How I Research by 1800998

What Is Research? 1800998 Alice MacNicen

Contents How I research and self analysis..........4 Typeface Experiments.........................26 Infographic design...........................34 Design Field Research.......................64 Broadsheet design............................72 Sketchbook Design...........................118 Reflection....................................120 Bibliography..................................124

What Is Research Breif Deliverables A2 Double Sided Broadsheet Design Journal / Sketchbook Bound Design Journal A1 Students will apply graphic design principles to demonstrate the ability to communicate over multiple linked creative outcomes. A2 Students will research and examine information as a base from which to formulate and communicate messages. A3 Students will develop the ability to produce visual communication strategies as a vehicle for the exchange of information or ideas. A4 Students will engage with specific specialist areas of graphic

design practice to produce targeted and specific creative outcomes in line with academic and career development. LO1 Apply guiding principles across a range of associated media to produce a narrative for communication. LO2 Utilise research and information gathering skills and apply the findings. LO3 Illustrate the communication of information across a range of outcomes. LO4 To explore a variety of specialist ways of working and produce work accordingly.

Produce a printed broadsheet that communicates the importance of research in relation to Graphic Design and your own working practice. You are required to research and analyse the following themes: • What is research and research methods • Self analysis; the ways in which you work, think and evolve as a creative practitioner • Models of working practice • The relationship between research and graphic practice Modernism / Postmodernism

your findings to the analysis of one of the design eras Requirements • Your outcome must be a double sided broadsheet publication minimum size A2. • Format and folding technique are at your discretion. • You must write a minimum 300 words of ‘original’ copy for your publication. • Your rationale et al must be integral to the design. • You are only allowed to use black white plus one other colour.

In addition, investigate and report on your personal working process then apply

Research Words

Primary

Background

Secondary

Context

Library

Investergate

Online

Sugar

Books

Crisps

Thesis

Piano

Journals

Safari

Websites

Chrome

Credited

Apple

Mind Map

Tea

Planning

Audio

Laptop

Notes

Coffee

Ben Platt

Internet

Booths

Copying

Headphones

Printed

Beats

Highlight

Microsoft

Anotate

Cataloge

Bedroom

Author

Home

Catagorise

Livingroom

Research

Classroom

Outcome

Night

Quotes

Lists

Facts

Music

History

28/02/2020 Notes What I need: A2 board sheet Design journal / sketchbook Need to reproduce sketch book but smarter like dissertation Show all workshops and tutorials in sketch book Research editorial layouts Double sided a2 board sheet to show our research methods that folds Needs min 300 words on the sheet from design journal Only use black white and one colour Have topic categories Use quote on a panel Bibliography as part of the poster Primary and secondary images Maybe use infographic? Think of interesting ways to fold

Design journal: Everything collected before I do poster Image heavy Different type of working practice Relationship between research and design practice Maybe do sketchbook digitally to start with Min A5 for design journal Do/show practice layouts Infographic: Analysing how I research now How much time do I spend on research What quantity of different research do I do (artist, websites, printing) How to visually represent all of this When do you start research? Before or after designing?

Self Analysis How important is research in your work?

What does your research process look like?

It’s very important to me. I find I often get lost and confused about what to do if I don’t have something to point me in a direction or to guide me.

First I go through the brief and break it down into categories, and then I start to break down any ideas I get from looking at those different categories. Once I’ve found my key categories I break them down into lists of my own thoughts and what I can think of before I start my research so that I know what I’m initially interested in.

What ways do you research? For primary research at the start of a project I’ll use mind maps, mood boards, lists, and small sketches to help me understand what I need to do. After that I mainly use online resources such artist websites, video interviews, or official biography articles from museums and newspapers.

For the secondary research I first look for any keywords that I previously thought of and see what results come up. After I’ve done some baseline research I try and find designers in the field That I’m looking at by using google images and

finding a design I like and then looking into the designer. Once I’ve found a designer I try to see if there’s any books in the library by them and their website to find out more about their work, how they create it, and who influenced them. While I’m doing my research I Print out any useful information and go back and annotate anything I think could be useful to reference in the future. I also find it easier to read large bodies of text when it’s printed rather than on a screen. While going through the project I will also do mood boards to help me visualise what colours, styles, and themes I like and want to use in

my work. This is really helpful as it’s a place I will always reference back to if I’m feeling lost. What’s the most important part of your research process? The most important part of my research is anything that is directly from a designer I’m researching, and annotating my research because it helps me fully understand what I need to do. What’s key for you to work? I need a quiet place which I can concentrate on what I’m doing, and also have access to things like a hot drink or food which make me feel more comfortable. I also like to listen to music or podcast’s as background noise

How long does researching a topic typically take? It usually takes me a few weeks to fully understand topics I’m researching, but I do keep doing bit’s of research throughout the whole design process if it get any new ideas or inspirations. Where do you find most of your research materials? I find the majority of them online because there’s a wider pool of information and the university library doesn’t always have information about specialised topics that I might be interested in.

I like my workspace to be somewhere familiar, where I know where everything whenever I need it. Because of this I prefer to work in places that I know and comfotable with. I also noise cancelling headphones to allow me to block out outside

noise, a hot drink (preferably coffee), and a large area for me to be able to spread my work out so that its visible and not feel like Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m trapped in one area. I have three main workspaces: my bedroom, my Livingroom, and the Studio.

I use my bedroom mainly for research and writing because I can be alone and concentrate without any outside interference.

I find that I do my best design work in the studio where I can ask questions and get feedback from a rage of different people with different design tastes.

I like to do more practical research and designing in the Livingroom because I Can get others opinions on what Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m doing.

How I Research Presentation For this presentation we had to display how we thought we researched, our workspace, and designers that have inspired us.

On this slide I showed the different ways that I research from moodboards, mind maps, and sketches and showed pages from my sketchbook.

On this slide a did a diagram listing and categorising the different ways that I research.

