Outline.................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Tools of Dementia & Alzheimer’s.....................................................................................3 Summary............................................................................................................................................................ 9 Button & Switch Recognition............................................................................................... 10 Product Stylization............................................................................................................................... 11 Dexterity Issues.......................................................................................................................................... 12 Audio...................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Ergonomic Design (Specifically Hands)............................................................... 18 Tactile Cues................................................................................................................................................... 20 Magnification/Projection & Visual Impairment...................................... 22 Relative Examples................................................................................................................................ 26 Information from Diabetes Forum................................................................................ 27 Independent living............................................................................................................................. 28
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LIAM WARD
A couple of prints from furums and information about the relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
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Tools of Dementia/ Alzheimers
After finding out that dementia and Alzheimer's disease were major compounding factors when designing for indepentence I looked to see what was already on the market.
The concepts behind this devise are directly transerable to a divice that would be used for dispensing insulin and other diabetes specific medication.
Firstly it is important to lock the devise. As we have learned from talking with Caroline Taking medication correctly and at the Dunstan (Diabetic Specialist Nurse) many correct time is important in managing complications can arrise from people a number of conditions and supporting forgetting to take their medication, or independence. forgetting they've taken it and taking it again. The latter applies to the importance of limiting This device can be preloaded with 4 daily dispenses for up to 1 week or 2 daily dispenses medication accessability. for 2 weeks. It has an audio visual alert with the alarm sounding for 30 minutes and a flashing LED on the upper surface. It is locked after loading and the medication can only be accessed for each of the time periods. When the dispenser is turned upside down to release the contents the alarm will then be cancelled.
The device despenses medication at timed intervals and gives an alarm when the medication is required. If the device is not operated properly, which in turn would not dispense the medication, the alarm contunues. If the alarm is not stopped it alerts other people (family or care workers) who then make a phone call to the person. If the phone call is unsuccessful a visit is made to the property. This alarm system increases in severity as time goes on. This is a great way of managing a condition without constant intervention, which is one of the criteria of the pen station project.
Ideally, this type of device needs to be introduced early so that a pattern of behaviour is established to reinforce its use.
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Medication Events Monitoring Systems medicine bottle caps from Aardex Group feature microchips that record each time a MEMS bottle is opened and closed, as well as the date and time that occurs. The MEMS caps are then set into a reader, which transfers the information into a computer. Information is viewed either online via the Internet platform ViewCompliance, or offline through PowerView software. The information is then displayed in graphical form.
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The MD.2 from e-Pill is a stationary device that acts as a reminder, organizer and dispenser of pills. (Diet Coke can not included.) The device also monitors whether users are adhering to their medication schedule. Notifications are either immediately transmitted to a home health care monitoring service via computer, or to designated caregivers by phone after 90 minutes have lapsed without the user taking the medication.
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The Med-eMonitor from InforMedix features an alert system, pill organizer and monitoring system to track whether users are adhering to their medication regimen. The system is connected to a telephone line, which allows the device to transmit and receive information.
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Manage your medication routine the easy way
Never miss an appointment
Sonamba’s medication reminders are the perfect solution for anyone who takes medications each day. Simply enter your medication schedule into Sonamba, and it will remind you at each dosage time. Sonamba can keep track of as many medications as you need, making it the easiest way to manage a complex dosage schedule.
Sonamba’s easy-to-use scheduler helps you manage important dates, from birthday parties and bridge games to trips to the doctor. You can even set up recurring appointments, so you can stop marking dates on the calendar months in advance.
For caregivers, you’ll gain the peace of mind that comes from knowing that all medications are being taken on time. In the event that a dosage is missed, you’ll get a text message or email, so that you can follow up with your loved ones.
For caregivers, you’ll gain the peace of mind of knowing your parents are keeping their appointments, a good indicator of mental health. If an appointment is missed, you’ll get a text message, so you can call your loved ones to check in. Caregivers can remotely change medication With its familiar alarm clock and snooze button and calendar reminders. interface, you’ll find adding appointments to Sonamba easy and fun. And if you miss an Caregivers can remotely edit and add appointment, Sonamba will gently remind you medication and calendar reminders using every 15 minutes. the Sonamba iPhone app or the MySonamba web portal.
Keeping track of medications can be stressful, and missing even one dose can have consequences. Let Sonamba worry about the medication schedule, so seniors and caregivers alike can relax.
