Design Statement 23rd January 2008
thinking...
contents 1.
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Introduction Shanghai The Brief Design Ambitions
4.
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The Site Historical Context Site Context Aerial View Site Analysis Transportation Links Site Photos Contextual Studies Proposed Transportation Hub Proposed New Bund Proposed Bund Tunnel The Old City Xin Tian Di The Bund Pu Dong Expo 2010 Urban Grain Urban Grain Analysis Design Development River Skyline Computational Design Studies Massing Exploration
6.
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Concept Urban Strategy Concept Sketches The Scheme Concept Plan Proposed Site Plan Proposed Floor Plans Proposed Sections Exploded Axonometric Area Schedule Photo Montages Concept Images Sustainability Environmental Consideration Tower Study Scheme Development Stage 1 Scheme Development Stage 2 Scheme Development Stage 3 Scheme Development
...we do it differently
Introduction... The Brief
1
Introduction Shanghai
Design Ambitions
Shanghai, the ‘City on the Sea’ nicknamed Shen, lies in the Yangtze River Delta at the point where China’s main waterway completes its 5,500km journey to the Pacific.
3DReid and Ballymore have visited the site on six separate occasions during the design and research process, meeting with local officials and representatives of the planning department. The research and design development has been undertaken in partnership with Shanghai Institute of Architectural Design & Research (SIADR) whose experience and knowledge of the site has been invaluable in creating a design solution.
Pier 16 is the gateway to Shen, the city that has emerged to become the largest city of the People’s Republic of China and the tenth largest city in the world. Holding a central role in China’s modern economy, Shanghai is also an important cultural, commercial, financial and industrial centre as well as being one of the world’s busiest ports and the largest cargo port in the world.
The Brief Site Description: > Land area: 61,238 sqm / 6.1238 hectares (600m length facing The Huangpu
River) > Located on Zhongshan No 2 East Road and bounded by Zhonghua Road to the >
> > >
East, Longtan Road to the North and Dongmen Road to the South. Along the Eastern side lies the proposed New Bund (land area = 30,000 sqm, c. 600m long) and extension of the existing Bund (c. 1000m long) with a view of Huangpu River and Pu Dong where the Jin Mao tower and Shanghai World Financial Centre are located. On the Western side is the Old City where the 1000 year-old Chenxiangge Temple and Yu Garden are located On the Northern side is the New Interchange Train Station On the Southern side are the residential towers, Jiushi Tower and Bank of Shanghai office tower. Topography: flat Project Brief:
> Master plan scheme for a mixed-use development of retail, offices, serviced > > > >
apartments and a hotel. Development area above ground to be less than 270,000 sqm. Tallest building to be less than 180m high, building height increases from north to south. To integrate the proposed design with the new Bund and The New Transportation Hub. To utilise fully 50,000 tourist and 100 Tour Buses parked on the existing site.
The team are seeking to create a scheme which both complements and enhances the existing scene, with respect for the historical context but also promoting the principles of modern sustainable development. The ambition is to design a quality development with a distinctive identity but providing a visual and physical connection with the Old City. The new urban plan must seek to connect seamlessly into the surrounding development and present a strong positive statement to the river and Pu Dong. World class design and use of materials of the highest quality will reinforce the iconic status of one of the most important sites in Shanghai. The new urban plan will have clearly defined pedestrian and vehicular circulation, whilst maintaining the visual permeability of the site from Pu Dong to the old city. The importance of the Bund and its existing skyline cannot be underestimated and the new hierarchy of blocks and towers will compliment and enhance the skyline. The articulation of massing will seek to provide a strong statement for the site whilst integrating with existing riverfront architecture. In developing a clear plan of streets and squares, the integrated mix of uses will seek to provide a dynamic and interactive environment. Open space and public amenity will determine the development of the built environment and will be one of the key drivers in the urban space planning. Well planned landscape, including leisure areas and gardens, are integral to this open space strategy and will be accessible at all levels of the development. The use of natural light and shading will also be a fundamental driver in the determination and use of public spaces. In relation to back of house, servicing and car parks, the objective is to integrate and contain these elements so as to minimise the impact on pedestrian flows and permeability, removing barriers to connections where possible. In summary, the ambition is to deliver world class architecture in a masterplan that provides a new exciting city quarter that respects the sites historical context and is both ethical and sustainable in its conception.
The Site... Historical Context Site Context Aerial View
Site Analysis Transportation Links Site Photos
2
Historical Context > 15th century
Shanghai began life as a ‘secluded place’, at times no more than a fishing village whose inhabitants traveled no further than the neighbouring provinces. From these humble beginnings it grew to become a large town and a place of some importance, celebrated for its ‘press of business’ and its sea port. By the end of the fifteenth century Shanghai was a culturally rich centre and place of some renown with poets, musicians, scholars and politicians. > 19th century
The growth of Shanghai to become a significant trading and cultural centre inevitably attracted unwelcome attention from Japanese forces in collusion with Chinese pirates who regularly plagued the coast, attacking with increasing frequency through the sixteenth century and sacking villages and towns across the region, looting, raping and killing. In 1553, following an attack in which the town was fired and razed to the ground, the residents contributed generously to the construction of a city wall to offer protection against further attacks. The city wall was the largest physical change to affect Shanghai until the mid-nineteenth century.
the walled city
shanghai 1853 - chinese, french, british and american settlement
> 20th century
The strategic position of Shanghai at the mouth of the Yangtze River made it important for trade, particularly with the west. Following the Opium Wars and temporary British control of Shanghai, the port was opened to international trade leading to significant influence from western culture. In 1949 the People’s Liberation Army took control of Shanghai from the Japanese and many foreign businesses relocated from Shanghai to Hong Kong. During the Cultural Revolution Shanghai maintained high economic productivity and relative social stability, ultimately advancing to become the international force in business and finance it is today.
shanghai 1931 - regional development
shanghai 1926 - map of land values
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Site Context sichuan road north
CHENG DU NORTH
legend: major office hubs
jiading district
major retail areas major luxury residential areas
major office & retail areas
ROA
nanjing road east
D
zhabei district
major office, luxury residential & retail areas main roads
the bund
D
ROA JING NAN
jingan district
district
lujiazui CBD
H U
people’s square
AN
G
nanjing road west
m 00
10
changning district
pudong new district
d nr na ya nel tun
huaihai rd. & xintiandi
site
PU
pudong riverside
R
IV
ER
m
00
10
OLD CITY
huangpu district
m
0 00
1
hongqiao
WEST
ai huain
huashan road
CEN
N YAN’A
al centr d roa
ROAD
L TRA
m
00
10
ING
ON
ZH
NGQ
gubei
m
00
D ROA
HA
GS
20
N
xuhui district
ST
WE
A RO 1 .
