Физика 7кл перышкин родина ответы и решения 1998

Page 1

>hfZrgyy jZ[hlZ ih nbabd_ aZ deZkk

d mq_[gbdm ©NbabdZ deZkkª : < I_jurdbg G : Jh^bgZ F Ijhk\_s_gb_ ]

mq_[gh ijZdlbq_kdh_ ihkh[b_

JZa^_e , <\_^_gb_ † MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Hij_^_eblv p_gm ^_e_gby l_jfhf_ljh\ bah[jZ`_gguo gZ jb kmgd_

q&

Qlh[u hij_^_eblv p_gm ^_e_gby gm`gh gZclb ^\Z [eb`Zcrbo rljboZ rdZeu hdheh dhlhjuo gZibkZgu agZq_gby \_ebqbgu AZ l_f ba [hevr_]h agZq_gby \uq_klv f_gvr__ b ihemq_ggh_ qbkeh jZa^_eblv gZ qbkeh ^_e_gbc gZoh^ysboky f_`^m gbfb L_jfhf_lj P > L_jfhf_lj P > Hl\_l qK qK

$K $K $ K $K

$K $K

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Hij_^_ebl_ p_gm ^_e_gby bf_xsboky m \Zk l_jfhf_ljh\ f_ ^bpbgkdh]h dhfgZlgh]h mebqgh]h Hl\_l j_r_gb_ lZd `_ dZd b \ ‹

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Hij_^_ebl_ p_gm ^_e_gby jme_ldb b baf_jbl_evgh]h pbebg^jZ f_gamjdb kf jbkmghd fe

Ff kf kf fe fe F_gamjdZ P > fe Jme_ldZ P >

Hl\_l kf fe

JZa^_e ,, I_j\hgZqZevgu_ k\_^_gby h kljh_gbb \_s_kl\Z † MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

DZd ba\_klgh dZieb fZkeygbklhc `b^dhklb jZkl_dZxlky ih ih\_joghklb \h^u h[jZamy lhgdmx ie_gdm Ihq_fm ijb g_dhlhjhc lhesbg_ ie_gdb fZkeh i_j_klZ_l jZkl_dZlvky"

Hl\_l FZkeh i_j_klZ_l jZkl_dZlvky ihlhfm qlh dh]^Z lhesbgZ ie_g db ^hklb]Z_l jZaf_jZ fhe_dmeu ^Zevg_cr__ baf_g_gb_ lhesbgu g_\hafh`gh

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

<h kdhevdh jZa ^ebgZ [Zdl_jbZevghc de_ldb jZ\gZy  f [hevr_ ^bZf_ljZ fhe_dmeu dbkehjh^Z jZ\ghc ˜ f" >Zgh O ˜ f G ˜ f

J_r_gb_ O G

O G "

Hl\_l \ jZa

j Za

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ba\_klgh qlh g_\hhjm`_gguf ]eZahf gZ h[hbo ihemrZjbyo g_[Z fh`gh m\b^_lv hdheh a\_a^ <h kdhevdh jZa qbkeh fhe_ dme kh^_j`Zsboky \ ff dbkehjh^Z jZ\gh_ ijb h[uqguo mkeh \byo u [hevr_ mdZaZggh]h qbkeZ a\_a^" >Zgh Q Q ˜ Q ± " Q

J_r_gb_ Q ˜

Q jZa

Hl\_l \ ˜ jZa

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

GZ dZdhf y\e_gbb hkgh\ZgZ aZkhedZ h\hs_c ju[u b ^jm]bo ijh ^mdlh\" Hl\_l AZkhedZ h\hs_c ju[u b ^j hkgh\ZgZ gZ y\e_gbb ^bnnmabb

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

< \h^_ j_d ha_j b ^jm]bo \h^h_fh\ \k_]^Z kh^_j`Zlky fhe_dm eu ]Zah\ \oh^ysbo \ khklZ\ \ha^moZ ;eZ]h^Zjy dZdhfm y\e_gbx ihiZ^Zxl wlb fhe_dmeu \ \h^m" Ihq_fm hgb ijhgbdZxl gZ ^gh \h^h_fZ" Hibrbl_ dZd ijhbkoh^bl ijb wlhf kf_rb\Zgb_ \ha^moZ k \h^hc

Hl\_l Fhe_dmeu ]Zah\ \oh^ysbo \ khklZ\ \ha^moZ ihiZ^Zxl \ \h^m [eZ]h^Zjy y\e_gbx ^bnnmabb Ihkdhevdm fhe_dmeu ^\b`mlky g_ ij_ju\gh b [_kihjy^hqgh lh kimkly g_dhlhjh_ dhebq_kl\h \aZbf guo h[f_gh\ f_klZfb fhe_dmeu ]Zah\ ijhgbdZxl \ ex[h_ f_klh \h^h_fZ \ lhf qbke_ ^h kZfh]h ^gZ

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Hkgh\u\Zykv gZ hibkZgghf \ † h[tykg_gbb ^bnnmabb \ `b^ dhklb jZkkdZ`bl_ dZd ijhbkoh^bl ^bnnmaby \ ]ZaZo

Hl\_l >bnnmaby \ ]ZaZo ijhbkoh^bl ZgZeh]bqgh ^bnnmabb \ `b^dh klyo gh k [hevr_c kdhjhklvx l d jZkklhygb_ f_`^m fhe_dmeZfb \ `b^dhklb f_gvr_

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

< dZdhf jZkl\hj_ ± ]hjyq_f beb oheh^ghf ± [uklj__ ijhkZeb \Zxlky h]mjpu" Ihq_fm"

Hl\_l < ]hjyq_f K m\_ebq_gb_f l_fi_jZlmju \h^u kdhjhklv fhe_dme m\_ebqb\Z_lky Z ijb [he__ \ukhdhc l_fi_jZlmj_ ^bnnmaby ijhbk oh^bl [uklj__

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ijhgbdgh\_gb_ Zlhfh\ g_dhlhjuo f_lZeeh\ Zexfbgby ojhfZ b ^jm]bo \ ]em[v klZevgh]h ba^_eby ^_eZ_l _]h ih\_joghklv [he__ ijhqghc b g_j`Z\_xs_c wlhl kihkh[ h[jZ[hldb ba^_ebc gZau \Zxl f_lZeebaZpb_c DZdh_ y\e_gb_ e_`bl \ hkgh\_ f_lZeebaZ pbb" Ihq_fm __ ijh\h^yl ijb \ukhdhc l_fi_jZlmj_"

Hl\_l < hkgh\_ ijhp_kkZ f_lZeebaZpbb e_`bl y\e_gb_ ^bnnmabb Ijb [he__ \ukhdhc l_fi_jZlmj_ kdhjhklv fhe_dme [hevr_ b khhl\_l kl\_ggh ^bnnmaby ijhbkoh^bl [uklj__

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ihq_fm ^\Z kmobo ebklhqdZ [mfZ]b g_ kebiZxlky _keb bo ijb eh`blv ^jm] d ^jm]m Z kfhq_ggu_ \h^hc kebiZxlky"

Hl\_l >\Z kmobo ebklhqdZ g_ kebiZxlky ihkdhevdm bo fhe_dmeu g_ fh]ml k[ebablvky gZ jZkklhygb_ \aZbfh^_ckl\by Dh]^Z ebklhqdb kfhq_gu \h^hc fhe_dmeu \h^u gZ gbo fh]ml k[ebablvky gZ jZk klhygb_ \aZbfh^_ckl\by

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Kebigmlky eb ^\Z ebklhqdZ [mfZ]b _keb h^bg ba gbo kfhqblv \h^hc Z ^jm]hc jZklbl_evguf fZkehf" Hl\_l h[hkgmcl_

Hl\_l G_ kebigmlvky l d \h^Z g_ kfZqb\Z_l `bjgu_ ih\_joghklb l _ fhe_dmeu \h^u ijbly]b\Zxlky d fhe_dmeZf \h^u kbevg__ q_f d fhe_dmeZf fZkeZ

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

L_eh khojZgy_l k\hc h[t_f gh f_gy_l nhjfm < dZdhf khklhy gbb gZoh^blky \_s_kl\h ba dhlhjh]h khklhbl l_eh" Hl\_l < `b^dhf khklhygbb

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

L_eh khojZgy_l k\hc h[t_f b nhjfm < dZdhf khklhygbb gZoh ^blky \_s_kl\h ba dhlhjh]h khklhbl l_eh" Hl\_l < l\_j^hf khklhygbb

AZ^Zqb gZ ih\lhj_gb_ klj AZ^Zgb_ ‹

DZiey fZkeZ h[t_fhf ff jZkl_deZkv ih ih\_joghklb \h ^u lhgdbf keh_f iehsZ^v dhlhjh]h kf IjbgbfZy lhesbgm kehy jZ\ghc ^bZf_ljm fhe_dmeu fZkeZ gZc^bl_ wlhl ^bZf_lj 6

>Zgh 9 ff 6 kf ff G ± "

Hl\_l G Â ff

G

J_r_gb_

9 6 ˜ ff

9 6G G G

ff

˜ ff

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

< rZjbd_ aZiheg_gghf \h^hjh^hf h[jZah\Zehkv hl\_jklb_ Ihq_fm \h^hjh^ \uoh^y ba hl\_jklby jZkijhkljZgy_lky ih \k_c dhfgZl_" Hl\_l ;eZ]h^Zjy y\e_gbx ^bnnmabb fhe_dmeu \h^hjh^Z f_gyykv f_klZfb k fhe_dmeZfb ]Zah\ \ha^moZ m^Zeyxlky hl rZjbdZ

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ihq_fm ]Za ]hjZa^h e_]q_ k`Zlv q_f l\_j^h_ l_eh"

Hl\_l Ihlhfm qlh jZkklhygby f_`^m fhe_dmeZfb ]ZaZ fgh]h [hevr_ jZaf_jh\ fhe_dme ]ZaZ

JZa^_e ,,, <aZbfh^_ckl\b_ l_e † MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

MdZ`bl_ hlghkbl_evgh dZdbo l_e iZkkZ`bj l_iehoh^Z gZoh ^blky \ ihdh_ b hlghkbl_evgh dZdbo l_e hg ^\b`_lky

Hl\_l < ihdh_ hlghkbl_evgh l_iehoh^Z iZem[u kl_g dZxlu b ^j >\b`_lky hlghkbl_evgh [_j_]Z ijbklZgb fhklZ \h^u _keb l_iehoh^ g_ ^j_cnm_l

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ihq_fm \ lmfZg_ g_ \b^y [_j_]h\ j_db g_evay mdZaZlv gZijZ\ e_gb_ ^\b`_gby eh^db" Hl\_l GZijZ\e_gb_ ^\b`_gby \u[bjZ_lky hlghkbl_evgh A_feb [_j_ ]h\ G_ \b^y [_j_]Z g_evay km^blv h gZijZ\e_gbb ^\b`_gby eh^db

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

DZdmx ljZ_dlhjbx hibku\Z_l ijb ^\b`_gbb dhg_p qZkh\hc klj_edb" Hl\_l Hdjm`ghklv

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

<ujZabl_ \ f_ljZo \ k_dmg^m f k kdhjhklb df q df q df q f fbg >Zgh 9 df q 9 df q 9 df q 9 f fbg df q o f k f fbg o f k

J_r_gb_

f k k df q f k k

9 df q 9

9 df q 9 f fbg

f k

f k

f k

f k

Hl\_l f k f k f k f k

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

<_ehkbi_^bkl aZ fbg ijh_oZe imlv f <uqbkebl_ kj_^ gxx kdhjhklv ^\b`_gby \_ehkbi_^bklZ \ f k >Zgh W fbg k 6 f 9kj "

