مذكرة لغة إنجليزية 2019 ثانوية عامة المنهج الجديد by العمدة العديسى

Hello English 2019

2019 ‫المنهج الجديد‬ Rafat Meallawey 1

Unit 1: Writers and Stories

Key Vocabulary Competition old-fashioned Routine Attachments Midday Custom Publisher

‫ منافسة‬/ ‫مسابقة‬ ‫موضة قديمة‬ ‫الروتين‬ ‫مرفقات‬ ‫منتصف اليوم‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫ناشر‬

develop district establish law pioneer style prize

‫ ينمى‬/ ‫يطور‬ ‫ منطقة‬/ ‫ مقاطعة‬/ ‫حى سكنى‬ ‫ يرسخ‬/ ‫ يثبت‬/ ‫يؤسس‬ ‫قانون‬ ‫رائد‬ ‫أسلوب‬ ‫جائزة‬

Definitions ‫تعريفات للكلمات الرئيسية‬ Competition

‫منافسة‬ a situation in which people or organisations compete with each other ‫مسابقة‬ old-fashioned Not modern and not fashionable any more Routine ‫الروتين‬ The usual way in which you do things Midday ‫منتصف اليوم‬ Twelve o'clock in the middle of the day. Publisher ‫ناشر‬ person or company that produces books, magazines, etc., and makes them available for people to buy Attachments ‫ملحقات‬ Something you attach to/send with an e-mail Custom ‫عادة‬ Something that people do in a society because it is traditional Develop ‫ ينمى‬/ ‫يطور‬ to make a new product or idea successful District ‫حى سكنى‬ an area of a city or country

‫ منطقة‬/ ‫مقاطعة‬ Establish to achieve or give someone a respected position in society or in an ‫ يرسخ‬/ ‫ يؤسس يثبت‬organisation Law Pioneer Style

‫قانون‬ ‫رائد‬ ‫أسلوب‬

the system of rules that people in a country or place must obey one of the first people to do something that other people will continue to develop a way of doing or making something that is typical of a particular person, group or period

The dictionary of the unit ‫قاموس الوحدة‬ Interpret Explosion Explode Report Organization National Confusing Fixed Average Insist Article Extra Syllable Editor Deliver Sound Collect Collection block of flats Society Traditional Produce Product Achieve Achievement

‫يفسر‬ ‫انفجار‬ ‫ينفجر‬ ‫تقرير‬ ‫منظمة‬ ‫ وطنى‬/ ‫قومى‬ ‫ ممربك‬/ ‫محير‬ ‫ محدد‬/ ‫ثابت‬ ‫متوسط‬ ‫يصر على‬ ‫مقالة‬ ‫زيادة‬ (‫مقطع )فى كلمة‬ (‫محرر )صحفى‬ ‫يوصل‬ ‫يبدو‬ ‫يجمع‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫عمارة سكنية‬ ‫مجتمع‬ ‫تقليدى‬ ‫ينتج‬ ‫منتج‬ ‫ ينجز‬/ ‫يحقق‬ ‫انجاز‬

respected position rules obey period literature culture career diplomat diplomacy diplomatic experiences disabled disability postman tour guide journalist lawyer editor author travel agent politician political Russian Italian Turkish

‫ وظيفة محترمة‬/ ‫مكانة‬ ‫قواعد‬ ‫يطيع‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫الدب‬ ‫الثقافة‬ ‫الحياة العملية‬ ‫رجل دبلوماسى‬ ‫الدبلوماسية‬ ‫دبلوماسى‬ (‫ تجارب )الحياة‬/ ‫خبرات‬ ‫معوق‬ ‫اعاقة‬ ‫ساعى البريد‬ ‫مرشد سياحى‬ ‫صحفى‬ ‫محامى‬ ‫محرر صحفى‬ ‫مؤلف‬ ‫وكيل سياحى‬ ‫رجل سياسة‬ ‫سياسة‬ ‫روسى‬ ‫ايطالى‬ ‫تركى‬

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions

at night at midday at midnight at dawn a believer in compete with Happy with available for provide a model for

‫فى الليل‬ ‫فى منتصف اليوم‬ ‫فى منتصف الليل‬ ‫فى الفجر‬ ‫مؤمن بـ‬ ‫يتنافس مع‬ ‫سعيد بـ‬ ‫ مناسب لـ‬/ ‫ملئم لـ‬ ‫يقدم نموذج أو قدوة لـ‬

attach … to ‫ بـ‬... ‫ يوصل‬/ ‫يلحق‬ be made into ‫يتم تحويله الى‬ an expert on / at / in ‫خبير فى‬ graduate in law ‫يتخرج فى القانون‬ typical of ‫له نفس صفات أو مزايا كذا‬ succeed in ‫ينجح فى‬ adjust to ‫ يتأقلم على‬/ ‫يتكيف‬ It gave me a headache ‫سبب لى صداعا‬ It’s a pleasure ‫يسعدنى ذلك‬

do the homework cut down trees e-mail attachments enter a competition interested in give in

‫يحل الواجب‬ ‫يقطع الشأجار‬ ‫مرفقات باليميل‬ ‫يدخل مسابقة‬ ‫مهتم بـ‬ ‫ يستسلم‬/ ‫يسلم‬

go out establish himself as Work for a publisher look old fashioned have lunch At least

(‫يطفى )النور‬ ‫يحقق لنفسه مكانة كـ‬ ‫يعمل لدى ناشأر‬ ‫يبدو موضة قديمة‬ ‫يتناول الغداء‬ ‫على القل‬

Tape script Interviewer : When did you start writing ? Writer : I’ve written stories and poems for as long as I can remember . Interviewer :What was the first thing you wrote ? Writer :When I was seven , I wrote a poem which won second prize in a national competition for school children . interviewer : When did you start writing stories ? Writer : When I was at the university , I wrote short stories for a student magazine My head was always full of ideas .While I was finishing one story , I was thinking of the next one . Interviewer :Wasn’t that very confusing ? Writer : Not really . I used to write very quickly –I finished most short stories in two or three days .As soon as I’d finished one story , I’d start the next one Interviewer : Do you still write like that ? Writer : No, I haven’t written any short stories for over twenty years . Now, I only write novels – they take much longer Interviewer :So how do you write now ? Do you have a fixed routine ? Writer : Yes, I write from nine in the morning till three in the afternoon, with a ten-minute break for coffee at midday . I write an average of a thousand words a day Interviewer : Do you use a computer ? Writer : No, I’m old-fashioned –I use a pencil and paper .I’ve tried using a computer , but it gave me a headache .When I’m happy with what I’ve written , my secretary types it onto the computer .My publisher insists that I send everything as an e-mail attachment . Interviewer :And do you check what you’ve written ? Writer : Of course .I write one thousand new words a day for a week .Then I spend two or three days checking the week’s work until I’m completely happy with I’ve written .My last novel was changed six times before I was happy with it . Interviewer : Do you show other people ? Writer : No , not until a novel’s almost finished .Then I give it to two or three friends and ask them for their opinions . Interviewer : Do they ever tell you they don’t like what you’ve written ? Writer

: Yes! Last year both of the people who read one of my books said they didn’t like how my story ended .So I changed it Interviewer : That’s very interesting .Thank you for talking to me

Writer

: It’s been a pleasure

Reading

Yehia Haqqi (1905â&#x20AC;&#x201C;1992) Yehia Haqqi was one of the pioneers of modern Egyptian literature. A s well as being an important writer, he was an expert on Arab culture. Yehia Haqqi was born in 1905 in the Sayyida Zeinab district of Cairo. H e graduated in law and worked for a short time as a lawyer. In 1929, he began his career as a diplomat and he worked abroad for more than 2 0 years. The time he had spent in France, Italy, Turkey and Libya gave him experiences he later used in his writing. A t the same time as he was working, Yehia Haqqi also writing stories. H is first short story, published in 1925 established him as one of the great short story writers of the Arab world. Yehia Haqqi always wanted to help poor and disabled people. In 1 9 5 5 , he wrote a collection of short stories about the poor and the disabled which won an important prize. One of his novels, The Postman, was made into film in 1992 he had to hospital after an earthquake in Cairo, but gave his bed to a poor person who he thought needed it more. Haqqi wrote in a new way about Arab society and customs in the twentieth century. Haqqi was also interested in the Arabic language and he developed a new style of writing which is respected today. As well as writing his own novels and stories, Haqqi also translated Russian, French, Italian and Turkish literature into Arabic. He was a very strong believer in the power of books and he supported many young Egyptian writers. Haqqi died in 1992 , but is still thought of as the father of the modern short story and the novel in Egypt 5

age notes Ex: win: (a medal ‫ ميدالية‬/ a cup ‫ كأس‬/ a race ‫ سباق‬/ a competition ‫ مسابقة‬/ a match / a game an award / a prize) ‫ يكسب‬/ ‫يفوز بـ‬ beat: (someone ‫ شخص‬/ a team ‫)فريق‬ ‫يهزم‬ gain: experience ‫خبرة‬/information ‫ معلومات‬/ Knowledge ‫معرفة( يكتسب‬ (weight ‫ وزن‬/ height ‫طول‬/ speed ‫يزداد )سرعة‬ earn money / his living (‫ عيشه )من العمل الجاد‬/ ‫يكسب المال‬ the poor ‫ – الفقراء‬the disabled ‫المعاقين‬ ‫ قبل بعض الصفات يحول الصفة ال ى‬the ‫استخدام‬ the rich ‫ – الغأنياء‬the injured ‫المصابون‬ ‫اسم يدل على مجموعة‬ Ex: I read a collection of short stories about the poor and the disabled. * Choose the correct answer:

Exercises on Vocabulary :  Choose the correct answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34.

Early black and white photos show people in (old-fashioned / black-fashioned / white-fashioned / torn) clothes. The Sun is at its strongest at (midnight-evening-dawn-midday). I do not really have a (protein-routine-valentine-bulletin) during the holidays. My friend and I are going to enter an athletics (connection-combination-competition-compression). We all hope to win something. I sent an e-mail with two (attachments-letters-parts-posts). They were photos of my friends. I really enjoyed this book. It is written in a very simple (system-design-style-way). Yehia Haqqi came from a poor (district-capital-road-way) of Cairo. My brother wants to be a lawyer when he graduates, so he's studying (fashion-law-medicine-straw) at university. Magdi Yacoub was one of the first heart transplant (captains-players-pioneers-astronauts). Scientists are paid to (avoid-develop-work-do) new medicines every year to help people. In my grandfather's village, they still follow the same traditional (customs-habits-stations-costumes) that he used to follow when he was a boy. My sister loves clothes and buys very (changeable-believable-fashionable-comparable) dresses. His first job was as a (law-lawyer-lawful-lower). A (diplomat-publisher-producer-performer) is someone who produces books, newspapers or magazines. My parents gave me a (team-competition-connection-collection) of modern short stories for my birthday. I have a ten (minutes-minute-minute’s-minutes’) break for something to eat at midday. The time he spent abroad gave him (experiments-explosions-expenses-experiences) he later used in his writing. Haqqi’s first short story was (declared-published-advertised-consumed) in 1925. As well as (write-writing-wrote-to write) novels, he also translated French literature into Arabic. Haqqi’s story, The Postman, was (done-worked-played-made) into a film. It was interesting hearing about his (experiments-experts-exports-experiences) as a policeman. A lot of people (support-suppose-suggest-import) Zamalek Club. Yesterday evening, I (devised-reversed-revised-reserved) for my English test. He writes two short stories (in-a-an-some) month. Using the computer for a long time (does-makes-works-gives) me a headache. He (tested-experienced-examined-touched) many different and interesting ideas in his work. Education can give everyone the (opportunity-occasion-opposition-supposition) to be successful. His first short story (developed-did-provided-established) him as one of the great short story writers of the Arab world. Many wealth people offer help to the poor and the (disability-ability-disables-capability). When the employee reaches the age of 60, he / she (recycles-retires-starves-survives). Solving the problem of shortage of water is one of the (challenges-charities-changes-charms) faced by many countries today. After he (graduated-generated-graded-grew) in law, he worked as a lawyer. Have you finished (read-to read-have read-reading) the magazine? My uncle works in politics. He is a (magician-musician-diplomat-politician).

35. My brother is a journalist. He wrote (an essay-an article-a composition-a letter) about the bad effects of global warming. 36. Small supermarkets have to cut their prices to (compete-contain-confess-conclude) with the big supermarkets. 37. If you don’t (break-crash-obey-disobey) traffic rules, you’ll be punished. 38. This painting is (lyrical-historical-typical-economical) of his early work.

Listening Ex

39. When I was seven, I wrote a poem which won 2nd prize in a national competition ….. school children a- for b-to c- with d-by 40. When I was at university I ……………. short stories for student magazine. a-write b-writes c-wrote d-was writing 41. While I was finishing one story, I …………….. of the next one. a-thought b-thinking c-was thinking d- an thinking 42. I used to write very quickly- I finished most short stories …………… two or three days. a- in b- for c- since d-to 43. I haven’t written any short stories …………. over 20 years. a- for b-since c-till d- in 44. I write from nine in the morning till three in the afternoon, with …….. break for coffee at midday. a-ten-minutes b- ten minutes’ c- ten minute’s d- ten minute 45. I’m ……………I use a pencil and paper. I’ve tried using a computer, but it gave me a headache. a-fashionable b- fashioned c-old-fashioned d-fashionably 46. When I’m happy ……………… what I’ve written, my secretary types it onto the computer. a- to b- for c-by d-with 47. My publisher ………. that I send everything as an e-mail attachment. a-persist b- assist c- insist d- resist 48. I spend two or three days ……. the week’s work until I’m completely happy with what I’ve written. a- to check b- checking c-check d- to checking

S.B Exercise

49. Yehia Haqqi was one of the ……… of modern Egyptian literature. a- pioneers b- leaders c- chairmen d-elites 50. As well as ………….. an important writer, he was an expert on Arabic culture. a- being b- to be c- be d- having been 51. Yehia Haqqi was born in the Sayyida Zeinab …………… of Cairo. a- distinction b- district c-distract d- distort 52. He graduated in ……. and worked for a short time as a lawyer. a- dew b- law c-low d- sew 53. In 1929, he began his career as a diplomat a- job b- profession c- career d- life 54. He worked …….. for more than 20 years. a- aboard b- broad c- abroad d- board 55. The time he spent in France, Italy, Turkey and Libya gave him …... A- experiencing b- experienced c- Expert d - experiences 56. At the same time as he …………, Haqqi was also writing stories. a- works b- worked c- working d- was working 57. His first short story, published in 1925, ………. him as one of the greatest short story writers of the Arab world. a- set up b- establish c- established d- establishing 58. Haqqi always wanted to help poor and ………….. people. a- rich b- able c- disabled d- enabled 59. In 1955, he wrote a …. of short stories about the poor and the disabled which won an important prize. a- chain b- collection c- series d- set

60. Another of his stories, the postman, was ……. a film. a- made from b- made of c- made by d- made into 61. Haqqi wrote in a new way about Arab society and …………….. in the twentieth century. a- costumes b- consumes c- customs d- castes 62. Haqqi was also interested in the Arabic language and he ………. a new style of writing which is respected today. a- develop b- developed c- developing d- promoting 63. As well as writing his own novels and stories, Haqqi also translated Russian, French, Italian and Turkish ………… into Arabic. a- literature b- literary c- litter d- letter 64. He was a very strong ……… in the power of education and supported many young Egyptian writers. a- belief b-believe c- believer d-believers 65. Haqqi died in 1992, but is still thought of as the …………of the modern short story and the novel in Egypt. a- son b- father c- father-in-law d- Mum W.B Exercise 66. Early black and white photos show people in ………..clothes. a- fashionable b- old-fashioned c- fashionably d- newly fashionable 67. The sun is at its strongest at ………….. a- midnight b- day c- afternoon d- midday 68. I don’t really have a ……….during the holidays. a- red tape b- routine c- system d- rest 69. My friend and I are going to enter an athletics ………..We all hope to win something. a- game b- tour c- course d- competition 70. I sent an email with two ………….. They were photos of my friends. a- attachments b- books c- contacts d- connections 71. 12 pm is called ………………. a- midday b- midnight c- mid year d- mid week 72. I really enjoyed this book. It is written in a very simple…….. a- way b- method c- style d- type 73. Yehia Haqqi came from a poor ……………of Cairo. a- distract b- district c- distort d- distinct 74. My brother wants to be a lawyer when he graduates, so he is studying ………..at university. a- law b- low c- dew d- lewd 75. Magdi Yacoub was one of the first heart transplant …………. a- doctors b- surgeons c- surgeries d- physicians 76. Scientists are paid to ….new medicines every year to help people. a- look b- create c- developing d- develop 77. In my grandfather’s village, they still follow the same traditional ………that he used to follow when

he was a boy. a- customs b- costumes c- consumes d- consumers 78. My sister loves clothes and buys very ………………dresses. a- out of fashion b- fashion c- fashionable d- old-fashioned 79. His first job was as a ………………….. a- lower b- lawyer c- lawful d- law 80. A……………is someone who produces books , newspapers or magazines .. a- publisher b- publicize c- writer d- editor 81. My parents gave me a …………..of modern short stories for my birthday. a- set b- collection c- collect d- series 82. Yehia Haqqi was an important twentieth century……………. a- writer b- editor c- lawyer d- solicitor

1 ‫)أ سئلة الثانوية الوحدة‬

84- You can't compare the--------- of watching live theatre with watching a film.(2010) 8

a - experience

b - experiment

c - explanation

d – exploration

85- Dr. Zewail is more than just a noble laureate , he is a/an--------- in chemistry.(2 012)

a - investor

b - explorer

c - pioneer

d – politician

86- I really admire Charles Dickens as a novelist as his writing---------- is unique. (2015)

a - behaviour

b - attitude

c – style

d – conduct

87- Yehia Haqqi graduated in law and worked for a short time as a -------------(2011)

a - lawyer

b - diplomat

c - sailor

d – journalist

88- They have just received this photo as an e-mail--------------------------. (2012)

a – post

b - attachment

c - letter

d – part

89- My daily------------------ begins when my alarm clock goes off at 6:30. (2013)

a - routine

b - custom

c – red tape

90- Early black and white photos show people in ---------- clothes. (2015)

a – old-fashioned

b - modern

c – up-to-date

91- Please, ----------- the file to your e-mail and send it quickly. (2013)

a – attach

b - establish

c - connect

92- Which----------- of Alexandria was Abu-Heif born in? – The Anfoushi.

a - location b - district c - placement 93- I have a big family. We spend a/an----------- of 1200 pounds a month. a - average b - money c - number

d - tradition

d – most recent d – enclose d – region d – bank account

* Translate into English: .‫ كان يحيى حقى يؤمن بقوة التعليم و قام بتدعيم العديد من الكتاب المصرين الشباب‬-1 ............................................................................... several ‫العديد‬ has supported ‫وقام بتدعيم‬ believes ‫يؤمن‬ .‫كان يحيى حقى خبيرا فى الثقافة العربية‬-2 .................................................................................................................. The Arabic culture ‫الثقافة العربية‬ an expert ‫خبيراا‬ .‫ ان قراءة الدب توسع مداركنا و تعلمنا أدوات جديدة للتعامل مع خبرات المستقبل‬-3 ............................................................................................................... new means ‫أدوات جديدة‬ our minds ‫مداركنا‬ widens ‫توسع‬ for treating with ‫للتعامل مع‬ .‫ يعتبر يحيى حقى من رواد الدب المصرى الحديث‬-4 ............................................................................................................. modern ‫حديث‬ pioneers ‫رائد‬ is considered ‫يعتبر‬ .‫ كتب يحيى حقى مجموعة من القصص القصيرة عن الفقراء و المعاقين‬-5 ........................................................................................................... the disabled ‫المعاقين‬ a set of \ group of ‫مجموعة من‬ .‫ كان يحيى حقى مهتما باللغة العربية و قام بتطوير أسلوب جديد فى الكتابة‬-6 .................................................................................................... new style ‫اسلوب جديد‬ has developed ‫قام بتطوير‬ interested in ‫مهتماا ب‬

Grammar unit (1 Past Simple Tense ‫زمن الماضى البسيط‬ * Form: ‫التكوين‬ Active ‫المبنى للمعلوم‬ ‫ مفعول‬+ ‫ فعل في التصريف الثاني‬+ ‫فاعل‬ Passive ‫المبنى للمجهول‬ ‫ المفعول‬Was / were + pp Ex: At the age of seven, my parents took me to Jordon. ‫ أخذني والديا الي الردن " هذه الجملة معلوم حيث بدأت بالفاعل وهي والدي ثم الفعل أخذ‬, ‫في عمر السابعة‬ me ‫ثم المفعول‬ At the age of seven, I was taken to Jordon by my parents.

