CPU[AI] STUDIO 3 PORTFOLIO
URBAN FOREST NORTHERN GATEWAY DEVELOPMENT
GROUP MEMBER JIAO XIE JUNJIE SU SIYU XIE MENGHAN CHEN
N-3.4
THESIS STATEMENT ………………………… 5 1 BACKGROUND ………………………… 7 1.1 INTRODUCTION ………………………… 9 11 1.2 NORTHERN GATEWAY PROJECT ……………………… 1.3 OUR PROJECT PARTNERSHIP ………………………… 13 1.4 PROJECT CHALLENGES ………………………… 15 1.5 THE LOCATION OF THE SITE ………………………… 19 1.6 WHY WE SELECT THIS CHALLENGE …………………… 21 1.7 HOW WE SET UP THE TOOL (RECAP) …………………… 27 2 TOOL INTRODUCTION …………………… 29 2.1 OUR TOOL TARGET USER ………………………… 31 2.2 SPHERE OF APPLICATION OF THE TOOL ………………… 33 2.3 OUR TOOL'S FUNCTIONS ………………………… 35 2.4 STEPS TO USE THE TOOL ………………………… 37 2.5 THEORIES BEHIND THE TOOL ………………………… 39 3 HOW THE TOOL WORK …………………… 41 3.1 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 1 ………………………… 43 3.2 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 2 ………………………… 47 3.3 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 3 ………………………… 53 3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 ………………………… 61 3.5 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 5 ………………………… 83 3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 ………………………… 87 3.7 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 7 ………………………… 111 3.8 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 8 ………………………… 127 4 INTERFACE OF THE TOOL ………………… 129
CONT
TENT ………………………… ………………………… …………………… …………………… ………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… ………………………… 5 ANALYSING THE RESULTS ………………… 5.1 SELECTING PROCESS ………………………… 5.2 SCENARIO 1 TESTING ………………………… 5.3 SCENARIO 2 TESTING ………………………… 5.4 SCENARIO 3 TESTING ………………………… 5.5 SCENARIO 4 TESTING ………………………… 5.6 OPTIMISED OUTCOMES COMPARE …………………… 6 COMMUNICATING OPTIMISED PROPOSAL 6.1 OPTIMISED PROPOSAL- MASTER PLAN ………………… 6.2 OPTIMISED PROPOSAL- MASTER PLAN ANALYSIS ………… 6.3 OPTIMISED PROPOSAL- VISUALISATION ………………… ………………………… CONCLUSION PERSONAL STATEMENT ………………… BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………… 4.1 LOGIN 4.2 STEP 01- INPUT SITE 4.2 STEP 02- SCENARIO SELECTION 4.3 STEP 03- CIRCLES GENERATION 4.4 STEP 04- ROAD NETWORK GENERATION 4.5 STEP 05- LAND-USE ALLOCATION 4.6 STEP 06- BUILDING GENERATION 4.7 STEP 07- SCORING YOUR CITY 4.8 STEP 08- COMPARE YOUR CITIES 4.9 INTERFACE VIDEO
133 135 137 139 141 145 147 149 153 155
157 159 161 169 177 185 193
199 201 203 205
225 227 229 3
THESIS ST
Working with Manchester City Council and Far E image the essential neighbourhoods of Nothern Ga being and b
Urban sprawl and neglect of urban green space further affect the quality of neighbourhoods. For thi tool to design a new connected urban open space will allow citizens to have more access to green am neighbo
TATEMENT
East Construction, this project explores how to reateway (Manchester, UK) to improve human wellbiodiversity.
e have caused landscape fragmentation, which is situation, we develop a generative computational e network with a large proportion of green space. It menities as well as enjoy a livable and sustainable ourhood.
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0.3B
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1 BACKG
BRIEF INTRODUCT
GROUND
TION OF THE BACKGROUND OF THE TOOL
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1.1 INTRODUCTION LOCAL P-34.34-3
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OUR STARTING POINT By Redistributing urban land use, especially public green space, we want to design a urban planning to solve or alleviate urban space problems to improve biodiversity and well-being.
WALK DISTANCE FRAGMENTATION
URBAN SPRAWL & SHRINKAGE IN GREEN SPACES
WHAT ARE W
The problem of complex, so it is d judge whether an can solve a speci
Therefore, we are de tool that can hel different urban des and flexibly by co spatial parameters. evaluate the gener different aspects, quickly understand meets the requireme
WE DOING?
urban space is difficult to directly urban design plan ific problem well.
esigning a generative p users generate sign models quickly ontrolling different . Then the tool will rated models from and the user can d whether the result ents.
HOW ARE WE DOING IT? We use agent-based model and circle packing to meet land use allocation under different needs. Then we use a scoring system to evaluate the generated results from different aspects, so that we can quantitatively compare and filter a large number of results and finally choose a better one.
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Bird View of the Northern Gateway
Nor thern Gateway Manchester. (2019) Strategic Regeneration Framework [Online image] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] http:// northerngatewaymanchester.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/NGSRF.pdf
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1.2 NORTHERN GATEWAY PROJECT LOCAL P-34.34-3
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Introduction of the project TTS
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MANCHESTER NORTHERN GATEWAY STRATEGIC REGENERATION FRAMEWORK (SRF) The Northern Gateway Strategic Regeneration Framework ("SRF") has been prepared by Manchester City Council ("MCC") to guide the future development of one of the largest regeneration projects in the UK. Northern Gateway Manchester. (2019) Strategic Regeneration Framework. [Online] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] http://northerngatewaymanchester.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/NG-SRF.pdf
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MAIN TARGET OF THE PROJECT
3M Population
1.5 M Jobs
Great Manchester's Population will reach 3 million people by 2036
Great Manchester Will have 1.5 million jobs by 2036
15,000 Residential housing According to the Manchester Nortern Gateway Strategic Regenearion Framework, we need to design a new Northern Gateway Area to
meet the future requirement which is the Northern Gateway will provide about 15,000 new homes over the next 15-20 years.
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1.3 OUR PROJECT PARTNERSHIP LOCAL P-34.34-3
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Manchester City Council (MCC)
Far East Consortium International Limited
Northern Gateway Manchester. (2019) Strategic Regeneration Framework [Online image] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] http://northerngatewaymanchester.co.uk/framework Doran, m. (No date) Image of the Matthew Doran. [Online image] [Accessed March 8th,
CPU[AI] Consultant
2021] https://twitter.com/iammattdoran Far East Consortium. (No date) The team. [Online image] [Accessed March 8th, 2021] https://fecil.uk/ about-us/the-team/
OUR PARTNERSHIP REPRESENTATIVE
Matthew Doran
Tom Fenton
Manchester City Council
Far East Consortium International Limited
DIAGRAM TO BE FINISH
MEET WITH CLIENTS In terms of our project, planners give us feedback that appropriate metrics for measuring biodiversity and well-being should be considered as the urban ecosystem is a complex system
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1.4 PROJECT CHALLENGES LOCAL P-34.34-3
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2.The distribution of facilities, amenities and community spaces is an essential aspect of successful residential development. How do we design to ensure this aspect of sustainability in urban strategy and design.
1. How can a balance between public and private spaces foster a sense of community and belonging in new urban morphology.
6. How to design zerocarbon future cities (is urban morphology adequate). How do you understand the environmental impact of future cities.
3. How can a new urban development be designed to change and adapt with its residents (from students to young professionals, families and aging)
Northern Gateway Manchester. (2019) Strategic Regeneration Framework. [Online] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] http://northerngatewaymanchester.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/NG-SRF.pdf
5.How can you design for sustainable movement and minimise motorised transport use? Consider last mile/3 mile responses including transport oriented design, walk-ability, cycling and technological disruptions (CAV).
THE CHALLENGE WE CHOOSE
4. How can a network of high-quality public green spaces support well-being and enhanced biodiversity. Integrating green spaces/public realm towards wellness and mitigation of climate change? Ecologies? How can you integrate green environments and the City River Park ecosystem?
Here are 6 challenges that provide some perspective for us to view the Northern Gateway development project. We have chosen challenge 4 to explore how to use urban green space as the main element to design the urban form, so as to achieve the vision of a sustainable and livable ecological city.
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1.5 THE LOCATION OF THE SITE LOCAL P-34.34-3
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THE LOCATION OF THE SITE The Northern Gateway Strategic Regeneration Framework ("SRF") has been prepared by Manchester City Council ("MCC") to guide the future development of one of the largest regeneration projects in the UK.
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Northern Gateway
1K M
1K
M
Site
Manchester City Center
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1.6 WHY WE SELECT THIS CHALLENGE LOCAL P-34.34-3
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Building Land Brownfield Land
12%
Brown Green Land
29%
Green Land
57%
8% 24%
Building Land
63%
V.S.
Land Use in the existing Northern Gateway Area
Proposed La
nfield Land
SHRINKAGE IN GREEN SPACE 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Building Land
Green Land
Existing
Brownfield Land Proposed
Less Green Space Green spaces decrease with the construction of social buildings.
and Use in the future Northern Gateway Area
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1.6 WHY WE SELECT THIS CHALLENGE LOCAL P-34.34-3
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10
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9 8 5
1 2
Legend
4
7
6
3
Legend Existing green spaces
Dwelling Area
FRAGMENTATION
2.7 KM
Dwelling Area
Fragmentation of green space
Dwelling Area
KM 2.5
Green Area
3.1 KM
Dwelling Area
Dwelling Area
Green Area
Connectivity
Accessbility
The connection between the green spaces it limited
Residents are hard to reach the green space
From above site analysis, we can know that the existing green spaces which belongs to the public space have already cause some problems on the site. Thus, we want to focus on the green spaces issuess perspective and explore how to solve it
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1.6 WHY WE SELECT THIS CHALLENGE LOCAL P-34.34-3
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The relationship between green patch, wellbeing and biodiversity TTS
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BIODIVERSITY
RESEARCH OBJECT
The main research object, according to the challenge we selected SPECIES
SPATIAL PROBLEM DEFINED
INHABITANTS
From the perspective of urban green space, we studied the spatial problems of the northern gateway and pointed out how they affect well-being and biodiveristy GREEN SPACE SIZE
SPATIAL PARAMETERS
F
These parameters extracted from ST2's research reflect the state of the green space. Therefore, we will use it as a standard for evaluating the results in the tool.
