Komatsu wa180 1 wheel loader service repair manual sn10001 and up

Page 1

6(%0

0$&+,1( 02'(/

6(5,$/ 1R

:$

DQG XS

‡

7KLV VKRS PDQXDO PD\ FRQWDLQ DWWDFKPHQWV DQG RSWLRQDO HTXLSPHQW WKDW DUH QRW DYDLODEOH LQ \RXU DUHD 3OHDVH FRQVXOW \RXU ORFDO .RPDWVX GLVWULEXWRU IRU WKRVH LWHPV \RX PD\ UHTXLUH 0DWHULDOV DQG VSHFLILFDWLRQV DUH VXEMHFW WR FKDQJH ZLWKRXW QRWLFH

‡

:$ PRXQW WKH 6 ' / HQJLQH )RU GHWDLOV RI WKH HQJLQH VHH WKH 6HULHV (QJLQH 6KRS 0DQXDO

‹ $OO 5LJKWV 5HVHUYHG 3ULQWHG LQ -DSDQ


6$)(7<

:$


7KH DIIHFWHG SDJHV DUH LQGLFDWHG E\ WKH XVH RI WKH IROORZLQJ PDUNV ,W LV UHTXHVWHG WKDW QHFHVVDU\ DFWLRQV PXVW EH WDNHQ WR WKHVH SDJHV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH OLVW EHORZ

0DUN

,QGLFDWLRQ

$FWLRQ UHTXLUHG

4

3DJH WR EH QHZO\ DGGHG

T

3DJH WR EH UHSODFHG

5HSODFH

3DJH WR EH GHOHWHG

'LVFDUG

$GG

3DJHV KDYLQJ QR PDUNV DUH QRW UHYLVHG DW WKLV WLPH

/,67 2) 5(9,6(' 3$*(6 0DUN

T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

3DJHV

:$

5HYLVLRQ QXPEHU

0DUN

3DJHV

5HYLVLRQ QXPEHU

0DUN

T

3DJHV

5HYLVLRQ QXPEHU

0DUN

T

3DJHV

5HYLVLRQ QXPEHU

0DUN

3DJHV

5HYLVLRQ QXPEHU


0DUN

3DJHV

5HYLVLRQ QXPEHU

0DUN

T T T T T T

3DJHV

5HYLVLRQ QXPEHU

0DUN

3DJHV

5HYLVLRQ QXPEHU

0DUN

3DJHV

5HYLVLRQ QXPEHU

0DUN

3DJHV

5HYLVLRQ QXPEHU

:$


0DUN

3DJHV

:$

5HYLVLRQ QXPEHU

0DUN

3DJHV

5HYLVLRQ QXPEHU

0DUN

3DJHV

5HYLVLRQ QXPEHU

0DUN

3DJHV

5HYLVLRQ QXPEHU

0DUN

3DJHV

5HYLVLRQ QXPEHU


6$)(7<

6$)(7< 127,&(

6$)(7<

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

*(1(5$/ 35(&$87,216 0LVWDNHV LQ RSHUDWLRQ DUH H[WUHPHO\ GDQJHURXV 5HDG WKH 2SHUDWLRQ DQG 0DLQWHQDQFH 0DQXDO FDUH IXOO\ %()25( RSHUDWLQJ WKH PDFKLQH %HIRUH FDUU\LQJ RXW DQ\ JUHDVLQJ RU UHSDLUV UHDG DOO WKH SUHFDXWLRQV JLYHQ RQ WKH GHFDOV ZKLFK DUH IL[HG WR WKH PDFKLQH :KHQ FDUU\LQJ RXW DQ\ RSHUDWLRQ DOZD\V ZHDU VDIHW\ VKRHV DQG KHOPHW 'R QRW ZHDU ORRVH ZRUN FORWKHV RU FORWKHV ZLWK EXWWRQV PLVVLQJ ‡ ‡

$OZD\V ZHDU VDIHW\ JODVVHV ZKHQ KLWWLQJ SDUWV ZLWK D KDPPHU $OZD\V ZHDU VDIHW\ JODVVHV ZKHQ JULQGLQJ SDUWV ZLWK D JULQGHU HWF

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


6$)(7<

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¤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

6$)(7< 127,&(

%H VXUH WR DVVHPEOH DOO SDUWV DJDLQ LQ WKHLU RULJL QDO SODFHV 5HSODFH DQ\ GDPDJHG SDUWV ZLWK QHZ SDUWV ‡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


)25(:25'

*(1(5$/

)25(:25' *(1(5$/

7KLV VKRS PDQXDO KDV EHHQ SUHSDUHG DV DQ DLG WR LPSURYH WKH TXDOLW\ RI UHSDLUV E\ JLYLQJ WKH VHUYLFHPDQ DQ DFFXUDWH XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKH SURGXFW DQG E\ VKRZLQJ KLP WKH FRUUHFW ZD\ WR SHUIRUP UHSDLUV DQG PDNH MXGJH PHQWV 0DNH VXUH \RX XQGHUVWDQG WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKLV PDQXDO DQG XVH LW WR IXOO HIIHFW DW HYHU\ RSSRUWXQLW\

