The Socio-Ecological Network by Patrick McAndrews

The

Socio-Ecological Network

Patrick McAndrews Final Project

Cloud-Architecture Active Erosion and Disassembly: Games, Cities and Time-off Advisor: Carla Leit達o May 15, 2012

The

Socio-Ecological Network

Table of Contents:

Instructor: Course: Semester:

Patrick McAndrews Cloud-Architecture Active Erosion & Disassembly: Games, Cities and Time-off Carla Leit達o B.Arch Final Project 1 & 2 Fall 2011 - Spring 2012

The Socio-Ecological Network

Name: Studio:

Hyper-Interactive Trans-Location 08

FP1 Precis

Sports Media Apparatus Research

Project Research

Project Proposal

Abstract The Socio-Ecological Network

FP2 Precis

Project Research

Project Introduction

Organizational Membership

Time-Compression Navigation

112

Reward System

116

Overall Interface

120

Conclusion

122

Abstract

124

Bibliography

126

Photo Credits

Patrick J. McAndrews

102

Hyper-Active Trans-Location

The Socio-Ecological Network

Patrick J. McAndrews

Part I: Hyper-Interactive Trans-Location

Hyper-Active Trans-Location

FP1 Precis

The Socio-Ecological Network

During the Final Project 1 (Fall semester), I focused my attention on researching the philosophical and technological implications of what I called “trans-location”, the ability to experience more then one context the same time. I arrived to that point through the scope of the Sports Media apparatus research completed at the beginning of the semester. I did extensive readings on the philosophical implications of the internet and networking as it was conceived in the late 20th century as well as more contemporary works of the 21st century. I was drawn to the science-fiction realm, especially Rainbow’s End and Snow Crash. I found inspiration in the realms that the authors created, a ubiquity of technology in worlds split between technological utopias and philosophical dystopias.

I arrived at the position that in order to responsibly inhabit spaces beyond ourselves, we would need to understand and embrace the extensions that already exist; social connections and ecological connections. In the process of developing an initial proposal, I realized that the implications of an individual with in both their social and ecological environments is the key to the sort of omnipresence that I was so interested in.

Ultimately, the proposal lead to many questions regarding bias (or lack there of) and of the sort of “big brother” effect of a network so connected that every action or decision was recorded. These questions became the basis for the second semester’s continued research and proposal development, leading to what became called the Socio-Ecological Network whose roots are deeply founded in the Final Project 1 research.

Patrick J. McAndrews

Much of my research was technically based including implications of sensor organization, networking, and interaction. I was especially interested in the possibility of developing new senses through the adaptation and manipulation of sensors we already have. The specificity of the sensor as a mechanism of broad social implications became my focus for the mid-term. I searched for ways to address the possibilities of extended sensory organs (attachments to the body, connections beyond the body, networking with other bodies, etc).

For the final review of the Final Project 1 semester, I developed a vocabulary of engagement with the individual’s surroundings through an interface of connectivity. The goal was to demonstrate to the user the broader implications of their actions. A sentiment of accountability grow to be an important aspect of my research and proposal. I began to make connections between the social and ecological networks through the actions and decisions of the individual.

Sports Media Apparatus Research

Sports Media Apparatus Research Hyper-Active Trans-Location 12

The Media event can be conceptualized as a massive occasion in respect to both time and space. These events tend to revolve around news events but are intensified through a period of speculation, coverage, and post event analysis. Sports journalism finds itself in the midst of the “media event” as an apparatus for effecting both time and space. The media event is a significant part of the identity of an event. The individuals involved in the viewing and participation in the event are largely dislocated through space (specificly distance) and, in many cases, time ( this is a siginficant departure from previous interpretations of the Media event which speculate that it must be a live broadcast. Yet, the realm of the media event has not had a significant change since the use of broadcast delay as a means of sensoring (the Super Bowl is an example of this since the 2004 half time show with Justin Timberlake and Janet Jackson) as well as time delay to account for 1.Elihu Katz, “Media Events: The Sense of Occasion”

time zone differences (NBC’s use of ‘plausably live’ editing during the 2000 Sydney Olympics). In the absence of the ‘live transmission’ requirement for media events, the essential guidelines include: preplanned event, framed in time and space, featuring a heroic personality or group, having high dramatic or ritual significance, and the force of a social norm which makes viewing mandatory. Yet the most important aspect of these occurances is the interaction with the viewer. The inclusion of the self (even seperated by time and space) creates a world network which can “transport us simultaneously to where the event is taking place”.1 Sports “... is essential to the globalizing structure of media organizations. Sports is a relatively cheap method for filling hours of television time and moves easily across cultural and linguistic

ABOVE: Figure1.1.

Occasion of State

Political Shift

Occasion

Symbol

Emotion

Major Holiday

Effect Media Event

Historic

Contest

Discrete Sports High Holiday

News

The Socio-Ecological Network

Social Shift

Heroic Mission Institutional

Sports

Dramatic Elements

Politics

Paradigmatic Media Event

Living Documentary

Conflict High Drama Spontaneous Law

High Ritual

War Man-made

ABOVE: Figure1.2.

Natural

Most newsworthy events fall into two general catagories; News and Media Events. News events are those events which can be represented as a set of information. These events can be represented as points in time. A media event is the coverage and narrative surrounding an occasion. A Media event tends to fit in one of five categories; Occasion of State, Contest, Heroic Mission, High Holiday, and the

“occasion”. The Contest and Heroic Mission is of particular interest in sports journalism. With the growing ability for event coverage to effect the event itself, a third category should be introduced the, “Paradigmatic Media Event”. This category looks to the way that the viewer sees themsleves in relation to the media event as well as the the way that the reporter or journalist intereacts with the event. In particular, the way in which a particular media event is approached can be categorized as “High Ritual” or “High Drama”. The journalist can choose to look at a particular event with reverence and respect or investigate with reproach and scepticism. With this in mind, the effect that the ritualized or dramatized coverage has on a viewer can be emotional, symbolic or both. This also effects the way in which the journalists and producers choose to report an event.3

2.Nancy K. Rivenburgh, “The Olympic Games: Twenty-First Century Challenges as a Global Media Event” 3.Elihu Katz, “Media Events: The Sense of Occasion”

Patrick J. McAndrews

borders,” (Nancy K. Rivenburgh, “The Olympic Games: Twenty-First Century Challenges as a Global Media Event”)2. Sport Events fit will as national and global Media Events because they do not depend on culturally or socially unique elements. As such, it sits well as a unifier accross these many cultures and societies. As it stands, some of the most infulencal global media events are sports: the Winter Olympics, Summer Olympics, The World Cup, the Americas Cup, etc. The World Cup, for example receives viewerships numbering in the billions.2

LEFT: Figure 1.3.

Travel Individual

Mid / Late 19th Century Journalism

Coverage

News

Space & Time Media Event

Travel Individual

Space Without Time

Travel

Sports Media Apparatus Research

Individual

Coverage Media Event Coverage

Travel Individual

Late 19th / Early 20th Century Journalism Telegraph / Radio

Media Event

Space

Augmented Time

Mid / Late 20th Century Journalism Radio / Television / Early Internet

Early 21st Century Journalism (A) Internet / Television

Coverage Media Event

Individual

Augmented Space

Early 21st Century Journalism (B) Internet / Television

Augmented Time

Hyper-Active Trans-Location

Coverage

Individual

Absence of Differenciation in Space & Time

Media Event

Idealized Relationship

The Socio-Ecological Network

RIGHT: (clockwise from top left) Pennsylvania Newspaper excerpt from mid-19th centurty, photography of Gettysburg Battle aftermath, telegram to President Lincoln.

In the mid to late 1800â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, traveling journalist became necessary for newspapers to satisfy the desire of communities for information during the Civil War. In order to obtain information, the journalists would have to travel to the news source, obtain the information, and then travel back.

In the mid and late 20th Century, the radio, television and early internet helped bring about a contious coverage of events (both news and media events). Instead of these events being viewed as singular points in time, they began to have depth in time.

Many of these models attempt to allow the individual to feel like they are a part of the Media Event, suggesting the absence of differenciation in space & time between the individual and the media event.4

4. Robert M. Entman, â&#x20AC;&#x153;How the Media Affects What People Think: An Information Processing Approachâ&#x20AC;?

Patrick J. McAndrews

By the late 19th century, the journalist no longer had to travel back to send the information; the telegraph allowed the information to be sent over large distances instantly. The seperation of the individual and the news was no longer seperated with time (space without time) and the Media Event was born.

By the early 21st century the way that media covered the event became variable. Coverage of the media event could be split into peices and intermixed, thus augmenting the sense of time of the Media Coverage. Another method has been to displace the coverage of the event closer to the individual; accomplished by outsourcing filming of the event to sources more local to the Media Event. This distorts the sense of both space and time.

Project Research

Hyper-Active Trans-Location

Project Research:

Accuracy1 of a measurement requires an understanding of that which is being measured. Even further, the act of measurement acknowledges its own degree of inaccuracy. B.B. Mandelbrot suggests that this is indeterminate: any refinement of measurement produces an even larger number, running towards the infinite and undeterminable7. It may be presumed that this quantity converges upon a more determinable number, grounding the measurement into the smooth environment (the binary nature of the 2nd and 3rd dimensions in particular). This is a deterministic model, which concerns itself with precision over accuracy for practicality’s sake. However, Mandelbrot’s ideas let us peer into a conception where “self similarity” applies to the parts, as they constitute the whole. This is the rough, in opposition to the smooth. Here, the smooth is the precision of measurement that allows models and subsequently actions to be taken following that model. The rough is the accuracy of understanding the nature of a subject in its complexities, “Geographical Curves are so involved in their detail that their lengths are often infinite or more accurately, undefinable.”3

In an article B.B. Mandelbrot wrote, “How Long is the Coast of Britain?”, he uses the fractal to describe the concept of length, “…as even finer features are taken into account, the total measured length increases,”3. To illustrate his point, Mandelbrot introduces a problem, how do we go about measuring the coast length in Britain? If the coastline is measured in lengths of miles, the result is a low-resolution depiction of the coastline. If the base unit is broken down into a smaller component, it shows slightly more detail of the coastline then before. With several more iterations, the coastline shows everincreasing resolution. Mandelbrot shows that as with his fractals, the total measured length increases as the measuring tool becomes more refined. With this in mind, Mandelbrot continues, “there is usually no clear-cut gap or crossover between the realm of geography and details with which geography need not be concerned,”. In most cases, this gap has not be resolved in the field of geography, yet Mandelbrot was confident that the methodology he elaborated in his paper was “… a potent tool in the study of chance phenomena, wherever they appear, from geostatistics to economics, and physics.” 3 The differentiation between smooth and rough measurement is at the core of this discussion. Each represents a separate set of models whose precision and accuracies are not devoid of reason. The determination of suitable accuracy has allowed these models to advance geographic mapping and many other discourses. As Mandelbrot quotes Alfred North Whitehead, “To come very near true theory and to grasp its precise application are two

LEFT: Figure1.4.

very different things as the history of science teaches us. Everything of importance has been said before by somebody who did not discover it,”3. Here, all models of Britain’s coastline are useful because they have different potential applications. The lower resolution depictions may be utilized to track speeds and distances of ships moving around Britain while the higher resolution measurements may be used to track an individual walking the shoreline. In these examples, the distance can be utilized to account for other measurements: time, velocity, and acceleration. If these distances are measured to an indeterminate value, value is void in application: an indeterminate time, velocity, or acceleration. This does not reflect well with the need for precise applications. The ships moving along a coast have no need for minute details of coastal formations because they tend to be far enough away from the coast that these details do not effect the direction or distance

1. Prentice Hall, “Introduction to Biomedical 2. Precision: “Degree of reproducibility” –Prentice Hall, “Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology, Third Edition” 3. “How Long is the Coast of Britain? Statistical Self-similarity and Fractional Dimension” by B.B. Mandelbrot

Accuracy: “The maximum difference that will exist between the actual value and the indicated value at the output of the sensor” –Prentice Hall, “Introduction to Biomedical Precision: “Degree of reproducibility” –Prentice Hall, “Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology, Third Edition”

Measured Coast Length: 76 Units

8 Unit Long Measurement

4 Unit Long Measurement

Measured Coast Length: 86 Units

Measured Coast Length: 107 Units

2 Unit Long Measurement

1 Unit Long Measurement

that the ship is traveling. For a person walking along the beach, these intricacies becomes more important, valuing measurements of feet and yards (or meters) rather then miles (or kilometers). These scalar shifts constitute obligations to specific orders of responsibility within terms of accuracy and precision. The measurements used for the ship to move around Britain need to maintain precision so that future ships may use the same information. The accuracy of these measurements is obligated not to the true measurements of the coastline but to the path of the ship. The contextual accuracy and precision of measurement is the obligation of these models.

for the adaptation of contextual accuracy and precision parameters. This causation is the model foundation itself; the model must be formed before measurements can be taken.3

The Socio-Ecological Network

Measured Coast Length: 64 Units

RIGHT: Figure1.5.