AD
RO
xujiahui
H UT
N SHA ONG
ZH
luwan district
CHO
fuxing
SO
NO
D
fuxi n tun g rd nel
pudong riverside
N
Transportation Links to ards tow ict r Dist
legend: underground rail line 2
bei Zha
proposed underground rail main road traffic tunnel
F
proposed traffic tunnel pedestrian tunnel proposed ferry route major ferry route
M
tow
ard
s to toward g District nin g n a Ch
ngji
s to toward
B
bus stop
F
ferry wharf
F
proposed ferry wharf
ang
n
o Tow
Jinqia
PUDONG NEW DISTRICT
F
93k 302 m to S u km to N zhou anj ing
F
M H
B
U
AN
G
tict
s to
Zha
THE BUND
proposed underground station
d towar
s to
site
Dis Jingan
PU
F
R
IV
ER
m 000
1
B OLD CITY
n
0m
rd wa
B M
m
km
174
to
iao
gQ
s
ard
tow
on to H
rds towa
hui
to Xu
ict Distr
HUANGPU DISTRICT
40 k Pu m to do ng Sha Int ngh ern ai ati on al A
i gha e han t to S Expo si 0m 500 World 0 201
u
zho
w To
to
0 100
g Han
o
st
100
ghai Shan rt o t 16km iao Airpo q Hong
n Na
irp
ort
Aerial View
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Site Analysis
N sun path
residential towers
jiushi headquaters
N G M E D O N
office tower
D R O A Y
route ondary
A
N
old city G S
sec
H
U
O R
N G F E
J I N
D
A D R O
dary
secon
new
route
alison tower
the site
rive
rsid
ec
ent
site
re
bou
nda
ry l
ine L O
new
bun
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R
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out
yr dar
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n eco
pri
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ma
s
Z H O
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T A
ry
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rou
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te
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S H A N
new N 0 2
tran
spo
E A S T
R O
gu cheng park U
A
rtat
R
ion
O
A
D
hub
A D N RE
M
IN
RD
prim
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to view
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A
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P
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ong
I V
s pud
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te
ward
H
rou
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Site Photos
the bund
the site
zhongshan road
old city
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Contextual Studies... Proposed New Bund Proposed Transportation Hub Proposed Bund Tunnel Old City Xin Tian Di
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The Bund Pu Dong Expo 2010 Urban Grain Urban Grain Analysis
Design Development River Skyline Computational Design Studies Massing Exploration
3 15
Proposed Transportation Hub The Bund provides the northern access gateway to the proposed development. The site of the proposed Transportation Hub is currently empty and was cleared at the same time as the proposed site. The new scheme offers landscaped parkland at ground level which is believed to be an extension from Gu Cheng park. The Transportation Hub has 3 levels of basement floor: Basement 1 for coach stations and landscape area; Basement 2 for coach parking and Retail; and Basement 3 for coach and car parking.
legend circulation core
retail
services
coach station/parking
car park
The multi-level nature of the Transportation Hub suggests that there is potential to link the proposed development at ground level as well as at basement level.
2. basement -1
1. ground floor
0
20
3. basement -2 16
40
60
80
100m
4. basement -3
Proposed New Bund The New Bund provides the eastern access gateway to the proposed development. The 600m long New Bund offers an extension to the existing 1000m long riverside promenade. The site is currently empty and was cleared at the same time as the proposed site. [NB this is the same sentence as appears above under proposed transportation hub. Needs site clarification] The proposed New Bund will include a new Riverside Centre consisting of two levels of restaurants and one level comprising a Tourist information office. The ground level is mainly landscaped park and a new jetty for tourist and public use. Basement 1 and Basement 2 are for retail and Basement 3 for car parking. A pedestrian bridge and three underground tunnels are proposed to link the New Bund to the proposed development site. This new scheme offers a major connection of the waterfront to the proposed site via the pedestrian bridge and suggests that major event space could be introduced to utilize this link. The new jetty would significantly improve the transportation link of the site to the rest of Shanghai via Huangpu River.
site plan
basement
basement -2f
basement -3f 17
Proposed Bund Tunnel The bund is the component part of the “Three Vertical and Three Horizontal” frame road network, which is the important traffic corridor through north and south. To solve the famous bottleneck traffic problem over the Suzhou River, the road network of the Bund area was reconstructed at 90’s. The east line of “Three Vertical” (8 driveways 2-way) was built over the Suzhou river, which is constituted by the Wusong Road Bridge and Waibaidu Bridge. The road was widened to 37m (10 ~ 11 driveways 2-way). After the reconstruction, the bottleneck traffic problem was much improved. Negative effect of the landscape and environment was caused by the 37m wide road and 7m high Wusong Road Bridge. High traffic volumes (70% of which is passing-through transit) separated the eastern green band along with the Huangpu River and the western CBD. It also changed the local historical landscape, affected the environment quality, and constrained the future development.