7KLV VKRS PDQXDO PDLQO\ FRQWDLQV WKH QHFHVVDU\ WHFKQLFDO LQIRUPDWLRQ IRU RSHUDWLRQV SHUIRUPHG LQ D VHUYLFH ZRUNVKRS )RU HDVH RI XQGHUVWDQGLQJ WKH PDQXDO LV GLYLGHG LQWR WKH IROORZLQJ FKDSWHUV WKHVH FKDSWHUV DUH IXU WKHU GLYLGHG LQWR WKH HDFK PDLQ JURXS RI FRPSRQHQWV

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

127,&( 7KH VSHFLILFDWLRQV FRQWDLQHG LQ WKLV VKRS PDQXDO DUH VXEMHFW WR FKDQJH DW DQ\ WLPH DQG ZLWKRXW DQ\ DGYDQFH QRWLFH 8VH WKH VSHFLILFDWLRQV JLYHQ LQ WKH ERRN ZLWK WKH ODWHVW GDWH


)25(:25'

+2: 72 5($' 7+( 6+23 0$18$/

+2: 72 5($' 7+( 6+23 0$18$/

5(9,6(' (',7,21 0$5.

92/80(6 6KRS PDQXDOV DUH LVVXHG DV D JXLGH WR FDUU\LQJ RXW UHSDLUV 7KH\ DUH GLYLGHG DV IROORZV

:KHQ D PDQXDO LV UHYLVHG DQ HGLWLRQ PDUN LV UHFRUGHG RQ WKH ERWWRP RI WKH SDJHV

&KDVVLV YROXPH ,VVXHG IRU HYHU\ PDFKLQH PRGHO (QJLQH YROXPH ,VVXHG IRU HDFK HQJLQH VHULHV (DFK LVVXHG DV RQH (OHFWULFDO YROXPH $WWDFKPHQWV YROXPH YROXPH WR FRYHU DOO PRGHOV

5(9,6,216

`

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

5HYLVHG SDJHV DUH VKRZQ LQ WKH /,67 2) 5(9,6(' 3$*(6 QH[W WR WKH &217(176 SDJH 6<0%2/6 6R WKDW WKH VKRS PDQXDO FDQ EH RI DPSOH SUDFWLFDO XVH LPSRUWDQW VDIHW\ DQG TXDOLW\ SRUWLRQV DUH PDUNHG ZLWK WKH IROORZLQJ V\PEROV

6\PERO

,WHP

5HPDUNV

N

6DIHW\

6SHFLDO VDIHW\ SUHFDXWLRQV DUH QHFHVVDU\ ZKHQ SHU IRUPLQJ WKH ZRUN

&DXWLRQ

6SHFLDO WHFKQLFDO SUHFDX WLRQV RU RWKHU SUHFDXWLRQV IRU SUHVHUYLQJ VWDQGDUGV DUH QHFHVVDU\ ZKHQ SHU IRUPLQJ WKH ZRUN

:HLJKW

:HLJKW RI SDUWV RI V\V WHPV &DXWLRQ QHFHVVDU\ ZKHQ VHOHFWLQJ KRLVWLQJ ZLUH RU ZKHQ ZRUNLQJ SRV WXUH LV LPSRUWDQW HWF

7LJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH

3ODFHV WKDW UHTXLUH VSHFLDO DWWHQWLRQ IRU WKH WLJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH GXULQJ DVVHPEO\

&RDW

3ODFHV WR EH FRDWHG ZLWK DGKHVLYHV DQG OXEULFDQWV HWF

2LO ZDWHU

3ODFHV ZKHUH RLO ZDWHU RU IXHO PXVW EH DGGHG DQG WKH FDSDFLW\

'UDLQ

3ODFHV ZKHUH RLO RU ZDWHU P X V W E H G U D L Q HG D Q G TXDQWLW\ WR EH GUDLQHG

D

,WHP QXPEHU 6WUXFWXUH DQG )XQFWLRQ

&RQVHFXWLYH SDJH QXPEHU IRU HDFK LWHP ([DPSOH (QJLQH YROXPH 8QLW QXPEHU (QJLQH

,WHP QXPEHU 7HVWLQJ DQG $GMXVW LQJ

&RQVHFXWLYH SDJH QXPEHU IRU HDFK LWHP $GGLWLRQDO SDJHV $GGLWLRQDO SDJHV DUH LQGLFDWHG E\ D K\SKHQ DQG QXPEHU DIWHU WKH SDJH QXPEHU )LOH DV LQ WKH H[DPSOH ([DPSOH $GGHG SDJHV


)25(:25'

+2,67,1* ,16758&7,216

+2,67,1* ,16758&7,216 +2,67,1* N +HDY\ SDUWV NJ RU PRUH PXVW EH OLIWHG

ZLWK D KRLVW HWF ,Q WKH ',6$66(0%/< $1' $66(0%/< VHFWLRQ HYHU\ SDUW ZHLJKLQJ NJ RU PRUH LV LQGLFDWHG FOHDUO\ ZLWK WKH V\PERO