Reference: United Nations Human Settlements Pro
In Studio2, we studied how green space, well-being and biodivers the reduction and fragmentation of green spaces, thereby affe
UN-Habitat. (2020) Public Space Site-Specific Assessment: Guidelines to Achieve Quality Public Spaces at Neighbourrhood Level. [Online] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2020/07/final_pssa_v.1_reviewed_compressed.pdf
GREEN SPACE
WELL-BEING
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
DIVERSITY OF GREEN SPACE
FRAGMENTATION
MORE HOUSING NEED URBAN SPRAWL & SHRINKAGE IN GREEN SPACES
COMMUNITY
WALK DISTANCE
ACCESSIBILITY TO GREEN SPACE EMMISION
WARMING
ogramme, 2020. (UN-Habitat) Public space site-specific assessment.
sity interact with each other, and we found that urban sprawl has led to ecting the natural and residential ecological environment of the city.
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1.7 HOW WE SET UP THE TOOL (RECAP) LOCAL P-34.34-3
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In Studio1 & 2, we have finished defining the problems, strategies and logic behind the computational tool. In Studio3, we will develop the tool and use it to generate iterations and analyse different outcomes of green space-oriented urban planning.
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ST1 FOCUS
ST2 FOCUS
STAGE 01
STAGE 02
DEFINING THE PROBLMES & STRATEDGIES
DESIGNING THE TOOL
RESEARCHING THE THEORIES
RESEARCHING THE TOOL
ST3 FOCUS
STAGE 03
STAGE 04
STAGE 05
BUILDING THE TOOL
APPLYING THE TOOL
ANALYSING THE OUTCOMES
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0.3B
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UCTION TO WHAT THE TOOL WILL DO
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2.1 OUR TOOL TARGET USER LOCAL P-34.34-3
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Explaining who will use the tool TTS
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For students, the tool can provide a platform to be familiar with the process of urban planning Students
For designer / planner, the tool can help with the design process to evaluate the feasibility of the proposals. And it can also help to test the concept in the early stage which can improve efficiency. Designer / Planner
For developer, the tool can help establish a basic feeling of the future area which can formulate a more relevant policies. Developer
For the other users, they can be educated for the theory of the urban planning and have fun. Other People
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2.2 SPHERE OF APPLICATION OF THE TOOL TTS
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BUILDING SCALE
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PLOT S
· What is it? Urban design focuses on the individual building system which contribute to the whole urban performance.
· What is it? Design focu operation or the relatio public.
· Why not consider? Only focus on buildings cannot address our project goal - to create green spaces network to improve wellbeing and biodiversity.
· Why consider? In o to create green spac meanwhile conside our green spaces tog accessibility with the g focus on those how to cannot fully address pro
URBAN SCALE
SCALE
uses on the community on between private and
our project, we plan ces network system, er how to maximise gether with residents' green spaces. But only enlarger green spaces oject goal.
· What is it? Design scale focuses on designing future cities and the whole urban systems. · W h y c o n s i d e r ? O u r p ro j e c t g o a l i s t o build green spaces network to connect neighbourhood and ecology system, while improve human wellbeing and biodiversity. Thus, it is necessary to consider our project from a macro level.
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2.3 OUR TOOL'S FUNCTIONS LOCAL P-34.34-3
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In our tool, user can apply the tool to test their initial design proposals or whether the parameters are suitable or not
Testing Proposals
User can also store and compare various outcomes to select the most suitable one for his/her own project.
Compare Proposals
Every step in our tool is visualized and interactive so that the users can adjust easily and reflect quickly.
Visualized & Interactive
GREEN PLAN EXPLO
N CITY NING ORER
Through steps, users will finally have a well-connective city no matter which scenario they choose.
Improve connectivity of green spaces
By maintaining the original patches, connect the green spaces and raise the railway network, local biodiversity can be protected to some extend.
Protect Biodiversity
After the whole generation, residents can live in an accessible and well-linked green city. Therefore, it will improve the wellbeing of the local residents.
Improve wellbeing
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2.4 STEPS TO USE THE TOOL TTS
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Input Site & Select Maintain Elements
In step 1, you can upload the site from the internet. Then you can draw the elements that you want to remain on the site.
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STEP 02
STEP 04
Scenario Selection
Transport Network Generation
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STEP 01
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3
4
H e re , y o u c a n s e l e c t one of the four prefab scenarios to explore your city.
STEP 03 Functional Circles Generation
In step 3, you are required to enter the population, urban density and circle radius to operate the circle packing on the site.
In step 4, you can select one method to generate your road network. Then you can also raise your railway system and build your raised garden too.
STEP 05 Land-use Allocation
In step 5, base on the circles map,road network and the percentage parameters, you will have a land-use map.
STEP 06
STEP 08
Building Generation
Compare Your Cities
In step 6, you can determine the height of each kind of typology and the building offset.
STEP 07 Scoring of Your City
In the final step, you can compare all of your planning city and see which one will meet your requirements.
In step 7, you will receive a score base on our evaluation systems and the analysed data for each indicator
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2.5 THEORIES BEHIND THE TOOL TTS
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STEP 02
STEP 03
Input Site & Select Maintain Elements
Scenario Selection
Functional Circles Generation
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STEP 01
1
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STEP 04 Transport Network Generation
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COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS (CAS)
PATCH DYNAMIC
Cities can be described as complex adaptive systems as they are undeniably complex and exhibit the same properties that can be found in any CAS.
Patch dynamic is used to refer simply to changes that occur over time in the spctial patterns of ecosystem components.
STEP 05
STEP 06
STEP 07
STEP 08
Land-use Allocation
Building Generation
Scoring of Your City
Compare Your Cities
AGENT BASED MODEL (ABM)
CIRCLE PACKING
A type of model based on computer simulation, where the behabiour of system is determined by individual activities and interactions.
Circle packing is the study of the arrangement of circles on a given surface that no overlapping occurs and no circle can be enlarged without creating an overlap.
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0.3B
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LOGIC AND
TOOL WORK
D MECHANISM BEHIND THE TOOL
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3.1 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 1 TTS
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STEP 01 Input Site & Select Maintain Elements
In step 1, you can upload the site from the internet. Then you can draw the elements that you want to remain on the site.
Maintain the Irk River 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Maintain the Main Ro
oad
Selecting the Connecting Roads
Maintain the Orginal Green Pathces
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Step2 Scenario Selection This section will have an introduction of the agent based model theory and how we apply it to design various scenarios in step 2.
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3.2 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 2 TTS
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W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Green patches cell Green corridors cell We set up different kinds of "circle agent" to represent areas of different land use.
STEP 02
2
3
4 Put those circles into the site
H e re , y o u c a n s e l e c t one of the four prefab scenarios to explore your city.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Commercial cell Amenity cell
Scenario Selection
1
Residential housing cell
Circles can attract or repulse each other based on specific rules, which means we can control the land use trends by controlling the attraction or repulsion rules.
Namazi-Rad, MR., Padgham, L., Perez, P., Nagel, K. and Bazzan, A. (2017) Agent based modelling of urban systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Singapore: ABMUS.
In response to the challenge of improving the biodiversity of the site, protecting the ecological area from excessive human activities, and improving the well-being of residents, we set up some fixed rules for the tool
(1) the connection of ecological patches attracts small green patches (to form a relatively continuous green corridor);
(2) the green corridor attracts residential areas (to improve the accessibility of residents to green spaces)
(3) Residential area attracts commercial area and amenity area.
47
3.2 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 2 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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FIX
TTS
Applying ABM theory in step 2 W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Our gen w
Mixed-use development
Gree
STEP 02 Scenario Selection
Commercial Ar
Residential Area 1
2
3
Amenity
4 Commercial Area
H e re , y o u c a n s e l e c t one of the four prefab scenarios to explore your city.
Corridor
Ecological Patch
Corridor Ecological Patch
Attraction
Reside
Repulsion
C Ecological Patch Attractio
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Scenario 1
Sc
purpose is to compare the performance of the city model nerated by different attraction/repulsion models to understand which land use plan can better help us solve the challenge.
Highly Greenprotected City
en-led City
rea
Amenity
Amenity
ential Area
Corridor l
on
Commercial Area
Commercial Area Residential Area
Residential Area Corridor Corridor
Corridor Ecological Patch Repulsion
cenario 2
Residential -Led City
Ecological Patch
Ecological Patch
Attraction
Repulsion
Scenario 3
Corridor Ecological Patch Residential Area Attraction
Corridor Ecological Patch Amenity Repulsion
Scenario 4
49
Step3 Functional Circles Generation In step 3, we will introduce the circle packing strategy which is influenced by ABM theory and how we make use of circle packing to deal with the relationship between the basic urban functions.
51
3.3 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 3 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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TTS
Circle pakcing strategy in step 3 W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
STEP 03 Functional Circles Generation
In step 3, you are required to enter the population, urban density and circle radius to operate the circle packing on the site.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Randomly generated center and specified number and radius arou
Collins, C. R. and Stephenson, K. (2003) “A Circle Packing Algorithm,” Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications, 25(3), pp. 233–256. doi: 10.1016/S0925-7721(02)00099-8.