skectch of the proposed bund tunnel
Shanghai government is care of the functional development and transport reconstruction of the Bund area. Since 90’s, according to several international scheme collections and researches, it shows that to separate the passing-through transit, and to attenuation the ground traffic are the key points for the future development. After prophase researching for several years, the local government is going to reconstruction the road network of the Bund area, that is corporate with the “井”shaped transport planning and the Shanghai the World Expo 2010. After building the Bund Tunnel, the environment and landscape of the area will greatly improved by separating the passing-through transit and weakening the ground traffic. The bund tunnel is 3299.63m at all, which is start from Laotaiping road, via Zhongshan road (east No2), Zhongshan road (east No1), Waibaidu Bridge ,Dongdaming road, Wusong Road, end at Hainingroad. The bund tunnel will cross over the Renmin road tunnel( has not been built), Yanan road tunnel, the layout subway NO.14, cross beneath Nanjing road, cross over the Subway No2, cross Beijing road, Wusong Road ramp, Waibaidu bridge pile foundation and the layout subway NO.12. The max curve gradient is 5%
the traffic corridor of the bundl
From Yanan road ramp to Changzhi road ramp, the main road of the bund tunnel is 6 roadways (2-way). At the other part of the tunnel ,it will be 4 roadways (2-way). All accesses of the ramp width are all designed for 2 roadways (one way), so as to reserve for the future transport management. From the north side of Jinling Road, the bund tunnel will be double floor design. The upper floor is form south to north, and the subfloor is from north to south. From the south fo Xinkai River, associated with the development of Shiliupu underground space, B1 is for the bund tunnel, B2 is for walking tunnel and accessory service equipment, B3 is for parking. From Fuzhou road to Tiantong road, the bund tunnel is designed as shield-driven. The outer diameter is 13.95m and the length of the shield-driven part is 1098m. The construction well of the shield-driven tunnel is located at the south of Fuzhou road and Tiantong road. The other part of the bund tunnel is design as box-ribbed.
proposed bund tunnel 18
Old City The Old City was enclosed by a wall from 1553 until the wall was demolished in 1911. Its boundaries are now represented by two streets, Renmin Lu at the north and Zhonghau Lu at the south. Shanghai’s oldest buildings and sights, can be found in some of this area. The urban fabric of the Old City is based upon the traditional Lilong concept: small court-yard housing named after the principles of urban organization. ‘Li’ – neighbourhood ‘Long’ – small lanes
lilong concept diagram key: 1. main lane 2. side lane 3. service 4. residential units 5. commercial units 6. entrance
Housing units are two or three stories high and attached side by side with one lane at the front and another service lane at the back. A couple of main lanes form the major circulation passages of the whole settlement, accessible from the commercial streets and connecting to the housing units.
1 main lane 2
The lilong structure provides a high degree of security and quiet for the internal living environment, in contrast with the noisy urban surroundings dominated by commercial developments. The houses along the perimeter of a lilong settlement are often converted to shops, maintaining the continuity of commercial activities along the streets. Some houses within the settlement also have integrated smallscale businesses to support the community.
1
4
5 6
The street patterns suggest a clear hierarchy in terms of width and function; this is an important characteristic that should be retained in the proposed development. 2 side lane
section a-a
1
3
2
3 service lane
N
a
main lane side lane service lane
a
old city plan
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N
Xin Tian Di This is considered a new archetype for Chinese shopping centres and unique because of its concept of construction. The restoration of a neighbourhood of Shikumen (a 1900s tenement unique to Shanghai) retained the old walls, tiles and exteriors of the traditional brick town houses whilst filling them with a range of international shops, restaurants, bars and boutiques. This reinterpretation of traditional Chinese urban forms has become a model for redevelopment, combining historical tradition with modern lifestyles. The tree lined main street offers a variety of spatial experience due to the varying width of the street. The wider spaces act as public event spaces and bigger seating areas whilst the narrower spaces offer intimacy for visitors.
site plan
a a’
side elevation 1
side elevation 3 1
2
4
2
3
side elevation 2 20
1
3
Bund Study
old city
on the opposite side of the river, in the Pu Dong area, are many of the most modern developments in Shanghai. Tourists and locals alike gravitate to the leisure opportunities offered on the Bund which abounds in western style restaurants and nightclubs.
gu cheng park
site
huangpu park
former gq of hardine matheson
yokohama specie bank
bank of china
peace hotelpeace hotel
former house of the north china daily news
The development of Pier 16 offers an opportunity to create a physical link between the Bund and the Old City, historic heart of Shanghai and to the waterfront.
china bank of communications
hong kong & shanhai bank
Running between the development site and the Huangpu river is the Bund, the best-known landmark in Shanghai and the heart of central Shanghai. Along the Bund are some of the most important buildings remaining from colonial Shanghai – the Peace Hotel, the Bank of China and Shanghai Gold Exchange – retaining their external grandeur, they have been renovated internally to house major financial institutions, luxury hotels and restaurants. In contrast to these historic European buildings,
the bund
21
Pu Dong Pu Dong is bounded by the Huangpu river to the west and the East China Sea to the east. It has an area of 522.8 km² and a population of approximately 1.5 million people. Pu Dong provides a contrast to Puxi, the older part of Shanghai on the west bank of the Huangpu River, which is divided into various administrative districts. Pu Dong was mainly farmland and countryside until 1990 when the Chinese government set up a Special Economic Zone in the district. The western tip of the Pu Dong district was designated as the new financial hub of the modern China and called the Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone. Several landmark buildings were constructed in Lujiazui during the 1990s to raise the image and awareness of the area. These include the Oriental Pearl Tower, Jin Mao Tower and Shanghai World Financial Centre. The proposed development will need to respond to the skyline of the high-rise towers in the Pu Dong area, suggesting that the eastern boundary of the site would provide the best positions for the proposed new towers.
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Expo 2010 The theme of the exposi¬tion will be “Better City – Better Life”, signifying Shanghai’s new status in the 21st century as a major economic and cultural centre. The Expo will contain both temporary and permanent structures in order to at¬tract visitors onto a specially prepared site during a fixed period of time and in order to demonstrate the technological and cultural abilities of the host city. The EXPO 2010 will be used to promote the Docklands as a sustainable living, working and recreation urban quarter with the overall theme of “Urban Living”. The proposed scheme therefore responds to the aspiration to create a sustainable development.