On this slide I showed the progress I had made on creating my infographic. My idea was the size of the circle would correlate to how much I used that medium and the other lapping showed which research methods I used in multiple things. On this slide I went through my workspace and the types of environments I like to be in to be able to concentrate.

I chose this quote because I felt like it perfectly summed up how research not only informs design, but also how it can help make the design better.

On this slide I showed my research cycle and how Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m always going back to the start to refresh my memory and find new and interesting things to research. 19

Herbert Bayere Presentation 15 designed slides that illustrate the presentation clearly Don’t use text 20 seconds for each slide 5 minutes total Add a bibliography / links for the stuff you researched at the end Look at the wider context Our designerherbert bayer Influences- studied as an architect MOMA American born Austria 1900 -1985 Architecture 1919 Darmstadt 21-23 enrolee at Bauhaus, Kadinsky murals and typo 1.This is the way recommended by reformers of lettering as our future letterform. cf. the book ‘sprache und shrift’ [speech and letterform] by dr. Postmann, union of German engineers publishers, berlin 1920.

2.In restricting ourselves to lowercase letters our

type loses nothing, but becomes more easily read, more easily learned, substantially more economic. 3.Why is there for one sound, for example a, two signs, A and a? One sound, one sign. Why two alphabets for one word, why double the number of signs, when half would achieve the same? documentary Herbert bayer the man behind the work; Direct quote The powers of course implanted in me, such a sense of duty we can say no to just go paint for my own pleasure but to devote myself to dealing with the different design problems of our time. Universal 1926 constructed of circles and straight lines off constant thickness on a grid of squares “Form follows function” New York exhibitions 1938-1939 Bauhaus

Exhibition “bauhaus 1919-1938” 1942 road to victory 1943 airways to peace Muller Brockmann said in print mag 1969 jan/feb

“Bayer’s sovereign and unerring sure use typographic means is amazing. He freed typefaces and composition from all picturesqueness and from the excessive use of typographic symbols.”

Slide 1: We were Herbert Bayer

Slide 2: -Herbert Bayer -Austrian designer, painter, architect

Slide 3: First made himself known at the bauhaus 1919 - 1923 Famous for geometric paintings, in accordance with the bauhaus principles He is a founding director of MoMA 1938 Worked under Kandinsky, clear signs of inspiration Slide 4: - He had an apprenticeship in architecture, which then influenced his later works with structure and strong angles - This helped towards his successful exhibitions as he had a interest and education in layouts and interior 21

Slide 5: - He used bauhaus principle (Form follows function) for a concert hall for the music associations of aspen in 1964.

Slide 6: -“The powers of course implanted in me, such a sense of duty we can say no to just go paint for my own pleasure but to devote myself to dealing with the different design problems of our time.” - Herbert Bayers Meaning his work was devoted to problem solving and not purely for pleasure. Slide 7: -He went against the traditional blackletter type at the bauhaus and instead design an alternative typeface known as universal type -“He freed typefaces and composition from all picturesqueness and from the excessive use of typographic symbols.” - Muller Brockmann

Slide 8: “The first use of the principle of enlarging field of vision and the technique of suspending photo panels on wires” Critics considered it a perfect representation of French luxury and German standardisation and efficiency.

Slide 9: The bauhaus was closed down due to the difficult political situation in Germany at the time. This evoked Bayer to put up an exhibition in New York that shows all the work that has been created by the students that were studying and working at the Bauhaus. Exampling the amazing and original ideas that were being formed and therefore the importance of the institute. Almost 700 individual pieces were presented. Slide 10: 30 years later there was a similar exhibition in Stuttgart that was celebrating 50 years since the founding of the Bauhaus and where Herbert Bayers work was involved immensely

Slide 11: Herbert Bayers next wellknown exhibition Was prominently a collection of war propaganda that was perceived as being an encouragement to American soldiers and how their participanc in the war was vital and they were indispensable. Slide 12: Another one of his successful exhibitions was on the evolution of aircraft. This piece looked into the development of aircrafts through time and how the more we advance in the field, the further we understand our world and the universe we live in.

Bitmap and Halftone Workshop Bitmap Make image grayscale Image, mode, bitmap Make 600 pixels Have to export as a bitmap file Place file in indesign The big arrow will change the background The little arrow will change the bitmap colour Open image in photoshop Make photo black and white (image, mode, grayscale) Adjust the black levels (image adjust, level Halftone use 600 pixels, 100 lines, 10â&#x20AC;&#x2122;, for perfect image quality

Duo Tone change image to grey scale try and get a high contrast Image, mode, duotone, Pick a pantone that matches your work

Bitmap

Half Tone

Duo Tone

Typeface Experiments IMB Plex Sans

Minton Pro

The quick brown

The quick brown fox

fox jumps over the

jumps over the lazy

lazy dog

dog

IMB Plex Serif

Interstate

The quick brown

fox jumps over

the lazy dog

IMB Plex Mono

Baskerville

The quick

The quick brown fox

brown fox

jumps over the lazy

jumps over the

dog

lazy dog

After looking at all of the typefaces I decided that I really liked the IMB Plex Mono because of how different it was from the other typefaces. I also thought it would be interesting to work with a more decorative oldfashioned typeface as I could do some interesting layouts and type designs. I also preferred it to the rest because I found it easier to read as the letters were mono spaces.

Body Copy 6pt

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

7pt The quick brown fox

jumps over the lazy dog

8pt The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 9pt The quick brown

fox jumps over the lazy dog

10pt

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

11pt

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

12pt

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Thin The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Light The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Regular The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Text The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

I chose to use pt as by body copy size because it was small enough that I could fit a lot of writing on one page but not too small that it was hard to read. Because of this small size I chose to use the text weight so that even which it was small it would still be easy to read.