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The Cadex 速 reminds the user with a repeated 'beep' when he or she has to take medication or what he or she has to do at pre-programmed times.
As an increasing number of baby boomers find that their parents need help with the crucial task of managing medication, technology is lending a hand.
This is basically a glorified digital watch. The benefits of this device though are that it has a digital scrolling read out that can be programed to give any message. This could be programmed with a message from a loved one to highten the users interactive experience wth the device.
This Pager Vibrating Medication Reminder from e-Pill tells people when to take their medication. The device can be set with up to 12 alarms, including a vibrating notification. The device is similar in size to traditional pagers and can be placed in a purse or attached to a belt.
Both of these benefits are transferable to the diabetic pen station. However, I have later learned that these are compounding issues that aren't coverable within the time frame I have available. To persue these to their logical conclusion would warrent an entirely new project.
The other clear benefit of this watch is that it will remind the user even when they are out of audio-visual range of the despenser itself, which is likely to be the case on many occasion.
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Most medication timers are limited to four daily alerts (or even fewer). But medication schedules can get more complicated than that. If you take pills five, six, even seven times a day, and are struggling to stay on schedule , this is the reminder for you! Its beeping/ vibrating alarm will alert you to take meds up to seven times a day. Plus, it organizes the pills so you know what to take when. And it automatically keeps track when you miss a dose.
Because the "NEXT ALARM" prominently indicates your next pill-taking time, you're never left wondering when meds are due. Missed pills (those not taken within an hour of the scheduled time) are also flagged, so you can tell at a glance whether you've missed a dose and which one.
The Medication reminder/timer comes nestled into a gasketed VitaCarry. The gasket provides air- and water-tight protection for your vital medications. And the timer can be removed Best of all, you get all this capability in a timer/ and slipped into a pocket or purse for easy dispenser that is straightforward and easyportability. to-operate. Have you ever stopped using a product because you lost the instructions and Key Features of the Advanced Medication couldn't figure out how it worked? That won't Reminder System happen with the VitaCarry Reminder. Controls are clearly labeled and intuitive. Set it once # Consider all this reminder/organizer system or twice, and you'll have the drill down-pat. has to offer: full gasket protection to prevent Which is good, because you have enough oxidation and maintain medication potency, complexity elsewhere in your life - you don't # safety release latch (provides simple, need a timing aid that adds more! effortless release, plus secure locking) # scratch-resistant lens on the VitaCarry, The VitaCarry Reminder system puts you in control of your medication schedule. Clock time and next alarm time are always displayed.
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a convenient backlight for easy night time viewing, up to seven daily reminders audible and visual reminder, optional "silent" vibration alarm, one-touch acknowledgment, missed-pill functionality removable timer and separate organizer, and FDA-grade plastic.
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Tabtime : Original Electronic Daily Medication Reminder Pill & Medication management timer & reminder Up to 8 Audio & Visual alerts per day Fully flexible alarms at the exact time you require Set it & Forget it, Tabtime remembers your chosen settings every day Easy to operate & change settings Choice of tones, volume & operating mode Carries up to 32 tablets Elegant & Stylish Fits easily into pocket or purse
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Vibrating Alarm Watch For Your Wrist A vibrating alarm watch is perfect for the hearing impaired or for those that need to take their medications on a regular basis for example. This is quite a 'space aged' design for a reminder watch. It will certatinly grab the attention of the wearer and with a clear readout will be easy to see what needs to be done. Could also have a voice prompt, recorded by a loved one for example. Image below shows fire alarm, but could easily be for medication.
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Summary
I did spend a little time designing with the inclusion of these additional factors. The design is a time-locked needle dispenser with the added benefits of the original pen station. Once I found out that these were additional factors to the existing project and off on a whole other brach of research I ceased design work and focussed on the dexterous issues, not the cognitive.
They are however in my mind and as this The large screen on the front of the device project matures so the areas of research and would act two fold. First it would portray text in design shall widen. either very large, scolling fashion, or would be smaller but the large screen would be able to Below you can see some design work on incorporate many words. a form of a device that would incorporate digital technology to remind an individual to It would be touch screen, always indicating where to touch and when through flashing take their medication. text etc. It would be capable of displaying images that are familiar to a patient like family, scenery, or any other image that they might like associated with the task of calibrating and administering insulin. It could be the friendly face of the nurse who would otherwise be there. If this is an avenue of research and design that needs to be explored at a later date I will look at incorporating live video feed technology so that even a family member can be on hand to check everything runs smoothly.