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Urban Grain
N
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Urban Grain Analysis The street pattern of the surrounding site has been mapped to look at the potential relationship with the proposed scheme. As a conclusion, 4 options are considered as the most suitable solutions for the proposed site.
er
riv
transportation hub
er
riv
transportation hub
river
er
river
riv
river
er
river
OLD CITY yu garden
river
riv
OLD CITY yu garden
option 2 - urban grain perpendicular to new bund & Huangpu river
option 1 - extended grain from old city & surrounding site
telecomunication tower
er
er
transportation hub
er
er
riv
transportation hub
er
riv
riv
ji riv n m er ao sid to e we ce r/ nt er
riv
riv
r/
nte ide ce rivers iver r
er
river
riv OLD CITY
OLD CITY
er
riv yu garden
river
yu garden
fang bang rd. gateway
option 3 - extended grain from old city & prependicular grain to New Bund
option 4 - extended grain from old city, street level permeability and a high level visual link 25
Design Development
hu
an
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pu
riv
er
zh
ne
on
w
gs
bu
nd
ha
n
ro
ad
si
te
The design developed is based on the options generated from the urban grain analysis. Different criteria are considered at each stage of design development
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park
yu yuan garden
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1. - natural linear zone on the site: river, new bund, road, site. - circulation and nodes study
2. circulation, nodes and green area study
3. circulation study: proposed and existing surrounding area
4. street, build form and public space study
5. main routes, build form and tower study
6. main routes, build form and tower study
7. main routes, build form and public space study
8. main routes, permeability and visual links study
River Skyline Analysis Existing building heights along Huangpu river have been mapped to look at the relationships of the building heights of the surrounding area. As a conclusion, 4 options are considered as the most suitable solutions for the proposed site:
aerial view from Pu Dong
existing river skyline
option 1 - building height increases gradually (from 35 to 60 storey) from the Bund towards the southern boundary of the proposed site.
option 2 - constant building height (20 storey) throughout the site with one main building at the southern boundary of the proposed site.
option 3 - building height changes (between 30 to 60 storey) from the Bund towards the southern boundary of the proposed site. The most natural skyline as this follows the existing river skyline.
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Computation Design Studies Introduction Introduction Computational design approach is used as an alternative design tool in urban design to explore the relationship of the proposed new development with the surrounding context.
telecommunication tower bund
The following analysis studies are used to explore different aspects of urban design: 1. solar shading and envelope analysis - to explore how the design of towers are influenced by sun orientation in terms of the profile of solar shading and cladding materials. This allows all 5 identical towers to have a different identity with contextual design variations on the external facade.
jinmao tower
people square
2. tower orientation analysis - to explore the relationship of the tower orientation based on views towards important nodes in Shanghai. This suggests the best orientation for the towers based on the views towards the important nodes in the city. 3. context height analysis - to explore the relationship of the proposed new skyline with the surrounding building heights, specifically with the buildings along Huang Pu river. This suggests a new development that respond to the surrounding context.
world financial tower
gu cheng park site yu garden
xin tian di
world expo 2010
2 - tower orientation analysis
3 - context height analysis
1 - solar shading and envelope analysis
1. Solar Shading and Envelope Analysis The horizontal solar shading system wrapped around every floor reflects the solar gain values of the panels on that floor. Each panel averages 9 sun incident angles a year and sets its own panel material accordingly. The solar value determines how far out the louvres have to protrude at that point. The definition of the panels’ material is generally differentiated by their solar incident (U-value) into three categories: opaque, translucent and clear. The louvres are generated dependent on the solar values along the facades.
solar shading tracing
combined panels
translucent panels
opaque panels
clear panels
solar values
towers with random glass panels
panels ‘materials’ 29
2. Tower Orientation Analysis The orientation of the tower footprints takes a number of views given by the user into account and checks for each floor which direction would be predominant. Finally, after all floors have potentially calculated a different orientation, the program averages the orientation to the best average direction of all floors and adjusts all floors to this best direction.
There are 3 sets of views that the model analysed: a. all important nodes, Bund and Pudong b. Bund and Pu Dong c. Pu Dong site
neutral orientation of towers
a. all important nodes, bund and pu dong
site
b. bund and pu dong 30
site
c. pu dong
3. Context Height Analysis The height-field analysis applies a series of site-section methods in order to understand the relationship of surrounding building heights on the site. Radial mapping methods that require a centre point on the site in order to map across are chosen as representing the best building height sampling method.
3d model of surrounding building as parameter on site
radial mapping: all points on site are orientated away from the centre
site
3d mesh diagram of surrounding building height sampling an site
pu dong 31
Massing Exploration 1
> > >
7 block towers of 20 to 30-storeys with north south orientation. triangular-shaped building with stepped tower blocks to emphasis old city and new bund link. triangular-shaped 60-storey tower.
2
> > >
3
> > >
32
6 block towers of 20 to 30-storeys with north-south orientation. triangular-shaped building with triangular-shaped tower to emphasis old city and new bund link. 2 or 3-storey buildings along Zhonghua Road to relate with the scale of buildings in the Old City.
6 block towers of 20 to 30-storeys with north-south orientation. triangular-shaped building to emphasis old city and new bund link with cluster of 3 towers from 50 to 60-storeys on the south. 2 or 3-storey buildings along Zhonghua Road to relate with the scale of buildings in Old City.
4
> > > >
6 block towers of 20 to 60-storeys with sloping roof on the perimeter of the site. 60-storey tower at the corner edge to form a cluster of towers curved building to emphasis transportation hub and old city link. 2 or 3-storey buildings along Zhonghua Road to relate with the scale of buildings in the Old City.
