P o rt fo l i o 2016-2019 Selected Works Nien-Chen Lu
NCKU Bachelor of Architecture NCKU March. II Master Degree
Applicant number: 19124449 Applying for UCL March Bio-Integrated Design
Design Portfolio 2016-2019
呂念臻 Lu, Nien-Chen Email : jn691025@gmail.com Mobile : +886 919 542 492 Nationality : Taiwan
Education
Awards Honorable Mention Design Resilience in Asia 2018, Singapore [ Agri-Penetration / Design Productive City in Four Rings NCKU Team B : Lu Nien-Chen (Team Leade), Lin Yuan-Chang, Pan NianSyuan, Li Hsin-Lun, Chen Yi-Ran, Yi Teng, Chen Wei-Hao ] Aug 2018
Internship
National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan March II Design by Research - GPA
Bio-architecture Formosana
National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Bachelor of Architecture - GPA
JJPan and Partners, Architects and Planners
Sep 2015 - Jan 2016
Sep 2017 - Jan 2019
Jul 2013 - Sep 2013
Sep 2012 - Jul 2017
Skills Adobe Photoshop Adobe Illustration Adobe Indesign Adobe After Effect
Workshop Design Resilience in Asia 2018 Aug 2018, Singapore
MOE Scholarship Program for Oversea Study in Art and Design Workshop Jul 2018
Autocad Sketchup
Super Contextualism and the Micro City Apr 2015
Rhino Grasshopper
AA International Taoyuan Ponds Workshop Sep 2015
3
| Contents |
Selected Works 2016-2019
01
| Master's Design Thesis | Living with Water - Envision Future Living in She-Zi Island, 2019 Taipei, Taiwan
p.07-20
02
| Student Competition| AGRI - Infiltration, Design Resilience in Asia, 2018 Bangkok, Singapore
p.21-26
03
| Workshop | Shading Tainan, MOE Scholarship Program Workshop, 2018 Tainan, Taiwan
p.27-36
04
| Undergraduate Work 01 | Reforming Public Spaces, Landscape Design Studio, 2016 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
p.37-50
05
| Undergraduate Work 02 | MULTI - Market, Design by Research Studio, 2016 International studies & Tainan, Taiwan
p.51-65
5
01 | Master's Design Thesis | Living with Water Envision Future Living in She-Zi Island, 2019 Taipei, Taiwan
Living with Water, Envision Future Living in She-Zi Island [ NCKU March.II Design Thesis, 2019 ]
Site : She-Zi Island, Taipei Advisors : Prof. Maw-Chang Yen, Prof. Wei-Cheng Lo
Taipei
Nowadays, the extreme weather occurs frequently, flooding brings severe impact on the living environment. Besides, urban sprawl worsen the flooding damage and lead to great loss to residents. With PSED inundation simulation analysis provided by the department of hydraulic and ocean engineering studio, the result shows the accurate inundation area, flooding duration and inundation depth in different rain model scenario. That is a solid scientific study for design research. Mapping the 100-year return period inundation map with topography the overlapped areas can be defined into three level of flooding risk area. Expecting the flooding zoning can help people rethink how to living with water and natural environment. The best way to live in a sustainable environment is to respect nature instead of protecting people from disasters. Therefore, this design thesis focus on setting up urban and architectural design regulation in f l o o d i n g a r e a s . M o r e o v e r, a s s e s s i n g the structure of existing buildings and decide to rebuild it or extend it will have different regulation and construction s u g g e s t i o n s . F i n a l l y, I c h o o s e a s i t e i n S H E- Z I I s l a n d a s a d e s i g n exa m p l e for fulfilling the regulations. I want to provide a future imagination of living with water and broaden the perspective and measurement of flooding area.
8
She-Zi Island
2019 Portfolio | Living with Water - Envision Future Living in She-Zi Island, 2019 Design Thesis
01
9
2018.06.28 設計整合研究
Environmental Analysis W i t h t h e g u i d a n c e o f P r o f. W e i C h e n g L o, I sta r te d t h e re s e a rc h by analysis flooding factors. The area with provided grid system is the river basin in Taipei. With the meteorological and hyd ro l o g i ca l d ata b a s e , t h e f l o o d i n g area, water height and lasting time can be precisely predicted.
圖(十二) PSED模擬成果
Flooding Mapping After completing the analysis, I mapped it with the living density map in Taipei. I realized most area in Taipei city do are not appropriate for living, especially the riverside is easily damaged by inundation.
圖(十三) 淹水時間與人口分布
11
Land Use Analysis I investigated the land use and visualize the information into permeability color codes. The urban area are occupied with permanent buildings which can be improved into better use and resiliency.
10
2019 Portfolio | Living with Water - Envision Future Living in She-Zi Island, 2019 Design Thesis
01
PSED Flooding Simulation This simulation helps me to make decision on how to apply flooding treatments on She-Zi Island. The flooding time do not last long in Taiwan, applying flexible treatments on She-Zi Island is plausible.
With holistic regulation restricting the building space in t his a re a ca n effe c t ive ly t u r n f lo o din g i nto a n energetic activity that all residents can enjoy.
11
Design Living Area 彈性規範區 ( 建築物須投保洪水險 ) Regulated Area 強制規範區 Living ( 強制規定地面層為公共使用 ) 禁建區 ( 不得建築，僅供景觀使用 ) Landscape Area 河川 River
Zoning
Landscape Area
Restrictions
12
Restricted land use for greenary. No permition for building construction in this area.
Regulated Living Area Buildings need to correspond to new flooding regulations.
Design Living Area Regulated by existing regulations.
2019 Portfolio | Living with Water - Envision Future Living in She-Zi Island, 2019 Design Thesis
01
ZONE – D
( 0-30cm
)
ZONE – C
( 30-90cm
)
ZONE – B
( 90-150cm )
ZONE – A
( 150-210cm )
River 河川
High Risk
Water Depth
10 cm
30cm
Problems
Paralyzed traffic, hard to transport.
Hard to walk, people with disabilities should seek for refuge.
60cm
90cm
Fire can be sparked by flooded electronic sockets.
90-150cm
150-210cm
210-270cm
Stay at upper floors until the flooding fades.
