Preface
This Repair Manual is designed to facilitate repair of the engines listed in line with accepted technical principles. In addition to this Repair Manual the following publications are available: D Operating Instructions D Fuels, Lubricants and Coolants for MAN Diesel Engines D Spare-parts catalogue D Service record book with maintenance plan Note: Only use fuels, lubricants etc. in accordance with MAN’s regulations. Otherwise the manufacturer’s liability for defects will not apply! For basic information on the fuels see the publication “Fuels, Lubricants and Coolants for MAN Diesel Engines”. You can find the approved products on the Internet at: −http://www.man-mn.com/ " Products & Solutions " E-Business− The pictures and associated descriptions show typical work that may not always be applicable to the engine in hand, which nevertheless does not mean that they are not correct. In such cases, the repair work is to be planned and carried out in a similar way. It is compulsory that the engine be removed before performing any of the work describe in this Repair Manual. The expert knowledge necessary for handling Diesel engines was taken for granted when this publication was compiled. Any repair of components such as injection pump, alternator etc. ought to be left to our or the manufacturer’s service department.
Best regards MAN Nutzfahrzeuge Aktiengesellschaft Nuremberg Plant We reserve the right to make technical modifications in the course of further development.
© 2006 MAN Nutzfahrzeuge Aktiengesellschaft Reprinting, duplication or translation, in whole or in part, is not permitted without the written permission of MAN. MAN reserves all rights accorded by the relevant laws on copyright. MTDB
Technical status: 01.2006
1
51.99598−8171
Instructions
Important instructions which concern technical safety and protection of persons are emphasised as shown below. Danger: This refers to working and operating procedures which must be complied with in order to rule out the risk to persons. Caution: This refers to working and operating procedures which must be complied with in order to prevent damage to or destruction of material. Note: Explanatory descriptions which help in understanding the relevant work or operating procedure to be carried out.
Fitting flat seals / gaskets Flat seals / gaskets are often inserted with sealing agents or adhesives to make fitting them easier or to achieve better sealing. Flat seals may slip in operation due to the “sewing-machine� effect, in particular if they are used between parts with different rates of linear expansion under heat (e.g. aluminium and cast iron), and leaks may then occur. Example: The cap of the front crankshaft seal. If a sealing agent or an adhesive is used here the flat seal will move inwards in the course of time as a result of the different expansion rates of the materials. Oil will be lost, for which the shaft seal may be thought to be responsible. Flat seals / gaskets can be fitted properly only if the following points are observed: D Use only genuine MAN seals / gaskets D The sealing faces must be undamaged and clean D Do not use any sealing agent or adhesive − as an aid to fitting the seals a little grease can be used if necessary so that the seal will stick to the part to be fitted D Tighten bolts evenly to the specified torque
Fitting round sealing rings D Use only genuine MAN round sealing rings D The sealing faces must be undamaged and clean D Always wet round sealing rings with engine oil before fitting them
2
Instruction
Masking of fuel and lube oil pipe connections (for classified engines only) The unions of pressurised oil and fuel pipes are masked with a protective tape. If this tape is removed during a repair, the unions must be masked with protective tape again afterwards. The following pipes are affected: − Oil supply pipe to turbochargers − Fuel pipes between supply pump, filter and injection pump − Injection pipes protected against leaks
1
Fig. 1 A protective tape is wound around the unions. Ensure that there is 50 % overlap on every pass.