J_r_gb_ 6 f 9kj W k

Hl\_l f k

f

k

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Kdhjhklv we_dljh\haZ <E jZ\gZ f k <h kdhevdh jZa [hevr_ wlhc kdhjhklb kdhjhklv fhsgh]h kh\j_f_ggh]h we_dljh ih_a^Z kf nhlh]jZnbx gZ k " >Zgh 9 f k 9 df q 9 9

"

Hl\_l < jZaZ

J_r_gb_

9 df q 9 9

f f

k

k

f k

f k

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Dhgvdh[_`_p gZr_c kljZgu B @_e_ah\kdbc mklZgh\be \ ] fbjh\hc j_dhj^ \ [_]_ gZ f ijh[_`Z\ wlm ^bklZgpbx aZ fbg k <uqbkebl_ kj_^gxx kdhjhklv _]h [_]Z >Zgh 6 f W fbg k k 9kj ± " Hl\_l f k

J_r_gb_ 6 f 9kj W k

f

k

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

GZc^bl_ \ lZ[ebp_ kdhjhklb i_r_oh^Z dhgvdh[_`pZ l_i eh\haZ b hij_^_ebl_ imlb ijhc^_ggu_ wlbfb l_eZfb aZ k >Zgh 9i f k 9d f k 9l f k 6i ± " 6d ± " 6l ± "

Hl\_l f f

J_r_gb_ f k  k f f k  k f f k  k f

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

KZfhe_l e_lbl kh kj_^g_c kdhjhklvx df q DZdhc imlv hg ijhe_lbl aZ q" >Zgh 9kj df q W q 6 ± "

Hl\_l df

J_r_gb_ 6 9kj ˜ W

6 df q u q df

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

DZdh_ \j_fy ihgZ^h[blky Z\lhfh[bex b kZfhe_lm ^ey ijhoh `^_gby imlb f" >Zgh 9 kj f k 9 kj f k 6 f W ± " W ± "

J_r_gb_ 6 W 9kj W

W Hl\_l k k

6 9 kj

6 9 kj

f k f k f k f k

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

GZ jbkmgd_ bah[jZ`_g ]jZnbd imlb jZ\ghf_jgh]h ^\b`_ gby GZ ]jZnbd_ H6 hkv ijhc^_gguo iml_c HW \j_f_gb Hij_^_ ebl_ ih ]jZnbdm imlv ijhc^_gguc aZ q b kdhjhklv ^\b`_gby

6 df

>Zgh 6 df W q 9 "

Hl\_l f k

W q

J_r_gb_ 6 9 df q f k W

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

GZ jbkmgd_ ^Zg ]jZnbd kdhjhklb jZ\ghf_jgh]h ^\b`_gby l_eZ Q_fm jZ\gZ kdhjhklv ^\b`_gby l_eZ" Hij_^_ebl_ imlv ijhc^_gguc l_ehf aZ k 9 f k

>Zgh 9 f k 6 ± "

Hl\_l f

W &

J_r_gb_ 6 9 ÂW 6 f k k f

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

GZ jbkmgd_ bah[jZ`_gu ]jZnbdb iml_c ^\mo jZ\ghf_jguo ^\b`_gbc , b ,, Ih ]jZnbdZf hij_^_ebl_ kdhjhklv dZdh]h ba wlbo l_e [hevr_ Hl\_l h[hkgmcl_ Hl\_l

6 f

,

,,

W k

Kdhjhklv ^\b`_gby , [hevr_ l d imlv aZ h^bg b lhl `_ ijh f_`mlhd \j_f_gb [hevr_ GZijbf_j W F 6 f 6 f

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

GZ jbkmgd_ ihdZaZg kihkh[ gZkZ`b\Zgby fhehldZ gZ jmdh yldm H[tykgbl_ _]h Hl\_l

Ijb m^Zj_ jmdhyldb h[ klhe bg_jpby fhehldZ aZklZ\ey_l __ iehlg__ gZkZ`b\Zlvky gZ jmdhyldm

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

GZ jbkmgd_ ihdZaZgh dZd fh`gh ijb^Zlv `_e_ad_ jm[ZgdZ gm`gh_ iheh`_gb_ Ihq_fm ijb m^Zj_ ih `_e_ad_ hgZ \oh^bl \ jm[Zghd Z ijb m^Zj_ ih dheh^d_ \uoh^bl ba g_]h" Hl\_l

Ijb m^Zj_ ih `_e_ad_ hgZ \oh^bl \ jm[Zghd lZd dZd gZ g__ ^_c kl\m_l fhehlhd ijb m^Zj_ ih dheh^d_ `_e_adZ \uoh^bl ba jm[ZgdZ lZd dZd jm[Zghd gZqbgZ_l ^\b]Zlvky ih^ ^_ckl\b_f fhehldZ Z `_ e_adZ ih^ ^_ckl\b_f bg_jpbb klj_fblvky hklZ\Zlvky \ ihdh_

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

< dZdmx klhjhgm iZ^Z_l kihldgm\rbcky q_eh\_d" ihkdheva gm\rbcky q_eh\_d" Ihq_fm"

Hl\_l Kihldgm\rbcky q_eh\_d iZ^Z_l ih gZijZ\e_gbx k\h_]h ^\b`_ gby m\e_dZ_fuc bg_jpb_c Ihkdhevagm\rbcky q_eh\_d iZ^Z_l ijhlb\ gZijZ\e_gby ^\b`_gby l d gh]b _]h ijhkdZevau\Zy gZqb gZxl ^\b]Zlvky [uklj__ Z l_eh khojZgy_l ij_`gxx kdhjhklv [eZ ]h^Zjy bg_jpbb

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

< dZdmx klhjhgm hldehgyxlky iZkkZ`bju hlghkbl_evgh Z\ lh[mkZ ijb ih\hjhl_ _]h \ijZ\h" \e_\h"

Hl\_l Ijb ih\hjhl_ Z\lh[mkZ \ijZ\h iZkkZ`bju hldehgyxlky \e_\h hlghkbl_evgh Z\lh[mkZ l _ [eZ]h^Zjy bg_jpbb klZjZxlky khojZ gblv ij_`g__ gZijZ\e_gb_ ^\b`_gby b gZh[hjhl

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

DZd baf_gbeZkv kdhjhklv ^\b`_gby \Z]hgh\ gZ jbkmgd_ "

Hl\_l

< kemqZ_ Z kdhjhklv \Z]hgZ \hajZklZ_l l _ hg jZa]hgy_lky \ kemqZ_ [ kdhjhklv \Z]hgZ mf_gvrZ_lky l _ hg lhjfhabl

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Q_eh\_d \uiju]gme ba g_ih^\b`ghc eh^db gZ [_j_] Ihq_fm eh^dZ klZeZ ^\b]Zlvky hl [_j_]Z" < dZdhf kemqZ_ kdhjhklb q_eh \_dZ b eh^db ijbh[j_l_ggu_ ijb iju`d_ [m^ml h^bgZdh\u" DZd [m^ml hlebqZlvky kdhjhklb q_eh\_dZ b eh^db _keb fZkkZ q_eh\_dZ d] Z eh^db d]"

Hl\_l Eh^dZ gZqbgZ_l ^\b]Zlvky hl [_j_]Z \ j_amevlZl_ \aZbfh^_ckl \by q_eh\_dZ b eh^db Eh^dZ ^_ckl\m_l gZ q_eh\_dZ b hg ijbh[j_ lZ_l kdhjhklv gZijZ\e_ggmx d [_j_]m Z q_eh\_d ^_ckl\m_l gZ eh^ dm \h \j_fy iju`dZ b hgZ ijbh[j_lZ_l kdhjhklv gZijZ\e_ggmx hl [_j_]Z < kemqZ_ _keb fZkku q_eh\_dZ b eh^db jZ\gu ijbh[j_l_g gu_ bfb kdhjhklb [m^ml h^bgZdh\u ?keb fZkkZ q_eh\_dZ d] Z eh^db d] lh kdhjhklv eh^db ihke_ \aZbfh^_ckl\by [m^_l \ jZaZ f_gvr_ kdhjhklb q_eh\_dZ

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

<ujZabl_ \ dbeh]jZffZo fZkku l_e l l ] ] ] >Zgh P l P l P ] P ] P ] P d] ± "

J_r_gb_ P l u d] d] P l u d] d] P ] d] d] d] P ] d] d] P ]

Hl\_l d] d] d] d]

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

<ujZabl_ \ ]jZffZo b dbeh]jZffZo ke_^mxsb_ fZkku ] f] ] f] ] f] >Zgh P ] f] P ] f] P ] f] P d] ] ± "

J_r_gb_ ] f] ] d] ] f] ] d] ] f] ] d]

Hl\_l ] d] ] d] ] d]

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ijb \a\_rb\Zgbb l_eZ mq_gbd iheh`be gZ ijZ\mx qZrm \_kh\ ]bjb bah[jZ`_ggu_ gZ jbkmgd_ ihke_ q_]h \_ku ijbreb \ jZ\ gh\_kb_ <uqbkebl_ fZkkm \a\_rb\Z_fh]h l_eZ b \ujZabl_ __ \ dbeh]jZffZo Hl\_l ] ] ] f] f] ] f] ] d]

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Hij_^_eyy fZkkm l_eZ mq_gbd mjZ\gh\_kbe _]h gZ \_kZo ihklZ \b\ gZ ijZ\mx qZrdm ke_^mxsb_ ]bjb h^gm ] ^\_ ih ] h^gm ] b ih h^ghc b f]

AZibrbl_ q_fm jZ\gZ fZkkZ \a\_rb\Z_fh]h l_eZ \ujZab\ __ \ dbeh]jZffZo b ]jZffZo Hl\_l ] ] ] ] f] f] f] ] f] ] d]

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

JZkkfhljbl_ jbkmghd DZdbfb ]bjyfb ba wlh]h gZ[hjZ fh`gh mjZ\gh\_kblv l_eh fZkkhc ]" ]" ]"

Hl\_l ] g_evay mjZ\gh\_kblv ]bjyfb gZ[hjZ l d h[sZy fZkkZ \k_o ]bjv ± ] ] ] ] f] ] ] ] ] f] ] f] f] f]

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

DZd g_ ihevamykv \_kZfb fh`gh ihdZaZlv qlh fZkku ^\mo [bevyj^guo rZjh\ h^bgZdh\u" DZd wlh ih\_jblv ijb ihfhsb \_ kh\"

Hl\_l ?keb fZkku rZjh\ h^bgZdh\u lh kdhjhklb bo ihke_ \aZbfh^_c kl\by ^he`gu [ulv h^bgZdh\u Qlh[u ijh\_jblv wlh ijb ihfhsb \_kh\ gm`gh ihf_klblv rZju gZ jZagu_ bo qZrb <_ku ^he`gu gZoh^blvky \ jZ\gh\_kbb

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

<ujZabl_ \ dm[bq_kdbo f_ljZo ke_^mxsb_ h[t_fu ^f kf kf ff >Zgh 9 ^f 9 kf 9 kf 9 ff 9 f ± "

J_r_gb_ 9 ^f u f f 9 kf u f f 9 kf u f f 9 ff u f f

Hl\_l f f f f

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Iehlghklv j_^dh]h f_lZeeZ hkfby jZ\gZ

d]

Qlh hagZ f qZ_l wlh qbkeh" <h kdhevdh jZa iehlghklv hkfby [hevr_ iehlgh klb Zexfbgby" Hl\_l

d]

Uhk

Wlh hagZqZ_l qlh hkfbc h[t_fhf f bf__l

f fZkkm d] UZe

d]

f

U hk U Ze

Hl\_l | \ jZaZ

d]

f d]

f

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ljb dm[bdZ ± ba fjZfhjZ ev^Z b eZlmgb bf_xl h^bgZdh\uc h[t_f DZdhc ba gbo bf__l gZb[hevrmx fZkkm dZdhc ± gZbf_gv rmx" >Zgh U

