BACKSTAGE ARCHITECTURE
LUIGI PRESTINENZA PUGLISI CHIEF CURATOR © 2012 Backstage Architecture. All rights reserved. e-book version, last updated 10th of September, 2012 CHIEF CURATOR Luigi Prestinenza Puglisi Senior Curator Bernardina Borra Junior Curators Nicolò Lewanski, Rosella Longavita, Federica Russo English translations and editing: Paul David Blackmore Thanks to: Massimo Russo and Alessandro Ferullo, creators of web site www.backstage-architecture.org Francesco Trovato, Lettera22, Editorial Support Mauro Rallo, IT consultant
BERNARDINA BORRA SENIOR CURATOR NICOLO’ LEWANSKI ROSELLA LONGAVITA FEDERICA RUSSO JUNIOR CURATORS
BACKSTAGE ARCHITECTURE
LUIGI PRESTINENZA PUGLISI CHIEF CURATOR © 2012 Backstage Architecture. All rights reserved. e-book version, last updated 10th of September, 2012 CHIEF CURATOR Luigi Prestinenza Puglisi Senior Curator Bernardina Borra Junior Curators Nicolò Lewanski, Rosella Longavita, Federica Russo English translations and editing: Paul David Blackmore Thanks to: Massimo Russo and Alessandro Ferullo, creators of web site www.backstage-architecture.org Francesco Trovato, Lettera22, Editorial Support Mauro Rallo, IT consultant
BERNARDINA BORRA SENIOR CURATOR NICOLO’ LEWANSKI ROSELLA LONGAVITA FEDERICA RUSSO JUNIOR CURATORS
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2 5
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INDEX
Glamuzina Paterson Architects
www.gp-a.co.nz
150 Czech Republic
OV-A
www.ov-a.cz
20
Australia
KOKKUGIA ROLAND SNOOKS
www.kokkugia.com
154 Sweden
FoAM-NORDICA
www.scene-thinking.com
24
Russia
PlanAR
mukosey@gmail.com, info@plan-ar.ru
160 Norway
Fantastic Norway
www.fantasticnorway.no
30
Indonesia
AKanoma Studio
yusinglim@yahoo.com, sing@bdg.centrin.net.id
164 Austria
soma
www.soma-architecture.com
36
Japan
Hiroshi Nakamura & NAP Architects
press@nakam.info
168 Italy
CAFEArchitettura
www.cafearchitettura.it
42
South Korea
Ko Kiwoong + Lee Jooeun
www.office-kokiwoong.com
172 Germany
Birk und Heilmeyer Architekten
www.birkundheilmeyer.de
46
China
HHD_FUN, Wang Zhenfei + Luming Wang
www.hhdfun.com
178 Denmark
NORD Architects Copenhag en
www.nordarchitects.dk
50
Hong Kong
Alvin Yip
sday@polyu.edu.hk
184 Switzerland
Dreier Frenzel Architecture
www.dreierfrenzel.com
56
Taiwan
CHAOTI CHEN + WORKSHOP LEVITAS
shuchi@gmail.com
188 Nigeria
NLÉ, KUNLÉ ADEYEMI
www.nleworks.com
60
Vietnam
VO TRON GNGHIA ARCHITECTS
www.votrongnghia.com
192 The Netherlands
Anne Holtrop
www.anneholtrop.nl
64
India
SHROFFLEON
k.shroff@shroffleon.com, m.leon@shroffleon.com
196 Belgium
PT ARCHITECTEN
peter@ptarchitecten.be
68
Bangladesh
SHAHNAWAZ BAPPY
bapsg1@yahoo.com
202 Algeria
MAGDA BENDANI
bendanimagda@hotmail.com
72
Iran
Hamed Khosravi, Mahtab Akhavan
www.hamedkhosravi.com
206 France
Nicolas Reymond
www.nicolasreymond.com
78
Jordan
MATTHEW BARTON, EMAD SLEIBY
barton.mb@gmail.com, emadsleiby@gmail.com
210 United Kingdom
THE ASSEMBLE
www.assemblestudio.co.uk
82
Kuwait
AGI Architects
www.agi-architects.com
214 Spain
ARTURO FRANCO
www.arturofranco.es
86
Turkey
PAB Architects
www.pab.com.tr
220 Portugal
embaixada
www.embaixada.net
90
Israel
HQ Architects
www.hqa.co.il
226 Ireland
CLANCY MOORE ARCHITECTS
www.clancymoore.com
94
Lebanon
BERNARD KHOURY / DW5
www.bernardkhoury.com
232 Brazil
SIAA Arquitectos
www.siaa.arq.br
98
Romania
UNULAUNU
www.unulaunu.ro
238 Venezuela
LAB.PRO .FAB.
