phipps guest experience.The CSL site affords exclusive parking spots for low emitting and fuel efficient vehicles, car pool vehicles, and electric vehicle parking and charging. Phipps is presently FO exploring programming to ND RS USTAINABLE LA incentivize occupants to increase their use of alternate modes of transportation. CEN

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LOCATION AND ORIENTATION

Orientation: Building orientation maximises northern and southern exposure for effective daylighting and passive solar controls. SUNSET SUNRISE NOON

SITE CONTEXT Located in an urban context, near the heart of the city of Pittsburgh. It is surrounded by a park, university and and museum. It is connected 2 main roads (Schenley drive and Boulevard of Allies)built into the north facing slope of the Phipps campus and bordered by an inaccessible steep hillside to the south. The site is served by the city’s public transit system, and a University shuttle. Charter buses and school buses are accommodated by a pickup/drop off stop and waiting-area parking.

PREVIOUS LAND USE

The site was a brownfield that suffered decades of environmental devastation during its use as a city fueling depot. The design team created completely new landscape comprised of indigenous plants.

SPATIAL EXPERIENCE The CSL has a contemporary design and can be described as having linear motifs. Long horizontal floor levels draw one's eyes across rather than upward; a stark contrast to the neighboring Victorian architecture. While large bands of horizontal glass create a transparency that ties the CSL back to its older neighbors.

SITE PLANNING

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1.1 CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE

BUILDING CONFIGURATION

ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS

3 2 4

1 17 13 9

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

MACRO SITE PLAN

ELEVATIONS

SITE PLAN LEGEND

1. Production greenhouses 2. Tropical forest conservation 3. Special events hall 4. Outdoor classroom 5. Boardwalk 6. Lagoon

7.S.E.E.D Classroom 8.Botany hall 9.Pervious asphalt 10.Service area 11.Green roof 12.Rain garden

13.Wetland filter 14.Wastewater treatment wetlands 15.Solar PV panels 16.Proposed exhibit staging center 17.Proposed yoga terrace 18.Proposed lagoon extension

SOLAR ACCESS 1ST FLOOR PLAN

ELEVATIONS

ROOF PLAN

SECTIONS

SITE PLANNING 1.2 SUZLON ONE EARTH

SITE CONTEXT

The 45,393 sq. m. site had the advantage of being located within an already developed area, flanked by corporate offices and residential areas. It was important to the One Earth team to ensure that the site was located in an urban area with existing infrastructure, where they could also protect the existing biodiversity and preserve the habitat and natural resources. The chosen site was located within an existing minimum residential development density of 10 units per acre. It also had easy access to basic Pune, India services such as a bank, place of worship, convenience grocery, day care, cleaners, fire station, medical/dental clinic, pharmacy, E EA RTH etc SUZ

SITE TYPE

MUNDHWAROAD

Located in an urban context, with sprawling buildings nearby the site. It is sandwiched by main roads and secondary road

MALWADI ROAD

PREVIOUS LAND USE

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LOCATION AND ORIENTATION

Orientation: Facades of the building face north, south, north-west and south-east, with the longer axis facing north-south to make maximum use of indirect sunlight SUNRISE

NOON

SUNSET

As is required for Greenfield sites, site disturbance including earthwork and clearing of vegetation, was limited to 40 feet beyond the building perimeter. The development footprint were minimal to minimize site disruption.

SPATIAL EXPERIENCE The projecting eaves and sunken water garden with its 40-metre tall central obelisk reference local architectural tradition.

SITE PLANNING

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1.2 SUZLON ONE EARTH

ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS

BUILDING CONFIGURATION

1 8

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

2ND FLOOR PLAN

SITE PLAN LEGEND

1. Sun Lounge 2. Sky lounge 3. Tree(wind) Lounge 4. Aqua Lounge

1ST FLOOR PLAN

5.Waterfall/Cafeteria 6.Sky cylinder 7.Suzlon Excellence Acadamy 8.Welcome lounge

3RD FLOOR PLAN

SOLAR ACCESS

SOLAR ACCESS ELEVATIONS

SECTIONS

EXPLODED AXONOMETRIX

9.Electrical service yard

SITE PLANNING

Pittsburgh, USA

ORIENTATION

MASSING

Orientation: Building orientation maximises northern and southern exposure for effective daylighting and passive solar controls. SUNRISE

NOON

SUNSET

Building from arranged in way to absorb solar radiation for passive solar controls

CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES

LOCATION AND ORIENTATION

CEN

ND RS USTAINABLE LA

SUZLON ONE EARTH

LOCATION AND ORIENTATION

MASSING

ORIENTATION ORIENTATION Orientation: Facades of the building face north, south, north-west and south-east, with the longer axis facing north-south to make maximum use of indirect sunlight Pune, India

SUNRISE

SUZ

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1.3 COMPARISONS

EE ARTH

NOON

SUNSET

Longer and thinner building form to improve ventilation within the building and blocks are arranged in a way that they shade each other the east and west solar radiation

DAYLIGHTING

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3.1 CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE

SOLAR ANALYSIS SUN PATH DIAGRAM

GLOBAL HORIZONTAL SOLAR IRRADIENCE Pittsburgh, USA

Light shelves reduce energy costs while bringing daylight deep into the building's interior and reducing cooling loads. Reduce the need for artificial lighting and so reduce energy consumption

SLOPED CEILINGS Where light shelves are used, sloped interior ceilings help to reflect light evenly to the rest of the space

44.25 kwh/ m2/day

LIGHT SHELVES light shelves are the horizontal surface arranged at the upper part of the window Reflects the natural daylight. The light shelves are located in the south wing, where walls are facing the sun To be able to reflect light up to the ceiling, the upper surface of light shelves are matte white or diffusely specular, it does not need to be shiny or reflective. Ideally, the ceiling should also be a light color

SHADING DEVICES SLOPED CEILING

LIGHT SHELVES

DAYLIGHTING

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3.1 CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE

LOW E WINDOWS Low-e (low-emissivity) double-pane operable windows provide state-of-the-art solar and thermal control and energy efficiency, while admitting maximum daylight.

OPERABLE BLINDS Operable blinds are used to improve energy efficiency through daylight control by reducing glare. It also provides privacy and enhance comfort .

INTERIOR FINISHES Interior finish color schemes uses its reflective property to light up interiors reflective colors such as white or other lighter colors help to reflect light and distribute evenly.

INTERIOR DAYLIGHT CEILING CLOUDS Structures that transmit light forming all or part of the roof space of a building for the purpose of daylighting CEILING CLOUDS

OPERABLE BLINDS WHITE PAINTING

SPATIAL EXPERIENCE The light shelves improve daylight quality and hence improves occupant comfort and productivity and leaves a positive psychological effect.The interior color finishes are of lighter tones that allows users to experience openness and vastness due to its light reflective property.Lighter and cooler colors make the space appear larger. Darker colors make them appear more closed and smaller to the eye. The arrangement of colors or textures in an environment changes the perspective.

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DAYLIGHTING

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3.2 SUZLON ONE EARTH

DAYLIGHTING FACTOR

SOLAR ANALYSIS SUN PATH

GLOBAL HORIZONTAL SOLAR IRRADIENCE

HIGH PERFORMANCE GLAZING

75% of the work stations are day-lit with a DF factor more than 2.5 % and has external views inorder to improve productivity and have positive psycological effect on employees. operable windows and clerestory windows allow daylight to lighten all spaces

Pune, India

5.5-6 kwh/m2/day

OFFICE SPACE

All the buildings are designed to harvest maximum day light through glass & louvers with almost 90% of the users not requiring switching on lights during daytime .

AREAS WITH DAYLIGHT FACOTR GREATER THAN 2.5

BUILDING LAYOUT SHOWING AREAS RECIEVING DIRECT SUNLIGHT ( REPRESENTED IN ORANGE

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DAYLIGHTING

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3.2 SUZLON ONE EARTH

GLASS CYLINDERS AND SKY COURT The glass cylinders located in the different wings allow penetration of daylight inside the building without thermal heat gain.They are internal gardens for area nut, palm and other foliage.

CONFIGULATION OF GLASS CYLINDERS AND SKY COURT

GLASS CYLINDER

LIGHTING SYSTEM (HYBRID STRATEGY) At Suzlon One Earth Pune campus, the interior lighting system incorporates dimmable ballasts, electronic ballasts, occupancy sensors, motion sensors, and daylight sensors. These ensure that lights get switched on only when required. The general lighting level from the ceiling luminaires is fixed at 350 lux. The task lights in offices have a built-in occupancy sensor in conjunction with a continuous dimmer. Combined daylight and occupancy sensors control lighting of individual offices. Enhanced energy savings is also achieved due to an LED-based outdoor lighting system, which results in approximately 65% savings (in wattage) when compared with a conventional scheme. All the outdoor lights are controlled through the integrated building management system (BMS)

LOUVRES

BIPV

The columns and beams leave a square cut out enclosed by horizontal louvres(as the most of curtain walls face north-south) that keep out direct sunlight but still let in filtered light.

LOUVRE FOR THERMAL CONTROL

The solar panels integrated into the roof allow light into the atrium with a jali like effect

BIPV

SHADOWS FORMED BY BIPV ON POOL

SPATIAL EXPERIENCE In the Wind Lounge there is a very traditional Indian Chowk, with kund-like steps leading into a water pool shaded by photovoltaic panels allowing filtered light in, as if through an ancient jaali. Glass cylinders with tropical plants act as visual connectors between all floors and allow aeration of the basement parking area

SHADOWS FORMED BY BIPV ON POOL

DAYLIGHTING

CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES

OPERABLE BLINDS

LIGHTSHELVES

CLS makes more use of operable blinds which are present interior to the facade as opposed to louvres like in suzlon which are present exterioir to the facade. Using operable blinds can keep prevent glare but still lets in heat as after the solar radiation passes the facades glazing, heat cant be controlled through internal blinds.