Medium The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

SemiBold The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Bold The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Subheading 8pt Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

9pt Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Subhead

10pt Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Subhead

11pt Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Subhead

12pt Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Subhead

13pt

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Subhead

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 30

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Subhead Thin The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Subhead Light The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Subhead Regular The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

For the subheading I decided to go with pt for the size so that it looked similar to the body copy when they were next to each other without overpowering the text. To help establish some hierarchy I chose to make the subheadings red and have a medium weight so that it would stand out just enough for it to be noticeable.

Subhead Text The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Subhead Medium The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Subhead SemiBold The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Subhead Bold The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 31

Heading 15pt

Heading

Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 16pt

Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 17pt

Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 18pt

Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 32

Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Heading

Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Heading

Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Heading

Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

For the heading I decided that I wanted to make them very noticeable on the page and easy to point out. To do this I used the same red colour that I did for the subheading so that they would match, and I also made it 20pt. I did this to that you could clearly see what the heading was and very easily point it out. I also made it have a SemiBold weight so that it would be in proportion with itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s size

Heading

Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Heading

Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Heading

Subhead The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 33

Types of Infographics

Infographic Sketches

Knowlege is Beautiful By David

McCandless

Infographic Sketches

These sketches were inspired by infographics from a book called Knowledge is beautiful by David McCandless. After looking at these sketches I decided

that I really liked the interesting shape of the circle ven diagram design as it would allow me to be a bit more experimental. 41

17/03/20 last lecture Brittas Talk Might need to print online Might need to send pdf of my poster thing Use Blurb or solopress to print Think ab out ho w to use colour (b ack g r o u n d or highlights) Think about paper How is the book being bonded Need to get finished at least two weeks before for printing Think about how to fold poster Inside of poster have a design and outside have the information Think about clever for th at a r e nâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t generic Theme it on a road map if I look at wayfinding? To n a l sketch layouts

Vickys talk Make four mood b o a r ds (for th e poster Things I need to pick: Font family Colour palette Style of imagery Accents of design Illustration technique Background texture Layout Structure Folding technique At the end make a mood board collating all of these things Am I going to use a drop cap? Is there going to be a quote? Any infographics? How many? How much text? How many images? Moodboards: Broadsheet Page layout Format & folds Typography research For each board add thew reference of where it came from for each image

Golbal Pandemic During this project there was an outbreak of Coronavirus (Covid-19) in china the start of 2020. By the time that it git international news everyone thought it would stay in china and that we could all get on with our lives and work. However that wasn’t the case. As the weeks went on it became more apparent that it was migrating overseas but there was very little concern as the leader had promoted it as “just a flu” and that we shouldn’t panic, but it got to the point where the world was being infected at insanely scary rates and the deaths in the UK were going up. It got to the point where tutors were having meeting for emergency plans on what to do next and there were rumours that we would have to do video lessons but we didn’t

believe that we would do that. Oh how we were wrong. Within weeks of the meeting bottles of hand sanitiser were appearing on desks and students one by one were either going home or coming in but wearing a mask. This was all very unsettling, but we believed that this wouldn’t last very long and everyone were overreacting. We were getting daily updates from the welfare team about what could happen and within two weeks we had our last lecture and were told to do our work at home and thw whole of the UK were placed on lockdown. This brought on many complications including leaning how to use zoom, change of routine, and having to figure out how to do our work efficiently from home. This became complicated very quickly as the

lack of in person communication with tutors made it hard to know what we were doing was right and wrong at that moment, and not one week after completing it in a 30 min conversation. What was also quite different was the lack of opinions from my friends who usually are able to give advice within seconds and not waiting hours after sharing small photos of our work. This as well as the lack of library material made it difficult to do solid research, so I had to rely on more online sources that werenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t 100% credible. I really struggled with allocating my time on what I needed to do, and I really missed having people by my side giving me advise. Ways to make up for this were messaging my friends every day and seeing how they were doing with their project

and getting their advice. Another thing we did were group video calls so that we could show each other our work in full and get inspiration from what they had done. This worked to a degree but finishing this project was really difficult as I felt very lost and uninspired with no help and being stuck to working indoors. I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t realise till this how much I value physically going somewhere other than my home to do work and having people other than my family to talk to. During this same time my grandad was in and out of hospital with non covid medical reasons which was stressful and my cat also had to have lifesaving surgery which took up most of my time when he came home as I had to look after him all day and night.

Infographic Origional Idea

For my infographic my inspiration was from looking at different ven diagram infographics. The concept for this infographic Is that each colour circle relates to a way the I research, and the size of the circle relates to how important I think they are to my research process. I also decided to overlap certain circles that I thought I did together such as online and video, and books and printout and annotations. I really liked this concept because of how I thought it represented the ways that I like to research. One comment it got in a tutorial was that I could experiment with just having the circle lines and not filled circles, and also focus on black, white, and one colour.

Infographic Experimentation

For this idea I thought representing the my process as cogs to show how each type of research relates to moving forward to something else. I like this design but I feel like it’s quite clunky and doesn’t flow very well.

For this idea I used the same concept as the previous ven diagram but only using outlines and smaller circles to represent different topics. I really like this design and will take it forward.

For this design I wanted to experiment with a flow style infographic. I do like this one but I’m not sure if I will take this idea forward because it’s quite simple.w

1 5 14

6 2

14 12

Books

Online

11 18

moodboards

print out/ annotate

Print outs / Anotations 16 17

2322

15 Overlapping Topics

19 mind maps

Books Mind Maps Online

lists

Video Moodboards

12 11

Videos

Lists

1 2

designers books

Collect important pages that I want to reference late

4 5 6 7

Key Words

Historical context Collect general knowledge Museum catalogues

14 Find artists and designers 15 sub catagoriese my research/organsie 16 Collect my design ideas together 17 Organise thoughts and ideas 18 Help show what direction I should go in

collect interesting quotes

19 Visually show my thoughts/ideas 8 Help find new trends/ 20 inspiration 9 Collect important 21 Collect key words I websites for future already know to research reference 22 Organise my ideas before 10 Collect images I start research 11 documentaries 23 Condense my research so itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s easy to read 12 Interviews 13 Credited graphic design articles For this final infographic I made each topic circle a different shade of grey so that they were easily identifiable. I also coloured the circles depending on which circle It relates to and if those topics overlap different areas of research and all had corresponding numbers to a key.