The principles of massing exploration are established at this stage. The proposed buildings respond to the local boundary conditions by relating to the scale of the immediate surrounding buildings. The orientation, placement and form of the build forms changes to accord with different criteria set at different stages.
5
> > >
3 block towers of 20 storeys with north south orientation. triangular shaped building to emphasis old city and new bund link with cluster of 3 towers from 50 to 60 storey on the south. 2 or 3-storey buildings along Zhonghua Road to relate with the scale of buildings in the Old City.
6
> > > > >
7
> > > >
5 square-shaped towers of 20 to 60-storeys on eastern boundary to maximize sun light to retail area, expressed as 3 vertical components to avoid flat façade. equal distance between towers to allow high level visual link between Pu Dong and Old City. building broken down into smaller massing to allow permeability on street level between New Bund/ Zhongshan No 2 Road East and Old City. variety of width on the main retail street to create hierarchy of space ala Xin Tian Di
5 square-shaped towers of 20 to 60-storeys on eastern boundary to maximize sunlight to retail area. equal distance between towers to allow high level visual link between Pu Dong and Old City. building broken down into smaller massing to allow permeability on street level between New Bund/ Zhongshan No 2 Road East and Old City. canopy to emphasis main retail street. 2 or 3-storey buildings along Zhonghua Road to relate with the scale of buildings in the Old City.
8
> > > >
5 triangular shaped towers of 20 to 60-storeys on eastern boundary with equal distance between them to allow visibility. Towers orientate towards Jin Mao tower, Shanghai World Financial Tower and Telecommunication towers to create a relationship with the landmark buildings of Shanghai. variety of width on the main retail street to create hierarchy of space Ă la Xin Tian Di. Voids and bridges connecting roof gardens created to further enrich retail experience . 2 or 3-storey buildings along Zhonghua Road to relate with the scale of buildings in the Old City. 33
Concept Urban Strategy Concepts Sketches
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4 35
Urban Strategy At a city scale, a loop is identified to connect the proposed scheme with surrounding landmarks of Shanghai. The loop will connect the proposed scheme which will be a new Retail destination and Commercial district to the New Bund, Existing Bund, Nanjing Road, People’s Square, Xin Tian Di and Old City via Fang Bang Road. This loop offers retail, leisure, commercial and cultural experiences for tourists and visitors. At a local scale, a leisure link is created by extending the green area from Gu Cheng park to the Transportation Hub into the proposed scheme. The green area on the eastern boundary acts as a buffer zone to separate the new multilevel
36
Zhongshan Road and retail areas. The roof garden provides leisure facilities and views of Old City, Huangpu River and Pu Dong. A cultural link is created by connecting Chenxiangge Temple and Yu Garden with the proposed scheme via Wutong Road. A variety of cultural facilities, such as a gallery, museum, theatre and library, will be provided to enhance this link. A retail link is created by connecting Fang Bang Road, the existing retail street in Old City, with the main retail street in the proposed scheme. The traditional retail experience will be further enriched by modern multi level retail.
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pudong
NA
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NG
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AD
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ol
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U
nd
bu
people’s square
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leisure link
cultural link
new retail destination and commercial district
NG
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FA
G AN
bu
retail link
w
op
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il lo
reta
yu garden
old city
xintiandi
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Concept Sketches
r
ive ur p d ng ua t roa h s ng ea alo no2 s r n e tow gsha e n r u ho z lpt scu and
jin mao tower
world financial tower
high level visual link
glass pavilions
old city road level permeability gu cheng park
old city
Sculpture garden: towers and retail buildings as glass pavilions. Sky gardens and green areas on the eastern boundary as an extension from Gu Cheng park and Transportation Hub.
Visual permeability across river
sky garden isu le re
tra
ns
po
rt
hu
b
gu cheng park leisure
sky court
ral
cultu
old city
il
Layered routes: leisure, cultural and retail routes
garden
re
isu le
reta
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roof garden
Multilevel event spaces
retail promenade
Proposed site as commercial space.
Inclusion of towers along Zhongshan No 2 Road East
Inclusion of desire lines of main routes connecting Transportation Hub, the New Bund and Old City; permeability on street level between New Bund/Zhongshan No 2 Road East and Old City dividing the site into small buildings
Inclusion of main retail street with variety of widths and voids, green areas and roof gardens
Towers orientation to create a visual relationship with the landmark buildings of Shanghai Equal distance between towers to allow high level visual link between Pudong and Old City. Massing to respect the surrounding context. 2 or 3 storey buildings along Zhonghua Road to relate with the scale of buildings in Old City. Towers along Zhongshan No 2 Road East to relate with high rise buildings in Pudong.