1. The macrocosms and microcosms of society are essentially very different and independent of each other, 2. The macrocosmic components exist at a superior level then those at the microcosmic, and 3. Micro-initiatives do little to bring change on

3. “How Long is the Coast of Britain? Statistical Self-similarity and Fractional Dimension” by B.B. Mandelbrot 4. “The Fractal Revolution” by Peter Bearse

Patrick J. McAndrews

If these observations can be applied more broadly (and Mandelbrot suggests they do), the model as a “precise application” is, and will continue to be, important at the threshold of “Truth”. As expressed in the above examples, the scope and purpose of investigation is the causation

The specific subjects of these models and causal measurements could include our own society. Peter Bearse, an economist and professor, advocates the role of the fractal in understanding and modeling our society, culture, and economy as a means to improve our condition.4 Without these models, our society begins to make assumptions about the individual’s role in the collective:

Project Research: Hyper-Active Trans-Location 20

the macrocosmic scale; they merely react to macro-initiatives of more powerful agencies. Instead, models and Mandelbrot’s Fractals suggest that the very opposite tends to be true. The vast scalar distinctions of society tend to work interdependently. Recognition of both scales is important in the understanding of societal mechanisms. Micro-initiatives have the potential to bring significant change on the greater levels of society.4 Unavoidable ramifications of these potential interdependencies arise as that very connection expands through technological and social advancements. The micro-initiatives (Bearse calls them micro-actors) obtain influence over macro-contexts and vice versa. The degree of acknowledgement of these connections will continue to play a role in the future, “the prices we face as individuals and societies – how they move us, how they change as we follow one 4. “The Fractal Revolution” by Peter Bearse 5. “The Price of Everything” by Eduardo Porter

path or another- provide a powerful vantage point upon the unfolding of history,”5. Historically ineffable models of social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental operation seem to have no place in the future of mankind. As Eduard Porter suggests, the power of the individual will come from their perspective of the world around them. This is distant from the influence of the individual that comes from their connections and interactions. Significant power through influence comes from the degree of perspective on those individual influences within related networks and connections.5 The apathetic relation within these networks presents itself without accuracy or precision, and thus without a model to operate within. However this situation rarely, if ever, presents itself. Historical relationships and interactions between individuals and groups tend to follow more rigorous models, namely self-interest.

ABOVE: Mandelbrot’s 2-dimensional fractal pattern.

The Socio-Ecological Network

ABOVE: Figure 1.7, Sexually Transmitted Dieses carrier/ noncaring sexual partner pathway.

Unfortunately the applicable measurements of accuracy and precision are lacking in many of these models when applied to the individual level.

6. “Factors Affecting AIDS-Related Sexual Risk-Taking Behavior Among College Students” by John D. Baldwin

Patrick J. McAndrews

In a study looking at the factors affecting Sexually Transmitted Dieses6, the “results revealed that for the most part, students were engaging in few activities that would protect them from contracting…HIV [and other STDs].” In fact, many behaviors displayed by college students help to spread these illnesses including “[low] condom usage, number of sexual partners in the last three months, and casual sex.” The resultant patterns tend to spread the infections to other students in relatively short periods of time.6 The assignment of models and subsequently measurements of accuracy and precision are fundamentally based on the perspective responsibilities of the individual and the group or society in which the individual interacts. Such a model should presume to

promote overall positive effects on both the society and the individuals. In the spread of STDs may be presumed to be a negative effect on the components of a subjected system. The behavior of an individual certainly can be seen to effect a large portion of a population. Who is to blame for this and at what level can change be instituted? Here, correlation is not strong enough to effect change in behavior or understanding; causation is necessary to determine the fundamental root of a situation, and in doing so, determine possible alternatives. This could become the basis of a governing protocol for interaction with respect to the social and ecological networks, which cross through nearly our entire existence.

Trans-Location Project Research:

“Younger people even have a suspicion that they are missing out on things that could widen their horizons. They would like to be involved in aspects of life where their own experiences can be seen as part of what is happening.”1

Hyper-Active Trans-Location

The intention for trans-location (perhaps finding its source in Novak’s trans-real) stems from an innate ability to represent a specific set of things in an event or place. Here (see diagram spreading across the bottom of the page), the idea of the rural in sensory distinction with the urban is approached by the trans-location with some frame of reference for collection and subsequent distribution of collected data. In this case, qualities would be measured by sensors then transferred to an “effector” or “activator” who would apply the measurements to an action. The sort of data collected would very greatly between rural and urban, necessitating a set of sampling filters. These filters would be used in the augmentation of both time and space

1. “Archigram” by Peter Cook

ABOVE: Archigram’s 1969 Instant City. LEFT: Marcos Novak’s Turbulent Topologies.

The Socio-Ecological Network

“There can be no movement of delocalization without an accompanying relocalization. And moreover, that the two need not be construed as being simply symmetrical...”2 “Non-physical space”

ABOVE: Figure 1.8, Method of Translocation

through the human senses (as well as other forms of information that may not be noticeable to humans).2

2. “Transmitting Architecture, The Transphysical City” by Marcos Novak

Patrick J. McAndrews

In this trans-location, a single participant may have more knowledge of another location then their own (or vice-versa). The connection between the two situations (or two polar microcosms of a greater environment) becomes the most important part of the situation. Novak would call this connection “a global, non-physical public space”2. The space-time that exists between this these oppositional conditions has begun to dissolve in the presence of these virtual spaces. This desolation is what leads to the condition, trans-local. In a similar way that the later Bauhaus experimented with image overlay and work of Duchamp (Nude Descending a Staircase) works with movement overlays on a single image, the trans-local integrates data of location together. The effect is not of sensory overload, but of sampling integration:

“We cannot know the real in its entirety. As much shields as bridges, our senses isolate us from the outside world, even as cognitive mechanisms that translate raw input into meaningful patterns, which isolate us from within. In either case, what we do know is known through sampling: continuous reality, if indeed it is continuous, is segmented and reconstituted to fit our understanding”.2

Network Patterns Project Research: Hyper-Active Trans-Location 24

The realm of evolution for this process seems most possibly the interaction of SPIMES with their surroundings. The translocation of the SPIME does not destroy the network but rather changes its frame of reference.

ABOVE: Figure 1.9, SPIME interjected transplant. LEFT: Figure 1.10 Independent Linkage Connection

It may become job of the event object to facilitate in this dislocation of SPIMES from one group to another (or at least the perception of this occurrence). The object SPIME then becomes a source of evolution within the system by providing information not otherwise gathered about a system (or part of a unified system), which may be to far (in space and time) to have been able to connect with otherwise. The Disassembly would be concurrently reassembly.

Sensor Prot Sampling

The Socio-Ecological Network Patrick J. McAndrews

tocols for

Right: Figure 1.11, Deoendent Central Linkage Connection

Sensor Protocols for Sampling

LEFT: Figure 1.12, Quality Binary Branch Organization

Project Research:

LEFT: Figure 1.13, Linear Progression of Qualitative Detection

Hyper-Active Trans-Location

LEFT: Figure 1.14, Quantitative Collection Scatter

Sensor 1

Sensor 2

Benzene

Sensor 3

Sensor 4

The Socio-Ecological Network

Acetone

Chloroform

Sensor 5

ABOVE: (from top) Figure 1.15, Sensor bar graphs. Figure 1.16, Distribution of sensor differentiation

Sensor 7

Sensor 8

In the three graphs, a group of 8 sensors respond individually to the detection of a given chemical (in this case,Acetone, Benzene, or Chloroform). These individual responses could be considered Quantitative because they demonstrate the magnitude of a reaction when exposed to chemicals. However, when the quantitative data is compiled, the qualitative nature of the chemical becomes significantly clearer. The degree to which this clarity is obtained is based on the degree to which the quantitative data is placed into perspective. In the quantitative collection scatter, prioritization is given to significantly contrasting elements of data. In this particular example, acetone, benzene, and chloroform differ greatly under the detection of sensors 1, 5, and 8 while lacking significant distinction in sensors 2 and 7. Yet, given a different set of chemicals, sensor priority would probably shift to a large degree.

Patrick J. McAndrews

However, when the quantitative data is compiled, the qualitative nature of the chemical becomes significantly clearer.

Sensor 6

Hyper-Active Trans-Location

Project Research:

Input / Sensor Perception

Sight

Smell

Hearing Perceive

Touch

Taste LEFT: Figure 1.17, Platonian Senses

The integration of sensors (sensation) and perception into provides an opportunity for “... an architecture that can only exist in time, an architecture that is a choreography of sensations, an architecture that both changes overtime and responds to changes in time.” Here, Usman Haque pushes for an architecture encourage understanding and participation. In Haque’s Sky Ear, Electromagnetic Waves are understood or “sensed” using stimuli of sight and hearing (B). The significant step would then become the inclusion of an EM sensor (at least in this example) into a new sense (C) which would transcend perceived limitations of perception (A).

“... an architecture that can only exist in time, an architecture that is a choreography of sensations, an architecture that both changes overtime and responds to changes in time.”

The Socio-Ecological Network

EM Sensor

Sight

Smell

Hearing Perceive

RIGHT: Figure 1.18, Augmented Senses

Touch

Taste

EM Sensor

Sight

EM Sensor

Smell

Hearing Perceive

RIGHT: Figure 1.19, Aditional Senses

Taste

Patrick J. McAndrews

Touch

Usman Haque: Studies Project Research: Hyper-Active Trans-Location 30

Sky Ear floats in the air sampling and reacting to Electromagnetic waves as well as cellphone calls connected to both lighting schemes and sound effects. Haque suggests that these relationships, combined with that of observers/ users develop into a creative and informative interaction with an otherwise invisible phenomena.3

“haunted” space. The primary endeavor was to emphasis the impact of unperceived effects on our conscious perceptions.3

Scents of Space utilizes a variety of smells (pleasant, unpleasant, and all together new) in the development of space and spatial differentiation. The smells may bring memories of places that the observer/ user has been: lawn, subway, street, forest, etc. The interaction between the occupant and the smells creates pockets of new or combined smells which change the perception of the space.3 Haunt utilizes a mixture of tangible (humidity, temperature) and intangible effects (sonic and electromagnetic frequencies) which research suggest may be associated with feelings of a

3. “The choreography of sensations: Three case studies of responsive environment interfaces” by Usman Haque

ABOVE: Sky Ear Launched at night

The Socio-Ecological Network

RIGHT: Scent of Space

Patrick J. McAndrews

RIGHT: Haunt

Interface: Container of Nexus Effect

Vilem Flusser’s “Significant Surface” is especially “...a two dimensional plane with meaning embedded in it or delivered through it. This understanding of interface can be countered with its understanding as a threshold or transition.4 This is especially evident in the film “Howl’s Moving Castle”. The Castle’s doorway is able to access 4 different locations at the choice of the user5. To this point, the interface may be understood to allow passage through to a place beyond this initial point. Galloway suggests that this further builds to the “layer model” where interfaces layer upon each other, a new medium containing all older versions. In this conception, film is a container for photography, music, and theatrical formats. Video would then contain film which would subsequently be contained by the Internet with text and image.4

LEFT: iPhone, The cellular phone has become one of the must ubiquitous “significant surfaces” to date.

Letter Telephone

Hyper-Active Trans-Location

Project Research:

Cell Phone

Telegraph

Picture

Computer

Internet

Video

Book E-Book Internet

LEFT: Figure 1.20, Significant Surfaces as Containers

Perhaps as significant is the application of these ideas towards modern technologies: cellphone keyboards/ keypads, Tablet/ Touch Devices, Computers, Televisions, Self-checkout counters, Eink devices, etc. Each are their own apparatus for interface with the connection with the outside or society. To this end, each is a “fertile nexus” of involvement in its own right. In each niche, the apparatus focuses on a particular area of social involvement, to which it contains a node. For these reasons the interface may be said to be a

Container of Nexus Effect.

The Socio-Ecological Network

Francois Dagognet continues the idea further, “The interface... Consists essentially of an area of choice. It both separates and mixes the two worlds that meet together there, that run into it. It becomes a fertile nexus.” Here, the idea of the threshold is present but with less emphasis on transparency of the media, it is an area of decision and choice.4

RIGHT: Howl’s Moving Castle

Patrick J. McAndrews

RIGHT: Doorwat with Location dial

Augmented Reality Project Research: Hyper-Active Trans-Location

ABOVE: Newly introduced Google Glasses Mock-up.

Significant use of Augmented Reality is slowly progressing as digital cameras and connectivity are growing in popularity and decreasing in cost. In Augmented Reality, the engagement is unidirectional, thus while allowing the user/ operator to obtain information through a viewport, it does not operate in away which actively engages the user as part of the augmented view. There is always a viewer and the viewed object.

LEFT: Google Glasses Interface Augmentation warning.

The Socio-Ecological Network

RIGHT: Augmented Reality Art Installation, interaction with viewer

RIGHT: Augmented Reality Information indicator and linkage

Patrick J. McAndrews

RIGHT: Augmented Guidance Interface (tourism, travel instructions), developed through crowd sourced information ratings

Sensorial Projection Project Research: Hyper-Active Trans-Location 36

The ability to understand and interact with a context may be mediated by a physically disassociated set of sensor. This would allow for instantaneous multiplicity of perspectives. This perspective can be understood to exist within the Mars Rovers, deep ocean ROVs as well as the more immediate “ball camera”. In this example, a 360 camera covered ball may be thrown in the air giving a spherical perspective of the context. The viewer becomes an experiencer by using the information to judge their interactions with the context. The extensive relationship is exhibited especially well in “Rogue Farm” where the experiences and perspectives of many individuals is utilized in order to understand and interact with a context. A more popular example includes Cameron’s “Avatar” which introduces the concept of a biologically based avatar, bound by genetics to its original host.