I really liked this design however I was told in a tutorial that the key looked too busy and the whole infographic was a bit too difficult to understand without an explanation. Because of this I want to experiment with a previous idea of a flow diagram but using the same topics. 51

Redesigniong My Infographic

Books

25%

Online

25%

I decided to rework my infographic but still keeping the same concept. My first idea was having all of the circles lined up in height order with the percentages underneath of how much I used them. I did like this idea, but I thought it was a bit too simple.

Then I looked at a similar shape and outlines

Lists

20%

Moodboards Video Mind Maps

15%

10%

to the original infographic, but I realised this looked too similar and I would only run into the same problems that I had before. My other idea was to use a simple pie chart, but I found this quite dull and not very interesting to look at.

While investigating this and having a group tutorial someone looked at information design on Pinterest and infographic popped up that I really liked and reminded me of an old sketch I had done for my infographic ideas. The image that inspired me was by designer Mazakii called ‘Evolution Of Business And The Cloud Timeline

Infographic Example’. I really liked how it flowed and used larger circles and colour changes to show different areas in the infographic. For my initial idea I had the flow the it going vertical which I didn’t like very much because it was too long and looked quite bland.

Because I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t like how the original one flowed I thought about having go down in a rectangle or having it snake around in a rectangle which I thought looked a lot better.

I then made the transition lines a thicker stroke and make the outlines of the circles red so that they would stand out more and make it more obvious when the subject would change.

Video Online

Books

Annotate / Print out Moodboards

List

Mind Map 56

To represent the different sections of the infographic with images rather than words. I decided to do this because in my previous infographic was a bit too crowded and by using images it would make it neater and also more accessible to more people to understand. For the subject designs I decided to keep them as simple as possible and just use black lines. I did this so that no matter what size it was you could understand what it was meant to be, and so that the style would suit the rest of the infographic. I chose Icons that could be easily recognisable such as the cover and spine of a book, laptop for online, and a video camera for video.

Organise thoughts and ideas

Collect key words

Show what direction

I want to go in

Interviews documentaries

I then used the same shade of grey from my previous infographic and used them with the corresponding lines. I did this to make it more obvious what sections correlate to each sections.

I also added the words to each section describing what types of research I do in each sections. I think this looks better than the previous infographic because the words are more separated and are easier to read.

Organise thoughts and ideas

Collect key words

Show what direction

I want to go in

Interviews documentaries

After a tutorial I decided to add some small circles to go beside each of the topics because I was told on some, they looked like one sentence and not different things.

Final Infographic

I changed the circles to dashes because I thought it looked less bulky and made it more clear which things it was pointing to. I also change the last line because in a tutorial someone mentioned that the change from light grey to black was quite sever and almost looked like I was loosing interest in a project by the time I get to the end of the cycle. I really liked the look of this as it added a bit more detail. I then made a key for the icons to explain what they mean, and then change the meaning of each coloured line to mean how long it takes to do that particular topic to add some more factual detail.

One of the challenges I found was trying to fit a large amount of information in such a small diagram. I found that in a lot of my experiments I have a tendency to add too many things, and I need to work on making my work more minimal. I also had to overcome a lot of problems with my infographic and decided to change to a comply different design which is very different from what I thought I would create. Overall, I really like my new infographic because of how simple and easy to understand it is. I used the same line colours for each correlating section. I really liked this because it gives the whole infographic a bit more detail and I feel like it pulls it all together well. I also really like how I got to experiment with different styles of infographics throughout this whole process. 63

Infomation Design Information design is where you create something to specifically display information for the viewer to look at and understand. There are many different types of information design such as infographics, signs, maps, web designs and many more. The key for information design to work well is having a deep understanding on what the project is, why the project exists, where it will be displayed, and how. Without knowing all of this information the design may not be able to effetely display the information you want it to. Information is a key part of design as it helps to explain data that

some might find complicated to understand with out the visuals. Information design and research have a strong relationship as you need to have the research to understand and inform how you display the information.

Wayfinding Wayfinding is a type of design where its about showing the viewer direction either round a location or a document. There are different types of wayfinding such as direction signs, maps, route marks, location signs, and many more. I want to look into this area because it’s something I’ve never researched and designed before so I thought it would be an interesting challenge. After researching wayfinding more heavily I realised how many things around us use wayfinding, and how important it is for us to be able to live our life’s such as road signs, landmark signs, hospital ward routs and locations, and university campus

directions. I was really interested in specifically map design because of how diverse they could be. Maps are necessary in your everyday life to help us get to places we are not familiar with. I was really Interested in specifically illustrative maps where the main focus isn’t accuracy, but displaying the culture and atmosphere of that area.

Influential Wayfinding Design The London tube map is one of the most iconic and recognisable British maps today. The London tube map that we can recognise today was first created by Harry Beck in 1932 after beck strived to make the map more readable and easier to understand in comparison to the old one made in 1926 by Fred Stingemore. With his map he was “straightening the lines, experimenting with diagonals and evening out the distance between stations” which at first seemed too abstract but after publishing it to the public it was a massive success. What made it easy to understand was because of how evenly spaced out the stations where it allowed the station names to be easily read and not squished at different angles

to accommodate the maps accuracy. This style of map made it so that it was more accessible to a wider range of people as it could now be easily read. Over time there were many adjustments to the map with the addition of new train lines and stations, but the core concept still stayed the same. The modern train map that we know today was last adapted in 1962 by Paul Garbutt with additions of the new Jubilee line and Elizabeth line within the last 20 years. This map is truly iconic not because of its accuracy and ability to act as a guide around London, but because of it’s clean straight lines and easy to understand routs that even tourists can understand, not just locals.