13
Landscape Area
禁建區
14
2019 Portfolio | Living with Water - Envision Future Living in She-Zi Island, 2019 Design Thesis
01
Regulated Living Area
Design Living Area
Existing Urban Section
Design Urban Section
15
Site
Design Proposal
Existing Situations
16
2019 Portfolio | Living with Water - Envision Future Living in She-Zi Island, 2019 Design Thesis
01
Unit A
Unit B
Unit C
Design Living Units
17
01
04 03
Perspective 01
18
Perspective 03
2019 Portfolio | Living with Water - Envision Future Living in She-Zi Island, 2019 Design Thesis
Perspective 02
02
Design Section
05
Design Section
Perspective 04
Perspective 05
02 | DRIA Student Competition| AGRI - Infilitration, 2018 Bangkok, Thailand
AGRI-Infiltration [ Design Resilience in Asia, 2018 Student Competition ]
Honorable Mention Site : Chao-Phraya River, Bangkok Advisors : Prof. Hsueh Cheng-Luen, Architect Chang Ho-Ling Team Members : Lu Nien-Chen, Lin YuanChang, Pan Nian-Syuan, Li Hsin-Lun, Chen YiRan, Yi Teng, Chen Wei-Hao
Bangkok
The Chao Phraya River is always the most important waterway in Bangkok city. Port commercial and shipping transportation system are important to Bangkok. Besides, the Chao Phraya River is a major approach for water business, cross-river ferries, and water taxis. More than 50,000 people rely on taking ferries to commute every day. The view of waterfront areas at Chao Phraya River includes vertical urban centres, highrise hotels, condominiums, traditional housing, industrial buildings, warehouses, solemn temples, churches and civic buildings. The complexity around riverside s o m e h o w i s n o t a n a p p ro p r i a t e w ay t o enhance the city resiliency. We t e m p t e d t o i m p r o v e t h e c i t y s c a p e by reviving agriculture system, which is neglected now, to improve the resilience in Bangkok. Therefore, we chose three old canals around the mainstream of the Chao Phraya River and investigated the existing environments to get further information for renovating agriculture systems. We also studied crops traits to select suitable crops that keep better tolerance to flooding. After a three-month investigation and discussion on these areas, we elaborated the design into three types of innovated agriculture and intend to remind residents the feeling of getting close to water.
22
2019 Portfolio | AGRI - Infilitration, 2018 DRIA Student Competition
Chao Phraya River
02
Studying the differences between the river bank of Chao Phraya R i ve r, we fo u n d t wo fa c to rs affecting the river activities and d e v e l o p m e n t . T h e d i f fe r e n t width of the old canals and the urbanization degree in each area are the major characters of each canal ring. The characters of land directly differ the land use and building arrangements around a river. The upper river area with the narrow canal and less d e ve l o p m e nt i s d e s i g n e d to be a conservation area, which focuses on preserving natural and environmental resources. The second canal is designed w i t h p ro d u c t i ve a g r i c u l t u re , which depends on producing and processing crops as local income. The third canal nearing Bangkok city will become an agri-tourism area, which aims at providing a new combination of agriculture w i t h e x i s t i n g p ro g r a m s a n d attracts tourists to engage in water activities with local people.
23
Mangrove Nursing Retention Landscape
Local Green Markets Restoration Forest
Roof Garden Farmers Housing
We designed the new arrangement of agriculture and extended it both sides of the riverbank. Floating nursing system replaces the existing dreary waterfront and connects with the conservation areas. Furthermore, it provides a better ecological cycle and increases the lifespan of plantations. The new housing units are made of wood which is sustainable in a long term. In addition, the place is designed for overcoming disasters and enhancing the flexibility of space arrangements. Thes buildings provide several programs for local residents, such as the farmers' market, roof gardens. The market on the ground floor is a space for people to exchange crops, interact with each others while doing farmworks. Public spaces connecting private living units are arranged on the second floor where people are connected through semi-open corridors. The final part is the roof garden which correspond to the greenery at other spaces and offers different ways to plant crops.
24
2019 Portfolio | AGRI - Infilitration, 2018 DRIA Student Competition
02
Package
Experimental agricultureal land Processing
Multi-functional water space Warehouse Landscape design is an approach to create new space for efficient agriculture. The warehouse and agri-industry unveil the process of producing and packaging. The agriindustry based on technology and skills is supported by surrounding farm activities. Besides, seasonal farming activities are included in various programs. The production line not only protects natural resources properly but also reconstructs intimacy between residents and agriculture. There are production lines close to the water, the relationship between farming and water ensures the flood detention function is achieved when the flood season is fully utilized, provided that the water source is fully utilized. Our design adopt two different water treatments: (1) combining some of the original channels to renovated water farm system that effectively filter and purify water and retain water (2) designing the envrionment with landscape diversity which retains water and provides better spaces for residents. 25
Agri-B&B Agri-Shops Elevated Garden
Food Park / Kitchen Garden
Aquaponic Farm
Food Park / Kitchen Garden Bangkok Noi River is a developing area nearby the most prosperous region, Bangkok City Center. We hope to revive old canals by designing agricultural landscape. Therefore, fragmental farmland is our main approach, providing more space for crops, people, activities and also water. These programs encourage people to get closer to nature and water by improving the resiliency of the city. Elevated spaces prevent people from hurt by flooding. Labs include a large greenhouse at first floor, lab rooms for examining crops on the second floor. Other programs include multi-housing combined, agri-shops at first floor for elaborate products, agri-B&B(Bed & Breakfast), hostels with agriculture practice and kitchen garden for healthy food resources provide higher living quality with farming in the city.
26
2019 Portfolio | AGRI - Infilitration, 2018 DRIA Student Competition
03 | Workshop | Shading Tainan, MOE Scholarship Program Workshop, 2018 Tainan, Taiwan
Shading Tainan [ MOE Scholorship Program Workshop, 2018 ] Second Ranking in Final Score Site : Kai Long Temple, Tainan
This Design aims at designing a distinctive Tainan City issue in personal interpretations. By analysing the existing environment and urban texture in Taina, I realized that the extremely hot weather prevents people from exposing to the sun. Pedestrian are used to walk under the shadow. This highlights the importance of covering on the street.