‫ أخذت الي الردن بواسطة والديا " هذه الجملة مجهول حيث بالمفعول ثم الفعل‬, ‫في عمر السابعة‬ 1- My brother found a gold ring in the street yesterday ………………………………………………………………… 2- Fady scored a goal in the last minute ……………………………………………………………….. 3- My father gave me some advice when I first went to secondary school …………………………………………………………………………………… * Usage: ‫الستخدام‬ .‫* تذكر أن الماضى البسيط يعبر عن حدث بدأ وانتهى فى الماضى‬ - We met in 1987. - We didn’t meet in Egypt. Where did we meet? :‫* يستخدم الماضى البسيط مع الكلمات التية‬ Yesterday ‫أمس‬ - ago ‫ منذ‬last .. ... ‫ الماضى‬- In the past ‫فى الماضى‬ Once ‫ ذات مرة‬- once upon a time ‫ ذات مرة‬- In old times ‫فى العصور القديمة‬ In ancient times ‫فى العصور القديمة‬ - one day ‫فى يوم من اليام‬ The other day (week-month-year)‫ سنوات( قليلة‬/ ‫ شهور‬/ ‫منذ أيام )أسابيع‬ In 1999 - when I was young Past Continuous Tense ‫الماضى المستمر‬ * Form:‫التكوين‬ Active ‫المبنى للمعلوم‬ was / were + v. + ing Passive ‫المبنى للمجهول‬ was / were + being + pp Ex: 1- the mechanic was mending my car at 4 o'clock yesterday …………………………………………………………………………………. 2- The teacher was correcting the notebooks yesterday morning at ten ………………………………………………………………………………….. 3- My father was writing an e-mail at 7 o'clock yesterday ………………………………………………………………………………… * Usage: ‫الستخدام‬ .‫* تذكر * يعبر الماضى المستمر عن حدث مستمر أثناء وقت معين فى الماضى‬ - Between six and half past six this morning, I was having breakfast. .‫* تذكر * يعبر الماضى المستمر عن حدث كان مستمرا عندما قطعه حدث آخر فى الماضى‬ - I was having a shower when the phone rang. - While I was walking in the street , I saw an accident .‫*يعبر الماضى المستمر عن حدثين كانا يحدثان فى نفس الوقت‬ - While father was watching TV, mother was cooking in the kitchen. :‫*يستخدم الماضى المستمر مع الكلمات التية‬ while ‫ بينما‬- as ‫بينما‬- just as ‫فى اللحظة التى‬‫هذه الروابط يأتي بعدها ماضي مستمر وفي الجملة الخرى ماضي بسيط‬ when ‫عندما وقد يأتي بعدها ماضي بسيط أو مستمر‬ When I was going to school , I met Mr. Ali When I met Mr. Ali , I was going to school all day yesterday = the whole day yesterday ‫طوال اليوم أمس‬ all the time ‫ طوال الوقت‬- for an hour yesterday ‫لمدة ساعة أمس‬ .‫ ماضى مستمر و الفعل الخر ماضى بسيط‬because ‫*يمكن أن يأتى بعد‬ : ing ‫ نستخدم فعل ينتهى بـ‬while ‫* فى حالة عدم وجود فاعل بعد‬ :‫ أو اسم‬ing ‫ و يأتى بعدها فعل ينتهى بـ‬While ‫ بدل من‬During ‫*يمكن أن نستخدم‬ :‫ أو اسم‬ing ‫ و يأتى بعدها فعل ينتهى بـ‬When ‫ بدل من‬on ‫*يمن أن نستخدم‬ - On seeing the police, the thief ran away. Past Perfect ‫زمن الماضى التام‬ * Form: ‫التكوين‬

Active ‫مبنى للمعلوم‬ ‫ الفاعل‬had + pp Passive ‫مبنى للمجهول‬ ‫ المفعول‬had been + pp Ex: As soon as he had taken the photograph, he showed it to his friend. As soon as the photograph had been taken, it was shown to his friend. * usage: ‫الستخدام‬ .‫*يستخدم الماضى التام للتعبير عن حدث وقع قبل حدث آخر فى الماضى‬ :‫* يستخدم الماضى التام مع هذه الروابط‬ After / When / As soon as + past perfect + past simple Before / By the time + past simple + past perfect Negative past simple + till / until + past perfect Present perfect simple tense ‫زمن المضارع التام‬ * Form: ‫التكوين‬ Active ‫مبنى للمعلوم‬ ‫ الفاعل‬Has / have + pp Passive ‫مبنى للمجهول‬ ‫ المفعول‬Has / have + been + pp Ex: Something is wrong with his car, so he has taken it to the garage. Something is wrong with his car, so it has been taken to the garage. * Usage: ‫الستخدام‬ .‫*يعبر المضارع التام عن حدث بدأ فى الماضى و مازال مستمرا فى الحاضر‬ -I have lived in Cairo for many years. = I still live there. .‫*يعبر المضارع التام عن حدث انتهى فى الماضى و لزالت آثاره باقية حتى الن‬ - I’ve lost my keys. = I can’t open the door. .‫*يستخدم المضارع التام مع هذه الكلمات‬  already: ‫تأتى فى السئلة و الجمل المثبتة‬ - Have you already written to John? - He has already had dinner. - I have seen the film already.  just: ‫تأتى فى الجمل المثبتة‬ -I’ve just spoken to Ahmed on the phone.  yet: ‫تأتى فى نهاية السئلة و الجمل المنفية‬ - Has he arrived yet? -They haven't eaten yet.  ever: no one / no body / nothing ‫تأتى فى السئلة و بعد صفات التفضيل و الجمل التى تبدأ بـ‬ - Have you ever been to the zoo? - This is the most exciting film I have ever seen. - Nothing like this has ever happened to us.  never: ‫تستخدم فى الجمل المنفية‬ -No, I have never been to the zoo.  so far / lately / recently: -He has typed five letters so far. - It has been hot lately. - He has bought a new mobile recently.  for: ‫و يأتى بعدها مدة زمنية‬ - He has lived in Cairo for 10 years.  since: ‫يأتى بعدها بداية الحدث أو جملة فى زمن الماضى البسيط‬ -I haven’t seen him since last week. -I haven’t seen him since he left for Cairo. It’s the first time I have ever seen a lion. Used to + inf. ‫اعتاد على‬ .‫ للتعبير عن التناقض بين العادات أو المواقف فى الماضى و الحاضر‬+ used to ‫*نستخدم مصدر‬

- He used to swim everyday. He doesn't do this now. - He used to smoke, but now he doesn't. : + didn't use ‫مصدر‬ :‫*وفي حالة النفى نستخدم‬ - I didn’t use to play computer games, but now I do. : + did ‫ فاعل‬+ + to ‫مصدر‬ :‫*وفي حالة السؤال نستخدم‬ - Did you use to walk to school? - Where did you use to live? :‫ ويأتي بعدها الفعل في زمن الضارع البسيط‬used to ‫ بدل من‬no longer ‫*تستخدم‬ - He used to smoke. = He no longer smokes. ‫ مع نفى الفعل في المضارع البسيط و تأتى في نهاية‬used to ‫ بدل من‬any more / any longer ‫*تستخدم‬ :‫الجملة‬ - He used to smoke. = He doesn't smoke any more.

* Choose the correct answer: 1-I (used to read-was reading-had read-have read) the newspaper everyday. Now I don’t have the time. 2-As soon as he (takes-has taken-will take-had taken) the photograph, he showed it to his friend. 3-I (was taken-took-was taking-had taken) to a football match at the weekend. 4-I (already saw-have already seen-had already seen-was already seeing) the film before I read the book. 5-What (did you do-were you doing-have you done-do you do) when I called you? 6-I (have had-had-had had-was having) my own computer for three years now. 7-While I (did-was doing-have done-doing) my homework, my sister was listening to music. 8-The windows at school (cleaned-were cleaning-were cleaned-had cleaned) this morning. 9-We (told-were telling-have told-were told) to give in our homework on Tuesday. 10-I (enjoy-was enjoying-enjoyed-have enjoyed) reading novels since I was a young child. 11-Yesterday, my sister gave me a book she (had finished-has finished-finished-was finished) reading the day before. 12-The parcel (delivered-was delivering-was delivered-had delivered) when I was reading the newspaper. 13-I (used to read-was reading-had read-have read) at least one book a week, but now I don’t read so many. 14-I’ve played football (since-for-ago-from) five years. 15-We (haven’t decided-didn’t decide-hadn’t decided-don’t decide) what to do for the holidays yet. 16-At the age of seven, my parents (are taking-were taking-took-take) me to Jordan. 17-Someone phoned me while I (cook-was cooked-am cooking-was cooking) the dinner. 18-Something is wrong with his car, so he (has taken-has been taken-was taken-is being taken) it to the garage. 19-I (have seen-saw-would see-was seen) him a few days ago. 20-Hamlet (wrote-had written-was written-was writing) by Shakespeare. 21-I used to (drove-drive-driving-driven) very slowly. I drive faster now. 22-He didn’t (use-using-uses-used) to need much sleep. He does now. 23-Somebody phoned me while the dinner (was cooking-was being cooked-cooked-had been cooked). 24-While father (was reading-read-had read-has read) the paper, mother was cooking dinner. 25-Where did you (used-using-use-uses) to play when you were young?

More Ex

1)Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d : 1. The city has eight ................, each with a representative on the City Council. a) distinctions b) disruptions c) districts d) disputes 2. Hundreds of athletes from Egypt came to .......... in the games. a) complete b) conflict c) compete d) delete 3. It is the ............. to greet someone when you meet them. a) routine b) custom c) prize d) customer

4. Using a typewriter is ............. . Now we use computers. a) poetic b) vague c) ancient d) old-fashioned 5. Dr Fathi has performed a new type of surgery. He is considered a(n) ................ in his field. a) routine b) pioneer c) complication d) explorer 6. This author uses complex sentences. That is her ........... of writing. a) routine b) pen c) fashion d) style 7. With his book The Country of Men, Hisham Matar has become a(n) ............. author. a) established b) literal c) eventual d) artistic 8. The ........... of vaccines to prevent diseases has helped to save many lives. a) styling b) development c) establishment d) custom 9. When the ............ requires you to follow a rule, you can receive a penalty if you disregard it. a) style b) law c) pioneer d) custom 10. In eastern countries, it is ........... to remove your shoes before you enter a home. a) legal b) pioneering c) routine d) customary 11. My friend and I are going to enter an athletics ………….. . a- competition b- composition c- recognition d- champion 12. Professor Jones gave Ayman a camera and all its …………….. . a- attacks b- attachments c- mails d- letters 13. Leila sent an e-mail to Samira and ………….. an image. a- attended b- attacked c- attracted d- attached 14. Al –Ahram Weekly,…………………. my article. a- wrote b- translated c- published d- did 15. Midday is 12 o'clock in the day, but midnight is 12 o'clock at ……… . a- night b- noon c- day d- knight 16. It is not ………………….. , it is old-fashioned. a- modern b- ancient c- dirty d- clean 17. To …………. means to make a new product or idea successful. a- divide b- develop c- retire d- recite 18. Al Sydia Zainab is a famous ……………….. of Cairo. a-restrict b- governorate c- system d- district 19. Naguib Mahfouz used simple ……………….. in his novels. a- style b- draft c- styles d- symbol 20. Hassna is a ………………………… girl. a- fashion b- fashioned c- fascism d- fashionable 21. Yehia Haqqi studied ………………… at university to be a lawyer. a- low b- law c- medicine d- art 22. Haqqi worked as a ………………. in different countries. a-ambassador b- diplomat c- writer d- translator 23. Yehia Haqqi wrote a ……………………… of short stories. a-group b- school c- pack d- collection 24. As well as ………………. two books , he wrote short stories. a- write b- wrote c- writing d- writes 25. His story, the post man , was …………………. into a film. a- make b- made c- makes d- making 26. This shop sells goods at ……………………… prices. a- limited b- fix c- fixed d- fox 27. She is a graduate ……………… Oxford University. a- in b- of c- from d- at 28. He is a publisher. His work is to ………………..stories and novels. a- write b- translate c– publish d- public 29. Al Gamalya is a famous ……………… of Cairo. a- restrict b- governorate c– system d- district 30. I really enjoyed that book , it is written in a very simple …………….. a- style b- road c– draft d- styles 31. My sister loves clothes and buys …………….. dresses.

a- very old b- traditional c– fashionable d- old-fashioned 32. He won a prize for one of the …………….. of his short stories. a- pack b- school c- collect d- collection 33. He worked …………….. for more than 20 years. a- aboard b- above c- abroad d- ashore 34. He has a …………….. routine in writing. a- fixed b- fixing c- fax d- mix 35. As …………….. as I am concerned , this is an interesting book. a- long b- soon c- tall d- far 36. He cannot work because of his …………………….. . a- ability b- facility c- flexibility d - disability 37. A …………….. is one of the first people to do something that others will continue. a- biologist b- beginner c- pioneer d- babysitter 38. All people must ………………. the law. a- obey b- break c- destroy d- damage 39. Some people believe that ……………… on animals should be banned. a-experiments b- experience c- experiences d- examples 40. There was nobody in the house ……………………….. Ali. a- rather than b- other than c- otherwise d- other 41. I had several bad ……………… during my last trip. a- experiences b- experience c- experiments d- extensions 42. I haven't had a steady ……………. since last March. a- career b- job c- work d- profession 43. He is regarded as one of the …………….. of modern science. a- heads b- bosses c- supervisors d- pioneers 44. Midday is 12 in the day, but ……………….is 12 at night. a- midyear b- midnight c- mid evening d- good night 45. The person who does something that others will continue is………… a- pioneer b- engineer c- journalist d- chemist 46. They still wear …………….. clothes in Siwa Oasis. a- habits b- traditional c- customs d- tradition 47. We always take a three …………. holiday at the end of the year. a-months b- month's c- month d- months' 48. Ali is ……………….of Ain Shams University. a-graduated b- graduate c- graduating d- a graduate 49. My father is a / an …………... He is interested in politics. a-engineer b- diplomat c- politician d- political 50. When I was seven, I wrote a poem which won 2nd prize in a competition …… school children. a- for b- to c- with d- by 51. I used to write very quickly- I finished most short stories …………… two or three days. a- in b- for c- since d- to 52. I’m ……………I use a pencil and paper. I’ve tried using a computer, but it gave me a headache. a- fashionable b- fashioned c- old-fashioned d- fashionably 53. When I’m happy ……………… what I’ve written, my secretary types it onto the computer. a- to b- for c- by d- with 52. My publisher ………. that I send everything as an e-mail attachment. a-persists b- assists c- insists d- resists 53. I spend two or three days ……. the week’s work until I’m happy with what I’ve written. a- to check b- checking c- check d- to checking 54. Yehia Haqqi was born in the Sayyida Zeinab …………… of Cairo. a- distinction b- district c- distract d- distort 55. He graduated in ……. and worked for a short time as a lawyer. a- dew b- law c- low d- sew 56. In 1929, he began his …………….. as a diplomat a- job b- profession c- career d- life

57. The time he spent in France, Italy, Turkey and Libya gave him ………………... A- experiencing b- experienced c- Expert d- experiences 58. Haqqi wrote in a new way about Arab society and …………….. in the twentieth century. a- costumes b- consumes c- customs d- consumption 59. He was a very strong ……… in the power of education and supported many writers. a- belief b- believe c- believer d-believers 60. Early black and white photos show people in ………………..clothes. a- fashionable b- old-fashioned c- fashionably d- fashion 61. I don’t really have a ……..…….during the holidays. a- red tape b- routine c- system d- rest 62. My friend and I are going to enter an athletics …….……..We all hope to win something. a- game b- tour c- course d- competition 63. Yehia Haqqi came from a poor ……………of Cairo. a- distract b- district c- distort d- distinct B 2)Translate into Arabic: 1)Sports and games play an important role in building up the body and the character. Through sports, young people find an outlet to their energies.. 2)As well as writing his own novels and stories, Haqqi also translated Russian, French, Italian and Turkish literature into Arabic. He was a very strong believer in the power of education and supported many young Egyptian writers. 3) Some Egyptian writers have written books and articles advocating the rights of women. They have called for women's equality with men.. 4) Many studies have shown that it is better to wear your seat belt when you are driving a car .Seat belts greatly reduce the risk of death or injury in accidents . 5) Translate into English: .‫ تنشأ المكتبات العامة في كل مكان لتشجيع أفراد السرة علي القراءة‬.1 .‫ تسعي الدول المحبة للسلم لخلء العالم من أسلحة المار الشامل‬.2 .‫ يجب علي الوالدين توجيه ورعاية أبنائهم ليواصلوا رحلة الحياة بأمان‬.3 . ‫ ندرة المياه قد تكون سببا في اندلع الحروب بين الدول في المستقبل‬.4 .‫ تفخر مصر بكتابها العظماء أمثال نجيب محفوظ الحائز علي جائزة نوبل في الدب‬.5 .‫ بساطة السلوب و سهولته أهم ما ميز يحي حقي‬.6 Exercises

3)Choose the correct answer : on the grammar of unit 1

1. His style of painting ........... over the years. a) have changed b) changing c) is changed d) has changed 2.While he was working as clerk for a judge, he ......... himself as a great legal writer. a) establishes b) established c) establishing d) has established 3.Zeinab’s biographical accounts of her life ... by her brother Ahmed. a) were written b) was written c) wrote d) had been written 4.Those old stories are still ............. by many children today. a) loved b) loving c) being loved d) love 5.As far as Hany .... concerned,that team hasn’t a chance of winning a) were b) been c) is d) was 6.Fawzi ......... already read some of Haqqi’s writing before learning about him in class. a) have b) had c) is d) was 7.Many students ....... questions for the speaker before he arrived. a) had prepared b) have prepared c) prepare d) been preparing 8.What .......... you doing when the lights went out last night? a) was b) had been c) have d) were 9.The children ...... tails to their donkey pictures then hung them up. a) are attaching b) have attached c) attached d) had attached 10.Fatma ......... her own room since they moved to the new house in Sheikh Zaid. a) is having b) has c) has had d) had 11.………………..stories for as long as can remember .

a) was writing b) am writing c) have writtend) written 12.He ……….. the piano since he was eight. a) plays b) is playing c) has played d) had played 13.We ……….. our old friends for a year. They are too busy. a) hadn't met b) didn't meet c) haven't met d) haven't been met 14.After they ……… the match, the players jumped with joy. a) would win b) win c) winning d) had won 15.A long time has passed ……….. I saw him. a) as long as b) because c) since d) until 16.It ……….. for the past three hours. It hasn't stopped yet. a) has rained b) had rained c) was raining d) has been raining 17.After he ……….. some good news, he left home. a) had received b) has received c) is received d) receives 18.They ……….. what to do for the holidays yet. a) hadn't decided b) haven't decided c) don't decided) won't decide 19.They couldn't go swimming because they …….. their swimsuits. a) forget b) have forgotten c) had forgotten d) will forget 20.Before ……….. for London, he had paid off his debts. a) leaving b) left c) had left d) leave 21.Hany couldn't answer the phone because ……….. a shower. a) had b) was having c) had d) had had 22.I ……….. a book when somebody knocked on the door. a) read b) has read c) am reading d) was reading 23.By the time he reached the bus stop, the bus ……….. a) leave b) leaves c) will leave d) had left 24.She has been to America. This means that she ……….. there. a) is still b) is no longer c) will be d) won't be 25.They ……… to spend the feast with us every year until we moved. a) use b) are used c) have used d) used 26.……… I started my job, I have met important people from all over the world. a) For b) Since c) Until d) When 27.While I was reading the newspaper, the telephone ……… a) has rung b) is ringing c) rings d) rang 28.Where ……… your sister use to live ? a) did b) does c) do d) has done 29.While I was doing the shopping, I ……… one of my friends. a) was meeting b) met c) have met d) had met 30.It's a month ……… Hind last visited her uncle. a) for b) since c) of d) to 31.While I ……… home, I saw some of my friends. a) am walking b) was walking c) had walked d) walk 1.……… seeing the road accident, the motorists drove more carefully. a) On b) Without c) Despite d) Over 32.When l was seven, l ……………. a poem which won a prize. a- is writing b- wrote c- have written d- written 33.While I was finishing one story, I ……..of the next one. a- thinking b- was thinking c- thought d- have thought 34.I used to …………………very quickly. a- be written b- write c- writing d- be writing 35.As soon as I …………..a story, I sent it to the magazine editor. a-'d finished b- have finished c- finished d- finish 36.My last novel …………………six times. a- was changed b- changed c- changing d- changes 37.This book …………………by a famous writer. a- was written b- written c- wrote d- was writing 38.I ............. reading novels since l was a young child.

a- enjoy b- enjoyed c- have enjoyed d- had enjoyed 39.Yesterday, my sister gave me a book she .........reading the day before. a- finished b- has finished c- had finishedd- finishes 40.It ………..while I was reading the newspaper.. a- was being delivered b- delivers c- was delivered d- delivered 41.I....... at least one book a week, but now I don't read so many.. a- have read b- didn’t read c- was reading d- read 42.I …………football for three years. a- play b- have played c- was playing d- had played 43.I …………………a car accident while coming to school. a- was seeing b- saw c- see d- have seen 44.You look pale. ……….. to you ? a- Has anything happened b- Will anything happen c- had anything happened d- Was anything happening 45.When Nermeen went back to school, she found she …. the wrong composition the day before. a- wrote b- had written c- has written d- had been written 46.She ……….. a magazine when somebody knocked at the door. a- read b- reads c- was readingd- had read 47.As soon as the teacher ……….. the lesson, the students started to ask their questions. a- finishes b- have finished c- had finishedd- will finish 48.It ……….. very cold lately, but it's just beginning to get warmer. a- was b- has been c- is d- had been 49.I said "Hello" to my uncle, but he couldn't hear me because he ……….. to the radio. a- has listened b- was listening c- is listening d- would listen 50.It's more than 20 years ……….. I traveled abroad. a- while b- before c- when d- since 51.I ……..the newspaper everyday .Now I don’t have the time. a- used to read b- was reading c- had read d- have read 52.I …………the film before I read the book. a- already saw b- have already seen c- had already seen d- has already seen 53.What …………..when I called you? You seemed very busy. a- have you been doing b- were you doing c- are you doing d- did you do 54.I ………..my computer for three years now. a- have been having b- was having c- had d- have had 55.While she ………..her homework, she was listening to music. a- were doing b- was doing c- did d- doing 56.He………..the tree when he suddenly fell down. a- climbed b- climbs c- was climbing d- will climb 57.They saw the fighting people while………..home. a- were driving b- drove c- driving d- drive 58.My sister………..the room while I was making tea. a- cleaned b- was cleaning c- is cleaning d- cleans 59.They saw the accident while………..home. a- were driving b- drove c- driving d- drive 60.They ………..out of the bank when the policeman caught them. a- ran b- were running c- had run d- are running 61.As he was carrying the vase, he ………..it on the floor. a- drops b- dropped c- had dropped d- was dropping 62.We ………..some difficulty with Maths recently. a- had b- have had c- are having d - were having 63.I haven't written a letter since I ………..to England. a- travelled b -will travel c -have travelled d - travel 64.My brother………..to Paris, he came back last week. a- is going b- will go c - has gone d- has been 65.Since I graduated, I ………..in this company. a- have been working b- had worked c- worked d- will work 66.He ………..the bike for an hour but he hasn't finished yet.

a- has been mending b- has mended c- will mend d- mended 67.It is ages since we………..some good news. a- have heard b- had heard c- heard d- was hearing 4 Finish the following dialogue: Amir is discussing his homework with Nasser. Amir I need to research information about Rudyard Kipling for an essay, but I don't know which website to use. Nasser 1)..................................................................................................................? Amir I tried typing his name into a search engine but I got hundreds of results. One website said that he wrote only one poem. Nasser 2)................................................................................................................... He wrote lots of poems. Where did you find that information? Amir It's a website called All about poems. Do you think that the information is wrong? Nasser Yes. 3).............................................. I think that's incorrect. What's the title of the essay? Amir 4 )..................................................................................................................... Nasser OK. Type the essay title Rudyard Kipling's most popular poems in the search engine. You will get fewer results now. Amir Yes, look: Kipling's ten most popular poems! Nasser 5 )..................................................................................................................? Amir Yes, I think it is very useful. Nasser It's important to write down your sources of information. 6 ).............................................? Amir That's a good idea. I'll w rite it at the bottom of my work. 5 Write a paragraph of about ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY (120) words on ONE (1) of the following: a a summary of a book that you have enjoyed b a teacher who has helped you 6 A Translate into Arabic:

1-To improve the Egyptian economy, we have to encourage foreign investments in Egypt. ‫لباد أن نشجع الساتثمارات الجنبية في مصر من أجل تحسين القاتصاد المصري‬. 2-Unless we take effective measures to protect the environment, our planet will be in great danger. (‫ فإن كوكبنا ساوف يكون في خطر عظيم )سايتعرض لخطر داهم‬، ‫ما لم نتخذ الجراءات الفعالة لحماية البيئة‬. 3-Scientists believe that many plant and animal species will become extinct as a result global warming and environmental pollution. ‫يعتقد العلماء أن الكثير من أنواع النبات و الحيوان ساوف تصبح منقرضة نتيجة للحاتباس الحراري و التلوث البيئي‬. 4-Environmental pollution is the most serious problem which human beings have to face in the twenty-first century. ‫إن التلوث البيئي هو أخطر مشكلة يتعين علي البشر أن يواجهونها في القرن الحادي و العشرين‬. 5-Research has proved that people whose diets are rich in vitamins are less likely to develop some types of cancer. ‫أثبتت الباحاث أن الناس الذين يتناولون غذاء غنيا باالفيتامينات يقل احاتمال تعرضهم للصاباة بابعض أنواع السرطان‬. 6-The burning of fuel and deforestation is causing a serious climate change. ‫إن حارق الوقاود و إزالة الغاباات يسببان تغيرا مناخيا خطيرا‬. B Translate ONE (1) sentence only into English: .‫ لقد كتب الروائي عبد التواب يوسف العديد من قصص الطأفال المثيرة‬-1 .‫ اتصلت بالشرطأة و حضروا علي الفور‬, ‫ بمجرد أني رأيت الحادث‬-2 B Reading Comprehension 2 Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Dear Ali,