Light shelves are used to make maximum use of sunlight and help it penetrate into the buildings. It is accompanied by sloped ceiling with matt light colour in the interioir.

DAILY SUNSHINE HOURS COMPARISON

BLINDS FOR DAYLIGHT CONTROL

LIGHT SHELFS AND SLOPED CEILING 5

LOUVRES AND BLINDS

CLS

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SUZLON ONE EARTH

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3.3 COMPARISONS

suzlon one earth

Suzlon one earth uses a combination of louvres on the exterior part of the facade and operable blinds inside the office spaces for thermal and daylight control. LOUVRE FOR THERMAL CONTROL

BLINDS FOR DAYLIGHT CONTROL

OFFICE SPACE DEPICTING BLINDS AND LOUVRES

LOUVRES FROM EXTERIOR

FACADE DESIGN

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4.1 CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE

ENVELOPE

FACADE DETAILS

Located in humid continental climate, the CSL's orientation maximizes southern sun exposure, louvers, and overhangs(on façade) contribute to 80% daylight autonomy while minimizing summer cooling loads and contributing to heating in winter. The building is concrete and steel construction with a wood façade and metal frame windows. High performance wall and roof insulation reduce winter heat losses and summer heat gains. Low-e double-pane operable windows provide solar and thermal control and energy efficiency, while admitting maximum daylight.

The CSL exterior wall assembly has an R-value of 12 1. Reclaimed Barn wood 2. Wood battons 3. Air space 4. 2''Rigid Board Insulation 5. Weather Barrier 6. 5/8'' Glass-Mat Gypsum Sheathing 7. 8''Metal Stud Framing 8. 8''Fiberglass INsulation 9. 5/8'' Gypsm Wall board Windows / Glazing 1. Metal Frame 2. Double Panel high Performance (Low-E) Glass 3. Insulated Glazing glass

TIMBER, CONCRETE AND GLASS

A vegetated roof reduces heat island effect and impervious surfaces, while providing an excellent thermal barrier between conditioned and non‐ conditioned spaces.

LOW -E WINDOWS

High performance insulation and low-e windows help keep heat inside during the winter and outside during the summer. 2 types of exterior glazing are used, all of which are Sealed Clear Insulating Glass Units (IGU) with multiple Low-E suspended films. Significant variations include; thicknesses of 1-1/2”, 1-1/4”, and R-Value of 10.87, 7.69 respectively.

CREATIVITY

INTERIOR OF OFFICE SPACES

BRISE SOLEIL

Horizontal Brise Soleil are present on the south facade which provide shade from summer sun

Roofing Thermoplastic Polyolefin (TPO) roofing covered by a green roof.

GREEN ROOF

SHADING AND FENESTRATION

BRISE SOLEIL(WINDOW OVERHANG)

SECTION OF EXTERIOR WALL

SPATIAL EXPERIENCE The fully-accessible vegetated roof is a beautifully landscaped space where events can be held. Demonstration gardens show plantings that are appropriate for residential applications.

FACADE DESIGN

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4.2 SUZLON ONE EARTH

ENVELOPE At One Earth, terraces and pavilions extending out provide shade to the ground floor glass. The first floor largely extends over the ground, adding to the shaded areas. The most effective shading is provided by the roof overhangs on the third floor,and external louvers on the first and second floor, which provide 100% shading.

FACADE DETAILS Over deck insulation75mm thick. Reduction of heat ingress from rooftop by 25 %.

Glazing: High performance soft coated glass- KT(kypton)- 455 DGU for peropheral glazing reduces outside transmission to the intior office space and hence reduces the HVAC load by almost 20%

EXTERIOIR VIEW OF BLOCKS SHO SHOWING SHADING

WINDOW TO WALL RATIO

A strategy of increasing the ratio of fenestration to volume was used to improve the natural lighting and ventilation which ultimately resulted in thinner and longer building shapes, enhancing natural light and ventilation in a hot and dry climatic conditions.

Aluminium composite panels for facade

SECTION OF EXTERIOR WALL

1ST AND 2ND FLOOR COMPLETELY COVERED WITH LOUVRES

SHADING AND FENESTRATION LOUVRES

Horizontal louvres allow cross ventilation while keeping out direct sunlight

HIGH PERFORMANCE GLASS

BUILING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM The building integrated photovoltaic system was added to the building as the roof after it was built into the south facade. low iron tempered glass is usually used.

OVERHANGING ROOF

Over hanging roof and rooftop insulation contributes to the blocking of heat

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS

SPATIAL EXPERIENCE The strucutre is finished in champagne coloured alumunium composite panels giing it a very indian, warm and tactile finish.

FACADE DESIGN

CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES

ENVELOPE

SHADING DEVICES BRISE SOLEIL

CSL's orientation maximizes southern sun exposure, louvers, and overhangs(on façade) contribute to 80% daylight autonomy while minimizing summer cooling loads and contributing to heating in winter.