Tainan
I noticed that lanes are narrow and cooler than main streets, besides, lanes lead people to temple plazas, which are the most important place for local people. However, the existing lanes are not of good quality. Shading in lanes are not continuous and most of them are constructed by residents without consideration of safety. Therefore, with the observation of shading in lanes, I try to give a capillary surgery which improves the shading. I hope to improve the shading system by providing an installation into lanes around KaiLong Temple. The most distinctive part of this design proposal is to apply different shadow textures to the installation. After finished the shadow texture observation, I decided to apply rice paper as a material in the installation. Rice paper will be damaged by rain and create changing the texture by weather. Furthermore, the installation is a temporary structure made of wood which is sustainable and flexible. In this one-week design practice, I learned the way the swiftly catch a concept and develop it into a complete design proposal. It is a meaningful experience.
28
2019 Portfolio | Shading Tainan, 2018 MOE Scholarship Workshop
Kai Long Temple
03
Concept Mapping - Capillary Surgery in Tainan City
Tainan is a city with complicated texture and street system, there are lots of lanes leading residents to temple plaza, which have been essential public spaces for activities and leisure all the time. The extreme hot weather and strong sunlight always keep residents from going out at summer, I want to make the
lanes more pedestrian friendly and guide both residents and visitors to the temple plaza. This is a capilary surgery in Tainan city, adding installations into lanes and provide shadow for pedestrians. Most people in Tainan prefer to walk in lanes as shortcut, they need more quality lanes instead of large parks. 29
Site Analysis
Current Situation
Ambiguous Boundaries
1.3m
1.7m
2.5m
4.4m
30
2019 Portfolio | Shading Tainan, 2018 MOE Scholarship Workshop
3.5m
11m
03
Installation Sections
Abandoned Market
Design Programs
Abandoned Market
Shadow Simulation
Noon Strolling After School Vendors Dinning Night Market Vendors Commute Exercise Traditional Market
Midnight
31
Shading Concept Drawings
The white part will decompose after several times of rain, and this shading texture will appear.
Considering the material of this installation, I wanted to figure out a changing material alters by time. Besides, with the observation analysis of different textures of shadow, I decided to apply translucent material in order to create a texture of shadow. These tex tures are hints to materials or conversation between them. Furthermore, the concept drawing is what I intend to compose with rice paper, which will decompose after several times of rain and make it a temporary installation and appear in different time. Later on, I studied how the rice paper performs with multiple layers and structures and recorded the light effect of it.
32
Shadow Textures
2019 Portfolio | Shading Tainan, 2018 MOE Scholarship Workshop
03
Concept Models
Concept Models
Space Perspective
33
Design Section
Historical Park
Pocket Park Stores, Dinning and Bookstores
34
2019 Portfolio | Shading Tainan, 2018 MOE Scholarship Workshop
03
Site Plan
Abandoned Market
Kai-Long Temple
Temple Plaza Cooling Pool
Entrance Inner land with housing
Main Road
35
Night Time Perspective
Day Time Perspective
36
2019 Portfolio | Shading Tainan, 2018 MOE Scholarship Workshop
04 | Undergraduate Work 01 | Reforming Public Spaces, Landscape Design Studio, 2016 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Reforming Public Spaces [ 2016 Landscape Design Studio ] Site : Shing-Fu River, Kaohsiung Advisor : Chang, Ho-Ling
Introduction The design studio is led by Chang, Ho-Ling architect. He intended to teach us to start from a research topic then develop it into design proposal. As the site located at ShingFu River, which is polluted and ignored by Kaohsiung citizens. I decided to study the demographic and development in the city to figure out the key elements for developing Kaohsiung into a better city.
Kaohsiung
According to statistics of annual population and developing building types investigation, there is still constant construction projects building in the city. Therefore, I researched the characters in different regions in Kaohsiung and found out the central city is the most crowded area but fewer residents keep living there. In addition, urban sections show the building types and building heights differ from the upper river to the lower river. The lower river area near the central city is surrounded by high-rise buildings which are old and shabby. There are about 10% of spaces in high-rise building remain unused after completing the building construction. Moreover, I mapped out the unused areas in the city on the street and in high rise buildings. I intended to utilize them into active public spaces in urban texture.
38
2019 Portfolio | Reforming Public Spaces, 2016 Undergraduate Work 01
Shin-Fu River
04
Design Perspective
園區式辦公建築
學校
大樓旅館
廟前廣場
三鳳宮
沿河市場街
集合住宅與公寓
公園
連棟街屋
市場
Urban Sections of Shin-Fu River 39
+4%
+25% +24%
+13% +15%
-9%
-6%
-8%
-7%
+16%
-9%
-11%
Social analysis With the firm data from city census, I found Kaohsiung is developing into a mature city that does not rapidly increase residents than before. It can be speculated that more spaces should be released or unused since there are fewer people coming into this city and the developers never stop building new apartments. I integrated the building projects and demographic data into diagrams, showing the tendency and prediction in Kaohsiung. I defined Kaohsiung as a city that stops growing and will recess by time.
大樓(>10F)
透天社區
近期建案的區域成長幅度，可以看出房地產業者對高雄人口的預測
With an active intend to revive Kaohsiung city and improve space quality around ShinFu River, I listed out the unused spaces around the river and started planning program for these spaces. Finally, I designed the unused space with pop-up activities to bring energy back to the city.