Digital Era The Digital Era started in the 1980’s and the 1990’s with the introduction of commercial computers now available to the public. This opened up a world of new possibility’s as you could experiment with layering, typesetting, photography, and may other things that either didn’t exist ort were jobs that graphic designers didn’t traditionally do. This new way of creating was popular with the younger generation of graphic designers in art school as they could be as experimental and avant-garde as they wanted. This opened up opportunities for design magazines such as Ray Gun and The Face which were popular with young

people. Designers such as David Carson and Steven Sagmeister. This era is quite controversial as traditional graphic designers feel like it tainted graphic design as a profession as now anyone could make their own posters and fliers if you had a computer and the right software. The digital Era made making and designing things easier as you could always adjust and correct whenever you needed to. This was perfect for wayfinding, especially map designing, as you could get complete accuracy and also be very experimentative and illustrative with it.

Wayfinding Examples

Invision Board: Other Boardsheets

Invision Board: Typography

Invision Board: Side 1

Invision Board: Side 2

Invision Board: Folds

Karl Gerstner â&#x20AC;&#x153;I see design as a matter of solving problems; art as a matter of inventing themâ&#x20AC;?

I chose Karl Gerstner as my influential designer because I really admire his layouts. I really likes how in all of his work he uses some form of underlining grid and layout to inform what his design will look like. I also like how he uses clear and bold blocks of colour which makes his work stand out more. He also uses a lot of semiotics and silhouettes instead of actual photos to make

his work stand out more and have a clear definition of what the design is meant to be saying. I also like how he also uses typography in his work as a design feature, not just tax text, to give his work a more interesting design. His work has influenced me to think about layouts more and how to integrate images, shapes, and text to make a more interesting design which also gives a clear message.

designer does â&#x20AC;? The not begin with

some preconceived idea. The idea is the result of carful study and observation, and the design a product of the idea Paul Rand

â&#x20AC;?

Margaret Calvert Margaret Clavert is a British graphic designer that became famous from her 1967 collaboration with Jock Kinneir to redesign all of the road signs in the United Kingdom. This project was done because of the raising popularity of driving and drivers were getting confused by the road sign as most places had their own style of signs and nothing was consistent. This project has been described as the largest graphic design project in British history because of how many signs they had to create and took ten years to complete . For this project they create a new typeface that could be easily read at high speeds and from long distances. She also helped to create the Typeface for the London

underground and signage for Gatwick Airport. Her work now use’s the same concepts as her road signs (basic silhouettes and clear bold words) and the use of pop culture figures to make a point or as satire. One of my favourite pieces of her contemporary work is a set of signs made for Disneyland where it shows the classic Disney mickey mouse and friends silhouettes with a caption sating ‘slow crossing’ to imitate her ‘children crossing’ signs. I really like these because it combines her work that she’s iconic for, and an iconic pop culture character that everyone would be able to recognise.

Alice Bosc Alice bosc is a French graphic designer who takes most of her inspiration from architecture and buildings to create her work. She specialises in product and space design creating interesting infographics and wayfinding designs. My favourite maps of hers were created for Convene Magazine about city’s around America. J really liked these maps because of how bold and simple it is with the contrasting black lines. She also does these maps in block colour of up to four colours. You can see her architecture influence in her maps by the straight lines and strong angles in the illustration.

My favourite of the maps is of Oklahoma City because of the interesting landmark illustrations. I also like how she just uses simple line art that’s easy to read. I prefer the version where there’s no colour and just line art because you can then see the intercut details of the map such as paths and small roads.

Tom Woolley Tom Woolley is an illustrator from Birmingham that specialises in making illustrative map designs. He’s worked for magazines, museums, and hotels creating these interesting maps. He creates his work by using an aerial view of the area he’s trying to recreate and imports that image into Adobe Illustrator and draws over top if the key roads, paths, train lines, and rivers. He then starts to sketch out any key landmarks and place them evenly across the map so that it has a balanced composition. He adds food and people to his maps so that it fills in gaps and gives the map a more real context by showing the people that live there. He uses a very limited colour pallet which makes his work look for friendly and easy to understand because 90

there isn’t a ton of information crowding the image. I like his work because of how simple but interesting he’s able to make it by using small thumbnail sketches across the map showing popular food in the area, local attractions and key landmarks. I like how his work seems very simple with the clean lines and block colour illustrations but when you look at the details its very intricate and deliberate at where he places certain things. My favourite map design of his is of Bradford, UK, because of its monochromatic colour pallet of different tones of orange and yellow. I also like how he’s included places like pubs, cafes, and traffic lights as interesting little details that give the map more depth and character.

Boardsheet Layouts

Zine Layouts

Road map Layouts

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I looked at the folds and layouts of maps because I thought it would be interesting to have a map on the back of my broadsheet because I’m researching wayfinding, specifically maps. From looking at these I’ve found that they all have the same fold pattern with a 4x10 grid. What I also found interesting was how some of the maps had keys where it describes the local places and attractions. This was something I was thinking about taking forward in my own broadsheet to talk about the designer I’ve found.

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John W. Creswell â&#x20AC;&#x153;Good, sound research projects begin with straightforward, uncomplicated thoughts that are easy to read and understand.â&#x20AC;?

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WHAT IS RESEARCH?

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HOW I RESEARCH

I like my workspace to be somewhere familiar, where I know where everything whenever I need it. Because of this I prefer to work in places That I know, are often in, or I created myself. I also I like have things at hand that help me concentrate such as noise cancelling headphones to allow me to block out outside noise, a hot drink WYLMLYHIS` JVÉ&#x2C6;LL [V HSSV^ TL ZTHSS IYLHRZ [V YLĂ&#x2026;LJ[ on my work and be able

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John W. Creswell â&#x20AC;&#x153;Good, sound research projects begin with straightforward, uncomplicated thoughts that are easy to read and understand.â&#x20AC;?