Incompletely packaged containers
und the area
Fully packaged container
53
3.3 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 3 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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TTS
How to calculate each functions'area W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
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W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
commercial
Reference: Neufe RIBA Sustainable O
STEP 03 Functional Circles Generation
In step 3, you are required to enter the population, urban density and circle radius to operate the circle packing on the site.
current population in city center around 37,000 in 2019
amenity area
Reference: Neufe RIBA Sustainable O
green space
Reference: Neufe RIBA Sustainable O
projection housing provision 15,000 in next 15 to 20 years
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
residential ar
Reference: Neufe RIBA Sustainable
Neufert, E. (2019) Architects' data. Fifth edition / edn. Translated by D. Sturge and N. J. Luhman. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell.
2-4m2 per inhabitat
× population
area
total area approximate 340,000m2 commercial area
ert, P. (n.d.) Architects’ Data. Outcomes Guide
1-2m2 per inhabitat
× population
a
total area approximate 170,000-340,000m2 amenity area
ert, P. (n.d.) Architects’ Data. Outcomes Guide
30-40m2 per inhabitat
Different functional fields scale × population
es area
total area approximate 255,000-420,000m2 green spaces area
ert, P. (n.d.) Architects’ Data. Outcomes Guide
15-37m2 per inhabitat
rea
× population
total area approximate 1,275,000 -3,145,000m2 residential area
ert, P. (n.d.) Architects’ Data. Outcomes Guide
55
3.3 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 3 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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Applying the calculation to the circle packing W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Function
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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CONTROL P-34.34-3
Total Area
Residential Area
164,000-328,000 m² Commercial Area
In step 3, you are required to enter the population, urban density and circle radius to operate the circle packing on the site.
82,000-164,000 m² Amenity Area
255,000-420,000 m² Green Space Area
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
More Corridor Area
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
1,230,0003,034,000 m²
STEP 03 Functional Circles Generation
TTS
Typ
pology
CLICK THE BUTTON BELOW TO VIEW THE DYNAMIC GENERATION PROCESS EXAMPLE
Types of Circle
Amount of circles 214 - 870
R= 15m
R= 30m
8 - 35 R= 30m
R= 50m
8 - 35 R= 30m
R= 50m
4 - 46 R= 15m
R= 60m
Circle Packing
-
57
Step4 Transport Network Generation In this section, we will talk about how we design our transport network system, including the road and railway systems.
59
3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
There are two network sytems in step4 W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Road Network Generation
STEP
Transport Gener
In road generation, there are five methods for exploration and user can also adjust the road parameters to suit the needs. Besides, a hub for the city is another choice for user to apply.
In step 4, user can select the road network. Then railway system and buil
Railway Network Renovation
P 04
t Network ration
t one method to generate user can also raise their ld the raised garden too.
In the railway generation, user can lift their original railway on the site which can provide more public spaces for the city and protect the species from danger. What's more, users can build a garden above the railway.
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3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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Why apply the grid system in road network generation TTS
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Some of world's ten greenest the grid system while plann
STEP 04 Road Network Generation
Street Grid Network
Hyde Park
Y X 0
200m
Sydney
In the road generation, there are five methods for exploration and user can also adjust the raod parameters to suit the needs. Besides, a hub for the city is another choice for user to apply.
Joubert Park
0
200m
Johannesburg
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
There are many methods to generate the street network and one of th in the road network. And based on Knight (2017), Steuteville (2019) an connectivity and disperse the traffic, which finally lead to the wellbeing
t cities have also applied ning the road network.
Benefits of the grid system
Walkable
Wellbeing Improve
Southside Park 0
200m
Navigable
Sacramento
Connectivity improve Ma ga zin e
Be ac h
0
Cambridge(US)
200m
Disperse Traffic
hem is using a grid. According to the Reynolds (2017), there are many green cities that have applied the grid systems nd Alberit (2005), grid system can not only make the community more walkable and navigable but also improve the improvement. Knight,P. (No date) Why the grid is a great asset to our cities. [Online] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] https:// www.smartcitiesdive.com/ex/sustainablecitiescollective/fallacies-against-grid/34437/ Steuteville, R. (2019) Why choose a grid? [Online] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] https://www.cnu.org/ publicsquare/2019/11/20/why-choose-grid
Alberti, M. (2005) ‘The Effects of Urban Patterns on Ecosystem Function’, International Regional Science Review, 28(2), pp. 168–192. doi: 10.1177/0160017605275160. Reynolds, M. (2017) This algorithm has found the greenest city in the world. [Online] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] https://www.wired.co.uk/article/green-city-index-mit-media-lab-google-street-view
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3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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Why apply the grid system in step 4 W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
STEP 04 Road Network Generation
In the road generation, there are five methods for exploration and user can also adjust the raod parameters to suit the needs. Besides, a hub for the city is another choice for user to apply.
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
People
5,000
5,
Buildings Density
Low
Av
Density of Grid
Low
Av
Green space area
Limited Protected
Pr
Various Scenarios under various density grid
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
According to Sushinsky and his colleagues (2013), a suitable grid density can pro
,000
5,000
5,000
verage
High
Compact
verage
High
Compact
rotected
Well Protected
High Protected
A suitable grid density
Protect intact green spaces
Protect local Biodiversity
otect the intact green spaces to some extent. In other words, a suitable grid network can protect the local biodiversity.
Sushinsky.J, Rhodes.J, Possingham. H, Gill. T and Fuller. R. (2013) How should we grow cities to minimize their biodiversity impacts? [Online] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] https://fullerlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Sushinsky-et-al-2013.pdf
65
3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
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Providing 5 methods to generate road network W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Consideration 1
STEP 04 Degree of relaxation
Road Network Generation
Method1: Grid
Method2: Curve Grid
In the road generation, there are five methods for exploration and user can also adjust the raod parameters to suit the needs. Besides, a hub for the city is another choice for user to apply.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Based on the consideration of the degree of relaxation and whether there are gu
Street Grid Network
Consideration 2
Y X
Guide Line
Method3: One Guideline
Method4: Two Guideline
Method5: Guideline & Curve Grid
uide lines of the grid system, we develop 5 methods to generate the road network.
67
3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 TTS
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TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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User can build a transport hub using wooly paths W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
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W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
What is a transport hub under TOD guidance?
STEP 04 Road Network Generation
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
0m
50
In the road generation, there are five methods for exploration and user can also adjust the raod parameters to suit the needs. Besides, a hub for the city is another choice for user to apply.
Hub Amenity
Residential Green Space
Commercial
TOD is called Transit-oriented development, and it means people will need to take around 5-10 minutes (400-800 meters) to reach the residence, commercial area and amenity area after they get off the hub.
Wikipedia. (No date) Transit-oriented development. [Online] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit-oriented_development Schumacher, P. (2008) A New Global Style for Architecture and Urban Design. [Online]
[Accessed March 14th, 2021] https://www.patrikschumacher.com/Texts/Parametricism%20-%20 A%20New%20Global%20Style%20for%20Architecture%20and%20Urban%20Design.html
Why to have a transport hub?
Attract Investment
TOD Transport Hub
Improve Accessibility
Wellbeing Improve Save Commuting time
Why wooly paths?
Transport Hub
Road Network
Residence Residents
Limit the road length
Woolly Path
Woolly Path is a strategy that can ''compute a network solution between given points that optimize the relationship of total network length and the average detour factor imposed.'' (Schumacher. P (2008))
69
3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
Processes and parameters in road generation W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
STEP 04 Road Network Generation
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Context Input
Select Methods
Parameters
Methods
Irk River
Connecting Road In the road generation, there are five methods for exploration and user can also adjust the road parameters to suit the needs. Besides, a hub for the city is another choice for user to apply.
TTS
Guide Line
Input t
Param
Grid
Curve Grid
X
90m
Distanc One Guideline 90m
Original Patch
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 Railway
Two Guideline
Guideline & Curve Grid
Distanc
Angle o
the Grid
Transport Hub
Plot & Parcel Generation
Generation Loop
meters
Parameters
Parameters
Loop
Option 1
210m
ce of X
12m
Hub Location
21m
Road Offset
Y Option 2
210m
ce of Y
of grid
6m
Hub Service Radius
60m
Plot Width .......
71
3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
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TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
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TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
Road network generation graphic and video explaination W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
1
STEP 04 Road Network Generation
Input the maintained context and railway, select the main road as guide line and the connecting road In the road generation, there are five methods for exploration and user can also adjust the raod parameters to suit the needs. Besides, a hub for the city is another choice for user to apply.
Select the method 5 ( curve grid) to genera
3
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Select the transport hub location and form the final grid
Plot and parcel ge
2
CLICK THE BUTTON BELOW TO VIEW THE DYNAMIC GENERATION PROCESS EXAMPLE
(Guideline with ate road grids
4 Grasshopper Battery
eneration
73
3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
Raising the railway system W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
The Railway Layout in the Northern Gateway
STEP 04 Railway Network Renovation
In the railway renovation, user can lift their origianl railway on the site whic can provide more public spaces for the city and protect the species from danger. What's more. user can build a grenden above the railway.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Community Green area Railway
3.55% Railway Area = 53,397 m2 Total Area = 1,500,000 m2
Problems
Aims
Interrupt the connection between communities
Wellbeing down
Interrupt the connection between species
Biodiversity Down
Improve Accessbility
Provide More Green Spaces
Connect the Existing Green Patches
Raised green railway
75
3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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FIX
TTS
Raising the railway system W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
STEP 04
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Railway Input
Raising Railway
Parameters
Parameters
Generate Ra
Param
Railway Network Renovation
In the railway renovation, user can lift their origianl railway on the site whic can provide more public spaces for the city and protect the species from danger. What's more. user can build a grenden above the railway.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Select the maintained railway line
0m
10m
Railway Height
15m
Gar He
CLICK THE BUTTON BELOW TO VIEW THE DYNAMIC EXAMPLE GENERATION PROCESS
aise Garden
meters
25m
Grasshopper Battery
rden eight
77
Walk from your house to surrounding green space
Have a walk on the highway parks
View your unique flat in the mixused building
Decide the plants of your small garden
79
Step5 Land-use Allocation In step 5, we will then focus on how we allocate landuse on the site according to the previous functional and transport generation.