Figs. 2−4 The unions to be masked must be clean and free of oil and grease. Do not apply the protective tape unless this is the case
2
3
4
3
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Engine type classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Safety regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Troubleshooting table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General notes on engine overhaul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commissioning after engine overhaul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Engine views D 2842 LE 301 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Engine lubrication schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schematic diagram of cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 2 6 7 11 15 16 18 20 22 23
Fuel system Checking and adjusting start of fuel delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing injection pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing fuel injectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Checking and repairing fuel injectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel prefilter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and attaching fuel filter, exchanging filter cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24 27 31 33 36 37
Cooling system Draining and filling coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing thermostats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing coolant pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repairing coolant pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cleaning cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing heat exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing pipe cluster for heat exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Checking and repairing pipe cluster for heat exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cleaning heat exchanger pipe cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disassembling and assembling seawater pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39 42 43 45 50 52 54 57 59 60
Lubrication Changing oil filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing the oil cooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing, repairing 2-gear-oil pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing, repairing 3−gear−oil pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oil injection nozzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61 62 64 67 71
Flywheel / Crankshaft seal Removing and fitting vibration damper, Replacing front crankshaft gasket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing flywheel, Replacing starter gear ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Replacing crankshaft seal (flywheel end) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Replacing the bearing race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crankshaft seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73 77 79 80 81
Intake / exhaust system Removing and installing intake pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing exhaust pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Turbocharger, troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing turbocharger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measuring axial / radial clearance of turbocharger shaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charge pressure control valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing intercooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82 83 85 87 89 90 91
Cylinder head Removing and installing cylinder head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setting valve clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93 98
4
Contents
Cylinder head Removing and installing rocker arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing valve guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Replacing valve seat insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reworking valve seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refacing valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Checking compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100 101 104 105 107 110 111
Valve timing Removing and installing the timing case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing camshaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Checking the valve timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
112 114 117
Crankgear, pistons Removing and installing crankshaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing pistons with conrods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing pistons from conrod and fitting, checking − replacing conrod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing piston rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Replacing cylinder liners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measuring piston protrusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
118 121 124 126 128 132
Attachments Removing and installing starter motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and attaching alternator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing power take-off for hydraulic pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electronic speed control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Troubleshooting with GAC governor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and installing speed pickup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
133 134 136 140 142 145 147
Service Data Engine D 2840 LE 301 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Engine D 2842 LE 301 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crankcase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cylinder liner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crankshaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flywheel and starter gear ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conrods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conrod bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pistons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cylinder head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cylinder head bolts (6kt- oder Torx-Kopf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valve springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valve gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Camshaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valve timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Engine lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Starter motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power take-off for hydraulic pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Torque guide values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
150 151 152 152 153 156 157 157 158 159 160 160 161 162 163 164 166 168 169 169 170
Special tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
177
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
189
5
Engine type classification
All the engines dealt with here are related in terms of their design and make up a family.
The type classification, which is made up of a series of letters and numbers, reveals some of the features of the engine in question provided the reader is familiar with the underlying nomenclature.
The system is explained below using the model type D 2840 LE 301 as an example: D
The “D” at the start of the type classification stands for “Diesel”
28
The numbers “28” indicates that the power plant in question has a bore of 128 mm
4
The “4” means 142 mm stroke
0
The “0” indicates that there are 10 cylinders. If there is a “2”, this is a 12-cylinder engine
L
This letter stands for “charge-air cooling” (German: Ladeluftkühlung)
E
The “E” stands for “fitted engine” (German: Einbaumotor) and is intended to distinguish MAN vehicle engines
301
This is a factory-internal development number
6
Safety regulations
General notes This summary is a compilation of the most important regulations. These are broken down into main sections which contain the information necessary for preventing injury to persons, damage to property and pollution. Additional information can be found in the operating instructions of the engine. Important: Should an accident occur despite all precautionary measures, particularly one involving contact with corrosive acid, penetration of fuel under the skin, scalding by hot oil, antifreeze splashing into the eyes etc. you must seek medical assistance immediately.
1. Regulations designed to prevent accidents with injury to persons Checks, setting jobs and repair work must be carried out by authorised skilled personnel only. D During installation work, switch off the battery master switch.
D When carrying out maintenance and repair work, ensure that the engine cannot be accidentally started from the bridge by unauthorised persons. D The engine must be started and operated only by authorized personnel. D When the engine is running, do not get too close to the rotating parts. Wear close−fitting working clothes
D Do not touch hot engine with bare hands: Risk of burns.
D Keep area surrounding engine, ladders and stairways free of oil and grease. Accidents caused by slipping can have serious consequences D Only work with tools that are in perfect working order. Worn spanners/wrenches slip: Danger of injury. D Persons must not stand under an engine suspended on a crane hook. Keep lifting gear in order.