ABOVE: NASA Mars Rover concept render. LEFT: NOAA Deep Ocean research ROV, a version of this has been used to explore small spaces (including the ship wreck, Titanic).

The Socio-Ecological Network

RIGHT: Camera Ball, view of ball iin action

RIGHT: Camera Ball, view of camera collage (a 360 degree view is the ultimate goal).

FAR RIGHT: Avatar Pod used to interface with biological avatar of user.

Patrick J. McAndrews

NEAR RIGHT: View of “monster” from Short Story and film, “Rouge Farm”

Pod / Suit Hyper-Active Trans-Location

Project Research:

We understand interaction between the self and the surrounding context as being mediated directly (predominantly physically) through a (potentially) layered system. The most intimate of these conditions is the idea of the “suit”. Here, the impact of the interface is brought much closer to the user / experiencer in an attempt to allow interaction with the context more possible. The interface responds more directly with how the user occupies the environment rather then how the environment impacts the user. Here, the participant is engaged more closely (physically) with the environment that they surround, due, ironically to how close the interface into that environment works.

TOP: Archigram’s Cusichle ABOVE: Archigram’s Suitaloon

The Socio-Ecological Network

RIGHT: Scene from â&#x20AC;&#x153;Duneâ&#x20AC;? with environmental suit worn to collect water from the body and environment for collection and survival

Patrick J. McAndrews

RIGHT: Diagram of Suit Components, Analysis by Pratt Institute School of Architecture Students

Pod / Vehicle Project Research:

TOP: Archigramâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Lunar Lander proposal for a Great Britian Space Program.

Hyper-Active Trans-Location

LEFT: NASA Lunar Module on the surface of the Moon, Apollo 11, 1969.

The pod can exist at a variety of scales. When we move beyond the closeness of interface and the predominant context, the pod can begin to create its own micro-context, which allows for a varied experience. The viewer / experiencer has more to pay attention to then just a single set of surroundings, they must mediate both the pod / vehicle and the outside context. Here, the interface of the vehicle because so pervasive that it may need its own set of interfaces to mediate.

The Socio-Ecological Network

RIGHT: Buckminster Fullerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design for an aircraft like car.

RIGHT: Scene from Mission Impossible: Ghost Protocol, Interface overlay on vehicle windshield , bordering on augmented reality interface.

Patrick J. McAndrews

RIGHT: Mobilizyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Wikitude Drive, a Satellite Navigation Augmented Reality application for smartphones.

Context Control Project Research: Hyper-Active Trans-Location 42

TOP: Scene from Paul Nicholls’ short film, Golden Age- Somewhere, depicting a virtual reality room which serves as an interface for connections across the world, which provides a “glocal” context.

In this relationship, the context becomes the interface to affect the body. It is possible for the user to control / limit this effect but this hierarchy is not necessary for sensorial control within terms of contextual engagement. Here, the experience is mediated by how the context / environment works with the user rather then the reverse.

The Socio-Ecological Network

RIGHT: Scene from “Star Trek: The Next Generation”, on the “Holodeck”, a virtual simulation based on recorded information (fiction, non-fiction, movies, books, etc) which allows the user(s) to engage in the simulation to a large degree.

RIGHT: Scene from “ The Matrix”, physical pods encapsulate users physically while a virtual reality utilizes their consciousness.

Patrick J. McAndrews

RIGHT: Screen-shot of SecondLife , an internet based virtual reality simulation, utilizing personal computers and other webconnected devices to interface with other members of the network.

Floating Interjection Project Research: Hyper-Active Trans-Location 44

TOP: Yellow Arrow Project Arrow at Coney Island Park, which points to something specific, allowing the viewer to access information by looking up the code number online.

The concept of entropy is especially powerful. The ability for a user to be integrated with â&#x20AC;&#x153;containers of the nexus effectâ&#x20AC;? (see Interface: Container of Nexus Effect) independent of their own perceptions of the environment and immediate context has the ability to substantially change the understanding of that context. This is especially evident with The Yellow Arrow Project, as well as online networking and searching including Stumbleupon.com and Chatroulette.

LEFT: The Yellow Arrow Project website, presenting information regarding the specific arrow you seek information about or to submit your own yellow arrow material (including videos, stories, history, art, poems, etc.).

The Socio-Ecological Network

RIGHT: Stumbleupon.com allows users to find new websites based on specific interests and “stumble” history. The process of “stumbling” provides data for the system to apply to future usage by the users.

RIGHT: Chatroulette is an online network of seemingly random connections between participants with webcams and microphones

Patrick J. McAndrews

RIGHT: Artist / Singer Ben Folds utilizes Chatroulette during a concert for a improvisational song about the people he connects with.

Project Proposal

The research and proposal here seeks to find an interface for the context of a socio-ecological intra-network. This interface is engaged with a protocol for a net positive impact within and beyond the social and ecological networks: 1. The Social Connection Network This should include as many forms of communication and social / cultural connections that can be understood between groups and individuals. A marker needs to be established which would present a decidedly local set of connections vs a decidedly global set of connections. This has already been seen in some Online Social Network systems in various forms including “friendship circles”. This network protocol establishes individual responses through calibrations as defined by the idea of an outside randomness or through the individual (the fundamental local at this time) effect on the ecological systems, leading to:

as well as the geographic omnipresence of an individual’s ecological footprint. The possibilities of interface techniques are vast, for the purposes of this research three categories of interface techniques are established: The Automatic, the Focused Exploration, and Iterative Calibration. 1.The Automatic The Automatic interface is an intentional lack of interface (at least at the level of the everyday user). The methodology of this technique is to command the user into a certain set of predetermined actions. The result of these actions is not always calculated but since there is no inherent feedback mechanism, there is not necessary a need for such determination. Within this category, the Floating Interjection

Hyper-Active Trans-Location

Project Proposal:

2. The Ecological Connection Network

This is of a wide range of measurable products and byproducts of natural and industrial processes and practices, which have developed to define the way the individual reacts with their surroundings. This establishes that there is an individual as well as social responsibility for these processes and practices (both the perceptibly good and bad). This works on a similar scale of local to global but consists of a separate set of criteria to establish the local vs the global (these categories exist as pointers of condition rather then categorical distinctions). Here, the context may be derived through the sensor network between Social and Ecological connections by a set of litmus tests to establish certain connection qualities AND quantities. Thus, an individual could be evaluated by the quality and quantity of their friend / family network as well as their ecological footprint. A set feedback mechanisms are then established which relay the value of these attributes back into the parallel networks. The protocol for balance (balance here may be eventually equated with net positive impacts on the environment with additional net positive on the social network) is calibrated for the maximization of both understanding of impacts as well as the drive to help further the balance. Both the protocol and interface continue to calibrate themselves to maximize the individual’s comprehension and drive for a better context to operate within defined by the individual’s understanding and placement through the gradient of the “local” and the “global”. These spectrums manifest themselves in the depth and breadth of communication in social relationships

1. “The End of Theory” by Chris Anderson

and Context Control / Manipulation operate as specific mechanisms using this technique. The Automatic suggests a certain relationship with Chris Anderson’s “The End of Theory”, “Correlation supersedes causation, and science can advance even without coherent models, unified theories or really any mechanistic explanation at all.”1 The Automatic operates without specific goals, without extensive oversight. This becomes particularly powerful as a mechanism of evolution.

ABOVE: Chris Anderson’s “The End of Theory” relates the methods of investigation with subsequent procedures of indexing. He associates Google algorithms.

Very specifically, the evolution mentioned here is neither predictable nor capable of being modeled in an accurate manner, as Anderson states: “All models are wrong, and increasingly you can succeed without them.”1 While this particular mentality is not completely acknowledged in this proposal, it is cited as a specific tactic for evolution of the two infra-network systems: the social, and the ecological. This evolution is particularly possible with the Floating Interjection mechanism. Acting similarly as a vector, a system of particle / objects which have no easily understood hierarchy or order of overall movement. Here, the significance of

RIGHT: Diagram 1.21, Automatic (Floating Interjection), an intentionally unpredictable mechanism for organizational evolution.

Automatic Floating Interjection

The Socio-Ecological Network

Patrick J. McAndrews

perspective separates the chaotic (disorder, entropy) from the complex (ordered yet requiring significant depth of understanding).

Hyper-Active Trans-Location

Project Proposal:

The vector / virus objects are able to inject complexity into the things they come in contact with (possible physically, through radio transmission, etc.). This complexity can be created from the interjection of even the smallest bits of insightful connection. Specifically these objects play at the hand of the two-networked systems dealt with in this proposal:

A man crosses a street in a busy intersection; one of these orbs separates from the cloud formation they tend to travel in, sending a radio frequency to a data nexus interface system on his person. The data transmitted may be on the level of a minor adjustment to the interface’s operating system or in the overlying applications that the man uses on a daily basis. The particle / vector may render the man’s phone inoperable or give the man free data usage. When the orb completes the upload, it returns to the cloud or perhaps another one, which has happened to pass by in the mean time. The man’s experience and perception has there on changed. As Anderson suggest, there may be no reason to determine exactly how such Interactions actually effects the man in the above narrative. The purpose of the automatic injection is to distress any overlying system or model into mutation and evolution: the benign and the malignant. Just as evolution occurs through diversity, it also takes hold more consistently under isolation. As nodes of a great set of infra-networks, “Each participant receives a compressed, concise description of the world and information about the state and actions of all the other participants,” (Marcos Novak, Transmitting Architecture). In the Context Control / Manipulation scenario, the user is subjected to a sort of isolation which effects the development of their goals, intentions, and perceptions of the world around them. This is conceptualized as the “glocal” but since it develops and evolves on its own accord, it may relate very little to the “local” or “global” condition of the outside network connections of the ecological and social. 2. Focused Exploration Whereas the Automatic is defined by its separation from user control, the Focused Exploration is defined by its interaction with the user. The user defines their own experience within the confines of certain parameters. The mechanism is here is that of choice, the nexus interface of the Focused Exploration will determine possible options and wait for the user to choose from the possible actions.

2. “Transmitting Architecture” by Marcos Novak

This interface becomes heavily reliant on the physical environment that it is connecting with, “Our cities will become our interface to the net, that we will really be able to reach out and touch someone across the planet and as far as our transmissions will allow,” 2. At its very core, the Focused Exploration is easily understood through one of its own mechanisms, Augmented Reality. The virtual overlay over the perceptible allows for a new experience that is deeply linked with its surroundings. It seeks for complete understanding of those surroundings, “The transphysical city will not be the post physical city,”2. Even though current technologies detach the user as a viewer looking at a viewed environment before making a choice, the intention is still inherently for the understanding of context:

ABOVE: Diagram of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. As Anderson says, “All models are wrong, and increasingly you can succeed without them.”1 To admit that current models are unsuitable to accurately depict evolution and growth patterns. ABOVE NEAR: The Galapagos Island Finches are a remarkable means of examining the ideas of evolution on an isolated population. The natural push and pull of constraints have produced a large set of variations within a population with similar ancestors.

RIGHT: Diagram 1.22, Focused Exploration (Augmented Reality), Demonstration of a user defined navigation.

Focus Exploration Augmented Reality The Socio-Ecological Network

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Brick Oven Pizzeria

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Regularly visited by members of your vernacular social community. Aquires food from Upstate, Hudson Valley Region. Diner has left establishment Estimated Wait Time: 15 minutes

Patrick J. McAndrews 51

The man walks across a busy street. He is wearing his nexus interface system over his face so that it may interpret and relay everything that he can see. He realizes that he is hungry and his thoughts immediately turn to food, in a moment, his interface discovers the pizzeria that he has been meaning to try. He is guided to its door while simultaneously being provided with wait time estimates, the restaurants relation to his circle of friends, and approximate wait time judging by the woman leaving the restaurant. He decides to turn left and get pizza. The augmented reality narrative above demonstrates a level of interaction, which allows the user to discover what he is looking for. The margin of error for false or unrequested results is minimal; the system is modeled to precisely target the user’s preferences and history.

Hyper-Active Trans-Location

Project Proposal:

3. Iterative Calibration

the Iterative Calibration and the Automatic demonstrate a complex infra-network being formed through relationships. As clear as the man knows that there was no way of knowing that the orb would reward him, he was engaging in an activity which would increase his changes of having the unforeseen interaction. These three categories of the socio-ecological network connections demonstrate a diverse series of cognitive processes, which separate the voluntary from the involuntary. Neither demonstrates pure banality or maliciousness. The eye blinks when you intend for it to as well as when you are not conscious of its activity. The same may be said for a variety of other tasks from breathing and even to walking. The active engagement to blur as well as distinguish the two becomes a necessary mechanism for the development of interpersonal social and ecological networks.