‡

,I D SDUW FDQQRW EH VPRRWKO\ UHPRYHG IURP WKH PDFKLQH E\ KRLVWLQJ WKH IROORZLQJ FKHFNV VKRXOG EH PDGH &KHFN IRU UHPRYDO RI DOO EROWV IDVWHQLQJ WKH SDUW WR WKH UHODWLYH SDUWV &KHFN IRU H[LVWHQFH RI DQRWKHU SDUW FDXVLQJ LQWHUIHUHQFH ZLWK WKH SDUW WR EH UHPRYHG

:,5( 523(6 8VH DGHTXDWH URSHV GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH ZHLJKW RI SDUWV WR EH KRLVWHG UHIHUULQJ WR WKH WDEOH EHORZ :LUH URSHV 6WDQGDUG = RU 6 WZLVW URSHV ZLWKRXW JDOYDQL]LQJ

5RSH GLDPHWHU

$OORZDEOH ORDG

PP

N1

WRQV

6OLQJLQJ QHDU WKH HGJH RI WKH KRRN PD\ FDXVH WKH URSH WR VOLS RII WKH KRRN GXULQJ KRLVWLQJ DQG D VHULRXV DFFLGHQW FDQ UHVXOW +RRNV KDYH PD[ LPXP VWUHQJWK DW WKH PLGGOH SRUWLRQ

100%

88%

79%

71%

41% SAD00479

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` ZKHQ KRLVWLQJ LV PDGH ZLWK WZR URSHV HDFK RI ZKLFK LV DOORZHG WR VOLQJ XS WR N1 ^ NJ` YHUWLFDOO\ DW YDULRXV KDQJLQJ DQJOHV :KHQ WZR URSHV VOLQJ D ORDG YHUWLFDOO\ XS WR N1 ^ NJ` RI WRWDO ZHLJKW FDQ EH VXV SHQGHG 7KLV ZHLJKW EHFRPHV N1 ^ NJ` ZKHQ WZR URSHV PDNH D ƒ KDQJLQJ DQJOH 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG WZR URSHV DUH VXEMHFWHG WR DQ H[FHVVLYH IRUFH DV ODUJH DV N1 ^ NJ` LI WKH\ VOLQJ D N1 ^ NJ` ORDG DW D OLIWLQJ DQJOH RI ƒ

D 7KH DOORZDEOH ORDG YDOXH LV HVWLPDWHG WR EH RQH VL[WK RU RQH VHYHQWK RI WKH EUHDNLQJ VWUHQJWK RI WKH URSH XVHG 6OLQJ ZLUH URSHV IURP WKH PLGGOH SRUWLRQ RI WKH KRRN


)25(:25'

0(7+2' 2) ',6$66(0%/,1* &211(&7,1* 386+ 38// 7<3( &283/(5

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

D 7KH DGDSWHU FDQ EH SXVKHG LQ DERXW PP D 'R QRW KROG UXEEHU FDS SRUWLRQ $IWHU KRVH MRLQW LV SXVKHG LQWR DGDSWHU SUHVV UXEEHU FDS SRUWLRQ DJDLQVW XQWLO LW FOLFNV 6HH )LJ

+ROG KRVH DGDSWHU RU KRVH DQG SXOO LW RXW 6HH )LJ

D 6LQFH VRPH K\GUDXOLF RLO IORZV RXW SUHSDUH DQ RLO UHFHLYLQJ FRQWDLQHU &RQQHFWLRQ +ROG KRVH DGDSWHU RU KRVH DQG LQVHUW LW LQ PDWLQJ DGDSWHU DOLJQLQJ WKHP ZLWK HDFK RWKHU 6HH )LJ

D 'R QRW KROG UXEEHU FDS SRUWLRQ $IWHU LQVHUWLQJ WKH KRVH LQ WKH PDWLQJ DGDSWHU SHUIHFWO\ SXOO LW EDFN WR FKHFN LWV FRQQHFWLQJ FRQGLWLRQ 6HH )LJ

D :KHQ WKH KRVH LV SXOOHG EDFN WKH UXEEHU FDS SRUWLRQ PRYHV WRZDUG WKH KRVH DERXW PP 7KLV GRHV QRW LQGLFDWH DEQRUPDOLW\ KRZHYHU

7\SH


)25(:25'

0(7+2' 2) ',6$66(0%/,1* &211(&7,1* 386+ 38// 7<3( &283/(5

7\SH

+ROG WKH PRXWKSLHFH RI WKH WLJKWHQLQJ SRUWLRQ DQG SXVK ERG\ LQ VWUDLJKW XQWLO VOLGLQJ SUH YHQWLRQ ULQJ FRQWDFWV FRQWDFW VXUIDFH D RI WKH KH[DJRQDO SRUWLRQ DW WKH PDOH HQG

+ROG WKH PRXWKSLHFH RI WKH WLJKWHQLQJ SRUWLRQ DQG SXVK ERG\ LQ VWUDLJKW XQWLO VOLGLQJ SUH YHQWLRQ ULQJ FRQWDFWV FRQWDFW VXUIDFH D RI WKH KH[DJRQDO SRUWLRQ DW WKH PDOH HQG