81
3.5 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 5 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
Land-use allocation W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
STEP 4 ROAD GENERATION OUTCOME
STEP 05 Land-use Allocation
In step 5, base on the circles map,road network and the percentage parameters, you will can have a land-use map.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Identify the parts of circles that intersect with the chosen plot. STEP 3 CIRCLE PACKING OUTCOME
Residential circle's occupying ratio > 60% Residential-led Amenity circle's occupying ratio > 60% Amenty-led Commercial circle's occupying ratio > 60% Commercial-led Green patch or green corridor circle's occupying ratio > 60% Green space-led 0% < Every circle's occupying ratio ≤ 60% Calculate the sum of the intersection areas by types and then identify the proportion between them.
Mixed-use We set up the rule that different proportion outcome leads to different land use type.
CLICK THE BUTTON TO VIEW THE DYNAMIC EXAMPLE GENERATION PROCESS 83
Step6 Buildings Generation While on step6, we will talk about the way we place various types of mix-used building typologies based on the previous land-use map and some rules.
85
3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
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TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
Building generation W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
STEP 06
CONTROL P-34.34-3
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FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Buildings
Building Generation Land use map
In step 6, you can determine the height of each kind of typology and the building offset.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Plots
Circle mapping
The process of building generation is based on the land use type(step 5), and most of the typologies are mixed-use to show the adaptiveness and flexibility.
87
3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
LOCAL P-34.34-3
Residential-led typology TTS
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL-LED BUILDING High-rise residential-led building allows more terrace spaces for green amenities or animal habitats. It also provides residents with more commercial or amenity functions for convenience. INPUT PARAMETERS
CONDITION
Building height (metres) 60
80
Building offset (metres) 8
12
Residential circle Circle of other land-use type
Residential circle's occupying ratio > 60%
GENERATIVE RULE
Residential floors
Amenity & commercial floors
Residential circle occupying ratio = x% Building height = y (metres) Storey height = z (metres) Number of residential floors = y*x% / z Number of amenity & commercial floors = y*(1-x%) / z
89
3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
LOCAL P-34.34-3
Residential-led typology TTS
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
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LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
MID-RISE RESIDENTIAL-LED BUILDING Green balconies are added to mid-rise residentialled building allowing more spaces for vegetation and habitats.
INPUT PARAMETERS
CONDITION
Building height (metres) 16
36
Building offset (metres) 5
12
Residential circle Circle of other land-use type
Residential circle's occupying ratio > 60%
* It is a part of the generative script.
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3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
LOCAL P-34.34-3
Residential-led typology TTS
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Low-rise residential building enjoys bigger garden spaces which are semi-open to public and also provide more habitats for animals.
INPUT PARAMETERS
CONDITION
Building height (metres) 6
12
Building offset (metres) 2
4
Residential circle Circle of other land-use type
Residential circle's occupying ratio > 60%
* It is a part of the generative script.
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3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 LOCAL P-34.34-3
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LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Commercial-led & Amenity-led typolgoy TTS
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
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LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
HIGH-RISE COMMERCIAL(AMENITY)-LED BUILDING Similar to high-rise residential-led building, this typology allows more terrace spaces for green amenities or animal habitants.
INPUT PARAMETERS
CONDITION
Building height (metres) 60
90
Building offset (metres) 8
12
Commercial circle
Amenity circle
Circle of other land-use type
Circle of other land-use type
Amenity or Commercial circle's occupying ratio > 60%
GENERATIVE RULE
Amenity or Commercial circle occupying ratio = x% Building height = y (metres) Storey height = z (metres) Number of amenity & commercial floors = y*x% / z Number of residential floors = y*(1-x%) / z
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3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 LOCAL P-34.34-3
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LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Commercial-led & Amenity-led typology TTS
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
MID-RISE COMMEICRAL(AMENITY)-LED BUILDING This building typology aims to have open areas for green roofs where people can enjoy outdoor activities.
INPUT PARAMETERS
CONDITION
Building height (metres) 12
40
Building offset (metres) 3
8
Commercial circle
Amenity circle
Circle of other land-use type
Circle of other land-use type
Amenity or Commercial circle's occupying ratio > 60%
* It is a part of the generative script.
97
3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Mixed-use typology TTS
FIX
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W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
HYBRID BUILDING Hybrid building is mix-used to fit world’s changing demands or requirements flexibly. It allows for a green corridor as the circulation system within the building. INPUT PARAMETERS
CONDITION
Building height (metres) 12
45
Building offset (metres) 4
15 Residential circle
Commercial circle
Amenity circle
Green corridor or green patch circle
0% < Every circle's occupying ratio ≤ 60%
* It is a part of the generative script.
99
3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 LOCAL P-34.34-3
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Mixed-use typology TTS
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
HYBRID BUILDING GENERATIVE RULE
Input building height
Generate the frame for plug-in units Insert plug-in units of different functions based on the proportion
Input circle packing's outcome
Caculate the occupying proportion between every type of circle PLUG-IN UNITS
Residential unit A
Amenity unit A
Commercial unit
Residential unit B
Amenity unit B
Green unit
STRUCTURES
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3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Landscape typology TTS
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LANDSCAPETYPOLOGIES TYPOLOGY LANDSCAPE In order to improve the diversity of species and public spaces, 6 subtypes of landscape typology are provided to fit different demands and situation.
GENERATIVE RULE
CONDITION
There are 2 rules to define what subtypes of the landscape typology will be
? Green circle Circle of other land-use type
Land use type of the nearest plot
Land use type of the nearest plot
Size of the landscape plot
Green corridor or patch circle's occupying ratio > 60%
Size of the landscape plot
River Reserved patch or green corridor
Waterfront 0<area≤1000
Experimental field
1000<area≤2000
Pocket park
2000<area
Court
Residential Amenity Commercial Hybrid
Subtypes
Natural field
Court A
Court B
Waterfront
Pocket park
Experimental field
Nature field 103
View g landscape the apar
Take a look at the experimental field of the urban forest
green es from rtment
105
View green landscapes from the apartment
Sitting at the lakeside viewing area
Take a look at the experimental field of the urban forest
Walk along the road to experience the various green landscapes
Step7 Scoring Systems In step 7, we will introduce our scoring system including various evaluation indicators and the process to assess proposals from the previous steps.
1.1 UGF
2.1 Patch Size
2.2 Neighbour
2.3 Distance from core area
+20
+6.0
+11.0
+8.0
3.1 X m2 housing per person
3. 2 D i s t a n c e t o patch
3.3 X m2 Green space per person
+6
+4
+5
60 POINTS
109
3.7 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 7 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
Framework of the scoring system W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
SCOR
STEP 07 Scoring of Your City
The scoring system includes three main specific parts to value biodiveristy and wellbeing in terms of spatial contexts.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Urban Green Factor (UGF) Given by RIBA
The recommended UGF score is 0.3 to 0.4 for site predoninantly by residential development
Biodiv (Habitat
patch size
n
RING SYSTEM
versity Assessment t Heactare Approach)
neighbourhood
distance from core area
Wellbeing Assessment
x m2 per person appropriate to building type
accessibility to green spaces
x m2 per person for green spaces
111
3.7 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 7 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
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TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
Urban green factor scoring system W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
UGF 0 UGF 0
UGF 0.2
sealed surfaces
water feature
UGF 0.1
UGF 0.3
paving
small roof green
UGF 0.4
STEP 07 Scoring of Your City
A B
amenity grassla
UGF 0.5
C
Total UGF score = (UGF A x area A) + (UGF B x area B) + (UGF C x Area C) site area =0.3 to 0.4
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
groundcover planting
The Urban Green Factor (UGF) is a way of determining green infrastructure requirements for new development. It is used within the policies of many municipalities to set requirements that developers must agree to before planning permission for a site is granted.
The area of the site is 1,550,000 m2 and according to RIBA recommended UGF, the UGF in residential development area is 0.3 to 0.4 The Ecology Consultancy. (2017) Greater London Authority Urban Greening Factor for London Research Report. [Online] [Accessed March 15th, 2021] https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/urban_ greening_factor_for_london_final_report.pdf
and
r
n t s
g l
UGF 1
UGF 0.7
UGF 0.6
UGF 0.8
UGF 1
hedges
vegetation blanket
green roof
woodland
green wall
flower planting
vegetation over structure
wetland
<25 m
25 m
<25 m
planted trees in cubic less than 25 m
25 m
rain garden
standard planed trees on 25m cubic
grassland selected in project
113
3.7 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 7 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
Biodiversity scoring system W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
set rules
Patch Size
STEP 07 Scoring of Biodiversity
< 2 ha Score= 1 2 ha< but <5 ha Score= 2 5 ha< but <10 ha Score= 4
According to Habitat Hectare Approach, the landscape context, like patch size, neighbour and distance from core area, are selected to quantify the weight of green patchs and assess biodiversity in this area.