U fj

U

Ue

U

U eZl

f d]

f

9 9 9 P ± " P ± " P ± "

d]

d]

f

J_r_gb_ L d ih mkeh\bx 9 9 9 lh ijb kjZ\g_gbb dm[bdh\ fh`gh jZkkfZljb \Zlv ijhba\hevguc h[t_f Imklv 9 9 9 f d] P 9 ˜ U f ˜ d] L f Lh]^Z d] P 9 ˜ U f ˜ d] f P

9 ˜ U

f ˜

d]

f

d]

Hl\_l Ihkdhevdm h[t_fu h^bgZdh\u jZkkfhljbf fZkkm f \_ s_kl\ GZb[hevrmx fZkkm bf__l dm[bd eZlmgb Z gZbf_gvrmx ± dm[bd ev^Z

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

KZfh_ e_]dh_ ^_j_\h ± [ZevaZ FZkkZ _]h ^j_\bkbgu h[t_fhf kf jZ\gZ ] <uqbkebl_ iehlghklv ^j_\_kbgu [Zevau \ ] kf b \ d] f >Zgh 9 kf f P ] d] ] d] U ± " f f

J_r_gb_ U U U

Hl\_l ] kf d] f

P 9

]

kf d]

f

Ff

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

]

d]

f

;jmkhd ba ihjhehgZ bf__l jZaf_ju mdZaZggu_ gZ jbkmgd_ Iheh`_gguc \ qZrm \_kh\ hg [ue mjZ\gh\_r_g ]bjyfb \ b ] Hij_^_ebl_ iehlghklv ihjhehgZ b \ujZabl_ __ \ d] f >Zgh J_r_gb_ 9 kf u kf u kf 9 kf u kf u kf kf P ] f P ] P P P ] ] ] P ] ] d] d] U ± " f kf

U

P 9

˜ d]

˜ f

Hl\_l d] f

kf

kf

d]

f

d]

f

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Hij_^_ebl_ fZkkm \h^u [_gabgZ b jlmlb h[t_fhf e

>Zgh 9 e f U[ d] f U\ d] f Ujl d] f P\ P[ Pjl ± "

J_r_gb_ P\ U\9 d] f u f d] P[ U[9 d] f u f d] Pjl Ujl9 d] f u f d]

Hl\_l d] d] d]

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

< f_gamjdm gZebl d_jhkbg jbk Hij_^_ebl_ _]h fZkkm

>Zgh 9 fe f kf Ud ] kf P ± "

Hl\_l ]

J_r_gb_ P U9 P ] kf ˜ kf ]

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

>_j_\yggZy fh^_ev ^_lZeb fZrbgu ba]hlh\e_ggZy ba khkgu bf__l fZkkm d] DZdmx fZkkm [m^_l bf_lv wlZ ^_lZev ba]h lh\e_ggZy ba klZeb" >Zgh 9 9 9 Ukhk d] f Ukl d] f Pkhk d] Pkl ± "

Hl\_l d]

J_r_gb_

P U d] d] f

P U9 9 9 FRF P kl

Ukl u 9

f

d]

f

u f

d]

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

FZrbgZ jZkkqblZgZ gZ i_j_\hadm ]jmaZ fZkkhc l Kdhevdh ebklh\ `_e_aZ fh`gh gZ]jmablv gZ g__ _keb ^ebgZ dZ`^h]h ebk lZ f rbjbgZ kf b lhesbgZ ff" >Zgh D f E Ff F ff P l d] 1 ± "

J_r_gb_ GZc^_f h[t_f h^gh]h ebklZ 9 D u E u F 9 f u kf u ff kf u kf u kf kf f h[t_f ebklZ `_e_aZ

GZc^_f fZkkm h^gh]h ebklZ P U ` u 9 d] f u f d] fZkkZ ebklZ `_e_aZ

GZc^_f \f_klbfhklv fZrbgu d] P 1 P d]

Hl\_l ijbf_jgh ebklh\ `_e_aZ

AZ^Zqb gZ ih\lhj_gb_ klj AZ^Zgb_ ‹

DZjlhn_ebgZ fZkkhc ] bf__l h[t_f kf Hij_^_ebl_ iehlghklv dZjlhn_ey >Zgh P ] 9 kf U ± "

J_r_gb_ ] P U 9 kf

]

f

d]

f

Hl\_l ] kf d] f Hij_^_ebl_ fZkkm f_^gh]h ijh\h^Z ^ebghc f b iehsZ^vx ihi_j_qgh]h k_q_gby ff >Zgh O f 6 ff U d] f ] kf P ± "

Hl\_l ]

J_r_gb_ 9 6 u O ff u kf kf P U9 ] kf u kf ]

KlZevgZy ^_lZev fZrbgu bf__l fZkkm d] Hij_^_ebl_ h[t_f ^_lZeb >Zgh J_r_gb_ P d] d] P 9 f kf U d] f d] U 9 ± " f Hl\_l kf

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ijb\_^bl_ ijbf_ju ijhy\e_gby kbeu ly]hl_gby kbeu ly`_klb

Hl\_l Ijhy\e_gb_ kbeu ly]hl_gby ijbly`_gb_ ieZg_l d khegpm ieZ g_l b bo kimlgbdh\ b ^j Ijhy\e_gb_ kbeu ly`_klb iZ^_gb_ dZfg_c ^h`^v ]jZ^ b ^j

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ijb\_^bl_ ba\_klgu_ \Zf q_jlu koh^kl\Z b hlebqby f_`^m \_khf l_eZ b kbehc ly`_klb ^_ckl\mxs_c gZ wlh l_eh

Hl\_l Koh^kl\h bo \ lhf qlh hgb bf_xl h^bgZdh\mx ijbjh^m ± ly]h l_gb_ a_feb b h^bgZdh\h_ gZijZ\e_gb_ ± d a_fe_ Hlebqb_ khklhbl \ lhf qlh kbeZ ly`_klb ^_ckl\m_l gZ l_eh Z \_k ± kbeZ k dhlhjhc l_eh ^_ckl\m_l gZ hihjm beb ih^\_k

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Q_fm jZ\gZ kbeZ ly`_klb ^_ckl\mxsZy gZ l_eh fZkkhc d]" ]" l" ]" >Zgh J_r_gb_ P d] )7 JP J + d] P ] d] ) d] u G d] G P l d] ) d] u G d] G P ] d] ) d] u G d] G )l ± " ) d] u G d] G Hl\_l G G G G

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

<uqbkebl_ \_k l_eZ fZkkZ dhlhjh]h d] ]

>Zgh P d] P d] J ± " J ± "

Hl\_l G G

J_r_gb_ J JK J + d] J G d] u d] G J G d] u d] G

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Q_eh\_d \_kbl G DZdh\Z _]h fZkkZ"

>Zgh J G J + d] P ± "

Hl\_l d]

J_r_gb_ J JK 3 G P J G d]

d]

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Kfh`_l_ eb \u ih^gylv ieZklbgm ba ijh[db h[t_fhf f " DZdhc \_k wlhc ieZklbgu" >Zgh 9 f U d] f J G d] P 3 ± "

J_r_gb_ P U9 3 JP P d] f u f d] 3 + d] u d] G

Hl\_l g_ kfh`_f G

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Q_eh\_d fZkkZ dhlhjh]h d] ^_j`bl gZ ie_qZo ysbd fZkkhc d] K dZdhc kbehc q_eh\_d ^Z\bl gZ a_fex" >Zgh P d] P d] J ± "

Hl\_l G

J_r_gb_ P P P d] d] d] J JP + d] u d] G

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

< b]j_ ih i_j_ly]b\Zgbx dZgZlZ mqZkl\mxl q_luj_ q_eh\_dZ >\Z ba gbo lygml dZgZl \ h^gm klhjhgm k kbeZfb G ^\Z ± \ ijhlb\hiheh`gmx k kbeZfb b G < dZdhf gZijZ\e_gbb [m^_l ^\b]Zlvky dZgZl b q_fm jZ\gZ jZ\ gh^_ckl\mxsZy wlbo kbe" K^_eZcl_ q_jl_`b >Zgh & ) G & ) G & ) G & ) G & & ) nn ) & & ) nn ) & & ) np ) & 5 ± "

J_r_gb_ & & & ) ) ) G & & & ) ) ) G & & & 5 ) ) G & & & ) ) ) & & & ) ) )

& Hl\_l 5 G \ijZ\h

) )

5 ) )

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Q_eh\_d kimkdZ_lky gZ iZjZrxl_ ^\b]Zykv jZ\ghf_jgh KbeZ ly`_klb iZjZrxlbklZ \f_kl_ k iZjZrxlhf ± G Q_fm jZ\ gZ kbeZ khijhlb\e_gby \ha^moZ" >Zgh )l G

J_r_gb_ L d l_eh ^\b`_lky jZ\ghf_jgh lh & & )l )khij G

)khij ± "

Hl\_l G

AZ^Zqb gZ ih\lhj_gb_ klj AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Hij_^_ebl_ h[t_f fZkkm kbem ly`_klb b \_k dbjibqghc deZ^ db jZaf_jhf o o kf

>Zgh kf u u kf u kf U d d] f J G d] 9 ± " P ± " )l ± " J ± "

J_r_gb_

)l

3

9 D u E u F kf u kf u kf Ff f P U9 d] f u f d] J )l d] u G d] G dG

Hl\_l 9 f P d] )l J dG

JZa^_e ,9 >Z\e_gb_ l\_j^uo l_e `b^dhkl_c b ]Zah\ † MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

<ujZabl_ \ IZkdZeyo ^Z\e_gb_ ]IZ G kf dIZ G kf <ujZabl_ \ ]_dlhiZkdZeyo b dbehiZkdZeyo ^Z\e_gb_ IZ IZ Hl\_l ]IZ IZ G G G IZ kf f f dIZ IZ G G G IZ kf f f IZ ]IZ IZ ]IZ

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

=mk_gbqguc ljZdlhj >L F fZkkhc d] bf__l hihjgmx iehsZ^v h[_bo ]mk_gbp ± f Hij_^_ebl_ ^Z\e_gb_ wlh]h ljZd lhjZ gZ ihq\m <h kdhevdh jZa hgh [hevr_ ^Z\e_gby ijhba\h^bfh]h fZevqbdhf kf ijbf_j \ † " >Zgh P d] 6 f J G d] jf dIZ IZ Jlj ± " j lj ± " jf

J_r_gb_ G ) j ) 3 J JP u d] d] 6 G j lj IZ f j lj | jZaZ jf

Hl\_l | dIZ \ | jZaZ

G

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Q_eh\_d gZ`bfZ_l gZ ehiZlm k kbehc G DZdh_ ^Z\e_gb_ hdZau\Z_l ehiZlZ gZ ihq\m _keb rbjbgZ __ e_a\by kf Z lhe sbgZ j_`ms_]h djZy ff" AZq_f ehiZlu hkljh aZlZqb\Zxl" >Zgh ) + O kf G ff j ± "

J_r_gb_ ) 6 kf u ff f u f j f 6 G 6 O u G j IZ dIZ f

Hl\_l dIZ

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

FZevqbd fZkkhc d] klhbl gZ eu`Zo >ebgZ dZ`^hc eu`b f rbjbgZ kf DZdh_ ^Z\e_gb_ hdZau\Z_l fZevqbd gZ kg_]" KjZ\gbl_ _]h k ^Z\e_gb_f dhlhjh_ ijhba\h^bl fZevqbd klhysbc [_a eu` >Zgh jf dIZ P ] O f G f J G d] J ± " jf ± " j