www.labprofab.com
104 Cyprus
NOA
aggela@notonlyarchitecture.com
242 Bolivia
G/CdR Architects
www.gallardocostadurelsarquitectos.com
108 South Africa
26’10 South Architects
www.2610south.co.za
246 USA
Form-ula
www.form-ula.com
114 Greece
PAAN ARCHITECTS
www.paan.gr
250 Dominican Republic PEREZ MORALES y ASOCIADOS
jepp@perezmorales.com.do
118 Bulgaria
GEORGI ZAYKOV
www.atikaholding.com
254 Cuba
Choy-León Estudio de Arquitectura
choy@cubarte.cult.cu
122 Serbia
Autori
www.autori.rs
258 Colombia
Paisajes Emergentes
luiscallejas@paisajesemergentes.com
128 Finland
AOA
www.aoa.fi
264 Peru
Héctor Loli Rizo Patrón + Ximena Alvarez de la Piedra
www.nomena-arquitectos.com
132 Poland
VROA / CH+ Architekci
www.vroa.pl, www.chplus.pl
268 Chile
BENJAMÍN MURÚA, RODRIGO VALENZUELA
Rodrigo@murua-valenzuela.com
138 Hungary
BORD ARCHITECTURAL STUDIO
www.bordstudio.hu/index.php
274 Nicaragua
Kelton Villavicencio Architects
keltonvillavicencioarquitectos@gmail.com
142 Croatia
MMMM MAJA MILAT, MARIO MATIC
emariomatic@gmail.com
278 Mexico
PRODUCTORA
abel@productora-df.com.mx
146 Slovenia
TASTE
www.taste.si
7
New Zealand
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
14
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
6
INDEX
Glamuzina Paterson Architects
www.gp-a.co.nz
150 Czech Republic
OV-A
www.ov-a.cz
20
Australia
KOKKUGIA ROLAND SNOOKS
www.kokkugia.com
154 Sweden
FoAM-NORDICA
www.scene-thinking.com
24
Russia
PlanAR
mukosey@gmail.com, info@plan-ar.ru
160 Norway
Fantastic Norway
www.fantasticnorway.no
30
Indonesia
AKanoma Studio
yusinglim@yahoo.com, sing@bdg.centrin.net.id
164 Austria
soma
www.soma-architecture.com
36
Japan
Hiroshi Nakamura & NAP Architects
press@nakam.info
168 Italy
CAFEArchitettura
www.cafearchitettura.it
42
South Korea
Ko Kiwoong + Lee Jooeun
www.office-kokiwoong.com
172 Germany
Birk und Heilmeyer Architekten
www.birkundheilmeyer.de
46
China
HHD_FUN, Wang Zhenfei + Luming Wang
www.hhdfun.com
178 Denmark
NORD Architects Copenhag en
www.nordarchitects.dk
50
Hong Kong
Alvin Yip
sday@polyu.edu.hk
184 Switzerland
Dreier Frenzel Architecture
www.dreierfrenzel.com
56
Taiwan
CHAOTI CHEN + WORKSHOP LEVITAS
shuchi@gmail.com
188 Nigeria
NLÉ, KUNLÉ ADEYEMI
www.nleworks.com
60
Vietnam
VO TRON GNGHIA ARCHITECTS
www.votrongnghia.com
192 The Netherlands
Anne Holtrop
www.anneholtrop.nl
64
India
SHROFFLEON
k.shroff@shroffleon.com, m.leon@shroffleon.com
196 Belgium
PT ARCHITECTEN
peter@ptarchitecten.be
68
Bangladesh
SHAHNAWAZ BAPPY
bapsg1@yahoo.com
202 Algeria
MAGDA BENDANI
bendanimagda@hotmail.com
72
Iran
Hamed Khosravi, Mahtab Akhavan
www.hamedkhosravi.com
206 France
Nicolas Reymond
www.nicolasreymond.com
78
Jordan
MATTHEW BARTON, EMAD SLEIBY
barton.mb@gmail.com, emadsleiby@gmail.com
210 United Kingdom
THE ASSEMBLE
www.assemblestudio.co.uk
82
Kuwait
AGI Architects
www.agi-architects.com
214 Spain
ARTURO FRANCO
www.arturofranco.es
86
Turkey
PAB Architects
www.pab.com.tr
220 Portugal
embaixada
www.embaixada.net
90
Israel
HQ Architects
www.hqa.co.il
226 Ireland
CLANCY MOORE ARCHITECTS
www.clancymoore.com
94
Lebanon
BERNARD KHOURY / DW5
www.bernardkhoury.com
232 Brazil
SIAA Arquitectos
www.siaa.arq.br
98
Romania
UNULAUNU
www.unulaunu.ro
238 Venezuela
LAB.PRO .FAB.
www.labprofab.com
104 Cyprus
NOA
aggela@notonlyarchitecture.com
242 Bolivia
G/CdR Architects
www.gallardocostadurelsarquitectos.com
108 South Africa
26’10 South Architects
www.2610south.co.za
246 USA
Form-ula
www.form-ula.com
114 Greece
PAAN ARCHITECTS
www.paan.gr
250 Dominican Republic PEREZ MORALES y ASOCIADOS
jepp@perezmorales.com.do
118 Bulgaria
GEORGI ZAYKOV
www.atikaholding.com
254 Cuba
Choy-León Estudio de Arquitectura
choy@cubarte.cult.cu
122 Serbia
Autori
www.autori.rs
258 Colombia
Paisajes Emergentes
luiscallejas@paisajesemergentes.com
128 Finland
AOA
www.aoa.fi
264 Peru
Héctor Loli Rizo Patrón + Ximena Alvarez de la Piedra
www.nomena-arquitectos.com
132 Poland
VROA / CH+ Architekci
www.vroa.pl, www.chplus.pl
268 Chile
BENJAMÍN MURÚA, RODRIGO VALENZUELA
Rodrigo@murua-valenzuela.com
138 Hungary
BORD ARCHITECTURAL STUDIO
www.bordstudio.hu/index.php
274 Nicaragua
Kelton Villavicencio Architects
keltonvillavicencioarquitectos@gmail.com
142 Croatia
MMMM MAJA MILAT, MARIO MATIC
emariomatic@gmail.com
278 Mexico
PRODUCTORA
abel@productora-df.com.mx
146 Slovenia
TASTE
www.taste.si
7
New Zealand
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
14
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2 9
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2 8
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2 9
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2 8
10
LUIGI PRESTINENZA PUGLISI
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
fewer certainties and increased doubts for order and rigour, though not necessarily frankness or economy. On behalf of the Associazione Italiana di Architettura e Critica I am pleased to present this second edition of Backstage Architecture, which brings together the best architects under the age of 35 working around the globe, enriched this year by a number of new entries, and involving a total of 57 nations. I would like to thank all of the architectural critics who selected the ‘under35’s’, and these latter for providing the requested documentation of their work. The research and this product are the result of the work of a group composed of Bernardina Borra (senior curator), Nicolò Lewanski, Federica Russo, Rosella Longavita (junior curators), with the invaluable assistance offered by Massimo Russo for the web design and programming and Paul David Blackmore for the English translations.
