Daniel Alcala: Master in Collective Housing Compilation Book by Daniel Alcala

DANIEL ALCALA Master in Collective Housing 2017 C O M P I L A T I O N

B O O K

ET SAM CA M PUS

ET H CA M P US

MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE IN COLLECTIVE HOUSING A R C HIT E C T UR E M AST E R OF ADVAN CED S T U D I ES U P M / ET H C L AS S 2017

Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich

AC K N OW L E DG E M E N T S

The entire MCH experience would not have been possible without the support of Rosalba Díaz and Jesús Alcalá, my parents. Thank you for all your love and favour. I thank my business partners Alberto Sánchez and Oscar Hernández for their sy mpat hetic attitude towards my wish of spending one year out of our of fice. Thank you Professor José María de Lapuerta for bringing me the opportunity of belonging to the MCH legacy. Thank you to all professors, assistants and workshop leaders, for their enthusiasm and for their teaching. Thank you Rosario and María José for all the help. And special thanks to all my fellow collegues because apart from having a fructuous professional exchange they became true friends with me.

P R O L OG U E

The value of Collective Housing lies on its capacity to conform the city, it can be donor of its identity. The Master in Collective Housing is an integrative postgraduate program that mainly works on two axes: one-weeklong pragmatic workshops led by international renow ned architects and subject-driven seminars which fill you with theor y and research. This mix provides a rich input that can be channelled into fresh -though justified- urbanistic and architectural proposals by working on dif ferent contexts (geographical, socio-political, cultural). This document contains eleven projects developed during six months of intense in-studio practice along with two essays which intend to express my personal point of view on the matter.

CV Pas eo del Marqués de Monistrol 126, Primero. Madrid, Spain.

[ + 34 ] 6 0 3 - 5 8 0 2 23 d a niel@stvx.m x www.stvx.mx Architecture degree by:

Un i ver sid a d Au tón oma de Agu as cali e n te s [MEXICO] License No: 8305545

M I T x Cer tificade A Global Histor y of Architecture Currently studying

M a ster in Colle c tive H ousi ng ETSAM/ETH Zürich

LE ED G r een As s ociate Credential ID: 11171644-GREEN-ASSOCIATE English: Fluent French: Academic

Founded STVX in 2015 with Alberto Sánchez and Oscar Hernández. As STVX we have been published by renowned architecture platforms like Archdaily and Arquitectura Viva (online).

CO N TE N T

1 Urban Planning and Landscape Projects

1.1

The P ar k City : Urba n Q ua rter Specialty Director: Vittorio Magnano Lampugnani

1.2 A M at Within the Existing Workshop by: Anne Lacaton

1.3 The D io cletian Loop Workshop by: Hrvoje Njiric

1.4

Low Co st H o using: Sierra Leona First A pproa ch Workshop by: Anna Heringer

1.5

Low Co st H o using: Sierra Leona Second A pproa ch Specialty Director: Belén Gesto

2 Architecture Projects

2. 1

Co llective H o u sing: Building Depth Workshop by: Andrea Deplazes

2. 2 The S wiss Tower: Core & Shell Workshop by: Patrick Gmür

2. 3 Ar chitectur e: A Method Workshop by: Dietmar Eberle

2. 4

Und er gr o und Plaza : Bioclima tic Stra tegies Specialty Director: Javier García-Germán

2. 5 Co - H o using B a rcelona Workshop by: Josep María Montaner & Zaida Muxi

2. 6 P ho tovo ltaic Skin a nd Ra mmed Ea rth Specialty Director: Ignacio Fernández

Overview M AS T E R I N COL L E CTI VE HOUSING WO R LD M AP OF P R OJECT LOCATIONS

T HE PARK C ITY M a d r i d , Spai n .

A M AT WITHIN THE E X I S TI NG D u n k i rk , Fran ce.

T HE DIOC LETIAN LOO P S p li t , Croat i a.

L OW COST HOU SIN G M a ke n i , Si erra L eon e.

B UI LDING DEPTH 12 M Ag u a s cal i en tes, M ex i co.

T HE SW ISS TOWER

Z Ã¼ r i c h, Swi t zerl an d.

A RC HITEC TU RE: A ME THO D M a d r i d , Spai n .

UN DERGROU ND PL A Z A M o s cow, R us si a.

CO-HOU SING B a r cel on a, Spai n .

PHOTOVOLTAIC SK I N A N D RAMMED EAR TH Ag u a s cal i en tes, M ex i co.