J_r_gb_ ) j 6 ) J J JP 6 O u G

Hl\_l dIZ \ jZa

6 f u f f G J u d] G d] G j IZ f jf j

IZ IZ

jZa

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

JZkkfhljbl_ mkljhckl\h iehkdh]m[p_\ b de_s_c Ijb ihfhsb dZdh]h bgkljmf_glZ fh`gh ijhba\_klb [hevr__ ^Z\e_gb_ gZ aZ `Zlh_ l_eh ^_ckl\my h^bgZdh\hc kbehc" Hl\_l Ijb ihfhsb de_s_c fh`gh ijhba\_klb [hevr__ ^Z\e_gb_ gZ aZ`Zlh_ l_eh lZd dZd iehsZ^v jZ[hqbo ih\_joghkl_c f_gvr_

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

AZq_f ijb [hjhgh\Zgbb iehlguo ihq\ gZ [hjhgu deZ^ml ly`_ eu_ ij_^f_lu"

Hl\_l Ijb [hjhgh\Zgbb iehlguo ihq\ gZ [hjhgu deZ^ml ly`_eu_ ij_^f_lu qlh[u m\_ebqblv ^Z\e_gb_ am[ph\ [hjhgu gZ ihq\m Z ke_^h\Zl_evgh wnn_dlb\ghklv [hjhgh\Zgby

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ih jbkmgdm h[tykgbl_ i_j_^Zqm ^Z\e_gby l\_j^ufb kuimqbfb l_eZfb b `b^dhklvx Bah[jZabl_ klj_edZfb dZd i_j_^Z_lky ^Z\e_gb_

Hl\_l L\_j^h_ l_eh i_j_^Z_l ijhba\h^bfh_ gZ g_]h ^Z\e_gb_ lhevdh \ gZijZ\e_gbb ijhba\h^bfh]h ^Z\e_gby ihkdhevdm qZklbpu kuimq_ ]h l_eZ h[eZ^Zxl ih^\b`ghklvx ^jm] hlghkbl_evgh ^jm]Z hgb i_ j_^Zxl ijhba\h^bfh_ gZ gbo ^Z\e_gb_ \h \k_o gZijZ\e_gbyo h^ gZdh aZ kq_l lj_gby qZklbp ^Z\e_gb_ i_j_^Z_lky g_jZ\ghf_jgh ^Z\e_gb_ ijhba\h^bfh_ gZ `b^dhklv i_j_^Z_lky [_a baf_g_gbc \ dZ`^mx lhqdm h[t_fZ `b^dhklb

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ijb ba]hlh\e_gbb [mluehd q_j_a ljm[dm \^m\Zxl \ha^mo b jZkieZ\e_ggh_ kl_deh ijbgbfZ_l nhjfm [mluedb DZdh_ nbabq_ kdh_ y\e_gb_ a^_kv bkihevamxl"

Hl\_l AZdhg IZkdZey >Z\e_gb_ ijhba\h^bfh_ gZ `b^dhklv beb ]Za i_j_^Z_lky [_a baf_g_gby \ dZ`^mx lhqdm h[t_fZ `b^dhklb beb ]ZaZ

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

:\lhfZrbgm aZihegbeb ]jmahf Baf_gbehkv eb ^Z\e_gb_ \ dZf_ jZo dhe_k Z\lhfZrbgu" H^bgZdh\h eb hgh \ \_jog_c b gb`g_c qZklyo dZf_ju" Hl\_l Baf_gbehkv m\_ebqbehkv H^bgZdh\h kf AZdhg IZkdZey

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Hij_^_ebl_ ^Z\e_gb_ gZ ]em[bg_ f \ \h^_ d_jhkbg_ jlmlb >Zgh J_r_gb_ K f j JUK J + d] G d] J d u u f IZ U\ d] f d] f Ud d] f G d] J jl u u f IZ Ujl d] f d] f jjl ± " jd ± " j\ ± "

Hl\_l dIZ dIZ dIZ

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

GZc^bl_ ^Z\e_gb_ gZ ^g_ h^ghc ba ]em[hqZcrbo fhjkdbo \iZ ^bg __ ]em[bgZ ± f Iehlghklv fhjkdhc \h^u d] f >Zgh K f U d] f J + d] j ± "

J_r_gb_ j JUK

Hl\_l dIZ

J

G d] u u f d] f IZ dIZ

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

GZ jbkmgd_ bah[jZ`_gZ nml[hevgZy dZf_jZ kh_^bg_ggZy k \_jlbdZevgh jZkiheh`_gghc kl_deygghc ljm[dhc < dZf_j_ b ljm[d_ gZoh^blky \h^Z GZ dZf_jm iheh`_gZ ^hs_qdZ Z gZ g__ ± ]bjy fZkkhc d] <ukhlZ klhe[Z \h^u \ ljm[d_ f_lj Hij_^_ ebl_ iehsZ^v khijbdhkgh\_gby ^hs_qdb k dZf_jhc >Zgh P d] K f J + d] U d] f 6 ± "

Hl\_l kf

J_r_gb_

J JUK 3 ) PJ 3 J J PJ JUK 6

) 6

6 6

PJ J UK PJ J UK

f

d] d] u f f kf

P UK

AZ^Zqb gZ ih\lhj_gb_ klj AZ^Zgb_ ‹

< ^\Z khkm^Z gZeblZ \h^Z jbk < dZdhf khkm^_ ^Z\e_gb_ gZ ^gh [hevr_ b gZ kdhevdh _keb K kf Z K kf" < dZdhf gZijZ\e_gbb b ^h dZdbo ihj [m^_l i_j_eb\Zlvky \h^Z _keb hl djulv djZg" >Zgh K kf f K kf f J + d] U d] f j ± " j ± "

J_r_gb_ j JUK

G d] u u f d] f G d] J u u f d] f j ± j IZ J

K

IZ

IZ

K

Hl\_l < e_\hf khkm^_ ^Z\e_gb_ [hevr_ gZ dIZ \h^Z [m^_l i_ j_eb\Zlvky \ ijZ\uc khkm^ ihdZ mjh\gb g_ kjZ\gyxlky

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

GZ jbkmgd_ bah[jZ`_g \h^yghc [Zjhf_lj kha^Zgguc IZk dZe_f \ ] DZdhc \ukhlu [ue klhe[ \h^u \ wlhf [Zjhf_lj_ ijb Zlfhkn_jghf ^Z\e_gbb jZ\ghf ff jl kl " >Zgh ff jl kl IZ S ff jl kl U d] f J G d] K ± "

Hl\_l | f

J_r_gb_ j UJK j K JU

K

ff jl kl G d] u d] f IZ f G f

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

< ] Hllh =_jbd_ \ ] FZ]^_[mj]_ qlh[u ^hdZaZlv kms_ kl\h\Zgb_ Zlfhkn_jgh]h ^Z\e_gby ijhba\_e lZdhc hiul hg \u dZqZe \ha^mo ba ihehklb f_`^m ^\mfy f_lZeebq_kdbfb ihemrZ jbyfb keh`_ggufb \f_kl_ >Z\e_gb_ Zlfhkn_ju lZd kbevgh ijb`Zeh ihemrZjby ^jm] d ^jm]m qlh bo g_ fh]eb jZahj\Zlv \h k_fv iZj ehrZ^_c kf jbk <uqbkebl_ kbem k`bfZxs_x ihemrZjby _keb kqblZlv qlh hgZ ^_ckl\m_l gZ iehsZ^v jZ\gmx kf Z Zlfhkn_jgh_ ^Z\ e_gb_ jZ\gh ff jl kl >Zgh S ff jl kl IZ J G d] ) ± "

Hl\_l dG

J_r_gb_ ) ) IZ u f j G dG 6 6 Ff f ) S u 6

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ba ljm[db ^ebghc f aZiZygghc k h^gh]h dhgpZ b k djZghf gZ ^jm]hf dhgp_ \udZqZeb \ha^mo Ihf_klb\ dhg_p k djZghf \ jlmlv hldjueb djZg AZihegbl eb jlmlv \kx ljm[dm" ?keb \f_klh jlmlb \aylv \h^m aZihegbl eb hgZ \kx ljm[dm"

Hl\_l Jlmlv aZihegbl ljm[dm \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ^Z\e_gb_f \ha^moZ Ijb ghjZevghf ^Z\e_gbb | ff jl kl l _ | kf ljm[db >ey \h^u wlh [m^_l | f

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

<ujZabl_ \ ]_dlhiZkdZeyo ^Z\e_gb_ jZ\gh_ ff jl kl ff jl kl >Zgh j ff jl kl j ff jl kl ff jl kl IZ j IZ ± "

Hl\_l ]IZ ]IZ

J_r_gb_ j ff jl kl u IZ IZ | ]IZ j ff jl kl u IZ IZ | ]IZ

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

JZkkfhljbl_ jbkmghd Hl\_lvl_ gZ \hijhku Z Ihq_fm ^ey mjZ\gh\_rb\Zgby ^Z\e_gby Zlfhkn_ju \ukhlZ dhlhjhc ^hk lb]Z_l ^_kyldh\ lukyq dbehf_ljh\ ^hklZlhqgh klhe[Z jlmlb \ukhlhc hdheh ff" [ KbeZ Zlfhkn_jgh]h ^Z\e_gby ^_ckl\m _l gZ jlmlv gZoh^ysmxky \ qZr_qd_ k\_jom \gba Ihq_fm `_ Zlfhkn_jgh_ ^Z\e_gb_ m^_j`b\Z_l klhe[ jlmlb \ ljm[d_" \

DZd ih\ebyeh [u gZebqb_ \ha^moZ \ ljm[d_ gZ^ jlmlvx gZ ihdZaZ gby jlmlgh]h [Zjhf_ljZ" ] Baf_gblky eb ihdZaZgby [Zjhf_ljZ _keb ljm[dm gZdehgblv" himklblv ]em[`_ \ qZrdm kh jlmlvx"

Hl\_l Z Ihlhfm qlh iehlghklv jlmlb [he__ q_f \ jZa [hevr_ iehlghklb \ha^moZ ijb ghjfZevguo mkeh\byo [ Ihlhfm qlh \ha^mo ba \_jog_c qZklb ljm[db hldZqZg \ Ijb Zlfhkn_jghf ^Z\e_gbb \gmljb ljm[db ihdZaZgby [Zjh f_ljZ [m^ml gme_\ufb Z ijb ^Z\e_gbb f_gvr_ Zlfhkn_jgh]h \u khlZ klhe[Z jlmlb [m^_l K ff

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ihq_fm \ha^mrguc rZjbd gZiheg_gguc \h^hjh^hf ijb ih^t_ f_ gZ^ a_fe_c m\_ebqb\Z_lky \ h[t_f_"

Hl\_l K m\_ebq_gb_f \ukhlu ih^t_fZ Zlfhkn_jgh_ ^Z\e_gb_ mf_gv rZ_lky ba aZ mf_gvr_gby \ukhlu \ha^mrgh]h klhe[Z Z lZd`_ iehlghklb \ha^moZ >Z\e_gb_ `_ \gmljb rZjbdZ hklZ_lky ij_`gbf Ihwlhfm rZjbd m\_ebqb\Z_lky \ h[t_f_

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

M ih^gh`by ]hju [Zjhf_lj ihdZau\Z_l ff jl kl Z gZ \_jrbg_ ff jl kl DZdh\Z \ukhlZ ]hju" >Zgh J_r_gb_ j ff jl kl j ± j ± ff jl kl ff jl kl j ff jl kl ff jl kl ± f ih^t_fZ ff jl kl ± K K ± " ff jl kl ˜ f K f ff jl kl Hl\_l f