How are you? I had wanted to email you before I started my new job, but I did not have time! I've now worked here for two weeks. I'm working in an old building in the middle of the city at the moment and I travel to work by bus. By the end of next year, they will have finished building a new office in a different part of the city. So after that, I'll be travelling to work every day on the metro! Before I started this job, I hadn't known very much about new technology. Now I use it every day. I often talk to people in other countries, using the internet. The work is different every day. Yesterday I was interviewing a businesswoman from Japan. Today I'm visiting a new hotel in Cairo and tomorrow I'm going to a meeting in Damietta. I think I'll have to get up very early because the train leaves at 5a.m.! The job is very tiring and I don't have a routine yet, but I'm enjoying it. I have already written a lot of articles. You can read them online. I've met some famous people, too. There is a photo of me interviewing a politician in the attachment to this email. He works for the Ministry of Antiquities, so he knows all about ancient Egypt. I haven't met any sports people yet, but there is an important tennis competition next month. There are some famous tennis players going there and I'm sure I'll interview one. Write soon. Best wishes, Munir 1 For how long has Munir done this job? a for a year b for two weeks c since he moved offices d since last May 2 Why does he have to get up early tomorrow? a He's interviewing a businessman. b He's visiting a new hotel. c He is going to a meeting. d He's interviewing a politician. 3 Why did someone take a photo of Munir? a He is famous. b He was meeting a famous person. c He wanted a photo to send to his friend. d Because his article is online. 4 What is the main idea of the email? a Munir's new job is boring. b Munir doesn't like his new job. c Munir's new job is busy but exciting. d Munir wants his job to pay him more money. S What does the underlined word one refer to? a tennis competitions c a famous tennis player b business people d a politician 6 What does the word antiquities means? a very old things b farming c medicine d education 7 Find a suitable subject for t his email. 8 How does Munir usually communicate with people in the countries? 9 What job do you think Munir does? 10 Why didn't Munir email his friend before he got the job? D) Writing 8-Write a paragraph of about 120 words on: 1-The role played by the youth in building their country ‫الدور الذي يلعبه الشباب في بناء بلدهم‬ 2-increasng production is the only soulution to many problems ………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… … A) Translate into Arabic:

1 Food shortage threatens the lives of millions of people all over the world. ‫نقص الغذاء يهدد حاياة المليين من البشر في كل أنحاء العالم‬. 2-Poor soil and diminishing water supplies are contributing to famines throughout the world. ‫ان الترباة الفقيرة و تناقاص امدادات المياه تسهم في حادوث المجاعات في أنحاء العالم‬. 3-You can prevent getting infected by swine flu by avoiding close contact with people who show influenza-like symptoms ‫يمكنك أن تمنع الصااباة باانفلونزا الخنازير عن طريق تجنب التصال الوثيق باالناس الذين تظهر عليهم أعراض مشاباهة لعراض‬ ‫النفلونزا‬. 4-Most experts believe that getting a job in the future will require special skills. Therefore, we have to prepare our children well for the future. ‫معظم الخبراء يعتقدون أن الحصول علي وظيفة في المستقبل ساوف يتطلب مهارات خاصاة ولذلك ل باد أن نعد أطفالنا جيدا‬ ‫للمستقبل‬. 5-Illiteracy is a serious social problem and we have to exert great efforts to eliminate it. ‫إن المية مشكلة اجتماعية خطيرة ول باد أن نبذل جهودا كبيرة للقضاء عليها‬. 6--We should do our best to attract more and more tourists with the aim of increasing our national income. B) Translate into English:

.‫ كل عام يسلم رئيس الجمهورية الكتاب و العلماء المتميزين جوائز قيمة‬-1 ............................................................................................................................................. . .‫ كتب يحيى حقى قنديل أم هاشم و التى كان لها تأثير ايجابى على الرواية العربية‬-2 ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... .........

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‫للتواصل‬ 21

Unit 2: My Father-An Egyptian Teacher

‫شأكر خاص للستاذ حماده حشيش‬ Word association cultural ministry political science lecture importance influence influential discipline layer responsible responsibility

Meaning ‫جمعية‬ ‫ثقافى‬ ‫وزارة‬ ‫سياسيه‬ ‫علوم‬ ‫يحاضر‬

Word gentle prepare well give goals plan achieve introduction

Meaning ‫لطيف‬ ‫يعد جيدا‬ ‫يحدد أهداف‬ ‫خطة‬ ‫يحقق‬ ‫مقدمة‬

‫ أهمية‬steps ‫ تأثير‬fresh ideas ‫ مؤثر‬silence ‫ انضباط‬inspire – ‫ طبقمممممممة‬encourage to ‫قشرة‬ ‫ مسؤول‬discourage from ‫ مسؤلية‬design 22

Word Meaning ‫ناجح‬ a success ‫قرية‬ village ‫أطفال‬ children ‫تخرج في‬ graduated in ‫خريج‬ a graduate of Ministry of Education ‫وزارة التعليم‬ ‫ خطوات‬die of ‫يممممممممموت‬ ‫بسبب‬ ‫ أفكار جديدة‬later ‫فيما بعد‬ ‫يكسمممممممب‬ – ‫ هممممممممدوء‬earn money ‫مال‬ ‫صمت‬ ‫ يلهم‬win money ‫يفمممممممممموز‬ ‫بجمممممممائزة‬ ‫مالية‬ ‫ يشجع على‬send to ‫يرسل الى‬ ‫ ل يشمممممممجع‬married to ‫على‬ ‫ تصميم‬married with

‫متزوج من‬ ‫ممممممممتزوج‬

semicircle serious silence spoil

‫نصف دائرة‬ ‫جاد‬ ‫يصمت‬ ‫يفسد‬

discussion sit in circle Good luck with

strict honour head teacher realize recognize worried about

‫حازم‬ ‫شرف‬ ‫مدرس أول‬ ‫يدرك‬ ‫يتعرف على‬ ‫قلق‬

dream about society engineer layers whatever level

qualities quantities natural with lecturer learn about fatherly

‫ صفات‬reach ‫ كميات‬dig deeper ‫طبيعى‬ ‫محاضر‬ ‫يتعلم‬ ‫ حنون‬.‫أبوي‬

‫مناقشة‬ ‫يجلس في‬ ‫دائرة‬ ‫حممظ سممعيد‬ ‫في‬ ‫يحلم بممممم‬ ‫مجتمع‬ ‫مهندس‬ ‫طبقات‬ ‫مهما‬ ‫مستوي‬

culture organization set up important events awards for famous translate translator interpreter

‫ يصل‬lectured at ‫ يحفر أعمق‬Ohio University ‫ أغنى‬aged ‫ الفضل‬face ‫ يكبر‬demand ‫ في الحقيقة‬ache

richer the best grow up in fact

‫وعنده‬ ‫الثقافة‬ ‫مؤسسة‬ ‫ينشيء‬ ‫هام‬ ‫أحداث‬ ‫جوائز‬ ‫مشهور‬ ‫يترجم‬ ‫مترجم‬ ‫ممممممممترجم‬ ‫فوري‬ ‫يحاضر في‬ ‫جامعمممممممة‬ ‫أوهايو‬ ‫في عمر‬ ‫يواجه‬ ‫يطلب‬ ‫يؤلم‬

My Father, An Egyptian Teacher For all those who have had the honour of being called “teacher". The head teacher realised that the young teacher was worried about his first lesson at the school. “Don’t worry, you have all the qualities to be a good teacher!” he said. “You are very natural with the students. You’re serious and responsible, warm but strict. That is what I’ve learnt about you in the short time you’ve been here. You will need to discipline the students, but you’ll be fatherly and gentle.” “Do you think so? I’ve always prepared my lessons well,” said the teacher. “I give myself goals and plan how to achieve them. I plan an introduction and then use steps. And I like to use paintings and pictures,” said the teacher that’s good. You’ve come with fresh ideas,” answered the head. “I believe that a teacher mustn’t silence his students. He must inspire them and encourage them to communicate and to take part in conversations.” “You don’t want to spoil the students,” warned the head. “Oh, I won’t. We should encourage them to move around the class. We can change the design of the classroom: if there’s a discussion, the students can sit in a circle or semicircle. We could even have the class outside, under the trees!” said the teacher. Good luck with your first class tomorrow,” said the head .The head teacher left him dreaming about his new life as a teacher. He believed that his was the most important job: he was society’s engineer, helping to build it. A teacher is like the layers of the earth: whatever 23

level you reach, you can dig deeper to find more layers that are even richer than before. His was the best job in the world

Definitions association cultural ministry political science lectured importance influenced discipline layer responsible semicircle serious silence spoil strict honour

an organization for people with the same interests, or who do the same kind of work relating to art, music, literature etc. a government department the study of the ideas and activities that are concerned with how a country is governed talked to a group of people about a subject the quality of being important had an effect on the way someone or something develops or behaves to teach someone to obey rules and control their own behavior one of several levels of different materials that are on top of each other sensible and able to be trusted a group arranged in a curved line quiet and sensible make someone stop giving their opinion let a child have or do whatever they want making sure that people always obey rules. something that makes you feel proud and happy The unit in points

1 - Many people have grown up reading the books of Abdel-Tawab Youssef. 2 - in 1945 he started studying political science at Cairo University. 3 - He graduated in 1950. 4 – He worked for the Egyptian Ministry of Education. 5 - That must have been a difficult time for him. 6 - He wanted to earn enough money to send his sisters to school. 7 - He married Noaila Rashed in 1956 and they had three children. children. 8 - He set up the Children’s Culture Association in 1968. 9 – He started writing children’s stories for radio and television. 10 - He started to write novels, poems and plays, often about important events . 11 – He won many awards for his writings. 12 – People have translated his books into many languages. 13 – He lectured at the University of Ohio in the United States. 14 – He died in 2015, aged 87. 15 – People who have had the honour of being called” Teacher”. 16 – The head teacher realized that the young teacher was worried. 17 – You have all the qualities to be a good teacher. 18 – You are very natural with the students, serious and responsible, but strict. strict. 24

19 – I have learnt about you. 20 – You will need to discipline the students, but you will be fatherly and gentle. 21 – I have always prepared my lessons well. well. 22 – I give myself goals and plan how to achieve them. 23 – I plan and introduction and then I use steps and I like to use paintings and pictures. 24 – You have come with fresh ideas. ideas. 25 – I believe a teacher mustn’t silence his students. 26 – A teacher must inspire and encourage his students to communicate and take part in conversations. 27 – The head warned the teacher not to spoil his students. 28 – We should encourage students to move around the class. 29 – Students can sit in a circle or semicircle. 30 – We could have the class outside, outside, under the trees. 31 – Good luck with your first class. 32 – The head teacher left him dreaming about his new life as a teacher. 33 – He believed that his job was the most important job. 34 – A teacher is like the layers of the earth. 35 – Whatever level you reach, you can dig deeper to find more layers that are even richer than before. Reading Text My father, An Egyptian Teacher

For all those who have had the honour of being called “Teacher”. The head teacher realized that the young teacher was worried about his first lesson at the school. “Don’t worry, you have all the qualities to be a good teacher,” he said. “ You are very natural with the students. You are serious and responsible but strict. That is what I have learnt about you in the short time you have been here. You will need to discipline the students, but you will be fatherly and gentle.” “Do “Do you think so, I have always prepared my lessons well,” said the teacher. “I give myself goals and plan how to achieve them. I plan an introduction and then use steps. And I like to use paintings and pictures,” said the teacher. “That is good. You have come with fresh ideas,” answered the head. 25

“I “I believe that a teacher mustn’t silence his students. He must inspire them and encourage them to communicate and to take part in conversations.” “You don’t want to spoil the students,” warned the head. “Oh, “Oh, I won’t, we should encourage them to move around the class. We can change the design of the classroom: if there’s a discussion, the students can sit in a circle or semicircle. We could even have the class outside, under the trees!” said the teacher. “ Good luck with your first class tomorrow,” said the head. The head teacher left him dreaming about his new life as a teacher. He believed that his was the most important job: he was society’s engineer, helping to build it. A teacher is like the layers of the earth: whatever level you reach, you can dig deeper to find more layers that are even richer than before. His was the best job in the world. TAPESCRIPT

INTERVIEWER: INTERVIEWER: Many people have grown up reading the books of Abdel-Tawab Youssef. In Fact, I have just finished one of his books, called MY FATHER, AN EGYPTIAN TEACHER. With me today is Mrs Abdelaziz. She has written a book about why the writer became successful. So, Mrs Abdelaziz, Was Youssef from Cairo? Mrs Abdelaziz: Abdelaziz: No, he wasn’t, although he lived all his life there. He was born in 1928 in a small village near Beni Suef. When he was a child, he loved to read children’s books and also loved writing. INTERVIEWER: INTERVIEWER: Did he go to university? Mrs Abdelaziz: Abdelaziz: Yes, in 1945 he started studying political science at Cairo University. He graduated in 1950 and then worked for the Egyptian Ministry of Education but six months later, his father died. INTERVIEWER: INTERVIEWER: That must have been a difficult time for him. Mrs Abdelaziz: Abdelaziz: 26

That’s right. He wanted to live in Cairo with his mother and his three younger sisters. His uncles didn’t think that was a good idea, but he wanted to earn enough money to send his sisters to school, which was unusual at that time. INTERVIEWER: INTERVIEWER: When did he start writing children book? Mrs Abdelaziz: Abdelaziz: He didn’t start for many years. He married Noaila Rashed in 1956 and they had three children. He set up the Children’s Culture Association in 1968 and he travelled to many countries to study children’s culture, but he didn’t start writing until 1975. INTERVIEWER: INTERVIEWER: What happened then? Mrs Abdelaziz: Abdelaziz: Well, in 1957, started writing children’s stories for radio and television. The stories were very successful and so he started to write novels, poems and plays, often about important events and people in the world. He won many awards for his writing. INTERVIEWER: INTERVIEWER: Are his books only famous in Egypt? Mrs Abdelaziz: Abdelaziz: No. Since he became famous in Egypt, people have translated his books into many languages, including English, French and Chinese. He travelled a lot too. In 1985 , he lectured at the University of Ohio in the United States………………………………………. literature. He died in 2015, aged 87. INTERVIEWER: INTERVIEWER: His books have influenced children for many years, and I am sure children will continue to enjoy his books in the future. Thank you! Exercises Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d : 1 – Mr Youssef set up an…………………….. to help children in 1968. a – association b – bookshop c – library d – opera 2 – Ali’s grandfather was a doctor and worked for the ……………. of health. a – ministry b – trade c – embassy d – factory 3 – The teacher told us about the………………………. of revising before the exam. a – ugliness b – importance c – uselessness d – worthless 4 – The tourists went on a ……………………….. tour of Egypt, visiting all the sites. a – industrial b – tiny c – agricultural d – cultural 5 – My history teacher …………………… my decision to become a teacher, too. a – influence b – influencing c – influenced d – influential 6 – Mona’s uncle is an expert on science and often…………. at the university. a – lectures b – structures c – attracts d – attaches 7 – Shakespeare’s plays have been very………… many writers have used his stories. a – furless b – bitter c – useless d – influential 8 – The football team are playing with a lot of …………… I think they are going to win! a – inconfidence b – confident c – confidential d – confidence 9 – Don’t lose those forms. They are very …………………………… a – bad b – unimportant c – useless d – important 10 – What is the …………….. in meaning between where and wear? a – difference b – same c – safety d – different 11 – You need a lot of ………………. to be good at chess. 27

a – intelligence b – food c – fun d – flour 12 – A week-old moon has the shape of ………………………………….. a – square b – triangle c – semicircle d – circle 13 – When you……………………. means to make someone stop giving their opinions. a – silence b – kill c – argue d – communicate 14 - …………… is the practice of making someone obey rules and orders. a – discrimination b – discipline c – distribute d – contribute 15 - When you let a child do whatever they want, with the result that they behave badly…………………….. a – boil b – spill c – spoil d – spell 16 – The behavior that is typical of a kind or concerned father means……………….. a – fatherly b – motherly c – childish d – sisterly 17 – ………. are the several levels of different materials that are on top of each other. a – layers b – floors c – grounds d – lawyers 18 – Someone who is sensible and can be trusted…………………………… a – responsible b – irresponsible c – lazy d – reckless 19 - Someone who is quiet and does not often laugh……………………….. a – funny b – clown c – serious d – selfish 20 – Someone who makes sure that people always obey rules and does not let people behave badly ……………………………….. a – strict b – infectious c – printer d – jelly 21 – I ran for ten kilometers yesterday and now my legs……………………… a – ache b – ruck c – sack d – buck 22 – Phone me after school and we can have a ………… about the weekend. a – chat b – poem c – mat d – argument 23 – Let’s play a game in the………………. between lessons. a – meek b – leak c – fake d – break 24 – The tourists sat by the pool and ………………………….. the sun. a – faced b – raised c – mailed d – haled 25 – The teacher…………… to know why the students were all late. a – demanded b – wandered c – wounded d – handed 26 – We…………….. to go to Greece for the holidays next year. a - plan b - plane c - plant d – planet 28 – I have the ………………… of being a teacher. a - honour b - habit c - shy d – ashamed 28 – The head teacher ………….. that the young teacher was worried. a - recognized b - realized c – identified d – qualified 29 – He has all the ………………. to be a good teacher. a - relations b - quantities c - amounts d – qualities 30 – A good teacher should………………………. the students. a – discipline b - attack c - kill d – insult 31 – I ………………… myself goals and plan how to achieve them. a – give b – achieve c – score d - reach 32 – He is imaginative, he always comes with…………………. ideas. a – fresh b - flesh c – rotten d – bad 33 – A good teacher must …………. his students and encourage them. a – conspire b - inspire c - desire d – aspire 34 – My father always encourages me to take………………. in conversations. 28

a – on b - after c - place d – part 35 – You shouldn’t ……………… your student. a – encourage b - spoil c – help d – respect 36 – If there is a discussion, the students can…………………in a circle or semicircle. a – sit b – set c – site d - slip 37 – Good …………………………with your first match tomorrow. a – look b – leak c – luck d – puck 38 – The head teacher left him……………….. about his new life as a teacher. a – viewing b – leaning c – watering d – dreaming 39 – A teacher is ……………… the layers of the earth. a – likes b – like c – liked d - liking 40 – …………………… level you reach, you can dig deeper. a – But b – However c – Whatever d – Why 41 – Many people have ……………….up reading the books of Abel-Tawab. a – grown b – eaten c – slept d – died 42 – In 1945, he started studying…………………….. science at Cairo University. a – politico b – political c – politician d - policy 43 – He -----------------------in 1950. a – graduate b – graduated c – will graduate d – graduating 44 – When his father died , it was a………………time for him. a – easy b – good c – difficult d – nice 45 – He wanted to……………… enough money to send his sisters to school. a – earn b – win c – gain d - lose 46 – He wanted to send his sisters to school,……………. was unusual at that time. a – who b – which c – where d – why 47 – He was married ……………………… A son and a daughter. a – to b – with c – from d – in 48 – He set up Children’s…………………..Association to study children’s culture. a – Culture b – Agriculture c – Industry d – Farming 49 – His books have………………….. children for many years. a – influenced b – punished c – vanished d – threatened 50 – He ……………………at the University of Ohio. a – lectured b – pictured c – addicted d – evicted 2 - Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Some animals in northern countries have a way to adapt to long, cold winter weather. It is called hibernation. Hibernation is like deep sleep. his allows the animals to save their energy when there is no food. These animals’ bodies go through several changes during their hibernation. For example, the bear is the largest animal that hibernates. Its heart normally beats 40 to 50 times per minute. When the bear is hibernating, its heart beats only 8 to 12 times per minute. Its body temperature also drops. Some animals hibernate all winter without waking. Other animals wake up now and then to eat some of the food they have stored for winter. When the weather becomes colder in the autumn, a substance called Hibernation Inducement Trigger (HIT) becomes active in the blood of animals that hibernate. The (HIT) makes the animals start to prepare for winter by either storing food or eating a lot to add more fat to their 29

bodies. This fat helps their bodies to keep warm and is a source of energy during the animals’ hibernation. A ) Choose the correct answer:1- In which of these countries do some animals hibernate in winter? a. Egypt and Libya b. South Africa and Australia c. Sudan and China d. Canada and Russia 2- The bear’s heartbeat goes down to---------------beats per minute during hibernation. a. 8 -12 b. 40 - 50 c. 8 – 40 d. 12- 50 3 – ……………animals hibernate all the winter without waking. a. All

b. Some

c. Few

d. Little

4 – (HIT) becomes ………………… in the blood of animals that hibernate. a. Active

b. passive

c. negative

d. lazy

5 – Fat helps their bodies to keep warm and is a source of ……….. during the animals’ hibernation. a. sleep

b. drinking

c. eating

d – energy

6 – Some animals in …………countries have a way to adapt to long, cold winter weather. a. Southern

b . Northern

c. Eastern

d. Western

B) - Answer the following questions:7- Why do some animals hibernate? 8- What changes happen in an animal’s body when it hibernates? 9- When does (HIT) become active? 10 - What do animals do to prepare for winter? 2 – Finish the following dialogue Ragab is talking to his friend Magdi. Magdi. Ragab: I’d like to keep ft. (1)……………………………………………….? Magdi: Yes. If I were you, I’d go swimming every day. day. Ragab: The swimming pool is a long way from my house. How can I get there? there? Magdi: (2)…………………………………………………………………………………… Ragab: That’s a good idea. I’m sure some students in our class go there by bus. I can go with them. them. Magdi: I’d really like to start a new hobby but I’m not sure which one .(3) ………………… ? Ragab: Why don’t you start collecting coins? I collect them already so I could help you. you. Magdi: (4) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------? Ragab: I started it 5 years ago. Magdi: Is it a useful hobby? Ragab: (5)……………………………………………………………………………………… Magdi: How is it useful? Ragab: (6)…………………………………………………………………………………….. Magdi Thanks, Ragab. That’s a good idea. I will do it. 30

3 – Writing 3 - Write a paragraph of about ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY (120) words on ONE (1) of the following: 1 - The qualities of a good teacher. 2 - A teacher who has helped you.

4 - Translation A ) Translate into Arabic : 1 - As a teacher he must have some qualities that may help him do well. He must be kind, fatherly, wise, helpful and strict. 2 - We should reduce the rate of environmental pollution by planting more trees and rationalizing the use of energy. B ) Translate into English : ‫ القراءة مفتاح المعرفة لذا يجب ان نشجع الشباب على القراءة‬- 1 . ‫ يجب أن تتمتع بعض الصفات المهمة مثل الشجاعة والتعاون‬-2 .‫ – يفضل بعض الناس استثمار اموالهم في المشروعات المربحه‬3 Grammar present perfect 1-Formation: : ‫ يتكون المضارع التام من‬- 1 have/has + P.P----------------------------He/she/it/ has + p.p------------------------I/we/you/they + have + p.p ----------------I have done my homework. He has travelled abroad.