D Open the coolant circuit only when the engine has cooled down. If opening the coolant circuit while the engine is hot is unavoidable, observe the instructions in the chapter ”Maintenance and care” in the Operator’s Manual. D Neither tighten up nor open pipes and hoses (lube oil circuit, coolant circuit and any additional hydraulic oil circuit) during the operation. The fluids which flow out can cause injury.
7
ËË ËË
Safety regulations
D When working on the electrical system, first disconnect the earth cable of the battery and reconnect this last to prevent short circuits.
D Comply with the manufacturer’s instructions when handling batteries. Caution: Accumulator acid is toxic and caustic. Battery gases are explosive. D When performing welding work, observe the “Notes for welders”.
2. Regulations designed to prevent damage to engine and premature wear D Prior to repairing the engine, clean it thoroughly. Ensure that dirt, sand or foreign matter will not get into the engine during repair work. D If engine operation is disrupted, immediately determine the cause and have it remedied to prevent additional damage. D Always use genuine MAN parts only. Installation of ”equally” good parts from other suppliers may cause severe damage for which the workshop carrying out the work is responsible. D Never allow the engine to run dry, i.e. without lubricant or coolant. Appropriate notices must be attached to engines that are not ready for operation. D Today modern components of diesel injection consist of high−precision parts which are exposed to extreme stresses. The high−precision technology requires the utmost cleanliness during all work on the fuel system. Even a particle of dirt over 0.2 mm can lead to the failure of components. D Use only MAN−approved service products (fuel, engine oil, anti−freeze and anti−corrosion agent). Pay attention to cleanliness. Diesel fuel must be free of water. D Do not add so much engine oil that the oil level rises above the max. marking on the dipstick. Do not exceed the maximum permissible tilt of the engine. Serious damage to the engine may result if these instructions are not adhered to. D Control and monitoring devices (charge control, oil pressure, coolant temperature) must be in perfect working order. D Observe the instructions for operating the alternator; see chapter ”Maintenance and care” in the Operator’s Manual.
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Safety regulations
3. Regulations designed to prevent pollution Engine oil and filter elements / cartridges, fuel / fuel filter D Hand old oil over to old oil disposal companies only. D Take strict precautions to ensure that no oil or Diesel fuel gets into the drains or the ground. Caution: Risk of contamination of potable water. D Filter elements are classed as dangerous waste and must be treated as such. Coolants D Treat undiluted anti−corrosion agent and / or anti−freeze as dangerous waste. D The regulations of the respective local authorities must be observed when used coolant is disposed of.
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Safety regulations
4. Notes on safety in handling used engine oil ∗ Prolonged or repeated contact between the skin and any kind of engine oil decreases the skin. Drying, irritation or inflammation of the skin may therefore occur. Used engine oil also contains dangerous substances which have caused skin cancer in animal experiments. If the basic rules of hygiene and health and safety at work are observed, health risks are not to the expected as a result of handling used engine oil. Health precautions: D Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact with used engine oil. D Protect your skin by means of suitable agents (creams etc.) or wear protective gloves. D Clean skin which has been in contact with engine oil. − Wash thoroughly with soap and water. A nailbrush is an effective aid. − Certain products make it easier to clean your hands. − Do not use petrol, Diesel fuel, gas oil, thinners or solvents as washing agents. D After washing apply a fatty skin cream to the skin. D Change oil-soaked clothing and shoes. D Do not put oily rags into your pockets. Ensure that used engine oil is disposed of in the appropriate manner. − Engine oil can endanger the water supply − For this reason do not let engine oil get into the ground, waterways, the drains or the sewers. Violations are punishable. Collect and dispose of used engine oil carefully. For information on collection points please contact the seller, the supplier or the local authorities. ∗ Based on “Information sheet for handling used engine oil”.
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Fault table
Operating faults and possible causes
We recommend A repair is only complete when both the damage that occurred and the possible causes have been eliminated. Finding out the cause of damage is often more difficult than repairing the damage that occurred. We therefore recommend that you obtain a precise description of the operating fault before “removing and dismantling” components. Then use a process of elimination (questions) to pinpoint the probable causes and investigate and eliminate these successively on the basis of the table and your own experience. This helps to reduce repairs to the required scale and to counteract claims regarding “over-eager” replacement of parts and complaints about expensive work and down time.