Urban P

Planning

Landscape

Essays

LANDSCAPE TODAY

Since the Industrial Revolution started, the world has changed dramatically. Industrialization has changed the way we live, having a huge impact in the physical milieu that we inhabit. When it all began, more than 200 years ago, humanity could only think of it as the right path for progress and prosperity. Nevertheless, as centuries came by, and the dream of industrialization permeated architecture through Modernism,

the dream of an integration of technology and aesthetics was no longer believable.1 This post-industrial reality has become a substantial topic for landscape architects, who not only regenerate forgotten brownfields, but also take industrial integration as the founding pillar in the twentieth first century landscape endeavor. One of the most prominent products of the Industrial Era is the automobile. It has been more than one hundred years since the Ford â&#x20AC;&#x153;Tâ&#x20AC;? model was mass produced and the aftermath of such a revolutionary invention is still present all around the planet. Cars have deeply changed the cityscape of entire nations and have

strongly molded the relationship between people and their territory. Urban milieu has also been transformed into a network of fluxes coming along with the culture of congestion, having Manhattan as its most prominent exemple.2 Along with the automobile success, came a serious deterioration of the natural environment. The transformed landscape of the industrialized city brought new challenges to urban planners, architects and engineers. While the work of engineers is palpable, a significant twist in professional roles has been held. What ever happened to Urbanism?3 Well, as it turns out, urban planners are now interested in immaterial purposes, in other words: they are

more concerned about making money and potentiating profitable areas than structuring the city in a physical manner. In that sense, landscape architects have taken as a personal task to undergo such a challenge. Maybe this situation is more recent than we could expect, as Charles Waldheim states “Landscape is usurping architecture´s historical role as the basic building block of city making.”

REFERENCES:

1 Stan Allen, 2 Rem Koolhaas, 3 Rem Koolhaas

CONTINUES IN PAGE 24

Urban Design/ Landscape

1.1

MAST E R I N CO L L E C T I V E HO USING SPECIALTY:

URBAN DESIGN & HOUSING THEORY INTEGRATED MODULE:

L A ND S CAP E D E S I G N AUTHORS:

AL CA L A, DAN I E L M ÉN DE Z, M AU R I CI O PROFESSOR:

VIT TORI O L A MP U G N A N I BERNARDO Y N Z E N G A GINÉ S G ARR I DO SUBJECT:

URBAN Q UA R TE R PL ACE:

M ADRI D, S PA I N .

URBAN QUARTER: THE PARK CITY Madrid

Fusing city an nature has been vastly studied for a long time; from Ebenezer Howard´s Garden City or Le Corbusier´s Ville Radieuse, to sprawled suburbs all along the world, this topic preserves its validity. It clings to the mind and efforts of planners, developers, urban designers and of course, architects. The main drivers of the proposal lie in terms of density, floor area ratio and more importantly: the relation between built and open space. In times of Climate Change, architecture must reconcile with nature.

Urban Design/ Landscape

M-503

M-30

CASA DE CAMPO

1. DISTANCE FROM MADRIDÂ´S CENTER

1. The chosen 60 hectares site is located just aside Casa de Campo, being almost 7 kilometers away from Madrid Center. Half of the site belongs to MadridÂ´s municipality and the other half to Aravaca. It is presumed that the site served as landfill, taking debris from near by constructions.

3. We started working on 60 hectares, but due to the nature of the proposal we decided to continue working on only 20, that way we could achieve a more insightful process. After this phase we would again try to extend the project to 60 hectares.

3. ARAVACA 20H

ROSA DE LUXEMBURGO

ARAVACA

CASA DE CAMPO

2. ARAVACA 60H

2. The urban settlements near the site are diverse. At the northern part stands a very low dense/single family system, and at the western different typologies of collective housing. A Cercanias station is located 800 meters away from the project boundary.

4. The site is isolated from MadridÂ´s urban tissue. We considered that the suburban fabric was not adequate enough to extend. This gave us the exciting oppportunity to make a unique urban proposal, one that could have its very own identity.

CERCANIAS RAILWAY

M-508

M-503

4. URBAN BORDERS

Urban Design/ Landscape

CITIES OVERLAP

BARCELONA

ROME

PARIS

CARTAGENA

MANHATTAN

AGUASCALIENTES

MADRID CENTRO

MADRID ENSANCHE

Urban Design/ Landscape MADRIDÂ´S SKYLINE FROM ARAVACA SITE.

Urban Design/ Landscape

DESIGN EVOLUTION

1st PROPOSAL

2nd PROPOSAL

3rd PROPOSAL

Urban Design/ Landscape

5. REFORESTATION

5. Trees are key elements of parks and give them identity. As the site is currently unvegetated a major reforestation (by phases) is proposed. Shading is extremely important in this climate and is a key element for the success of such an urbanistic approach.

6. Full-time motorized roads will be placed on the periphery of each 20 hectares. 7. An organic ribbon will serve as bicycle and pedestrian path, connecting buildings with the park and commercial/social/services areas. 8. A very natural atmosphere is intended.