40
2019 Portfolio | Reforming Public Spaces, 2016 Undergraduate Work 01
北高雄 大樓與透天建案都減少
前鎮的新大樓 新興、苓雅 新大樓
零碎開放空間隨大樓興建而增加，卻用不到的空間
04
km
m
貨 百
代
蛋
館
巨
時 夢
場 主 運 世 蛋 巨
計
運
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華
鐵
台
10
2
,50
22
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6,3
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人/
km
/k
0人
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/k
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2
10
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,80
20
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2
5,8
00
46件
15
/k
北高雄(白色區)人口成長，但有飽和的趨勢
7,000戶
人/
km
0人
/k
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m
/k
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2
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oj e 戶 數 cts 統 計
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0人
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路
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6,3
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畫 (高 美 17 館 線 運 旁 動 完 ) 工 工 鐵 ( 營 路 左 預 運 地 營 計 、 10 下化 楠 新 7年 工 梓 左 ) 完 程 營 工 (左 車 營 站 到 完 鳳 工 山 )
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Po pu
劃的確會帶 高密度人口 想像在老舊 容積率的原 些開放空間 高密度的城
la t io n
歷年建案數 角色。
台 灣 29 高 期 鐵計 變 重 為 更農 劃( 畫 商 左 業 十六 營 、 ) 住 (凹 新 宅 子 台 、 底 17 特 ) 線 縣 定 高 市 專 雄 合 用 外 併 區 環 ， 線 陳 計 菊 畫 愛 獲 河 選 港 區 多 整 功 治 能 美 經 化 貿 園 區 特 定 區 計 畫
G ro w 人 th 口 成 長
建築五_呂念臻
n
建
tr uc
2
Co
ns
2015
tio
1 高雄市 總密度
案
+1%
3,000戶
量百分比
新大
大樓興起
37件
樓戶
1,200戶
數
19件
舊城區(黑色區)大樓建案增加，
2015
5,000戶
40件
新透
天戶
137
44件
3,000戶
數
案都減少
200戶
700戶
1,100戶 900戶
22件
推斷該區域開放空間增加
500戶
推論房產業者預計人口將飽和
39件
45戶
北高雄(白色區)建案量趨緩，
2,000戶
100戶
16件300戶
100戶
25件
1,700戶
20戶
青壯年期/
變化圖
左營為中心發展
100戶
快速成長
急驟減少
中老年期/ 重點區域更新 撞牆期/ 不會有太大變動
137
2015
2000年至今新建案分布
/ 新城市虛空間分布
Demographic and city growth analysis 41
青壯年期/ 左營為中心發展
高雄建案類型變化圖
100戶
大樓建案快速成長 社區建案急驟減少 500
大樓建案 百分比 70%
中老年期/
高雄市 建案數量
重點區域更新 386
60%
撞牆期/
50% 200
40%
133
30%
147
不會有太大變動 137
20% 10% 0% 2004
2005
2009
2010
2014
2015
2000年至今新建案分布
/ 新城市虛空間分布
Urban Analysis Mapping Mapping the new high rise building and open spaces the fact that most developers keep open space in in Kaoshung city visualize land use around the river. It private use instead of complying urban regulations. can be concluded that as the urban keeps developing, Therefore, I regard these space which can be seen but the open space decrease in the city. This phenomenon cannot be used as a fake open space in the city. 偽開放空間重分配與再利用 depends on 建築五 呂念臻
1
基地範圍 / 幸福川 /
2
A
物件 / 鐵道 / 車站 / / 地下道 / 高架橋 /
偽開放空間 / 戶外停車場 /
Impractical Open Spaces Mapping 26% 戶外停車場 I defined parking lots, idle lands, empty 幸福川於民生陸橋周圍 houses in 多為大型停車場，也使 apartments and frgment of greeneries as the potential 得民生陸橋切割幸福川 42
B
偽開放空間 / 未使用土地 /
C
偽開放空間 D / 高樓未售空屋 /
偽開放空間 / 零碎綠地 /
space to utilize. With great reuse of theses spaces, the 未使用土地 24% quality of space can be improved effectively. 許多私人土地處於待售或 是未使用狀態，若能妥善 利用這些零碎土地，創造 口袋公園或是都市開放角 落，能在高密度的人口區 域創造更多開放空間的機 會。
上下游空間。而下游區 域由於住宅密集，多為 小型停車場，若能積極 使用能創造更好的開放 空間品質。
2019 Portfolio | Reforming Public Spaces, 2016 Undergraduate Work 01
49%
零碎綠地 幸福川上游較多綠地分 布，然而地下道與鐵路
2%
高樓未售空屋 據高雄市政府統計，大樓 完工後，平均有10%的空
04
B
偽開放空間 / 未使用土地 /
B
偽開放空間 / 未使用土地 /
C
偽開放空間 / 零碎綠地 /
D
C
偽開放空間 / 零碎綠地 /
偽開放空間 D / 高樓未售空屋 /
24%
周圍 也使 福川 周圍 游區 也使 多為 福川 積極 游區 開放 多為 積極 開放
24%
偽開放空間 / 高樓未售空屋 /
Idle lands 未使用土地 Most of the idle lands in the city is waiting for 許多私人土地處於待售或 未使用土地 是未使用狀態，若能妥善 development. However, the developing area is 利用這些零碎土地，創造 許多私人土地處於待售或 not certain in the current situation. Therefore, 口袋公園或是都市開放角 是未使用狀態，若能妥善 落，能在高密度的人口區 opening these lands to provide temporary use 利用這些零碎土地，創造 域創造更多開放空間的機 口袋公園或是都市開放角 before developing them can be more effective 會。 落，能在高密度的人口區 and useful than before. 域創造更多開放空間的機 會。
高樓未售空屋 Empty House in High Rise Apartments 據高雄市政府統計，大樓 高樓未售空屋 完工後，平均有10%的空
2%
地分 鐵路 地品 地分 少使 鐵路 蟲植 地品 綠地 少使 飾， 蟲植 予的 綠地 飾， 予的
2%
屋未使用，若能將這些空 據高雄市政府統計，大樓 According to statistics of Kaohsiung city, 屋容積計入開放空間使用 完工後，平均有10%的空 ，作為咖啡廳、討論區或 about 10% of spaces are not used in high 屋未使用，若能將這些空 是屋頂花園使用。以補償 屋容積計入開放空間使用 rise apartments. That is to say, the remaining 被私化而不能被居民使用 ，作為咖啡廳、討論區或 的土地。 empty houses cannot be sold out. Make use 是屋頂花園使用。以補償 被私化而不能被居民使用 of these spaces, open them to the public 的土地。
1
基地範圍 / 幸福川 /
2
1
基地範圍 / 幸福川 /
2
物件 / 鐵道 / 車站 / / 地下道 / 高架橋 / 物件 / 鐵道 / 車站 / / 地下道 / 高架橋 /
and change them into cafe and garden can 偽開放空間 landscape in an way. B active
A
偽開放空間 improve city / 戶外停車場 /
A
偽開放空間 / 戶外停車場 /
Parking Lot
26% 26%
49% 49%
/ 未使用土地 /
B
偽開放空間 / 未使用土地 /
戶外停車場 Shin-Fu River is surrounded by big parking lots 幸福川於民生陸橋周圍 戶外停車場 since it is near the main road, Ming-Sun Road, 多為大型停車場，也使 得民生陸橋切割幸福川 which loads heavy traffic. On the other hand, 幸福川於民生陸橋周圍 上下游空間。而下游區 多為大型停車場，也使 in the lower part of Shin-Fu River, parking 域由於住宅密集，多為 得民生陸橋切割幸福川 小型停車場，若能積極 lots become smaller than upper area of the 上下游空間。而下游區 使用能創造更好的開放 域由於住宅密集，多為 river because it is filled in the void spaces in 空間品質。 小型停車場，若能積極 the crowded urban area. The proactive use 使用能創造更好的開放 空間品質。 of parking lot can change open space with quality. 零碎綠地 Fragment of Greenery 幸福川上游較多綠地分 零碎綠地 布，然而地下道與鐵路 貫穿綠帶，使得綠地品 The railway departs urban greenery into 幸福川上游較多綠地分 質不佳，都市中很少使 布，然而地下道與鐵路 fragment figure, which is not eco-friendly 用，鳥類與其他昆蟲植 貫穿綠帶，使得綠地品 物也不多，這樣的綠地 in urban. The value of greenery and parks 質不佳，都市中很少使 只是都市的一種裝飾， 用，鳥類與其他昆蟲植 should be providing habitat for animals and 不具備綠地應該給予的 物也不多，這樣的綠地 價值。 insects. However, the existing greenery is 只是都市的一種裝飾， 不具備綠地應該給予的 not equipped with the function when they 價值。 become visual decoration without actual purpose.