Note: The following list is conceived as an aid to memory for experts so that to causes of damage are overlooked when dealing with faults. The precondition for this, however, is that the experts are familiar with the Repair Manual for the engine as well as the accompanying Operating Instructions and the publication “Fuels, Lubricants and Coolants for MAN Diesel Engines”.
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Troubleshooting table
1. 2.
Starter turns over engine only slowly or not at all Starter turns, engine does not start, engine does not start / difficult to start when cold 3. Engine stalls (dies) during operation, no longer starts (starter turns), engine does not start / starts with difficulty when hot 4. 5.
Sudden, temporary engine shutdown, engine does not reach full revs Engine only runs at idle speed, no throttle response 6. Engine only runs at increased idle speed, no throttle response 7. Rated engine speed distinctly reduced (even under no load) 8. Reduced output in all ranges 9. Irregular engine operation, traction loss 10. Unstable idle speed, engine hunting, misfiring, knocking in engine 11. Engine judder 12. Unusual combustion noise 13. Excessive smoke emission: White smoke / blue smoke 14. Excessive smoke emission: Black smoke 15. Engine temperature too high (coolant loss) 16. Intermediate speed control cannot be activated / does not switch off; engine running at an excessively high speed 17. Fuel consumption too high 18. Lubricating oil pressure too low 19. Lubricating oil pressure too high 20. Lubricating oil consumption too high 21. Engine too “loud” / mechanical noise Possible causes Batteries discharged, battery lead connections loose or corroded, break in power circuit Crank gear blocked Starter solenoid switch sticks (clicks) / defective, cable connection loose or damaged
x x x x x x x
Starter / starter interlock relay defective (carbon brushes worked loose / worn, winding defective, short to ground)
x
x x x
Engine oil viscosity unsuitable, not suitable for ambient temperature, lubricating oil quality does not correspond to specifications
x
Oil level in sump too high Oil level in sump too low, oil in sump too thin (mixed with condensate or fuel) Engine temperature too high Oil filter clogged Oil pressure gauge defective Safety valve in oil circuit defective (does not close, spring fatigued or broken) x Bearing wear Oil pump gears worn x Crankshaft timing gears worn, tooth flank backlash too great Engine cold Lubricating oil entering combustion chamber (piston rings worn, piston rings broken) − valve stem guide worn − overpressure in crankcase (crankcase vent clogged)
x x x x x x x x x x
x x
x
x x x x x x x
x
x o
x x x x
x x
x x
x
x x x x
x x
x x x
x x x
Relief valve in oil circuit defective (does not open), oil lines / oil galleries clogged Leaks in lubricating oil circuit, particularly at turbocharger and oil cooler Piston rings heavily worn, broken x Piston pin or crankshaft bearing loose x Valve stems worn, bent x Valve clearance not correct Valves jam Compression deficient, or more than 3−4 bar pressure difference between individual cylinders x x
x x
x
Valve seats leaking Increased power intake due to defective secondary consumers such as hydraulic pumps, fan etc., power take-off engaged x Air cleaner soiled or clogged, turbo air system leaking, air inlet / exhaust line clogged / leaking
x
x
Fuel low pressure system: Fuel tank, prefilter, water trap faulty / clogged / mould / fungal attack, fuel unsuitable / contaminated (paraffin added)
x
x
Fuel low pressure system: Fuel lines leaking, broken, clogged
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Troubleshooting table
1. 2.