6. MOTORIZED ROADS

7. VOLUMES & LANDSCAPE TRACE

8. ATMOSPHERE

Urban Design/ Landscape Perspective View of the Park City Proposal

Urban Design/ Landscape

E XP LO D E D A XON OM E T R I C

3 2

6 1 . S tr u c tu ra l a n d C ir c ula t ion Cor e s 2 . N or t -S out h S la bs 3 . Ea st -We st Mira dor s 4 . Buildin g Plin t hs 5. Bi c yc le s a n d Pe de st r ia n Pa t hs 6 . Motor ize d R oa ds

BIRD EYE VIEW

Urban Design/ Landscape

Landscape as Infrastructure Contemporary landscape architecture is about territory and infrastructure. Is not about ornament but activity and architectural program. It is not about unmodifiable public structures, but about layered, non-hierarchical, flexible and strategic realities which accommodate all manner of urban activities, planned and unplanned.4 One example of this postmodern approach is the competition of Parc de la Villette, in Paris. The built project, from Bernard Tschumi and second place, from OMA/Koolhaas, both rethink landscape as the most suitable medium through which to order programmatic change over time.5 In Koolhaa´s words: “the infrastructure of the park was strategically organized to support an indeterminate and unknowable set of future uses over time: […] during the life of the park, the program will undergo constant change and adjustment”. This concepts are replicable throughout the city. To think of programmatic, socio-political processes as volatile and not as a finished reality. The juxtaposition of irreconcilable contents6 gives place to heterogeneity and to a whole branch of opportunities to live the public space. Public space has a key role in how social processes are being developed. Humanity is experimenting several social revolutions in terms of exclussion (race, way of thinking, sexual orientation, religion). As Allen puts it: “landscape Is not only a formal model for urbanism today, but perhaps more importantly, a model for process”. It is great challenge how to design public space as a real scenario for social integration. In that sense, an imminent questions rises. How should public space respond to the current and future needs of a transforming society?_ ce. REFERENCES:

4 Rem Koolhaas, 5 Bernard Tschumi, 6 Rem Koolhaas

Urban Design/ Landscape

1.2

MAST E R I N CO L L E C T I V E HO USING WORKS H OP B Y A N N E L ACATO N ASSISTED BY

DI E G O G A R CÍ A -S ET I É N

AUTHORS:

AL CA L A, DAN I E L AM IN, ARM A N DE M ORAE S , TA I S SUBJECT:

BUIL DI NG RE -U S E . PL ACE:

DUNKI RK, F R A N CE . DURATION:

5 DAY S

A MAT WITHIN THE EXISTING Dunkirk, Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Situated in an historically important area, the project´s aim is to integrate a number of abandoned industrial buildings into a revitalized mixed-use fabric. In addition to expanding the residential supply, we propose the regeneration of former railyards into public space, converting former oblivious industrial space into scenic promenades and plazas. Density and access to views are also key drivers of the proposal. The new embracing structure recalls shipyards and the vessel-building process, in this way the project maintains its historic essence.

Urban Design/ Landscape The site is loaded with intense historical charge. In one hand by housing an important maritime complex and in the other by having played a key role in the Second World WarÂ´s Operation Dynamo.

DOCK

28 L A M A NCH E

CAN AL

Bird Eye View

Urban Design/ Landscape

VIEWS TOWA RDS TH E S E A

S C EN IC PRO MEN A D E

N E W VA R A N DA H O U S ES

RE- US E TH E PRE- EXIS TIN G

Urban Design/ Landscape

Transversal Section of the proposal where the new architectural objects embrace the pre-existing ones bringing them a new life and launching new urban life in former railyards.

Urban Design/ Landscape

1.3

MAST E R I N CO L L E C T I V E HO USING HRVOJE N JI R I C WO R K S H O P ASSISTED BY

NI E V E S ME S TR E

AUTHORS:

AL CA L A, DAN I E L GUIL L ÉN , BL A N CA SUBJECT:

S HOW YOUR D I S N E Y S I D E PL ACE:

S PL IT , C ROATI A . DURATION:

5 DAY S

THE DIOCLETIAN LOOP Split

A 20 years life span “temporal” housing system was the design request. Situated in the millenary Diocletian Palace, the project stems from a comprehensive study on tourism flows and the multilayered conformation of the site. Millions of tourists come each year to Split having the enclosed palace as the main attraction. By means of their importance, tourists are the main user of our project and not Croatian inhabitants, who inevitably would not like to leave their homes after 20 years of use.

Urban Design/ Landscape Situted in the city of Split, the Diocletian Palace enjoys of great popularity among tourists.