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The Scheme Concept Plan Proposed Site Plan & Floor Plans Proposed Sections Exploded Axonometric Area Schedule
40
Massing Model Photo Montages Concept Images
5 41
Design Drivers -Simple and rational pedestrian movement -Physical and visual permeability -Connections with adjacent sites – Above and below ground -Integrated streets and squares -Integration of a mix of uses including retail, restaurants, offices, hotels and community uses -Maximise benefits of sunlight and shading -Landscaped public open space and amenity areas -Massing distribution determined by pedestrian circulation - Primary circulation routes - Secondary circulation routes N - Underground connections
Concept Plan
telecommuncation tower view Z H O N G S H A N
H
U
N
A
O
N
2
G
R
P
U
O A
R
D
IV
E A S T
gu cheng park
to
nk
R
bu
nd
un
leisure li
ol
d
de tu rgro nn u el nd
new transportation hub
E
fin jin an ma cia o lt &w ow o er rld vie w
de si er riv tre w en ne c
nd ou r g r el de un tunn
to
yu garden
nd
cluster of new & existing towers
reta
il lin
k
sun path 42
bu
ad
ang ro
fang b
l link
cultura
w
ne
g road
wuton
nd ou r g r el de un tunn
Proposed Site Plan
N Z
H
H
O N
S
new transportation hub
gu cheng park
U
G H
A
A
N
G P
N N
U R
I
O
V
2 R
R
L F U Y O U
O
N
G
T
A
O
A
D E
N
tower 5
A
S
T
n fe ew rry b te oa rm t & in al
car park access
R O A D
ne
w
alison tower
R
O A
D
E
tower 4
riv
er
si
de
ce
nt
re
fo
tower 3 A D R O
e
sit
N G T O W U
n ot ew br id ge
ry
da lin e tower 1
R O A D
E N G M N D O
car park & service access
Site Plan
un
B A N G
bank of shanghai
car park access
A D R O
F A N G
bo
U A G H O N Z H
tower 2
A D R O
jiushi headquaters
residentia tower 43
Proposed Floor Plans N
Z
H
H
O N
new transportation hub
H
A
N
G P
N
U R
N
+5800
O
I
V
2 R
R
L F U Y O U
A
G S
gu cheng park
U
O
N
G
T
A
O
A
D E
N
A
S
T
car park access
R O A D
R
O A
D
E
+2100
ne
w
alison tower
riv
er
si
de
ce
nt
re
+6900
+3900
e sit
N G T O W U
A D R O
da ry e
lin car park access
R O A D
E N G M N D O
car park & service access
Site Plan 44
un
B A N G
bank of shanghai
A D R O
F A N G
bo
U A G H O N Z H
+3900
+4200
residentia tower
A D R O
jiushi headquaters
N Public amenity space is an integral feature of the proposed scheme landscaped. Roof gardens and well designed public spaces on the ground will offer leisure facilities for visitors as well as working people. The sky gardens at the top of each tower provide social event spaces that will offer stunning views across the river and the Shanghai city skyline.
H
U
A
The multi storey retail street connects the new Transportation Hub, New Bund and Fang Bang Road - the existing retail in Old City. Voids on the ground level allow natural light into the lower levels and enriched the retail experience.
N
G P
U R
Above ground there are up to 3 storeys of retail, office and bar/cafĂŠ/restaurant accommodation.
I
V
E
R
Each tower will have a drop off area along Zhongshan No 2 Road East. Parking and service access is available on Zhongshan No 2 Road East and Dongmen Road. There are 2 levels of lower ground retail on level -6 and -12 with a service area on level -6. The car park levels are -15 and -18.
legend:
+8700
retail
+10200
car park
hotel / conference & service apartment office
services
bar / cafe / restaurant
cultural (gallery, museum, theatre, library)
leisure (cinema, sports, spa, night club)
First Floor Plan
H
U
A
N
G P
U R
+16200
I
V
E
R
+16700
+13200
Second Floor Plan
Third Floor Plan 45
N co
co
ac
ac
h
h
st
at
re
ta
st
il
at
io
-4800
n
io
n nd ou l r rg e de nn un tu
ne
w
w
bu
nd
d
n ou rgr de nel n u tun
bu
nd
+2100
ne
re
ta
re
ta
il -1900
il -7800
-1800
nd rou g r l de un unne t
Lower Ground Floor Plan (-6)
co
ac
h
Lower Ground Floor Plan (-12)
ca
rp
ar
pa
rk
k
in
g ne
w
-10600
bu
nd
ca
rp
ar
k
-5900
rk pa ar
0c
0 25 c 00 25
es ac sp
ark
p ar
-10800
-13800
es ac sp
Lower Ground Floor Plan (-15) 46
Lower Ground Floor Plan (-18)
c
site boundary
Proposed Sections
b
a
b
The sections illustrate how the proposed scheme relates to the surrounding site and the relationship of different levels and uses. a site boundary
c
old city
key plan
zhonghua road
section a-a
zhongshan no 2 road east
roof garden / retail street / services & parking below
new bund / retail & parking below
jetty / huang pu river
site boundary
site boundary
legend: retail hotel / conference & service apartment office bar / cafe / restaurant car park services leisure (cinema, sports, spa, night club) cultural (gallery, museum, theatre, library)
old city
section b-b
zhonghua road roof garden / retail street / services & parking below
zhongshan no 2 road east
new bund / retail & parking below
jetty / huang pu river 47
c
b
a
b
a c
site boundary
key plan
transportation hub
section c-c
48
tower 5
tower 4
legend: retail hotel / conference & service apartment office bar / cafe / restaurant car park services leisure (cinema, sports, spa, night club)
site boundary
cultural (gallery, museum, theatre, library)
tower 3
tower 2
tower 1
jiushi headquaters
49
Exploded Axonometric legend: retail
office tower / service apartment & hotel tower / sky bar / sky garden
hotel / conference & service apartment office bar / cafe / restaurant
roof garden +9 / +12 / +13.5
car park leisure (cinema, sports, spa, night club) cultural (gallery, museum, theatre, library)
retail / conference / office / bar / restaurant / leisure / cultural 0 / +4.5 / +9
retail / bar / restaurant / leisure / cultural / services -6
retail / bar / restaurant / leisure / cultural / underground tunnels -12
car park -15 & -18
50
Area Schedule
Schedule of Accommodation Total Site Area- Approx. 6.22 Hectares 1
2
3
Areas (m)
Areas (sqft)
Retail Basement 1 Basement 2 Ground floor First Floor Second & Third floor
16,707 24,034 14,135 16,809 13,267
179,833 258,700 152,150 180,931 142,805
914,419
Tower 1 (50 storeies) Hotel/ Conference & Service apartment Ground Floor First Floor Upper Fllors 1160 × 48
3,153 3,153 55,680
33,939 33,939 599,334
667,212
366 413 6,514
3,940 4445 70,116
78,501