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SECONDARY

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to break away for a few minutes, and a large area for me to be able to spread my work out so that its visible and not feel like Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m trapped in one area. I have three main workspaces: my bedroom, my Livingroom, and the Studio.

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;The designer does not begin with some preconceived idea. Rather, the idea is the result of carful study and observation, and the design a product of the idea.â&#x20AC;? Paul Rand

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MY WORKSPACE

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;The designer does not begin with some preconceived idea. Rather, the idea is the result of carful study and observation, and the design a product of the idea.â&#x20AC;?

HOW DOES RESEARCH RELATE TO DESIGN ?

SECONDARY

WHAT IS RESEARCH

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Karl Gerstner

I chose Karl Gerstner as my PUĂ&#x2026;\LU[PHS KLZPNULY ILJH\ZL I really admire his layouts. I really likes how in all of his work he uses some form of underlining grid and layout to inform what his design will look like. I also like how he uses clear and bold blocks of colour which makes his work stand out more. He also uses a lot of semiotics and silhouettes instead of actual photos to make his work stand out more and have a clear KLĂ&#x201E;UP[PVU VM ^OH[ [OL KLZPNU is meant to be saying. I also like how he also uses typography in his work as a design feature, not just tax text, to give his work a more interesting design. His work OHZ PUĂ&#x2026;\LUJLK TL [V [OPUR

HOW DOES RESEARCH RELATE TO DESIGN ? Research is key to creating great design. Without good research your design could be misinforming or not do it6s job properly. Research helps inform you of WHO you are designing for and what they like, WHY you are making that project so that you can be informed by its contextual history, and WHERE it is going so that you can understand its surrounding. By understanding who, why and where your piece is for it allows you to create key design choices such as using bright colours for thing aimed at children, making sure your fonts are easy to read if the work will be seen from a distance, and what key information needs to be on there so that people understand what it is trying to tell them Research also allows you to pinpoint exactly where to go and what to do so that it gives you clear guidelines of what would work well and what wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t.

about layouts more and how to integrate images, shapes, and text to make a more interesting design which also gives a clear message.

HOW I RESEARCH

MY WORKSPACE

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John W. Creswell â&#x20AC;&#x153;Good, sound research projects begin with straightforward, uncomplicated thoughts that are easy to read and understand.â&#x20AC;?

I use my bedroom mainly for research and writing because I can be alone and concentrate without any RXWVLGH LQWHUIHUHQFH

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;The designer does not begin with some preconceived idea. Rather, the idea is the result of carful study and observation, and the design a product of the idea.â&#x20AC;?

Karl Gerstner

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Paul Rand

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For my first layout I stuck to the 4x10 grid fold I had found in my research and folded it by folding in half lengthwise until it got to the last section and would concertina and then fold in half-lengthwise again to create a small booklet. One problem I found with this was that it was quite restrictive with the layout because of how it folded. I tried to make it interesting by adding decorative strips in-between sections and at the ends but it still looked quite crushed and like I had no real reason for placing anything were I did.

I did like the cover and back of the broadsheet I made which was inspired by covers Karl Gerstner did for the magazine â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Capitalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; where he repeats the same work but highlights accouple in a different colour so that that stand out more. I really liked this design and thought it could be an interesting way to make this broadsheet catch the views eye when it was folded. I also really liked how putting the quote in a larger font and in black amde it stand out more, and the name of the person in red so that it wouldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t distract from the quote.

I decided to change the way it folded to see if that would help with the different ways I could arrange the sections.

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Side 1 Analysis

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For my new fold I decided to half the amount of folds so that the sections would be much bigger by only being folded horizontally in half once and then concertinaing in by five panels. This made it that it could have larger section to place my text and have more white space so that it wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be so crushed. I also took away the side

decorative panels because it would give more room for the contents. I also took away the side decorative panels because it would give more room for the contents. I really liked how even with the change of folds I was still able to keep my original 4x1o grid that I got from my map layout research.

The imagery I used for this was from a mixture of my primary and secondary research. From my primary research I used photos I took from of books from the university library, Photos of my laptop, and sketches I had done of my workspaces. From my secondary research I used a photo of Karl Gerstner. I used a combination of Bitmapping, greyscale, and image traced images to give different effects depending on what it was. I bitmapped the photo of the books and of Karl Gerstner because I wanted to layer it with different colours to create an interesting design affect. I greyscaled the image of my laptop because

it was too small for bitmapping to make a difference, and I wanted the different details such as the stickers on my laptop to show. I chose to image trace my sketches so that the lines would be cleaner and so that you wouldn’t be able to see the background. I chose to have my infographic take up 4 whole panels so that it would be easy to read once printed. For the front and back covers I was inspired by Karl Gerstner’s work and repeated the word ‘REASERCH’ at even increments. I made it so that when it’s folded the words on the front and back covers are still readable and flow nicely.

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Side 2 Experimentation

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Side 2 Analysis Even though my folds changed throughout this whole process I kept the same basic grid system of 4x10 so it didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t affect any of the layouts I was creating. At the start of this project I was inspired by Maps wand wanted by broadsheet to make that the main themes of the folds and the second side. I took a screenshot of my route to university from my home and used the same process that Tom Woolley does to create his maps. I traced over all of the major roads and then started to experiment with making the lines not so exact and more illustrative. I then started to experiment with colour and making the background red and the lines white. I really liked the look of this but it felt a bit too blocky in comparison to the other side so I decided to bitmap

it so that I wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t so bold. I also wanted to experiment with the positioning of the map and found that it was a bit overpowering having it fill the whole page, so I started to experiment with changing the layout from landscape to portrait and using the rows as text columns with some bitmapped columns to separate them. I really like this design but I wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t sure on the portrait layout so decided to change it back. By doing this I was able to split the page in half with the map and design field research on one side, and my designers on another. I then decided to make this side match the other by layering black and red bitmapping to create an interesting effect as well as to divide the page.