Deciduous trees and vines covering design exterioris producing

concrete Sustainable walls aesthetically integrate building and landscape while that

the right outputs and results improving energy performance theour building envelope. matterof to clients

They are present above windows in south facing facades. It offers the ideal solution for managing the heat entry by solar radiation, without obstructing free view. During the summer, with the high position of the sun, they offer an ideal protection against overheating. During the winter, when the sun is low, they allow the heat in the building.

ENVELOPE SUZLON ONE EARTH

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4.3 COMPARISONS

At One Earth Daylight is harnessed through curtain walls, but the massing is such that the curtain walls are kept shaded, either through selfshading from the upper blocks, or with extensive louvers that provide a distinct architectural vocabulary at the lower floors.

Our process is tuned for design

decision support with robust

project information modeling SELF SHADING BLOCKS THROUGH MASSINIG

SHADING DEVICES OVERHANGS

Roof overhangs on the third floor to shade thrid floor as its not heavily shaded by louvres and also to protect from high summer sun LOUVRES

External louvers on the first and second floor, which provide 100% shading. It helps control and reduce thermal heat gain

NATURAL VENTILATION

5.1 CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE

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WIND ANALYSIS

PASSIVELY COOLED ARTIUM

The orientation maximizes natural ventilation via southerly spring and summer winds while minimizing exposure to westerly winter winds.

A three-story atrium constructed mostly of glass, allowing for an interior greenhouse that can support plant life in a minimally tempered interior environment. The atium 100% passively cooled and acts as a thermal buffer.

ATRIUM WINDROSE FOR PITTSBURGH, USA

SITE PLAN FOR CLS

CUT AWAY SECTION OF ATRIUM AND SOUTH WING

OPERABLE WINDOWS

THERMAL MASSING

VEGETATION

Computational fluid dynamics study determined optimal window location for natural airflow. Operable windows provide natural ventilation through cross and stack vetilation in administrative, educational, and support spaces which thereby reduces HVAC system fan energy usage. The Notification system alerts building occupants when conditions are appropriate to open window

Extensive use of concrete and phase change material provides thermal mass that, when managed via automatic shade cloths, window walls and roof top vents, creates comfortable conditions.

The plantation of trees and shrubs result in energy saving, reduction of noise and pollution, modification of temperatures and relative humidity

STACK EFFECT

OPERABLE WINDOWS

CROSS VENTILATION

THERMAL MASSING DIAGRAM

LANDSCAPING AT CLS

NATURAL VENTILATION

5.1 CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE

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BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (HYBRID STRATEGY) The Direct Digital Control (DDC) Building Management System monitors, controls, and provides feedback on various systems for optimal energy efficient operations of the CSL building. The DDC responds to current conditions, predicts daily ambient temperature and humidity swings based on time of year, and uses past historical weather patterns. A notification system alerts occupants if temperature, humidity and air quality conditions are favorable for opening windows, while also locking out mechanical systems. Meters and sensors provide building operating profiles and trend data to monitor energy efficiency on an ongoing basis. Favorable temperatures and humidity levels trigger a "night purge" to draw cool, dry outside air through building spaces to cool walls, floors, furniture, and ceilings before being occupied, saving daytime cooling energy.

DESICCENT DEHUMIDIFICATION (HYBRID STRATEGY) A desiccant energy recovery wheel (also known as a rotary enthalpy wheel) utilizes energy that would otherwise be exhausted to pre-treat temperature and moisture of incoming outside air with minimal energy use and without mechanical refrigeration. The resulting reduced moisture levels and humidity control of the air allows for a higher comfortable indoor temperature setpoint of 24.5°C, and enables an economizer feature to provide for free cooling and enhanced natural ventilation. When the economizer and desiccant wheel cannot maintain comfort conditions due to extremes in outside weather conditions, the geothermal heat pump system is energized.

DESICCANT ENERGY RECOVERY WHEEL

DEMAND CONTROLLED VENTILATION (HYBRID STRATEGY) Aircuity system monitors temperature, humidity, CO2, TVOC, particulates and CO in occupied spaces, ensuring high quality air delivery through underfloor and ceiling distribution systems Breathing zone air ventilation rates are 55% above ASHRAE Standards 62.1-2004 requirement At less than full building occupancy, the DCV system reduces ventilation air volume, and thus reduces energy required to heat or cool and dehumidify the ventilation air

SPATIAL EXPERIENCE The cross and stack ventilation allows Users to experience fresh open environment in spaces like administrative, educational and support spaces Passively cooled atrium along with demand controlled ventilation designed to give users an ambience set at comfortable temperature with maximum hours of natural ventilation

NATURAL VENTILATION

5.2 SUZLON ONE EARTH

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WIND ANALYSIS

WATER BODIES AND COURTYARDS

The orientation makes use of the western winds for cross ventilation

The focus of the complex is a central courtyard that features a forty-metre traditional obelisk reaching out to the sky from the basement and a waterfall facing a crescent cafeteria.

FENESTRATION Aluminum louvers and operable fenestration allowing natural air and ventilation through cross ventilation. The building has a long and thin form( approximately 17m wide) for easy cross ventliation.