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

<ujZabl_ ghjfZevgh_ Zlfhkn_jgh_ ^Z\e_gb_ \ ]_dlhiZkdZeyo >Zgh J_r_gb_ j IZ j IZ ]IZ j ]IZ ± "

Hl\_l ]IZ

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ijb fZkk_ d] b jhkl_ f iehsZ^v ih\_joghklb l_eZ q_eh \_dZ jZ\gZ | f JZkkqblZcl_ kbem k dhlhjhc Zlfhkn_jZ ^Z \bl gZ q_eh\_dZ ijb ghjfZevghf Zlfhkn_jghf ^Z\e_gbb >Zgh J_r_gb_ 6 f ) j IZ u f j j IZ G | dIZ 6 ) ± " ) 6u j Hl\_l dG q_eh\_d g_ hsmsZ_l ^_ckl\by lZdhc kbeu l d ^Z\e_gb_ \gmljb g_]h khjZaf_jgh ihqlb lZdh_ `_ \g_rg_fm \ha ^mrghfm

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

GZ jbkmgd_ bah[jZ`_gZ mijhs_ggZy ko_fZ ]b^jZ\ebq_kdh]h ih^t_fgbdZ ]b^jZ\ebq_kdh]h ^hfdjZlZ ]^_ ± ih^gbfZ_fh_ l_ eh ± fZeuc ihjr_gv ± deZiZgu ± deZiZg ^ey himkdZgby ]jm aZ ± [hevrhc ihjr_gv =jma dZdhc fZkku fh`gh ih^gylv lZdhc fZrbghc _keb ba\_klgh qlh iehsZ^v fZeh]h ihjrgy kf [hevrh]h ± kf Z kbeZ ^_ckl\mxsZy gZ fZeuc ihjr_gv fh`_l ^hklb]Zlv G" Lj_gb_ g_ mqblu\Zlv >Zgh J_r_gb_ 6 kf ) 6 G u kf ) G 6 kf ) 6 kf ) + ) 6 J + d] G ) P d] l 6 ) ± " G ) d] P J Hl\_l l

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

< ]b^jZ\ebq_kdhf ij_kk_ iehsZ^v fZeh]h ihjrgy ± kf ieh sZ^v [hevrh]h kf KbeZ ^_ckl\mxsZy gZ fZeuc ihjr_gv G gZ [hevrhc dG DZdhc \ub]jur \ kbe_ ^Z_l wlhl ij_kk" Ihq_fm ij_kk g_ ^Z_l fZdkbfZevgh]h \ub]jurZ \ kbe_" DZdhc \ub]jur \ kbe_ ^he`_g [ue [u ^Z\Zlv wlhl ij_kk ijb hl kmlkl\bb kbeu lj_gby f_`^m ihjrg_f b kl_gdZfb ij_kkZ" >Zgh J_r_gb_ 6 kf 6 kf ) G jZa ) + ) G ) + 6 kf ) jZa ²" 6 ) kf Hl\_l FZdkbfZevguc \ub]jur \ kbe_ ^he`_g [ulv jZa ba aZ gZebqby kbe lj_gby hg j_Zevgh jZ\_g jZa

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Fh`gh eb kha^Zlv fZrbgm ih^h[gmx ]b^jZ\ebq_kdhc bkihev amy \f_klh \h^u \ha^mo" Hl\_l h[hkgmcl_

Hl\_l >Z fh`gh ihkdhevdm aZdhg IZkdZey ^_ckl\m_l b ^ey `b^dh kl_c b ^ey ]Zah\ H^gZdh ba aZ k`bfZ_fhklb ]Zau [he__ mijm]b b ^Z\e_gb_ i_j_^Zxl k aZ^_j`dhc Z lZd`_ lj_[mxl [he__ lsZl_ev ghc ]_jf_lbaZpbb

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

D dhjhfukem \_kh\ ih^\_r_gu ^\Z pbebg^jZ h^bgZdh\hc fZkku k\bgph\uc b Zexfbgb_\uc <_ku gZoh^ylky \ jZ\gh\_kbb GZjm rblky eb jZ\gh\_kb_ \_kh\ _keb h[Z pbebg^jZ h^gh\j_f_ggh ih ]jmablv \ \h^m" kibjl" Hl\_l h[hkgmcl_ Ijh\_jvl_ _]h gZ hiul_ DZd aZ\bkbl \ulZedb\ZxsZy kbeZ hl h[t_fZ l_eZ" Hl\_l FZkku pbebg^jh\ jZ\gu ihwlhfm h[t_f Zexfbgb_\h]h pbebg ^jZ [hevr_ Ihke_ ih]jm`_gby pbebg^jh\ \ `b^dhklv gZ gbo [m ^ml ^_ckl\h\Zlv kbeZ ): U`J9l KbeZ ^_ckl\mxsZy gZ l_eh [hevr_]h h[t_fZ [m^_l [hevr_ JZ\gh\_kb_ gZjmrblky

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

D dhjhfukem \_kh\ ih^\_r_gu ^\Z h^bgZdh\uo ih h[t_fm Zex fbgb_\uo pbebg^jZ GZjmrblky eb jZ\gh\_kb_ \_kh\ _keb h^bg pbebg^j ih]jmablv \ \h^m ^jm]hc ± \ kibjl" Hl\_l h[hkgmcl_ AZ\bkbl eb \ulZedb\ZxsZy kbeZ hl iehlghklb `b^dhklb" Hl\_l Ihke_ ih]jm`_gby pbebg^jh\ \ `b^dhklb gZ gbo [m^ml ^_ckl \h\Zlv kbeu ): U\J9 ): UkiJ9 9 9 U\ ! Uki Â&#x; ): ! ): JZ\gh\_kb_ gZjmrblky

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

H[t_f dmkdZ `_e_aZ ^f DZdZy \ulZedb\ZxsZy kbeZ [m^_l gZ g_]h ^_ckl\h\Zlv ijb iheghf ih]jm`_gbb \ \h^m" \ d_jhkbg" >Zgh 9` ^f f U\ d] f Ud d] f J G d] )$ ± " )$ ± "

Hl\_l G G

J_r_gb_ )$ JU` 9l )$ JU` 9l G d] u f ): u d] f ):

G

d]

u

d] u f f

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

G G

;_lhggZy ieblZ h[t_fhf f ih]jm`_gZ \ \h^m DZdmx kbem g_h[oh^bfh ijbeh`blv qlh[u m^_j`Zlv __ \ \h^_" \ \ha^mo_" >Zgh 9` f U\ d] f U\ha^ d] f J + d] U\ d] f ) ) ± "

J_r_gb_ 5 )7 ± )$ )7 PJ )$ JU`9l P Ul9l

5\

G §¨ d] d] ·¸ ˜ ¸ d] ¨© f f ¹ G § d] d] f ˜ ˜ ¨ d] ¨© f f

f ˜

5 \ha^

Hl\_l dG | dG

G · ¸ ¸ ¹

G

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

GZ \_kZo mjZ\gh\_kbeb hleb\ghc khkm^ k \h^hc < \h^m himklbeb ^_j_\ygguc [jmkhd JZ\gh\_kb_ \_kh\ \gZqZe_ gZjmrbehkv Gh dh ]^Z \ky \h^Z \ul_kg_ggZy ieZ\Zxsbf [jmkdhf \ul_deZ ba khkm ^Z jZ\gh\_kb_ \_kh\ \hklZgh\behkv H[tykgbl_ wlh y\e_gb_

Hl\_l Dh]^Z \ \h^m himklbeb [jmkhd jZ\gh\_kb_ gZjmrbehkv ih kdhevdm gZ qZrdm \_kh\ klZe ^_ckl\h\Zlv b \_k [jmkdZ J[j Ih kdhevdm [jmkhd ieZ\Z_l lh \_k \ul_kg_gghc bf \h^u jZ\_g \_km [jmkdZ Dh]^Z \ky \ul_kg_ggZy [jmkdhf \h^Z \uebeZkv kgh\Z mk lZgh\behkv jZ\gh\_kb_

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ihq_fm ieZ\Z_l ly`_eh_ km^gh Z ]\ha^v miZ\rbc \ \h^m lh g_l" Hl\_l Ihlhfm qlh \_k \h^u \ul_kg_gghc km^ghf jZ\_g \_km km^gZ Z \_k \h^u \ul_kg_gghc ]\ha^_f f_gvr_ \_kZ ]\ha^y l d iehl ghklv fZl_jbZeZ ba dhlhjh]h hg k^_eZg [hevr_ iehlghklb \h^u

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

GZ jbkmgd_ bah[jZ`_gh h^gh b lh`_ l_eh ieZ\Zxs__ \ ^\mo jZaguo `b^dhklyo Iehlghklv dZdhc `b^dhklb [hevr_" Ihq_ fm" Qlh fh`gh kdZaZlv h kbe_ ly`_klb ^_ckl\mxs_c gZ l_eh b Zjobf_^h\hc kbe_ \ lhf b ^jm]hf kemqZ_"

Hl\_l Ihkdhevdm l_eh ieZ\Z_l \_k \ul_kg_gghc bf `b^dhklb jZ\_g \_km l_eZ Khhl\_lkl\_ggh [hevr_c iehlghklvx h[eZ^Z_l lZ `b^ dhklv ieZ\Zy \ dhlhjhc l_eh \ul_kgy_l f_gvrbc h[t_f

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ycph beb dZjlhn_ebgZ lhg_l \ ij_kghc \h^_ gh ieZ\Z_l \ khe_ghc H[tykgbl_ ihq_fm IjhgZ[ex^Zcl_ wlh kZfb gZ hiul_

Hl\_l Ihkdhevdm iehlghklv khe_ghc \h^u \ur_ l_eZ lhgmsb_ \ ij_ kghc \h^_ fh]ml ieZ\Zlv \ khe_ghc _keb bo iehlghklv U [hevr_ iehlghklb ij_kghc \h^u gh f_gvr_ iehlghklb khe_ghc

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Bah[jZabl_ ]jZnbq_kdb kbeu ^_ckl\mxsb_ gZ l_eh ieZ\Zx s__ gZ \h^_ \kieu\Zxs__ gZ ih\_joghklv \h^u lhgms__ \ \h^_ Hl\_l

)$

)l )l )$

)$ )l

)l )$

)$ )l

)l ! )$

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ihevamykv lZ[ebpZfb iehlghklb hij_^_ebl_ dZdb_ f_lZeeu [m^ml ieZ\Zlv \ jlmlb Z dZdb_ ± lhgmlv

Hl\_l IeZ\Zlv \ jlmlb [m^ml f_lZeeu iehlghklv dhlhjuo f_gvr_ iehlghklb jlmlb k\bg_p k_j_[jh f_^v eZlmgv `_e_ah heh\h b ^j Lhgmlv \ jlmlb [m^ml f_lZeeu iehlghklv dhlhjuo [hevr_ iehlghklb jlmlb hkfbc bjb^bc ieZlbgZ ahehlh

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

DZd baf_gblky hkZ^dZ dhjZ[ey ijb i_j_oh^_ ba j_db \ fhj_" Hl\_l h[tykgbl_

Hl\_l FhjkdZy \h^Z iehlg__ j_qghc Z agZqbl \ulZedb\Z_l ih]jm`_g gu_ l_eZ kbevg__ Ijb i_j_oh^_ ba j_db \ fhj_ ]em[bgZ ih]jm`_ gby dhjZ[ey mf_gvrblky

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

KbeZ ly`_klb ^_ckl\mxsZy gZ km^gh dG DZdhc h[t _f \h^u \ul_kgy_l wlh km^gh" >Zgh )7 G U\ d] f J + d] 9\h^u ± " Hl\_l f