+ROG LQ WKH FRQGLWLRQ LQ 6WHS DQG WXUQ OHYHU WR WKH ULJKW FORFNZLVH

+ROG LQ WKH FRQGLWLRQ LQ 6WHS DQG SXVK XQWLO FRYHU FRQWDFWV FRQWDFW VXUIDFH D RI WKH KH[DJRQDO SRUWLRQ DW WKH PDOH HQG

+ROG LQ WKH FRQGLWLRQ LQ 6WHSV DQG DQG SXOO RXW ZKROH ERG\ WR GLVFRQQHFW LW

+ROG LQ WKH FRQGLWLRQ LQ 6WHSV DQG DQG SXOO RXW ZKROH ERG\ WR GLVFRQQHFW LW

‡

‡

'LVDVVHPEO\

7\SH

+ROG WKH PRXWKSLHFH RI WKH WLJKWHQLQJ SRUWLRQ DQG SXVK ERG\ LQ VWUDLJKW XQWLO VOLGLQJ SUH YHQWLRQ ULQJ FRQWDFWV FRQWDFW VXUIDFH D RI WKH KH[DJRQDO SRUWLRQ DW WKH PDOH HQG WR FRQ QHFW LW

&RQQHFWLRQ

+ROG WKH PRXWKSLHFH RI WKH WLJKWHQLQJ SRUWLRQ DQG SXVK ERG\ LQ VWUDLJKW XQWLO VOLGLQJ SUH YHQWLRQ ULQJ FRQWDFWV FRQWDFW VXUIDFH D RI WKH KH[DJRQDO SRUWLRQ DW WKH PDOH HQG WR FRQ QHFW LW


)25(:25'

&2$7,1* 0$7(5,$/6

&2$7,1* 0$7(5,$/6 D 7KH UHFRPPHQGHG FRDWLQJ PDWHULDOV VXFK DV DGKHVLYHV JDVNHW VHDODQWV DQG JUHDVHV XVHG IRU GLVDVVHPEO\ DQG DVVHPEO\ DUH OLVWHG EHORZ D )RU FRDWLQJ PDWHULDOV QRW OLVWHG EHORZ XVH WKH HTXLYDOHQW RI SURGXFWV VKRZQ LQ WKLV OLVW

&DWHJRU\

.RPDWVX FRGH

3DUW 1R

4 W\

&RQWDLQHU

/7 $

J

7XEH

/7 %

J SFV

3RO\HWK\OHQH FRQWDLQHU

3RO\HWK\OHQH FRQWDLQHU

/7

J

/7

6HW RI DGKHVLYH DQG KDUGHQLQJ DJHQW

$GKHVLYH NJ +DUGHQLQJ DJHQW J

&DQ

/7

J

3RO\HWK\OHQH FRQWDLQHU

+ROW] 0+

J

7XEH

7KUHH ERQG

J

3RO\HWK\OHQH FRQWDLQHU

$GKHVLYHV

*DVNHW VHDODQW

$URQ DOSKD

J

3RO\HWK\OHQH FRQWDLQHU

/RFWLWH

$

FF

3RO\HWK\OHQH FRQWDLQHU

/*

J

7XEH

/*

NJ

&DQ

0DLQ DSSOLFDWLRQV IHDWXUHVU ‡

8VHG WR SUHYHQW UXEEHU JDVNHWV UXEEHU FXVKLRQV DQG FRFN SOXJ IURP FRPLQJ RXW

‡

8VHG LQ SODFHV UHTXLULQJ DQ LPPH GLDWHO\ HIIHFWLYH VWURQJ DGKHVLYH 8VHG IRU SODVWLFV H[FHSW SRO\HWK \OHQH SRO\SURSK\OHQH WHWUDIOXRU RHWKOHQH DQG YLQ\O FKORULGH UXEEHU PHWDO DQG QRQ PHWDO