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2 11
As I write these words, the economic crisis afflicting Europe has not yet abated. And there are no signs on the horizon that things are about to improve any time soon, above all in those countries facing the most serious problems: Greece, Spain, Portugal and Italy. This comports a stagnation in the building market and an absence of employment perspectives for young architects, forced to seek work abroad. However, they are no longer searching, as was once the case, in the architecturally saturated countries of France, The Netherlands or Great Britain, but on other continents where economic development, despite that fact that the crisis is global, is impetuous: Brazil, China, India and Australia. In parallel with the redefinition of the geographic scenarios in which architecture is being produced, we are also witness to a redefinition of theoretical research that, with respect to the past, is marked by fewer certainties and increased doubts. The 1990s were a decade of theorisations on design. These were the years of numerous books on architectural theory, and the best designers from this season sought to construct theorems, that is, projects that served to demonstrate their ideas. We need only consider the work of Rem Koolhaas and the protagonists of the first wave of the star system, such as Steven Holl, Daniel Libeskind, Bernard Tschumi and Zaha Hadid. However, there are also works that came later: for example the blobby and digital era that sought to demonstrate how the computer could be used to generate the new geometries of buildings and cities. Today we live in an era that is marked – somewhat
like financial markets – by greater uncertainties and volatility. We are afraid to realise overly iconic works and run the risk of the excesses that are inevitable in the presence of overly precise ideas. We return to the past with more nonchalance – there is no longer an idea that we must propose innovation at all costs – and we return to approaches that, until a few years ago, appeared to have gone out of style. There is also a greater desire for simplicity and an increased awareness of economics and ecology. In particular, it would appear possible to define three trends. The first is neo-organic. This has little to do with the super-organicism of Greg Lynn or Nox, that, to be clear, employed computer-generated manipulations to create buildings characterised by complex fractal geometries and which, in the end, caused buildings to resemble a medusa or a head of cauliflower. The new organics prefer instead the use of softer, less overtly allusive forms, constructed of natural materials such as wood and stone. Their work recalls the origins of this type of research: for example Alvar Aalto or Frank Lloyd Wright. However, they conserve their own freshness and modernity. The second trend is technological. However, it is extraneous to the excesses of high-tech: the virtuosities of Norman Foster or Santiago Calatrava. On the contrary, it appears to move towards the style of the Apple store, where technological innovation is suggested not by pipes and tie rods, but by lightness, transparency, simplicity and versatility. Where instead of a futuristic steel structure there is a preference for glass, with the aerodynamic desk substituted by a table in blonde wood, the computer cables hidden from view or even eliminated. In the end new devices are all wireless. The third trend is neo-modernist. Far from the heroic season of the Modern Movement, marked by a Calvinist work ethic that saw standardisation and the reduction of ornaments as the path towards a better future. Today modernism is viewed, instead, as one style among many others, perhaps the best for expressing a desire
10
LUIGI PRESTINENZA PUGLISI
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
fewer certainties and increased doubts for order and rigour, though not necessarily frankness or economy. On behalf of the Associazione Italiana di Architettura e Critica I am pleased to present this second edition of Backstage Architecture, which brings together the best architects under the age of 35 working around the globe, enriched this year by a number of new entries, and involving a total of 57 nations. I would like to thank all of the architectural critics who selected the ‘under35’s’, and these latter for providing the requested documentation of their work. The research and this product are the result of the work of a group composed of Bernardina Borra (senior curator), Nicolò Lewanski, Federica Russo, Rosella Longavita (junior curators), with the invaluable assistance offered by Massimo Russo for the web design and programming and Paul David Blackmore for the English translations.
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2 11
As I write these words, the economic crisis afflicting Europe has not yet abated. And there are no signs on the horizon that things are about to improve any time soon, above all in those countries facing the most serious problems: Greece, Spain, Portugal and Italy. This comports a stagnation in the building market and an absence of employment perspectives for young architects, forced to seek work abroad. However, they are no longer searching, as was once the case, in the architecturally saturated countries of France, The Netherlands or Great Britain, but on other continents where economic development, despite that fact that the crisis is global, is impetuous: Brazil, China, India and Australia. In parallel with the redefinition of the geographic scenarios in which architecture is being produced, we are also witness to a redefinition of theoretical research that, with respect to the past, is marked by fewer certainties and increased doubts. The 1990s were a decade of theorisations on design. These were the years of numerous books on architectural theory, and the best designers from this season sought to construct theorems, that is, projects that served to demonstrate their ideas. We need only consider the work of Rem Koolhaas and the protagonists of the first wave of the star system, such as Steven Holl, Daniel Libeskind, Bernard Tschumi and Zaha Hadid. However, there are also works that came later: for example the blobby and digital era that sought to demonstrate how the computer could be used to generate the new geometries of buildings and cities. Today we live in an era that is marked – somewhat
like financial markets – by greater uncertainties and volatility. We are afraid to realise overly iconic works and run the risk of the excesses that are inevitable in the presence of overly precise ideas. We return to the past with more nonchalance – there is no longer an idea that we must propose innovation at all costs – and we return to approaches that, until a few years ago, appeared to have gone out of style. There is also a greater desire for simplicity and an increased awareness of economics and ecology. In particular, it would appear possible to define three trends. The first is neo-organic. This has little to do with the super-organicism of Greg Lynn or Nox, that, to be clear, employed computer-generated manipulations to create buildings characterised by complex fractal geometries and which, in the end, caused buildings to resemble a medusa or a head of cauliflower. The new organics prefer instead the use of softer, less overtly allusive forms, constructed of natural materials such as wood and stone. Their work recalls the origins of this type of research: for example Alvar Aalto or Frank Lloyd Wright. However, they conserve their own freshness and modernity. The second trend is technological. However, it is extraneous to the excesses of high-tech: the virtuosities of Norman Foster or Santiago Calatrava. On the contrary, it appears to move towards the style of the Apple store, where technological innovation is suggested not by pipes and tie rods, but by lightness, transparency, simplicity and versatility. Where instead of a futuristic steel structure there is a preference for glass, with the aerodynamic desk substituted by a table in blonde wood, the computer cables hidden from view or even eliminated. In the end new devices are all wireless. The third trend is neo-modernist. Far from the heroic season of the Modern Movement, marked by a Calvinist work ethic that saw standardisation and the reduction of ornaments as the path towards a better future. Today modernism is viewed, instead, as one style among many others, perhaps the best for expressing a desire
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
12
BERNARDINA BORRA THE DIFFERENT WAYS OF BEING HYPE