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Button and Switch Recognition
The touch-sensitive buttons glow in a seductive blue on this set of wireless speakers. The other images are examples of what glowing/illuminated buttons and switches might look like, showcasing different colours and shapes that could possibly be used. The glowing nature of these butons would be beneficial in this project for a number of reasons: The seductive colours (doesn't have to be blue) beckon the user to interact with the product. This is a possitive effect of a technology that might otherwise alienate older generations.
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The inclusion of some sort of alarm system was considered as a possibility for a medical device in the diabetic area. If I was to develop such a product it would invariably need some form of visual alert, as well as an audible alarm, to tell the user it is time to take their medication. Instead of seperate flashing LED lights of similar, the visual alert could be an integarl part of the whole system. These lights would therefore be very suitable for this task.
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For patient with either poor dexterity, cognitive abilities, or both, these illuminated buttons would serve multiple functions. They would function as a reminder as to which button needs to be pressed (cognitive) and for people with poor eyesight they would act as a guide as to where the button is located. The buttins could be shaped for a tactile guide also.
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Existing Product Stylization
This is a design for a set of outdoor speakers. I now they're irrelevant as a product, but they hold attractive qualities as far as product design go, with clean lines and interesting functionality. I think that this style of design is suitable across a range of design disipline, and if a medical product was designed in this fashion it would have appeal. Clinical colouration and touchable curves give this concept a high level of attraction.
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As with the outdoor lighting, this alarm-clock/ radio combination has an attraction for the same reasons. Smooth curves, interesting holes which are non uniform and a glowing blue digital read out make this product unique. As far as alarm-clock/radios go, I find it too plastic looking and clinical, therefore don't really like it, but these a reasons why it would make a good medical product. The illuminated screen could easily be used as a reminder for patients to take meication.
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As with the other products I have looked at this product is less about its functionality and more about it's aesthetic. A camera for the blind, the outer case is made from soft curves and tactile surfaces. Simplicity is key factor when designing for visully impared people because their sense of touch is their way of exploring a discovering how a product works. If it is overcomplicated by switches and edges then it becomes more of a chore and product complience drops.
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Dexterity Issues nosebleed clamp As design feedback has shown, one of the main problems areas to look at solving is that of the needle lids. They are difficult enough to remove with two working hands and eyes. Now imagine trying to perform this task with one hand tied behind your back and a patch over your dominant eye.
This has been the angle of approach to the project. The process that was undertaken came to the logical conclusion of some kind of tweezers as an aid to removing the lid. This would make removal of the lids much easier. It would be beneficial if the tweezers had some kind of grip-tight closing mechanism so that they didn't need gripping so tightly.
Problem: Severe nose bleeds are hard to control, especially in children or older people who cannot grip the bridge of their nose firmly for long enough. This means A&E staff have to physically hold the patient's nose for up to 15 minutes. Solution: A sterile 76p cushioned plastic clip, with ten adjustment points to fit individual noses. Eureka moment: The RhinoPinch was launched this April, after Dr Akuafo Agbenyega devised it while working in A&E. It was based on a conventional clothes peg, says Dr Agbenyega, 36, a clinical teaching and research fellow in A&E at Ayr Hospital. A peg would pinch too hard and is not sterile, so he first tried using a broken wooden tongue depressor, placing the rounded ends over the bridge of the nose and tightening it with a rubber band - he then took the idea to a manufacturer.
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This adaptable cutting board can be used to slice and grate food or hold mixing and salad bowls. Designed for one-handed use, with stainless steel food spikes and a vice to hold objects. The vice holds food for one-handed cutting, and can also be used to hold jars while opening lids.
Cut and prepare food on the polyethylene waterproof cutting board. Aluminium food Spread condiments easier with this easy-to- spikes hold food for safe cutting. clean plastic holder. Four rubber suction feet anchor the board securely to the surface, and two polyethylene Non-slip feet and a downward curved lip food guards prevent food from sliding off the keep the Spreadboard securely in place. board. Bread holder is ideal for one-handed use.
Top rack dishwasher safe.