‡ ‡

)HDWXUHV 5HVLVWDQFH WR KHDW DQG FKHPLFDOV 8VHG IRU DQWL ORRVHQLQJ DQG VHDO DQW SXUSRVH IRU EROWV DQG SOXJV

‡

8VHG DV DGKHVLYH RU VHDODQW IRU PHWDO JODVV DQG SODVWLF

‡

8VHG DV VHDODQW IRU PDFKLQHG KROHV

‡

8VHG DV KHDW UHVLVWLQJ VHDODQW IRU UHSDLULQJ HQJLQH

‡ ‡ ‡

4XLFN KDUGHQLQJ W\SH DGKHVLYH &XUH WLPH ZLWKLQ VHF WR PLQ 8VHG PDLQO\ IRU DGKHVLRQ RI PHW DOV UXEEHUV SODVWLFV DQG ZRRGV

‡ ‡

4XLFN KDUGHQLQJ W\SH DGKHVLYH 4XLFN FXUH W\SH PD[ VWUHQJWK DI WHU PLQXWHV

8VHG PDLQO\ IRU DGKHVLRQ RI UXE EHUV SODVWLFV DQG PHWDOV

‡ ‡ ‡

5HVLVWDQFH WR KHDW FKHPLFDOV 8VHG DW MRLQW SRUWLRQV VXEMHFW WR KLJK WHPSHUDWXUHV

‡

8VHG DV DGKHVLYH RU VHDODQW IRU JDVNHWV DQG SDFNLQJ RI SRZHU WUDLQ FDVH HWF

‡

8VHG DV VHDODQW IRU YDULRXV WKUHDGV SLSH MRLQWV IODQJHV 8VHG DV VHDODQW IRU WDSHUHG SOXJV HOERZV QLSSOHV RI K\GUDX OLF SLSLQJ

‡

‡ /*

J

7XEH

‡ ‡

)HDWXUHV 6LOLFRQ EDVHG UHVLVW DQFH WR KHDW FROG 8VHG DV VHDODQW IRU IODQJH VXU IDFH WUHDG PDE 8VHG DV VHDODQW IRU RLO SDQ ILQDO GULYH FDVH HWF


)25(:25'

&DWHJRU\

&2$7,1* 0$7(5,$/6

.RPDWVX FRGH

3DUW 1R

4 W\

&RQWDLQHU

0DLQ DSSOLFDWLRQV IHDWXUHVU ‡

/*

J

7XEH

7KUHH ERQG

J

7XEH

/0 *

J

&DQ

‡

)WXUHV 6LOLFRQ EDVHG TXLFN KDUG HQLQJ W\SH 8VHG DV VHDODQW IRU IO\ZKHHO KRXVLQJ LQWDNH PDQLIROG RLO DQ WKHUPRVWDW KRXVLQJ HWF

‡

8VHG DV KHDW UHVLVWLQJ VHDODQW IRU UHSDLULQJ HQJLQH

‡

8VHG DV OXEULFDQW IRU VOLGLQJ SRU WLRQ WR SUHYHQW IURP VTXHDNLQJ

‡

8VHG WR SUHYHQW VHL]XUH RU VFXI IOLQJ RI WKH WKUHDG ZKHQ SUHVV ILW WLQJ RU VKULQN ILWWLQJ 8VHG DV OXEULFDQW IRU OLQNDJH EHDULQJV HWF

$GKHVLYHV

0RO\EGHQXP GLVXOSKLGH OXEULFDQW

*UHDVH

/0 3

J

* /,

6<* /, 6<* /, 6<* /, $ 6<* /, 6<*$ &1/,

* &$

6<* &$ 6<* &$ 6<* &$ $ 6<* &$ 6<*$ &1&$

9DULRXV

9DULRXV

0RO\EGHQXP GLVXOSKLGH OXEULFDQW

6<* 0

J SHU FDVH

%HORZV W\SH

9DULRXV

7XEH

‡ ‡

*HQHUDO SXUSRVH W\SH

‡

8VHG IRU QRUPDO WHPSHUDWXUH OLJKW ORDG EHDULQJ DW SODFHV LQ FRQ WDFW ZLWK ZDWHU RU VWHDP

‡

8VHG IRU SODFHV ZLWK KHDY\ ORDG

9DULRXV


)25(:25'

67$1'$5' 7,*+7(1,1* 72548(

67$1'$5' 7,*+7(1,1* 72548( 67$1'$5' 7,*+7(1,1* 72548( 7$%/( :+(1 86,1* 72548( :5(1&+

D ,Q WKH FDVH RI PHWULF QXWV DQG EROWV IRU ZKLFK WKHUH LV QR VSHFLDO LQVWUXFWLRQ WLJKWHQ WR WKH WRUTXH JLYHQ LQ WKH WDEOH EHORZ 7KUHDG GLDPHWHU RI EROW

:LGWK DFURVV IODWV

PP

PP

1P

NJP

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

7KUHDG GLDPHWHU RI EROW

:LGWK DFURVV IODWV

PP

PP

1P

NJP

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

Sealing surface

7$%/( 2) 7,*+7(1,1* 72548(6 )25 )/$5(' 1876 D ,Q WKH FDVH RI IODUHG QXWV IRU ZKLFK WKHUH LV QR VSHFLDO LQVWUXFWLRQ WLJKWHQ WR WKH WRUTXH JLYHQ LQ WKH WDEOH EHORZ SAD00483

7KUHDG GLDPHWHU

:LGWK DFURVV IODW

PP

PP

1P

NJP

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

7LJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH


)25(:25'

67$1'$5' 7,*+7(1,1* 72548(

7$%/( 2) 7,*+7(1,1* 72548(6 )25 63/,7 )/$1*( %2/76 D ,Q WKH FDVH RI VSOLW IODQJH EROWV IRU ZKLFK WKHUH LV QR VSHFLDO LQVWUXFWLRQ WLJKWHQ WR WKH WRUTXH JLYHQ LQ WKH WDEOH EHORZ