The Iterative Calibration system works indefinitely with the user. It entails multiple-loop conversations with the user with no predictable start or finish, “…designed as much in time as in space, changing interactively as a function of duration, use, and external influence,” (Transmitting Architecture, Marcos Novak). Here the vary basis of the category is its ability and necessity to work with the Automatic and the Focused Exploration. This inevitably broadens the encompassing range of the Iterative Calibration to include: Sensorial Projection with Exterior Sensors, the Pods of Skin and Vehicle, and the Object Understanding and Interaction with Context. “An architecture of latent information that is modulated by our every breath and transmission. The shapes are definite, and with the right tools of sampling and visualization, can be captured, and manufactured,”2. Here, the right tool is the user engaged with the nexus interface through a variety of means: The man walks across a busy street. He is wearing a skin / suit which includes a power collection unit gathering energy from the motion of his legs. His unit is at full capacity. At that moment he sees an orb detach from a near cloud cluster of vectors / objects. He is slightly worried about what it will inject into his nexus interface. As it approaches, he realizes that the orb intends to collect some of the energy, which is storied in his suit. In a moment the orb is finished. When the orb departs, the man discovers that he has additional social network capabilities. He decides that he will use it to call his friend whom he has been out of touch for quite some time. The interaction of this narrative between

RIGHT: Diagram 1.23, Iterative Calibration (Skin / Pod), Social and Ecological Engagement

Iterative Calibration Skin / Pod

The Socio-Ecological Network

Patrick J. McAndrews

Hyper-Active Trans-Location

Abstract:

The Socio-Ecological Network Patrick J. McAndrews

The research and proposal seeks to find an interface for the context of a socio-ecological infra-network. The interface is engaged with a protocol for a net positive impact within and beyond the social and ecological networks. Both the protocol and interface are calibrated to maximize the individual’s comprehension and drive for a better context to operate within, defined by the individual’s understanding and placement through the gradient of the “local” and the “global”. These spectrums manifest themselves in the depth and breadth of communication in social relationships as well as the geographic omnipresence of an individual’s ecological footprint. The context itself recalls Bruce Sterling’s ideas for SPIMES, creating a nexus effect between the components of a context. The interface through which the individual interacts with the context gradient can exist on multiple levels from an extended garment/skin which modulates its connection to environment, but as well to concepts of extended mobility such as a Pod / Vehicle devices which would create their own sub-context. The individual is positioned to look beyond linear perspective into a sort of time shear that manifests itself into an ultra-global view of the “local” condition.

The Socio-Ecological Network

Patrick J. McAndrews

Part II: The Socio-Ecological Network

The Socio-Ecological Network

Patrick J. McAndrews

The Socio-Ecological Network

FP2 Precis:

The Socio-Ecological Network

The Final Project 2 Semester say the development of my Socio-Ecological Network to a significant extend. My continued research in the areas of networking and post-humanism along with focused research on environmental issues including air quality issues (especially in concern to ozone) was especially aimed at the continued development and understanding of the sorts of connections that exist now and those which, if presented, would create desirable (that is to say, beneficial) effects on the relationships between the Social and Ecological networks. As the project proposal developed, the necessity for a reason or a call for participation became significant. The proposal was not to punish society (and the individuals that make it up) but to serve as a guide. It became clear that these individuals would be willing members rather then prisoners. Participation in the Socio-Ecological Network would be optional. This opened the possibilities to address the bias issues brought up through the research and development to that point. If the individual was a willing member, then they would also be host to the rules, goals, and the methodologies of their own choosing. It became a logical step to develop communal organizational alignments which the member curates.

The process of change would be introduced through a series of augmented mechanisms. The proposal began to envision the need for a variety of interactions with the memberâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s context. These mechanisms became three categories: Time-Compression, Navigation, and the Reward System. In each of the three categories, the member is engaged in their day-to-day lives through mechanisms which elaborate on the immediately visible context with the specific intention of the memberâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s NGO alignment. I found it useful to research and depict 10 such organizations whose goals aligned within the Socio-Ecological Network. The resultant project proposal becomes a way of representing the individual member in a way that utilizes the variety of components I researched and developed throughout the year.

Patrick J. McAndrews

The basis for these organizations was the desire to move beyond governmental control. As a result, the proposal suggested that the organizations would be under the category of Non-Government Organization (NGO). The autonomy of the organizationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s value sets would be maintained while also ensuring that the member is not being forced into particular decisions or scenarios. These organizations provided their own implications on the interface, intentions, and possibilities of the SocioEcological Network. As the member learned and evolved, his organizational alignments would

change.

Proposal Research

Proposal Research: The Socio-Ecological Network 64

The interactions of groups or communities of people have been of particular interest of this proposal from the onset. It is clear that this association between people can be a strong motivation for action in the everyday as well as the extraordinary choices and implications of global proportions. The development of these group constructs have been primarily of geographic and social interactions along with political and governmental divisions. This has a specific set of its own consequences (nationalism, political parties, election districts, state lines, etc.). However, new social interactions have brought about a shift in which relationships begin to set the basis for these interactions and communal organizations. The internet itself has been a significant catalyst for this shift. With social networking sites including Facebook, Myspace, Craigs List, and LinkedIn, the ability to connect with people and organizations with specific and / or broad connections with the individualâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own interests, beliefs, education, aspirations, and

ideals. While these connections exist through an electronic medium, they certainly manifest themselves in public and private settings across the world. This is especially prevalent in phenomena such as flash mobs (a group of people mobilized by social media to meet in a public place for the purpose of doing an unusual or entertaining activity of short duration 1), or even in phenomena such as the Yellow Arrow Project (see Floating Interjection section of Part 1). It becomes especially apparent that these groups and communities have specific purpose and are governed by inherent values (whether specified or not). It becomes clear that these typologies have the ability to insight significant change on the level of the individual as well as the social, cultural, governmental, and even global levels.

TOP: Figure 2.2, network connection for the tran-location of groups

The Socio-Ecological Network

TOP: Figure 2.3, network connection for the trans-location of groups

Patrick J. McAndrews

RIGHT: Figure 2.4, Global overlap of network connections and subsequent protocol

Even with current guidelines, it is estimated that more then 2 million deaths occur world wide due to air pollution each year. With the current world population at over 6.9 billion people at the time of this research, it could be said that an average of roughly 3,450 people contribute to the death

As the Royal Society’s 2010 Science Report mentions, air quality (and Ozone levels more specifically) have reversible solutions that are feasible on both economic and technological levels. However, these solutions are geared towards global industrial and commercial productions, with a significant gap before personal accountability for the individual citizens. In the United States, a major source of air pollution is Motor Vehicles (56% of NO pollution and 45% of VOC pollution)3. The life of

Industrial Processes

Sunlight

O3 LEFT: Figure 2.5, Production of Ground-level Ozone gas

Sources of NOx

17%

Utilities

All other Sources

Industrial/ Commercial/ Residential Fuel Combustion

Sunlight

LIFESPAN

Motor Vehicle Emissions

BACKGROUND OZONE

“The technology to solve ground-level 03 pollution is widely available, and among the global environmental problems, ground-level 03 is unique in being very controllable.”1 However, background concentrations (low levels Ozone which tend to persist at ground-level) have more then doubled to 35-40 ppb (Parts Per Billion) since the Industrial Revolution and peak values (high concentration periods especially associated with warm weather) continue to exceed WHO (World Health Organization) guideline values of 50 ppb in many countries The World Health Organization recognizes that 50 ppb of ground-level ozone is the threshold for noticeable effects in humans. However, other research suggests that harmful affects can be associated with levels as low as 35 ppb.1

of each of 2 million victims. At the time of this research, Europe’s population was estimated at 875 million people, with roughly 21,400 Europeans dying each year from air pollution related complications. With these estimates, it could be suggested that an average of roughly 40,000 people are responsible for each of the 21,400 deaths of Europeans alone.

OZONE PRECURSORS

Air Quality Proposal Research: The Socio-Ecological Network 66

“At the earth’s surface, ozone is a secondary pollutant produced through the interactions of NOx and VOC in the presence of sunlight.”1 While the ozone chemical has many beneficial usages for humans and nature, the unrestricted and unaccounted release of it and its precursors into the environment has had severe human health impacts, especially on the respiratory system including: reduced lung function, lung irritation, and in extreme cases, death. The Royal Society of Europe estimates that 21,400 people have died prematurely in Europe alone. This assessment is considered particularly conservative due to lack of data regarding Ozone in many countries and areas.

56%

22%

Utilities

Motor Vehicles

1.The Royal Society Science Policy: Ground-level ozone in the 21st century; future trends, impacts and policy implications 2. The Royal Society Science Policy: Ground-level ozone in the 21st century; future trends, impacts and policy implications 3. EPA web page

LEFT: Figure 2.6, Sources of NOx in the United States

As aforementioned, the individualâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s involvement in social change, is visible through social networking interactions, on and off of the internet. This proposal has sought to develop this social interaction network into a meaningful interaction between members of society as well as the ecological environment and its own subsequent network with individual ecological components (air quality being a specific component).

RIGHT: Figure 2.7, Lifespan of Ozone Gas with peak and low ppb levels.

Industrial Processes

If the individual build-up of environmentally risky behaviors and activities can be mitigated and controlled, many of the issues our society and planet face today can be reduced and perhaps eliminated. Yet, one of the most specific problems is the source of related data and availability of that information. The availability of data across the internet is inherently noisy without guiding protocols. The resultant societal coping mechanism has been one of inherent blase to the shear volume of noise (in the form of disconnected statistics, analysis, projections, forecasts, and bias dominated availability and slants). The ability of the individual to be well informed is mitigated by local, state, federal, and international privacy, protection, and security safeguards which bury significant amounts of relevant information under a slow moving governmental and political mechanisms.

Utilities

Consumer Solvents

50%

Motor Vehicles RIGHT: Figure 2.8, Sources of VOCs in the United States

Sources of VOC

Industrial / Commercial Processes

Patrick J. McAndrews

45%

LIFESPAN

Motor Vehicle Emissions

The Socio-Ecological Network

both Ozone and Ozone precursors is significant enough that industrial and commercial pollution are not enough alone to provide a sub 35 ppb environment across the country and globe. As with other climate and ecological issues, the individual citizens and consumers have to be particularly engaged in a solution for meaning full results to be seen in the near future (noting that ground-level Ozone changes are particularly visible even in short time-spans.

Case Studies Proposal Research: The Socio-Ecological Network 68

In a case study analysis of the blase effect spoken of previously, I tracked my actions and interactions for a day. Ultimately, the goal was to understand the specific consequences of each action recorded. However, even with deep analysis and research, specific data and or even reliable estimates were not available. Information regarding power production (how electricity used throughout the day was produced) was unavailable due to security risks. Even water usage, treatment, and sources were unavailable through research and investigation as a consumer. With significant and relevant information missing from this investigation, the key became increasingly clear. Specific and relevant data is not available when it could be of immediate utility. Even very rudimentary data would significantly effect the actions and decisions taken throughout this case study. In 2010, Google disclosed information which revealed that when all calculable values were accounted for, a single Google search engine search would contribute an average of 7 grams of carbon to the atmosphere. 4 Yet even this information is mitigated through averages which do not have particular relevance to the individual user and their particular impact. This represents a black-box effect (the user

4.”Google discloses carbon footprint for the first time” by Duncan Clark 5. “The Price of Everything” by Eduardo Porter

only sees and understands very specific inputs and outputs which are directly viewable). The result is an inherent misreading of the system and its resultant consequences on many scales. The ability for the individual to make choices which demonstrate a communal stewardship is disabled by this disconnection with action and comprehensible consequence. In Part 1, Eduardo Porter’s book, “The Price of Everything” was connected with the process of understanding accuracy and precision. He specifically notes the immediate consequences for individuals within our global society (citing specific reference to consumers of the first-world, including the United States, in comparison to inhabitants of the third-world), which he uses to demonstrate an economy of trading consequences with those that have seem to have the least to lose 5. Such thought processes are hard to change without specific data which allows these societies to calibrate their associations with member citizens. In an additional, more specific case study and short catalog of possible options, I attempted to demonstrate the possible face-value options of a specific action from the day-long analysis, making coffee with milk and sugar. As the catalog demonstrates there are specific things which present themselves without alternatives (at least in the short-term). These may include the source of water, source of sugar, and source of coffee

LEFT: Figure 2.9, energy usage in a day

The Socio-Ecological Network

RIGHT: Figure 2.10, Coffee making choice index

commuter programmer and hacker who earns part of his income by searching for information to upload to the book’s version of the Library of Congress (which was turned into a large database of information). When the submitted information is utilized or search for, Hiro receives a finder’s fee. 6

The absence of information (as with the milk) is not always going to represent negative options, if the available alternative was decidedly (the bias of this data analysis will be addressed later) negative in-and-of-itself, opting for the black-boxed object (or black-boxed action) may represent the most viable or highest probabilistic outcome potential.

This sort of crowd sourced data collection escapes legality to a significant degree ( similar to Wikileaks). While “Snow Crash” addresses Bias through the user / searcher’s ability to choose the information they are buying, the bias of information presented to a user needs to be selected before information gathering (especially to avoid information noise). This bias is necessarily understood and curated by the individual that the data is being presented to.

Here, the black-box becomes necessary to address. This proposal suggests that a methodology of data gathering would be developed which allows the user to identify associations with connected organizations for data mining. A variation of this system is utilized in Neal Stephenson’s 1992 “Snow Crash”. In the novel, the protagonist, Hiro Protagonist, is a futuristic

6. “Snow Crash” by Neal Stephenson

The organizational biases are maintained in order to represent the user’s inherent responsibilities to themselves, society, government, the ecology, and the environment (manifestations of time and space). This becomes imagined as a representation of the self and its relation to the environment and events in time between specific elements and / or the environment.

Patrick J. McAndrews

grinds. The available option becomes the use of milk or soy milk. Of these two options, only the soy milk provided information which allowed for even superficial analysis (the location of production). In this specific case, the relationship with information made for a positive interaction with that object and associated action.