: ‫ – يستخدم المضارع التام للتعبير عن‬2 . ‫ – حدث تم في الماضي وآثرة مازال موجود‬1 She has cleaned the room. (the room is cleaned now) : ‫ – حدث انتهي في وقت غير محدد في الماضي‬2 She has written several articles. (‫ولكن اذ ا حددنا وقت الحدوث نستخدم )ماضي بسيط‬ She wrote several articles yesterday. : (‫ – يستخدم مع الحدث المتكرر )أي أن ذلك الحدث لم يتوقف‬3 He has written 14 novels. (he can write more) . ‫ولكن اذ ا استخد منا الماضي البسيط مع حدث متكرر فمعناها أن الحدث توقف‬ He wrote 14 novels . (He stopped writing) : ‫ – يستخد م المضارع التام مع التعبير‬4 It is the first time + ‫ مضارع تام‬+ ‫فاعل‬ It is the first time I have been to Aswan. : ‫معلومة هامة جدا ا‬

‫( نستخد م‬been to) ‫( بمعنى ذهب لمكان وعاد أما‬gone to) ‫ذهب لمكان‬ (‫ومازال هناك )لم يعد‬ My brother has gone to Germany. (He is still in Germany now.) 31

My brother has been to Emirates. (He isn't there now).

: ‫– يأتي مع الكلمات التية‬2

just/already/yet/ever/never/lately/recently/since/for/so far . ‫( في النفي والسؤال‬yet ) ‫( في الثبات و‬just/already ) ‫ – نستخدم‬1

They have just arrived. I have just watched TV. (ago) -----------------------------------He has already written his homework. I haven't visited him yet. Have you mended the car yet? Has she cooked yet? Have you ever eaten shrimps? No, I have never eaten shrimps.

‫ ( في النفي‬never ) ‫( في السؤال و‬ever ) ‫ – نستخدم‬2

) ‫ في النفي والسؤال أما‬lately ‫( بنفس المعنى ولكن تستخد م‬recently/lately ) ‫ – تستخدم كل من‬4 . ‫( تستخدم في الثبات والسؤال‬recently He hasn't visited me lately. He has visited me recently. Has he visited you lately/recently? . ‫( زمن واحد يأتي قبلها مضارع تام أو مضارع تام مستمر‬since ) ‫ إذا جاء مع‬-5 He has studied since 3 o'clock. She has been sleeping since last hour. ‫ – اذا جاء معها فعلين يأتي قبلها مضارع تام )مضارع تام مستمر ( ويأتي بعدها ماضي بسيط‬6 ---- ( ‫ مضارع تام )مضارع تام مستمر‬+ since + ------- ‫ماضي بسيط‬ He has worked here since he graduated. : (1 ) ‫ – نقطة هامة‬7 : ‫ ( تعبر عن مدة الحدث كاالتي‬for ) ‫( عن بداية الحدث أما‬since ) ‫♠ تعبر‬ Since : 3 o'clock/This morning/Monday/Last week/Last month/2005--

For: 2 hours/5 days/the last week/9 months/5 years/a week/ /a long time I haven't seen him since last week. I haven't visited Ali for a week. They have studied English for 7 years. (since) They have studied English since 2000. : ‫ ولم نستطع تحديد بداية المدة‬since ‫( ولكن اذا جاءت طلب استخدام‬2 ) ‫نقطة هامة‬ He has lived here for five weeks. (since) ‫ الحل في الشكل التي‬: It is + ‫ المدة‬+ since + ‫ ماضي بسيط‬+ ‫فاعل‬ It is five weeks since he lived here. (3 ) ‫نقطة هامة‬ : (for ) ‫( بدل من‬ago ) ‫اذا طلب استخدام‬ 32

‫ فاعل‬+ started/began to + ‫ المدة‬+ ‫ مصدر‬+ ago. He has worked in this company for 3 years. (ago) He started to work in this company 3 years ago.

(3 ) ‫نقطة هامة‬

The last time------------- was in/when-------------------‫ فاعل‬+ last------------------was in/when-------------------‫ = فاعل‬+ haven't/hasn't + p.p since -----------------------The last time I played football was in 2007. (since) I haven't played football since 2007. She last visited Aswan when she was young. (since) She hasn't visited Aswan since she was young. : ‫تذكر أن المضارع التام المستمر يعبر عن حدث بدأ وما زال مستمرا ًاو يتكون من‬ ‫ فاعل‬+ have/has been + v + ing He has been sleeping for 2 hours. ( He is still sleeping) They have been living here since 1999. (They are still living here) Exercises on Grammar 1 – Choose the correct answer from a, b , c, or d 1-When the telephone rang, they --------------the match. -------------a- watched b-had watched c-were were watching d-watch watch 2-He-------------the tree when he suddenly fell down. a – climbed b-climbs climbs c-was was climbing d-will will climb 3-They -----------for England an hour ago. ----------a- leave b-left left c-were were leaving d-will will leave 4-On---------------------------the film, Ali came. a – watch b-watches watches c-watched watched d-watching watching 5-They saw the fighting people while -----------------home. ----------------a- were driving b-drove drove c-driving driving d-drive drive 6-How did he---------------------------to Aswan yesterday? a- go b-went went c-going going d-goes goes 7-My sister ------------the room while I was making tea. -----------a- cleaned b-was was cleaning c-is is cleaning d-cleans cleans 8-The first map---------------------------------------------by El_idrissi . a -was was drawn b-drew drew c-is is drawn d-draws draws 9-She cut herself while ----------------------a – cook b-cooked cooked c-was was cooking d-cooking cooking 10-What were you doing when I ------------you last night. -----------a – phoned b-was was phoning c-had had phoned d-would would phone 11 – He-------------------------the guitar, when I saw him. a – play b – played c – was playing d – had played. played 12 – They saw the accident while ----------------home. ---------------33

a – were driving b – drove c – driving d – drive 13 – They -------out of the bank when the policeman caught them. a – ran b – were running c – had run d – are running 14 – The Pyramids were---------------------------------by the ancient Egyptians. a – building b – built c – builds d – build 15 – While she was cooking , her sister -------------homework. ------------a – was doing b – did c – does d – had done 16 – As he was carrying the vase, he ------------------it ------------------ on the floor. a – drops b – dropped c – had dropped d – was dropping 17 - No sooner ------------ graduated than he got a job. a - had he b - has he c - he had d - does he 18 – After Dickens had left school, he -------- to work in a factory. a – goes b – had gone c – went d – was going 19 – He went home ------------- he had finished his work. a – before b– while c- after d – until 20 - ----------------- passed the third year exams, he joined the university. a – After b – Having c – Before d – As soon as 21 – When he -------------- , the train had left so, he missed it. a – arrived b – had arrived c- arrives d – arriving 22 – He didn't go out -------------------------he ------------------------- had taken the money. a – after b – before c – until d – as soon as 23 – He had no sooner studied -----------------he ----------------- watched TV. a – then b – when c – than d – that 24 – The secretary left the office after -----------------he ----------------- jobs. a – finish b – had finished c – finishing d – finished 25 – After the letter ------------------------- she sent it. a – had written b – wrote c – has written d – had been written 26 - I would rather you----------------------- this car. It is a bargain. a – buy b – to buy c – bought d – will buy 27 – Naguib Mahfouz's books--------------------------- into many languages. a – have translated b – had translated c – were translating d – have been translated 28-He was born -----------------2006. ----------------a – in b-since since c-at at d-for for 29-Shakespeare-------------------------------37 plays. a - has written b-wrote wrote c-had had written d-was was written 30 – As he was carrying the vase, he ------------------it on the floor. -----------------a – drops b – dropped c – had dropped d – was dropping 31 – While she was cooking , her sister -------------homework. ------------a – was doing b – did c – does d – had done 32 – Haqqi ------------------ in law and worked as a lawyer. a – graduates b – graduated c – graduating d – will graduate 33 – He ----------------------- be slim, but now he gains a lot of weight. a – uses b – used to c – using to d – is used to 34 – He-------------the tree when he suddenly fell down. 34

a – climbed b-climbs climbs c-was was climbing d-will will climb 35-They saw the fighting people while -----------------home. ----------------a- were driving b-drove drove c-driving driving d-drive drive 36-How did he---------------------------to Aswan yesterday? a- go b-went went c-going going d-goes goes 37-My sister ------------the room while I was making tea. -----------a- cleaned b-was was cleaning c-is is cleaning d-cleans cleans 38-They -----------for England an hour ago. ----------a- leave b-left left c-were were leaving d-will will leave 39-On---------------------------the film, Ali came. a – watch b-watches watches c-watched watched d-watching watching 40 – As soon as I arrived home, I realized that I ------------------ at school. a – forgot b – had forgotten c- forgets d – forgetting 4 – Translation

A - Translate into Arabic: 1 - To enjoy the quality of being right and fair, you should have justice. It is one of the basic values in all social systems. It is also recommended by all religions and called for by all prophets. B - Translate into English: ‫ التقدم في تكنولوجيا الكمبيوتر أحدث ثورة في عالم التصالت‬- 1 .‫ – أصبح العالم قرية صغيرة بفضل العولمة‬2

‫الشكر موصوووووول الساتاذ محمد فؤاد‬ A-

Vocabulary and Structure

Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1- Leaving lights always on is an a ………………… behaviour. a- respectable b- responsible c-irresponsible d- irritable 2- A ………………… is a doctor who treats animals. a- vitae b- votes c-vet d- vote 3- The ……………. on the new mobile was out of expectation. a-demand b- asking c- inquiry d- request 4- Young people spend a lot of time ………………… on the internet. a- Cheating b-chatting c- shutting d- shouting 5- The earth consists of many …………………….. a-layers b- liars c- lawyers d- lowers 6- I fell off my bike yesterday and my leg is still………………. a- etching b-aching c- eating d- erecting 7- ........................... you do, there is no way to persuade him. a-Whatever b- Whenever c- Whoever d- Wherever 8 - Good people should have good …………………………… a- Quantities b-qualities c- accumulates d- qualifies 9- After I got home, I………………… that I had forgotten my mobile at work. a- released b- know c- found d-realized 10- To achieve your goals, you need to have a lot of self……………a- Confident b-confidence c- contradiction d- contract 11- We should always ………. people who do great things for humanity. a-honour b- humor c- rumor d- donor 12- .................................. in class is necessary for learning. a-Discipline b- indiscipline c- chaos d- mess 13- Great characters have great ……………… on young people.

a- Influence b-influential c- influenced d- affect 14- The ….......… of education is responsible for everything concerning students. a-ministry b- association c- committee d- staff 15- Teachers who are ……………… usually have no space for fun. a-strict b- happy c- funny d- irony 16- Since I was very young, I dreamt …………………. being a pilot. a-of b- with c- about d- in 17- You cannot travel to a foreign country without a …………………….. a- Id card b-passport c- flash card d- VIP card 18- Some parents …........... their children by giving them everything they ask for. a- spill b-spell c-spoil d- still 19- Children who have health………………… need a special care. a-trouble b-problems c- strength d-straight 20- ……………….. is a stage that needs more interest. a- Mother hood b- Brotherhood c-Childhood d- Fatherhood 21-They ............................. since last year. a- hadn't met b-haven't met c- didn't meet d- won't me 22- We ............................ some difficulty recently with math’s. a- had b-have had c- are having d -were having 23- I haven't written a letter since I ................... to England. a-travelled b- will travel c- have travelled d- travel 24- Since I graduated, I ----------------------in this company. a- worked b- had worked c-have been working d-will work 25- The e-mails......................... by Ayman. a - have written b- has written c-have been written d- has been written 26- Don't tell him. He has ...................... known. a- already b- yet c- since d- recent 27- He was born ................ 2006. a- in b- since c- at d- for 28- My brother .................. to Paris, he came back last week. a- is going b- will go c - has gone d-has been 29- They haven't visited us ................................ the last two years. a- since b-for c- recently d- already 30- He hasn't studied English .............................. a- recently b-lately c- ago d- just

B- Reading Comprehension 2- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Most people know that the first man on the moon was Neil Armstrong in 1969. However since that time, the moon has been visited by eleven other men but they are not so famous. Who were these other space pioneers? In 1969, four months after Neil Armstrong and his colleague Buzz Aldrin stayed on the surface of the moon for 21 hours, Alan Bean and Pete Conrad spent two days there. Bean is also an artist, and is the only person on earth who is able to paint space scenes that he had actually seen. In 1971, Alan Shepard and Edgar Mitchel went on a mission to study earthquakes on the moon (known as moon quakes). Shepard also enjoyed a game of golf there: because there is very little gravity, he hit the ball farther than any professional golf player on earth Seven months later, two more astronauts stayed for nearly three days on the moon. David Scott and James Irwin took along a special vehicle which meant they could travel around. landed in the moon’s mountains for the first time They returned to earth with many moon rocks. In 1972, John Young and Charles Duke The moon was last visited at the end of 1972. Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt explored the moon for three days, longer than any other astronaut. Schmitt was a geologist before he became an astronaut and he did a number of scientific experiments there. Before they returned to earth, Cernan wrote his daughter’s name on the moon’s surface. There is no weather on the moon, so he knew that there was nothing that would wear the letters away. They are probably there today! There are now plans to get astronauts to visit the moon again, although nobody knows when this might be. 36

A- Choose the correct answer: 1- Why are Alan Bean’s paintings special? a They were painted on the moon. b They were painted in space c He is the only artist who has been to space. d You can only see them on the moon. 2 -Why is it likely that you can still read the name of Eugene Cernan’s daughter on the moon today? a- The letters are very big. b- The letters were written in rocks. c- There is little that will remove the letters. d- His colleague was a geologist. 3- Why do you think that some of the astronauts played golf and wrote names on the surface of the moon? a- They were very important experiments. b- They wanted to have fun. c- Scientists on earth got them to do these. d- They behaved badly. 4- Why do you think that astronauts were sent to the moon? a- To punish them. b- To do scientific experiments. c- To test weightless sports. d- To test zero-gravity living. 5- What does the underlined word they refer to? a- the astronauts b- the spaceships c- the moon’s weather d- the letters on the surface 6- What do you think the word vehicle means? a- something used to carry people or things. b- a type of spaceship. c- a rocket. d- a type of satellite. B- Answer the following questions:

7- Why do you think that no astronaut has visited the moon since 1972? 8- What was Alan Shepard and Edgar Mitchel’s mission on the moon? 9- Do you think that the moon will be visited again in the future? Why/Why not 10- How long did Neil Armstrong stay on the moon?

The Novel

3 a- Choose the correct answer: 1- The old woman thinks that the duke and the king ………………….. a- must be friends b- can be friends c-can’t be friends d- might be friends 2- Many of the ……………….. have red hair. a- Rassendylls b-Elphbergs c- servants d- gentlemen 3-The castle is old ………………. a- and badly-built b-badly-defended c- but well-built d-but well -defended 4- The castle and the mansion are connected by ……………… a- flyover b-drawbridge c-an ordinary bridge d- a ferry 3b- Answer TWO (2) of the following questions: 1- Why do you think that Michael doesn’t have the right to be king? 2-Why do you think Johann was surprised on seeing Rassendyll for the first time ? 3- Why do think Rassendyll accepted Johann’s offer?

B- Writing C-

Finish the following dialogue:-

Ashraf and Wael are waiting at a bus stop. Ashraf:I’ve got to be in the centre of Cairo in an hour. Where’s the bus? It’s late! Wael: (1).............................................................. ? The underground is very fast. Ashraf: But I’m meeting my friend at a bus stop in the centre. Wael: (2)............................................................... ? Then you can walk from the underground station to the bus stop in the centre. Ashraf: Perhaps you’re right. I’ve not used the underground before. Do you

know how to buy a ticket? Wael: (3)............................................................................ . Here’s what happens. (4).............................................................................. . Ashraf: OK. What do I do after I’ve bought a ticket from the ticket office? Wael: (5)................................................................................ . Ashraf: Is it easy to put the ticket into the machine? Wael: Yes, it is. Then the gates open and you can walk onto the platform to wait for the train. Ashraf:(6)............................................................... ? I don’t want to go on my own. Wael: Yes, OK. I’ll come with you. Then I can show you what to do.

5- Write an email to your friend of ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY (120) words on ONE (1) of the following: Your name is Gehad. Your friend’s name is Shams. His / Her address is Shams@newmail.com. a- the important role of women in society b- a job you would like to do and why you would like to do it ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 38

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6- A.Translate into Arabic: 1- I wish I had had time to read more novels when I was younger. 2- Your skin might burn if you sit in the sun without using sun cream. B.Translate ONE (1) sentence only into English:

1- ‫ترباية الطفال ل تعني ان نمنحهم ما يطلبون لن هذا يفسدهم‬ . 2- ‫يجب عىل الشباب أن يقبل العمل فى الماكن النائية حاتى ل يظلوا بال عمل‬

Unit 3: The future of books

Tape Script

Mahdi: Hi. Kasim. Kasim: Hi. Mahdi. Mahdi: What’s that book you're reading? Kasim: It's a Graham Greene novel. Mahdi: I wonder if you can get it as an e-book. Kasim: What are e-books? Mahdi: They 're electronic books-I saw a TV programme about them a few days ago now I'm really enthusiastic about the idea. Kasim: How do you read them? Mahdi: Well, you download them from the internet onto an e-book reader, which is a small computer about the same size as the paperback book you 're reading. It has a screen like the page of a book. So you read the book on the screen and turn the pages by pressing buttons or by touching the screen. Kasim: But surely you can't download everything van might want to read? Mahdi: Not yet, no. But in the future, every new book will probably be published as an ordinary book and as an e-book Kasim: That sounds amazing, but if you have to pay for the reader and the download. That must be expensive. Mahdi: At the moment it is, but you can be sure they’ll reduce the price when more people buy them. New gadgets are always expensive when only a few people are buying them. Kasim: Do you think they'll ever replace traditional books completely?

Mahdi: No. I shouldn’t think so But when more books are available online. I think most bestsellers will be read as e-books On the other hand, I'm sure some kinds of books won’t be replaced: school books for example Kasim: Or any books that ore large or where pictures are important. Mahdi: E-books will be good for the environment, too. Kasim: Will they? Mahdi: Yes, think of all the paper that we 'II save. By the year 2100 millions of trees and hundreds of forests will have been saved. Kasim: It's a great idea. Mahdi: Well, if yon want an e-book reader, you'd better start saving now! Kasim: I will

The history of paper In ancient Egypt, people used a grass called papyrus. It grew in the Nile valley, and pressed then dried them in the sun. two thousand years ago. In the eighth century, Arab travellers who wood into small pieces which they bleached. They then removed the water from the mixture. The rollers to produce continuous pieces of make new paper. Fortunately, the type of tree that gives us the best wood for making paper grows very quickly, but you can also recycle old paper. We make most of today’s newspapers and magazines from recycled paper. For hundreds of years, we have also used an books, especially very large books like encyclopedias. Now, you can read encyclopedias and other books on e-books. You can also read books online, on websites such as the Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB). Some people think that soon every body will have a computer or a phone and we will get all our information from the internet. They believe that we won’t need libraries and that paper books will become par t of history. type of tall people used it for writing and drawing on. Before people could use it, they soaked the leaves of the grass in water, them together and The Chinese made the first paper traded with China learned how to make it, too. At first, paper was very expensive because people made it from cotton, but later it was made from wood and so it became much cheaper. To make paper, people broke the wood into small pieces which they mixed with chemicals and then bleached. They then removed the water from the mixture. The mixture passes through hot rollers to produce continuous pieces of dry paper. Ever y year, we cut down millions of trees to make new paper. Fortunately, the type of tree that gives us the best wood for making paper grows very quickly, but you can also recycle old paper. We make most of today’s newspapers and magazines from recycled paper. For hundreds of years, we have also used an enormous amount of paper to produce books, especially very large books like encyclopedias. Now, you can read encyclopedias and other books on ebooks. You can also read books

online, on websites such as the Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB). Some people think that soon every body will have a computer or a phone and we will get all our information from the internet. They believe that we won’t need libraries and that paper books will become par t of history.