3 km
10 ha< but <20 ha Score= 6
20 ha< but significantly disturbed Score= 8
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 20 ha< but not significantly disturbed Score= 10
Chaozhen, C. (2012) Landscape ecological diversity. [Online] [Accessed March 15th, 2021] https://www. doc88.com/p-657228723362.html
500 m
radius < score=1
radius < >=1km score=6
radius > score=2
generate the visual building layer
evaluation
s
Neighbourhood
END
Distance from core area
1 km
5 km 5 km
m
core area 1 km
1 km 500 m
500 m
<= 500m 10
radius <= 1km and >=500m score=8
<= 3km and
radius <= 5km and >=3km score=4
distance contiguous
score=5
distance< 1 km
score=4
6
1 km< distance <5km
score=2
>= 5 km 2
distance >5 km
score=0
115
3.7 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 7 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
Impacts on Wellbeing W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Environment
STEP 07 What are imtpacts on Welling? In the study of Physical and Environement Impacts on Mental Wellbeing, there are five factors influening people' wellbeing. We select three spatial sections that could quantify wellbeing scores.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Guite, H. F., Clark, C. and Ackrill, G. (2006) “The impact of the physical and urban environment on mental well-being.” Public Health, 120(12) pp. 1117–1126.
dissatisfication of noise
dissatisfication with over-crowding in the home
average floor area per person
SOCIAL AND ENVIROENMENT IMPACTS ON MENTAL WELLBEING
Social
access to green spaces
accessibility to green space
dissatisfication with social facilities
feel unsafe
average green space per person
117
3.7 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 7 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
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FIX
TTS
Wellbeing scoring system W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Housing STEP 07 Scoring of Wellbeing
Based on guidance in urban planning, it is clains that welleing is related to average floor area per person, accessibility to greens and the green space per person.
10-20 m2 per person
20-30 m2 per person
Score 2
Score 4
th di sp 40
Sc 30-40m2 per person
40-50m2 per person
Score 6
Score 8
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 40-50m2 per person
50-60m2 per person
Score 10
Score 10
th di sp >1
Sc
Rodgers, M. (2015) Downsizing: How to Optimize your Living Space. [Online] [Accessed April 15th, 2021] https://www.mentorworks.ca/blog/business-strategy/01downsizing-to-optimize-living-space/
NationMaster.(2008) Counties Compared. [Online] [Accessed April 15th, 2021] https://www.nationmaster. com/country-info/stats/Geography/Area/Land/Per-capita
set rules
evaluation
generate the visual building layer
Accessibility
he average minimum istance access to green pace for every household > 00 m
the average minimum distance access to green space for every household >300m and <= 400 m
core 2
Score 4
he average minimum istance access to green pace for every household 100m and <=300 m
core 6
END
the average distance access to green space for every household < = 100 m
Score 10
Green spaces area
<=9 m2 green
space per person Score 4
9 m2 < and <=15 m2 green space per person
15m2 < and <=30 m2 green space per person
30 m2 < and <=40 m2 green space per person
Score 8
Score 10
Score 6
119
3.7 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 7 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Calculation systems logic W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
UGF( urban green factor)
Patch size
START
START
STEP 07 Biodiversity Calculation Logic Different surface coverage area( A ) individually
Input data
Different surface coverage UGF score (B)
Green spaces coverage area( G )
Input data
Math Math calculation calculation
G/Gn How to calcuculate biodiversity scores step by step on computational tool.
Math calculation 1
Math calculation AXB Math calculation 2
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
(A X B)/ site area UGF score
if G/Gn < 2ha, score = 1 ......
Patch size size score scor Patch
Neighbour START
Green spaces number ( Gn )
nn11
n
n2
e re
Distance from core area
Parch size standard scores (Gs)
Green spaces Input data
Find the central points of green spaces and cloest points
Distance standard scores (Ds)
Calculate Calculatedistance distance between betweenpoints(D) points (D)
START Green spaces and maintained patches
Input data
Find the central points in maintained patches( Pm) and green spaces central points( Pg) Radius standard scores (Rs)
Calculate radius (R) from Pm to Pg
if D > 400m, score = 2 ......
if R > 5km, score = 0 ......
Neighbour Neighbour score score
Distance from core Distance from core area score score
121
3.7 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 7 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Calculation systems logic W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
X m2 housing per person START Housing total area (Ht)
STEP 07 Wellbeing Calculation Logic
Input data Projection population (P=85,000)
Math calculation 1
H loca
C
Ht/P How to calcuculate wellbeing scores step by step on computational tool.
Math calculation 2 Housing area standard scores (Hs)
if 20m2< H < 30 m2, score = 4 ......
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 Housing area per person score
Dista stan sco (D
Accessibility to green spaces
X m2 green spaces per person
START
START
Housing ations(Lh)
Input data
Calculate distance between Lh and Lg(Dgh)
ance ndard ores Ds1)
Projection population (P = 85,000)
Green spaces locations ( Lg ) Input data Green spaces coverage area ( G1 )
Math calculation 2
if Dgh > 400m, score = 2 ......
Accessibility score
Math calculation1
Math calculation 2 Green space area per person standard scores (Gs)
if Gp >= 9m2, score = 4 ......
Green space area per person
123
Proposal 1
Proposal 2
Proposal 4
Proposal 3
Proposal 5
1,2,3 ...N
COMPARISON FILTER
Step8 Comparing Your Cities In the final step, we will show how we filter various proposals in the tool.
125
3.8 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 8 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Comparing the results W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
In the final step, you can compare all of your planning city and see which one will meet your requirements.
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Compare Indicators 1.1 UGF
Residential Area
Floor Area Ra
2.1 Patch Size
Commerical Area
Lot Coverag
2.2 Neighbour
Amenity Area
2.3 Distance from core area
Mix-used Area
3.1 X m2 housing space per person 3.2 Distance to patch 3.3 X m2 Green space per person
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
STEP 08 Compare Your Cities
LOCAL P-34.34-3
Green Area Road Area
Vertical sky comp
atio
Various Proposals
78
63
72
63 Final Selection
ge
ponent 64
61
45
53
78
...... 127
0.3B
N-3.4
4 TOOL IN SHOWCASE THE
NTERFACE INTERFACE WE DESIGN FOR THE TOOL
0.3B
N-3.4
131
4.1 LOGIN TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
133
4.2 STEP 01- INPUT SITE TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
STEP 01 Input Site & Select Maintain Elements
In step 1, you can upload the site from the internet. Then you can draw the elements that you want to remain on the site.
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
135
4.2 STEP 02- SCENARIO SELECTION TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
STEP 02 Scenario Selection
1
2
3
4
H e re , y o u c a n s e l e c t one of the four prefab scenarios to explore your city.
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
137
4.3 STEP 03- CIRCLES GENERATION TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
STEP 03 Functional Circles Generation
In step 3, you are required to enter the population, urban density and circle radius to operate the circle packing on the site.
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
139
4.4 STEP 04- ROAD NETWORK GENERATION TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
STEP 04 Transport Network Generation
In step 4, you can select one method to generate your road network. Then you can also raise your railway system and build your raised garden too.
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
141
4.4 STEP 04- RAILWAY RENOVATION TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
STEP 04 Railway Network Renovation
In the railway renovation, user can lift their origianl railway on the site whic can provide more public spaces for the city and protect the species from danger. What's more. user can build a grenden above the railway.
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
143
4.5 STEP 05- LAND-USE ALLOCATION TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
STEP 05 Land-use Allocation
In step 5, base on the circles map,road network and the percentage parameters, you will can have a land-use map.
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
145
4.6 STEP 06- BUILDING GENERATION TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
STEP 06 Building Generation
In step 6, you can determine the height of each kind of typology and the building offset.
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
147
4.7 STEP 07- SCORING YOUR CITY TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
STEP 07 Scoring of Your City
I n s t e p 7, y o u w i l l receieve a score base on our evaluation systems and the analysed data for each indicator
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
149
4.7 STEP 07- SCORING YOUR CITY TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
STEP 07 Scoring of Your City
I n s t e p 7, y o u w i l l receieve a score base on our evaluation systems and the analysed data for each indicator
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
151
4.8 STEP 08- COMPARE YOUR CITIES TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
STEP 08 Compare Your Cities
In the final step, you can compare all of your planning city and see which one will meet your requirements.
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
153
4.9 INTERFACE VIDEO TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
PLEASE CLICK THE BUTTON BE OF OUR
ELOW TO VIEW THE TUTORIAL R TOOL
155
0.3B
5 ANALYSE T N-3.4
COMPARE THE P
THE RESULTS
PERFORMANCE OF MULTIPLE OPTIONS
0.3B
N-3.4
5.1 SELECTING PROCESS LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Overview of how to select a suitable proposal for the site TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Scenario 1 Functional Circles Generation
Transport Network Generation
Mixed-Function
Scenario 2
Input Site & Select Maintain Elements Green-Led
1,2,3...