7. “The Man That Was Used Up” by Edgar Allan Poe 8. “The Five Senses” by Michel Serres

Here Pompey handed the bundle a very capital cork leg, already dressed, which screwed on in a trice; and then it stood upright before my eyes.

Pompey, I’ll thank you now for that arm.

Here Pompey screwed on an arm.

Thomas is decidedly the best hand at a cork leg, but if you should ever want an arm, my dear fellow, I must really recommend you to Bishop.

Now, you dog, slip on my shoulders and bosom. Pettit makes the best shoulders, but for a bosom you will have to go to Ducrow.

Pompey, will you never be ready with that wig?...you can procure such a capital scratch at de L’Orme’s

Now, you.... my teeth! For a good set of these you had better go to Parmly’s at once; high prices, but excellent work.

O yes, by the way, my eye-here, Pompey, you scamp, screw it in!... That Dr. Williams, after all, you can’t imagine how well the eyes of his make.

Pompey, you... rascal...I really do believe you would let me go out without my palate. When he again spoke, his voice had resumed all the rich melody which I had noticed upon our original introduction.

...It was evident. It was a clear case. Brevet Brigadier General John A.B.C. Smith was the man - the man that was used up.

Tho

mas

This is particularly important as it relates to the individual’s association with a group, organization, or collective. When the individual chooses to create, develop, or disengage from a relationship with the aforementioned organizations, they are acknowledging the qualitative and quantitative components of that relationship. For the veteran, these qualities manifest themselves in the quality of the resultant product (his new body and how it is perceived by others including the narrator. Even while this manifests itself at a programmatic and network level, its parallel implications with post-humanism are pervasive with particular emphasis on the ability for the individual to comprehend the environment around them as well as interact with that environment. This extends to those who need additional apparatuses in order to maintain normal sensorial and active engagement with their culture, society, environment, and general context.

Pompey, bring me that leg!

The Life & time of Brevet Brigadier General A.b.C. Smith

Fight with the bugaboos & kickapoos.

ABOVE: Figure 2.11, The Man That Was Used Up Diagram of Life

Lost shoulder

As mentioned in Part 1, the conception of the SPIME is of particular significances in this proposal. The acknowledgement of each element of the veteran’s body as separate with separate histories and particular impacts of their own is at the heart of the importance of his life and to what Michel Serra suggests, “the soul resides at the point where the “I” is decided” 8. Here we understand that the hero is accepting as part of his body (his “self”), a new set of histories which reorients what Serra calls the point of the “soul”.

The Truth is, that the introduction was attended, upon my part, with a degree of anxious embarrassment which operates to prevent any definite impressions of either time or place.

Lost ARM

The new limbs in which the veteran adopts as his own become associated with their makers. Part of this connection is geographical; the hero identifies specific locations from which he procured the items in his town. While he does not seem to identify explicitly with the previous histories of the material or the replacements’ makers, he betrays a substantial bias in his decision making process.

t ha p t e an edllaun Po M sra e Th sBuy Edga wSatory

Lost Leg

The Man That Was Used Up Proposal Research: The Socio-Ecological Network 70

Edgar Allan Poe’s short-story, “The Man That Was Used Up”, describes an American war veteran and hero who, from the initial perspective of the narrator, seems to be in peak physical shape. As the story progresses, it is revealed that the veteran is very damaged from his many battles. He is barely recognizable as living, let alone human without his artificial attachments. As the hero composes himself, we become aware of his history as well as the composition and history of each of his artificial limbs. Each element has a specific history of how it was lost (a leg in battle, teeth from torture, etc) as well as a specific history of how the attachment was procured. 7

Bishop Pettit de l’orme’s Ducrow

Thomas Dr. Williams

Lost eyes

Lost teeth

Lost hair

“Those kickappos are not so very slow at a gouge...” Lost tongue

ducrow

pettit Lost bosom

“They not only knocked in the roof of my mouth, but took the trouble to cut off at least seven-eights of my tongue.”

Patrick J. McAndrews

“... The big bugaboo rammed me down with the butt end of his rifle.”

m par

“scalping is a rough process, after all...”

’s

lia

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bishop

Parmly’s

The Socio-Ecological Network

“The Soul resides at the point where the “I” is decided.” - Michel serra

Stelarc & Membership Proposal Research: The Socio-Ecological Network 72

In the specific context of post-humanism, the understanding of the self is of particular interest. Especially in the work of artist, Stelarc, the accessory is an important component of the self. These attachments are controlled through a variety of methodologies. His use of crowd sourced connections and remote control / sensing is of particular interest for this proposal. This includes “Ear on Arm” which was intended to be a third “ear” which could be remotely accessed through the internet. The intent was to allow internet users to hear what Stelarc heard at all times. This third ear attachment extends the understanding of the individual and the self through perception and the movement of what Serra called the point of the “soul”. Much of this discussion can also be associated with another of his projects, the ”Third Arm” in which he attached a robotic arm to his existing right arm and used the accessory in a variety of experiments and

9. Stelarc webpage

work. 9 There exists a possible connection which would allow others to control the arm attached to Stelarc. This outside involvement with his “self” or body extension begins to address the ambiguity of the “self” and the “other” in a highly connected context. Certainly the “self” extends beyond the immediate context of the event (the result of the host-connected user interchange). The extent to which the host allows the connected user to operate the accessory is for the host to decide. As a result, the host is never out-of-control and subsequently never unresponsibly for the actions perpetrated through the accessory. This is especially true if the host has the ability to discriminate and filter the actions, intentions, and potential users themselves. This becomes a particular element of restraint within a larger network of individuals and organizations for those individuals to connect

ABOVE: Figure 2.12, Stelarc and Posthumanist network connection between the “self” and the rest of a network

The Socio-Ecological Network

Pollution Control Monitoring

Reduce Health Risk

Reduce Environment Risk

Technological Innovation

Environmental Responsibility

Enrich Life (Society)

Monitoring Health Trend

Leadership

Informed Citizens

Evidence Based Policy

Enforce Law Fairly

ABOVE: Figure 2.13, Air Quality Organization Goals Overlap

Shaping Health Research

to for immediate feedback and possible action / decision suggestions. The need for the individual to choose organizations to align themselves with is the basis for this proposal. Each possible organization to connect with assigns themselves specific interests which represents their specific goals.

These organizations become the way that the user mediates their time and space, allowing them to make decisions with information provided to them by organizations which they align most closely to. The individual begins to develop their own programmatic envelope in which they create their own decision-space.

The individual begins to develop their own programmatic envelope in which they create their own decision-space.

Patrick J. McAndrews

The initial perspective of participating organizations is intended to be directed towards the interactions of social networks and ecological networks within themselves and with each other.

Project Introduction

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The Socio-Ecological Network

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are aligned with user-selected non-government organizations that collect relevant information for decision-making processes. The resultant subjective perspective of the surrounding environment is based on the value sets of the member and their subscribed NGO’s. Each of three systems works to accomplish this adaptation. Time Compression (Visualization): The convergence of time in space; the condensation of a timeline into a moment or image. This particularly represents specific sets of events or actions, which link the past, present, and future. The linkage is based on causality with as much accuracy as is available (an intentional departure from Chris Anderson’s ‘End of Theory’). The momentum of the decision / event provides the ‘Larger picture’ of intensified futures.

ABOVE: Figure 2.14, The SocialEcological Network

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ABOVE: Figure 2.15, The SocioEcological Network in Context

The Disjunctions

Navigation (Map of Actions):

Score (Reward Culmination): In both Time Compression and Navigation, actions are analyzed with comparison to projective and optimized possible outcomes. A subjective tone is necessary to reduce indecision and latency. The score mechanism is introduced as a metric for the subjective association roles and rules for which the member has adopted for them.

The Socio-Ecological Network is the establishment of a symbiotic relationship between the components of a social network and an ecologic network.

Patrick J. McAndrews

While the visualization of compressed time seeks to provide the larger picture of the SocioEcological Networks, Navigation seeks to provide detailed if not direct moment-to-moment analysis of possible choices and subsequent actions. Navigation exists as the causal connection to Time Compression. Here â&#x20AC;&#x153;levelsâ&#x20AC;? exist to allow for a wide range of experience between members.

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The Disjunctions

The effects of this network are global and universal. Each individual and each component are capable of significant impact throughout. The Socio-Ecological Network initiates as an embedded application among web-based devices. This is inclusive of smartphones, tablet computers, and laptop computers. The ubiquity of these tools will allow the application to thrive in a context and input rich environment. The initial goal beyond individual accountability within a community is the evaluation of existing devices. This evaluation accounts for Cradle to Grave assessments of the devices on which the application has been embedded. This

initial feedback mechanism works to initiate a cycle of iterations which allow the devices to be accountable for their own socio-ecological effects. Ultimately, the long-term goals of this project are to develop the understanding and implications of the socio-ecological network. The development of an infra-network is significant to this understanding as a means of reinforcement and grounds for future development. This project anticipates the moment of the conceptualization of understanding and decision as significant in every process and relation within

ABOVE: Figure 2.16, The Disjunctions of social networking technologies on ecological systems

The Socio-Ecological Network

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C “I go up”, said the elevator, “or down.” “Good,” said Zaphod, “We’re going up.” “Or down,” the elevator reminded him. “Yeah, OK, up please.” There was a moment of silence. “Down’s very nice,” suggested the elevator hopefully. “Oh yeah?” “Super.”

10. “The Restaurant at the End of the Universe” by Douglas Adams

“Good,” said Zaphod, “Now will you take us up?” “May I ask you,” inquired the elevator in its sweetest, most reasonable voice, “if you’ve considered all the possibilities that down might offer you?”10 This marks the radical shift in the components of that participate in the socio-ecological network. The smart-products may no longer participate with the “can so will” operations. Instead the network develops and encourages a new vocabulary, which ultimately aims to break the habitual blasé.

Patrick J. McAndrews

and between the socio-ecological networks. At that moment, technological development can step forward in combination with the socio-ecological network to develop the socioecological infra-network.

The Socio-Ecological Network

Project Introduction:

Membership

Time Compression Envelope

The Socio-Ecological Network encourages interaction between peers (members of a similarly biased organizations. These organizations are initially intended to be nongovernment organizations with social and ecological agendas. These agendas manifest themselves as decision-space envelopes which crystalize in the augmented view of the individual members. It was especially important that these decision envelopes represent possible decisions and outcomes in a way that organized the decisions on levels of preference (as per one or more organizational biases). This decision space catalysed decisions of possible short term and long term actions. Since these decisions are made through a network of archives, forcasts, and especially other members, each member decision introduces its own record, which adds to the information that shape and evolve the organizational decision making process.

This system begins to set up a hierarchy of member relations were a member with a similar background and similar decision making processes informs the way other members are able to view their decision-space envelope. The decision-space envelope tends to crystallize in the form of a navigational tool (under the navigation type of the Socio-Ecological Network construct). However, the manifestation of the decision in a compressed moment of time and space (under the time-compression type of the Socio-Ecological Network) is an important part of the navigation process and will affect not only the host member of that time-compression manifestation but also those that â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;follow in their footstepsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. These time-compression visualizations are archived within the NGO connection calculations and tactics. These visualizations can be as simple as car crash visualizations (see above) and as complex as building impact visualizations (discussed later).

ABOVE: Figure 2.17, Introduction to the Event Envelope in the TimeCompression

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ABOVE: Figure 2.18, Member relations between New and Senior Members

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While each member (new or senior) is ultimately able to calibrate the network connections with the NGOs (and subsequent organizations with social and ecological goals and objectives), it is important the ‘new members’ have the benefit of the experience and record of outcomes of previous and current ‘senior members’. This is manifested in three categories of data and predictions: past, present, and future.

The Past is the histories of previous presents and futures. This is a calumniation of previous futures and decisions that would have lead to those futures. Validity is given to outcomes which matched predicted outcomes (for better or worse). The Present is those decisions that crystallize in the moment. They are well informed by the host member’s Past and those Pasts which have validity for this members potential futures. The Future is of course the collections of forecasts which inform the actions of the host member in the moment. Whereas the Present is the crystallization of the envelope, these futures are the individual components of that envelope. Each NGO and subsequent organizations hold their own biases and goals with unique methods of achieving those objectives. These biases ultimately are the source of variety within the decision-space envelope.

Patrick J. McAndrews

The member relations are particularly important within all three types of the Socio-Ecological Network (time-compression, navigation, and reward). The relationship between ‘new members’ and ‘senior members’ are particularly important in the prediction and forecasting of potential decisions and resultant outcomes. The ‘senior member’ has the advantage of an extensive personal knowledge of not only the Socio-Ecological Network, but also ability for the network to impact their own decisions.