The profession is thus returning more and more to what Hannes Meyer would have called an “organiser” of the biological aspects of life, meaning Architecture produced and inspired by man for man, as much as it produces man itself; as a co-operation between man and his environment. This is very close to Karl Marx’s concept of the production of man and society: “just as society produces man as man, so is society produced by him” (The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844). The architecture designed by most of the young architects presented in this book is fed by observing the multitude of individuals as much as individuals will be affected by it. The focus on the first phase of this mutual relationship is growing sharper and more contextual, seeking the non-arbitrary effects of architecture on individuals, but directly connected to them. There is still a long way to go before we can confirm whether this is mere intellectual speculation or truly the way young architects of the upcoming generation will leave their mark around the world. It remains to be seen – regardless of any fashionable label, and without incommoding any elevated cultural legacy – whether the hype of the 2010’s will assert itself as more locally rooted and ethically engaged, or as simply a new opportunistic professional survival instinct to adapt to new environments, or maybe both.
13
other place reached by educational exchange and Internet communication, worldwide awareness is stealthily introducing an attentive care for local socio-cultural and economic situations. A comparison with the rest of the world translates into a concern in relation to architectural production and the subjectiveness of its users.. Young architects are beginning to consider design – and process – as part of a more pondered relationship between subject/ object, or, individual/collective-architecture, as part of a shared project for the city and its territory. Unfortunately, this is not always immediately retraceable and applicable due to the resilience of both culture and the market, and obviously because of the time required for its physical construction. Perhaps the course of this transformation will be more evident a few years hence. Being fair to and critical of given conditions is in a way a new kind of conscious/unconscious modest hype that reveals itself with a different professional approach in many of the countries examined in this book. Being hype in Western countries now means tackling the city through processes of mending and restructuring (Poland, Serbia, Spain), through analysis, and through an attempt to make up for the failings of the participatory dream of the 1970s (Belgium). In countries with a growing economy, like those of the roaring Asia, being hype means riding the wave with rather open criticism, knowing that not everything is as spotless and bright as assumed (Indonesia, South Korea). There are also examples of an emergence of concepts of reuse and social engagement (Taiwan). Similar observations could be made for South America, where the collective assumes a different dimension from Asia, yet not exactly the same as in the old West, and where cities are in a different state of affairs (Chile, Colombia, Nicaragua). For the few countries we could recruit from Africa – while extremely different from one another – it could be said that being hype takes the meaning of nurturing existing local culture on its own strength (Nigeria, Algeria, South Africa).
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
Given the system this book relies on, the survey it presents banks on the critic’s choice. As its curators we cannot pretend that it offers a complete picture of what is happening around the world. Its global scope makes it relevant, while to the same degree - due to the scope itself - it must be acknowledged that its underlying system is highly interpretative and possibly even arguable. Perhaps it simply reflects the current condition of the world we live in: impossible to grasp in a single attempt. Admitting and having this in mind, nevertheless the critics’ choices unmistakably fell on those architectural offices that can be assumed to represent the most successful practices in each country, based on local appraisal. Therefore, a few provisional assumptions can be derived from reading between the lines. For instance, it is possible to observe that the world of architecture is simultaneously as close and as distant as it has perhaps ever been. However, before venturing into the definition of several trends that can be identified, it is first important to take note of an overall mind switch shared by the upcoming generation around the globe. Throughout the years the Eurocentric monopoly over debate has become multipolar, fluctuating as much as the past decades’ economic developments. Yet there is a discrepancy between the established conventional way of looking at, making, and discussing the contents of architecture. While there remains an overwhelming pride in seeking all that is fashionable in architecture, a reading of the texts submitted by the invited critics clearly reveals
how the aims being pursued by young architects are changing in each country according to local conditions. Being hype today is a subtle game of satisfying the rhetorical call of aesthetics on the one hand, and a struggle to respect a growing professional ethic on the other: the profession’s new schizophrenia. In general terms it could be said once again that the notion of form for the sake of Form is now “exhausted” (see Bob Somol and Rem Koolhaas). In specific terms it can be noticed that this is not entirely true, and that it could rather be considered as being in a phase of re-development. Seen from within the current generation, there appears to be a set of new parameters that offset purely formal research, with content assuming increasingly more importance, and becoming more objective and relative to specific contingencies. Architects will never relinquish the performative aspects of design, yet they are recovering its critical aspects in relation to its content. As mentioned in the first edition of this book, the aggressiveness and self-reference inherent to the “suspension of judgment” have reached their end. The precariousness and the hangover accompanying the period that spanned from the end of the Second World War until the conclusion of the twentieth century generated a common feeling that is shrouded in most of the projects featured in this book. This is not yet an outspoken condition, but rather one that is sneaking into the profession as a true condition of the everyday for many, and as a warning for others. The professional education and architectural climax that defined the current generation’s development is beginning to feel like a straight jacket for many; several are tweaking the boundaries (Hong Kong, Sweden) or trying to be sober and efficient (Jordan, Vietnam, Nicaragua), while others are finding ad hoc and even unexpected solutions (Brazil, South Africa, Croatia, Norway, Russia, Great Britain). In those countries suffering from a recession, as well as in those of the so-called BRICS, or in any
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
12
BERNARDINA BORRA THE DIFFERENT WAYS OF BEING HYPE
The profession is thus returning more and more to what Hannes Meyer would have called an “organiser” of the biological aspects of life, meaning Architecture produced and inspired by man for man, as much as it produces man itself; as a co-operation between man and his environment. This is very close to Karl Marx’s concept of the production of man and society: “just as society produces man as man, so is society produced by him” (The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844). The architecture designed by most of the young architects presented in this book is fed by observing the multitude of individuals as much as individuals will be affected by it. The focus on the first phase of this mutual relationship is growing sharper and more contextual, seeking the non-arbitrary effects of architecture on individuals, but directly connected to them. There is still a long way to go before we can confirm whether this is mere intellectual speculation or truly the way young architects of the upcoming generation will leave their mark around the world. It remains to be seen – regardless of any fashionable label, and without incommoding any elevated cultural legacy – whether the hype of the 2010’s will assert itself as more locally rooted and ethically engaged, or as simply a new opportunistic professional survival instinct to adapt to new environments, or maybe both.