J_r_gb_ J\h^u Jl_eZ Jl_eZ )l )\ul J\h^u )$ JU\9l JU\9\h^u ) l 9\ U J \

G d] G u d] f f

9`

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Iehl ieu\msbc ih j_d_ bf__l iehsZ^v f Ihke_ lh]h dZd gZ g_]h ihf_klbeb ]jma _]h hkZ^dZ m\_ebqbeZkv gZ kf DZdhc \_k ihf_s_ggh]h gZ iehl ]jmaZ" >Zgh 6 f K kf f J + d] U` d] f 3 ± "

J

G

d]

˜

Hl\_l dG

J_r_gb_ Jl J` ) J` )\ul JP` )$ JU`9l 9l 6 u K 3 )$ JU` 6 u K

d] ˜ f ˜ f G f

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

GZ \_kZo mjZ\gh\_r_gZ [mluedZ \gmljb dhlhjhc gZoh^blky k`Zluc \ha^mo Q_j_a ijh[dm [mluedb ijhims_gZ kl_deyggZy ljm[dZ k djZghf gZ gZjm`ghf dhgp_ dhlhjhc ijb\yaZgZ h[hehqdZ j_abgh\h]h rZjZ ?keb qZklv \ha^moZ i_j_c^_l \ h[hehqdm b jZa^m _l __ lh jZ\gh\_kb_ \_kh\ gZjmrblky Ijh^_eZcl_ \ deZkk_ lZ dhc hiul H[tykgbl_ gZ[ex^Z_fh_ y\e_gb_

Hl\_l Ihkdhevdm h[sbc \_k [mluedb rZjZ b aZdexq_ggh]h \ gbo \ha^moZ g_ baf_gblky Z aZgbfZ_fuc bfb h[t_f m\_ebqblky kbeZ \ulZedb\Zgby ^_ckl\mxsZy gZ ijb[hj m\_ebqblky qlh ijb\_^_l d gZjmr_gbx jZ\gh\_kby

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

GZ \_kZo mjZ\gh\_r_g e_]dbc kl_deygguc rZj ?keb ihf_klblv \_ku ih^ dhehdhe \ha^mrgh]h gZkhkZ b hldZqZlv \ha^mo lh jZ\gh \_kb_ \_kh\ gZjmrblky Ihq_fm"

Hl\_l JZ\gh\_kb_ gZjmrblky l d ijb hldZqd_ \ha^moZ hdjm`Zxs_]h rZj gZ g_]h i_j_klZ_l ^_ckl\h\Zlv \ulZedb\ZxsZy kbeZ

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

RZj ahg^ h[t_fhf f gZiheg_g \h^hjh^hf <uqbkebl_ ih^t_fgmx kbem wlh]h rZjZ _keb hg gZoh^blky gZ \ukhl_ df ]^_ iehlghklv Zlfhkn_ju jZ\gZ d] f baf_g_gb_ h[t_fZ rZjZ ijb ih^t_f_ g_ mqblu\Zlv >Zgh 9 f K f U\ha^ d] f UG d] f )ih^t_fg "

Hl\_l G

J_r_gb_ )i J\ha^ J]ZaZ J\ha^ )$ JU\ha^9\ha^ J]ZaZ JP]ZaZ JU]ZaZ9]ZaZ 9\ha^ 9]ZaZ )i JK U\ha^ U]ZaZ

)i

G d] d] · § ˜ f ˜ ¨ ¸ d] f f © ¹

G

JZa^_e 9 JZ[hlZ b fhsghklv Wg_j]by † MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

< dZdbo ba gb`_i_j_qbke_gguo kemqZ_\ kh\_jrZ_lky f_oZgbq_ kdZy jZ[hlZ fZevqbd \e_aZ_l gZ ^_j_\h ^_\hqdZ b]jZ_l gZ ibZ gbgh \h^Z ^Z\bl gZ kl_gdm khkm^Z \h^Z iZ^Z_l k iehlbgu" Hl\_l F_oZgbq_kdZy jZ[hlZ kh\_jrZ_lky dh]^Z ih^ ^_ckl\b_f kbeu l_eh ^\b`_lky l _ dh]^Z fZevqbd \e_aZ_l gZ ^_j_\h b \h^Z iZ^Z_l k iehlbgu

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ih ]eZ^dhfm ]hjbahglZevghfm ev^m dZlblky klZevghc rZjbd >h imklbf qlh lj_gb_ h e_^ b khijhlb\e_gb_ \ha^moZ hlkmlkl\mxl Kh\_jrZ_lky eb ijb wlhf jZ[hlZ"

Hl\_l ?keb l_eh rZjbd ^\b`_lky [_a mqZklby kbe ih bg_jpbb lh f_oZgbq_kdZy jZ[hlZ g_ kh\_jrZ_lky

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ijb ihfhsb ih^t_fgh]h djZgZ ih^gyeb ]jma fZkkhc d] gZ \ukhlm f DZdZy jZ[hlZ ijb wlhf kh\_jr_gZ" >Zgh J_r_gb_ P d] $ ) u 6 G $ d] u u f >` 6 K f ) PJ d] $ ± " $ PJ6 Hl\_l d>`

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

DZdZy jZ[hlZ kh\_jrZ_lky ijb ih^t_f_ ]b^jZ\ebq_kdh]h fh ehlZ fZkkhc l gZ \ukhlm kf" >Zgh J_r_gb_ P l d] G $ ) u 6 $ d] u u f 6 K kf f ) PJ d] J G d] $ PJ6 >` $ ± " Hl\_l d>`

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

K iehlbgu \ukhlhc f aZ fbg iZ^Z_l l \h^u DZdZy fhsghklv jZa\b\Z_lky ijb wlhf" >Zgh 6 K f W fbg k P l d] J G d] 1 ± "

J_r_gb_ $ 1 W $ ) u 6 ) PJ PJ6 1 W

Hl\_l | d<l

1

d] u

<l

k

G u f d]

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

DZdh\Z fhsghklv q_eh\_dZ ijb oh^v[_ _keb aZ q hg ^_eZ_l rZ]h\ b aZ dZ`^uc rZ] kh\_jrZ_l >` jZ[hlu" >Zgh W q k Q $ >` 1 ± "

Hl\_l <l

J_r_gb_ $uQ 1 W >` u 1

<l

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

DZdmx jZ[hlm kh\_jrZ_l ^\b]Zl_ev fhsghklvx d<l aZ fbg" >Zgh 1 d<l <l

W fbg k : ± " Hl\_l d>`

J_r_gb_ $ 1 W : 1 ˜ W

$ <l u k >`

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

LjZgkihjl_j aZ q ih^gbfZ_l f i_kdZ gZ \ukhlm f <u qbkebl_ g_h[oh^bfmx ^ey wlhc jZ[hlu fhsghklv ^\b]Zl_ey Iehlghklv i_kdZ d] f >Zgh W q k 9i f Ui d] f 6 K f J G d] 1 ± "

J_r_gb_ $ 1 $ ) u 6 W

U9J6 W ˜ f ˜ G

) PJ P U9 1 1

Hl\_l <l

d]

f

k

d]

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<l

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

<ujZabl_ \ dbeh\ZllZo b f_]Z\ZllZo ke_^mxsb_ fhsghklb <l <l <ujZabl_ \ \ZllZo ke_^mxsb_ fhsghklb d<l d<l d<l F<l F<l Hl\_l <l d<l F<l <l d<l F<l d<l <l d<l <l d<l <l F<l <l F<l <l

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

RlZg]bkl ih^gye rlZg]m fZkkhc d] gZ \ukhlm kf aZ k DZdmx kj_^gxx fhsghklv jZa\be kihjlkf_g ijb wlhf" >Zgh P d] 6 K kf f W F 1 ± "

J_r_gb_ $ 1 W $ PJ6 PJ6 1 W

Hl\_l 1 <l

1

d] <l

f

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d]

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† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

JZkkqblZlv mkeh\b_ jZ\gh\_kby juqZ]Z _keb _]h ie_qb f b f GZ dhjhldhf juqZ]_ jZkiheh`_g ]jma d] >Zgh O f O f P d] J G d] P ± "

J_r_gb_ Ih ijZ\bem jZ\gh\_kby juqZ]Z ) O ) O ) P J ) P J P JO P JO P O P O P

Hl\_l | d]

d] u f f

d]

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

K ihfhsvx ih^\b`gh]h [ehdZ ]jma ih^gyeb gZ \ukhlm f GZ dZdmx ^ebgm ijb wlhf [ue \ulygml k\h[h^guc dhg_p \_j_\db" >Zgh O K f J G d] O ± "

Hl\_l f

J_r_gb_ Ih^\b`guc [ehd ^Z_l \ub]jur \ kbe_ \ jZaZ O ) ) 3 O 3 3 O 3O )O 3O O O Â&#x; O O O u f f

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

JZ[hqbc k ihfhsvx ih^\b`gh]h [ehdZ ih^gye ]jma gZ \ukhlm f ijbeZ]Zy d k\h[h^ghfm dhgpm \_j_\db kbem G DZdmx jZ[h lm hg kh\_jrbe"

>Zgh O K f ) + $ ± "

J_r_gb_ <ub]jur \ kbe_ 3 ) : )l u 6 )l J J ) : ) u 6 6 K : u f u G >`

)

3

Hl\_l >`

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

DZd ijbf_gblv [ehd ^ey \ub]jurZ \ jZkklhygbb" Hl\_l Qlh[u ijbf_gblv [ehd ^ey \ub]jurZ \ jZkklhygbb ijhb]ju \Zy \ kbe_ gm`gh ijbdeZ^u\Zlv kbem d _]h hkb B ijb i_j_f_s_ gbb [ehdZ hkb [ehdZ gZ jZkklhygb_ O dhg_p \_j_\db i_j_f_klblky gZ jZkklhygb_ u O

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

DZd fh`gh kh_^bgblv ^jm] k ^jm]hf ih^\b`gu_ b g_ih^\b` gu_ [ehdb qlh[u ihemqblv \ub]jur \ kbe_ \ jZaZ" \ jZa" Hl\_l Z

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3

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)

3

H^bg ih^\b`guc [ehd ^Z_l \ub]jur \ kbe_ \ jZaZ ke_^h\Z l_evgh dhf[bgZpby mo ih^\b`guo b g_ih^\b`gh]h [ehdZ ^Zkl \ub]jur \ kbe_ \ jZaZ Z mo g_ih^\b`guo b _o ih^\b`guo \ jZa

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

J_rbl_ aZ^Zqm mqblu\Zy \_k [ehdZ jZ\guc G >Zgh J_r_gb_ K f 3 ) ± \ub]jur \ kbe_ ) + J[e G )l J J]j J[ehdZ )l ) $ )Â6 6 K $ ± " : ihe_agZy G u f >` Hl\_l >`

: ihegZy

G u f

>`

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

DZdhc ihl_gpbZevghc wg_j]b_c hlghkbl_evgh A_feb h[eZ^Z_l l_eh fZkkhc d] gZ \ukhl_ f >Zgh J_r_gb_ P d] G ? j PJK d] u f u | >` K f d] J G d] ?j ± " Hl\_l | d>`

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Fhehl dhijZ ^ey aZ[b\Zgby k\Zc jbk fZkkhc d] iZ^Z _l k \ukhlu f Q_fm [m^_l jZ\gZ ihl_gpbZevgZy b dbg_lbq_ kdZy wg_j]by fhehlZ gZ \ukhl_ f" >Zgh J_r_gb_ K f (S PJK P d] (S PJK ?d ?j ± ?j K f J G d] G ? j d] u f u | >` (S (d ± " d] G ? j d] u f u | >` d] ?d ?j ± ?j | >` ± >` | >` Hl\_l d>` d>`