It was conceibed as an enclosed complex, having 4 gates and Cardo and Decumano streets.

A tourist guide map gave us the idea of working with visitors fluxes, creating a closed circuit.

The Peristyle is an iconic area of the site, located between the Vestibule and the Mausoleum.

Urban Design/ Landscape

A c l o s e d ci r cu i t i s p r o p o s e d a s t h e m a i n u r b a n s tra te g y. Th e n ew s e m i - te m p o ra l o b j e c t s co m e i n fo r m o f towe r s d u e t h e i n te r e s t n o t to de m o l i s h a ny ex i s t i n g b u i l d i n g s. A n ew r e l a t i o n b e t we e n t h e p e r m an e n t (t h e o r i gi n a l towe r , t h e m u s e u m , t h e wa l l s , e tc) a n d t h e te m p o ra l (vi s i to r s / r e s i d e nt i a l towe r s a l m o s t a s t a l l a s t h e o r i gi n a l o n e ) i s b o r n . A p a r t f r o m t h e t wo n ew towe r s a p r o g ra m m a t i c b r i dg e (a n h a bi t a b l e ex te n s i o n o f tower two ) i s p r o p o s e d . It w i l l s e r ve a s co n n e c ti o n fo r t h e p r evi o u s l y d i s co n n e c te d ci r cu i t .

THE LOOP

60 m

50 m

40 m

TOWER TWO AND BRIDGE

VERTICALLITY

Urban Design/ Landscape

S e c tio n x -x Â´

S e c tio n y -y Â´

R i ght . To p v i ew o f th e l oop . It i s a c l os e d c ir c uit whic h travels at di f fer en t l eve l s a n d con n e c ts th e n ew a r c hite ct ura l o b j ec ts w i th th e p r e - exi ti n g o n e s.

x´

y´

Urban Design/ Landscape MODEL LOOP ILLUSTRATION: IN DOTTED LINE THE UNDERGROUND PATH.

Urban Design/ Landscape

The towers and bridge land on site as â&#x20AC;&#x153;friendly alien who speak the languageâ&#x20AC;?. The two towers come in different heights to respond to the context.

The towers have to be as thin and as high as possible, impacting the less the pre-existing but with reasonable housing capacity.

The original tower remains the highest. The architectural language of the towers dialogues with the context.

The decision on having different types of arches stemmed from historical reasons. (Palimpsest: Romanesque, then Gothic).

Urban Design/ Landscape A XO N OM E TR I C VIEW

1. The bridge plays a key role on the proposal, as it is not only a connection, but a programmatic extension of one of the towers. 2. The helicoid connects 3 levels: the secondary bridge of tower two, the program under the brigde and the ruins level.

3. As part of the Loop, one level of Tower Two is public and serves as mirador. It is reachable from a special visitors stair that is connected to the bridge by the helicoid.

Urban Design/ Landscape

1.4

MAST E R I N CO L L E C T I V E HO USING ANN A HE RI N G E R WO R K S H O P ASSISTED BY

BE LÃ&#x2030; N G E S TO

AUTHORS:

AL CA L A, DAN I E L EL - HAC E M , G E O R G E S GIL BERT , O S CA R SUBJECT:

WORK WI T H MU D PL ACE:

M AKEN I , S I E R R A LE O N E . DURATION:

5 DAY S

LOW COST HOUSING SIERRA LEONA

1ST APPROACH

Makeni

A dignified home should be a right for every human being. Millions of people live in precarious conditions all around the world; economical and political instabilities impede social development in third world countries. This workshop -in which every proposal was conducted using mud-, freed our minds from preconciebed thoughts on working in very limited circumstances. We used our hands to mold new realities, ones that can become achievable by people who lack technology and fancy materials.

Urban Design/ Landscape

1.5

MAST E R I N CO L L E C T I V E HO USING SPECIALTY:

LOW COST HOUSING AUTHORS:

AL CA L A, DAN I E L EL - HAC E M , G E O R G E S L OZAN O, G O N Z A LO RODRÍ G U E Z , O S CA R PROFESSOR:

BEL É N G ES TO L UIS PERE A SUBJECT:

L OW CO S T PL ACE:

M AKEN I , S I E R R A LE O N E .

LOW COST HOUSING SIERRA LEONA

2nd APPROACH

Makeni

This seminar is related to the previous workshop although the project is not located on the same site. The purpose of it was to provide ideas for improving the built reality of an area in Makeni taking into account the socioeconomic situation of the population, the necessity of defined interaction spaces and the growth of the urban footprint in the years to come. The key driver for the proposal was to anticipate urban growth fluxes and route them to connect 4 “suburbs”, creating public space among them.