Rubber suction feet secure the board to surfaces. Clean dish with soap and water.
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Durable board has rounded edges and is easy to clean. Dishwasher safe.
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This kettle tipper allows the safe and steady pouring of hot liquids without lifting any weight. It is suitable for most types of teapot or electric kettle and comes with a Velcro strap for added security. Made completely from plastic, it is lightweight and corrosion resistant. Suitable for use with cordless kettles.
Designed specifically for the use with jug Plastic device to assist in turning taps, knobs kettles, this sturdy wire tipper makes it safe and and keys. easy to pour water. Hold your kettle securely in Features a cradle and pivots gently to pour without the need to lift. Not suitable for cordless kettles. • angled handle • spring-loaded plastic pins which, when pushed against an object, retract, copying the form to provide a grip.
When using the tipper with a cordless kettle, especially a jug kettle, for extra safety, it is recommended that a tipper stabilizer base is used.
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May be suitable for gas fire, cooker, water or radiator knobs, or for turning keys or over tightened wing nuts.
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Powered grater. Battery operated. Dishwasher safe except for power head.
Wooden board.
Worktop clamp for holding jars or bottles, leaving the user's hands free to open the top.
Features
Features
Features
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ABS, polycarbonate and stainless steel construction. push-button operation. interchangeable blades for fine and coarse cut. collection chamber.
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slip-resistant base. • stainless steel spikes to hold bread whilst • cutting and two raised angled borders to hold slice of bread while spreading.
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plastic clamp with slip-resistant base plastic ram with padded 'T' shaped end
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Table top device which grips the base of jars and bottles while the user turns the top. Comprises moulded plastic unit with slip-resistant base and three different sized inverted rubber cones which grip round containers. Suitable for one-handed users or those with reduced grip.
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Moulded plastic device designed for opening bottles. Comprises a plastic collar with internal high friction cone and handle for additional leverage.
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Opener with small circular gripping surface which is used to open fizzy drink bottle sized lids. Comprises slip-resistant plastic handle which extends to form a lever for opening. Handle also incorporates a bottle opener and notch which can be used for releasing ring pull seals and vacuum sealed containers.
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Audio Talking thermometer which can be attached to spatula or fork. Range of languages available. Fork and spatula dishwasher are safe; probe should be cleaned with a wet cloth and soap. Powered by two batteries. Features
Microwave with speaking controls and reminders. Instructions are available in large print and tape. A talking microwave recipes audio tape is also available. Features
• • * large backlit LCD display which shows the • temperature • * synthesised voice which announces the degree of cooking for example 'Rare' or 'Well • Done'
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a tactile wipe-clean keypad. rotating turntable. talking clock. adjustable speech volume and independent talking timer. choice of 'basic' operation by selecting power level and time, or 'programmed' operation by selecting cook or defrost, food type and weight. spoken requests include to stir or turn food during cooking, to leave food to stand after cooking, to alert user when door is open or closed, confirmation of functions selected and time remaining.
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Talking kitchen timer and clock. The remaining time is announced every hour and every minute from ten minutes, every ten seconds from one minute, and every second from ten seconds before sounding the alarm at zero. Features • • • • •
LCD screen. button operated functions. time announcement in a female synthetic voice. timer countdown from 23 hour, 59 minutes and 59 seconds. range of six different alarm sounds.
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Ergonomic Design "Whatever you are designing, it MUST fit the end user." (Ryan, 2001) In this case I will be designing for a user group that will be using their hands exclusively. In many cases, the end user will be using only one hand. The shape/form/silhouette of the object that will be final should be both comfortable for the hand to rest against and not offensive or suprising in any way. Once you close your eyes your other sences are hightened to compensate. This includes your sense of touch.
Close you eyes and feel around on the desk or table in front of you. If you touch an object with sharp corners or a rough texture your natural reaction is to recoil as if that object might pose a threat. This first impression then stays with you untill you unlearn that initial reaction you had towards that object. I need to avoid those negative first impressions, and the best way to do that is with a product that is pleasant to the touch, something designed for the hands.
The objects shown below are examples of design that is aimed at comfort for the end user. Existing technology has been taken and an ergonomic design approach has been applied. The end result is a product that performs as well as it did, but has been given the added value of hightened comfort for the end user. This design came from the issue of repetative strain injury from office workers using a mouse for too long. The designs show smooth, flowing curves and obvious rest point for the hand.