43
Street analogy
Collage of Shin-Fu River environments
Main Design Strategy Diagram
三民市場
10F 天公廟 聖保羅堂
基督教會
10F
A / 地平面偽開放空間 Design Stragegy - defining spaces
B / 人行橋-領域感擴張 Design Stragegy - Connection
三民市場
天公廟 聖保羅堂
基督教會
44
2019 Portfolio | Reforming Public Spaces, 2016 Undergraduate Work 01
04
三鳳宮
10F
10F
C / 垂直向的偽開放空間 Design Stragegy - reusing high-rise space 三鳳宮
45
Master Plan and Designed Programs
草根族群 community farm
pocket park
a
a 白領階級 art gallery / cocktail party 分享會 / 發表會
46
2019 Portfolio | Reforming Public Spaces, 2016 Undergraduate Work 01
b
b
wa
water
04
c
年輕族群 Hostel / POPUP store
c
1/500 site plan pocket park
bridge
n
Landscape optional studio 建築系 呂念臻
47
47
water
pocket park
SECTIOn b-b water program 1/200
48
2019 Portfolio | Reforming Public Spaces, 2016 Undergraduate Work 01
私空間
共空間
pocket park
POPUP store
SECTIOn c-c
1/200
年輕族群 Hostel / POPUP store
art gallery / cocktail party
公共地下層
草坡
SECTIOn a-a
1/200
白領階級 art gallery / cocktail party 分享會 / 發表會
05 | Undergraduate Work 02 | MULTI - Market , Design by Research Studio, 2016 International studies & Tainan, Taiwan
51
MULTI - Market, 2016 [ Design by Research project ] Site : Bao-An Market, Tainan Advisor : Cheng, Tsai-Her
Design Introduction By making case studies of various markets around the world, I tried to figure out how management affects the performance and form of markets. Analyzing objective observation and developing them into personal intepretations truely provides firm databases for designing market space. Different culture and management structure do change the form of markets. Besides, the genre of markets and what products do vendors sell in markets are crucial points to analysis markets. Through this design practice, I learned the method of defining prototypes by a different analysis approach. Gathering the information on the case studies, I sythesized and integrated them into separate groups with various management organizations.
London
Amsterdam New York Paris
Istanbul
Seuol
Hong Kong
Taipei
Fukuoka
Bangkok Singapore
Durban
Location of case studies 52
2019 Portfolio | MULTI - Market , 2016 Undergraduate Work 02
Mexico City
都發局 以都市全盤規劃
| Management |
管理方式組織圖
05 集權國家
交付管理
自治組織 英國
南非
日本
法國
荷蘭
韓國
台灣(公營市場)
美國
韓國(私)
自治組織 與政府建立 良好溝通橋梁
新加坡
香港
中國廣州
政府直接劃設 小販認可區
企業管理BOT
Market Organization Diagrams Markets involve prolific profits and are closely related to politics and governments. Here are five types of market organizations, some are well organized and managed by governments will some others might depend on private committees or local factions.
權力制衡| Management |
都發局 土耳其
台灣 (夜市) 墨西哥 考量評估表
泰國
義大利
| Management |
考量評估表 都發局 以都市全盤規劃
攤販的考量評估
黑道介入管理＞公權力
管理方式
攤販的考量評估 攤販考量
自治組織
交付管理
取得攤位 集權國家 管理方式 香港 中國廣州 便利性 網路平台 提出申請 攤販考量 自治組織 交付管理 租金 取得攤位 組織共議 織共議 企業營運 便利性 網路平台 提出申請 公共衛生 政府直接劃設 組織規章 織規章 清潔費 小販認可區 租金 空間/設施 公共衛生
空間/設施 租金/收入比 (獲利比例)
組織共議 織共議
企業營運
統一規劃 完善設備 組織規章 織規章
企業提供 硬體設施 清潔費
統一規劃 完善設備
企業提供 硬體設施
租金/收入比 (獲利比例)
政府的管理評估
都發局
權力制衡
公開競標
關說/依靠勢力
都發局
權力制衡
集權國家 劃定位置
有苦難言 有苦難 難言
一致 致
公開競標
關說/依靠勢力
劃定位置
清潔費 清潔費(政府掃)
無人管理
違者重罰
因地制宜 因地制
有苦難言 有苦難 難言
一致 致
按需求規劃
By analyzing rental prices, sanitary equipment, spaces qualities, essential facilities and approaches to possess a vendor, the developed countries tend to be more organized than developing countries. They h av e e ffe c t i v e re g u l a t i o n s t o manage markets besides the people a re m o re law-a biding . On the other hand, markets in developing countries have to be regulated by local authorities that do not make strong guarantees to the vendors. These are complicated because they involve political, cultural, racial and social backgrounds of the markets.