Scenario 3
Va r i o u s P a r a m e t e r s Setting
Green-Protected Scenario 4
Resident-Led
Land-use Allocation
Building Generation
2.2 Neighbour
2.1 Patch Size
1.1 UGF
k
2.3 Distance from core area
Scoring of Your City 1-2
1-3
1-5
Compare and Select 2-1
2-5
3-2
3-5
4-1
4-5
2-1
...... 3.1 X m2 housing space per person
3.2 Distance to patch
3.3 X m2 Green space per person
159
5.2 SCENARIO 1 TESTING TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
Generation process W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Population 170,000 20
SCENARIO 1 Mixed-Function
2
4
Commercial Residential Density Density (m2 per inhabitat)
1
2
Amenity Density (m2 per inhabitat)
30
40
Green Space Density (m2 per inhabitat)
Road Type
Residential Area Amenity
Commercial Area
Corridor
Guide line with curve grid 90
210
Corridor Ecological Patch Attraction
Residential Density (m2 per inhabitat)
50
Ecological Patch Repulsion
Plot Width (m)
Block Width (m)
Road Offset (m)
30
12
Hub Radius (m)
Railway Raised Height (m
450
18
Road Network Generation
m)
Circles Generation Radius (m) 30
Residential Circle Radius (m)
Radius (m) 50
Commercial Circle Radius (m)
Outcomes
Radius (m) 50
Amenity Circle Radius (m)
1-5
Radius (m) 60
Green Space Circle Radius (m)
Radius (m)
Green Corridor Circle Radius (m)
15
Residential-led Land-use (%) 20.16%
9 21 30 6 18 24 45 60
80
Residential Mixused height
Commercial-led Land-use (%) 4.90%
15 24 45 6 20 40
90
Commercial Mixused height
6 15 30 45
60
Amenity Mix-used height
90
Flexible Mix-used height
Amenity-led Landuse (%) 5.27% Mix Land-use (%) 12.73%
Land Allocation
6 12
15
45 30 40
Building Generation 161
5.2 SCENARIO 1 TESTING TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
Testing outcomes W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Option1-1
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.93 Lot coverage(LC): 0.43 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.88% Residential area(RA): 1,405,900 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,232,700m2
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Option1-2
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
Option1-4
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.01 Lot coverage(LC): 0.43 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.91% Residential area(RA): 1,400,000 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,287,300m2
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.10 Lot coverage(LC): 0.37 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.53 Residential area(RA): 1,423,700 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,325,800
Option1-5
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.79 Lot coverage(LC): 0.38 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.8 Residential area(RA): 1,404,400 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,295,20
Better Option Option1-3
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
3%
0m2
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
Option1-6
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
84%
2
00m2
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.11 Lot coverage(LC): 0.43 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.93% Residential area(RA): 1,400,000 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,307,400m2
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.78 Lot coverage(LC): 0.42 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.65% Residential area(RA): 1,385,400 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,145,200m2
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
163
5.2 SCENARIO 1 TESTING TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
Testing outcomes W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Option1-7
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.77 Lot coverage(LC): 0.44 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.65% Residential area(RA): 1,385,400 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,145,200m2
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Option1-8
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
Option1-10
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.84 Lot coverage(LC): 0.40 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.15% Residential area(RA): 1,385,000 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,193,200m2
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.77 Lot coverage(LC):0.44 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.4 Residential area(RA): 1,385,000 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,145,200
Option1-11
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.62 Lot coverage(LC): 0.34 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.0 Residential area(RA): 1,235,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,193,200
Option1-9
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
44%
0m2
LC
OBA
VSC
RA
Option1-12
FAR LC
OBA
09%
2
0m2
FAR
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.74 Lot coverage(LC): 0.43 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.38% Residential area(RA): 1,385,000 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,124,700m2
VSC
RA
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.63 Lot coverage(LC): 0.32 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.65% Residential area(RA): 1,235,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,199,900m2
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
165
5.2 OPTIMISED OUTCOME FOR SCENARIO 1 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
LOCAL P-34.34-3
TTS
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
Testing outcomes comparison W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
wetland
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
green roof
0.40 UGF score 0
1
0.3 0.4 Standard domain
4.21 patch size
0
Patch size score
10
4 6 Standard domain
7.44 neighbour Neighbour score
10 6 8 Standard domain
0
3.87 core area Distance from core area score
5 2 4 0 Standard domain
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
amenity grass
woodland
LOCAL P-34.34-3
structure green
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
4.45 0
4 6 Standard domain
10
housing X m2 housing per person score
2.72 0
4 6 Standard domain
10
accessibility Accessibility score
4.79 0
Floor Area Ratio: 3.90 Lot Coverage: 0.41 Vertical Sky Component: 37.80% Residential Area: 1,404,400 m2 Amenity Area: 268,401 m2 Commercial Area: 172,868 m2 Mix-use Area: 773,379 m2 Green Area: 501,713 m2 Road Area:366,396 m2
4 6 Standard domain
10
green space X m2 green space per person
Total score 67.48 text
better data
text
normal data 167
5.3 SCENARIO 2 TESTING TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
Generation process W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Population 170,000 20
SCENARIO 2 Green-Led City
Commercial Area
Residential Density (m2 per inhabitat)
50
2
4
Commercial Residential Density Density (m2 per inhabitat)
1
2
Amenity Density (m2 per inhabitat)
30
40
Green Space Density (m2 per inhabitat)
Amenity
Road Type Guide line with curve grid
Residential Area
90
210
Block Width (m)
Corridor Corridor Ecological Patch Attraction
Ecological Patch Repulsion
Plot Width (m) 30 Hub Radius (m) 450
Road Offset (m) 12
Railway Raised Height (m 18
Road Network Generation
m)
Circles Generation Radius (m) 30
Residential Circle Radius (m)
Radius (m) 50
Commercial Circle Radius (m)
Outcomes
Radius (m) 50
Amenity Circle Radius (m)
2-1
Radius (m) 60
Green Space Circle Radius (m)
Radius (m)
Green Corridor Circle Radius (m)
15
Residential-led Land-use (%) 22.38%
9 21 30 6 18 24 45 60
80
Residential Mixused height
Commercial-led Land-use (%) 4.83%
15 24 45 6 20 40
90
Commercial Mixused height
6 15 30 45
60
Amenity Mix-used height
90
Flexible Mix-used height
Amenity-led Landuse (%) 4.67% Mix Land-use (%) 11.77%
Land Allocation
6 12
45 15 30 40
Building Generation 169
5.3 SCENARIO 2 TESTING TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
Testing outcomes W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Option2-1
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Option2-2
FAR
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.76 Lot coverage(LC): 0.39 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.84% Residential area(RA): 1,407,600 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,309,600m2
LC
OBA
VSC
RA
Option2-4
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.77 Lot coverage(LC): 0.36 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.29% Residential area(RA): 1,317,400 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,229,800m2
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.97 Lot coverage(LC): 0.34 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 36.9 Residential area(RA): 1,476,500 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,224,200
Option2-5
FAR OBA
LC
VSC
RA
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.96 Lot coverage(LC): 0.38 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.4 Residential area(RA): 1,323,500 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,368,40
Better Option Option2-3
FAR LC
OBA
95%
0m2
VSC
RA
FAR LC
OBA
RA
VSC
Option2-6
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
49%
2
00m2
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.68 Lot coverage(LC): 0.35 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.53% Residential area(RA): 1,323,500 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,182,400m2
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.85 Lot coverage(LC): 0.35 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.61% Residential area(RA): 1,297,100 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,320,500m2
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
171
5.3 SCENARIO 2 TESTING TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
Testing outcomes W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Option2-7
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.93 Lot coverage(LC): 0.43 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.99% Residential area(RA): 1,322,400 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,354,800m2
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Option2-8
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
Option2-10
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.13 Lot coverage(LC): 0.38 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.17% Residential area(RA): 1,403,600 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,366,000m2
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.05 Lot coverage(LC):0.41 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.38 Residential area(RA): 1,405,700 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,349,800
Option2-11
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.08 Lot coverage(LC): 0.40 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 36.7 Residential area(RA): 1,502,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,307,800
Option2-9
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
8%
0m2
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
Option2-12
FAR LC
OBA
77%
2
0m2
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.94 Lot coverage(LC): 0.39 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.76% Residential area(RA): 1,333,600 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,347,200m2
VSC
RA
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.08 Lot coverage(LC): 0.38 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.08% Residential area(RA): 1,401,500 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,371,900m2
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
173
5.3 OPTIMISED OUTCOME FOR SCENARIO 2 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
TestingBetter outcomes option comparison 2-1 W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
wetland
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
green roof
0.44 UGF score 0
1
0.3 0.4 Standard domain
4.21 patch size
0
Patch size score
10
4 6 Standard domain
7.42 neighbour Neighbour score
10 6 8 Standard domain
0
3.91 core area Distance from core area score
5 2 4 0 Standard domain
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
amenity grass
woodland
LOCAL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
structure green
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
4.52 0
4 6 Standard domain
10
housing X m2 housing per person score
3.25 0
4 6 Standard domain
10
accessibility Accessibility score
4.56 0
Floor Area Ratio: 3.8 Lot Coverage: 0.39 Vertical Sky Component: 38.14% Residential Area: 1,470,600 m2 Amenity Area: 275,177 m2 Commercial Area: 217,266 m2 Mix-use Area: 871,132 m2 Green Area: 447,454 m2 Road Area:366,396 m2
4 6 Standard domain
10
green space X m2 green space per person
Total score 71.87 text
better data
text
normal data 175
5.4 SCENARIO 3 TESTING TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
Generation process W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Population 170,000 20
SCENARIO 3 Highly Green Protected City
2
4
Commercial Residential Density Density (m2 per inhabitat)
1
2
Amenity Density (m2 per inhabitat)
30
40
Green Space Density (m2 per inhabitat)
Commercial Area
Road Type
Residential Area Amenity
Guide line with curve grid 90
Corridor Ecological Patch
210
Block Width (m)