Organizational Membership

Organizational Membership The Socio-Ecological Network 84

The NRDC The NRDC interface element is expressly extraverted. The application of the organizational structure onto the member’s interactions is intentionally confrontational / interruptive. This behavior is predicated on the ability to accumulate information from surrounding Elements with Legible History (ELH). The resultant collection of ELHs is FILTERED to determine probabilistic interactions of these ELHs on other ELHs and the Host Member (HM). These probabilities are determined through forecasting the behavior of each ELH. NRDC accumulates the statistical analysis of legislative and judicial outcomes (founding basis for individual-to-individual outcomes) to develop an Outcome Almanac. This Almanac specifies important bench markers for interaction based on the accumulation of legislative and judicial outcomes as well as previous individual outcomes. Specific outcomes (demarcated both through long-term and shortterm behavioral changes) are rooted within specific causal behaviors. The NRDC condones and guides only legal conduct and provides for no navigation, time compression, or reward activities that are illegal 11 . The Interface elements guided under the NRDC are intended to indicate ELHs with the statistically highest ability for improvement (both directly and indirectly). Confrontation itself is utilized as both an immersive and observable experience (those engaged in confrontation and those observing it). 11. NRDC web page 12. Clean-Air Cool Planet web page

Clean Air- Cool Planet The CA-CP interface is highly introverted. As in the organization’s structure, the application seeks to provide measurable impact analysis for the Host Member (HM). This analysis is augmented into long-term and short-term plans for induced enhancement of the HM’s sustainable in the Socio-Ecological Network. These plans include the timeline endpoint of carbon neutrality with specific targets and reduction measurable created with the Host Member. The interface establishes itself as an envelopment of choices and timelines. Preference is given to those elements (specific or general choices) that align most suitably with the Host Member’s timelines of short-term and long-term goals. A continues series of triggerpoints define a constantly changing polygon / envelope. The envelope expresses at once the importance of available decisions as well as the decisions themselves.12

The Socio-Ecological Network

Greenpeace Greenpeace organizes itself outside of government, politics, and corporations to establish an active undertaking by individuals or groups to achieve goals outside of less direct Social / political channels. The organization directs its efforts towards direct-action, lobbying, and research. Among its direct-action exploits, the Green Peace organization works well (although not explicitly condoned or condemned) vigilante activity and decision-making processes. 13

This interface seeks to envelop subjected ELHs in their own futures (tuned with bias analysis of past and current actions / implantations and

13. Greenpeace web page

existences) including extreme decision-inertia options, consequences, and interactions). This envelopment is established and codified within the fabric of the long-term agendas of the organization and the Host Member. When an ELH moves beyond its collective inertia, it induces the Shattering Point. The inherent violence necessary to push the ELH to this point is created by the interactions of other ELHs including the Host Member. At the level of the daily or hourly basis, the short-term interface organizes itself as a â&#x20AC;&#x153;liquid arrowâ&#x20AC;? which organizes decision points on the basis of time and distance.

Patrick J. McAndrews

The Greenpeace interface provides for participation within the areas of global warming, deforestation, overfishing, commercial whaling, and anti-nuclear issues. Participation includes engagement as an individual as well as in groups. The interface encourages activities, which promote and connect the areas of directaction, lobbying, and research. In particular, the interface seeks the expansion of its biasselected investigation research through directaction (whistleblowing, hacking, etc.) in longterm engagement and activity as a Host Member within the Greenpeace envelope. The interface utilizes ELHs (Elements with Legible History) to direct navigation and TimeCompression to specific elements with high direct-action and research potentials for shortterm and long-term guidance. ELHs with contextually low levels of stored history are given higher preference for research interaction. This research can depend on the engagement of the Host Member in short-term guidance or through periphery engagement in long-term objectives and principles.

Organizational Membership The Socio-Ecological Network 86

Environmental Defense Fund The Environmental Defense Fund undertakes initiatives based on “sound science, economics, and law”. The organization attempts to work primarily on issues concerning global warming, ecosystem restoration, oceans, and human health. The EDF seeks to focus on unique scientifically important challenges to produce transformational change within marketbased solutions. This approach guides the Environmental Defense Fund’s own research as well as the research that it funds. Ultimately the intention of the Environmental Defense Fund is to develop long-term solutions for ecological problems. 14 The EDF interface implements short-term and individualized long-term schemes for decision-making processes. All implementable solutions are tempered with the equal weighted approaches and constraints of science, economics, and law. As a result, radical guidance / suggestions are significantly less likely to occur when dramatic negative effects are forecast due to implementation. The interface aligns itself with participating organizations giving preference to intersections of corporate partnerships and Host Member consumer needs and desires. The interface works within the unrestricted route of the Host Member, offering an augmented layer of bias-bound suggestions linking organizations participating with the EDF to the HM user. 14. EDF web page 15. Sierra Club web page

Sierra Club The Sierra Club lists among its goals, “to practice and promote the responsible use of the earth’s ecosystems and resources; to educate and enlist humanity to protect and restore the quality of the natural and human environment”. Members are encouraged to “use all lawful means to carry out …objectives…” in 17 categories of human and environmental interaction. The Sierra Club has developed a Climate Recovery Agenda aimed at cutting carbon emissions by 80 percent by the year 2050. 15 The SC interface seeks to provide a guide for manageable compliance with the projective aim of 80 percent reduction in carbon emissions by 2050. As part of this goal, the Host Member may adopt resource usage and pollution outputtrading techniques within social and activist network “groups”. The Host Member has the ability to “donate” their allotment of resource and pollution usage to network co-members (friends, family, or fellow activists and activist organizations). Activist organizations are able to collect renounced resource allocations marking their effectiveness and popularity.

The Socio-Ecological Network

American Lung Association

The ALA interface condones behavior that would enforce the policies already put into action (judicial or legislative). Although the interface allows for individual confrontation, it does not condone vigilante behavior, rather it utilizes the Time-Compression and navigation tools to allow Host Members to orient themselves in their context with information on air quality especially from direct pollution (smoking, vehicle exhaust, Building exhaust). 16. ALA web page 17. WWF web page

World Wildlife Federation The WWF establishes its goals between reverence for nature and in the possibilities of humanity especially when the two are in harmony with each other. These combine in to 6 areas of interest: protect species, conserve places, transform businesses, tackle climate change, work with communities, and develop science-base solutions. The organization seeks to reduce threats to the diversity of life on Earth.17 The World Wildlife Federation’s interface seeks to challenge the Host Member to operate within the rule sets associated with the organization. This interface gives preference towards longterm climate change tactics within the Host Member’s community (both social and ecological networks).

Patrick J. McAndrews

The ALA seeks to improve lung health through education, advocacy, and research with the specific goals to eliminate tobacco use and subsequently tobacco related lung disease, improve air quality, and to reduce the burden of lung dieses on patients and their families. The association commitments itself to high standards of ethical conduct in all of our operations including “accurate and complete information”, and “exercise care and act in good faith, to comply with all laws, regulations, and organizational policies”. The ALA works to support and fund lung cancer research as well as clean air and tobacco prohibition related legislation.16

Organizational Membership The Socio-Ecological Network

Conservation International

CI aims to protect nature, and its biodiversity for the benefit of humanity through climate change, fresh water security, health, food security, biodiversity, and cultural services. They implement these changes through diverse implementations of science, partnership, and field demonstrations. New projects are selected and developed on their merit to achieve significant change. 18 Similarly, the Conservation International interface embodies the necessity for a large impact event. The interface seeks the largest potential of an interaction that it can within the limits of the ELH in the physical proximity. The event is aimed at being the spectacle for resultant change in members and non-members alike. 18. Conservation International web page 19. Earth Watch Institute web page

Earthwatch Earthwatch seeks to engage people worldwide in the scientific field through its values to be inclusiveness, objectivity, passion, empowerment, and responsibility. Earthwatch supports scientific advancement through field research and funding support including 6 million dollars to over 70 research projects worldwide (as of 2012). Earthwatch has specific interest in ecosystem services, climate change, oceans, and cultural heritage. 19 The Earthwatch interface seeks to encourage passion and responsibility through empowerment and inclusion.

The Socio-Ecological Network

The Earth Island Institute supports people and groups who are creating solutions to protect our “shared planet”. EII is a business support system for viable ecologically minded ideas. 20 The Earth Island Institute’s interface supports this initiative through a similar support system for Host Members that take initiative in their everyday lives towards a more sustainable future in the Socio-Ecological Network.

20. Earth Island Institute web page

Patrick J. McAndrews

Earth Island Institute

Time-Compression

Introduction The Socio-Ecological Network

Time-Compression:

As the ever constant visualization of the world of options beyond the immediate environment, Time-Compression manifests itself on all elements with data that has been collected, could be collected, or generally has specific ramifications for the people and things that occupy the context and are implicated in projective futures.

Time-Compression is the convergence of time in space; the condensation of a time line into a moment or image. This is particularly represents specific sets of events of actions, which link the past, present, and future. The linkage is based on causality with as much accuracy as is available ( an intentional departure from Chris Anderson’s “End of Theory”21). The momentum of the decision-space event provides the ‘larger picture’ of intensified futures. In this proposal, the Time-Compression type is most ubiquitous as a data based spike graft over readable elements or SPIMES ( from Bruce Sterling)22. The Spikes develop a language (discussed later) which allows for multiple readings of the SPIME. These elements may be read on multiple levels (every component of the visualization has specific meaning). The Time-Compression visualization can move beyond the spike visualization a s specific instances which relate to the host-member in a specific manner. Above, the host-member sees his own body superimposed on another individual, being harmed by the pollutants which are being released by the host-member’s car. He also sees this potential future (or lack there of) projected on the ground, illustrating a sequence of cause and effect images that are designed to catalyze the host-members decision-space envelope.

21. “The End of Theory” by Chris Anderson 22. “Shaping Things” by Bruce Sterling

In the scenario on the next page, New York University’s Brown Building is viewed by a relatively experienced member of the Socio-Ecological Network. They are able to understand three things immediately from the building: The water and HVAC systems are not running efficiently, and the buildings recorded carbon footprint and future projections of usage suggest that it has a carbon footprint significantly higher then average in New York City as well as projected by New York University. These elements are visualized beyond the initial depiction of the spikes due to their high level of specificity and relevance to the host-members perspective and bias.

ABOVE: Figure 2.19, TimeCompression Conception image

The crystal spikes are organized to relate to the immediate environment. The space they occupy around the building build-up even more readable information; they begin to “attack” the cars and people passing by, giving a statistical analysis at the percentage of people who would be potentially impacted by the operation of this building at its current rates (relative inertia). As will be elaborated, the objects grafted with these data-spikes are designed to allow for both short-term (as you pass the building) and longterm (passing the building everyday) research, utilizing this augmented facade as the interface for data mining and finding new connections to other SPIMEs in the context which relate specifically with particular data points (or, in this case, data spikes). Even beyond the specifics of the particular spikes, the overall organization relays an additional layer of information which mitigates the host-member’s engagement with the building itself.

RIGHT: Figure 2.20, Time compression Scenario at NYU’s Brown Building

The Socio-Ecological Network

Patrick J. McAndrews

The Socio-Ecological Network

Time-Compression:

Data Spike Visualization

As the host-member becomes more experienced in data mining through the Time-Compression typology, the interface grows more complex. At the core of this complexity is the the articulation and arrangement that the spike crystals form into as representations of the data they hold.

The spikes are categorized by the information that they hold. These groupings are then given specific locations on the augmented facade. The spikes that are closer to eye level tend to be of more statistical importance to the hostmember. The most important level of distinction of the spikes is their articulations. The crystal spike graft is a very intentional screen over the object. In this particular case, the crystals attempt to call attention to important components of the building by forming clumps of highly dense, skewed spikes. In the case of the scene on the previous page, the formation at the corner of the building is in specific reference to the building and organization’s waste and pollution discrepancies with local, state, and federal pollution laws. The resultant screen becomes the specific method of engagement, allowing or denying access the the host-member. The strict ability for the data spikes to completely stop the host-member is mediated by the member’s engagement with the organization(s) for which the data spikes are initiated for and represent. The host-member has the ability to adjust their relative submergence into the spikes. This can range from very little engagement (the spikes rarely appear and when they do, they are nearly flat on the surface of the SPIME object that they are representing data for) to extensive and ubiquitous (the host-member is forced to navigate through the ever changing spikes, whose subsequent contact significantly alter the visual perception of the host member). The plethora of intricate articulation nuances are utilized to engage the particular aesthetic preferences of the host-members. The experienced, ‘senior member’ is engaged in an augmentation which utilizes his own inherent subjectivity in the representation of beneficial and / or malicious data spikes as a mechanism for visualizing the bias of the host-members organizational alignments. These spikes become a component for a more advanced mechanism of the Socio-Ecological Network. They serve as indicators for future interaction through engagement with research and case-by-case interaction and involvement between SPIME objects, other members, and even non-members. The varying degree of impact between the organizational biases of goals, research, and methodology of goal

Construction Costs Financial Statistics & Records Academic Affiliation Community Outreach Garbage Output Statistics Community Development Carbon Release History & Projections Heating & Air Conditioning Costs Water Usage History & Projections Income History & Projections Government Funding Government Lobbying Institute Initiatives Maintenance Cost History Political Involvement Research History Waste & Pollution of Building & Organization Ozone Precursor Contribution International Connections Public Funding Environmental Policy

LEFT: Figure 2.21, TimeCompression Spike Cluster Close-up

LEFT: Figure 2.22, TimeCompression Spike articulation Close-up

Right: Figure 2.23, TimeCompression Spike articulation effect diagram

The Socio-Ecological Network

Patrick J. McAndrews

The Socio-Ecological Network

Time-Compression:

Non-Member Interaction

achievements are able to be represented through the representation of components of the host-members augmented interface.