集權國家
因地制宜 因地制
按需求規劃 攤販自行處理 清潔費 清潔費(政府掃) 無人管理
Market Organization Charts
強制規定 違者重罰
攤販自行處理
強制規定
營利取向
剝削攤販
勉強維生
營利取向
剝削攤販
勉強維生
2
Overall, the analytical studying of markets in different countries helps me to organize the critical elements to manage a market. I took them into consideration for designing an innovative market in Tainan.
管理方式
政府的管理評估 政府考量 管理方式
方便管理
政府考量
自治組織
交付管理
自治組織
交付管理
都發局
都發局
權力制衡
集權國家
長期觀察
黑道>公權力
權力制衡
集權國家
長期觀察 需求導向
反彈/正當性 黑道>公權力 問題
集權 衝突多
需求導向
反彈/正當性 問題
衝突多
方便管理 輿論壓力
輿論壓力
集權
3
3
53
Case Studies of Market Streets Management
美國
| Management |
收入-租金
租金
美國 Manhattan
8%
交付管理 | 嚴格取締 | 時段依街道各異 92%
We investigated market streets in New York City, Hong Kong, Seoul, Taiwan, Mexico City, Fukuoka, Singapore, London, Paris, Amsterdam, Durban, Istambul and Bangkok. The location of vendors and the collective arrangement depends on the form of street buildings and street width. For instance, vendors keep a distance to the street houses because most street houses are designed with the arcade at ground floor in Asia. Whether the vendors can sell things at both sides of the vendor car or not, decided by the width of the street, water and electrical supply. Moreover, the amount of daily visitors also plays a role in the arrangement of market streets. Markets are temporary spaces in a city, therefore, lots people crowd into markets at rush hour. The open spaces in market streets are important for emergency and for traffic. With holistic studies in international market streets, I understand that most markets are not designed, especially those with great energy usually take place spontaneously. Designing a market cannot be underestimated. I even noticed that most vertical markets are not successful. Therefore, I hope to design vertical market design guidance with the knowledge extracted from case studies. I tempted to add in various programs in vertical markets and found several rules of vendor arrangement in vertical markets. Finally, I demonstrated design and applied the guidance into Bao-An market renovation. I learned that only when there are lots of background research behind the proposal would it become brilliant and distinctive.
2 1
畫半圓 零星攤販
紐約以[畫半圓]規定不可擺攤的範圍，攤販僅能在剩餘的零星街道空間營業。 政府也依照不同街道的交通環境狀況指定街道攤販可以營業的時間，由警察嚴格取締違法者並處以 極高的罰金。 政府重視食安問題與街道市容，食品攤位的許可認證嚴格。
1930 猶太攤販
早期攤販多為移民 ，集中於中城區與 下東城，亦即今日 曼哈頓小販許可街 道密集地區。
攤販現況
由於攤販設立地點的 限制，如今紐約街道 攤販多分散於街頭巷 尾，並且只能在街道 許可時間內營業。
倉庫公司
法律規定攤車不得在 外過夜，因此由倉庫 公司統一提供管理攤 車，小販向公司承出 攤車，為交付管理。 4
台灣公營市場 收入-租金
| Management |
租金
台灣公營市場 Taiwan Traditional Markets
17%
自治組織 | 時段依市場各異
83%
日治時期市場分布圖
濟貧事業
日治 西門市場
54
3
1. 曼哈頓攤販營業時間依街道而異 2. 營業地點限制 3. 紅色半圓為建築物周圍禁止設攤區域
台灣公營市場多為日治時期規劃，承襲日治時期理念，視傳統市場為濟貧事業，許多攤販有嗣襲制度 ，直到近二十年才漸漸改變對攤販的觀念與政策。 當時規劃的建築重視攤販衛生管理，以西門市場為例，會將生鮮魚肉類與蔬果類分開，為生鮮魚肉類 攤販規畫良好的排水系統。
日治時期規劃的西 門市場。當時公營 市場多為室內市場 ，將街道攤販統一 於建築室內管理。
現況平面
東寧市場採外店鋪規劃 私有市場 之傳統市場平面配置。 攤販自立
台南兵仔市攤販聚集， 需要向地主承租場地， 自行解決水電問題，主 動向燦坤牽水電繳費。
15
2019 Portfolio | MULTI - Market , 2016 Undergraduate Work 02
05 | Management |
香港 收入-租金
| Management | 租金
韓國 Seuol
香港 Hong Kong
6%
自治組織 | 時段依市場各異
集權國家 | 嚴格取締 | 11:00-22:00 94%
韓國南大門攤販位置圖
香港通菜街攤販位置圖
許可區 就地合法
花園街