13
other place reached by educational exchange and Internet communication, worldwide awareness is stealthily introducing an attentive care for local socio-cultural and economic situations. A comparison with the rest of the world translates into a concern in relation to architectural production and the subjectiveness of its users.. Young architects are beginning to consider design – and process – as part of a more pondered relationship between subject/ object, or, individual/collective-architecture, as part of a shared project for the city and its territory. Unfortunately, this is not always immediately retraceable and applicable due to the resilience of both culture and the market, and obviously because of the time required for its physical construction. Perhaps the course of this transformation will be more evident a few years hence. Being fair to and critical of given conditions is in a way a new kind of conscious/unconscious modest hype that reveals itself with a different professional approach in many of the countries examined in this book. Being hype in Western countries now means tackling the city through processes of mending and restructuring (Poland, Serbia, Spain), through analysis, and through an attempt to make up for the failings of the participatory dream of the 1970s (Belgium). In countries with a growing economy, like those of the roaring Asia, being hype means riding the wave with rather open criticism, knowing that not everything is as spotless and bright as assumed (Indonesia, South Korea). There are also examples of an emergence of concepts of reuse and social engagement (Taiwan). Similar observations could be made for South America, where the collective assumes a different dimension from Asia, yet not exactly the same as in the old West, and where cities are in a different state of affairs (Chile, Colombia, Nicaragua). For the few countries we could recruit from Africa – while extremely different from one another – it could be said that being hype takes the meaning of nurturing existing local culture on its own strength (Nigeria, Algeria, South Africa).
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
Given the system this book relies on, the survey it presents banks on the critic’s choice. As its curators we cannot pretend that it offers a complete picture of what is happening around the world. Its global scope makes it relevant, while to the same degree - due to the scope itself - it must be acknowledged that its underlying system is highly interpretative and possibly even arguable. Perhaps it simply reflects the current condition of the world we live in: impossible to grasp in a single attempt. Admitting and having this in mind, nevertheless the critics’ choices unmistakably fell on those architectural offices that can be assumed to represent the most successful practices in each country, based on local appraisal. Therefore, a few provisional assumptions can be derived from reading between the lines. For instance, it is possible to observe that the world of architecture is simultaneously as close and as distant as it has perhaps ever been. However, before venturing into the definition of several trends that can be identified, it is first important to take note of an overall mind switch shared by the upcoming generation around the globe. Throughout the years the Eurocentric monopoly over debate has become multipolar, fluctuating as much as the past decades’ economic developments. Yet there is a discrepancy between the established conventional way of looking at, making, and discussing the contents of architecture. While there remains an overwhelming pride in seeking all that is fashionable in architecture, a reading of the texts submitted by the invited critics clearly reveals
how the aims being pursued by young architects are changing in each country according to local conditions. Being hype today is a subtle game of satisfying the rhetorical call of aesthetics on the one hand, and a struggle to respect a growing professional ethic on the other: the profession’s new schizophrenia. In general terms it could be said once again that the notion of form for the sake of Form is now “exhausted” (see Bob Somol and Rem Koolhaas). In specific terms it can be noticed that this is not entirely true, and that it could rather be considered as being in a phase of re-development. Seen from within the current generation, there appears to be a set of new parameters that offset purely formal research, with content assuming increasingly more importance, and becoming more objective and relative to specific contingencies. Architects will never relinquish the performative aspects of design, yet they are recovering its critical aspects in relation to its content. As mentioned in the first edition of this book, the aggressiveness and self-reference inherent to the “suspension of judgment” have reached their end. The precariousness and the hangover accompanying the period that spanned from the end of the Second World War until the conclusion of the twentieth century generated a common feeling that is shrouded in most of the projects featured in this book. This is not yet an outspoken condition, but rather one that is sneaking into the profession as a true condition of the everyday for many, and as a warning for others. The professional education and architectural climax that defined the current generation’s development is beginning to feel like a straight jacket for many; several are tweaking the boundaries (Hong Kong, Sweden) or trying to be sober and efficient (Jordan, Vietnam, Nicaragua), while others are finding ad hoc and even unexpected solutions (Brazil, South Africa, Croatia, Norway, Russia, Great Britain). In those countries suffering from a recession, as well as in those of the so-called BRICS, or in any
108 B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
South Africa
26’10 South Architects
26’10 transcends this condition, and goes beyond the discomfort in their quest to portray and ultimately alter the urban landscape, comprehensible to the many. Their rigorous and pragmatic ways (not to say methodology) of reading and mapping the South African context become the basis for an approach where place, presence and people are the primary generators of space and form. Stubbornly, they go beyond the visible and refuse to play safe; they rather follow the desire to make something extraordinary out of the common. Their continued work translates this position, no matter what scale, media or programme. From their extensive and varied portfolio, we would like to span their ‘Informal City’ project to the ‘Cooking School’ under the aspect of ‘urban compounding’, which we consider a South African spatial characteristic that describes many layers of the extremely different contexts we live and work in. 26’10 succeeds to implement lessons learnt during their work in Diepsloot, an in/formal settlement, into the design of their own office/ home headquarter. With greatest respect for the work of 26’10, we hope that more voices like theirs can make themselves heard in the future and thus make South Africa a better place to be and live.