FORM Courtyards or atriums break the overall form, thus enabling light to penetrate or air to flow better. Blocks are separated by a centrally running public spine.

In evaporative cooling, the sensible heat of air is used to evaporate water, thereby cooling the air, which in turn cools the living space of the building. Increase in contact between water and air increases rate of evaporation. The presence of the water channels throughout the building and pool in courtyard makes a micro-climate and provides a cooling effect. This process is called adiabatic with no heat being gained or lost .

VEGETATION Landscaping is the most under utilised area of domestic architecture in spite of the fact that it is probably the cheapest and most effective way of improving year round comfort and energy efficiency. The vegetation grows rapidly around and are used as an architectonic element vertically or horizontally in the shape of pergolas, screens, vegetated atriums, patios, flower pots, and others, in order to create microclimates and to favour architectural design. Internal and external vegetation could be considered as a potential design element. The idea is to use it as an essential characteristic to reflect the architecture of the area and to produce the benefit of a micro-climate that adapts buildings to their immediate environment.

NATURAL VENTILATION

5.2 SUZLON ONE EARTH

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GLASS CHIMNEYS (HYBRID STRATEGY) The three glass chimneys, facilitated by sky courts suck out air from the basement. The basement is the main entrance for occupants. It is designed with light wells and wind risers, coupled with jet fans connected to carbon monoxide sensors, to create a stack effect that brings in fresh air through large openings that double as plumbing shafts at the basement perimeter.

DIRECT INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE SYSTEM (HYBRID STRATEGY) Systems such as Indirect Evaporative cooling have been used in short occupancy areas like the café, gym, employee lounge, etc. to help maintain comfortable temperatures of 25°C and eliminate the need for air conditioners. This has helped reduce the total air conditioning required for the project by approximately 300 tons.

DIRECT INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE SYSTEM CONFIGURATION OF GLASS CHINMES STACK EFFECT

COOLING SYSTEM (HYBRID STRATEGY) The project utilizes three kinds of cooling systems: 1) Water cooled VRV units manufactured by Daikin for office areas. 2) Air-cooled units as backup for critical areas like server rooms. 3) Multi-stage indirect-direct evaporative cooling units for short occupancy areas including lift lobbies, core areas, cafeteria, gym, and training center lobby. The indirect-direct evaporative cooling system employs only air and water for both the indirect and direct cooling stages.

The technology operates in 3 steps: 1) Sensible cooling of approximately 130% of fresh air in an efficient heat exchanger, using pre-cooled water. 2) Further cooling of air, and simultaneous cooling of water in the indirect evaporative cooling section of the unit. Air required for the cooling tower part of this section is drawn from the outlet of the same section.This air is commonly termed as ‘scavenge air’. 3) Direct evaporative cooling of 100% air in the final section.

SPATIAL EXPERIENCE This central garden plaza encourages communication,informal interaction and team gathering amongst Suzlon’s more than 1 500 colleagues and provides a visual presentation for occupants and visitors.

NATURAL NATURAL VENTILATION VENTILATION

CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES

CROSS VENTILATION AND STACK EFFECT The CSL's natural ventilation is provided through operable windows in administrative, educational, and support rooms. The number of hours of natural ventilation is increased by using an extended upper comfort temperature setpoint of 78°F (25.5°C) rather than the standard 72°F (22°C) thermostat setpoint reduces the amount of energy used by the HVAC system's fans. When the weather conditions are suitable for opening windows, a notification system notifies building inhabitants.

FORM Solid form The form is comparitively sold and less broken up when compared to Suzlon one earth. AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURE COMPARISON (C )

DESICCENT DEHUMIDIFICATION Utilizes energy that would otherwise be exhausted to pre-treat temperature and moisture in incoming outside air with minimal energy use and without mechanical refrigeration.The resulting reduced moisture levels and humidity control of the air allows for a higher comfortable indoor temperature setpoint of 24.5°C, and enables an economizer feature to provide for free cooling and enhanced natural ventilation.

Suzlon one Earth's stack effect for natural air and ventilation are provided via aluminium louvres and movable fenestration. In a hot and dry climate, these techniques resulted in lower, thinner, and longer building forms that improve the ratio of fenestration to volume, increasing natural light and ventilation.

Gain an immediate understanding

of our client’s, desires, context

and challenges

JU N E

M AY

JU LY AU G U ST SE PT EM BE R O CT O BE R N O VE M BE R DE CE M BE R

CLS

AP RI L

FE B M AR CH

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CROSS VENTILATION AND STACK EFFECT SUZLON ONE EARTH

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5.3 COMPARISONS

suzlon one earth

FORM Fragmented form Courtyards or atriums break the overall form and promote the flow of air.

COURTYARDS AND WATER FEATURES Courtyards can reduce the cooling energy needs of residential buildings in a very significant way and introduction of water feautre between buildings for evaporative cooling evaporative cooling lowers indoor air temperature by evaporating water. It is effective in hot-dry climate where the atmospheric humidity is low.

STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING

6.1 CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE

SPATIAL EXPERIENCE

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ROOF GARDEN 1 3

2 4 1

ROOF GARDEN

CONSTRUCTED WETLAND

LAGOON SYSTEM

RAIN GARDEN

CONSTRUCTED WETLAND The subsurface flow constructed wetland with 2-stage wetland treatment cell system. Treat all sanitary water from CSL through sand filtration and ultraviolet process to disinfects water to the gray water standards. This wetland is greatly reduces impact on municipal sewage treatment and energy-intensive potable water systems.

CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEM

Constructed wetlands Artificial wetland that incorporates principal ecosystem components found in wetlands, including organic materials, vascular plants, microbial fauna, and algae. Functioning as a biofilter to remove a range of pollutants.

Extensive green roof design with a 8" soil depth and a variety of plants selected for their medicinal, culinary and biofuel uses, serving rainwater harvesting, aesthetic and cooling effect. Reduces volume of stormwater runoff and pollutants in stormwater runoff Insulates building to reduce HVAC cooling in summer and heating in winter Retains 85% of annual rainfall Reduces heat island effect PLANTS ON ROOF GARDEN

LAGOON SYSTEM Captured stormwater runoff, the water flows through the lagoon, and the plants and their symbiotic root microorganisms absorb organic and mineral nutrients. It has a similar water treatment process with wetland to process tertiary non-potable standards.

Extensive landscaping connects users with nature. It adds to the aesthetic value and provides a visual treat for the users. These green spaces has an overall positive impact on the users feeling and emotion as it provides an ambience of relaxation and pleasure

RAIN GARDEN Designed with native plants, rain garden of CSL capture site stormwater to allow infiltration, serving ecological and aesthetic functions simultaneously

RAIN GARDEN SECTION

LAGOON SYSTEM WORKING

Lagoon system Lagoons are pond-like bodies of water or basins designed to receive, hold, and treat wastewater for a predetermined period of time.

Rain garden Designed landscape sites that reduce the flow rate, total quantity, and pollutant load of runoff from impervious urban areas. Rain garden beneficial in improve water quality by filtering runoff, provide localized flood control, create aesthetic landscaping sites, provide diverse planting opportunities, encourage wildlife and biodiversity, and tie together buildings and their surrounding environments.

STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING

6.2 SUZLON ONE EARTH

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XERISCAPING

PEBBLE DRAIN

The landscape design focused on indigenous plants to reduce or eliminate irrigation requirements. Selection of species: A variety of native or naturalized species whose have low water requirement, drought-resistant and low maintenance properties.

The landscape uses the concept of pebble drain’ where all the excess water from the hard surfaces on the podium is drained onto a pebble drain. Drainage mats have been used below all the soft landscape areas on the podium to prevent soil erosion and to collect excess water.

PEBBLE

PERVIOUS PAVEMENTS Kanchan

Amla

Rubber

Peepal

Chandan

Bamboo

Lotus & lily

TREES AND SHRUBS BEDS Placement of trees along with shrubs has been meticulously planned as has planting of shrubs and ground cover on all exposed soil surfaces.

PATIOS AND DECKS A significant reduction in water consumption and landscape maintenance has been achieved through the use of patios, decks, The size of lawns has been reduced to the bare functional requirement.

The use of alternative surfaces (pervious pavement) and nonstructural techniques (disconnection of imperviousness, rainwater recycling) has helped reduce imperviousness and promote infiltration, thereby lowering pollutant loadings. The storm water management system ensures removal of 80% of the average annual post development total suspended solids

PAVEMENTS CUT SECTION

SPATIAL EXPERIENCE

PATIOS AND DECKS

WATER CHANNELS Reflective pools not only connect the campus but also create a micro environment in the campus cooling the air around. WATER CHANNELS

Suzlon One Earth has a very wide, high walkability open space with fine pavement and greenery. Water channels, the flowing water vibrant the atmosphere, create a micro environment. These landscapes cool the space and create a comfortable and pleasant environment.

STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING

SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT

Suzlon one earth Large area of lawn, single type of soft scape, the lawn is enclosed by buildings. Center for sustainable landscape Extensive green, multiple type of garden, surround the CSL building

NOTABLE HARDSCAPES

Functional Sloped path, information board, energy recover unit

Lagoon system of center of sustainable landscape, capture rainwater to irrigate plants, water treatment pool

Greenery on rooftop, rain garden and woodland on slope

Gain an immediate understanding

of our client’s, desires, context

and challenges Lawn, trees, shrub, planter box on flat ground

Decorative & Symbolistic Sculptures and art

WATER FEATURE

Center for sustainable landscape

GREENERY

Suzlon one earth

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6.3 COMPARISONS

Suzlon one earth Pond and water channel: Create micro environment, cooling effect

RENEWABLE ENERGY

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7.1 CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS

GEOTHERMAL HEATING AND COOLING

Passive solar heating faces south, maximising winter sun exposure Provide around 73.8% of energy due to sensor and controls The CSL achieved an actual total EUI of 18 kBtu/ft2·year with a net EUI of –3 kBtu/ft2·year producing more electricity onsite through photovoltaic

VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE Renewable energy system generates electricity from wind which contributes to the net zero energy approach of offsetting 100% of the annual energy consumption of the CSL facility Elevation of the site above Panther Hollow promotes favorable conditions for wind generation Produce energy with winds as low as 4.25 mph. Building Management System meters and sensors collect and report on renewable energy generation from vertical axis wind turbine 2 1 4

3 1

Photovoltaic array

Wind Turbine

Geothermal wells

Tri-coil rooftop mechanical unit

A ground-source geothermal HVAC system that generates heat and cooling, capture about 70% of its heating and cooling energy from the ground's consistent 55°F (13°C) temperature. Works in conjunction with the Rooftop Energy Recovery Unit to provide heating, cooling, ventilation, and dehumidification. In summer, heat removed from the Heat Pump refrigeration cycle is absorbed by the water circulated in the wells and the cool ground, whereas in winter, warmth is recovered from the wells to heat the building spaces. 14 geothermal wells of 510 ft deep boreholes with PEX (crosslinked polyethylene) tubing loops

ROOFTOP ENERGY RECOVERY UNIT

Uses ground-source geothermal capacity, modulating between 19.4% and 100% outside air based on need.

RENEWABLE ENERGY

7.2 SUZLON ONE EARTH

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OVERVIEW Photovoltiac panels 20%

The One Earth campus generates 154 kW through a combination of wind-solar hybrid system and Building Integrated Photovoltaic panels (BIPV). Windmills 80%

LED street lighting is powered entirely by renewable energy-based systems located on the site thus reducing approximately 25 percent of the total lighting load. About 8% of the project’s energy consumption is met by renewable sources; windmills and solar panels. A solar water heating system with a capacity of 10,000 liters per day has been installed(which fulfill th e complete requirement of the facility), saving 135,501 kWh of electricity annualy

WIND SOLAR HYBRID SYSTEM 236 solar panels & 14 wind turbines are used in Suzlon One Earth campus. They use renewable energy sourc

A combination of photovoltaic array coupled with a wind turbine create more output from the wind turbine during the winter, whereas during the summer, the solar panels would produce their peak output. Hybrid energy systems often yield greater economic and environmental returns than wind, solar, geothermal or trigeneration stand-alone systems by themselves.

BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS(BIPV) In the case of facade or roof systems the photovoltaic system is added to the building after it was built. These low powered systems of up to some 10 kW was integrated into the south facade. low iron tempered glass is usually used. Glazing can be made as simple glass/glass laminate or as complex isolation glass/glass laminate.

SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM They are heated directly or via lightconcentrating mirrors. Possibility of the potable water or collector fluid overheating or freezing Changes in ambient temperature during the day-night cycle

RENEWABLE ENERGY

CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES

As The climate of Pittsburgh is humid continental, with very cold, snowy winters and warm to hot summers, CSL produce electricity onsite with the help of Photovoltaic panels that faces south maximizes winter sun exposure.

WIND ENERGY

ANN U

SOLAR ENERGY

ENERG Y AL 5,621,853 KWH

USE

CSL is located such that the elevation of site provides the right condition for wind generation vertical axis wind turbine generates electricity from wind contributing to the net zero energy approach .

Sustainable design is producing

the right outputs and results that

matter to our clients

For suzlon on earth, photovoltaic system is added to the building after it was built. Other use of solar panel was for water heating systems either using light concentrating mirrors or directly. Other Photovoltaic system are low powered upto 10k W intergrated to the Gain an facade immediate Our process is tunedunderstanding

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WIND ENERGY

ANN U

SUZLON ONE EARTH

SOLAR ENERGY

ENERG L Y A 129,876 KWH

USE

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7.3 COMPARISON

In Suzlon on earth, The wind turbines are part of a wind solar hybrid system. Since solar radiation and wind speed vary throughout the year, the power system uses solar insolation and wind energy to produce electricity. 14 wind turbines and 236 solar panels are used in their campus to produce renewable energy

CONCUSIONS

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CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES AND SUZLON ONE EARTH

SITE PLANNING

DAYLIGHTING

FACADE DESIGN

CSL is a an educational and research type . building while Suzlon one earth is mainly an office. CSL is built on a brownfield site and is located within walking distance of the neighborhood of Oakland, connecting it to a network of major educational, medical and cultural institutions while Suzlon is located in an urban area with existing infrastructure with residential development and easy access to basic services, like bank, temple, fire station, clinic, etc. This makes it easy for employee working at Suzlon to have their needs met and commute

At CSL occupants enjoy 80% daylight autonomy, with programmable dimmers adjusting overhead lighting. LED task lights provide additional light if necessary. All regularly occupied spaces are within 15 feet of operable windows that afford access and views of nature. The daylight zone and prediction calculations from daylight simulation results demonstrate a minimum Daylight Factor of 2% in 75% of all space occupied for critical visual tasks. That means 75% of all regularly occupied spaces get adequate daylight, diminishing the need for artificial light and creating more natural conditions in the workspace

For facade CSL uses barn wood on the exterior while Suzlon one earth uses aluminium composite panels which have light brown colour which is to give warn earthy feeling relation to traditional Indian Architecture. Both buildings use Double glazed units with low e coating for glazing . For shading we observe that CSL doesn't make use of louvres on facade to cover glazing but instead uses daylight shading feature called Brise soleil to protect from summer sun. On the other hand One Earth heavily shades its self due to its high temperature with louvres completely covering the first and second floor.