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Dali's cutlery set designer's own words: Knife fork and spoon, exploration of ergonomics. Hand forged from aluminum.
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This patented line of ergonomic pens and writing instruments are designed to adapt to the contour of the hand, thus alleviating stresses normally observed with a standard writing instrument. The natural weight of the writer's hand provides sufficient pressure to apply ink to the paper. This eliminates the need to grip the pen allowing the thumb and forefinger to serve merely as guides. The PenAgain™ may help alleviate the symptoms of writers cramp, carpal tunnel syndrome, calluses and arthritis.
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Thank goodness for ergonomics! The science that keeps our seats comfortable and our cabinets at the right height, is also a huge factor in pen design. Few examples are as striking as the Jean Pierre Lepine creation called “The Free Ride�. This $140 pen looks almost too ergonomic to be comfortable for anyone who has a hand that lies outside the most average size. The pendragon is no different, as its curve is visually appealing, but also odd and uncomfortable looking.
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Tactile Cues (Case Study T400 Laptop Touch Pad) January 21st 2011 Lenovo's T400s Tactile Cue Feature Touchpad texture has gone relatively unnoticed in the world of ThinkPad design, and perhaps the industry in general. TrackPoint fans still wonder why we include a pad at all, and would not likely contemplate the advantage a texture could create for those who use them. If you are a pad user you know that the feel of the pad and the boundries of the pad are both important considerations. No pad user wants to look to find the pad, they want to feel it while looking at the screen. The desire to thin down the T400s required us to use a totally flush pad. That means no raised borders to define the active area. We were literally on the hunt for fractions of a millimeter. Even the X300 pad was allowed to be recessed by a fraction of a millimeter. This flush requirement neccesitated that we needed to create a new tactile means of locating the pad and its boundries.
The square Tenji block system was invented in Japan by Seiichi Miyake in 1965 and first used in Okayama City in 1967. The oblong raised pattern indicate places, and in what direction, it is safe to walk confidently. The “warning” blocks with the round raised dots indicate edges, corners or other places where greater care or caution is required. The tactile cues developed for these unique blocks help everyone stay clear of train platform edges, crosswalk dropoffs, and other related hazzards. Sighted or not, it’s really quite amazing how well these blocks work. You can easily discern the difference without looking.
We studied a tremendous number of seemingly identical design variants of the dotted texture before we decided on the final version. Bumps varied by diameter, height, spacing, gloss, and even hardness. One test was to compare the surrounding palmrest texture to the pad samples to ensure that you could detect when your fingers moved beyond the pad boundries. We always did this with our eyes closed and then open. We also wanted to make certain the texture was pleasing to touch and look at.
One of inspirations was the innovative yellow paving blocks used in Japanese train stations and sidewalks to guide or warn visually impaired pedestrians. Every time I visit Japan I am intrigued by these blocks.
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As the product got closer to release we were also able to test the texture with multiple users for extended periods of time. They were able to detect the border easily and often commented that the subtle texture gave them a sense of precision as they moved their finger across the pad. The bumps provide indication of distance travelled and speed of movement. We found this effect to be of particular interest with multitouch gesture input.
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I hope you liked reading about how Lenovo developed the new touchpad texture, and that you like the resulting design. I intend to keep sharing stories like this one about how we created the T400s design updates. Keep watching Design Matters for updates over the next few weeks. See all @ lenovo.com
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Lenovo include very in depth research to find the best possible type of markings and texture to use on their product. The way texture is used as a guidance tool for navigating even while the user is looking elsewhere is something that is transferable to the products I am designing where tactility is a necessary part of the navigation process for the end user. I shall look to incorporate these principals.
LIAM WARD
Audio/Visual Magnification/ Projection as a Responce to Visual Imparement
One of the key compounding issues raised when tackling this breif was that of short sightedness or even blindness. "Retinopathy is a general term that refers to some form of non-inflammatory damage to the retina of the eye. Frequently, retinopathy is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease, a cause of poorly managed diabetes" (Kloferman, 2001)
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The meetings that were had with community and district nurses and especially with diabetic specialty nurse brought thse issues to light as being one of the main reasons that they have to visit patients on a daily basis.
This rigid plastic magnifying sheet gives a convenient and inexpensive way of reading large areas of print.