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

< dZdbo f_klZo j_db ± m bklhdh\ beb \ mklv_ ± dZ`^uc dm[bq_ kdbc f_lj \h^u h[eZ^Z_l [hevr_c ihl_gpbZevghc wg_j]b_c" Hl \_l h[hkgmcl_ Hl\_l DZ`^uc dm[bq_kdbc f_lj \h^u h[eZ^Z_l [hevr_c ihl_gpbZev ghc wg_j]b_c m bklhdh\ j_d l d \ wlhf kemqZ_ [hevr_ \ukhlZ _]h ih^t_fZ gZ^ mjh\g_f fhjy

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

< dZdhc j_d_ ± ]hjghc beb jZ\gbgghc ± dZ`^uc dm[bq_kdbc f_lj l_dms_c \h^u h[eZ^Z_l [hevr_c dbg_lbq_kdhc wg_j]b_c" Ihq_fm"

Hl\_l DZ`^uc dm[bq_kdbc f_lj l_dms_c \h^u h[eZ^Z_l [hevr_c db g_lbq_kdhc wg_j]b_c \ ]hjghc j_d_ g_`_eb \ jZ\gbgghc l d kdh jhklv l_q_gby ^\b`_gby \h^u \ wlhf kemqZ_ \ur_

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

<ukhlZ iZ^_gby \h^u gZ Gmj_dkdhc =WK jZ\gZ f DZ`^mx k_dmg^m q_j_a h^gm lmj[bgm =WK ijhoh^bl f \h^u DZdZy wg_j]by \ k jZkoh^m_lky \ lmj[bg_" Q_fm jZ\_g DI> lmj[bgu _keb we_dljbq_kdZy fhsghklv __ jZ\gZ F\l" KjZ\gbl_ fhs ghklv Gmj_dkdhc =WK k fhsghklvx i_j\hc kh\_lkdhc =WK __ fhsghklv khklZ\eyeZ luk d<l >Zgh U\h^u d] f K f 9 f W F 1 F<l u <l J G d]

?j ² "K ² "

J_r_gb_ (S PJK P U9 (S U9JK 1uW K ˜ PJK :i

:a K

Hl\_l F>`

1uW

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PJK

?j

d]

u f u

f G u u f d] >` |

| F>` | ˜ d>`

u <l u k u | u >`

† MijZ`g_gb_ AZ^Zgb_ ‹

MdZ`bl_ ij_\jZs_gb_ h^gh]h \b^Z wg_j]bb \ ^jm]hc \ ke_^mx sbo kemqZyo Z ijb iZ^_gbb \h^u \h^hiZ^Z [ ijb [jhkZgbb fyqZ \_jlbdZevgh \\_jo \ ijb aZdjmqb\Zgbb ijm`bgu gZjmqguo qZkh\ ] gZ ijbf_j_ ^\_jghc ijm`bgu Hl\_l Z ?j ih^gylhc \h^u i_j_oh^bl \ __ ?d ^\b`ms_]hky l_eZ [ ?d ^\b`ms_]hky fyqZ i_j_oh^bl \ ?j ih^gylh]h l_eZ gZ^ a_f e_c Z aZl_f ijb iZ^_gbb fyqZ ± h[jZlgh \ dbg_lbq_kdmx \ ?j ijm`bgu i_j_oh^bl \ ?d ^\b`_gby klj_ehd ] ihl_gpbZevgZy wg_j]by jZklygmlhc ijm`bgu i_j_oh^bl \ wg_j ]bx ^\b`_gby ^\_jb

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

FZkku iZ^Zxsbo l_e h^bgZdh\u H^bgZdh\u eb agZq_gby ih l_gpbZevghc wg_j]bb l_e gZ h^ghc b lhc `_ \ukhl_ b h^bgZdh\u eb agZq_gby dbg_lbq_kdhc wg_j]bb gZ wlhc \ukhl_" Hl\_l Wg_j]by ihl_gpbZevgZy l_eZ aZ\bkbl hl _]h fZkku b \ukhlu gZ oh`^_gby gZ^ A_fe_c ?j PJK l d P P Z K K lh ?j ?j Wg_j]by dbg_lbq_kdZy l_eZ aZ\bkbl hl _]h fZkku b _]h kdhjhklb ^\b`_gby d A_fe_ ?keb gZ h^ghc b lhc `_ \ukhl_ wlb kdhjhklb [m^ml h^bgZdh\ufb lh ?d ?d

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ijb\_^bl_ ijbf_ju l_e h[eZ^Zxsbo h^gh\j_f_ggh dbg_lbq_ kdhc b ihl_gpbZevghc wg_j]b_c Hl\_l IZ^ZxsZy \h^Z k iehlbgu fZylgbd e_lysZy klj_eZ iZ^Zxs_c dZf_gv b ^j

AZ^Zqb ^ey ih\lhj_gby klj

I_j\hgZqZevgu_ k\_^_gby h kljh_gbb \_s_kl\Z AZ^Zgb_ ‹

GZ dZdhf y\e_gbb hkgh\Zgh \ufZqb\Zgb_ khe_ghc k_ev^b" H[t ykgbl_ dZd ijhbkoh^bl i_j_oh^ kheb ba k_ev^b \ \h^m

Hl\_l GZ y\e_gbb ^bnnmabb Fhe_dmeu kheb \ jZkl\hj_ jZkiZ^Zxlky gZ bhgu Z bhgu \ j_amevlZl_ ijhp_kkZ ^bnnmabb i_j_f_sZxlky \ \h^m h[f_gb\Zykv f_klZfb k bhgZfb \h^u

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ihf_klb\ ih^ fbdjhkdhi dZiex fhehdZ fh`gh m\b^_lv \ g_c f_edb_ rZjbdb fZkeZ Ihq_fm wlb rZjbdb [_kihjy^hqgh ^\b]Zxl ky" Ihq_fm ijb ih\ur_gbb l_fi_jZlmju fhehdZ ^\b`_gb_ bo mkbeb\Z_lky" Hl\_l Ihlhfm qlh fhe_dmeu `b^dhklb ^\b`mlky g_ij_ju\gh b [_k ihjy^hqgh Z k ih\ur_gb_f l_fi_jZlmju kdhjhklv bo ^\b`_gby \hajZklZ_l

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ihq_fm keb\db gZ fhehd_ [uklj__ hlklZb\Zxlky \ oheh^ghf ihf_s_gbb q_f \ l_iehf" Hl\_l Ihlhfm qlh ijb gbadhc l_fi_jZlmj_ qZklbpu `bjZ f_g__ ih^ \_j`_gu \ebygbx hdjm`Zxsbo fhe_dme l d kdhjhklb bo ^\b`_ gby gb`_ hgb e_]dh fh]ml ³kebiZlvky´ ijbly]b\Zykv ^jm] d ^jm]m

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Qlh[u iehlgh aZdjulv neZdhg ihevamxlky ijbl_jlufb ijh[dZfb Ijh[dm b qZklv ]hjeurdZ neZdhgZ ]eZ^dh hlrebnh\u \Zxl \ lhf f_kl_ ]^_ hgb khijbdZkZxlky GZ q_f hkgh\Zgh ijb f_g_gb_ ijbl_jluo ijh[hd" Hl\_l Ijbf_g_gb_ ijbl_jluo ijh[hd hkgh\Zgh gZ \hafh`ghklb hl rebnh\Zgguo ih\_joghkl_c iehlgh kebiZlvky l d fhe_dmeu kh klZ\eyxsb_ bo k[eb`Zxlky gZ jZkklhygb_ ^hklZlhqgh_ ^ey \aZb fh^_ckl\by Khhl\_lkl\_ggh lZdb_ ijh[db fh]ml [ulv hq_gv iehlgufb ]_jf_lbqgufb

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Fhdjh_ [_ev_ \u\_kbeb gZ mebpm Ihq_fm ihke_ aZf_jaZgby _]h ljm^gh jZah]gmlv keh`blv" Hl\_l Ihlhfm qlh \h^Z gZfhqb\rZy [_ev_ i_j_oh^bl \ khklhygb_ l\_j^h]h l_eZ djbklZeeu ev^Z

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ijb h^ghc b lhc `_ l_fi_jZlmj_ ^bnnmaby \ ]ZaZo ijhbkoh ^bl [uklj__ q_f \ `b^dhklyo H[tykgbl_ ihq_fm Hl\_l Ihlhfm qlh jZkklhygb_ f_`^m fhe_dmeZfb ]ZaZ aZf_lgh [hev r_ b fhe_dmeu _]h fh]ml i_j_f_sZlvky [he__ k\h[h^gh

<aZbfh^_ckl\b_ l_e AZ^Zgb_ ‹

LjZdlhj ^\b`_lky ih ]jmglm DZd i_j_f_sZxlky hlghkb l_evgh ]jmglZ \_jogyy b gb`gyy qZklb ]mk_gbp ljZdlhjZ" Hl\_l <_jogyy ± \i_j_^ gb`gyy ± ihdhblky

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Imlv df aZyp jmkZd ijh[_]Z_l aZ q Z \hed ± aZ q fbg JZkkqblZcl_ b kjZ\gbl_ kdhjhklb `b\hlguo >Zgh 6 df Wa q W\ q fbg q 9a ²" 9\

J_r_gb_ 6 9 W 9a df q df q 9\ df q df q 9a 9\

Hl\_l df q df q [hevr_ \ jZaZ

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

KZfh_ [ukljhoh^gh_ fe_dhiblZxs__ `b\hlgh_ ]_iZj^ GZ dhjhldbo ^bklZgpbyo hg jZa\b\Z_l kdhjhklv ± df q KjZ\gb l_ kdhjhklv ]_iZj^Z kh kdhjhklvx Z\lhfh[bey jZ\ghc f k >Zgh 9 df q 9 f k 9 ²" 9

J_r_gb_ 9

9 !9

Hl\_l 9 f k 9 !9

df q

f k

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AZ^Zgb_ ‹

I_j\Zy dhkfbq_kdZy kdhjhklv kdhjhklv dhlhjmx ^he`gh bf_lv l_eh qlh[u klZlv bkdmkkl\_gguf kimlgbdhf A_feb jZ\ gZ df k DZdh_ jZkklhygb_ ijhc^_l aZ fbg jZd_lZ e_lysZy k lZdhc kdhjhklvx" >Zgh 9 df k W fbg k_d 6 ± "

Hl\_l df

J_r_gb_ 6 9 W 6 9uW

6

df u k k

df

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

< ] kh\_lkdbc kZfhe_l :GL wdbiZ` < I QdZeh\Z

kh\_jrbe [_kihkZ^hqguc i_j_e_l ba Fhkd\u \ KR: AZ q fbg hg ijhr_e df GZc^bl_ kj_^gxx kdhjhklv ihe_lZ >Zgh W q fbg q 6 df 9kj ± "

Hl\_l | df q

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df q

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Kh\_lkdZy dhkfbq_kdZy jZd_lZ \ ihe_l_ hl A_feb ^h Emgu ijhreZ imlv jZ\guc df aZ q Hij_^_ebl_ kj_^gxx kdhjhklv jZd_lu >Zgh 6 df W q 9kj ± "

Hl\_l | df q

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AZ^Zgb_ ‹

I_j\uc dhkfhgZ\l fbjZ X : =Z]Zjbg kh\_jrbe gZ dhjZ[e_ ©<hklhdª ihe_l ijh^he`Z\rbcky fbg DZdhc imlv ijhr_e aZ wlh \j_fy dhjZ[ev _keb hg ^\b]Zeky kh kdhjhklvx df q"