Urban Design/ Landscape

Up. Detail of Public Space expansive Mat. Down. In blue; the new houses, in white; the pre-existing houses, in yellow; Community Building and in orange the new Public Space Mat.

BIRD EYE VIEW

Urban Design/ Landscape

Essays

SOCIAL SEGGREGATION: THE LOCAL´S CITY V Our world is getting hyper-urbanized. According to United Nations (UN), 54 per cent of global population lives in urban areas and by 2050 it will increase to 66 per cent. The world is getting overpopulated. With these, many other circumstances come by. Immigration is one of them. War, poverty, the search for a better life; these are some of the reasons why millions of people leave their origin countries and enter, sometimes illegally, into states which can potentially change their lifestyle. As these large numbers of immigrants try to access to stranger land, host governments have to deal with solutions on how to control the entry of non-national people into the territory. Some examples of such panorama are the US and Europe. In the first case, an economic powerful state is forced to deal with massive immigration by reason of being consider as a promised land. The United States have been dealing with immigrants not only from within the continent, but also from Africa and Asia. Millions of people try to enter into the US in the search of the “American Dream”. Latin-American people conform the majority of immigrants who have trespassed the North-American border. Due to immigration policies, visas are imposed to certain citizenships, these is why illegal immigrants

risk their lives trying to enter into the country through desert scenarios and dangerous waters. Those who are lucky enough to enter, tend to look for a job immediately. This job will allow them to survive and send some money to their families across the border. The second case does not only deal with the search of a better life because of economical reasons, but also because of sociopolitical instabilities. Europe has hovered immigration of people suffering war and hunger in their countries of origin. Thousands of refugees from middle-East countries, like Libya, have entered the borders of European countries like Greece and Germany in the search of protection. They are usually accommodated in temporal refugee camps while peace is restored in their homeland. Nonetheless, Europe also receives a large number of “legal” immigrants. Students, professors, businessmen, family members, among others; this is the spectrum of society which later conform portions of the city (and eventually get segregated). Immigrants are generally people from low social classes which do not have enough money to own their own place. These drives them to look for a place to rent. This situation works as a macro scale detonator for the real estate activity of the city.

VS THE OUTSIDER´S CITY Defined areas of the city start to accommodate foreigners, and through time, they consolidate in such a way that it becomes unlikely to find local people within the place.

Increasing housing hardship, precariousness, substandard accommodation, overcrowding, rent premium, peripheral settlement and residual access to services and infrastructures depict the general picture of a huge numbers of immigrants, including those with a job, good professional skills and educational levels.1 Immigrant areas within the city tend not to have the best infrastructure, they suffer lack of quality public space, schools, sport centers, cultural centers, etc. In some scenarios they also go through urban disconnection, making it difficult to get access to public transportation.

Ethnic residential marginalization is considered unintended as often attributed to intractable polarization dynamics, or regarded as a temporary phase assuming that market mechanisms, third parties and immigrants themselves will accommodate the foreign presence. When recognised as a threat, it is mistakenly ‘combined with poverty, unemployment, low quality of education. 2 As it is a problem which encompasses diverse realities (urban, social, economic, political), it is a difficult task to give a holistic solution. This situation is even leading to huge changes

in Europe, like the Brexit. The British are withdrawing from the European Union, and the reason for that is no other than national protectionism. British people want to stop immigration. Among their reasons we can find: a) they feel immigrants are taking their jobs, b) fear and sense of unsafety because of terrorism and c) race merging. In the other hand, segregation can be found not only by ethnic reasons, but also by socio-economic ones. Of course in cases like Europe, both reasons come together, but that is not necessarily what happens in other realities, like the latin-american countries. REFERENCES:

1-2 Arbaci, S. (2007). “Ethnic Segregation, Housing Systems and Welfare Regimes in Europe”. International Journal of Housing Policy. 7 (4), 401-33.

Essays AGUASCALIENTES, MÉXICO. All photographs ©ISAI BARRANATA.

Essays

LetÂ´s take as example Mexican cities. Mexican economy has been deteriorating since decades and is still an underdeveloped country. Nevertheless, being an underdeveloped country does not mean to be a poor country. There exists a great deal of inequality. Middle class has been diminishing while the contrast between the poorest and the richest is getting stronger. The greatest part of richness is in hands of very few people across the country. These results in divided cities and in social segregation. While the minority are able to establish influence over the political class and obtain benefits, the low income majority suffers from poor quality settlements, disconnected housing areas, lack of services and a deplorable urban context. In many cases, the poorest parts of the city are built in illegal zones, which then become outlaw areas where not even the police enters. This situation has led to an urban transformation driven by changes in real estate solutions; since the dawn of the twentieth first century, closed housing clusters have been proliferating. This modality has reached the vast majority of Mexican cities. These cluster systems are based on enclosed housing developments, which are low-dense, based on individual housing. This housing reality leads to the extension of cities, intensifying urban sprawl and magnifying entropy. As political crisis and corruption are a latent reality, developers find their way to avoid their obligations in terms of land donations and these results in large residential developments without