Key Vocabulary Available

‫ متوافر‬/ ‫متاح‬ ‫يقــوم بتحميــل )برامــج أو ملفــات( مــن‬ download ‫النترنت‬ enthusiastic about ‫متحمس بشأن‬ Gadget ‫جهاز صغير‬ paperback (book) Screen bleach (v)

encyclopedia mixture press (v) recycle (v)

‫ )كتاب( ذو غألف ورقي‬roller ‫ شاشة‬soak (v) ‫ يجعل لونه أبيض‬/ ‫ ميمبيض‬roll

‫ دائرة معارف‬/ ‫موسوعة‬ ‫ مزيج‬/ ‫خليط‬

(‫ يكوي )الملبس‬/ ‫يضغط‬ ‫ميعيد استخدام‬ ‫ اســطوانة )تســتخدم فــي ضــغط‬/ ‫بكــرة‬ (‫الشياء‬ ‫ينقع أو يغمر في سائل‬ ‫ يسوي‬/ ‫ يلف‬/ ‫يدور‬

Vocabulary

traditional books an electronic book e-book reader up-to-date paper cover Button Replace bestsellers Website Digital a range of books Partly CD ROM compact disk Papyrus The Nile Valley Logs log/logged Chemicals

‫الكتب التقليدية‬ ‫كتاب الكتروني‬ ‫جهاز لقراءة الكتب‬ ‫أحدث‬ ‫غألف الكتاب الورقى‬ ‫زرار‬ ‫يحل محل‬ ‫الكتب الفضل بيعا أو رواجا‬ ‫موقع علي النترنت‬ ‫رقمي‬ ‫مجموعة متنوعة من الكتب‬ ‫جزئيا‬ ‫اسطوانة‬ ‫قرص مضغوط‬ ‫ورق البردي‬ ‫وادى النيل‬ ‫قطع من الخشب‬ (‫يقطع )الشجار‬ ‫مواد كيميائية‬

theatre tickets enormous quantity reduce the price available online about the same size as tourist places pressing buttons adapt entertainment announce road accidents steadily originally enjoyment suppose latest technology publishers public libraries smooth

‫تذاكر المسرح‬ ‫كمية هائلة‬ ‫يقلل السعر‬ ‫متوافر علي النترنت‬ ‫تقريبا في نفس حجم‬ ‫أماكن سياحية‬ ‫الضغط علي الزرار‬ ‫ يتأقلم‬/ ‫ميعدل‬ ‫تسلية‬ ‫يعلن‬ ‫حوادث الطرق‬ ‫بثبات‬ ‫أساسا‬ ‫متعة‬ ‫يفترض‬ ‫أحث التكنولوجيا‬ ‫الناشرون‬ ‫المكتبات العامة‬ ‫ مصقول‬/ ‫ أملس‬/ ‫ناعم‬

download files ‫يقوم بتحميل ملفات‬ Collection ‫مجموعة‬ Store ‫يخزن‬ still pictures ‫صور ثابتة‬ moving pictures ‫صور متحركة‬ Stationery ‫الدوات الكتابية‬ become part of history ‫يصبح جزءا من التاريخ‬ wrapping paper ‫ تغليف‬/ ‫ورق لف‬ leaflets ‫ نشرة مطبوعة‬/ ‫منشورات‬ brochure ‫كتيب به صور أو معلومات عن ممنتج‬ poster (‫اعلن )يلصق على الجدران‬ Adverts ‫إعلنات‬ Menu ‫قائمة الطعام‬ Efficient ‫كفء‬

handle (‫ يعالج )موضوعا‬/ (‫يتعامل مع )شخص‬ internet website ‫موقع انترنت‬ household gadgets ‫أجهزة منزلية‬ invention ‫اختراع‬ educate ‫يعلم‬ remove ‫يزيل‬ printing ‫الطباعة‬ e-mail ‫بريد الكتروني‬ upload ‫يقوم برفع شيء علي النترنت‬ press conference ‫مؤتمر صحفي‬ local press ‫الصحافة المحلية‬ foreign press ‫الصحافة الجنبية‬ recycled materials ‫مواد ميعاد استخدامها‬ appearance ‫مظهر‬

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions find … on the internet make way for good for be replaced by replace … with enthusiastic about turn the pages on the other hand the price goes down cut down trees cut down prices for environmental reasons complain to knock down on the move pay for make predictions look clean

‫ علي النترنت‬... ‫يجد‬ ‫ميخلي المكان أو الطريق لـ‬ ‫مفيد لـ‬ ‫يتم استبداله بـ‬ ‫ بـ‬... ‫يستبدل‬ ‫متحمس بشأن‬ ‫يقلب الصفحات‬ ‫من ناحية أخري‬ ‫يقل السعر‬ ‫يقطع الشجار‬ ‫يقلل السعار‬ ‫لسباب بيئية‬ ‫يشكو الى‬ ‫يهدم‬ ‫كثير التنقل‬ ‫يدفع ثمن‬ ‫يتنبأ بـ‬ ‫يبدو نظيفا‬

go wrong cut road accidents make paper cylinder-shaped draw on paper roll up be produced from break into small pieces mixed with chemicals hold huge amounts of take up a lot of space go on keep up with go online access to show up rely on show interest

‫يتعطل‬ ‫يقلل حوادث الطرق‬ ‫يصنع الورق‬ ‫على شكل اسطوانة‬ ‫يرسم علي الورق‬ ‫يطوي‬ ‫يتم إنتاجه من‬ ‫يكسر إلي قطع صغيرة‬ ‫مخلوط بمواد كيميائية‬ ‫تحمل كميات هائلة‬ ‫تشغل حيزا كبيرا‬ ‫يستمر فى‬ ‫ يساير‬/ ‫يواكب‬ ‫يستخدم النترنت‬ ‫مدخل لـ‬ ‫يظهر‬ ‫يعتمد على‬ ‫يظهر اهتماما‬

Definitions ‫تعريفات‬ Available Download Enthusiastic Gadget Paperback

‫متاح‬ ‫يحمل ملفات‬ ‫متحمس‬ ‫جهاز صغير‬

if something is available , you can get it , buy it or use it to move information from one part of a computer system to another showing a lot of interest and excitement about something a small tool or machine that helps you do something a book with a soft paper cover.

‫)كتاب( ذو غألف ورقي‬ Screen ‫شاشة‬ the flat, glass part of a TV or a computer. Bleach to make something white or lighter in colour by using chemicals or ‫ يجعل لونه أبيض‬/ ‫ميمبيض‬ sunlight. Encyclopedia ‫دائرة معارف‬ a book that contains facts about many subjects.

Mixture Press Recycle Roller

‫ مزيج‬/ ‫خليط‬ ‫يضغط‬ ‫يعيد استخدام‬ ‫بكرة أو اسطوانة‬

Soak ‫ يغمر في سائل‬/ ‫ينقع‬

something that is made by mixing two or more different substances together. to push something firmly and steadily . to put used objects or materials through a process so that they can be used again. a cylinder –shaped piece of wood , metal etc that can be rolled over and over to cover something with liquid for a period of time. Confusable Words

trade in

(‫يتاجر فى )سلعة‬

trade with

(‫يتاجر مع )أشخاص أو دول‬

Ex: The company has been trading in oil for many years. For centuries, Native Americans traded with European settlers. paper (writing material) (‫ورق )للكتابة‬ papers (newspapers) a paper (a newspaper) ‫صحيفة‬ papers (documents) Ex: Dictionaries are usually printed on thin paper. Al Ahram is a daily paper The photo was on the front page of all the papers. The border guards stopped me and asked to see my papers. Language Notes be used for + v. + ing ‫يستخدم فى‬ be used to + ‫يستخدم لـ‬ Ex Wood is used for making furniture. Wood is used to make furniture. make + ‫يجعل‬ Ex The terrible accident made her cry. Her success made her family happy.

‫صحف‬ ‫ مستندات‬/ ‫وثائق‬

‫مصدر‬

‫ صفة‬/ ‫ مصدر‬+ ‫مفعول‬

show ‫ يبين‬/ know ‫ يعرف‬+ how to + ‫مصدر‬ learn ‫ يتعلم‬/ teach ‫ يعلم‬+ how to + ‫ مصدر‬/ to + ‫مصدر‬ Ex Can you show me how to set the video recorder? Do you know how to print on this computer? I'm learning (how) to play the piano. Mother taught me (how) to cook. ever ‫تستخدم فى السئلة‬ Ex Do you think e-books will ever replace traditional books completely? had better + ‫مصدر‬ = should would rather + (‫يفضل )تستخدم للتفضيل‬ Ex You'd better go home now before the rain starts. He'd rather die than let me think he needed help.

 Choose the correct answer:

(‫يجب أن )تستخدم للنصيحة‬ ‫مصدر‬

1- My mother has a special (budget-badge-gadget-bondage) for cutting vegetables. 2- Adel is really (enthusiastic-criminal-soaking-faulty) about his university course. He can't wait for the beginning of the term.

3- I'm going to (write-download-promise-admit) some information from the internet for my school project. 4- The television picture is really clear. You have an enormous (wire-scream-screen-stream). 5- This novel is not (reliable-capable-avoidable-available) as an e-book yet, but you'll be able to get it next year. 6- The best thing about a (paperback-paperboy-paperclip-paper shop) is that you can easily carry it and read it at any time. 7- My father is a golf (enthusiasm-enthusiast-enthusiastic-enthuse). He plays and watches it on TV whenever he can. 8- Her brother has not shown any (enthusiasm-enthusiast-enthusiastic-enthuse)for any sport of any kind. 9- That play is very popular. You'd better check the (ability-availability-advisability-ambiguity) of tickets. 10- I wanted to complain to the manager of the shop, but he was (available-unavailableunavoidable-unbelievable). 11- (Encyclopaedias-CD ROMs-Biographies-Screens) can hold a lot of information and are small enough to carry in your pocket. 12- Before you can cook these beans, you have to (bleach-roll-sink-soak) them for 3 hours. 13- The story is an interesting (paste-mixer-structure-mixture) of fact and fiction. 14- You can (press-bleach-fix-mix) white shirts to keep them looking clean. 15- Today, paper, plastic and glass can all be (recycled-replaced-recited-retarded). 16- Oil and water don't (fix-soak-drink-mix). Even if you shake them together, they separate into two layers. 17- In ancient Egypt (paper-papyrus-leather-bush) was used for writing and drawing. 18- Papyrus is (soaked-dried-evaporated-expanded) in water to make the reeds stick together. 19- Paper was very (cheap-priceless-expensive-valueless) because it was made from cotton or linen. 20- Arab travellers traded (from-in-at-with) the Chinese. 21- Most of our newspapers and magazines are made from (recycle-recycled-recycling-cycled) paper. 22- Encyclopaedias take (up-on-in-down) quite a lot of space. 23- Arab travelers learned (what-how-which-who) to make paper from the Chinese. 24- When paper was made (of-from-in-at) wood, it became much cheaper. 25- (An encyclopaedia-A diary-A biography-An autobiography) is a set of books which deals with every branch of human knowledge. 26- CD-ROMS are computer (disks-circles-files-documents) which can store a mass of information. 27- It was raining heavily and my clothes were completely (sucked-dried-soaked-expanded). 28- We can benefit from old newspaper by (recycling-making-using-cleaning). 29- Wood is used (to-for-with-from) making paper. 30- The vase (pulled-rolled-pushed-walked) off the edge of the table and smashed. 31- A/An (CD-ROM-encyclopedia-screen-gadget) is a disc on which large quantities of information can be stored. 32- A/An (process-mixture-operation-development) is something made by mixing two or more things together. 33- To (repeat-retreat-renovate-recycle) is to put used objects through a process so that they can be used again. 34- A (roller-ruler-boiler-beaker) is a round piece of wood or metal that can be rolled. 35- To (stick-shrink-soak-remove) means to cover something with liquid for a period of time. 36- You can get this novel as an (e-book / e-mail / e-learning / e-commerce) from the bookshop over there. 37- We really can't go (up-down-on-for) living like this - we'll have to find a bigger house. 38- I'm going to (download-upload-load-afford) some software from this website.

39- When you are reading an e-book, you can (burn-wrap-soak-turn) the pages by pressing buttons or by touching the screen. 40- (Recycling-Receiving-Reappearing-Recording) is definitely good for the environment. 41- When more and more people buy something, the price (goes up-goes down-goes away-goes out). 42- Papyrus was used for (shrinking-writing-counting-calculating) and drawing on. 43- The first paper was (done-gone-made-looked) by the Chinese two thousand years ago. 44- Every year, millions of trees are cut (in-of-with-down) to make new paper. 45- CD-ROMs can (hold-catch-touch-fetch) huge amounts of information. 46- Do you think e-books will (never-ever-yet-hard) replace traditional books? 47- Arab 45travellers who traded (in-with-by-from) China learned how to make paper. 48- We're going to be on the (move-movement-mobile-moving) all next week, but we'll call you when we get to Cairo. 49- The success of this project relies (with-about-of-on) everyone making an effort. 50- I’d rather (has-have-having-have had) a hot drink.

Listening Ex l 1-I'm really enthusiastic …………………. the idea. a- for b- on c- about d- from 2-An e-book reader is a small computer about the same size as the …………………….. book you're reading. a- paperback b- paper book c- paper proof d- water resistant 3-You read the book …………… the screen . a- in b- at c- on d- from 4-Every new book will probably be published as an ………… book and as an e-book. a- usual b- ordinary c- usually d- ordinarily 5-They'll ………………… the price when more people buy them. a- reduce b- deduce c- induce d- seduce 6-I think most …………………. will be read as e-books. a- bestselling b- good sellers c- bestsellers d- better sell 7-E-books will be good ………….. the environment. a- to b- by c- with d- for 8-By the year 2100 millions of trees and hundreds of forests will have been ……………. a- rescued b- saved c- received d- deceived

S.B Exercise

9-In Ancient Egypt, ……., which grew in the Nile valley, was used for writing and drawing on. a-paper b- papyrus c- pepper d- piper 10-Before it could be used, the leaves of the grass were …….. in water. a- dipped b- put c- covered d- soaked 11-The leaves of the grass were ……… together and then dried in the sun. a- suppressed b- impressed c- pressed d- surpassed 12-The first real paper was made … the Chinese two thousand years ago. a- from b- in c- by d- of 13-In the eighth century, Arab travellers who traded with China learned how … it, too. a- make b- to make c- making d- for making 14-At first, paper was very expensive because it was made ………. cotton. a- from b- of c- by d- in 15-Later paper was produced from wood and so became ………cheaper. a- more b- most c- much d- little 16-To make paper from wood, logs are broken into small pieces which are then mixed with chemicals and ……… ….

a- bleated b- bleached c- beaked d- bushed 17-Water is removed from the …., which then passes through hot rollers to produce continuous pieces of dry

paper. a- mix b- mixer c- mixture d- mixing 18-Every year, millions of trees are …………………… to make new paper . a- planted b- grown c- sawn d- cut down 19- The type of tree that gives us the best wood for making paper grows very quickly, but old paper can also be… .. a- remade b- recycled c- reprocessed d- regained 20-Most of today's newspapers and magazines are made from ……paper. a- recycling b- recycle c- cycled d- recycled 21-For hundreds of years, an enormous quantity of paper has been used to produce books

like………………………. a- pamphlets b- booklets c- encyclopaedias d-signatures 22-CD-ROMs are special computer ………….which can hold huge amounts of information. Sound and

pictures can also be put on CD-ROMs. a- disks b- desk c- disc d- dikes 23-They believe that ………….. libraries will no longer-be needed and that printing will become part of history. a- general b- private c- public d- special

W.B Exercise

24-My mother has a special … ...... for cutting vegetables. a- machine b- instrument c- gadget d- cutter 25-Ali is really ...................... about his university course. He can't wait for the beginning of the term. a- enthusiastic b- enthusiasm c- keen d- eager 26-I'm going to ...................... some information from the internet for my school project. a- upload b- download c- reload d- load 27-The television picture is really clear. You have an enormous ..... a- net b- surface c- screen d- board 28-This novel is not ...................... as an e-book yet, but you'll be able to get it next year. a- viable b-available c- availability d- valid 29-The best thing about a ...................... is that you can easily carry it and read it at any time. a- paper bag b- paper tissues c- paper sheets D- paperback 30- My father is a golf . ………………….. He plays and watches it on TV whenever he can. a- enthusiastic b- enthusiasm c- enthusiast d- enthuse 31-Her brother has not shown any ......... for any sport of any kind. a- enthusiastic b- enthusiasm c- enthusiast d- enthuse 32-That play is very popular. You'd better check the...... of tickets. a- viable b-available c- availability d- valid 33-I wanted to complain to the manager of the shop, but he was… a- viable b-unavailable c- availability d- valid 34-Today, paper, plastic and glass can all be………………………... a- recycled b- recycling Replaced d- regained 35-Before you can cook these beans, you have to …………… them for three hours. a- bleach b- soak Soak up d- bleak 36-The story is an interesting ……………….. of fact and fiction. a- mix b- encyclopedia c- mixture d- mixer 37-You can bleach/press white shirts to keep them looking clean. a- press b- bleach c- pressure d- bleak 38-…………….. can hold a lot of information and are small enough to carry in your pocket.

a- CD-ROMs

b- Encyclopedias

c- computers

d- circuits

39-The noun is mixture, but the verb is ....................... . a- mix b- mixing c- mixture d- mixer 40-The verb is press. What is the noun? ............................... . a- precession b- press c- presser d- processor 41-The verb is recycle, but the adjective describes something that can be recycled is…………………….. a- recycled b- recycling c- recycle d- recyclable 42-The noun is roller. What is the verb? .............................. .. a- rule b- role c- roll d- ruler 43-The verb is bleach. What is the adjective?........................ a- bleach b- bleached c- bleacher d- blush

* Translate into Arabic: 1- Our lives have been taken over by electronic devices. Electronic gadgets are everywhere, and we are completely dependent on them. Gone are the days in which we had volumes of encyclopedias and paperbacks on our shelves. 2- A computer has the power to calculate at superhuman speed and so it can quickly solve problems that would take any human mathematician years of work. It has a memory that is far more reliable than a human memory. 3Translate into English: .‫ كان إلزاما على مصر أن تدعو لمؤتمر عالمي يهدف إلى الستقرار في عملية السلم و مكافحة الرهاب‬-1 .‫ل تنقطع محاولت العلماء الرامية لستغلل قوة النترنت فى تشكيل حاسبات عملقة بتكلفة رخيصة‬ -2

Language Focus

Grammar Future time ‫زمن المستقبل‬ 1) Future Simple ‫زمن المستقبل البسيط‬ + will / shall ‫المصدر‬ :‫ يتكون المستقبل البسيط من‬ :‫ لحظ استخدام المستقبل البسيط غالبا مع‬ I expect / I'm sure / I think / probably /I hope / I believe / I feel sure / Perhaps /I know / I wonder / I suppose - I expect he will win the first prize. I don't think she will get the job.- Perhaps it will rain tomorrow. : ‫ في الحالة الولي‬If ‫ ويستخدم المستقبل البسيط مع‬ - If it rains, we will stay at home. : will ‫ استخدامات‬ .I’ll be 16 next week -. ( future facts) ‫ عن حق ائق مستقبلية‬will ‫ تعبر‬ .predictions) ). - I’ll probably be away for a week ‫للتنبؤ عن أحداث مستقبلية‬ will ‫ تستخدم‬ .That’s the phone – I’ll answer it -. ( quick decision) ‫ عن قرار سريع‬will ‫ تعبر‬ ( request) ‫و كذلك فى الطلب‬ ( offer) ‫فى العرض‬ will ‫ تستخدم‬ - I’ll go shopping with you if you like. (Offer) - Will you look at my homework tonight, please? (Request) .I’ll resign if I don’t get a pay rise -. ( threat) ‫للتهديد‬ will ‫ تستخدم‬ Will + inf. + when/as soon as/after/before/till/until + ‫مضارع بسيط أو تام‬ - I’ll leave the office after I finish (have finished) my work. 47

- I’ll finish my work before I leave (have left) the office. - I won’t leave the office until I finish (have finished) my work. ) ‫و قرارات‬

2) Going to

going to ‫ تستخدم‬ . ( decisions - We’re saving up because we’re going to buy a car.- I’m going to make some coffee. Do you want some? - My sister is going to apply for a place at medical school. - When I get home, I’m going to watch the news on TV. .‫للتنبؤ بحدث فى المستقبل و يوجد له دليل الن‬ going to ‫ تستخدم‬ - I think I’m going to fail this exam. I haven’t done much work. - I think it’s going to rain. The sky’s looking very dark. 3)The present continuous ‫زمن المضارع المستمر‬ .‫ يعبر المضارع المستمر عن حدث فى المستقبل تم الترتيب له و هو محدد‬ - He’s travelling to Cairo tomorrow. (He’s got his ticket.) - I’m going home in half an hour. (I’ve arranged it with the boss.) - She’s flying to India in the summer. (She’s arranged that) 4)The present simple ‫زمن المضارع البسيط‬ ‫ يعبر المضارع البسيط عن حدث مؤكد فى المستقبل بسبب جدول مواعيد الخاص مثل بوسائل المواصلت و‬ .‫السينما و المسرح و المدرسة و جداول المتحانات‬ - The course starts in October - This lesson doesn’t finish until 2.30. - My plane leaves at 7.30 in the morning.  Choose the correct answer: 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728-

( intentions) ‫و نوايا‬

( plans) ‫للتعبير عن خطط‬

It’s arranged. We (are going-will go-go-shall go) to the Red Sea this summer. I think my brother (is-is going to be-is being-will be) a doctor. He’s very clever. My lesson (finishes-is finishing-is going to finish-was finishing) at four o’clock this afternoon. I (meet-am meeting-will meet-is going to meet) a friend from Cairo on Monday. I’ve arranged that. He (will fly-is going to fly-is flying-will be flying) to London tomorrow. He’s got his ticket. You (will break-would break-have broken-should break) it if you aren’t careful. We won’t start the meeting until you (arrives-had arrived-will arrive-arrive). The concert this evening (starts-will start-is starting-is going to start) at 7. We (start-have started-will start-started) the meeting as soon as he arrives. When he (visits-will visit-visiting-visit) me tomorrow, I’ll tell him all about my new book. I think it (will rain-is going to rain-is raining-rains). The sky is cloudy. A: The phone is ringing. B: I (answer-am going to answer-am answering-will answer) it. (Are you playing-Do you play-Shall you play-Do you go to play) tennis after school today? We (have-are having-were having-would have) a party next Saturday. Would you like to come? I’ve decided that I (will tidy-tidy-am tidying-am going to tidy) my room this morning. It's arranged. We (will go – go – are going – may go) to the Red Sea this summer. I think my cousin (will study – studies – going to study – would study) engineering. He is very clever at Maths. (Are you playing – Do you play – Shall you play – Do you go to play) tennis after school today? My German lesson (is stating – starts – has been starting – start) at four o'clock this afternoon. The launch of the satellite (is being – are being – is – was) at 7.50 tomorrow. We (will – may – are going to – are) probably be there for two weeks. I can't talk at the moment. I (do – will do – am doing – have done) my homework. I can't meet you this afternoon. I (am doing – do – have done – may do) the shopping. Hello, Ahmed. I (go – am going – have gone – would have gone) to the airport in a minute. My plane (is leaving – shall leave – leave – leaves) at 10 o'clock tomorrow. I am studying medicine. I (may be – am going to be – am being – be) a doctor. She (will – should – is going to – may ) probably do the shopping tomorrow. I expect that he (wins – will win – is going to win – is winning) the match.

29- Perhaps they (are visiting – are going to visit – will visit – may) visit us next Saturday. 30- Somebody is knocking on the door. I (am going – will go – have gone – go) and open it. 31- She (is flying – flies – fly – would fly) to Spain next Monday. Everything is arranged. 32- What are your plans for tomorrow? – I (am going to play – play – have played – shouldn't play) tennis with a friend. 33- He's driving at breakneck speed. He (has – would have – is going to have – is having) an accident. 34- Watch out! You (are dropping – drop – are going to drop – would drop) the glasses. 35- (Will you – Are you going to – Do you – Should you) help me with this heavy bag, please? 36- Don't worry. I (lend – am lending – will lend – should lend) you the money you need. 37- I (am going to be – will be – am being – be) 25 next Monday. 38- I can't use my office at the moment. It (is decorated – will be decorated – may decorate – is being decorated). 39- Don't phone me at 8.00 a.m. tomorrow. I (drive – will be driving – have driven – would drive) the kids to school then. 40- Look at those black clouds. It (rains – is raining – is going to rain – isn't raining). 41- She (will – should – might – ought) probably be a great success. 42- She has decided that she (is studying – is going to study – was studying – will be studying) medicine. 43- Be careful! You (will spill – are spilling - are going to spill – spill) your coffee. 44- That's the phone. I (answer – am answering – would answer – will answer) it. 45- The next plane (will arrive -arrives -is going to arrive - arriving )at 9 o'clock. 46- I ( am going to be - am being -am -will be ) 30 next month. 47- The car is moving sideways , it ( crashes - will crash - is crashing - is going to crash ) 48- He (will punish - is going to punish - is punishing - will be punishing )you if you come late again. 49- I think she( will pass -is going to pass - is passing - passes )the next exam. 50- When he comes next week, he( gives - will give - is giving -is going to give )me my card.