7KUHDG GLDPHWHU

:LGWK DFURVV IODW

7LJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH

PP

PP

1P

NJP

‘ ‘ ‘

‘ ‘ ‘

7$%/( 2) 7,*+7(1,1* 72548(6 )25 2 5,1* %266 3,3,1* -2,176 D 8QOHVV WKHUH DUH VSHFLDO LQVWUXFWLRQV WLJKWHQ WKH 2 ULQJ ERVV SLSLQJ MRLQWV WR WKH WRUTXH EHORZ

1RUPLQDO 1R

7KUHDG GLDPHWHU

:LGWK DFURVV IODW

7LJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH

PP

PP

1P

NJP

9DULHV GHSHQGLQJ RQ W\SH RI FRQQHFWRU

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

7$%/( 2) 7,*+7(1,1* 72548(6 )25 2 5,1* %266 3/8*6 D 8QOHVV WKHUH DUH VSHFLDO LQVWUXFWLRQV WLJKWHQ WKH 2 ULQJ ERVV SOXJV WR WKH WRUTXH EHORZ

1RUPLQDO 1R

7KUHDG GLDPHWHU

:LGWK DFURVV IODW

7LJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH

PP

PP

1P

NJP

Q Q Q

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘


)25(:25'

67$1'$5' 7,*+7(1,1* 72548(

7,*+7(1,1* 72548( )25 (1*,1( 6(5,(6 %2/7 $1' 1876 8VH WKHVH WRUTXHV IRU EROWV DQG QXWV XQLW PP RI &XPPLQV (QJLQH 7KUHDG GLDPHWHU

7LJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH

PP

1P

NJP

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

(<( -2,176 8VH WKHVH WRUTXHV IRU H\H MRLQWV XQLW PP RI &XPPLQV (QJLQH 7KUHDG GLDPHWHU

7LJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH

PP

1P

NJP

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

7$3(5(' 6&5(:6 8VH WKHVH WRUTXHV IRU WDSHUHG VFUHZV XQLW LQFK RI &XPPLQV (QJLQH 7KUHDG GLDPHWHU

7LJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH

LQFK

1P

NJP

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘

7,*+7(1,1* 72548( 7$%/( )25 +26(6 7$3(5 6($/ 7<3( $1' )$&( 6($/ 7<3(

D 7LJKWHQ WKH KRVHV WDSHU VHDO W\SH DQG IDFH VHDO W\SH WR WKH IROORZLQJ WRUTXH XQOHVV RWKHUZLVH VSHFLILHG D $SSO\ WKH IROORZLQJ WRUTXH ZKHQ WKH WKUHDGV DUH FRDWHG ZHW ZLWK HQJLQH RLO 7LJKWHQLQJ WRUTXH 1P ^NJP`

1RPLQDO VL]H :LGWK DFURVV RI KRVH IODWV

7DSHU VHDO W\SH

)DFH VHDO W\SH

1RPLQDO WKUHDG 7KUHDG VL]H VL]H 7KUHDGV SHU 5RRW GLDPHWHU PP

LQFK 7KUHDG VHULHV PP 5HIHUHQFH

5DQJH

7DUJHW

^ `

^ `

¤ 81)

^ `

^ `

¤

¤ 81

^ `

^ `

¤

¤

^ `

^ `

¤ 81

^ `

^ `

816

^ `

^ `

¤ 81)

^ `

^ `

¤

¤

^ `

^ `

¤

¤

^ `

^ `

¤

¤


)25(:25'

(/(&75,& :,5( &2'(

(/(&75,& :,5( &2'(

,Q WKH ZLULQJ GLDJUDPV YDULRXV FRORUV DQG V\PEROV DUH HPSOR\HG WR LQGLFDWH WKH WKLFNQHVV RI ZLUHV 7KLV ZLUH FRGH WDEOH ZLOO KHOS \RX XQGHUVWDQG :,5,1* ',$*5$06 ([DPSOH :% LQGLFDWHV D FDEOH KDYLQJ D QRPLQDO QXPEHU DQG ZKLWH FRDWLQJ ZLWK EODFN VWULSH &/$66,),&$7,21 %< 7+,&.1(66 &RSSHU ZLUH &DEOH 2 ' PP

&XUUHQW UDWLQJ $

$SSOLFDEOH FLUFXLW

6WDUWLQJ OLJKWLQJ VLJQDO HWF

/LJKWLQJ VLJQDO HWF

&KDUJLQJ DQG VLJQDO

6WDUWLQJ *ORZ SOXJ

6WDUWLQJ

6WDUWLQJ

6WDUWLQJ

1RUPLQDO QXPEHU

1XPEHU RI VWUDQGV

'LD RI VWUDQGV PP

&URVV VHFWLRQ PP

&/$66,),&$7,21 %< &2/25 $1' &2'( &LUFXLWV 3ULRUL W\ &ODVVL ILFDWLRQ

3UL PDU\

$X[L OLDU\

&KDUJLQJ

*URXQG

6WDUWLQJ

/LJKWLQJ

,QVWUXPHQW

6LJQDO

2WKHU

&RGH

:

%

%

5

<

*

/

&RORU

:KLWH

%ODFN

%ODFN

5HG

<HOORZ

*UHHQ

%OXH

&RGH

:5

Â¥

%:

5:

<5

*:

/:

&RORU :KLWH 5HG

Â¥

&RGH

Â¥

:%

&RORU :KLWH %ODFN

Â¥

&RGH

Â¥

:/

:KLWH %ODFN 5HG :KLWH 5HOORZ 5HG *UHHQ :KLWH %OXH :KLWH %<

<%

*5

/5

%ODFN <HOORZ 5HG %ODFN <HOORZ %ODFN *UHHQ 5HG %OXH <HOORZ %5

&RORU :KLWH %OXH

Â¥

&RGH

Â¥

Â¥

&RORU :KLWH *UHHQ

Â¥

Â¥

&RGH

Â¥

Â¥

Â¥

&RORU

Â¥

Â¥

Â¥

:*

5%

5<

%ODFN 5HG 5HG <HOORZ 5*

<*

*<

/<

<HOORZ *UHHQ

*UHHQ <HOORZ

%OXH <HOORZ

</

*%

/%

5HG *UHHQ <HOORZ %OXH *UHHQ %ODFN %OXH %ODFN 5/

<:

*/

5HG %OXH <HOORZ :KLWH *UHHQ %OXH

¥ ¥


)25(:25'

&219(56,21 7$%/(

&219(56,21 7$%/( 0(7+2' 2) 86,1* 7+( &219(56,21 7$%/( 7KH &RQYHUVLRQ 7DEOH LQ WKLV VHFWLRQ LV SURYLGHG WR HQDEOH VLPSOH FRQYHUVLRQ RI ILJXUHV )RU GHWDLOV RI WKH PHWKRG RI XVLQJ WKH &RQYHUVLRQ 7DEOH VHH WKH H[DPSOH JLYHQ EHORZ

(;$03/( ‡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

0LOOLPHWHUV WR LQFKHV

%

PP LQ

$

&


)25(:25'

&219(56,21 7$%/(

0LOOLPHWHUV WR ,QFKHV

PP LQ

.LORJUDP WR 3RXQG

NJ OE


)25(:25'

&219(56,21 7$%/(

/LWHU WR 8 6 *DOORQ

O 8 6 *DO

/LWHU WR 8 . *DOORQ

O 8 . *DO


)25(:25'

&219(56,21 7$%/(

NJP WR IW OE

NJP IW OE


)25(:25'

&219(56,21 7$%/(

NJ FP WR OE LQ

NJ FP OE LQ


)25(:25'

&219(56,21 7$%/(

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ƒ& ƒ)

ƒ&

ƒ)

ƒ&

ƒ)

ƒ&

ƒ)

ƒ&

ƒ)

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

¤

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤


)25(:25'

81,76 ,Q WKLV PDQXDO WKH PHDVXULQJ XQLWV DUH LQGLFDWHG ZLWK ,QWHUQDWLQDO 6\VWHP RI XQLWV 6, $V IRU UHIHUHQFH FRQYHQWLRQDOO\ XVHG *UDYLWDWLRQDO 6\VWHP RI XQLWV DUH LQGLFDWHG LQ SDUHQWKHVHV ^ ` ([DPSOH 1 ^NJ` 1P ^NJP` 03D ^NJ FP ` N3D ^PP+ 2` N3D ^PP+J` N: USP ^+3 USP` J N:K ^J +3K`

81,76


)25(:25'

:(,*+7 7$%/(

:(,*+7 7$%/( N 7KLV ZHLJKW WDEOH LV D JXLGH IRU XVH ZKHQ WUDQVSRUWLQJ RU KDQGOLQJ FRPSRQHQWV 8QLW NJ (QJLQH DVVHPEO\

+\GUDXOLF DQG VWHHULQJ SXPS

5DGLDWRU DVVHPEO\

+\GUDXOLF FRQWURO YDOYH

7RUTXH FRQYHUWHU DVVHPEO\

'XPS F\OLQGHU DVVHPEO\ SLHFH

7UDQVPLVVLRQ ZLWK WRUTXH FRQYHUWHU

(QJLQH IRRG

&HQWHU GULYH VKDIW

)URQW IUDPH ZLWKRXW DFFHVVRU\

)URQW GULYH VKDIW

5HDU IUDPH ZLWKRXW DFFHVVRU\

5HDU GULYH VKDIW

%XFNHW OHYHU DVVHPEO\

)URQW D[OH DVVHPEO\ GU\

%XFNHW OLQN

5HDU D[OH DVVHPEO\ GU\

/LIW DUP ZLWK EXVKLQJ

5HDU D[OH SLYRW

%XFNHW ZLWK WHHWK

SLHFH

SLHFH

[ 35

)XHO WDQN HPSW\

[ 35

%DWWHU\ ZHW SLHFH

6WHHULQJ YDOYH RUELWURO

5236 FDE

6WHHULQJ F\OLQGHU

)ORRU ERDUG

3RZHU PDVWHU F\OLQGHU

2SHUDWRU VHDW DVVHPEO\

+\GUDXOLF WDQN GU\

/LIW F\OLQGHU DVVHPEO\ SLHFH

:KHHO

7LUH

&RXQWHUZHLJKW

2XWVLGH

,QVLGH


)25(:25'