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f

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Q_j_a kdhevdh fbgml jZd_lZ aZims_ggZy k ih\_joghklb A_feb kh kdhjhklvx df k hle_lbl hl g__ gZ jZkklhygb_ df" DZ dh_ \j_fy ihlj_[m_lky gZ ij_h^he_gb_ lZdh]h `_ jZkklhygby kZfhe_lm Be " >Zgh J_r_gb_ 9 df k 6 f 9 W k fbg f k W f k 6 df 6 f W f W k | fbg 9 f k W ± " W ± " Hl\_l fbg fbg

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Qlh[u klhe[bd jlmlb \ f_^bpbgkdhf l_jfhf_lj_ himklbeky l_jfhf_lj ³\kljyob\Zxl´ ± ^\b]Zxl \gba Z aZl_f j_adh hklZ gZ\eb\Zxl DZdh\Z ijbqbgZ himkdZgby klhe[bdZ jlmlb" Hl\_l Jlmlv ^\b`msZyky k ]jZ^mkgbdhf b jmdhc ijh^he`Z_l ^\b`_ gb_ ih bg_jpbb

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

<k_ djmibgdb lhqbevgh]h dZfgy ^\b]Zxlky \f_kl_ k gbf ih hdjm`ghklb Gh dZd lhevdh djmibgdZ hlju\Z_lky hl dZfgy __ ^\b`_gb_ klZgh\blky ijyfhebg_cguf jbk Ihq_fm" Hl\_l Ihlhfm qlh gZ djmibgdm g_ ^_ckl\mxl gbdZdb_ kbeu djhf_ kb eu ly`_klb hgZ ^\b`_lky ih bg_jpbb

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

>ey q_]h ^_eZxl jZa[_] ijb iju`dZo \ ^ebgm" Hl\_l Ihke_ lheqdZ kihjlkf_g ^\b`_lky ih bg_jpbb \ gZijZ\e_gbb \ dhlhjhf hg jZa[_]Zeky

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ihq_fm ijb [ukljhc hklZgh\d_ fhlhpbdeZ lhjfhayl h[hbfb dhe_kZfb" Qlh fh`_l ijhbahclb _keb lhjfhablv lhevdh i_j_^ gbf dhe_khf" Hl\_l Ihlhfm qlh _keb lhjfhablv lhevdh i_j_^gbf dhe_khf fhlh pbde fh`_l i_j_\_jgmlvky

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Imey fZkkhc ] \ue_l_eZ ba Z\lhfZlZ kh kdhjhklvx f k <ke_^kl\b_ hl^Zqb Z\lhfZl ijbh[j_e kdhjhklv f k DZdh\Z fZkkZ Z\lhfZlZ" >Zgh J_r_gb_ P ] P 9 d] ˜ f u d] k P 9 P d] 9 f k f P 9 9 f k P k 9 P ± " Hl\_l | d]

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Fhe_dmeZ \h^hjh^Z klhedgmeZkv k fhe_dmehc \h^ygh]h iZjZ MdZdhc fhe_dmeu ijb wlhf kdhjhklv baf_gbeZkv [hevr_" <h kdhevdh jZa" Hl\_l M fhe_dmeu \h^hjh^Z lZd dZd fZkkZ __ f_gvr_ \ jZa lh b kdhjhklv baf_gbeZkv ijhihjpbhgZevgh

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

GZ jbkmgd_ bah[jZ`_gu [jmkdb h^bgZdh\hc fZkku ba]h lh\e_ggu_ ba f_^b Zexfbgby ahehlZ heh\Z k\bgpZ Ihevamykv lZ[ebp_c iehlghkl_c hij_^_ebl_ ba dZdh]h \_s_kl\Z ba]hlh\ e_g dZ`^uc [jmkhd Hl\_l H[t_f [jmkdZ ijb aZ^Zgghc fZkk_ h[jZlgh ijhihjpbhgZe_g iehlghklb L _ \ ihjy^d_ \hajZklZgby h[t_fZ Ahehlh F_^v Heh\h :exfbgbc

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

>ebgZ lhqbevgh]h [jmkdZ jZ\gZ kf rbjbgZ ± kf b lhesb gZ ± kf FZkkZ [jmkdZ d] Hij_^_ebl_ iehlghklv \_s_kl\Z ba dhlhjh]h k^_eZg [jmkhd \ d] f b ] kf

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AZ^Zgb_ ‹

< Zd\Zjbmf ^ebghc kf b rbjbghc kf gZeblZ \h^Z ^h \u khlu kf Hij_^_ebl_ fZkkm gZeblhc \h^u DZdmx fZkkm bf__l lZdhc `_ h[t_f fZrbggh]h fZkeZ" >Zgh J_r_gb_ P DuEuF U 9 Z ˜ E ˜ k P U DÂEÂF

Ff u kf u kf 9 U d] f d] P u kf U d] f f P ± " d] P ± " u f d] f d] P u f d] f Hl\_l d] d]

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Kdhevdh `_e_agh^hjh`guo pbkl_jg ihlj_[m_lky ^ey i_j_\ha db g_nlb fZkkhc l _keb h[t_f dZ`^hc pbkl_jgu f " >Zgh J_r_gb_ P U d] f d] U 9 f 9 f d] 9 P l P f 9 U 9 f 9 ²" P 9 f 9 9 U Hl\_l pbkl_jg

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

FZkkZ imklhc [mluedb ] FZkkZ wlhc `_ [mluedb gZihe g_gghc \h^hc ] Z gZiheg_gghc ih^kheg_qguf fZkehf ± ] Hij_^_ebl_ ih wlbf ^Zgguf iehlghklv ih^kheg_qgh]h fZkeZ Iehlghklv \h^u kqblZlv ba\_klghc

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AZ^Zgb_ ‹

FZkkZ Zexfbgb_\hc ^_lZeb ] __ h[t_f kf ?klv eb \ wlhc ^_lZeb imklhlu" >Zgh J_r_gb_ P ] P ] ] U U ^_l 9 kf 9 kf kf U Ze

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Ijb ba]hlh\e_gbb we_dljbq_kdhc eZfiu ba g__ hldZqZeb \ha^mo lZd qlh fZkkZ hklZ\r_]hky \ eZfi_ \ha^moZ klZeZ \ feg jZa f_gvr_ i_j\hgZqZevghc DZd baf_gbeZkv iehlghklv \ha^moZ" DZd baf_gbehkv qbkeh fhe_dme \ _^bgbp_ h[t_fZ" Hl\_l LZd dZd h[t_f hklZeky i_j\hgZqZevguf iehlghklv b dhebq_kl \h fhe_dme \ _^bgbp_ h[t_fZ mf_gvrbebkv \ feg jZa

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ih\_joghklv `b^dh]h \hkdZ gZeblh]h \ [Zgdm ]hjbahglZevgZ Ihke_ hl\_j^_\Zgby \ g_f h[jZah\ZeZkv \hjhgdZ DZd baf_gbeky ijb wlhf h[t_f \hkdZ _]h fZkkZ b iehlghklv" DZd baf_gbehkv qbkeh fhe_dme \hkdZ \ _^bgbp_ h[t_fZ" Hl\_l

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AZ^Zgb_ ‹

FZkkZ h^gh]h ba kZfuo [hevrbo dblh\ h[gZjm`_gguo q_eh\_ dhf l DZdh\Z kbeZ ly`_klb ^_ckl\mxsZy gZ dblZ" Hl\_l P d] )l d] Â G d] dG FG

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

KZfZy djmigZy \ fbj_ ilbpZ ± ZnjbdZgkdbc kljZmk _]h fZkkZ ^hklb]Z_l d] Hij_^_ebl_ \_k h b kjZ\gbl_ _]h k \_khf kZfhc fZe_gvdhc ilbpu ± dheb[jb fZkkZ dhlhjhc ] >Zgh PF d] Pd ] d] J G d] Jk ± " Jd ± "

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AZ^Zgb_ ‹

G

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Dbjibq fZkkhc d] e_`bl gZ klhe_ <uqbkebl_ ^_ckl\mxsmx gZ dbjibq kbem ly`_klb Bah[jZabl_ ]jZnbq_kdb kbem ly`_klb \_k dbjibqZ b kbem mijm]hklb klheZ \ fZkrlZ[_ kf ± G DZdZy ba wlbo lj_o kbe baf_gblky _keb gZ dbjibq k\_jom gZ^Z\blv jm dhc" ) mij

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AZ^Zgb_ ‹

KbeZ ly]b Z\lhfh[bey G kbeZ khijhlb\e_gby _]h ^\b`_ gbx G Hij_^_ebl_ jZ\gh^_ckl\mxsmx wlbo kbe >Zgh J_r_gb_ )ly]b G 5 )ly]b )Fhij G ± G G )khij G 5 ± " Hl\_l G

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

H[tykgbl_ dZdh\h gZagZq_gb_ gZk_q_d gZ ]m[dZo lbkdh\ b iehkdh]m[p_\"

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AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ihq_fm \ ijhp_kk_ rebnh\db ljmsboky ih\_joghkl_c lj_gb_ f_`^m wlbfb ih\_joghklyfb kgZqZeZ mf_gvrZ_lky Z ihlhf kgh \Z \hajZklZ_l"

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AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ihq_fm dhe_kZ gZ]jm`_ggh]h Z\lhfh[bey [mdkmxl gZ kdheva dhc ^hjh]_ f_gvr_ q_f ihjh`g_]h" Hl\_l KbeZ lj_gby kdhev`_gby [hevr_ dh]^Z [hevr_ j_Zdpby hihju J_Zdpby hihju m\_ebqb\Z_lky k jhklhf gZ]jmadb

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ihq_fm gm`gh [_j_qv lhjfhaZ Z\lhfh[bey beb fhlhpbdeZ hl ihiZ^Zgby \ gbo fZkeZ"

Hl\_l IhiZ^Zgb_ fZkeZ mf_gvrZ_l lj_gb_ b khhl\_lkl\_ggh wnn_d lb\ghklv lhjfh`_gby

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ba\_klgh qlh f_`^m fhe_dmeZfb ^_ckl\mxl kbeu ijbly`_ gby Ihq_fm `_ ^\_ fhe_dmeu ]ZaZ klhedgm\rbkv g_ kebiZxlky Z jZae_lZxlky \ jZagu_ klhjhgu"

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AZ^Zgb_ ‹

Ihq_fm \ dZq_kl\_ ijbihy beb de_y ijbf_gyxl \_s_kl\Z \ `b^dhf khklhygbb" Hl\_l Ihlhfm qlh ijb iZcd_ b kde_cd_ ^_ckl\m_l wnn_dl kfZqb\Zgby

AZ^Zgb_ ‹

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Q_fm jZ\gh ^Z\e_gb_ gZ j_evku q_luj_ohkgh]h \Z]hgZ fZkkhc l _keb iehsZ^v khijbdhkgh\_gby h^gh]h dhe_kZ k j_evkhf kf " >Zgh P l d] J G d] 6 Ff f Q 6 6 u Q S ± "

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Kihjlkf_g fZkkZ dhlhjh]h d] kdhevabl gZ dhgvdZo DZdh_ ^Z\e_gb_ hdZau\Z_l hg gZ e_^ _keb ^ebgZ h^gh]h dhgvdZ kf Z rbjbgZ _]h e_a\by ff" >Zgh P d] J G d] O kf f G ff f Q dhgvdZ j ± "

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AZ^Zgb_ ‹

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AZ^Zgb_ ‹

HkZ \hgaZ_l k\h_ `Zeh k kbehc G Ihq_fm ^_ckl\my lZdhc fZe_gvdhc kbehc hgZ ijhdZeu\Z_l dh`m `b\hlgh]h" DZ dh_ ^Z\e_gb_ ijhba\h^bl `Zeh gZ dh`m _keb iehsZ^v _]h hkljby jZ\gZ kf "

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