Choose the correct answer from a, b ,c or d

S.B

1. Hello Ali! I…………to the airport in a minute. a- go b- am going c- will go d- am going to go 2. I…… to Paris later this morning. a- will fly b- am flying c- fly d- will be flying 3. My plane ………..at ten o'clock. a- leave b- leaves c- am leaving d- will leave 4. ………………..anything next Saturday? a- Will you do b- Are you doing c- Do you do d- Have you done 5. Hi! My family ………….. Me out today for passing my exams. a- takes b- are taking c- take d- will take 6. I………..apply to study medicine at Assuit University. a- am going to b- will c- would d- have 7. l ………….in the hospital. a- am probably working b- will probably work c- am probably going to work d- am probably being 8. Tomorrow I ……….the match with my friend . a- will watch b- am watching c- watching d- am seeing 9. We ……………………a card for my brother at the moment. a- make b- are making c- made d- have made 10. We need your help. ………………………… do it for us? a- Are you going to b- will you c- Do you d- should you 11. Zamalek ……………Alahly next Friday. a- plays b- will play c- play d- are playing 12. The match ……….at six o'clock. 49

a- is starting b- will start c- is going to start d- starts 13. I am sure it ………..an exciting match. a- is going to be b- is c- is being d- will be 14. I …………………my next summer holiday in Australia .I have arranged every thing. a- will spend b- am spending c- spend d- have spent 15. It is predicted that people …………on space holidays in the next ten years. a- are going b- are going to go c- will go d- will be going 16. Our team is attacking hard. They …………….a goal. a- is going to score b- will score c- is scoring d- scores W.B Choose the correct answer from a, b ,c or d 17. This year, I am going on holiday with my family to Italy .I am sure you ………it. a- are enjoying b- will enjoy c- are going to enjoy d- should enjoy 18. Are you leaving this evening? Yes, my train ………..at 7.15. a- is going to leave b- leaves c- will leave d- will be leaving Have you made any arrangements for the next week? Yes, I ……………a friend from Cairo on Monday. a- will meet b- meet c- am meeting d- have worked 19. Do you have any plans for the week end? I ……..professor Afifi on Saturday morning. a- will meet b- am going to meet c- meet d- will be met 20. I'm going on holiday to Europe this October. Should I take an umbrella? Yes, it …………. . a- is probably raining b- will probably rain c- probably rains d- probably rain 21. It is arranged .We …………The Red Sea this summer. a- will go b- are going to go c- go d- have gone 22. I think my brother …….a doctor. He is very clever. a-will be b- is going to be c- is being d- would be 23. Are you ……………tennis after school today? a- going to play b- played c- play d- playing 24. My English lesson …………at four o'clock this afternoon. a- finishes b- finish c- will finish d- is going to finish 25. The train ………………tonight at 6 PM. a- leave b- leaves c- left d- is leaving 26. The bus ……………arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM. a- don't b- doesn't c- didn't d- never

The future simple passive ‫المستقبل البسيط فى صيغة المبنى للمجهول‬ .will / shall + inf ‫ يتكون المستقبل البسيط فى صيغة المبنى للمعلوم من‬ - In the coming years, we will do most of our shopping on the internet. :‫ يتم تحويل المستقبل البسيط الى مبنى للمجهول كما يلى‬ ‫ مفعول‬+ will / shall + be + pp + by + ‫فاعل‬ - In the coming years, most of our shopping will be done on the internet.

:‫ يستخدم المستقبل البسيط فى صيغة المبنى للمجهول‬ .‫ للوعد بأعمال مستقبلية بطريقة رسمية‬.1 - The parcel will be collected tomorrow. .‫ لتقديم تفاصيل الخطط‬.2 - You will be met at the airport. .‫ للتحذير من خطر أو شئ ممكن فى المستقبل أو نتائج مستقبلية‬.3 - Look out! You’ll get hurt. .‫ لعمل استنتاجات منطقية‬.4 - I’m sure my car will be repaired by now. .‫ للتنبؤ بحدث فى المستقبل‬.5 - In the future most of our energy will be produced from wind power.

Future Perfect Passive ‫المستقبل التام فى صيغة المبنى للمجهول‬ .will / shall have + PP ‫ يتكون المستقبل التام من‬ - By 2100, we will have built more towns and cities. ‫ ويدل علي أن شيء سيكون قد تم قبل وقت معين في الماضي ويستخدم هذا الزمــن عــادة مــع الكلمــات الدالــة‬ by ‫علي المستقبل مسبوقة بكلمة‬ By (the year) 2100 / By tomorrow morning / By next October / By next Monday / By tomorrow evening / By next year / By this time next week / By 6 o'clock tomorrow / By next Christmas - By 2050, electric cars will have replaced petrol cars. ‫ ل حظ ما يلى‬ By the time + present simple Future Perfect - By the time she comes back home, I'll have finished all the exercises. - By the time the exam begins, I'll have forgotten everything. :‫ يتم تحويل المستقبل التام الى مبنى للمجهول كما يلى‬ ‫ مفعول‬+ will / shall + have been + pp + by + ‫فاعل‬ - By the year 2100, millions of trees and hundreds of forests will have been saved. - By 2050, the old building will have been replaced by modern offices. Choose the correct answer: By next Christmas we (will be – are being - will have been – have been) here for eight years. The builders say they (finish - will have finished – might finish – are finishing) the roof by Tuesday. By the time we (got – had got – get – getting) to the party. Most people will have left. By the time we get to the stadium. The match (will have started - is starting – was starting – had started) . In the future, every new book will probably be (publish – publishing - published – publishes) as an e-book. You can be sure the price (will be reduced – to reduce – is reducing – had reduced) when more people buy them. Do you think CD-ROMs will ever (be replaced – be replacing – have replaced – replace) traditional books completely? 8. I think most bestsellers (will be read – will be reading – will read – will have read) as e-books. 9. I'm sure some kinds of books (won't replace – won't be replacing - won't be replaced - can replace). 10. I predict that in the future, mobile phones (will make – will be making – will have made - will be made) smaller. 11. By this time next week, (I'll have heard – I hear – I am hearing – I heard) my test results. 12. We (will be used – are using – are used - will use) less paper if we read e-books. 13. I don't think newspapers (will ever have replaced – never replace - will ever be replaced). 14. The new underground railway line (will have been built – will be building – has built – have built) by 2012. 15. I'm sorry but your car (won't repair – can't repair – repaired - won't be repaired) this week. 16. It is hoped that the road (is reducing - will reduce – will be reduced – will have been reduced) early morning traffic. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

17. The new road (won't be finished – won't have finished – won't be finishing – has finished) until the year 2015. 18. Over 500 buildings (will knock – will be knocking - will be knocked – will have knocked) down to make way for the new road. 19. It is said that the number of road accidents (cut – cuts – will cut - will be cut) by 20%. 20. It is thought that between 30 and 40 lives a year (will be saved – will be saving – will have saved – will save).

S.B & W.B

21. In the future, every new book ……..published as an e-book a- can b- will c- will probably be d- will have 22. You can be sure they…... the price when more people buy them. a- will be reduced b- will reduce c- would reduce d- could reduce 23. I think most best-sellers ………read as e-books .. a- will be b- will c- were d- could 24. By the year 2100, millions of trees and hundreds of forests…….. a- will be saved b- will save c- will be saved d-will have been saved 25. By next August, his new farm house …………… . a- will be erected b- will be erecting c- will have been erected d- will erect 26. The house …………..tomorrow. a- will be decorated b- ’ll have been decorated c- will decorate d- will be decorating 27. I predict that in the future, mobile phones……………….smaller. a- will make b- will be made c- will have been d- will be making 28. By this time next week, I ………………….. my test results. a- will have heard b- ll have been heard c- will hear d-will have hearing 29. We …………………..less paper if we read e-books. a- will be used b- will use c- will have used d- will be using 30. I don't think newspapers ………………………………….. a- will ever replace b- will ever be replaced c- will ever have replaced d- will be replacing 31. The new underground railway line …………….. by 2012. a- will build b- will be built c- will have been built d- will have built 32. I'm sorry, but your car ………………………….. this week. a- wont repair b- wont be repaired c- wont have be repaired d- wont be repairing 33. Many major projects …….by the international Bank by 2020. a- will finance b- will be financed c- will have financed d- ll have been financed 34. By this time next month , my test results ……..announced. a- will be b- will have been c- will have d- are 35. If we read e-books , less paper……………. . a- will be using b- will have been used c- will be used d- will have used 36. By the year 2100, millions of trees …….. . . a- ill have been saved b- will be saved c- will have saved d-will save 37. The price of e-books ……….when more people buy them a- will have been reduced b- will reduce c- will be reduced d- will have reduced

Home work * Choose the correct answer: 1- In the coming years, travel (will make-will be made-will be making-is making) faster. 2- In the future our holidays (will spend-will be spent-is spent-will be spending) on the moon. 3- We (spend-will be spent-can be spent-will spend) our free time in a good way next summer holiday.

4- In the future, computers (will replace-will be replaced-will be replacing-will have been replaced) books. 5- In the future shopping (will be done-will do-have been done-were done) on the internet. 6- In the future most of our work (will be doing-has been done-will be-will be done) by machines. 7- I predict that in the future, mobile phones (will make-will be making -will have made-will be made) smaller. 8- By this time next week, (I'll have heard-I hear-I am hearing-I heard) my test results. 9- We (will be used-are using-are used-will use) less paper if we read e-books. 10-I don't think newspapers will ever (have replaced-replace-be replaced-replaced). 11-The new underground railway line (will have been built-will be building-has built-have built) by 2012. 12-I'm sorry but your car (won't repair-can't repair-repaired-won't be repaired) this week. 13-By next Christmas we (will be-are being-will have been-have been) here for eight years. 14-The builders say they (finish-will have finished-might finish-are finishing) the roof by Tuesday. 15-By the time we (got-had got-get-getting) to the party. Most people will have left. 16-By the time we get to the stadium. The match (will have started-is starting-was starting-had started). 17-In the future, every new book will probably be (publish-publishing-published-publishes) as an ebook. 18-You can be sure the price (will be reduced-to reduce-is reducing-had reduced) when more people buy them. 19-Do you think CD-ROMs will ever (be replaced-be replacing-have replaced-replace) traditional books completely? 20-I think most bestsellers (will be read-will be reading-will read-will have read) as e-books. 21-I'm sure some kinds of books (won't replace-won't be replacing-won't be replaced-can replace). 22-It is hoped that the road (is reducing-will reduce-will be reduced-will have been reduced) early morning traffic. 23-The new road (won't be finished-won't have finished-won't be finishing-has finished) until the year 2015. 24-Over 500 buildings (will knock-will be knocking-will be knocked-will have knocked) down to make way for the new road. 25-It is said that the number of road accidents (cut-cuts-will cut-will be cut) by 20%. 26-It is thought that between 30 and 40 lives a year (will be saved-will be saving-will have savedwill save).

9- A) Translate into Arabic: Egypt aims at attracting Arab and foreign capital for investment. So, the Egyptian government should encourage setting up new factories for modern industries.

31-Mass media plays a vital role in increasing awareness of the risks resulting from environmental pollution. ‫تلعب وساائل العلما دورا حايويا في زيادة الوعي باالمخاطر الناجمة عن التلوث البيئي‬. 32-Huge projects are being carried out in Egypt with the aim of solving the problem of unemployment. ‫تتنفذ في مصر مشروعات ضخمة باهدف حال مشكلة البطالة‬. 53

33-An earthquake is a natural disaster (catastrophe) that causes enormous damage and it cannot be predicted. ‫الزلزال كارثة طبيعية تسبب دمارا هائل ول يمكن التنبؤ باه‬. 34-We must respect the customs, cultures and traditions of other nations. ‫لباد أن نحترما عادات وثقافات وتقاليد المم الخري‬. …………………………………………….. B) Translate into English:

.‫ من حقك أن تعبر عن رأيك بحرية ولكن يجب أن تحترم الخرين‬-1 ........................................................................................... ‫نقص الغذاء يهدد حياة المليين من البشر في كل أنحاء العالم‬ -3

01003692527

‫للتواصل‬

REVIEW A ‫شأكر خاص للستاذ بيومي غريب لصياغه العمل‬ ‫ورد‬ Check your English

A Language Functions 1 Finish the following dialogue: Azza is doing a project about work at school. Azza I'm doing a school project on work.1)............................................................ ? Heba No, that's fine. Azza What would your dream job be? Heba 2)........................................................... . But I know that I must work hard to be a doctor. Azza Do you worry that it will be difficult to find work in the future? Heba NO. 3)........................................................... . I'm sure I'll find a job if I work hard. Azza Would you be interested in this book about finding work? 4).................................. . It's very good. Heba Thank you, it looks interesting. Azza What about coming to the talk about work at school this evening? Heba 5)............................................................ . I'll see you there. B Vocabulary and Structure 3 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1 My cousin phoned me yesterday while I..................... my mother in the kitchen. a was helping b helped c have helped d am helping 2 Jomana................. animals, but now she loves them! a doesn't like b will like c didn't use to like d is used to liking 3 The highest mountain in England is not....................... the highest mountain in Egypt.

a as high so b as high as c high as d as high like 4 The film was absolutely .................. Nobody enjoyed it! a bad b badly c awfully d awful 5 Maher is an expert on William Golding. He ......................all of his books. a read b had read c has read d was reading 6 This book is about all the places the sailor before .................... he retired in 2015. a had visited b is used to visiting c was visiting d has visited 7 Amir is very tired because he ....................... tennis all morning. a plays b had played c has been playing d had been playing 8 I can't go to the museum at noon tomorrow because I volleyball. a have played b play c going to play d will be playing 9 The teacher asked Baher...................... he had any brothers or sisters. a whether b weather c that d unless 10 Dina would have bought that dress if it less expensive. a has been b will be c is d had been 11 Hany loves taking photos and goes to a.................. club after school. a photograph b photography c picture d photos 12 This music is very loud. Can you turn..................... the radio , please? a around b down c along d through 13 The talk about education was very...................... . It made me want to become a teacher. a bad b useless c inspiring d calm 14 My little brother loves cars and often.............. to drive one in our house! a pretends b likes c refuses d has 15 The tourists often go to that restaurant because it has a very good................... . a accommodation b exploration c foundation d reputation 16 Which fingers do you use to.................. text messages on your phone? a type b have c let d go 17 The firefighters do not yet know the ...................... of the fire. a reason b cause c meaning d answer 18 Hussein tried English food when he went to London, but he wasn't very .............. on it. a interesting b enjoy c keen d interested 19 The.................... of people in Egypt have brown eyes. a most b main c many d majority 20 ..................... is another word for repair. a Mend b Operate c Progress d Mix C Reading Comprehension 6 Read the following passage, then answer the questions: There are probably hundreds of ancient tombs under Egypt's desert. Today, new technology is helping archaeologists to find more and more of them . In 2018, one of these tombs was found close to the Pyramids of Giza. It is believed to be the tomb of a woman called Hetpet. The tomb's walls, which are made of mud, have beautiful paintings on them. Some of these show Hetpet watching people hunt animals and fishing. There is also a picture of a monkey which is dancing to music. It is thought that Hetpet was an important woman at the time of the Pharaohs in around 2400 BCE. It is not the first time that archaeologists have learned about Hetpet. In 1909, objects that belonged to Hetpet were found in the same area and were taken to a museum in Germany. Archaeologists hope that they will find more of Hetpet's possessions at some time in the future. 1 Why are archaeologists finding more ancient tombs now? 2 Who was Hetpet? 3 How do we know that the ancient Egyptians kept animals? 4 Do you think that we will learn more about Hetpet in the future? Why / Why not?

5 What do you think the word tomb means? a a place where a person is put after they die b a cave c an ancient river d a kind of plant 6 What does the underlined word these refer to? a tombs b the tomb's walls c the tomb's paintings d pyramids D Writing 7 Write a paragraph of about ONE HUNDRED (100) words on ONE (1) of the following: a A review of a poem or a story that you have enjoyed b Why tourism is important for Egypt

Practice Test 1a

A Vocabulary and structure 1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1 Nesma first met her best friend when she.................... at primary school . a has been b was being c was d is 2 I'm going to wait until they.................... the price of the phone before I buy it. a prevent b increase c reduce d replace 3 What .................... at midday yesterday? a are you doing b were you doing c you were doing d have you done 4 We can't use the internet at the moment because the computer is ..................... a out of line b offline c online d in line 5 Kamal .................... an English person before he met my friend Jack. a did not meet b has not met c won't meet d had not met 6 It is best to .................... the dried fish in water before you cook it. a sink b seek c soak d save 7 Before there was a bus to her village, Mona and her brother.................... to school. a had always walked b were walking c have always walked d walk 8 The students were very helpful and helped to....................some of the rubbish that was in the canal. a remove b rescue c respect d research 9 You can't talk to Tarek because he................... out. a used to go b had gone c has just gone d goes 10 Do you often.................... music from the internet? a load b take c download d up load 11 Ola is nervous because she.................... a talk to the class before. a never gives b had never given c never used to give d has never given 12 My father said that his teacher was very.................... . My father couldn't talk in his lessons! a serious b strict c fatherly d kind 13 Don't be late. The bus .................... at exactly ten o'clock! a leaves b going to leave c has left d left 14 Nabila ....................her grandchildren. She always gives them lots of food and presents! a annoys b hates c spills d spoils 15 A lot of people are waiting for the museum to open. It.................... busy there today! a is being b was c is going to be d has been 16 The teacher is going to .................... our homework tomorrow. a write b do c mark d manufacture 17 It is very hot in the house. I .................... on the air conditioner. a am turning b turn c will turn d am going to turn 18 Hazem does not like cold water but we.................... him that swimming is good for him! a encouraged b convinced c confused d discouraged 19 We can't use classroom five tomorrow because they..................... the walls.

a paint b will have painted c are painting d will paint 20 Where does your family ...........................to go on holiday next summer? a invent b invest c invite d intend 21 The mechanic ......................repairing your car by the end of the week. a will finish b will have finished c will be finishing d is finishing 22 To make bread, first make a.................... of flour and water. a mixture b mixing c moisture d monument 23 I haven't seen the new adventure film ........................ a just b yet c already d never 24 The school secretary is ......................... for sending emails to the parents. a irresponsible b respected c responsible d awarded 25 Ahmed ......................... London. He is going to return to Cairo next week. a has gone b has been c has gone to d has been to 26 Not many people have read my cousin's book because she could not find a...................... a library b publisher c bookshop d bookseller 27 Karim has been really good at English.................... he went to England on holiday last summer. a when b for c although d since 28 My grandparents' house is old-fashioned and does not have many ....................... a gadgets b galleries c technology d electricity 29 When we saw the hotel, we......................... that it was a great place for a holiday. a were knowing b had known c have known d knew 30 This film is very............................ . I'd prefer to watch something that will make us laugh! a sensible b funny c serious d fun B Reading Comprehension 2 Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Dear Ali, How are you? I had wanted to email you before I started my new job, but I did not have time! I've now worked here for two weeks. I'm working in an old building in the middle of the city at the moment and I travel to work by bus. By the end of next year, they will have finished building a new office in a different part of the city. So after that, I'll be travelling to work every day on the metro! Before I started this job, I hadn't known very much about new technology. Now I use it every day. I often talk to people in other countries, using the internet. The work is different every day. Yesterday I was interviewing a businesswoman from Japan. Today I'm visiting a new hotel in Cairo and tomorrow I'm going to a meeting in Damietta. I think I'll have to get up very early because the train leaves at 5a.m.! The job is very tiring and I don't have a routine yet, but I'm enjoying it. I have already written a lot of articles. You can read them online. I've met some famous people, too. There is a photo of me interviewing a politician in the attachment to this email. He works for the Ministry of Antiquities, so he knows all about ancient Egypt. I haven't met any sports people yet, but there is an important tennis competition next month. There are some famous tennis players going there and I'm sure I'll interview one. Write soon. Best wishes, Munir 1 For how long has Munir done this job? a for a year b for two weeks c since he moved offices d since last May 2 Why does he have to get up early tomorrow? a He's interviewing a businessman. b He's visiting a new hotel. c He is going to a meeting. d He's interviewing a politician. 3 Why did someone take a photo of Munir?

a He is famous. b He was meeting a famous person. c He wanted a photo to send to his friend. d Because his article is online. 4 What is the main idea of the email? a Munir's new job is boring. b Munir doesn't like his new job. c Munir's new job is busy but exciting. d Munir wants his job to pay him more money. S What does the underlined word one refer to? a tennis competitions c a famous tennis player b business people d a politician 6 What does the word antiquities means? a very old things b farming c medicine d education 7 Find a suitable subject for t his email. 8 How does Munir usually communicate with people in the countries? 9 What job do you think Munir does? 10 Why didn't Munir email his friend before he got the job? The Novel 3 a Choose the correct answer: 1 What special event is going to take place in Ruritania? a There will be a war. b There will be a new King. c There will be a new Duke of Strelsau. d Colonel Sapt is going to become ruler. 2 Who is the Duke of Strelsau? a He is the true King of Ruritania . b He is the King 's father. c He is the King's half brother. d He is Rudolf Rassendyll's brother. 3 Why does Fritz von Tarlenheim say that he understands Rudolf Rassendyll well? a They are both officers for a King or Queen. b They both want to be King. c They both look like the King . d They both want to meet the Duke. 4 As well as how he looks, in what way is Rudolf Rassendyll like the King? a They are not kind men. b They both have an easy life. c They both like fighting. d They are both English. b Answer TWO (2) of the following questions: 1 What kind of a person do you think that Rudolf Rassendyll is? 2 Rassendyll's position in society gave him opportunities. Do you agree? Why? 3 Do you think there might be a problem with the fact that Rudolf looks very much like the King? C Writing 4 Finish the following dialogue: Amir is discussing his homework with Nasser. Amir I need to research information about Rudyard Kipling for an essay, but I don't know which website to use. Nasser 1)..................................................................................................................? Amir I tried typing his name into a search engine but I got hundreds of results. One website said that he wrote only one poem. Nasser 2)................................................................................................................... He wrote lots of poems. Where did you find that information? Amir It's a website called All about poems. Do you think that the information is wrong? Nasser Yes. 3).............................................. I think that's incorrect. What's the title of the essay? Amir 4 )..................................................................................................................... Nasser OK. Type the essay title Rudyard Kipling's most popular poems in the search engine. You will get fewer results now. Amir Yes, look: Kipling's ten most popular poems! Nasser 5 )..................................................................................................................? Amir Yes, I think it is very useful. Nasser It's important to write down your sources of information. 6 ).............................................?