Essays the necessary mixed use and equipment integration. Along with this problematic, as cities tend to extend in a very diffuse manner, collective transport is a major trouble. Opposite to European cities, there are no passenger trains and metro systems are only existing in major cities like Mexico City, Monterrey and Guadalajara. Most of provincial cities work with bus systems, which generally exist in a deplorable state. The main way of transport is motor cars and there is also a lack of quality in pedestrian paths, making it even difficult to walk. For the working class, working areas are usually very distant from their residence, making it necessary to travel long distances and spend great deals of time in transport. As motor cars are the preferred way of traffic, municipalities

consume huge amounts of public money in streets and highways maintenance. All these problematics have a common dilemma: policies. Why have governments not developed policies in order to increase density or directed opportunities to change the transport system? The problem is right ahead, and everyone knows that segregation does no good to anybody. So, why donÂ´t things change? A new approach in urban planning is needed. One that focuses on overall welfare and progress for everyone. A new political class is also needed, it has been demonstrated that current politicians are corrupted and they only seek for their wellbeing. These has to stop. It is the time for our generation to really start changing the social reality of the world. LetÂ´s put some action.

ECTURE

Architecture

2.1

MAST E R I N CO L L E C T I V E HO USING AND RE A DE P L A Z E S WO R K S HO P ASSISTED BY

F E R N A N DO A LTO Z A NO

AUTHORS:

AL CA L A, DAN I E L SUBJECT:

BUIL DI NG D E P TH PL ACE:

AGUAS CAL I E N TE S , MÃ&#x2030; X I CO. DURATION:

5 DAY S + 1 E X TR A J U RY

COLLECTIVE HOUSING BUILDING DEPTH 12M Aguascalientes

The aim of this workshop was to explore solutions for residential projects by working on different building depths. These varied from 6 to 21 m, and the spectrum of results ended in very different responses; from hollowed walls to multiple patio structures passing through double oriented slabs. After having defined the main unit distribution (12 m depth), I worked on the solution of cores, the ensamble of an urban block (mixed use), and new typologies (for a wider range of users). The project seeks to change paradigms in the way housing is approached in Aguascalientes.

Architecture

16 FEBRUARY

Architecture

17 FEBRUARY

Architecture

TYPOLOGY A Dorm-Studio with Kitchen 40.8 and 44 sqm

Note: This plan shows 4 units

Architecture

TYPOLOGY B 2 Dormitories with Kitchen + 2H Living Room + Season Chamber 102 sqm

Note: This plan shows 2 units

Architecture

TYPOLOGY C 2 Dormitories with Kitchen + Season Chamber 86.7 sqm

Note: This plan shows 2 units

Architecture Aguascalientes, MĂŠxico.

The site.

Architecture

URBAN TISSUE

LEVEL 1 GENERAL LAY OUT

Architecture

3 2

MI X E D US E U RB AN B L OCK

1 . R e side n t a l ( dive r se t y pologie s) . 2 . Com m e r c ia l a n d S e r v ice s ( public ) . 3. Of f ice s 4 . A n n ex Buildin g for R e side n t s 5 . R e side n t ia l Towe r

Architecture SOUTH FACADE VIEW

BIRD EYE VIEW

Architecture

2.2

MAST E R I N CO L L E C T I V E HO USING PATR I C K G MÜ R WO R K S H O P ASSISTED BY

RO SA R I O S E G A DO

AUTHORS:

AL CA L A, DAN I E L SATO , N ATALI A SUBJECT:

COR E & S HE LL PL ACE:

ZÜRI C H, S WI TZ E R L A N D. DURATION:

5 DAY S

THE SWISS TOWER Zürich

During this workshop the task was to design a residential tower paying special attention on its structural/circulation core. The two main reasons for this were the high demanding construction regulations in Zürich and the need for renting space optimization (reducing circulation area and avoiding extra circulation cores). The resulting concept lays on maximizing the amount of apartments that can be reached by one single core (10 apartments) still having access to natural lighting and ventilation.