DATE OF COMPLETION :
2012.06 Brixton, Johannesburg CONSTRUCTED AREA:
321 M2
26° 11’ 33.05”S 27° 59’ 55.85”E
text by BLACKLINES
109
Nearly two decades after the first free elections in South Africa, the legacy of apartheid permeates and weaves its way through the everyday of the city, competing with short-sighted postapartheid efforts, global economic challenges and residents’ DIY. This potent compound is - at times - becoming an insurmountable obstacle which drives many city makers almost to the point of throwing their hands in the air in frustration and resorting to either producing nice and glossy renderings that ultimately sell, or the design of a perfect shelving system for uncounted A4 folders with the documentation of endless process driven projects with little visible outcome.
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
informal city/ cooking school
LOCATION :
108 B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
South Africa
26’10 South Architects
26’10 transcends this condition, and goes beyond the discomfort in their quest to portray and ultimately alter the urban landscape, comprehensible to the many. Their rigorous and pragmatic ways (not to say methodology) of reading and mapping the South African context become the basis for an approach where place, presence and people are the primary generators of space and form. Stubbornly, they go beyond the visible and refuse to play safe; they rather follow the desire to make something extraordinary out of the common. Their continued work translates this position, no matter what scale, media or programme. From their extensive and varied portfolio, we would like to span their ‘Informal City’ project to the ‘Cooking School’ under the aspect of ‘urban compounding’, which we consider a South African spatial characteristic that describes many layers of the extremely different contexts we live and work in. 26’10 succeeds to implement lessons learnt during their work in Diepsloot, an in/formal settlement, into the design of their own office/ home headquarter. With greatest respect for the work of 26’10, we hope that more voices like theirs can make themselves heard in the future and thus make South Africa a better place to be and live.
DATE OF COMPLETION :
2012.06 Brixton, Johannesburg CONSTRUCTED AREA:
321 M2
26° 11’ 33.05”S 27° 59’ 55.85”E
text by BLACKLINES
109
Nearly two decades after the first free elections in South Africa, the legacy of apartheid permeates and weaves its way through the everyday of the city, competing with short-sighted postapartheid efforts, global economic challenges and residents’ DIY. This potent compound is - at times - becoming an insurmountable obstacle which drives many city makers almost to the point of throwing their hands in the air in frustration and resorting to either producing nice and glossy renderings that ultimately sell, or the design of a perfect shelving system for uncounted A4 folders with the documentation of endless process driven projects with little visible outcome.
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
informal city/ cooking school
LOCATION :
Research Project
Boardroom Patio library
lounge
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
110
INFORMAL SETTLEMENT RECEPTION AREA, DIEPSLOOT Tenure type relocation stand size 80M2 average unit size (self built) 8-36M2 initial residential density stands/ha 125 initial gross residential density stands/ha 76 Initial gross habitable rooms/ha 76 Potential gross habitable rooms/ha 342
1ha densification informal settlement
A continuous process of physical change
the Brixton Studio-Home affords a distinctly Johannesburg living experience
STAIRS
Roof terrace c ourtyard B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2 111
Research Project
Boardroom Patio library
lounge
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
110
INFORMAL SETTLEMENT RECEPTION AREA, DIEPSLOOT Tenure type relocation stand size 80M2 average unit size (self built) 8-36M2 initial residential density stands/ha 125 initial gross residential density stands/ha 76 Initial gross habitable rooms/ha 76 Potential gross habitable rooms/ha 342
1ha densification informal settlement
A continuous process of physical change
the Brixton Studio-Home affords a distinctly Johannesburg living experience
STAIRS
Roof terrace c ourtyard B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2 111
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2 113
In dialogue with the surroundings B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2 112
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2 113
In dialogue with the surroundings B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2 112
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
284
ARCHITECTURAL CRITICS
Hong Kong
Jordan
Annette Pui Man Chu
Sandra Hiari
Russia New Zeland
Cyprus
India
Israel
Gaurav Roychoudhury
GILAD-Shiff
Chryso Onisiforou
AnASTASIA ALBOKRINOVA
Rebecca Roke
South Korea
Architect Founder of Eureka Design www.eurekadesign.hk
Architectural critic and urban planner, Tareeq www.tareeq.me
Baeryo Kyung
Taiwan
Editor |Architect at Foster Partners BArch (Hons) March rebecca.roke@gmail.com
Architects | Founders Gilad-shiff Private and public projects | Teaching and academic research
Ricardo Camacho www.gilad-shiff.com
Chang Fang Luo
Designer and curator at MONOstudio www.mono-studio.org fochka@gmail.com
South Africa Bangladesh
Lebanon
MD. RAFIQ AZAM
Indonesia DAliana SurYAwInata
Architect | Founder DESIGNETHER gauravroychoudhury@gmail.com
Kuwait
Architect and Environmental Designer, Msc www.conisiforou.wordpress.com
Blacklines
Jad Semaan
baeryo@hotmail.com
Australia Founder MultitudeAgency | CasaGranturismo Research Institute www.multitudeagency.com
MArtyn Hook
China FU MING CHENG
Professor of Architecture at RMIT University Melbourne | Director of Iredale Pedersen Hook architects www.iredalepedersenhook.com
Vietnam Kelly Shannon
Japan Salvator Liotta Tomoko Kawai
Principle Architect SHATOTTO Architecture for Green Living www.shatotto.com
Turkey Sevin Yildiz
Architect and urban planner at OMA semaan.jad@gmail.com
blogspot.com
Greece
Iran Houmayoun Askari Sirizi
Urban design architecture, blacklinesonwhitepaper w w w. b l a c k l i n e s w o r k s .