Starter turns over engine only slowly or not at all Starter turns, engine does not start, engine does not start / difficult to start when cold 3. Engine stalls (dies) during operation, no longer starts (starter turns), engine does not start / starts with difficulty when hot 4. 5.
x x x x x x x x
o o
Sudden, temporary engine shutdown, engine does not reach full revs Engine only runs at idle speed, no throttle response 6. Engine only runs at increased idle speed, no throttle response 7. Rated engine speed distinctly reduced (even under no load) 8. Reduced output in all ranges 9. Irregular engine operation, traction loss 10. Unstable idle speed, engine hunting, misfiring, knocking in engine 11. Engine judder 12. Unusual combustion noise 13. Excessive smoke emission: White smoke / blue smoke 14. Excessive smoke emission: Black smoke 15. Engine temperature too high (coolant loss) 16. Intermediate speed control cannot be activated / does not switch off; engine running at an excessively high speed 17. Fuel consumption too high 18. Lubricating oil pressure too low 19. Lubricating oil pressure too high 20. Lubricating oil consumption too high 21. Engine too “loud� / mechanical noise Possible causes Fuel low pressure system: Air in system (turn on ignition when bleeding system) x Fuel low pressure system: Fuel pump, overflow valve, main filter x Fuel high pressure system: Jets defective / clogged / leaking / coked o Fuel high pressure system: Pressure lines − constriction, cavitation, leaking o Fuel high pressure system: Injection pump worn / set incorrectly o Fuel high pressure system: Injection pump constant-pressure control valve / return flow restrictor defective
x x x x x x x x x x x x x o x x x x x x o x x x x o x o o
x
x
x
x x x
o x x
x
o o x x
x
x x
x x x x x x x x
Injection pump-engine allocation: Start of delivery incorrect (basic installation), start of delivery set incorrectly Both rpm sensors defective, line defective Exhaust turbocharger leaking or defective x Turbine and compressor rotor in turbocharger dirty (out-of-balance, irregular running) Intercooler leaking, defective Flame starter defective Radiator dirty or failure of cooling system (temperatures too high) Coolant level too low, air in coolant circuit V-belt for water pump drive not tensioned correctly x Incorrect V-belt tension Water pump leaking, defective / Thermostat defective, does not open Coolant lines leaking, clogged or twisted Coolant entering combustion chamber (cylinder head / gasket leaking) Engine bearings worn
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Notes
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General notes on engine overhaul
The service life of an engine is influenced by very different factors. It is therefore not possible to specify certain fixed numbers of operating hours for general overhauls. In our view, it is not necessary to open up and engine or perform a general overhaul as long as the engine has good compression values and the following operating values have not changed significantly in relation to the values measured on commissioning the engine: D Charging pressure D Exhaust temperature D Coolant and lubricant temperature D Oil pressure and oil consumption D Smoke emissions The following criteria greatly influence the length of the engine service life: D Correct power output setting according to the type of application D Technically correct installation D Inspection if installation by authorised personnel D Regular maintenance as per maintenance plan D Choice and quality of lube oil, fuel and coolant in accordance with the publication “Fuels, Lubricants and Coolants for MAN Diesel Engines�
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Commissioning after engine overhaul
Pressurisation It is extremely important for internal combustion engines (following the completion of repair work, i.e. in their dry state) to be pressurised with lube oil before being recommissioned. This procedure can also be used for ascertaining damage and its causes. If engines are not pressurised, the risk of premature damage to bearing surfaces is very high because it takes a relatively long period of time for the lube oil drawn in from the oil pan via the oil pump to reach the individual bearings. Such incipient damage need not necessarily lead to immediate bearing failure, but may impair the proper functioning of the bearings and reduce their service lives.
Diagram of the oil flow with unpressurised engines
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Commissioning after engine overhaul
Pressurising an engine affords the following advantages: D All engine parts are lubricated before engine startup; a lubricating film can be built up inside the bearings as early as after the first few rotations of the crankshaft, thereby preventing damage to the bearing races D Any loss of oil, be it the result of excessively large bearing play or leaks from the crankcase or from crankcase bores which may not be plugged, can be detected immediately. For this purpose, mount the engine on an assembly dolly, remove the oil pan and install a suitable oil collector under the crankcase in such a way that the bearings are visible
Performance of pressurisation: At least 30% of the total oil quantity is forced from the pressurisation container into the engine oil circuit. The operating pressure serves as the yardstick for the pressure to be forced in and must not be exceeded. The pressurisation container is connected up to the engine oil circuit at the oil filter (screw plug).
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Engine views
Engine views D 2842 LE 301 1
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11 7
18
6
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6
17
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