Architecture

THE SITE

Architecture

SKETCH

S-W FACADE

WEST FACADE

S-E FACADE

Architecture

LEVEL 3 GENERAL LAY OUT

Architecture

2.3

MAST E R I N CO L L E C T I V E HO USING DIET M AR EB E R LE WO R K S H O P ASSISTED BY

G U S TAVO R OJAS

AUTHORS:

AL CA L A, DAN I E L GIL BERT , O S CA R SUBJECT:

DES I G N M E TH O D PL ACE:

M ADRI D, S PA I N . DURATION:

5 DAY S

ARCHITECTURE: A METHOD Madrid

During this intense workshop we developed 3 projects. Each of them had very different approaches, as they had very specific contexts. The way of resolving the proposals was through ProfessorÂ´s Eberle pragmatic methodology; to consider the architectural object as a product that is always seen from 3 different distances; far, medium and close range. Each range is a stage on design process which lasts 1 day. On the first stage we worked on urban response, on the second on the building core and on the third on facade design.

100

Architecture

102

Architecture

104

Architecture

2.4

MAST E R I N CO L L E C T I V E HO USING SPECIALTY:

ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITY AUTHORS:

AL CA L A, DAN I E L M ÉN DE Z, M AU R I CI O PROFESSOR:

JAVIE R G ARC Í A -G E R MÁ N SUBJECT:

BIOC L I M AT I C S TR ATE G I E S PL ACE:

M OS COW, RU S S I A .

UNDERGROUND PLAZA BIOCLIMATIC STRATEGIES Moscow

Unmeasured industrial activity has brought Climate Change. We live in a small world with finite resources and we must stop destroying it. Therefore it is an architect´s endeavor to find solutions on how to make a lower impact on the environment with our buildings and construction processes. The current project aims to work mostly in a passive way, facing extreme temperaures with bioclimatic strategies. We propose a building under a protective envelope which responds to different conditions by taking advantage of clean energy and energy cogeneration.

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Architecture

Geolocation

Sun Path

Dominant winds come from South West, nevertheless their speed is commonly low.

What are the possibilities of generating power through wind? Studies have found that average wind speeds in a particular location need to exceed at least 6â&#x20AC;&#x201C;8 metres per second (m/s) for a small wind turbine to be economically viable. This makes Moscow not elegible to implement such systems.

Cloudy, sunny and precipitation days

Wind Rose

Very few sunny days and limited access to sun light orient the design to a passive/active hybrid model. Minimization of losses is extremely important in winter as well as collecting as much solar gains as possible.

108 Wind Velocity (m/s)

Psychrometrical Chart

According to Moscow´s psychrometric chart, 69% of design strategies are based on the need for heating and humidification by active systems. Extreme temperatures force design not to depend on passive strategies. The project team considers the need of internal heat gain as an opportunity to propose “the building within the building”, an architectural core protected by an exterior envelope, creating an insulated chamber between both of them. Also the implementation of water as heat conduct through the architectural objects. District Heating is considered the best way of acquiring the necessary power to heat the water for the circulating vessels.

The angle of solar incidence in winter is very acute, prohibiting high (solar) gains. Quantity of sunshine hours is very contrasting between winter and summer months, thus sun light acces is very limited on 60° latitude winters. Another important condition is snow. December, January, and February have +50% days of snow (each). The important presence of snowy (winter) and rainy days (summer) throughout the year will influence the form of the exterior envelope. Relative humidity is higher in winter than in summer months.

Architecture

SEQUENCE

1. 30x30x30 Cube. 2. South slice, double base. 3. Conversion to cone. 4. Volume proportion, slice. 5. Addition towards east. 6. Basement 7. Final volume

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30m 30m

30m

27,000 m3

Architecture

M EMRE R S USMU M N IN G IHGTH T ET F E:

OP EN

A T E D ) E( D T FE EF : L O PEN S O L A R R A D I AT I O N : ( D E F L A T E D ) D E A C T I VAT E D S O L A R R A D I AT I O N : D E A C T I VAT E D

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Architecture

W I N T E R

DAY

ETFE:

CLO S E D

( I N F L A T E D ) S O L A R R A D I AT I O N : D E A C T I VAT E D

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Architecture

2.5

MAST E R I N CO L L E C T I V E HO USING JOS EP M ARĂ? A MO N TA N E R & ZAIDA M UX I WO R K S H O P ASSISTED BY

DA N I E L A A R I AS

AUTHORS:

AL CA L A, DAN I E L AM IN, ARM A N ZAW I L , RI HA M SUBJECT:

CO- H O U S I N G PL ACE:

BARC EL ON A , S PA I N . DURATION:

5 DAY S

CO-HOUSING IN BARCELONA Barcelona

Important reforms in housing normativity in Barcelona are currently being carried out. Along with superblocks, which avoid motorized vehicules among delimited urban areas, a co-housing wave is becoming popular in the city. The project done for this workshop has as user a group of professors (fictional) from a neighbour Art School. The main features of the building are a public underground gallery, which conforms a plinth at street level responding in a generous way to the city and a communal spaces pack, facing a picturesque greenery.