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Sketchbook Design

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For my sketchbook I started with a 8x12 grid with 3 mm gutters however this made it so that there were too many modules and was hard to make the layouts look nice. I then made it a 6x6 grid with a 4mm gutter and this worked much better. I made my text columns two modules wide because I could then fit two columns in the middle of the page evenly. I hung the text boxes from the second row so that it had space for the titles to sit just above with enough white space for it to be readable.I also placed thin red lines above paragraphs to symbolize a change In topics. I placed decorative large bitmapped strips at the side of the left page because it was a nice way to end a double page spread without it being too overpowering. I used the same pattern for the front and back cover with a white strip for text three quarts of the

way down. I also did this so that it would match my broadsheet. On some pages I have it a red background to symbolize my lecture and tutorial notes so that it was obvious that they were separate from the sketchbook design sections. I also did this where I showed my research quote so that it would stand out more. I also places some layered bitmap photographs I had taken so that it would even out some double page spreads and also so that it would watch the design elements of the broadsheet. I tried to keep as many sketched I had made physically and image traced that so that they would be cleaner. Any mind maps I tried to turn into text as I felt like they explained my thoughts better. Overall I really like my sketchbook layout because of how itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s quite simple and easy to read.

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Reflection How important was research in this project? Research was a key part of this whole project due to the amount of new things I had to learn. I had never made an infographic before so I had to research all of the different types and ways they can be done, I also had never looked at way finding and maps so I had to research the basic concepts and history of them, which helped direct how I constructed by broadsheet. What personal discoveryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s did you make why doing this project? During this project I discovered many different designers but the most influential was Margaret Calvert. After researching

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her and her work it gave me a whole new appreciation for the smaller things in our everyday environment such as road signs. I also learnt how to use more editorial techniques by using different LinkedIn Learning classes such as making paragraph styles, adding page numbers, and setting baseline grids. These classes were key to me creating my sketchbook and broadsheet. How did my ideas change during this project? At the start of this project I was planning on looking at the Bauhaus movement for the design era since I had previously done a presentation on Herbert Bayer, however that changed as I started to look at wayfinding more and

decided to change to the Digital era as it fitted with my designers more. I also had to remake my infographic because towards the end it became clear that the whole design concept wasn’t working very well and wasn’t easy to understand, so I ended up changing it to something that was much simpler and easy to understand. I had to change my broadsheet folds halfway through making it because I realized that it was hindering my layouts. At the end I also had to remake my sketchbook because I found that with the Blurb plugin I wasn’t able to save it as a PDF so I had to make a whole new document to do so. How did external factors affect this

project? Due to the Global pandemic of the Covid-19 Virus the university had to shut down. Due to this we had no access to books so had to only use online resources. We also had to change from three days of studio time to 1 hour video tutorial a week. This made it very difficult to fully understand what we had to do as we could ask questions like we would in a studio setting What technical problems did you have to face? Some of the practical problems were that I had to learn how to use different tools and areas of Adobe Illustrator and InDesign such as creaking a stroke gradient

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and editorial design elements, so I took online classes and googled anything I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know how to do. Other problems were that I was using a Blurb template but at the end it wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t allow me to save as a PDF so I had to create a whole new document and try to copy and past everything I had done. What new things did you learn? I learnt how to change document setups such as change margins and baseline grids. I also learnt how to properly manipulate shapes in illustrator. I also learnt how to Bitmap, halftone, and Duo Tone an image in Photoshop which was a key part in all of my sketchbook and broadsheet.

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How did my ideas get influenced by research? I used my research into map layouts and design it helped inform me what were the key and common elements in maps. I also took a lot of my design elements from the designer Tom Woolley with the way he creates the base layer of his maps. Also looking at how Karl Gartner created his grids and designs helped to heavily influence the front and back cover of my broadsheet. A key part of my research was an infographic design by the designer Mazakii and it heavily influenced how my new infographic looked like.

Overview Overall I did enjoy this project because I was able to learn how to do new things. However I did find this project really difficult especially towards the end when we all had to stay home. There wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t many resources open to actually do research because we were still half way though the whole research process and it was hard to find any credible sources that were relevant. I also found it really difficult to get design advice and help with my layouts due to the limited amount of time we had with our tutors.

for me to improve on. It also allowed me to experiment with different research techniques and helped me find new resource websites such as the V&A collections and the Open Library.

But it was a really interesting process and it helped me understand how I research on a deeper level and made my weaker points more obvious

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Bibliography Hatched (2018) Margaret Calvert – the mother of modern-day information design | Hatched London. At: https://hatchedlondon. com/margaret-calvertthe-mother-of-modernday-information-design/ (Accessed on 19 March 2020) Jacobson, R.E. (2000) Information design. Cambridge, Mass.: Mit Press. Krum, R. (s.d.) Cool Infographics. At: https:// coolinfographics.com (Accessed on 6 March 2020) Margaret Calvert: woman at work! How design saved UK’s drivers. (2018) At: https://www.grapheine.com/ en/history-of-graphicdesign/margaret-calvertwoman-at-work-how-designsaved-uks-roads (Accessed on 25 March 2020) Mason, B. (2016) The Best New Maps, According to Cartographers. At: https://www. nationalgeographic. com/news/2016/11/bestnew-maps-atlas-design/ (Accessed on 9 March 2020)Mccandless, D. (2014)

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Knowledge is beautiful. New York, Ny: Harper Design, An Imprint Of Harpercollinspublishers. Meggs, P. (2019) ‘Graphic design - The digital revolution | Britannica’ definition. [online] In: Encyclopædia Britannica. At: https:// www.britannica.com/art/ graphic-design/Thedigital-revolution Peate, S. (2018) Where Do We Go Now? Exploring The Wonders Of Wayfinding Design. At: https:// fabrikbrands.com/thewonders-of-wayfindingdesign/ (Accessed on 9 March 2020) Tucker, E. (2016) Signage by dn&co is based on circuitry for east London tech hub. At: https://www. dezeen.com/2016/11/21/ dn-co-signage-designwayfinding-orangegraphics-here-east-londontech-hub-quee-elizabetholympic-park/ (Accessed on 9 March 2020) Tucker, E. (2017) Stacked building blocks form signage for Sydney children’s daycare.