The Non-member is represented as the interface would represent SPIME objects. That is to say, that non-members acquire active and dynamic data spike grafts. These grafts are particularly responsive to the actions and situations of their host. Engagement with individuals is an essential component to several of the researched NGOs, especially with Greenpeace whose motives and values along with their methods suggest a vigilante behavior. In the scenario to the right, the host-member finds a man smoking outside of building. When the host-members Greenpeace bias is given full opacity in the interface of the Host-member, he is presented with suggestions of near vigilante behavior, pulling the cigarette from the manâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mouth and extinguishing it in the near-by trash can. In lower levels of opacity in this NGO and / or other organizations, the host-member would be much more passive. He would be directed to avoid the smoking man to improve his probability of being harmed by the smoke by turning around and recalculating his route to his current destination or to cross the street to the other side. In either situation, the suggestion is not necessarily adopted by the host-member. It is ultimately up to the host-member to do. He may choose to recalibrate the opacity of the Greenpeace bias in order to align with his own anti-vigilante sentiments, thereby allowing other organizational biases to fill the gap. The interaction between the host-member and the non-member is ultimately more sophisticated because the product of the non-members life in the form of statistics is introduced as a screen over him, a screen that he may not know is being displayed by the host-members augmentation. With this comes the moral dilemma of security of information and privacy. This proposal exerts that privacy does not, in and of itself, dominate the concerns of the Socio-Ecological Network. The objective is to guide the host-user to make better informed decisions regarding their immediate and extensive surroundings and context. To this extent, the data spike graft allows perspective to the decision-space envelop, mediated by an icon which appears in this scenario, the Infinity Icon. The Infinity Icon mediates between the varied typologies of the

RIGHT: Figure 2.24, TimeCompression visualization of Non-members

Socio-Ecological Network: Time-Compression, Navigation, and Reward. The icon collects elemental information free each of the active typologies and subsequent data points (filtered importance through the alignment bias). In this scenario, the icon mediates the augmented image of the non-member smoking with the bias filters to demonstrate the harmful effects of smoking on the host-member and his peers in the social networks with which he interacts. Its calibration to the host-member will even seek to attach emotional significance to the data (if called for through the bias) by applying the presented statistics to the host-members known social connections, demonstrating rate of death and illness through representation (1 particular friend would be chosen to represent a mortality or illness rate. The Infinity Icon becomes the starting point for any particular investigations through the hostmemberâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s augmented view. It is the manifestation of the interface which allows the user to mitigate negative impacts on themselves and others. It also is refined to change and evolve with the member, changing utility as needed under shortterm and long-term constraints.

The Socio-Ecological Network

Patrick J. McAndrews

The infinity loop itself allows for several opportunities. The creation of the loop itself signifies the new user (or returning users). The gradient of the bars represent the intensity of the choices to be made. A dark gradient (dark blue to black) denotes the extreme nature and urgency of choices. A light gradient (light blue to white or transparent) demonstrates the lighter nature of choices (less extreme consequences

In addition to the demarcation of the significance of the host-member’s decisions, the splitbar infinity graphic is utilized to show specific connections between decisions and data derivatives and precursors to the decision making process. As the infinity icon grows, it demonstrates the host-members increased synchronization with their organizational alignments. This serves two primary purposes; to give the host-member a metric of achievement to strive for, as well as point out inconstancies that may exist between the host-member and their aligned organizations which may not be reconcilable and may demonstrate a shift in organizational bias alignments.

The Socio-Ecological Network

Time-Compression:

Infinity Icon

The Infinity Icon is the source for discovery within the Socio-Ecological Network. It serves as both an indicator and index interface. It becomes the connective tissue between elements in the viewable region. The icon serves to identify areas of possible investigation and suggests specific areas of inquiry based on the host member’s memberships.

and implications). Again, the host member has the ultimate control over the organizations, which determine the nature of choices to be made. This is the ultimate filter for the SocialEcological Network. The infinity symbol was selected in alignment of this proposal’s goal to inform and educate members. It becomes the representation of continuous nature of improvement of the Social Network and Ecological Network as well as the individual components of each. The significances of the host-member’s decisions are processed through the past 24 hours of use. Since this proposal imagines the deployment of this application today on existing devices, the 24 hour activity is referred to 24 hours of usage and will continue to rollover while in use.

The metric for the full infinity loop is attached to the rewards typology of the Socio-Ecological Network and will be discussed later. In order to promote continued growth and achievement, the icon bars will begin to dissipate at the same 24 hour rate as the bar gradient coloration. As time moves beyond particularly significant decisions, the infinity bar will lose bars, requiring the hostmember to continue to investigate, act, decide, and navigate in ways that are in alignment with their member organizations. The Infinity Icon is the manifestation of the host-member’s past with the understanding that it is this history which influences their present and subsequently their future. This is the application of the member to member interactions of Past, Present, and Future. The archival of individual member’s Infinity Icons is essential for the advanced calibration of current and future members.

ABOVE: Figures 2.25 and 2.26, Infinity Icon growth progression

The Socio-Ecological Network

ABOVE: Figures 2.27, Infinity Icon growth progression,

BELOW Figures 2.28, Final Infinity Icon growth progression,

Patrick J. McAndrews 99

The Socio-Ecological Network

Time-Compression:

New Member Calibration

As previously mentioned, the time-compression relies on the experience of the host-member to elaborate with ubiquitous behaviors and overpowering visualizations. As this render suggests, the data-spike graft is relatively simplistic from the onset.

100

Depending on the membership affiliations, the augmentation will simplify the interface as much as possible. In several organizational alignments, the context will appear in black and white, allowing the host-member to concentrate on specific components of their view. In this scenario, the augmented view is grayscaled with the exception of the data spikes and specific elements in the foreground. Here, the interface seeks to illustrate the importance of the traffic cone and street lights and signs. The data spikes take a more immediate background to the issues for which the host-member is already assigned (in this case, navigation through the context to a particular predetermined destination before this particular context was observed by the host-member. This scenario specifies that the context has little impact on what the host-member has already chosen to accomplish. That is to say that the time-compression mechanism is intentionally avoiding possible confusions from timecompression and navigation overlap. The data spikes will not interfere with the host-memberâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s decisions unless they engage with the spikes themselves. Even the articulation of the data spikes is inherently reduced. The screen effect is still utilized but is easily looked beyond. As this host-member continues to develop, their ability to interact with the augmented visualization with increase and so also will the opportunities to engage in these activities. The interactions between the typologies of the Socio-Ecological Network will begin to intertwine and the ability to switch between them will engage the moment to moment decision-space, with or without the formal opacity of the envelop. This decision-space is mediated specifically through the Navigation typology.

RIGHT: FIGURE 2.29, Low Level Time-compression and Infinity Icon

The Socio-Ecological Network

Patrick J. McAndrews

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Navigation

Introduction Navigation: The Socio-Ecological Network 104

The Navigation component of the SocioEcological Network is understood to be taken in two perspectives; near vicinity and distance interactions. The vicinity oriented Navigation is particularly important because it is the decisionpoint node which to this point has been called the decision-space envelop. The Navigation typology is the source of the host-memberâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s intentionality. The envelop ensures that the host-member has a specific purpose by presenting a set of options that the host-member most choose from. The Navigation is intended to move beyond existing conceptions of GPS directions or Orientation. It is more concerned with the methods used in the decision-space itself. The host-member is to select their path based on the information they have or can find in that moment. For this reason, the decision-point moves into a 3 dimensional space which relays the possible

choices with subsequent consequences. This develops the decision-point into the decisionspace; the ability to formally visualize several dimensions of a decision process in a single moment and space (although not to be confused with the previous Time-Compression). Unlike the Infinity Icon, the navigation node is not designed to be specifically open to longterm research, it emphasizes the need to make a decision in the moment with the current information provided by the Socio-Ecological Network and the host-memberâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s connectivity with the components of that network. With this in mind, the navigation node ceases to be a window or thin membrane, it becomes a data rich and substantial barrier. It represents the gravity and monumentality of the decision point. The spatial quality of the envelope varies based on the potential options. This initial developed into the conception of a series of planar panels which provided decision perspectives, detached from

ABOVE: Figure 2.30, Initial Navigation Node typology

The Socio-Ecological Network

ABOVE: Figure 2.31, Iterative Navigation Node typology

the immediate environment and intended as more of a generalization for the host-members subsequent day of actions and decisions.

So, rather then create a space in decisions, the envelope would become the space between decisions, allowing a sort of fractal perspective between the 4th and 5th dimensions of space. Here, the fractal is much closer to 4.1 then to 5, representing a vantage point on the avant-garde

This embedded nature of the journey becomes particularly important with the introduction of the second component of the Navigation typology, the liquid arrow for longer distance travel and navigation (discussed later). The envelope of the decision-space is the fundamental apparatus for focus in the SocioEcological Network, simultaneously limiting visual associations with irrelevant data noise while focusing attention on the elementary moments of potential futures in the decision making process. This is, of course, on of the fundamental goals of the proposal.

Patrick J. McAndrews

It became clear that this would not be enough to demonstrate clear connections and causalities rather then mere correlation. Instead of acting as augmented keys and buttons, the envelope would need to represent its own presents and connection with both the immediate environment and by extensions of iterative decision making processes, be able to demonstrate a sophisticated understanding of the connection between moments (connections between Pasts, Presents, and Futures).

edge of the temporal dimension in which we already exist. It becomes a matter of representing information noise in a new way which creates flowing connections of understanding and interpretation which allow the host-member to simultaneously be both above and within the decision process he is prompted to embark on.

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Navigation:

Close Vicinity

The Navigation typology for a local and visible vicinity is the Decision-Space Envelope. It is the buildup of possible and likely decisions based on the host-members association and membership in participating organization groups. Possible options are illustrated in levels of opacity, which allow for the organizational biases to limit the blase effect of the decision space.

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Specificity of the individual decision components are detailed by the articulation and manifestation of the polygonal elementâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s size, shape, and orientation in three-dimensional space. The envelope is developed to bring opportunities with high statistical outcomes and beneficially forecasted decision to a better view for the hostmember. The polygons rotated toward the perpendicular view of the host-member (that is to say, in the direct line of sight), tend to be more beneficial in the perspective of the affiliated biases. Those polygons which are not in a similarly easy line-of-sight are among the options with the least benefit as calibrated by the member / organizational bias relationship. The size and shape of the component polygon surfaces are designed to demonstrate a similar level of decision specificity. The relative location on the polygon is the direct result of the relationship between the hostmember and the subject for which the polygon was created (that is to say, the way in which the envelope chooses to associate with an object (SPIME or not). In affect, the decision-space envelope is much more expansive then a close and intimate interface membrane surrounding the host-member, it is composed of the many intersections of networked element-choice relationships at a particular point. The envelop extends with armatures towards existing and potential futures by the evaluation of the timecompression typologyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Past and Present components and thereby suggesting possible Future components. The envelop catalyses the decision making process by the use of opacity of the line-of-sight. The host-member is required to make a decision from the polygon envelop in order to move forward. Once a particular decision has been identified, that polygon surface will grow in size and transparency, allowing the host-member to move through the envelope and beyond the decision-space. Once this occurs, the distance related navigation component engages the user for further guidance (the liquid arrow which will be discussed in the next section). The hostmember will encounter similar spatial envelopes in the visual augmentation often in the future.

ABOVE: Figure 2.32, Vicinity Navigation Decision-Space Envelop

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The Liquid Arrow

The Liquid Arrow is the distance based mechanism for the Navigation Typology. It represents a loose suggestion which is open to possible changes as seen fit by the hostmember. While it represents a specific decision made within the reference of the bias based organization, it retains the autonomy of choice. The conception of a water-like substance is related to movement through time, representing simultaneously the present decision while also illustrating other options (embedded on the liquid arrow itself). The arrow utilizes the esthetic quality of reflectivity in liquids to develop an interface of reflections ( not only of the past but of the present and future). These reflections illustrate a significantly less binding or dominant view of parallel options and decisions. The hostmember will have walked through the enlarged polygon structure which represented his choice in the decision-space envelope, in doing so, the liquid arrow manifests itself at the heart of the “self” or as Serra calls it, the “point of the soul”23.

The Socio-Ecological Network

Navigation:

The liquid becomes an extension of the hostmember, representing his intensions from the moment of the choice. As such, the liquid arrow is an important indicator to other members. The Bias alignments between organizations and their members becomes the determining factor for visualizing a specific member’s liquid arrow.

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Member’s Liquid Arrow visible to other members

RIGHT: Figure 2.34, Liquid Arrow Navigation diagram

23. “The Five Senses” by Michel Serras

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Memberâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Liquid Arrow visible to other members

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Host Memberâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Liquid Arrow appears once a choice is made

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Reward System

LEFT: Reward map of New York City

EDF: Action zone Experience zone Investigation zone Satisfaction zone

The Socio-Ecological Network

Reward System:

Greenpeace: Confrontation zone Comfort zone Joy zone Learning zone Enforcement zone

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Clean-Air Cool-Planet: Relaxation zone Education zone Empowerment zone

ABOVE: Figure 2.35, Reward Typology Map

The Socio-Ecological Network The Reward component of the Socio-Ecological Network is the result of the relationship between the Time-compression and Navigation typologies in action with the alignment of membership with NGOs.

Over time, specific spaces obtain prominence throughout the network for particular goal, aspiration, and method accomplishment. This reward system would be present across the globe, as widely ubiquitous as the SocioEcological Network itself.

Patrick J. McAndrews

As the Socio-Ecological Network propagates, the histories of actions and decisions are embedded as temporal and spatial articulations of a specific context (regarding culture, government, society, values, interests, etc). Specific regions (of ever changing density and magnitude) evolve to fulfill particular decision sets.