政府以優惠措施吸引小販交還牌照。並透過畫出固定店舖及攤販位置的方式，打擊無牌小販。 攤販位置多數為就地合法劃設，香港攤販許可區，有的為沿街形式，也有的為零星的攤販，主要原 因就是就地合法期間直接以攤販位置為合法區。
攤販多販售雜貨或日 用品，周圍店家則經 營餐飲或精品業。
街道環境
許可區劃設攤販格子， 綠鐵皮檔 攤販不得超出格子，違 者重罰。
可移動攤車與塑膠布為 香港常見的攤販形式。
觀光導向 自治管理
攤販主管機關為觀光部門，攤商自主成立自治會，向地方政府申請。 針對攤販的相關法規主要以不影響行人，保持社會秩序為主，一般都默許。
南大門 市場
為私人市場，除了 沿街商店外，規畫 路中央的攤販。
市場內部
市場內部維護乾淨。
行動資訊 中心
導遊服務的新理念， 不再等候遊客，而是 主動協助遊客相關購 物資訊。
11
7
台灣夜市
| Management |
收入-租金
墨西哥 Mexico city Tianguis market
| Management |
租金
台灣夜市 Taiwan Night Markets
27%
權力制衡 | 時段依市場各異
集權國家 | 時段依市場各異
73%
Tianguis 攤販位置圖
攤販眾多
攤販從業人口佔總人口數的一半，各街道市場自主選出代表與政府溝通協商，政府希望獲得選票，便 放寬對攤販的限制。
Tianguis
Tianguis 為攤販市 場統稱，是墨西哥 阿茲提克時期的傳 統文化。
攤販占地
攤販佔據都市閒置空 間，不同區域有不同 遮陽布的色調主題。
縫隙蔓延
攤販蔓延至各個公共 空間縫隙中。
9
饒河夜市攤販位置圖
黑道介入 用地爭議
饒河夜市 攤位格線
台灣夜市多為觀光產業，多為私人經營，政府對於攤販的法律規範並未落實，攤販不需要開發票， 龐大的收益也使黑道覬覦，加上攤商無共識，難以形成自治組織，導致黑道並介入管理夜市，成為 台灣夜市管理協調的角色。夜市用地常有爭議，有些為政府徵收地，有些則佔用住宅用地編的馬路 ，影響居民生活而引發爭議。
夜市多為私人規劃，地 面規劃格線讓攤商以格 子數量承租場地。由場 主負責安排協調攤位場 地問。
燈泡計費
早期夜市用燈泡計算 攤位費用。至今仍有 些夜市將燈泡費用計 入攤位收費，每盞燈 泡約150元的電費。
文教用地武 聖夜市
台灣常有文教用地徵 收地被作為夜市場地 的案例。可見夜市的 不正當性以及官商利 益勾結問題。 16
55
日本 收入-租金
新加坡
| Management | 租金
收入-租金
日本 Fukuoka
1%
| Management | 租金
新加坡 Singapore
25%
自治組織 | 18:00-3:00
交付管理 | 嚴格取締 | 時段依市場各異
75%
99%
地鐵地下街
夜市分布
觀光產業 自治
福岡屋台(熟食攤)為重要觀光產業，是日本最大的屋台村。攤販許可條件嚴苛，從業者須為全職攤販 ，並於政府規定的營業時間工作。 觀光產業導向使得攤販位置多為地鐵出口周圍，交通方便區域，或是河道邊及公園內，具有休閒的 公共空間。
攤販現況
福岡屋台為重要觀 光收入，規定攤販 在固定位置營業。
攤販收納
攤販於營業時間之外 將攤車停在停車場。
街道 水電設備
攤販白天需要撤離攤 車，政府於人行道周 圍設置水電管線，提 供攤販使用。
企業管理
攤販中心
政府推動攤販政策，調查攤販並歸檔，核發許可證書。建立小販中心或戶外空間容納攤商，並鼓勵企 業認養管理。 重視食安衛生，不合規定的攤販會扣分，嚴重則取消證照。以公權力嚴格取定非法小販。
新加坡將所有攤販集 中制攤販中心統一管 理，執法嚴格，所以 沒有非法攤販。
China Town Market
牛車水市場周圍為新加 坡僅存的街道市集。古 建築的沿街商店與攤販 共同圍塑市集空間。
沿街座席
牛車水市集周圍人行 道，統一棚架形式， 以餐飲為主。巷弄間 設置座席，非營業時 間必須撤離。
6
泰國 收入-租金
8
| Management | 租金
| Management |
泰國 Bangkok
4%
土耳其 Istanbul
都發局 | 時段依街道各異
都發局 | 時段依市場各異
96%
街道許可區 就地合法
泰國早期認為攤販為社會亂源，不斷打壓。近年發現攤販為重要的經濟收入，開始提倡微型企業。多 數攤販因為政策改變，就地合法，除了每周一清掃日之外，他們都可以在許可街道內營業。
移民攤販
早期泰國攤販主要 為中國移民經營， 攤販文化是藉由移 民帶至泰國。
56
The Silom Walking street
近期興起的觀光市集 ，於捷運下方舉辦， 主要針對年輕人與遊 客販賣成衣與飾品。
許可告示
泰國於許可街道前設 立告示，註明可以營 業的時段，時段依街 道而異，似紐約。
依需求規劃 觀光/濟貧
攤販須向地方政府提出許可申請，伊斯坦堡都發局視需求再統一規劃場地及攤販形式，規劃完成後讓 攤販申請或競標攤位，其中以低收入或弱勢家庭為優先，多為觀光生意。
Grand Bazzar 大巴札為伊斯坦堡
5
2019 Portfolio | MULTI - Market , 2016 Undergraduate Work 02
最重要的攤販商業 區。以固定攤販為 主，多次大火而將 建築改以石造。
街道攤販
土耳其觀光區內許多 商店延伸商業活動至 街道。
攤販棚架
合法的觀光區攤販， 由政府規劃，具有統 一的棚架與攤位。
14
05 南非
| Management |
收入-租金
英國 London
| Management | 租金
南非 Durban
8%
自治組織 | 時段依市場各異
自治組織 | 時段依市場各異 92%
1
2
1. 倫敦市場分布 2. 倫敦平均收入分布圖
街道自治
英國街道市場由街道自治會管理，政府僅扮演輔導與輔助的角色。 由上二圖可看出倫敦市場分布集中於西南處，可推測是由於此地區居民收入較高的緣故，攤販出現在 有消費能力的地區營業。
Portobello Road
市場附近為高級住 宅區。
街道環境
停車格就是攤販的擺 設位置。
資訊平台
政府設立完善的市場 資訊平台，提供諮詢 與創業輔導。
計畫組織
南非人口多為攤販，政府於市場旁設立一個計劃單位，攤販只要透過政府府到申請即合法。政府積極 規劃市場空間，並深入研究調查攤販需求，規畫空間與活動。
Warwick Junction 攤位設計
由於此地區常有攤 販在桌子底下過夜 的情形，政府將攤 位桌子改為ㄇ字型 ，改善這種現象。
廢棄鐵路
草藥市集主要集中於廢 棄鐵路上，由政府搭建 棚架讓攤販承租。
攤販 托育中心
由於攤販從業人口多為 女性，組織於市場周圍 設立托育中心，提供孩 子安全成長的空間，也 讓母親安心做生意。 10
12
| Management | | Management |
法國 Paris
荷蘭 Amsterdam
交付管理 | 時段依市場各異
交付管理 | 嚴格取締 | 時段依市場各異
交付管理
每一個市場由政府交付的單位管理。攤販須先向政府申請營業執照，執照可填三個攤販欲營業的場所 ，並且有健全的資訊平台輔助攤販找到擺攤的場所與營業時間。
Albert Cuypmarkt
大部分的攤棚、攤 架由三家固定合作 廠商提供、攤販依 需求購買。
攤販現況
從店鋪內延伸出來的 販賣行為。
街道 水電設施
道路電力系統統一提 供，攤販自行攜帶接 電器接電使用。
13
交付管理 BOT