At: https://www. dezeen.com/2017/01/02/ stacked-building-blockssignage-east-sydneyearly-learning-centre/ (Accessed on 9 March 2020) Woolley, T. (s.d.) Illustrated Maps | Tom Woolley Illustration. At: https://tomwoolley. com (Accessed on 30 March 2020) ‌ ‌

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Sketchbook Image Referances Page 34: Figure 1. Krzysztofiak, J. (s.d.) V&A Colletions Development. At: http:// jasiek.co.uk/infodesign/museum-collections (Accessed on 15 March 2020) Figure 2. Pearce, S. (2014) Enchantment Under te Sea Dance. At: https://www.behance. net/gallery/17257039/Enchantment-Under-theSea-Dance (Accessed on 15 March 2020) Figure 3. Il-Ho. (2014) Korean Film Festival 2014. At: https://theinspirationgrid. com/the-korean-film-festival-brandingby-il-ho/?utm_content=buffer38f63&utm_ medium=social&utm_source=pinterest.com&utm_ campaign=buffer (Accessed on 15 March 2020) Page 35: Figure 4. Porostockyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, T. (2011) Information design. At: http://www. squareinchdesign.com/information-design-bythomas-porostocky/ (Accessed on 15 March 2020) Figure 5. PNG Wing. (s.d.) Information Digitization Graphic design. At: https:// www.pngwing.com/en/free-png-nsrvp (Accessed on 15 March 2020) Figure 6. aanoi. (2008) Do You Helvetica?. At: https://www.deviantart.com/aanoi/art/ Do-you-Helvetica-93119228 (Accessed on 15 March 2020) Figure 7. Bitable. (s.d.) What is motion graphics. At: https://biteable.com/blog/ inspiration/what-is-motion-graphics/ (Accessed on 15 March 2020) Figure 8. Designers are going through an identity crisis. (s.d.) At: https:// www.pinterest.es/pin/534450680751037757/ (Accessed on 15 March 2020)

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Page 9: Figure 2. Ray Gun and Carson, D. (1998) Ray Gun August 1998 issue Andy Wwahol. At: https:// visualartsdepartment. wordpress.com/digital/ (Accessed on 10 May 2020)

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com/2011/07/27/raise-no-chicken/?utm_ source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_ campaign=Feed:+GrainEdit+(Grain+Edit) (Accessed on 16 March 2020) Figure 20. Dervish, E. (2016) Underhub language school. At: https://www. contemporist.com/colorful-lines-lead-you-toclassrooms/ (Accessed on 16 March 2020) Figure 21. Ch3 Graphics. (s.d.) Ch3 Graphics Floor Wayfinding. At: https://www.pinterest. co.uk/pin/398990848217559337/ (Accessed on 16 March 2020) Figure 22. Dervish, E. (2016) Underhub languageschool. At: https://www. contemporist.com/colorful-lines-lead-you-toclassrooms/ (Accessed on 16 March 2020) Page 40-41: https://alicemacniven655243. invisionapp.com/board/boardsheet-ck9gxq9mx0 d0t18tf3a55hx7x?v=0EG7uOUxb394Etz7ELuOxg%3D %3D&linkshare=urlcopied Page 42-43: https://alicemacniven655243. invisionapp.com/board/Typography-cka5ucgsy0 59c19wzn7b4xn5o?v=0EG7uOUxb394Etz7ELuOxg%3D %3D&linkshare=urlcopied Page 44-45: https://alicemacniven655243. invisionapp.com/board/layout-side-1-ck862x91 i1h9317vplvrzb11i?v=0EG7uOUxb394Etz7ELuOxg% 3D%3D&linkshare=urlcopied Page 46-47: https:// alicemacniven655243. invisionapp.com/ board/layout-side-2ck85rdhcx1e6018vu12 kjdv1g Page 48-49: https://alicemacniven655243. invisionapp.com/board/folding-ck802q81u08so 18xj9cswfh3b?v=0EG7uOUxb394Etz7ELuOxg%3D%3D &linkshare=urlcopied

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Broadsheet Image Referances Karl Gerstner Portrait. (1964) At: https://medium. com/@digitalonetwo/ designingprogrammes-excerpt62bc64e67b8b (Accessed on 15 March 2020) Woolley, T. (s.d.) Visit Seattle Illustrated Map. At: https:// tomwoolley.com/ visit-seattleillustrated-map/ (Accessed on 16 March 2020) Woolley, T. (s.d.) Illustrated map of Bradford, UK. At: https://tomwoolley. com/illustratedmap-of-bradford-uk/ (Accessed on 17 April 2020) Bosc, A. (2017) À Tables London. At: https:// aliceboscstudio. com/illustration#/atables-londonlondon-icons/ (Accessed on 17 March 2020) ‌ ‌

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Figure 29. Bosc, A. (s.d.) San Fransisco map. At: https:// aliceboscstudio. com/convenemagazine-mapillustrations (Accessed on 17 March 2020) Calvert, M. (1967) Maidenhead road sign. At: http:// www.eyemagazine. com/feature/ article/the-wayahead (Accessed on 17 March 2020) Calvert, M. (2019) Di s n ey cr o s si n g signs. At: https:// www.standard.co.uk/ news/uk/road-signdesigner-teamsup-with-disney-touse-mickey-mousein-road-safetycampaign-a4142926. html (Accessed on 17 March 2020) â&#x20AC;&#x152; â&#x20AC;&#x152;

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