I took suggestions that were made in the meetings and looked further into them.
* Size 255 x 182mm (10 x 7")
Sold as a pair.
Initial thought turned to magnifying lenses of sorts on a stand. That semed a little archaic and I was certain we could fathom a more technologically advanced sollution.
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For a device to be usable by people who are visually impared it cannot have large, complex components that need adjusting, focussing and setting up. Below is an image of a microscopic digital camera.All this has to do is pick up images of the readout on the pen, and pass the information on to the projector.
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This micro video camera provides 480 interlaced lines of full color analog motion video at a frame rate of 30fps. Video is transmitted over a 5.8Ghz wireless connection, and can be captured by a recording device connected to the base station and/or handheld controller.
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The World's Smallest Video Camera for endosocpes. The outer diameter size of this recently announced revolutionary disposbale camera is only 1.2mm x 5mm long and it by far the smallets video camera in the world. The camera, which is based on an adavanced CMOS image sensor, offers high performance at a low cost and combines superb sensitivity, resolution and dynamic sensitivity.
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Micro Projector’s are said to be the new must have gadget but they haven’t been here all that long – there’s been a rumble in the gadget market in the last 12 months, almost out of no-where small handheld projectors started to be released, starting with the 3M Mpro which was swiftly followed by a number of other manufacturers such as Optima and WowWee. They have been a long time in the making, with 10 years of miniturising and compacting the technology and other developments such as brighter, better lasting LED’s, smaller memory and video processors but finally a product that is capable of producing projected images of up to 40+ inch’s on any near-by wall is now available in the palm of your hand, quite literally.
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Designed for integration into virtually any mobile platform and now available to manufacturers, the company's LED-illuminated projection engine is capable of throwing a 40-inch or larger VGA image from an ultracompact module that's less than half an inch thick. The miniature projector boasts a highquality image with no-speckle and a high-fill using an advanced liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) electronic imager in conjunction with proprietary 3M optics technology.
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The round design opens to reveal the micro projector which makes use of LED light to beam images or video up to 60 Inches onto your wall. The device utilizes Apple’s video input socket to easily connect to any MacBook, as well as harboring a composite video input to link directly to iPods and iPhones. While the images below are merely concepts, I must say that I would gladly see this come into existence.
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Reading very big book references or novels will take a long time. Because of that problem a smart designer Qu Xinbo has invented a smart device dubbed as Help Readers. This device will help reading become more efficient. The device has a scan screen wherein this screen will scan all text in book and convert it into audible media. As audio output that will tell the content of the book to the reader two sides of speakers have been included on it. The device that looks like a pen has linked deduction that can be used to link it into the user's pocket, so that this portable handy device will be easy to be carried everywhere.
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This is a greatr device in that it turns read text into audio.
I will be exploring to a greater extent in phase two of the project.
This is an area that we were very keen to explore because it can be irectly applied to our isues. In fact, at the communtiy nureses monthly meeting it was pointed out that the dream device to tackle the issues raised in this project would be one that spoke the calibrated numbers to the patient.
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Examples of Relevant Innovations
The following pages are form a journal called:
MediSign Delft - Products in Health care They outline innovations that have come out of the Delft University of Technology in Holland. accessed - 03.02.2011
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Diabetic Blog Research (Accessed 5.1.11)
In order to gauge the habits and attitude of people with diabetes towards the changing of the disposable needle I looked on a blog site from a great website called tudiabetes.com This site contains great first hand information straight from the people with diabetes about every aspect good and bad of the condition. The blog is in response to the question: How often do you change the needle on your pens?
It's clear to see from the blog that most people already change their needles afert every injection regardless of how many times a day they need to inject. Those that don't, should, and are advised to by the website's administrator.
This information can be translated into the design process by altering the number of units a diabetic aid device can house, looking at the sustainability of existing systems, and looking at redesigning existing packaging to encorporate a new deliver method. This is in itself a large, seperate project and after existing ideas are concluded this could be a valid path for the next phase of the design process.
See Annex - 'Changing needles on your pen'
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In relation to the design work that I am currently doing it is important to see how many times people change their needles.
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Independent living The following pages are from Tremorvah Industries independant living catalogue. They outline what's available and I have highlighted relevant sections. accessed - 24.01.2011
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Materials
I take a look at materials suitable for a medical device. Injection moulded plastic.
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