Amir That's a good idea. I'll w rite it at the bottom of my work. 5 Write a paragraph of about ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY (120) words on ONE (1) of the following: a a summary of a book that you have enjoyed b a teacher who has helped you 6 A Translate into Arabic: 1 We all appreciate the profession of teaching because a good teacher builds a good citizen. 2 We should honour great writers and thinkers, especially those who have published distinguished works. B Translate ONE (1) sentence only into English: .‫ لقد كتب الروائي عبد التواب يوسف العديد من قصص الطأفال المثيرة‬-1 .‫ اتصلت بالشرطأة و حضروا علي الفور‬, ‫ بمجرد أني رأيت الحادث‬-2

Practice Test 1B

A Vocabulary and structure 1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1 The writer wrote his first story when he ................... at university. a was being b had been c was d has been 2 London has a / an ................... of 557 mm of rain each year. a average b number c ability d water 3 My little brother is sad because he ................... his favourite toy. a is breaking b was breaking c had broken d has broken 4 I sometimes get ................... between the meanings of whether and weather. a confirmed b confident c confused d concluded 5 Dina................... the test when the teacher told them to stop. a hasn't finished b hadn't finished c not finishing d haven't finished 6 Kamal did not want to tidy his room before he went out, but his mother .................... a told b ordered c insisted d said 7 The car................... fast when it hit the tree. a was moving b moves c has moved d is moving 8 Hoda's father works for an important ................... a graduate b building c ministry d work 9 I've tried Chinese food, but I haven't tried French food ....................... a already b never c yet d just 10 Walid always makes a revision ................... two months before the exams. a plain b plane c pain d plan 11 Your bags look heavy. I ................... you to carry them. a will be helped b am helping c help d will help 12 Are there any tickets................... for the tennis match this evening? a attracted b available c based d belonging 13 The teacher says that we ................... relative clauses next week. a going to study b study c are studying d studying 14 To turn the computer on, you must press this .................... a bazaar b basket c battery d button 15 My grandfather................... 70 on his next birthday! a is being b will be c is going to be d will have been 16 Adel loves windsurfing. He is very ................... about the sport. a enjoyable b enthusiastic c excellent d efficient 17 The police know what the thief ................... at eight o'clock last night. a has done b does c was doing d is doing 18 I sent my friend an email with a photo as an .................... a attached b attachment c attack d attractive

19 The tourists ................... walking until they had reached the top of the mountain. a didn't stop b stopped c haven't stopped d won't stop 20 Hamid is ................... and cannot walk. a deaf b blind c unable d disabled 21 Ali isn't here. He................... to the park. a has been b has gone c had been d had gone 22 The head teacher believes that................... is very important in the classroom. a discipline b indifference c violence d noise 23 At ten o'clock tomorrow, I ................... on a train to Aswan! a travel b will have travelled c going to travel d will be travelling 24 My father does the same things every day. He likes to have a .................... a root b work c routine d way 25 We ................... studying this book by the end of this year. a finish b will be finishing c will have finished d are finishing 26 There was a ................... at the university about new technology. a legend b lie c tale d lecture 27 I ................... the office until I had checked that all the doors were locked. a won't leave b wouldn't leave c hadn't left d wasn't left 28 The head teacher................... the students before the visitor gave her talk. a silenced b declared c sheltered d shouted 29 It's 35 degrees and it's only 7 a.m. It ................... very hot today. a was b is going to be c is being d will be being 30 The computer in the library does not work, so they are going to................... it. a reduce b replace c download d upload B Reading Comprehension 2 Read the following passage, then answer the questions: The Chinese invented paper, and they were also the first to use paper bank notes for money. Before paper notes were invented in the seventh century, wealthy Chinese traders had used metal coins. These had a hole in the middle so that traders could carry them on pieces of material. But these were very heavy to carry. As a result, traders left the money with someone they trusted. Instead, they carried a piece of paper which said how much money they had. The trader could use this paper note to promise anyone that they could pay for the goods that they wanted to buy. People in Europe only started to use paper bank notes in the seventeenth century. In England, the King needed money to help fight a war with France. Banks encouraged people to leave money with them and gave handwritten notes saying how much money they had left. The notes said, "I promise to pay the bearer the sum of ... " and you can still see the same words on English notes today. Bank workers continued to hand write notes until 1853, when the first notes were printed. The paper used for bank notes is usually made from a mixture of paper and cotton, and sometimes other materials. Although these other materials make the notes stronger than normal paper, most bank notes only last for about two years. For this reason, some countries tried using plastic notes in 1983. However, the first plastic notes in England were not very successful because the ink came off the notes onto people's hands! Five years later, in 1988, Australia successfully used plastic notes for the first time. Today, many countries use plastic notes, which are stronger than paper notes, last longer and are harder to copy. 1 Why did Chinese traders first use notes instead of coins? a Because the coins were too heavy to carry. b Because coins had holes in them. e Because traders could not trust everyone. d Because they preferred paper. 2 Why did banks in England first want people to leave their money with them? a The King needed money to fight a war. b People preferred notes to coins. c People wanted their money to be safe. d Banks opened for the first time. 3 Why were notes handwritten until 1853?

a It was cheaper this way. b It was faster this way. c There was not any technology to print them before this time. d It was hard to copy the handwriting. 4 What is the main idea of the text? a Why we use money. b Why we use banks. c The history of paper bank notes. d The history of trade. 5 What does the underlined word them refer to? a the King's men b the men in France c the people who had the money d the banks 6 What does the word bearer mean? a someone who works in a bank b a Chinese trader c someone who carries something d someone who works for the King 7 When and where were paper bank notes first used? 8 Why was there a hole in the metal coins invented by the Chinese? 9 Do you think people will continue to use paper bank notes in the future or will there be a different way of exchanging money? Explain. 10 Do you think that more countries will use plastic notes in the future? Why / Why not? The Novel 3 a Choose the correct answer: 1 What is the reason that Rudolf Rassendyll gives for being lazy? a Because he comes from an important family. b Because he doesn't have a good job. c Because he never helps in the house. d Because he never wants to travel. 2 What job does Rose persuade Rudolf Rassendyll to do? a work with an ambassador c teach children b write a book d work in a hotel 3 Which of these is not a reason that Rudolf Rassendyll decides to visit Ruritania? a He has six months before his job starts. b His family have relatives there. c Rudolf the Fifth is to become King of Ruritania there shortly. d He wants to be the ambassador to Ruritania . 4 Who do Fritz von Tarlenheim and Colonel Sapt work for? a Duke Michael b the King c Johann d Antoinette de Mauban b Answer TWO (2) of the following questions: 1 If you were Rassendyll , would you prefer to travel to Ruritania or to stay in England to do useful work? Why? 2 Which character is wiser in your opinion, Fritz or Sapt? Say why. 3 Do you think Rassendyll was lucky to look exactly like the King of Ruritania? Why? C Writing 4 Finish the following dialogue: Zeinab and Riham are planning a school project. Zeinab It says here that because Australia is moving north every year, sat-navs can't find some important places. Riham 1)........................................................................................ . It can't be true. Zeinab No, this is real news. It is not fake. Riham 2)........................................................................................? Zeinab I can prove it because it's on the website of an organisation that I can trust. Do you think that I shou ld write about this for my school project? Riham Yes. 3 )................................................................................................ Zeinab I agree, it would be interesting. How do you think I should start it? Riham 4 )........................................................................................................ Zeinab OK, I'll start by describing why it is moving north. Riham You should definitely include where you got the information, too. 5)....................................?

Zeinab It's a website called True facts about Australia.6)................................................................? Riham That's a good idea. I'll see if I can find other interesting information on the same website. 5 Write an email to a friend of ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY (120) words on ONE (1) of the following: Your name is Nour. Your friend's name is Wessam. His/Her address is Wessam@newmail.com. a a teacher who has helped or inspired you b which websites you should use to find out reliable information 6 A Translate into Arabic: 1 A good teacher should be responsible and serious, and care for the needs of students. 2 Walid was tired this evening because he had played tennis all morning. B Translate ONE (1) sentence only into English: .‫ لقد كان يحي حقي واحد من رواد الدب المصري الحديث‬- 1 2- ‫ استخدم الناس نوعا من النباتات الطأويلة يسمي البردي في صناعة الورق‬, ‫في مصر القديمة‬

‫شأكر خاص للستاذ جواد عوض للستعانه ببعض‬ ‫اعماله الرائعه‬

Unit 4 : Women in history Tape Script ‫شأش‬

Narrator:

aaaaa ‫ال‬ Dr Aisha Abd El-Rahman, who is better known to some people as Bint El-Shatei, is one of the most famous people in Egyptian and Arab culture. As well as writing both on society and culture, she also wrote poems and for fifty years wrote for the newspaper, Al Ahram. During her life, she helped to improve women's position in Egyptian society. Dr Aisha was born in 1913. Her father was an important man and Dr Aisha used to go with him to meetings, at which she learned to read and write. At a time when many girls didn't go to school, Aisha’s mother encouraged her daughter to get a good education and, as a result, Aisha started school at the age of five. Dr Aisha was successful at .school and went to Cairo University, where she studied Arabic language and literature. She was awarded her degree in 1939 and then joined the university staff as a research assistant. In 1942, she was employed as a government inspector for the teaching of Arabic literature. Using the name Bint El-Shatei. D Aisha wrote many books and articles in which she argued for a more positive role for women in the modern world. Dr Aisha was a respected teacher and taught at many universities across the Arab world. With her husband. Professor Amin El-Kholy, Dr Aisha spent holidays visiting European museums, universities and libraries Dr Aisha died in 1998 at the age of eighty-five. Her work, which had taken up much of her personal life, is still appreciated today

Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 into a wealthy family in Italy, but grew up and went to school in England. When she was 17, she decided that she wanted to be a nurse, although her family did not think that this was a suitable job for their young daughter. However, Florence's work in a London hospital was so effective that the British government asked her to be in charge of the nursing of wounded soldiers abroad. After working in Europe, she returned to England and opened the Nightingale School of Nursing in London, the first school of this kind. Florence Nightingale was determined to be a nurse and finally her parents agreed. She trained to be a nurse in Germany, and then returned to England to be in charge of a London hospital. There, she trained other women to be nurses and introduced new ideas into hospitals. For example, she made sure there was always hot water for doctors and nurses to use

Lotfia El Nadi In 1932, Lotfia El Nadi was the first and only woman to join a new school for pilots at Almaza airport. Her parents did not want her to be a pilot, so El Nadi worked as a secretary at the airport to pay for her lessons. When she was only 64

26, El Nadi became the first woman in Egypt to have a pilot's licence. In December 1933, she became famous when she flew solo in an international race, which went from Cairo to Alexandria. She was only the second woman ever to fly like this. El Nadi, who had to stop flying after an accident, died in 2002 aged 94. However, her achievements encouraged other women to have a career in flying. For example, in 1944, Linda Masoud became the first woman teacher at the flying school and Aziza Moharam later became a director there

argue for degree encourage inspector personal positive role be in charge of

Key Vocabulary

‫ يدافع عن‬/ ‫يجادل لصالح‬ ‫ شهادة علمية‬/ ‫درجة‬ ‫يشجع‬ ‫مفتش‬ ‫شخصي‬ ‫ايجابي‬ ‫دور‬ ‫مسئول عن‬

effective flight impressive licence nursing solo suitable Employ

‫ مؤثر‬/ ‫فعال‬ ‫رحلة طيران‬ ‫ مبهر‬/ ‫مؤثر‬ ‫رخصة‬ ‫التمريض‬ ‫ عمل منفرد‬/ ‫منفرد‬ ‫مناسب‬ ‫ يشغل‬/ ‫يوظف‬

Vocabulary pilot a solo flight introduce nurse paramedic the Crimean War queen prince princess rule ruler religious matters political matters clearly qualifications course persuade confident

‫طيار‬ ‫رحلة طيران منفردة‬ ‫ يدخل‬/ ‫يقدم‬ ‫ممرضة‬ ‫مسعف‬ ‫حرب القرم‬ ‫ملكة‬ ‫أمير‬ ‫أميرة‬ ‫يحكم‬ ‫حاكم‬ ‫مسائل دينية‬ ‫مسائل سياسية‬ ‫بوضوح‬ ‫مؤهلت‬ ‫مقرر تعليمي‬ ‫يقنع‬ ‫واثق‬

rules obey disobey relationship society social literature literary join university staff a research assistant a government inspector obey the rules appreciate inspire physical fitness graduation be shipwrecked

‫قواعد‬ ‫يطيع‬ ‫ يعصى‬/ ‫يتمرد على‬ ‫علقة‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫اجتماعى‬ ‫الدب‬ ‫أدبي‬ ‫ينضم الى‬ ‫هيئة التدريس بالجامعة‬ ‫باحث مساعد‬ ‫مفتش حكومي‬ ‫ميطيع القواعد‬ ‫يقدر‬ ‫ يوحى‬/ ‫يلهم‬ ‫اللياقة البدنية‬ ‫التخرج من الجامعة‬ ‫تتحطم به السفينة‬

check ‫ يتأكد من أمر ما‬/ ‫ يراجع‬/ ‫ يفحص‬pharaoh standard ‫ مستوي‬admire admiration ‫ إعجاب‬poor lighting document ‫ مستند‬social worker wounded soldiers ‫ جنود جرحي‬dentist open a school ‫ يفتتح مدرسة‬project coordinator the Second World War ‫ الحرب العالمية الثانية‬women's rights nursing school ‫ مدرسة للتمريض‬nursing staff nursery school ‫ حضانة‬spread flying ‫ الطيران‬brave pilot’s licence ‫ رخصة طيار‬war zone the Pacific Ocean ‫ المحيط الهادي‬pioneering fly a plane ‫ يقود طائرة‬found the British army ‫ الجيش البريطاني‬generous a plane crash ‫ حادث تحطم طائرة‬compassion cleanliness ‫ نظافة‬determination hygiene ‫ النظافة الشخصية‬bravery sanitation ‫ الصحة العامة‬qualities technical equipment ‫ معدات أو أجهزة فنية‬imitate antiseptic ‫ ممطهر‬occupation = situation antibiotics ‫ مضادات حيوية‬minister course of treatment ‫ الجرعات اللزمة للعلج‬prime minister effective drugs ‫ عقاقير فعالة‬president vaccine ‫ لقاح‬/ ‫ مصل‬additional information vaccination (‫ التلقيح )ضد المراض‬alternative overcrowded ‫ مكتظ‬/ ‫ مزدحم‬a positive attitude overcrowding ‫ الزدحام‬a pivotal role strength of character ‫ قوة الشخصية‬introduce new ideas a constructive dialogue ‫ حوار بناء‬spectacular success

‫فرعون‬ ‫ميعجب بـ‬ ‫إضاءة ضعيفة‬ ‫أخصائي اجتماعي‬ ‫طبيب أسنان‬ ‫ممنسق المشروع‬ ‫حقوق المرأة‬ ‫هيئة التمريض‬ ‫ ينتشر‬/ ‫ينشر‬ ‫ يتحدى‬/ ‫يواجه‬ ‫منطقة حربية‬ ‫ريادى‬ ‫يؤسس‬ ‫ سخى‬/ ‫كريم‬ ‫ شفقة‬/ ‫حنو‬ ‫م‬ ‫ عزيمة‬/ ‫تصميم‬ ‫شجاعة‬ ‫صفات‬ ‫ميقلد‬ ‫المهنة أو الوظيفة‬ ‫وزير‬ ‫رئيس الوزراء‬ ‫رئيس‬ ‫معلومات إضافية‬ ‫بديل‬ ‫موقف ايجابي‬ ‫دور حيوي أو أساسي‬ ‫يقدم أفكارا جديدة‬ ‫نجاح مذهل‬

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions wear black clothes ‫يرتدى ملبس الحداد‬ known as ‫معروف كـ‬ responsible for ‫مسئول عن‬ grow up ‫ يكبر‬/ ‫ينشأ‬ care for ‫يعتنى بـ‬ care about ‫يهتم بـ‬ popular with ‫ محبوب من‬/ ‫مشهور لدي‬ make flights ‫يقوم برحلت جوية‬ fly over long distances ‫يطير لمسافات بعيدة‬ the first of its kind ‫الولي من نوعها‬ look after = take care of ‫يعتني بـ‬ have a degree in ‫لديه درجة علمية في‬ do the cooking in detail miss the record

be awarded a degree hold a driving licence play a positive role in lose her life be associated with be determined to have access to good for suitable for successful at have an effect on do with his life

‫ يقوم بأعمال الطهى‬mark an event ‫ بالتفصيل‬proud of

‫ييمنح درجة علمية‬ ‫يحمل رخصة قيادة‬ ‫يلعب دور ايجابي في‬ ‫تفقد حياتها‬ ‫مرتبط بـ‬ ‫مصمم علي‬ ‫يكون على اتصال بـ‬ ‫مفيد لـ‬ ‫ صالح لـ‬/ ‫مناسب لـ‬ ‫ناجح فى‬ ‫له تأثير على‬ ‫له علقة بحياته‬

‫يميز حدث‬ ‫فخور بـ‬ ‫يفشل في تحطيم الرقم القياسي‬

break the world record born into a wealthy family take up much of her life

‫يحطم الرقم القياسي العالمي‬ ‫موللد في أسرة ثرية‬ ‫تشغل جزءاا كبيرا من حياتها‬

Definitions ‫تعريفات‬ Argue for

‫يجادل لصالح‬ ‫يدافع عن‬ Degree ‫درجة‬ ‫شأهادة علمية‬ Encourage ‫يشجع‬

to clearly explain why you think something is true or should be done the qualification given to someone who has successfully finished a university course to try to persuade someone to do something, especially by making them more confident Inspector ‫مفتش‬ someone whose job is to check that something is of a good enough standard and that rules are being obeyed Personal ‫شأخصي‬ involving someone's private life, their feelings, health and relationships Positive ‫ايجابي‬ having a good or useful effect Role ‫دور‬ the position that someone has in a situation or activity Be in charge of to be the person who controls or is responsible for someone or ‫ مسئول عن‬something Effective ‫ مؤثر‬/ ‫فعال‬ producing the result that was wanted Flight ‫رحلة طيران‬ a journey in a plane Impressive ‫ مبهر‬/ ‫مؤثر‬ making you admire something Licence ‫رخصة‬ an official document that gives you permission to do something Nursing ‫التمريض‬ the job of looking after people who are ill, injured or very poor Solo ‫ عمل منفرد‬/ ‫منفرد‬ done alone, without anyone else helping you Suitable ‫مناسب‬ right or acceptable for a particular purpose or situation

Confusable Words in time = not late, early enough ‫فى الوقت المناسب‬ on time = punctual ‫فى الميعاد‬ at a time ‫ فى ذلك الوقت‬/ ‫فى وقت‬ Ex: I got home just in time - it's starting to rain. Despite the bad weather, our plane left on time. At a time when many girls didn't go to school, Aisha’s mother encouraged her daughter to get a good education. on his own ‫ بمفرده‬/ ‫وحيد‬ Ex: He’s been living on his own for four years now. He had a car of his own.

of his own

‫ملكه‬

staff ‫هيئة العاملين‬ crew (‫ طائرة‬/ ‫طاقم )سفينة‬ Ex: When the ship sank, the crew were saved by a passing ship. She was awarded her degree and then joined the university staff as a research assistant.

Language Notes encourage + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + ‫ على‬..... ‫بشجع‬

‫ مصدر‬.....

discourage + ‫ مفعول‬+ from Ex: My parents encouraged me to study medicine. We should discourage people from polluting the environment. persuade + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + ‫ بأن‬..... ‫يقنع‬ Ex: He persuaded me to join a sports club.

‫ من‬....... ‫يمنع‬

‫ مصدر‬.....

be awarded Ex: Carlos was awarded the first prize in the essay competition.

(‫يتم منحه )جائزة‬

‫هناك ظروف معينة يمكن أن يبدأ بها الكلم و يأتي بعدها جملة كاملة مثل‬ Interestingly ‫ من المثير للهتمام‬/ undoubtedly ‫بل شك‬ unfortunately ‫للسف‬/ personally ‫بصفة شخصية‬ Ex: Interestingly, none of their three children ever married. Personally, I believe that everyone should study science at school. decide to + ‫مصدر‬ ‫ يقرر‬Ex: He decided to buy a new mobile. decide on + ‫يختار‬ ‫اسم‬ Ex: He decided on Greece for his next holiday. decide that + ‫يقرر أن‬ ‫جملة‬ Ex: He decided that he would buy a new mobile. Language Functions Asking for reasons Can you tell me why? Why …? Is that the reason…? Is that why …? What (did you choose …) for? What's the reason for …?

Giving reasons (It's) because … For (two/three) reasons To start with … Firstly / Secondly, because … That's one of the reasons Mainly because …

Study the following mini-dialogues: 1-A: I gave my mobile phone to my sister yesterday? B: What did you do that for? A: Mainly because someone bought me a new one for my birthday. 2-A: Can you tell me why you were late for school? B: To start with, I didn't hear my alarm clock. 3-A: Why do you want to study science at university? B: For two reasons. Firstly, because I enjoy science, and secondly because I want to be a doctor when I leave. 4-A: I was busy all day yesterday. B: Is that the reason you didn't phone me?  Choose the correct answer: 1- Amy Johnson was a pilot who (broke-destroyed-smashed-ruined) world records for solo flights. 2- Florence Nightingale was a nurse who (produced-directed-stretched-introduced) new ways of nursing. 3- Queen Victoria (stayed-took-ruled-involved) Britain for 63 years. 4- My older brother has a (decree-degree-licence-flight) in Maths from Cairo University.

5- Exercise can have a (positive-negative-position-positively) effect on your health and fitness. 6- Nurses have an important (goal-rule-role-rank) in looking after patients in a hospital. 7- My parents have always (stopped-prevented-discouraged-encouraged) me to work hard at school. 8- I'd prefer not to talk about that. It's something very (personal-personnel-in person-personally). 9- I found university work very difficult, but my friends were always very (negative-discouragingencouraging-passive). 10- Some students need much more (encouragement-discouragement-disappointment-depression) than others at school. 11- (Person-Personal-Personally-Personality), I believe that everyone should study science at school. 12- She would be a good nurse. She has a very kind (person-personal-personally-personality). 13- It was a great football match. Both teams played very (negatively-positively-badly-passively). 14- A 14-year old Japanese boy has become the youngest person to complete a (lonely-solo-alonesingle) voyage across the Pacific Ocean. 15- Before you can fly alone, you need to have a pilot's (qualification-degree-agreement-licence). 16- The (flying-flight-swimming-walking) from London to Cairo takes about 4 hours. 17- Some films are not (right-kind-cruel-suitable) for young children. 18- Doctors are always trying to find (effective-negative-useless-infectious) new treatments for diseases. 19- My uncle is (of charge-in charge-with control-by charge) of the Science Department in a secondary school. 20- Your grades are (impress-impressive-impression-impressed), Jena. 21- (A collector-An inspector-A conductor-An investigator) checks that something is of a good enough standard and that rules are being obeyed 22- (A licence-A degree-A bill-A receipt) is a document that gives permission to do something. 23- (Accounting-Teaching-Nursing-Training) is a job of looking after people who are ill. 24- (Polio-Folio-Polo-Solo) means done on your own, without help from another person. 25- The doctor (advised-devised-blamed-praised) him against smoking. 26- A (cruise-tour-voyage-flight) is a journey by air. 27- The radiation leak has had a disastrous (affect-affection-effect-effective) on the environment. 28- There's no doubt about Sara's (suit-suitable-suitability-suiting) for the job. She is very efficient. 29- A (duty-responsibility-role-charge) is the position that someone has in a situation or activity 30- Her work (took up-took off-took down-took to) much of her personal life. 31- Amy Johnson (made-did-worked-played) many long-distance flights. 32- Her great work is still (appeared-applied-appreciated-appointed) today. 33- She (spent-left-went-did) her life doing the things she was most interested in. 34- (Public-General-Universal-Personal) means involving someone's private life, their feelings, health and relationships 35- As well as writing books on (social-sociable-society-variety) and culture, she also wrote poems. 36- Aisha Abd El-Rahman helped to improve women's (site-disposition-post-position) in society. 37- She was (awarded-got-gave-rewarded) her degree in 2007. 38- He joined the university (stiff-staff-stuff-crew) as a research assistant. 39- She was employed as a government (actor-ambassador-inspector-ancestor) for the teaching of Arabic literature. 40- Dr Aisha Abd El-Rahman is better known to some people (for-by-as-of) Bint El-Shatei. 41- On your first day in a new job, you should make a good (expression-impression-depressiontradition). 42- My studies take (place-up-over-away) all my time. 43- Dr Aisha wrote articles in which she argued powerfully (for-against-out-with) womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rights. 44- Dalia was very successful (in-into-about-at) school and entered Assiut University. 45- Dr Aisha wrote many books and articles (on-of-for-in) cultural and religious matters.