政府將市場交付企業管理，以BOT形式管理。政府主要扮演監督角色。 政府僅制定法規與收稅，統一收取清潔費及控管衛生管理。攤販需向管理公司承租攤位及攤架，而管 理公司提供完善的硬體設施、水電等設備。
Farmers Market
流動型攤販，每日 營業結束後棚架就 會撤除。
攤販現況
市場內攤商販售不需 要水電設備的產品， 市場配置依照商品種 類分區。
固定商店
商品種類需要水電設 備者會在市場周圍的 商店開業。
17
57
面 設 Design 計準則 + + mu l ti -m ar k e t 剖 Section 公 營 市 場 垂 直 化 設 計 指 南 Vertical 垂 直 動Circulation 線管制
Equipment 設備
單一動線
動線管制
設備整合
上下關係完全切割 垂直動線只對樓上使用者開放 愈高樓層公共性愈低
部分動線混用 仍需要獨立動線服務高樓層 二、三樓 program 與市場相關
統一設備 廁所、空調、給排水、電力系統 剖面位置在同一側為佳
Public Space 共 享空 間關係
視覺共享
綠化中庭共享
二樓與市場關係只有視覺流通 空間感營造
共同享有綠化景觀 二樓使用者有決定共享程度的權力
嗅覺共享
屋頂共享
二樓與市場的空氣流通 通常二樓與市場的關聯性較高 ex : 美食街、代客料理、一樓攤販托兒
中庭空間為攤販所有 考量噪音問題
Management 經 營模式 買賣 / 所得 租賃 / 租金 部分盈餘
購買商品 部分盈餘 Program 共生
互利的經營模式
樓上直接向市場購買商品 上下為相關產業鏈 ex : 美食街、代客料理、業餘市場
以部分外來的獲利、 支持一樓市場 市場收取租金或管理費回饋樓上 企業 BOT 經營
Extension 攤 位 增 建of Space
58
儲物空間
攤販生活空間
客人用餐、觀景平台
攤位上方為儲藏空間 存放貨品、包裝、箱子
上方為攤販的小孩活動空間 父母可以就近照顧 或是做為攤販休息睡覺的空間
客人用餐空間 可與建築物二樓直接串連 攤位之間以空橋、貓道串聯
2019 Portfolio | MULTI - Market , 2016 Undergraduate Work 02
05
Studies 參考案例 + + mu l ti -m ar k e t Program 公 營 市 場 垂 直 化 設 計 指 南 Form and Progarm Studies Ba rc e l ó M ar ke t , L i b ra r y a n d S p o r t s H al l , N i e to S o b e j an o A rq u i te c to s , 2 0 1 4 , S pai n Program : 圖書館、屋頂綠化、運動場 垂直動線管制 / 視覺嗅覺共享 、屋頂共享
M arkt h a l Ro t te rd am , M V RD V , 2 0 1 4 T h e Ne t h e rl an d s Program : 住宅 垂直動線管制 / 視覺共享、屋頂共享 / 互利共生 / 攤位垂直向用餐、觀景空間
D o w n tow n M arke t G ran d Rap i d s , H u g h A . B oyd A rc h i te c t s , 2 0 1 3 , M I , US Program : 植栽溫室、宴客、烹飪教學 垂直動線混用 / 視覺嗅覺共享 / 互利共生
Swe d i s h H o u s i n g an d M arke t H al l H y b ri d, JA JA , Swe d e n Program : 住宅 單一動線 / 視覺共享
T h e H am i l to n Farm e r s ’ M ar ke t , RD H A rc h i te c t s + D av i d P re m i A rc h i te c t s , 2 0 1 0 , C an ad a Program : 圖書館、多媒體中心 動線管制 / 視覺共享
Wor l d of Fo o d , H ar ve y O t te n + Te d S c h u l te n , 2 0 1 5 , N e t h e rl a n d s Program : 立體停車場 動線管制 / 視覺共享
M e rc aba rn a F l or M a rke t , W M A , 2 0 0 8 , S pai n Program : 停車場、餐廳、花藝教學 單一動線 / 屋頂共享 / 攤位增建儲藏
59
Space 間 彈Module 性模矩 + + multi -m arket 空 Hostel Space Module 青年 旅 社 1 /2 0 0
台 南 保 安 市 場 為 例
Part-time Market 業餘 市 場 1 / 2Space 0 0 Module
Rental Office 出租 辦 公 室Space 1 / 2Module 0 0
Playground 兒 童 遊 戲 Space 場 1 /Module 2 0 0
圖例 原有水電牆面 9m 柱距 辦公室承租範圍 青年旅社隔間牆 基本尺寸模矩
60
2019 Portfolio | MULTI - Market , 2016 Undergraduate Work 02
05
年旅社 + + multi- m a rke t 青Hostels 台 南 保 安 市 場 為 例
Hostel Perspective 青 年 旅Market 社 想 像 圖
Hostel 青 年 旅Market 社 平 面1F 圖Plan 1/
300
61
年旅社 + + mu l t i-mar k et 青Hostels 台 南 保 安 市 場 為 例
Hostel 青 年 旅Market 社 想 像Perspective 圖
新作牆面 3m 模矩 既有水電牆面 1F 攤販位置
2F Plan 2 FModule 局 部 平 面 圖 1 /2 0 0 Existing 保 安 市 Market 場 現 況
Hostel Market 短 向 剖 面 圖 Section 1 / 3 0 01 0
Hostel Market 長 向 剖 面 圖 Section 1 / 3 0 02 0 62
2019 Portfolio | MULTI - Market , 2016 Undergraduate Work 02
1F Plan 1 FModule 局 部 平 面 圖 1 /2 0 0
05
Playground 童遊戲場 + + mu l t i - mar k et 兒 台 南 保 安 市 場 為 例
Playground 短 向 剖 面 Market 圖 1 / Section 3 0 0 01
兒 童 遊 戲 Market 場 平 面Section 圖 1 / 02 300 Playground
63
Port folio
2016-2019 Selected Works Nien-Chen Lu Applicant number: 19124449 Applying for UCL March Bio-Integrated Design