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Conclusion:

As I moved through the two semesters that make up the Final Project sequence, I began to understand the broader implications of my proposal. At the end of the first semester, I was asked “Who would build and operate this system?”. At the time I was naïve enough to believe that answer was simply “everybody”. I am sure with continued though and development, even the conclusions drawn here will seem just as naive, but I believe that the inherent wisdom of the Socio-Ecological Network is that it is operated by all of its members but at the same time, there is no single entity which has control. Such a mechanism is divided evenly through the project. The Navigation mechanism is no more powerful then the Time-Compression typology or the Rewards System. However, I do make the effort to understand how the network could be utilized in specific ways which could harm non-members alike. The possibility that the resultant archives could be utilized to devise punishments for each member (or even non-members) is particularly potent. The intentional redevelopment of the Rewards space into a punishment space is provocative. Yet, I cannot say that this is something that should be avoided. As a network like the one I have developed becomes ever more influential in society, new products, software, even new organizations will develop which would intend to shift the capabilities of the network into new directions.

The individual elements which broadcast this augmentation would be subject to just as much advancement if not more. The implications of software have had a significant role on the

We already find personal data (even at the level of anonymous surveys) to be of significant value (stolen identifies for example). The ability to control information distribution has been at the heart of growing concerns regarding the ubiquity of global networks. I believe that this value is placed because of peoples inherent value in their own privacy. This privacy demonstrates a significant part of our existing culture, society, economy and even governments at a global scale. I believe that it is possible to take a completely new approach to personal data in the Socio-Ecological Network. The open availability of information (as well as the drive to seek more information) in the Networks is capable of creating embedded logics of the inherent Blase effect. I have spoken extensively of this effect through out the two semesters (although not formally) because of the need to limit potential information overloads. However, this is an inherent response to the current conditions of privacy affirmation which I have already discussed. I believe that host-members will have the ability to change the way that they interact with the two networks to be more open to sharing data. The notion that data should be a commodity (Facebook selling its profile information to advertisers) could be wiped out completely. I rely on the notion of the internet, being the ultimate blase tool (when you can do, see, or learn anything, you do not know what to do). It is this ability which provides the most promise for the induction of the Socio-Ecological Network into society. The Network is the product of the societal and ecological networks for which it attempts to improve. Ultimately, I believe that the Network has a place in the world as long as people seek the knowledge to improve themselves. The bias of such improvements will ultimately divide members into separate organizations, but it has the capability of bringing those components of society together through purpose in other means. The Socio-Ecological Network encourages the best in the individual by promoting the best in the society for which that individual has chosen to participate in. That has been the ultimate goal of the proposal and I think it has great potential in future developments. I intend to continue this work in my future academic career as well as my professional career as an architect, designer, and active member of society.

Patrick J. McAndrews

I envision a new market of development to allow people and organizations to escape the connections of the time-compression. The owners of expensive and dangerous buildings, companies, and products will soon way the costs of making changes to their property or to spend money to avoid detection (new materials which would aim to jam any transmission of their SPIME information. There would be an ever increasing race to develop new methods of blocking these transmissions, and then iterations of redevelopment which would seek to over come those blockages.

redevelopment of hardware. I believe that the implications of this proposal on the devices that we utilize today will be overwhelming. I believe that it would be a significant area of further study (an area I had hoped to begin in the context of this project proposal). Even beyond the technological advancements, I foresee significant changes in social patterns.

The Socio-Ecological Network

As the project draws to a close, I find it important to discuss my conclusions and future aspirations for the project. I envision that this proposal exists as a substantial frame work to continue to develop and elaborate on the world that I have created throughout the year. I hope to continue to develop the components of this project in the future in order to develop my position and personal alignments in the architectural discipline and beyond.

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FP2 Abstract:

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The Socio-Ecological Network is the establishment of a symbiotic relationship between the components of a social network and an ecologic network. The social network is the society and hierarchy that develops codes of conduct for member and context interactions. The ecological network is the context for the social network and has the ability to affect the efficiency and health of the social network and its members. Objects and correlations that are already related to each of these networks (Social network- friends, family, etc. Ecologic networkecosystems, air quality) have significant roles in the other (friends and family certainly play a role in the histories and futures of the ecosystems and air qualities of their environments). The Socio-Ecological Network is intended to adapt over time, thereby maintaining its usefulness. The network works because it adheres itself to the ambitions, intelligence, and experience of its members. These perspectives are aligned with user-selected non-government organizations that collect relevant information for decision-making processes. The resultant subjective perspective of the surrounding environment is based on the value sets of the member and their subscribed NGO’s. Each of three systems works to accomplish this adaptation. 1. Time Compression (Visualization): The convergence of time in space; the condensation of a time-line into a moment or image. This particularly represents specific sets of events or actions, which link the past, present, and future. The linkage is based on causality with as much accuracy as is available (an intentional departure from Chris Anderson’s ‘End of Theory’). The momentum of the decision / event provides the ‘Larger picture’ of intensified futures.

3. Score (Reward Culmination): In both Time Compression and Navigation, actions are analyzed with comparison to projective and optimized possible outcomes. A subjective tone is necessary to reduce indecision and latency. The score mechanism is introduced as a metric for the subjective association roles and rules for which the member has adopted for them.

Patrick J. McAndrews

2. Navigation (Map of Actions): While the visualization of compressed time seeks to provide the larger picture of the Socio-Ecological Networks, Navigation seeks to provide detailed if not direct moment-to-moment analysis of possible choices and subsequent actions. Navigation exists as the causal connection to Time Compression. Here “levels” exist to allow for a wide range of experience between members.

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Hyper-Interactive Trans-Location Dayan, Daniel, and Elihu Katz. Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1992. Print. Galloway, Alexander R. “The Unworkable Interface”. 2010. Print. Rivenburgh, Nancy K. “The Olympic Games, media, and the challenges of global image making”. <http://olympicstudies.uab. es/lec/pdf/rivenburgh.pdf> “Young Men of Color in the Media:.” Google Books. Web. 14 May 2012. <http://books.google.com/books/about/Young_men_ of_color_in_the_media.html?id=kfkuAAAAYAAJ>. Mendelbrot, B. B. “How Long Is the Coast of Britain? Statistical Self-similarity and Fractional Dimensions.” Web. . Bearse, Peter. “The Fractal Revolution.” Fractal Revolution. Web. <http://www.spectacle.org/999/bearse.html>. Porter, Eduardo. The Price of Everything: Solving the Mystery of Why We Pay What We Do. New York: Portfolio Penguin, 2011. Print. Cook, Peter. Archigram. New York: Praeger, 1973. Print. Novak, Marcos. “Transphysical City.” CTheory.net. Web. 14 May 2012. <http://www.ctheory.net/articles.aspx?id=76>. Galloway, Alexander R. Ausser Betrieb: Das Müssige Interface, (the Unworkable Interface). Köln: W. König, 2010. Print. Anderson, Chris. “The End of Theory: The Data Deluge Makes the Scientific Method Obsolete.” Wired.com. Conde Nast Digital. Web. Sept. 2011. <http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/16-07/pb_theory>. Novak, Marcos. “Transmitting Architecture.” CTheory.net. Web. Nov. 2011. <http://www.ctheory.net/articles.aspx?id=76>.

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Stross, Charles. Wireless. New York: Ace, 2009. Print. Haque, Usman. “The Choreography of Sensatons: Three Case Studies of Responsive Environment Interface.” 1-9. Web. Ground-level Ozone in the 21st Century: Future Trends, Impacts and Policy Impluications. The Royal Society. Web. <http:// royalsociety.org/uploadedFiles/Royal_Society_Content/policy/publications/2008/7925.pdf>. Clark, Duncan. “Google Discloses Carbon Footprint for the First Time.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 08 Sept. 2011. Web. 14 Jan. 2012. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/sep/08/google-carbon-footprint>. Galloway, Alexander R., and Eugene Thacker. The Exploit: a Theory of Networks. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2007. Print.

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Baldwin, John D., and Janice I. Baldwin. “Factors Affecting AIDS-Related Sexual Risk-Taking Behavior Among College Students.” The Journal of Sex Research 25.2 (1988): 181-96. Web.

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Carr, Joseph J., and John M. Brown. Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998. Print. Vinge, Vernor. Rainbows End: a Novel with One Foot in the Future. New York, NY: Tor, 2006. Print. “Samuel Weber: Displacing the Body.” The Hydra @ UCI. Web. 18 Dec. 2011. <http://hydra.humanities.uci.edu/weber/ displace.html>. Massumi, Brian. “Sensing The Virtual, Building The Insensible.” Architectural Design68.5/6 (1998): 16-24. Print. Sterling, Bruce. Shaping Things. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2005. Print. Anderson, Chris. “The End of Theory: The Data Deluge Makes the Scientific Method Obsolete.” Wired.com. Web. 18 Dec. 2011. <http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/16-07/pb_theory>.

“US Environmental Protection Agency.” EPA. Environmental Protection Agency. Web. Mar. 2012. <http://www.epa.gov/>. Stephenson, Neal. Snow Crash. New York: Bantam, 1992. Print. Poe, Edgar Allan, and Edgar Allan Poe. Murders in the Rue Morgue ; And, The Man That Was Used Up. Philadelphia: Published by W.H. Graham, 1843. Print. “Stelarc // Projects.” Stelarc // Projects. Web. Apr. 2012. <http://stelarc.org/?catID=20247>. Adams, Douglas. The Restaurant at the End of the Universe. New York: Harmony, 1981. Print. “Natural Resources Defense Council The Earth’s Best Defense | NRDC.” Natural Resources Defense Council The Earth’s Best Defense. Web. Feb. 2012. <http://www.nrdc.org/>. “Clean Air-Cool Planet.” Clean Air-Cool Planet. Web. 14 May 2012. <http://www.cleanair-coolplanet.org/>.

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“Greenpeace | Greenpeace.” Greenpeace. Web. Feb. 2012. <http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/>. “Environmental Defense Fund.” Environmental Defense Fund. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. <http://www.edf.org/>. “Sierra Club Home Page: Explore, Enjoy and Protect the Planet.” Sierra Club Home Page: Explore, Enjoy and Protect the Planet. Web. Apr. 2012. <http://www.sierraclub.org/>. American Lung Association Page.Web. <http://www.lung.org/about-us/>. “Wildlife Conservation, Endangered Species Conservation.” Wildlife Conservation, Endangered Species Conservation. Web. Apr. 2012. <http://www.worldwildlife.org/home-full.html>. “Home - Conservation International.” Home - Conservation International. Web. Apr. 2012. <http://www.conservation.org/ Pages/default.aspx>. “Earthwatch Worldwide.” Earthwatch Worldwide. Web. Apr. 2012. <http://www.earthwatch.org/>. “Earth Island Institute.” Earth Island Institute. Web. Apr. 2012. <http://www.earthisland.org/index.php/aboutUs/>. Anderson, Chris. “The End of Theory: The Data Deluge Makes the Scientific Method Obsolete.” Wired.com. Conde Nast Digital. Web. Nov. 2011. <http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/16-07/pb_theory>. Sterling, Bruce. Shaping Things. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2005. Print. Serres, Michel. The Five Senses: A Philosophy of Mingled Bodies. London: Continuum, 2008. Print.

Vinge, Vernor. Rainbows End. New York: Tor, 2006. Print. Stross, Charles. Accelerando. New York: Ace, 2005. Print. Hayles, N. Katherine., and Danielle Foushee. Nanoculture: Implications of the New Technoscience. Bristol, UK: Intellect, 2004. Print.

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15.1 http://civilwar.gratzpa.org 15.2 www.sonofthesouth.net 15.3 www.thepirateslair.com 20.1 upload.wikimedia.org 22.1 http://www.archigram.net/ 22.2 www.mat.ucsb.edu 30.1 arpla.fr 31.1 emeraldinsight.com 31.2 pingmag.jo 32.1 www.applefriend.com 33.1 megachan.net 33.2 hirvine.com 34.1 theultralinx.com 34.2 www.fubiz.net 35.1 cdn.archinect.net 35.2 francisbitonti.com 35.3 christosgatzidis.blogspot.com 36.1 upload.wikimedia.org 36.2 www.noaanews.noaa.gov 37.1 cuddlysheepdesigns.be 37.2 cuddlysheepdesigns.be 37.3 Mark Bender 36.4 blog.thephoenix.com 38.1 www.emergencyhabitat.com 38.2 2.bp.blogspot.com 39.1 cinetropolis.net 39.2 Urban Sweater Team, Pratt Institute 40.1 westminster.ac.uk 40.2 next.nasa.gov 41.1 wewanttolearn.wordpress.com 41.2 lanternhollow.files.wordpress.com 41.3 www.insidegnss.com 42.1 Paul Nicholls 43.1 www.subspacecommunique.com 43.2 www.cyberpunkreview.com 43.3 cache.kotaku.com 44.1 www.stupidfresh.com 44.2 www.pbs.org 45.1 sustainablejournalism.org 45.2 Chatroulette.com 45.3 www.geekosystem.com 48.1 clifmims.com 50.1 michaelmichelini.com 50.2 csuchico.edu

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72.1 www.toshare.it 72.2 4.bp.blogspot.com 78.1 www.5thavenuecinema.org 78.2 skog001.files.wordpress.com 78.3 www.mongrelmedia.com 78.4 www.applefriend.com 78.5 4.bp.blogspot.com 78.6 2.bp.blogspot.com

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