39,098 1,329 26,417 34,871 1,329 39,098 1,329
473,324 42,915 284,350 328,073 42,915 473,324 14,682
1,544,320
1,037 3,027 1,649 1,827 1,364
11,162 32,582 17,750 19,666 14,682
95,842
Leisure ( Cinema, sports, spa, night club, aquarium) Basement 1 4,151 Basement 2 4,746 Ground Floor 652 First Floor 908 Second Floor 735
44,681 51,086 7,018 9,774 7,911
120,470
Cultural ( gallery, museum, theatre, library) Basement 1 Basement 2 Ground Floor Firt Floor Second & Third Floor Tower 3 (28 Storey) 1056.7 m2 x 1 664.6 m2 x 2
14,273 3,229 7,707 8,364 18,073 11,366 14,305
77,317
Office Ground Floor First Floor Second & Third Floor
Tower 2 (39 Storey) 1056.7 m2 x 37 664.6 m2 x 2 Tower 3 (28 Storey) 1056.7 m2 x 25 Tower 4 (35 Storey) 1056.7 m2 x 33 664.6 m2 x 2 Tower 5 (39 Storey) 1056.7 m2 x 37 664.6 m2 x 2 4
5
6
Bar/Café / Restaurant Basement 1 Basement 2 Ground Floor First Floor Second & Third Floor
Total Gross Internal Area Total Gross Internal Area above ground
1,326 300 716 777 1,679 1,056 1,329 324,981 269,653
Total (sqft)
3,498,080 2,902,521
Total Car park spaces on 2 level = 4410 spaces 51
Massing Model
52
approach from fang bang road
approach from zhonghua road
approach from wutong road
view from the bund towards wutong road
view towards aerial view pudong 53
54
view of the main retail street from lower ground retail
view of the main retail street from roof garden
approach from the bridge
view towards pudong
view of the main retail street 55
Photo Montages
View from East 56
View from West 57
View of main retail street towards riverside centre 58
59
View from Jinmao Tower
Approach from Huang Pu river 60
Night view from South West 61
view from north west
approach from huang pu river
62
approach from the bund
63
Concept Images
64
65
Sustainability Environmental Consideration Tower Study
66
6 67
N
Environmental Consideration
1st Jun 1st May
20 30 40 50 60
19
6 7
18
19 Apr 270
17 1615
8 12 11
1413
10
9
1st Mar
The structure of ‘Pier 16’ represents the concept of “sculptural garden”, which consists of series of green terraces and open spaces incorporated vertically and horizontally along the site to provide a sustainable environment. This will promote the functions of energy collection, greening and temperature regulation.
1st Jun 1st May 1st Apr 90 1st Mar 1st Jan
1st Jan
solar radiation 73 degrees..........summer 27 degrees..........winter
The aim of this environmentally ‘conscious’ approach is to predict the outcome of interactions between buildings and the natural microclimates that surrounds them in order to provide thermal and visual comfort in and around buildings.
S
The design approach is based on the following environmental considerations: > buildings’ orientation as well as directional emphasis > passive solar and wind energy > passive design by green roofscapes > passive design by transitional spaces and skycourts
december winter sun solar gain needed
> cooling island effects
june summer sun solar buffer needed
> recycling systems
1. sun chart and passive solar energy N NNW
NNE
30%
NW
prevailing winds from the north
NE
20% WNW
ENE
10%
W
E
WSW
ESE
the design aproach looks forward masimising cross ventilation keeping out winter winds, while benefiting from summer breezes
SE
SW SSW
SSE
S
> the distance among the towers allows natural breeze into the development.
The river maximises this effect. > public spaces benefit from the sun light, allowing natural light to enter the summer breeze
2. wind chart and passive wind energy 68
buildings.
3. climatic analysis
winter garden / double skin > roof gardens and roof terraces provide the site with additional outdoor
spaces. > During the winter they keep the heat in, and in the summer they provide a
relatively cool environment.
skycourts
> double skin facades respond dynamically to varying ambient conditions,
integrating effective sun-shading and thermal insulation. The air space between layers of glass acts as an insulation against temerature extremes, winds and sound. > skycourts provide flexible interstitial-zones for future expansion as well as
provide areas for planting and landscaping.
4. green roofs
5. climatic consideration
cool island effect achieves a ‘cooling’ island through spraying water, newly planted trees, and natural ventilation. water recycling system
6. water feature - cooling effect
recycling system
7. sustainable system 69
Tower Study legend: hard core (lift, stair) soft core (kitchen, wc, services)
70
north galaxy, brussels
t1 tower, france
21st century tower, dubai
thyssenhaus, duesseldorf
main view
single skin skycourts zone workspace
hard core (lift, stairs) soft core (kitchen, wc, services)
A study of existing towers has been done, identifying the functioning of their circulation and cores. The ideal option considered in the design approach focuses on central hard and soft cores with office spaces around them in order to provide the occupier with great views from any space of the building. On the north side of the towers, series of skycourts zones are provided in order to offer flexibility for future expansion as well as to provide areas for landscaping. Double-layered faรงade operates on the principle of using a ventilated double skin providing effective sun shading and thermal insulation. Vertical landscape is incorporated into the building as part of the passive means to lowering the ambient temperatures around building and therefore reducing energy costs accrued by air conditioning.
double skin solar heat gain zone solar shading
tower plan
hard and soft core double skin skycourts zone
skycourts zone
vertical landscaping
concept diagram 71
Scheme Development Scheme Development Stage 1 Scheme Development Stage 2 Scheme Development Stage 3
72
7 73
Stage 1 Scheme Development > building form based on north-south orientation established > leisure, retail and cultural links established > towers with increasing height positioned along Zhongshan Road > cluster of 3 towers created as a new landmark > 2/3 storey buildings along Zhonghua Road to relate with the scale of buildings in > Old City.