Romania
Katita Chrysanthopoulou
Sabin Bors
Registered Architect and Urban Designer. M.Arch fumingcheng@gmail.com
Professor at AHO (Oslo School of Architecture & Design) www.jola-lab.eu
Architect | Media artist, BA www.homayounsirizi.com
Architect and urban planner katita30@gmail.com Anti-Utopias curator | Art and architecture critic www.anti-utopias.com
285
Salvator Liotta, Architect | Senior researcher at the University of Tokyo, PhD Tomoko Kawai, Artist sja.liotta@gmail.com tomoko.kawai@gmail.com
Architect | Lecturer at COAD NJIT/PhD Candidate at Urban Systems (Rutgers University & NJIT Joint Program) www.sevinyildiz.blogspot.com
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
Architect | Founder SHAU | Chief Officer IAI-EU | Researcher at TU Delft www.shau.nl
M.arch. | Co-founder Architecture In Development | Space curator Nest Project w w w. a rc h i te c t u re i n d eve lopment.org www.nestproject.nl
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
284
ARCHITECTURAL CRITICS
Hong Kong
Jordan
Annette Pui Man Chu
Sandra Hiari
Russia New Zeland
Cyprus
India
Israel
Gaurav Roychoudhury
GILAD-Shiff
Chryso Onisiforou
AnASTASIA ALBOKRINOVA
Rebecca Roke
South Korea
Architect Founder of Eureka Design www.eurekadesign.hk
Architectural critic and urban planner, Tareeq www.tareeq.me
Baeryo Kyung
Taiwan
Editor |Architect at Foster Partners BArch (Hons) March rebecca.roke@gmail.com
Architects | Founders Gilad-shiff Private and public projects | Teaching and academic research
Ricardo Camacho www.gilad-shiff.com
Chang Fang Luo
Designer and curator at MONOstudio www.mono-studio.org fochka@gmail.com
South Africa Bangladesh
Lebanon
MD. RAFIQ AZAM
Indonesia DAliana SurYAwInata
Architect | Founder DESIGNETHER gauravroychoudhury@gmail.com
Kuwait
Architect and Environmental Designer, Msc www.conisiforou.wordpress.com
Blacklines
Jad Semaan
baeryo@hotmail.com
Australia Founder MultitudeAgency | CasaGranturismo Research Institute www.multitudeagency.com
MArtyn Hook
China FU MING CHENG
Professor of Architecture at RMIT University Melbourne | Director of Iredale Pedersen Hook architects www.iredalepedersenhook.com
Vietnam Kelly Shannon
Japan Salvator Liotta Tomoko Kawai
Principle Architect SHATOTTO Architecture for Green Living www.shatotto.com
Turkey Sevin Yildiz
Architect and urban planner at OMA semaan.jad@gmail.com
blogspot.com
Greece
Iran Houmayoun Askari Sirizi
Urban design architecture, blacklinesonwhitepaper w w w. b l a c k l i n e s w o r k s .
Romania
Katita Chrysanthopoulou
Sabin Bors
Registered Architect and Urban Designer. M.Arch fumingcheng@gmail.com
Professor at AHO (Oslo School of Architecture & Design) www.jola-lab.eu
Architect | Media artist, BA www.homayounsirizi.com
Architect and urban planner katita30@gmail.com Anti-Utopias curator | Art and architecture critic www.anti-utopias.com
285
Salvator Liotta, Architect | Senior researcher at the University of Tokyo, PhD Tomoko Kawai, Artist sja.liotta@gmail.com tomoko.kawai@gmail.com
Architect | Lecturer at COAD NJIT/PhD Candidate at Urban Systems (Rutgers University & NJIT Joint Program) www.sevinyildiz.blogspot.com
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
Architect | Founder SHAU | Chief Officer IAI-EU | Researcher at TU Delft www.shau.nl
M.arch. | Co-founder Architecture In Development | Space curator Nest Project w w w. a rc h i te c t u re i n d eve lopment.org www.nestproject.nl
286
Bulgaria Stella Andonova
Norway
Nigeria
TYIN Tegnestue Arkitekter AS
Rachel StellA Jenkins
Slovenia B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
Poland
Germany
Algeria
Graziella Trovato
Samia Henni
Monica Zerboni
Ernest MilCinoviC
Spain
Sebastian Januz
Engineer | Furniture and interior designer www.andonovadesign.com
Serbia
Architects at TYIN tegnestue Arkitekter AS post@tyintegnestue.no
Architect and urban planner OMA www.sebastianjanusz.com
Vesna Vucinic
Architect deernest.milcinovic@gmail. com
Czech Republic Hungary
African Architecture Matters & genuinefake rachel.s.jenkins@gmail.com Journalist m.zerboni@mclink.it
Giampiero Sanguigni
Austria Anne Isopp
The Netherlands
Architect and researcher | Co-founder SMART Planning | International Open Network for the Global South www.samiahenni.com
PhD Architect and Urban Planner at Moya Trovato Arquitectos http://moyatrovatoarquitectos. blogspot.com.es
Portugal
Denmark
France
KristjĂĄn Eggertsson
Ricardo Camacho
LA Architectures
Alexandr Skalicky
Sandor Finta
Architect at Arhikulture and 360BEOGRAD www.arhikulture.net www.360beograd.org
Finland Pirjo Sanaksenaho
Croatia
Sweden
Architect | Founding partner of KRADS www.krads.info
Bernardina Borra
Co-founders LA Architectures www.la-architectures.com
Ireland
Italy
Switzerland
Diego Barbarelli
Cornelia Tapparelli Portilla Kawamura
Susanna Malzacher
Belgium
MultitudeAgency | Casa Granturismo Research Institute www.multitudeagency.com
Sarah Cremin
United Kingdom Tobias Goevert
Krunoslav Ivanisin Architect and urban designer co-founder DEMOarchitects | Delft PhD candidate www.demoarchitects.com