46- He wrote many articles arguing (on-at-with-against) abusing ‫ سوء معاملة‬young children. 47- Mrs Mubarak has (promoted-argued-defended-supported) powerfully for children’s rights. 48- Dr Aisha wrote many books and articles on matters related to (cultured-culturally-culturalculture) and religion. 49- Yusuf’s ability to speak French is very impression. Many companies will want to hire him. 50- Although Amy (broke-lost-wasted-missed) the record, she became very popular with the British people.'''

Listening Ex l 1- Dr Aisha Abd EI-Rahman, is better known ……….. Some people as Bint El-Shatei. a- for b- to c- with d- by 2- She is one of the most famous people in Egyptian and Arab ……… a- society b- community c- culture d- cultural 3- ………………. writing books on society and culture, she also wrote poems and for fifty years wrote for

the newspaper: Al Ahram. a- As well

b- In addition

c- Beside

d- As well as

4- During her life, she helped to improve women’s…..in Egyptian society. a- place b- post c- career d- position 5- Dr Aisha used to go with her father to meetings, …………..she learned to read and write. a- at which b- which c- at where d- when 6- Aisha’s mother …………….. her daughter to get a good education . a- discouraged b- couraged c- encouraged d- anchoraged 7- Dr Aisha was successful at school and went to Cairo University, where she studied Arabic language and …… …... a- literate b- literature c- illiterate d- litter 8- 7-She was awarded her degree in 1939 and then joined the university ………………. as a research

assistant. a- stiff b- stuff c- staff d- safe 9- In 1942, she was employed as a government ………………….. for the teaching of Arabic literature. a- inspector b- respecter c- deselected d- inspection 10- ……..the name Bint El Shatei, Dr Aisha wrote many books and articles. a- Used b- Use c- To use d- Using 11- She ……… a more positive role for women in the modern world. a- argue with b- argue about c- argue against d- argue for 12- Dr Aisha was a …………………..teacher and taught at many universities across the Arab world. a- respect b- respectful c- respected d- respectable 13- With her husband, Dr Aisha spent holidays …….European museums, universities and libraries. a- to visit b-visited c- visit d- visiting 14- Dr Aisha died in 1998 …………. the age of eighty five . a- in b- by c- at d- with 15- Her work had ……………..much of her personal life. a- taken in b- taken to c- taken for d- taken up 16- Her work is still ………………………..today a- appreciated b- estimated c- valued d- evaluated S.B Exercise 17- Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 into a ……. family in Italy, but grew up and went to school in England. a- wealth b- filthy c- wealthy d- miser 18- She decided that she wanted to be a nurse, although her family did not think that this was a …… …….. job for their

young daughter. a- suitable

b- unsuitable

c- suit

Suiting

19- Florence's work in a London hospital was so …………………. . a- effect b- affect c- effective d- affective 20- The British government asked her to be ……………..the nursing of wounded soldiers abroad. a- charged with b- in charge with c- at charge by d- in charge of 21- ………………… in Europe, she returned to England and opened the Nightingale School of Nursing in

London. a- Having working

b- After working

c- Working

d- Work

22- Amy Johnson became interested in ………. while she was working as a secretary in London. a- driving b- flying c- sailing d- flight 23- In1929, she was …………… her pilot's licence. a- warded b- rewarded c- awarded d- prewarded 24- She tried to ……… the record for a solo flight from Britain to Australia. a- break b- destroy c- set up d- devastate 25- She flew ………. from London to Darwin in a small plane. a- lone b- alone c- lonely d- lonliness 26- Although Amy …………….. the record by just three days, she became very popular with the British

people. a- lost b- beat c- broke d- missed 27- Amy Johnson …………….. many other long-distance flights, and in 1936 broke the record for a solo flight

from London to South Africa. a- had

b- did

c- made

d- went

28- She also ……..planes for the British army during the Second World War, and was killed in a plane crash in

1941. a- drove

b- rode

c- flew W.B Exercise

d- took

29- To ….. is to clearly explain why you think something is true or should be done a- argue for b- argue with c- argue against d- discourage 30- A/an………..is the qualification given to someone who has successfully finished a university course. a- agree b- disagree c- degree d- grade 31- To …………. is to try to persuade someone to do something, especially by making them more confident a- discourage b- courage c- encourage d- courageous 32- To do with a person's private life is called …………………….... a- personnel b- person c- personality d- personal 33- ……………………………having a good or useful effect b-negative c- appositive d- expositive a- Positive 34- A…………..is the position that someone has in a situation or activity a- rule b- ruler c- roller Role 35- A/ An……….is someone whose job it is to check that something is of a good enough standard and that

rules are being obeyed.

a- Inspect

b- Inspection

c- Inspecting

d- Inspector

36- My older brother has a ………….in Maths from Cairo University. a- agree b- disagree c- degree d- grade 37- Exercise can have a................... effect on your health and fitness. b-negative c- appositive d- expositive a- Positive 38- Nurses have an important ...... in looking after patients in a hospital. a- rule b- ruler c- roller role 39- My parents have always ..................... me to work hard at school. a- discourage b- courage c- encourage d- courageous 40- I'd prefer not to talk about that. It's something very ...................... . a- personnel b- person c- personality d- personal

41- I found university work very difficult, but my friends were always very a- encourage b- courageous c- courage d- discouraging 42- Some students need more ...................... than others at school. a- encourage b- courageous c- encouragement d- discouraging 43- ………… I believe that everyone should study science at school. a- person b- personal c- personality d- personally 44- She would be a good nurse. She has a very kind ...... . a- person b- personal c- personality d- personally 45- It was a great football match. Both teams played very......... a- positive b- position c- positively d- negatively 46- A 14 year-old Japanese boy has become the youngest person to complete a/an ……..voyage a across the Pacific . a- solo b- alone c – lonely d- lone 47- Before you can fly alone, you need to have a pilot’s ……………….. a- qualification b- licence c- permit d- permission 48- The …………… from London to Cairo takes about four hours. a- flying b- fly c- flight d- flew 49- Some films are not ………………………. for young children. a- right b- suiting c- unsuitable d- suitable 50- My uncle is in ……… of the Science Department in a secondary school. a- control b- charge c- responsibility d- charger

Fady is with Amir and his friends and wants to buy a ticket at a railway station. Fady: I haven't used the machine in the railway station before. Does anyone know how to buy a ticket? Amir : 1)………………………………………. . You touch the screen to buy a ticket. Fady : OK, I see now. I tell it where I want to go. Where do I put the money? Amir : 2)…………………………………………………………..………………. Fady : No, the money won't go in there. Amir : Maybe the machine is broken. 3)………………………………………. Fady : From the ticket office? Perhaps you're right. Amir : I'm giving a talk about machines tomorrow. Fady : 4)……………………………………………………………………………. Amir : Good idea. I'll start the talk by telling them about what happened to you. Fady : How will you finish? Amir : 5)……………………………………………………………………………. Fady : You're right ! Machines do not always work I Amir : I wish you good luck. Fady : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Translate into arabic

1-The human brain is a bit like a computer. Scientists say people who use the right hand side of their brain most are usually artists and musicians and those who use the left-hand side of their brain most are usually scientists and politicians. 73

2-Amy Johnson was from the north of England and first became interested in flying while she was working as a secretary in London. In1929, she was awarded her pilot's licence and a year later tried to break the record for a solo flight from Britain to Australia. 1.‫تلعب المرأة دورا هاما في بناء المجتمع‬ ‫تتعرض كثير من الحيوانات والطيور النادرة للنقراض بسبب سوء استغلل النسان للبيئة‬  Translate into arabic 1- Egypt has always been called the “Birth place of civilization "because of its long and rich history. 2- Practising activities at school is of great importance. Teachers should encourage their students to participate effectively in school activities.. 3- Over-population in Egypt has led to many other problems like illiteracy, heavy traffic and unemployment. .  Translate into English:

.‫ يشكل تعليم الفتيات أولوية تحظى بالهتمام من جانب الحكومة المصرية‬-1 ‫ مسئولية كل مصري تجاه الشجار و الزهور كبيرة فهي تقلل من التلوث البيئي‬-2 . ‫ تلعب مكتبة المدرسة دورا هاما في تزويد الطلب بالمعلومات‬-3 -4

Language Focus Relative Clauses ‫عبارات الوصل‬

:‫ يستخدم ضمير الوصل لربط جملتين و يحل محل اسم أو ضمير موجود غأالبا في الجملة الثانية‬  Who: (‫يحل محل فاعل عاقل )يليه فعل و ل يمكن حذفه‬ - My penfriend is studying biology at university. He lives in Sweden. My penfriend who lives in Sweden is studying biology at university.  Whom / who: (‫تحل محل مفعول عاقل )يليه فاعل ثم فعل و يمكن حذفه‬ - The boy was not at home. I wanted to talk to him. The boy whom / who I wanted to talk to was not at home. The boy I wanted to talk to was not at home.  Which:

(‫تحل محل فاعل غأير عاقل )ليمكن حذفه( أو مفعول غأير عاقل )يمكن حذفه‬ - Our flat overlooks the Nile. It is on the fifth floor. Our flat, which is on the fifth floor, overlooks the Nile. - The shoes don’t fit very well. Nadia bought them. The shoes which Nadia bought don’t fit very well. The shoes Nadia bought don’t fit very well. :‫ لتحل محل فكرة كاملة‬which ‫يمكن أن نستخدم‬ - Jim passed the driving test. This surprised everybody. Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody.

 that:

(‫تحل محل فاعل عاقل أو غأير عاقل )ليمكن حذفه( أو مفعول عاقل أو غأير عاقل )يمكن حذفه‬ - My brother is going to visit us soon. He lives in New York. My brother that lives in New York is going to visit us soon. - Fruit tastes best. It ripens on the tree. Fruit that ripens on the tree tastes best.

 Whose: ‫و صفات الملكية وهى‬ 's ‫تستخدم للملكية وتحل اسم متبوع بـ‬ my/his/her/its/our/your/ their - Aisha is my best friend at school. Her father is a well-known doctor. Aisha whose father is a well-known doctor is my best friend at school.  Where: which ….. ‫ حرف جر‬/ ‫ حرف جر‬+ which (there / ‫تحل محل ظرف مكان )جار و مجرور‬ - My brother went to Alexandria University. He studies architecture there. My brother went to Alexandria University, where he studied architecture.  When: (there / ‫تحل محل ظرف زمان )جار و مجرور‬ - June is the month. I go on holiday in this month. June is the month when I go on holiday. :‫ ملحظات‬ :‫ هناك نوعان من عبارات الوصل‬ ‫ النوع الول يعطي معلومة أساسية عن الشيء أو الشخص أو المكان الذي نتحدث عنه ونستخدم في هذا‬ ‫النوع‬ ‫ بدل من ضمائر‬that ‫ ويمكن استخدام‬.‫ قبل أو بعد عبارة الوصل‬comma ‫ ول نستخدم‬who / which / whom . ‫الوصل المذكورة‬ - My brother that lives in New York is going to visit us soon. ‫ والنوع الثاني ل تقدم عبارة الوصل معلومة هامة عن الشيء أو الشخص أو المكان الذي نتحدث عنه ول بد من‬ :‫ في هذا النوع‬that ‫ قبل وبعد عبارة الوصل و ل تستخدم‬comma ‫استخدام‬ - My penfriend, who lives in Sweden, is studying biology at university. - Our flat, which is on the fifth floor, overlooks the Nile. :(‫ أيضا‬verb to be ‫ يمكن حذف ضمير الوصل في الحالت النية )مع ضرورة حذف‬ : ‫ إذا كان بعده مبنى للمجهول‬ - The man who was injured in the accident was taken to hospital. The man injured in the accident was taken to hospital. :(‫إذا كان بعده جار و مجرور )حرف جر واسم‬  - The boy who is in the library wants to borrow some books. The boy in the library wants to borrow some books. :‫إذا كان بعده اسم أو صفة بعدها اسم‬  - Dr Magdy Yacoub who is a famous heart surgeon was interviewed on TV. Dr Magdy Yacoub, a famous heart surgeon, was interviewed on TV. : v.+ ing ‫ إذا كان بعده مبنى للمعلوم و نضيف للفعل‬ - Students who arrived late missed the start of the experiment. Students arriving late missed the start of the experiment. : whom / which whose ‫ ل يسبقهما حرف جر بينما يمكن استخدام حرف جر قبل‬that / who ‫ لحظ أن‬ - This is Ali that I told you about. - This is Ali who / whom I told you about. - This is Ali about whom I told you. - The train by which I came arrived late. - The train that I came by arrived late. ‫ للشارة الى‬who ‫ أو‬that ‫ بعد صفات التفضيل للشارة إلي غأير العاقل و استخدام‬that ‫ لحظ استخدام‬ :‫العاقل‬ - This is the most interesting story that I have ever read. He was the best player that / who ever played football. all / much / little ‫ بعد‬that ‫ عادة تستخدم‬

- That was all that he had said.

‫ بدل من عبارة الوصل اذا كان ضمير الوصل في الجملة يحل محل الفاعل وفي‬.to + inf ‫ يمكن استخدام‬ : ‫حالة وجود ما يلي‬ the first / the second / the last / the only - Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon. - Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon. … who / that + ‫ اسم عاقل‬+ It + is / was ‫ لحظ هذه الصيغة‬ It + is / was + ‫ اسم غير عاقل‬+ which / that … - It was Graham Bill who / that invented the telephone. - It was the traffic which / that delayed us. what = the thing(s) that / everything that ‫ لحظ ان‬ - Everything that happened was my fault. What happened was my fault. - Did you hear the things that they said? Did you hear what they said?

 Choose the correct answer: 12345678-

The brother (who-whom-which-whose) lives in Moscow is coming home on Friday. My penfriend, (who-that-where-when) lives in Sweden, is studying biology at university. Aisha, (which-whom-whose-that) father is a well-known doctor, is my best friend at school. My brother (whom-whose-where-that) lives in New York is going to visit us soon. Fruit (when-that-where-what) ripens on the tree tastes best. Our flat, (which-that-whose-where) is on the fifth floor, overlooks the Nile. My brother went to Alexandria University, (which-when-that-where) he studied architecture. She's written an article (of which-with which-in which-in where) she describes the problems facing our country. 9- Dr Aisha used to go with her father to meetings (at which-of which-to which-for which) she learned to read and write. 10- Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert, died in 1861, (after which-with which-by which-from which) Victoria always wore black clothes. 11- I'm hoping to study science at university, (which-that-after which-of which) I'd like to work as a research assistant. 12- The city (that-in which-when-what) I was born is in the south of Egypt. 13- Yesterday, I played a long game of tennis with my brother, (when-that-which-for which) made me very tired. 14- This is the bank (which-who-where-who) was robbed yesterday. 15- The man (who-which-that-whose) robbed the bank had two pistols. 16- He wore a mask (who-which-that-whose) made him look like Mickey Mouse. 17- He came with a friend (who-which-that-whose) waited outside in the car. 18- The woman (who-which-that-whose) gave him the money was young. 19- The bag (who-which-that-whose) contained the money was yellow. 20- The people (who-which-that-whose) were in the bank were very frightened. 21- A man (who-which-that-whose) mobile was ringing did not know what to do. 22- The car (who-where-which-when) the bank robbers escaped in was orange. 23- The man (who-which-that-whose) drove the car was nervous. 24- He didn't wait at the traffic lights (who-where-which-when) were red. 25- A police officer (who-which-that-whose) car was parked at the next corner stopped and arrested them.

S.B 76

1. Dr Aisha Abd EI-Rahman, …… is better known to some people as Bint EI-Shatei, is one of the most

famous people in Egyptian and Arab culture. a- who

b- that

c- which

d- when

2. Dr Aisha used to go with him to meetings …….. she learned to read and write . a- which b- at where c- at which d- at that 3. She went to Cairo University, …….. she studied Arabic language and literature . a- which b- where c- that d- in where 4. Dr Aisha wrote many books and articles ………….she argued for a more positive role for women in the

modern world. a- in which

b- which

c- when

d- who

5. Her work, ……………..had taken up much of her personal-life, is still appreciated today. a- what b- where c- which d- who 6. Dr Aisha, ………………….father was an important man, was born in Damietta in 1913. a- who b- which c- what d- whose 7. Dr Aisha wrote many articles ………….. She discussed women and society in these articles. a- in which b- which c- when d- who 8. Queen Victoria, ………………was born in London in 1819, was educated in London alone, without

meeting other children. a- where

b- that

c- who

d- which

9. Queen Victoria, …………. died in January 1901, was queen of Britain for most of the nineteenth

century. a- in which b- which c- when d- who 10. Queen Victoria ,…………. ruled for more than 63 years, was queen for longer than any other British

ruler. a- who

b- which c- what d- whose 11. Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert, died in 1861, after ……………, Victoria always wore black

clothes. a- where

b- when

c- who

d- which

12. I'm hoping to study science at university, after …………. I'd like to work as a research scientist. a- where b- when c- who d- which 13. The town ………………….. I was born is in the north of Egypt. a- which b- by which c- in which d- after which 14. These days, women have as good an education as men, …………………. I think is a good thing. a- where b- when c- who d- which W.B 4-Choose the correct answer from a, b ,c or d 15. Yesterday, I played a long game of tennis with my brother, ……….. made me very tired. a- where b- when c- who d- which 16. The nurse, …………….. responsibility is to look after young children, has worked at the hospital for ten

years. a- who b- which c- what d- whose 17. The person …… does most of the cooking in our family is my mother. a- where b- when c- who d- which 18. 1837 was the year ………… Victoria became queen of Britain. a- where b- when c- who d- which 19. I've just read a newspaper article …………. the life of a famous woman is described in detail. a- which b- by which c- in which d- after which 20. My sister went to London University, ………….. she studied history. a- when b- by which c- where d- that

21. Lord of the Flies is a story …………….. a group of school boys are shipwrecked on an island. a- in which b- to which c- at which d- by which 22. She asked me 'where I had been, ………… I replied, "It's a secret". a- in which b- to which c- at which d- by which 23. Tomorrow, I'm going to a meeting ………… we're going to discuss women's role in society. a- in which b- to which c- at which d- by which 24. He says he's busy, ………….. he really means he doesn't want to go out this evening. a- in which b- to which c- at which d- by which 25. They said something very cruel, ……….I think they should apologise. a- in which b- to which c- for which d- by which 26. Cleopatra, ………. was very beautiful, was the last pharaoh of Egypt. a- where b- when c- who d- which 27. Woman's Day, … marks an important event in 1919, is on March 16. a- where b- when c- who d- which 28. Alexandria, ……………… my mother was born, is in northern Egypt. a- where b- when c- who d- which 29. I have been reading about famous women, ………….. I have found very interesting. a- where b- when c- who d- which 30. Agatha Christie was a famous crime writer …….. books were translated into many languages. a- where b- when c- whose d- which 31. Agatha Christie, ………. books were translated into many languages, was a famous crime writer. a- where b- when c- who d- whose

Translate 1-The financial crisis has had a serious effect on the global economy. ‫لقد كان للزمة المالية تأثير خطير علي القاتصاد العالمي‬. 2-Egypt is trying to improve its economy by carrying out a lot of gigantic projects. ‫تحاول مصر تحسين اقاتصادها عن طريق تنفيذ الكثير من المشروعات الضخمة‬. 3-Undoubtedly, Egypt is able to face the consequences of the global financial crisis. ‫مما ل شك فيه أن مصر قاادرة علي مواجهة عواقاب الزمة المالية العالمية‬. 4-There must be an effective strategy to face the financial crisis which all world countries suffer from. ‫ل باد أن تكون هناك اساتراتيجية فعالة لمواجهة الزمة المالية التي تعاني منها كل دول العالم‬. B) Translate into English:

‫ للختراعات الحديثة الكثير من المزايا كما أن لها بعض العيوب‬.‫ المية مشكلة اجتماعية خطيرة ول بد أن نبذل المزيد من الجهود لحلها‬-

Comprehension While I was walking along the road the other day I happened to notice a small brown leather purse lying on the pavement. I picked it up and opened it to see if I could find out the owner's name. There was nothing inside it except some small change and a rather old photograph-a picture of a woman and a young girl about twelve years old, who looked like the woman's daughter. I put the photograph back and took the purse to the police station, where I handed it to the sergeant in charge. Before I left, the sergeant made a note of my name and address in case the owner of the purse wanted to write and thank me. 78

That evening I went to have dinner with an uncle and aunt of mine. They had also invited another person, a young woman, so that we would sit on the at table. The young woman's face was familiar, but I could not remember where I had seen it. I was quite sure that we had not met before. In the course of conversation, however, the young woman happened to remark that she had lost her purse that afternoon. I at once remembered where I had seen her face. She was the young girl in the photograph, although she was now much older. Of course she was very surprised when I was able to describe her purse to her. Then I explained that I had recognised her face from the photograph I had found in the purse. My uncle insisted on going round to the police station immediately to claim the purse. As the police sergeant handed it over, he said that it was a remarkable coincidence that I had found not only the purse but also the person who had lost it. Answer the following question:1-Why did the sergeant make a note of the writer's name and address? 2-Where did the people in the passage go to get the purse back? 3-What did the young lady say that made the writer knew she was the owner of the purse? 4-Why did the writer open the purse once he saw it? Choose the best answer. 5-The purse which the writer found…………… (1) was empty (2) had some money in it (3) had a few coins and a photograph in it (4) had an old photograph in it 6- The writer recognised the young woman because………… (1) he had met her somewhere before (2) she was the woman in the photograph (3) she often had dinner with his uncle and aunt (4) she looked rather like the young girl in the photograph 7-The girl felt………..when the man described the purse for her. (1) afraid (2) shocked (3) surprised (4) happy 8-It was a good coincidence for the writer to find…………… (1) the purse owner (2) the purse (3) the police station (4) the owner and its purse 9-There were…………..person on the table for dinner. (1) three (2) four (3) five (4) six

Amir Fady Amir Fady Amir Fady Amir Fady

: I'm giving a talk about machines tomorrow. : 4)……………………………………………………………………………. : Good idea. I'll start the talk by telling them about what happened to you. : How will you finish? : 5)……………………………………………………………………………. : You're right ! Machines do not always work I : I wish you good luck. : …………………6…………………………………………………………………………………………….

Write on one of the following paragraphs about 120 words Hard work leads to success A character we are all proud of ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 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Translate into arabic 1-The human brain is a bit like a computer. Scientists say people who use the right hand side of their brain most are usually artists and musicians and those who use the left-hand side of their brain most are usually scientists and politicians. 2-Amy Johnson was from the north of England and first became interested in flying while she was working as a secretary in London. In1929, she was awarded her pilot's licence and a year later tried to break the record for a solo flight from Britain to Australia. ‫ترجم الي اللغه النجليزيه‬ 1.‫تلعب المرأة دورا هاما في بناء المجتمع‬ 2. ‫تتعرض كثير من الحيوانات والطيور النادرة للنقراض بسبب سوء استغلل النسان للبيئة‬

01003692527 Unit 5

‫للتواصل‬ : Emily Dickinson