N n ria st ss de ce pe ac n ria st ss de ce pe ac
H
arnewood court residential
U
A
N
l
hote
G P
U R
38.10
I
V
E
R
38.45
C L I F F
ar
l
hote
in
a
M
W
W
U
E L ’ S A D
D
k/ par s car acces ice
serv
35.45
te
da
ry
e
en
gard
ss acce m diu to po ove ab l e v le retail
en
S H A
west cliff
N
N
l
H
R
residentia
G
O
U
D
w
A
sea
A R D
74
t es
om
pr
G
O
e
ad
en
ff cli
jiushi headquaters
N
H
leisure area
A D R O T E35.72 G A
O
Z
pedestrian access strian (hotel) S T pede ss E A acce 34.10
H
pedestrian strian pede ss access acce(residential)
Z
S T R E E T
33.20
n ria st ss de ce pe ac
tolla
gard
O L D
lin
l
ote rd h
36.60
retail re squa
37.20
ark & car p trian s pede ss acce
bo
un
l hote ce an entr
treet
U Y O T U
si
red s cove
w strian bayvie s pede garden cess D sidential ac A re O R
new oy sav l hote
concept plan
tty
37.20
fair lea l ntia reside
site plan
je
O
l
ote
eh
trale
A
entr
O
L K W A
e anc
er tow tial en resid
38.45
old city
R
37.80
R
en
gard
A
E R P I
nt iaur esrtrco edwe pto tial ens reasid cces ark car p s s acce alison tower
D
L I L
use avon ho l tia residen
rd rtya cou ential resid
H
re cultu uare sq
T
line
ure entrance / leis
H
N
S
dary
E
B
I C
bayview mews residential
E
T
N
boun
gu cheng park
em
anc
entr site
ark & car p trian s pede ss acce
R O A D
S
W E S T
view from west 75
Stage 2 Scheme Development > development site reduced to exclude New Bund site > towers articulated to maximize sun orientation and main entrances positioned on
Zhongshan Road. > canopy integrated for the main retail street
N
N towers surmount composition forming visual “fringe” to old city
views to pudong
H
Z
to
H
ol
O
d
N
A
N
G P
low-level dense “carpet” intimate space
bu
U R
I
V
E
R
nd
G S H A N R
H
O A
new transportation hub
U
D
d un ro l rg ne
gu cheng park
U
ne A
w
N
G
un
t
P
U
R
IV
E
tra
ns
gu cheng park
po
rta
tio
n
R
hu
b
e nd
u
w
1 er to w
er 2
A
to w
O
si
D
de
ce
nt
su
co
re
np
ve
re
e
concept plan
lin
site plan
ry r6
r we
5
to
S T R E E T
T E A S
concept plan
da
O L D
un
bo
4 towe
A D R O
cluster of new & existing towers
tower
nd
bu
U A G H O N Z H
w
retail link
e
ne
un
old city
U Y O T U
A D R O
sit
tu
to
n-
d un ro rg el de n
et
er
k
3
re
ral lin
cultu
st
to w
ath
d
yuan to yu n garde
76
riv
er
R
re
ne
N
nt
A
alison tower
ce
H
car park & service access
si
de
S
er
G
riv
N
w
O
un
ne
H
nd ou gr nel
r de
k al lin visu r e to riv
Z
n-
tu
E G A T
D R O A
jiushi headquaters
view from south
77
Stage 3 Scheme Development > zoning for leisure and retail emphasized > main retail street with variety of widths and voids created > towers form and orientation refined to respond to important views and sun
orientation.
sculpture garden - towers and retail buildings as glass pavilions. sky gardens and roof gardens as extension from gu cheng park and transportation hub.
desire lines of main routes and visual links devide the site into small buildings
mp of commercial space
N
N
telecommuncation tower view Z H O N
H
H
G
U
S
A
H
N
A N
G
P
N O R O A D E A T
k
to
ol
d
R
E
N
G P
R
Z
H
U
N
V
E
R
G S
gu cheng park
I
O
new transportation hub
bu
H
A
N N
O 2
nd
R
R
ne
L
de si er riv tre w en c
nd ou rgr de nnel n u tu
A
R
IV
un
de tu rgro nn u el nd
leisure lin
S
new transportation hub
U
n ot ew br id ge
fin jin an ma cia o lt &w ow o er rld vie w
2
gu cheng park
U
fo
F U Y O U
O
N
G
T
A
O
A
D
O
A
D E
N
tower 5
A
S
T
n fe ew rry b te oa rm t & in al
car park access
R O A D
ne
alison tower
w
tower 4
riv
er
si
高层建筑学习分析
nt
w ne N G T O W U
A D R O
da ry lin e
sun path
78
concept plan
concept plan 概念平面图
site plan
B A N G
bank of shanghai
car park access tower 1
A D R O
F A N G
un
k
bo
il lin
tower 2
U A G H O N Z H
cluster of new & existing towers
reta
re
n ot ew br id ge
e sit
nd rou erg nel d un tun
nd
fang b
tower 3
bu
ad ang ro
ce
fo
to
l link
cultura
u garden
de
R O A D
N M E N G D O
car park & service access
A D R O
jiushi headquaters
residentia tower
site plan 总平面图
View from West
79
> Belfast
The Belfast Business Centre Cathedral House 23 - 31 Waring Street Belfast BT1 2DX t +44 (0)289 043 9393 f +44 (0)289 043 6699 > Birmingham
12 Caroline Street Birmingham B3 1TR t +44 (0)121 212 2221 f +44 (0)121 236 2709 > Edinburgh
36 North Castle Street Edinburgh EH2 3BN t +44 (0)131 225 4040 f +44 (0)131 225 4747 > Falkirk
In-House Callendar Boulevarde Callendar Business Park Falkirk FK1 1YR t +44 (0)1324 611 969 f +44 (0)1324 611 970
> Glasgow
Cochrane House 29 Cochrane Street Glasgow G1 1HL t +44 (0)141 522 4555 f +44 (0)141 522 4556 > 45 West Nile Street
Glasgow G1 2PT t +44 (0)141 226 3030 f +44 (0)141 226 3053 > London
West End House 11 Hills Place London W1F 7SE t +44 (0)20 7297 5600 f +44 (0)20 7297 5601 > Manchester
83 Fountain Street Manchester M2 2EE t +44 (0)161 236 7070 f +44 (0)161 236 7077