Corridor Ecological Patch
Attraction
Residential Density (m2 per inhabitat)
50
Repulsion
Plot Width (m)
Road Offset (m)
30
12
Hub Radius (m)
Railway Raised Height (m
450
18
Road Network Generation
m)
Circles Generation Radius (m) 30
Residential Circle Radius (m)
Radius (m) 50
Commercial Circle Radius (m)
Outcomes
Radius (m) 50
Amenity Circle Radius (m)
3-5
Radius (m) 60
333-5 Green Space Circle Radius (m)
Radius (m) 15
Green Corridor Circle Radius (m)
Residential-led Land-use (%) 20.75%
9 21 30 6 18 24 45 60
80
Residential Mixused height
Commercial-led Land-use (%) 4.61%
15 24 45 6 20 40
90
Commercial Mixused height
6 15 30 45
60
Amenity Mix-used height
45 15 6 12 30 40
90
Flexible Mix-used height
Amenity-led Landuse (%) 5.09% Mix Land-use (%) 12.00%
Land Allocation
Building Generation 177
5.4 SCENARIO 3 TESTING TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
Testing outcomes W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Option3-1
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Option3-2
FAR
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.94 Lot coverage(LC): 0.42 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.94% Residential area(RA): 1,304,600 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,300,100m2
LC
OBA
VSC
RA
Option3-4
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.78 Lot coverage(LC): 0.36 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.93% Residential area(RA): 1,106,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,391,700m2
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.80 Lot coverage(LC): 0.36 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.2 Residential area(RA): 1,152,700 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,361,400
Option3-5
FAR OBA
LC
VSC
RA
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.77 Lot coverage(LC): 0.35 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.3 Residential area(RA): 1,254,800 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,339,20
Better Option Option3-3
FAR LC
OBA
21%
0m2
VSC
RA
FAR LC
OBA
RA
VSC
Option3-6
FAR LC
OBA
35%
2
00m2
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.80 Lot coverage(LC): 0.37 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.15% Residential area(RA): 1,465,500 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,361,400m2
VSC
RA
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 2.84 Lot coverage(LC): 0.29 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 39.51% Residential area(RA): 764,332m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,115,300m2
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
179
5.4 SCENARIO 3 TESTING TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
Testing outcomes W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Option3-7
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.10 Lot coverage(LC): 0.31 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 39.21% Residential area(RA): 1,234,700 m2 Other building area(OBA): 818,287m2
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Option3-8
FAR OBA
LC
RA
VSC
Option3-10
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.53 Lot coverage(LC): 0.29 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.34% Residential area(RA): 1,415,600 m2 Other building area(OBA): 920,185m2
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.29 Lot coverage(LC):0.31 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 39.0 Residential area(RA): 1,263,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 913,977m
Option3-11
FAR LC
VSC
OBA
RA
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.84 Lot coverage(LC): 0.29 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 36.9 Residential area(RA): 1,421,700 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,115,200
Option3-9
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
02%
m2
FAR OBA
LC
VSC
RA
Option3-12
FAR LC
OBA
98%
0m2
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.30 Lot coverage(LC): 0.30 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.94% Residential area(RA): 1,263,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 859,903m2
VSC
RA
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.55 Lot coverage(LC): 0.34 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.68% Residential area(RA): 1,123,100 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,227,700m2
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
181
5.4 OPTIMISED OUTCOME FOR SCENARIO 3 TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
Testing outcomes comparison W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
wetland
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
green roof
0.39 UGF score 0
1
0.3 0.4 Standard domain
4.21 patch size
0
Patch size score
4 6 Standard domain
10
7.39 neighbour Neighbour score
10 6 8 Standard domain
0
4.00 core area Distance from core area score
5 2 4 0 Standard domain
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
amenity grass
woodland
LOCAL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
structure green
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
4.52 0
4 6 Standard domain
10
housing X m2 housing per person score
3.15 0
4 6 Standard domain
10
accessibility Accessibility score
4.73 0
Floor Area Ratio: 3.87 Lot Coverage: 0.35 Vertical Sky Component: 37.50% Residential Area: 1,154,800 m2 Amenity Area: 271,360 m2 Commercial Area: 233,243 m2 Mix-use Area: 834,567 m2 Green Area: 511,107 m2 Road Area:366,364 m2
4 6 Standard domain
10
green space X m2 green space per person
Total score 66.22 text
better data
text
normal data 183
5.5 SCENARIO 4 TESTING TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
Generation process W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Population 170,000 20
SCENARIO 4 Residential-led City
2
4
Commercial Residential Density Density (m2 per inhabitat)
1
2
Amenity Density (m2 per inhabitat)
30
40
Green Space Density (m2 per inhabitat)
Commercial Area Residential Area
Road Type Guide line with curve grid
Corridor
90
210
Corridor Ecological Patch
Residential Density (m2 per inhabitat)
50
Block Width (m)
Ecological Patch
Residential Area Attraction
Amenity Repulsion
Plot Width (m)
Road Offset (m)
30
12
Hub Radius (m)
Railway Raised Height (m
450
18
Road Network Generation
m)
Circles Generation Radius (m) 30
Residential Circle Radius (m)
Radius (m) 50
Commercial Circle Radius (m)
Outcomes
Radius (m) 50
Amenity Circle Radius (m)
4-1
Radius (m) 60
Green Space Circle Radius (m)
Radius (m)
Green Corridor Circle Radius (m)
15
Residential-led Land-use (%) 21.55%
9 21 30 6 18 24 45 60
80
Residential Mixused height
Commercial-led Land-use (%) 4.09%
15 24 45 6 20 40
90
Commercial Mixused height
6 15 30 45
60
Amenity Mix-used height
45 15 6 12 30 40
90
Flexible Mix-used height
Amenity-led Landuse (%) 5.03% Mix Land-use (%) 15.06%
Land Allocation
Building Generation 185
5.5 SCENARIO 4 TESTING TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
Testing outcomes W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Option4-1
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.78 Lot coverage(LC): 0.35 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.34% Residential area(RA): 1,218,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,345,500m2
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Option4-2
FAR OBA
LC
RA
VSC
Option4-4
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.39 Lot coverage(LC): 0.38 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 39.07% Residential area(RA): 1,107,500 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,179,700m2
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.21 Lot coverage(LC): 0.44 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.44 Residential area(RA): 1,458,300 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,381,200
Option4-5
FAR OBA
LC
VSC
RA
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.64 Lot coverage(LC): 0.31 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.1 Residential area(RA): 1,115,100 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,151,800
Better Option Option4-3
FAR LC
OBA
4%
0m2
VSC
RA
FAR LC
OBA
RA
VSC
Option4-6
FAR LC
OBA
16%
0m2
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.70 Lot coverage(LC): 0.41 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.74% Residential area(RA): 1,106,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,381,200m2
VSC
RA
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.82 Lot coverage(LC): 0.35 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.89% Residential area(RA): 1,295,100m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,284,400m2
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
187
5.5 SCENARIO 4 TESTING TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
Testing outcomes W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Option4-7
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.99 Lot coverage(LC): 0.39 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.12% Residential area(RA): 1,347,100 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,342,200m2
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Option4-8
FAR LC
OBA
RA
VSC
Option4-10
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.70 Lot coverage(LC): 0.42 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.74% Residential area(RA): 1,205,100 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,287,500m2
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.01 Lot coverage(LC):0.44 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.39 Residential area(RA): 1,353,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,342,200
Option4-11
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.87 Lot coverage(LC): 0.44 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.7 Residential area(RA): 1,226,800 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,381,700
Option4-9
FAR LC
OBA
VSC
RA
9%
0m2
LC
OBA
VSC
RA
Option4-12
FAR LC
OBA
75%
2
0m2
FAR
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.88 Lot coverage(LC): 0.43 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 36.99% Residential area(RA): 1,329,600 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,287,500m2
VSC
RA
Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.22 Lot coverage(LC): 0.30 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.44% Residential area(RA): 1,045,500 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,124,300m2
FAR LC
VSC
OBA
RA
189
5.5 OPTIMISED OUTCOME FOR SCENARIO 4 LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Testing outcomes comparison TTS
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
wetland
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
green roof
0.40 UGF score 0
1
0.3 0.4 Standard domain
4.21 patch size
0
Patch size score
4 6 Standard domain
10
7.35 neighbour Neighbour score
10 6 8 Standard domain
0
3.82 core area Distance from core area score
5 2 4 0 Standard domain
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
amenity grass
woodland
LOCAL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
structure green
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
4.26 0
4 6 Standard domain
10
housing X m2 housing per person score
2.91 0
4 6 Standard domain
10
accessibility Accessibility score
4.62 0
Floor Area Ratio: 3.80 Lot Coverage: 0.35 Vertical Sky Component: 37.34% Residential Area: 1,218,200 m2 Amenity Area: 331,061 m2 Commercial Area: 129,907 m2 Mix-use Area: 884,497 m2 Green Area: 498,825 m2 Road Area:366,364 m2
4 6 Standard domain
10
green space X m2 green space per person
Total score 67.17 text
better data
text
normal data 191
5.6 OPTIMISED OUTCOMES COMPARE TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
Final selection W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
67.48
Total score
0.4
UGF (weight 45%) Patch size (weight 10%)
0.44 4.21
4.21 7.44
Neighbour (weight 10%) Distance from core area (5%) X m2 housing per person (10%)
7.42
3.87
3.91
4.45
3.52
Accessibility (weight 10%) 2.72
2
X m green per person(10%) Floor Area Ratio Lot Coverage Vertical Sky Component
3.25
4.79 3 3.90
0.3 37%
37.8%
71.87
0.42
4
3
0.45
0.3
39%
37%
4.56 3.80 0.39 38.14%
Better options in different Scenarios
Scenario 1-5
Scenario 2-1
0
3
optimised option
standard domain
normal test data
text
text
biodiversity data
wellbeing data
67.17
66.22
4.21
4.21
7.39
7.35 3.82
3.74
4.26
4.00
0.45
0.3
39%
37%
6.0 4.0
4.62
4.73 3.87 37.34%
6.0 4.0
2.91
3.15 3
0.4 0.3 6.0 4.0 6.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 6.0 4.0
0.4
0.39
4
standard score 80 60
0.35
Scenario 3-5
4 0.45 39%
3 0.3 37%
4 3.80 0.35 37.50%
0.45 39%
Scenario 4-1 193
5.6 OPTIMISED OUTCOME ANALYSIS LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
Detailed Biodiversity data TTS
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
UGF
Individual test score andtest weights Individual score and weights UGF: 0.44 (weight 45%) Patch0.44 size:(weight 4.21 (weight UGF: 45%) 10%)(weight 10%) Patch size: 4.21 Neighbour: Neighbour: 7.42 7.42 (weight (weight 10%) 10%) Distance from from core core area: area: Distance 3.91 3.91 (weight (weight 5%) 5%)
Total Total Score Score 71.87 71.87
Patc
Urban Green Factor given by RIBA and recommended UGF score for residentialoriented development area is 0.3 to 0.4. It is calculated based on different coverage types.