116

Architecture

Urban Design/ Landscape

118

Architecture

N-W VIEW

S-E VIEW

G EN ERAL Z ON IN G I n white : R e side n t ia l Pr ogram I n ye llow: G a lle r y /Plin t h I n ora n ge : Ve r t ica l Cir c ula t io n I n blue : Com m un a l S pa ces

KEY

1. Art Gallery 2. Courtyard 3. Communal Ser vices

4. Galler y Access Ramp

5. Urban Plinth 6. Vertical Circulation 7. Residential Units

4 LEVEL -1

5 7 LEVEL 0

LEVEL +1

120

Architecture

NORT-WEST FACADE

SOUTH-WEST FACADE

122

Program zoning was influenced by the terrain natural slope, having common spaces in the level -1, facing a pre-existing greenery.

A public void is the response to the city, a plinth that invites pedestrian to look into the greenery through the building. Under the plinth a public gallery is accesible from street level through a ramp.

Architecture

2.6

MAST E R I N CO L L E C T I V E HO USING SPECIALTY:

CON S T RU C T I O N & TE CH N O L OGY AUTHORS:

AL CA L A, DAN I E L EIZAYAG A, MA R Í A ZAW I L , RI HA M PROFESSOR:

IGNAC I O F E R N Á N D E Z ( A R U P ) ARC HI E CAMP B E LL ( A R U P ) DAVI D RU T T E R ( A R U P ) SUBJECT:

FACA DE , S T R U CTU R E AND S E RV I CE S PL ACE:

AGUAS CAL I E N TE S , MÉ X I CO.

SER STR

SK IN VIC ES

PHOTOVOLTAIC SKIN AND RAMMED EARTH Aguascalientes

The challenge was to relocate an existing building (from France to Mexico) improving its response to new contextual conditions. A key objective of the project was to develop an environmentally friendly (cost-effective) solution which dealt with harsh weather (very hot in summer and cold in winter) using high thermal inertia materials (rammed earth) along with a precast concrete structure and a photovoltaic double skin façade. The latter was proposed in the southern and eastern facades and it integrates shading and solar energy collection through a system of sensorized panels that rotate in daylight hours.

124

Architecture

1. Rue Ri que t , P ari s existin g bui l di n g by Fra nçois- Noë l A rc h i te c te s . 2 . Agua sca lien te s propos al by M C H s t ude n t s .

126

Ph o tovo l t a ic S k in

Ramme d Ear t h

Pr e -cast Co ncr e te

Architecture

128

I MAG E C R E DIT S

WORL D MA P FRE E V E C TO R M AP S . CO M - P G 0 1 AN D 0 2 THE G A RD E N C I TY E B E N E Z E R H OWAR D - PG 0 7 THE D IOC L E T IA N PA L AC E P L A N S A ND S ECTION S, PR OV ID E D B Y A R CHIT E CT HRVOJE NJI RI C - P G 4 1 , 4 2 , 4 5, 4 8

GR O UP PIC T URE Ó S CAR R O D R ÍG U E Z P E R A LE S ACK N OWL EDG EM EN TS DUN KIRK, S OM E I M AG E S h ttp : / / w w w. f racn p d c.fr / - PG 2 7 AN D 2 8 DUN KIRK T H E M OV I E S Y N CO P Y F IL M S - PG 2 8 SEA A N D VA RA N DA H O U SE S - P G 3 1 A N D 32 DUN KIRK, S OM E I M AGE S h ttp : / / w w w. f racn p d c.fr / - PG 33 AN D 34 THE D IOC L E T IA N PA L AC E , S O M E I M AGE S HISTOR IC COR E OF SPLIT - PG 38 THE D IOC L E T IA N PA L AC E TOWE R - P G 4 6 MAK E N I - PG 5 4 MAK E N I - PG 5 5 A NDRE A © I SA I B AR R AN ATA - P G 6 0 FAM IL IA , E S T É T I CA , 0 4 NOC TU R NAS, M E SERO, B OL SO ©ISA I B A R R A NATA - PG 61 AN D 62 TOR RE A Z UL , ASI LO ©ISAI BARRANATA - PG 63 AND 64 MAX , UA A ©ISAI BARRANATA - PG 66 t he- m edi ca l i zatio n-of -a r c h ite c tur e 0 0 5 PHILLIPE R A HM A R CHIT E CT E S - PG 10 8 L OG E ME N T S CO LLE C TI FS F ra n çoi s - N oë l Ar chite cte s . -PG 12 5 RA M ME D E A RT H - P G 1 2 6 MOSCOW ´S C L IM ATE DATA GR A P H I C S - PG 10 7 AN D 10 8

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USI NG: COMPIL ATION BOOK. A, MA DRID 2017.