NATURAL VENTILATION

STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Both buildings are located in hot climates with Pittsburgh having humidity, winter months with heavy snowfall and Pune being hot and dry with high humidity in some months. So ventilation is impotant in cooling the buildings down.The CSL's natural ventilation is provided mainly through operable windows. other unique design features include a raised floor for thermal radiant floor heating to provide supplementary heat, and a green roof for increased thermal mass and passively cooled atrium. Suzlon one Earth's cross ventilation and stack effect for natural air and ventilation are provided via aluminium louvres and movable fenestration.

Two buildings with different climatic conditions, similar building purposes and functions had created unique and distinctive landscape elements. Center of Sustainable Landscape is focusing attention on the important intersection between the built and natural environments, so large green spaces with water treatment functions can be found. Suzlon One Earth is designed to provide an urban environment that enhances human comfort and experience. Large area lawn, water feature and fine pavement provide a pleasant outdoor user experience.

Both building use similar renewable energy systems like PV panels and wind turbines with CSL also making use Geothermal energy for heating and cooling. CSL is a net zero energy building which produces 100% of it energy consumption needs on site while Suzlon One Earth provides 8% of total energy need from onsite renewable energy systems and the rest from wind turbines offsite.

REFERENCES

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN| PROJECT 1 | GREEN BUILDING CASE STUDIES A4 REPORT

CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES

1. AIATOPTEN.ORG. 2021. CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT: <HTTPS://WWW.AIATOPTEN.ORG/NODE/507> [ACCESSED 13 OCTOBER 2021]. 2. TECHNOLOGY SCREENING MATRIX | FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE. FRTR.GOV. RETRIEVED 13 OCTOBER 2021, FROM HTTPS://FRTR.GOV/MATRIX/CONSTRUCTED-WETLANDS/. 3. CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES | WBDG - WHOLE BUILDING DESIGN GUIDE. WBDG.ORG. (2016). RETRIEVED 13 OCTOBER 2021, FROM HTTPS://WWW.WBDG.ORG/ADDITIONALRESOURCES/CASE-STUDIES/CENTER-SUSTAINABLELANDSCAPES. 4. CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES / THE DESIGN ALLIANCE ARCHITECTS. ARCHDAILY. (2013). RETRIEVED 13 OCTOBER 2021, FROM HTTPS://WWW.ARCHDAILY.COM/364575/CENTER-FORSUSTAINABLE-LANDSCAPES-THE-DESIGN-ALLIANCEARCHITECTS. 5. CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES, PENNSYLVANIA, USA | BREEAM - SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT METHOD. BREEAM SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT METHOD |. (2021). RETRIEVED 13 OCTOBER 2021, FROM HTTPS://WWW.BREEAM.COM/CASESTUDIES/OFFICES/CENTER-FOR-SUSTAINABLE-LANDSCAPESPENNSYLVANIA-USA/./ 6. V. PIACENTINI, R. (2018). CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES, PITTSBURGH - HPB MAGAZINE. HPB MAGAZINE. RETRIEVED 13 OCTOBER 2021, FROM HTTPS://WWW.HPBMAGAZINE.ORG/CENTER-FORSUSTAINABLE-LANDSCAPES-PITTSBURGH/.

REFERENCES SUZLON ONE EARTH

1. Suzlon One Earth Global Corporate Headquarters / Christopher Benninger. ArchDaily. (2014). Retrieved 13 October 2021, from https://www.archdaily.com/466958/suzlon-one-earth-globalcorporate-headquarters-christopher-benninger. 2. Tao Architecture | Suzlon One Earth. Taoarchitecture.com. Retrieved 13 October 2021, from https://taoarchitecture.com/suzlon-one-earth.php. 3. Singh, R., Ravache, B. and Sartor, D., 2018. Building Innovation: A Guide for High-Performance Energy Efficient Buildings in India. [online] Usibc.com. Available at: <https://www.usibc.com/wpcontent/uploads/2019/07/BIG_final_lbnl_pdf.pdf> [Accessed 13 October 2021]. 4. Sustainable Buildings. [online] Available at: <https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itut/oth/4B/04/T4B0400000B0012PDFE.pdf> [Accessed 13 October 2021]. 5. Synefra.com. 2009. Sustainability, Suzlon One Earth. [online] Available at: <http://www.synefra.com/wpcontent/uploads/2015/04/Sustainability-pdf.pdf> [Accessed 13 October 2021].