woodland area: 476,125 m2 amenity grass area: 5,047 m2
experiment fields area: 118,555 m2
We calculate p according to its ave the total patch a
wetland area: 761,54 m2
green roof area: 173,334 m2
patch average area:1.05ha
ch size
patch size score erage dimension and area is 447,454 m2.
patch number 426
Neighbour
Distance from core area
We calculate patch neighbour score according to the average distance between two patches, the neighbour score in this project is 7.42
We calculate patch neighbour score according to the average distance between two patches, the neighbour score in this project is 7.42
700m 800m
test average neighbour distance: 769.86m
5km 3km preserved area
650m
700m
50m 20m
standard neighbour distance: 3km to 5km
5000m
3000m
standard neighbour distance: 1km to 5km
average neighbour distance: 672.27m
195
5.6 OPTIMISED OUTCOME ANALYSIS TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
Detailed wellbeing data W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
LOCAL P-34.34-3
TTS
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
X m2 housing per person average floor area per person: 25.16m2
Individual test score and weights
7m
2
X m housing per person: 4.52
(weight 10%) Accessibility: 3.25 (weight 10%) X m2 housing per person: 4.56 (weight 10%)
Total score: 71.87
10
m
7m
a five-people family
As the study in Social and Physical Environment impacts on mental wellbeing said, the crowded housing has adverse impacts on human.
A
Accessibility to green space average distance to green patch: 976 m
X m2 green space per person average green space per person: 10.94 m2
children/old 976
adults
m
30
0m
800 m
As the study in Social and Physical Environment impacts on mental wellbeing said, the accessibility to green space also has adverse impacts on human. But the ideal distance to green patch is 400m or 800m for old person and adults respectively.
According to guidance on the RIBA plan, the average green space per person is 9 m2, and the bigger the green place is, the possibility to lead a happy life is bigger.
197
6 COMMUNICAT PROP 0.3B
N-3.4
ANALYSE AND SHOW
ING OPTIMISED POSAL
WCASE THE FINAL OUTCOME FOR THE PROJECT
0.3B
N-3.4
6.1 OPTIMISED PROPOSAL- MASTER PLAN TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
Showcasing the connection with the context W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Smedley Rd
Lord St
Old Mount St
Sherratt Rochdale Rd
Oldham Rd
Monsall St
Queen Rd
Osborne St
Livesey St
t St
Final Option Readouts Residential Area (m2)
1,470,600
Commercial Area (m2)
217,261
Amenity Area (m2)
255,177
Mix-used Area (m2)
871,132
Green Space Area (m2)
447,454
Road Area (m2)
366,396
201
6.2 OPTIMISED PROPOSAL- MASTER PLAN ANALYSIS TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
Community and Green Area Analysis W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FUNCTION ANALYSIS
Residential Mix-used Commercial Mix-used Amenity Mix-used Flexible Mix-used
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
C P
W E P
GREEN SPACE ANALYSIS
25 0
m
Community
250m
Community 25
0m
Community m
250
Community
Community 25
0m
203
6.3 OPTIMISED PROPOSAL- VISUALISATION TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
Showcasing the whole spatial outcomes of the proposal W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
FIX
205
6.3 OPTIMISED PROPOSAL- VISUALISATION TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
FIX
Showcasing the building typology W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
Mix-used building Typology
Low-rise Residential Typology
Mid-rise Residential Typology
High-rise Residential Typology
Low-rise Amenity Typology
High-rise Commercial Typology
TTS
LOCAL P-34.34-3
CONTROL P-34.34-3
W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B
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Choose the time per
Daytime
Sun
riod of day you view
nset
Evening
Take a look at the experimental field of the urban forest
Have a walk on the highway parks
View green landscapes from the apartment
View your unique flat in the mixused building
Walk inside the various green landscapes
la t
View green andscapes from the apartment
Decide the plants of your small garden
Sitting at the lakeside viewing area
View the lakeside scene from the highway garden
Sitting at the lakeside viewing area
Have a walk in the lakeside park
Take a look at the experimental field of the urban forest
View green landscapes from the apartment
Walk inside the various green landscapes
Walk along the road to experience the various green landscapes
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PLEASE CLICK THE BUTTON PROPOSAL FOR THE NORT
BELOW TO VIEW OUR FINAL THERN GATEWAY PROJECT
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In conclusion, this tool and all the theories and strategies aimed to find a suitable w fragmentation challenges that could influence the residential's wellbeing and local tool, it can be concluded that the green-led scenario setting is the most suitable s Green Factor, which means the green infrastructure meets the requirement of th resident's wellbeing improvement. On the other hand, it achieves the highest score the resident's wellbeing while maintaining local biodiversity.
However, there are also some limitations. As the testing on our tool only focuses on and building heights, many variable factors can also influence the urban form an master plan as we want. Besides, the evaluation systems should consider the re outcome is suitable for the local situation or not.
Thus, based on all the outcomes and discussions above, here are some suggestion network in the future:
Applying the setting in a green-led scenario can lead to a green connected netw It is a good idea to apply UGF (Urban Green Factor) system to evaluate whether
A generative tool can help test whether the outcomes meet all kinds of urban p resident's thinking. Thus, combing the tool and some on-site survey methods migh
Finally, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the instructors of the guests and seniors for their help and suggestions. This makes us better complete th
LUSION
way to create a well-connected urban green space network to solve the landscape biodiversity. Based generation and evaluation of the four scenarios in our designed solution for our challenge. On the one hand, it has the highest score of the Urban he fast growing development of the area and brings enough green space for the e of the wellbeing and biodiversity evaluation systems which means it can improve
n some limited variables such as circles' attraction and repulsion, road parameters, nd planning. And the green network did not reach every residential block on the esident thinking by applying a questionnaire survey method to test whether the
ns that can help urban designers and planners to achieve a well-connected green
work, but we should consider more variables in the urban planning apart from that. your green infrastructure is suitable for the new development.
planning indicators to improve working efficiency, but it can not truly measure the ht be a better solution for future urban planning.
e CPU & Ai atelier, thank you for your guidance and education, and thank all the his stage of learn.
PERSONAL STATEMENT In this academic year's study, using Manchester's North Gateway as a carrier, we thought and learned about urban design from the perspective of the future city. In the previous architectural studies, most of us carried out architectural design based on our own concepts, but in this academic year, I learned to research and analyse existing theories and transform them into our own urban design Techniques to achieve our goals. This kind of theory may not only be limited to the field of urban design or architectural design, multi-dimensional and multi-field thinking has also broadened our knowledge. In the process of transforming the theory into our own city generation and evaluation tool, I have also completed the study of many architecture-related software. We have learned to use a variety of generative software and logic to complete our design goals. These are things that we could not Menghan Chen accomplish before this year's study. I am also very grateful to the instructors and faculty who have helped us. We also better understand what kind of help that parametric design can bring to architects, not only to improve, but also to help us obtain more possibilities to evaluate the best solution for our design goals. I believe that this concept will have a great impact and benefit on our future careers. In the study of studio3, I also improved my ability to display the projects, and displayed the design results in a variety of ways, which benefited me a lot.
In the studio work, I learned that how to find problems, how to tackle them and how to evaluate the result whether it could solve the problems. This is architecture logic and this could help me think the design process in every project. Besides, I also know what’s the ABM, circle parking, ecological corridor and etc. Finally, learning how to work with my team members in the whole process is the most important thing that I have got.
Jiao Xie
Junjie Su
Siyu Xie
As for me, this year is full of mindset training and software improvement. First of all, the method we apply in the whole year studio is completely different from what l have learned in my bachelor's degree in China. We are encouraged to use computational thinking and methods to design and build a tool to plan an urban area in a parameterized way. During the whole process, l have learned a lot about various urban planning theories such as complex adaptive systems and patch dynamic and urban planning strategies. One of the essential things and training is applying and transforming the theories and strategies into the design tool to help solve the site's challenges. Although this period was challenging and rack my brains, it did help me to set up a new urban planning mindset and workflow, which is helpful for personal development. Besides, l also learned a lot about the design software, such as many plugins in grasshopper, which can help improve the design efficiency and Unity, improving the interaction between user and designer. All in all, this year has changed me a lot.
Experience in studio CPU & Ai gives me a totally different architectural training compared with what I have got before. It teaches me how to develop structured thinking in design process i.e. I need to rationally measure all the decisions I make in the design process. What are the reasons? What are the pros and cons? What is the connection between the different elements?What is the logical framework and hierarchy of the design? It makes me realize that design is not just about pure aesthetics. In studio 3, I have also learned how complex an urban design can be. The challenges of urban development come from many aspects, and there are many elements to consider in each aspect. Therefore, I need to read a lot of theories and researches to build my own knowledge system and put forward my own design ideas. This process was very difficult but nevertheless, it still benefited me a lot. At the same time, computational design software skills and computational thinking are also developed, which assist my design projects.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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