:(,*+7 7$%/(

8QLW NJ 0DFKLQH 0RGHO 6HULDO 1R

:$ ¤

DQG XS

+\GUDXOLF DQG VWHHULQJ SXPS

+\GUDXOLF FRQWURO YDOYH

'XPS F\OLQGHU DVVHPEO\ SLHFH

(QJLQH IRRG

)URQW IUDPH ZLWKRXW DFFHVVRU\

5HDU IUDPH ZLWKRXW DFFHVVRU\

%XFNHW OHYHU DVVHPEO\

%XFNHW OLQN

/LIW DUP ZLWK EXVKLQJ

%XFNHW ZLWK WHHWK

2XWVLGH

,QVLGH

&RXQWHUZHLJKW

¤

)XHO WDQN HPSW\

%DWWHU\ ZHW SLHFH

5236 FDE

)ORRU ERDUG

2SHUDWRU VHDW DVVHPEO\


)25(:25'

7$%/( 2) 2,/ $1' &22/$17 48$17,7,(6

7$%/( 2) 2,/ $1' &22/$17 48$17,7,(6 3523(5 6(/(&7,21 2) )8(/ &22/$17 $1' /8%5,&$176

5(6(592,5

.,1' 2) )/8,'

$0%,(17 7(03(5$785( ¤ ¤

¤ ¤

¤

°) °&

&$3$&,7< O

6SHFLILHG

5HILOO

6$( 6$( :

(QJLQH RLO SDQ

6$( : 6$( : (QJLQH RLO

6$( :

%UDNH

6$( :

7UDQVPLVVLRQ FDVH

6$( :

+\GUDXOLF V\VWHP

6$( :

6HH 127(

HDFK

HDFK

Â¥

$[OH )URQW DQG UHDU

)XHO WDQN

'LHVHO IXHO

&RROLQJ V\VWHP

&RRODQW

$670 ' 1R

$670 ' 1R $GG DQWLIUHH]H

D

D


6$)(7<

7$%/( 2) 2,/ $1' &22/$17 48$17,7,(6

D )RU VDQG\ DUHD VSHF $670 $PHULFDQ 6RFLHW\ RI 7HVWLQJ DQG 0DWHULDO 6$( 6RFLHW\ RI $XWRPRWLYH (QJLQHHUV $3, $PHULFDQ 3HWUROHXP ,QVWLWXWH 6SHFLILHG FDSDFLW\ 7RWDO DPRXQW RI RLO LQFOXGLQJ RLO IRU FRPSRQHQWV DQG RLO LQ SLSLQJ 5HILOO FDSDFLW\ $PRXQW RI RLO QHHGHG WR UHILOO V\VWHP GXULQJ QRUPDO LQVSHFWLRQ DQG PDLQWHQDQFH

127( :KHQ IXHO VXOSKXU FRQWHQW LV OHVV WKDQ FKDQJH RLO LQ WKH RLO SDQ HYHU\ SHULRGLF PDLQWH QDQFH KRXUV GHVFULEHG LQ WKLV PDQXDO &KDQJH RLO DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH IROORZLQJ WDEOH LI IXHO VXOSKXU FRQWHQW LV DERYH )XHO VXOSKXU FRQWHQW

&KDQJH LQWHUYDO RI RLO LQ HQJLQH RLO SDQ

WR

RI UHJXODU LQWHUQDO

$ERYH

RI UHJXODU LQWHUQDO

:KHQ VWDUWLQJ WKH HQJLQH LQ DQ DWPRVSKHULF WHP SHUDWXUH RI ORZHU WKDQ ƒ& EH VXUH WR XVH HQ JLQH RLO RI 6$( : 6$( : DQG 6$( : HYHQ WKRXJK DQ DWPRVSKHULF WHPSHUDWXUH JRHV XS WR ƒ& PRUH RU OHVV LQ WKH GD\ WLPH 8VH $3, FODVVLILFDWLRQ &' DV HQJLQH RLO DQG LI $3, FODVVLILFDWLRQ && UHGXFH WKH HQJLQH RLO FKDQJH LQWHUYDO WR KDOI )RU D[OH RLO XVH RQO\ UHFRPPHQGHG RLO DV IRO ORZV 6+(// '21$; 77 RU 7' &$/7(; 530 75$&725 +<'5$8/,& )/8,' &+(9521 75$&725 +<'5$8/,& )/8,' 7(;$&2 7'+ 2,/ 02%,/ 02%,/$1' 683(5 81,9(56$/ D ,W LV SRVVLEOH WR VXEVWLWXWH HQJLQH RLO &/$66 &' 6$( IRU D[OH RLO ,I QRLVH FRPHV IURP WKH EUDNH LW LV QR SUREOHP RI GXUDELOLW\
























Thank you very much for your reading. Please Click Here Then Get More Information.


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.