Architect at Sanaksenaho Architects | Lecturer at AaltoUniversity www.kolumbus.fi/sanaksenaho
Engineer diego.barbarelli@libero.it
Architect and researcher EPF Lausanne | M arch | MAS arch theory | EPFL PhD candidate cornelia.tapparelli@epfl.ch
Architect and Urbanist at Design for London | GLA Tobias.Goevert@designforlondon. gov.uk
287
Architect at IVANIĹ IN. KABASHI.ARHITEKTI www.ivanisin-kabashi.hr
Architect and graphic designer susanna191@gmail.com
Director at CAST architecture| Design teacher at University College Dublin www.castarchitecture.ie
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
Chief architect of Budapest | Architect at sporaarchitects | Head of Hungarian Contemporary Architecture Centre www.sporaarchitects.hu www.kek.org.hu
Architect at ASMM www.a-skalicky.cz
Professor of Architecture at RMIT University Melbourne | Director of Iredale Pedersen Hook architects a.isopp@morgenbau.net
Architect co-founder DEMOarchitects | architecture critic and writer | PhD sanguingi@demoarchitects.com
286
Bulgaria Stella Andonova
Norway
Nigeria
TYIN Tegnestue Arkitekter AS
Rachel StellA Jenkins
Slovenia B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
Poland
Germany
Algeria
Graziella Trovato
Samia Henni
Monica Zerboni
Ernest MilCinoviC
Spain
Sebastian Januz
Engineer | Furniture and interior designer www.andonovadesign.com
Serbia
Architects at TYIN tegnestue Arkitekter AS post@tyintegnestue.no
Architect and urban planner OMA www.sebastianjanusz.com
Vesna Vucinic
Architect deernest.milcinovic@gmail. com
Czech Republic Hungary
African Architecture Matters & genuinefake rachel.s.jenkins@gmail.com Journalist m.zerboni@mclink.it
Giampiero Sanguigni
Austria Anne Isopp
The Netherlands
Architect and researcher | Co-founder SMART Planning | International Open Network for the Global South www.samiahenni.com
PhD Architect and Urban Planner at Moya Trovato Arquitectos http://moyatrovatoarquitectos. blogspot.com.es
Portugal
Denmark
France
KristjĂĄn Eggertsson
Ricardo Camacho
LA Architectures
Alexandr Skalicky
Sandor Finta
Architect at Arhikulture and 360BEOGRAD www.arhikulture.net www.360beograd.org
Finland Pirjo Sanaksenaho
Croatia
Sweden
Architect | Founding partner of KRADS www.krads.info
Bernardina Borra
Co-founders LA Architectures www.la-architectures.com
Ireland
Italy
Switzerland
Diego Barbarelli
Cornelia Tapparelli Portilla Kawamura
Susanna Malzacher
Belgium
MultitudeAgency | Casa Granturismo Research Institute www.multitudeagency.com
Sarah Cremin
United Kingdom Tobias Goevert
Krunoslav Ivanisin Architect and urban designer co-founder DEMOarchitects | Delft PhD candidate www.demoarchitects.com
Architect at Sanaksenaho Architects | Lecturer at AaltoUniversity www.kolumbus.fi/sanaksenaho
Engineer diego.barbarelli@libero.it
Architect and researcher EPF Lausanne | M arch | MAS arch theory | EPFL PhD candidate cornelia.tapparelli@epfl.ch
Architect and Urbanist at Design for London | GLA Tobias.Goevert@designforlondon. gov.uk
287
Architect at IVANIĹ IN. KABASHI.ARHITEKTI www.ivanisin-kabashi.hr
Architect and graphic designer susanna191@gmail.com
Director at CAST architecture| Design teacher at University College Dublin www.castarchitecture.ie
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
Chief architect of Budapest | Architect at sporaarchitects | Head of Hungarian Contemporary Architecture Centre www.sporaarchitects.hu www.kek.org.hu
Architect at ASMM www.a-skalicky.cz
Professor of Architecture at RMIT University Melbourne | Director of Iredale Pedersen Hook architects a.isopp@morgenbau.net
Architect co-founder DEMOarchitects | architecture critic and writer | PhD sanguingi@demoarchitects.com
288
USA Brazil
Nicaragua
Stefano Ceccotto
Flavio Coddou
Jeronimo Mejia
Colombia
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
Luca Bullaro
Architect sc2523@caa.columbia.edu Architect at Fira Barcelona | Vitruvius editor www.vitruvius.es
Dominican Republic Adolfo Despradel
Architect | Urban Planner | Researcher jeronimomh@gmail.com Architect | Phd | Teaching at Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin lucabullaro@hotmail.com
Venezuela
Peru
Fundacion Espacio
Jean Pierre Crousse
Architect www.adolfodes.wordpress.com A common platform design in Venezuela www.espacio.net.ve
Cuba Eduardo Luis Rodríguez
www.barclaycrousse.com
Stephanie Lama
Chile Fulvio Rossetti
Architect and urban planner at Architectuurstudio HH www.spaceinmotion.org
Freelance architect | Architectural historian and curator | Editor in chief of the journal Arquitectura Cuba www.ivanisin-kabashi.hr
Edgar Gonzalez
Architect | Editor in chief of edgargonzalez.com a tangential weblog of architecture www.edgargonzalez.com
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2
Bolivia
co-founder and co-director of Barclay & Crousse | professor at Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú | Co-founder and co-director of Atelier Nord Sud, Paris, France
Mexico
Architect and Landscape Architect | PhD candidate 289
www.d-arq.cl
B ac k s tag e A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 0 1 2 290