Rethinking of Saint-Denis Community Centre Renovation
Studio B & C Projects Bin Du 18034955 14 August 2020
Saint-Denis in France
The concrete and steel of the old industrial age contain a kind of raw power, and it represents a generation is gone and a mixed era memory. This kind of lost memory can be reproduced in an intimate and exciting form, connecting the connection of The Times, and obtaining the meeting of space and time.
CONTENTS
TutorďźšYun Wu
Saint-Denis in France
4
Studio B
10
Studio C
22
Conclusion
50
A post-industrial factory site was converted into a community with residential, educational, and pubic green areas.
Community Center Renovation
Introduction Saint-Denis
The site
Saint-Denis is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France, which is located 9.4km from the centre of Paris. And it is a medieval city, and industrial place with great working-class has deeply evolved and adapted to the needs of its time. Rich in history, during the last 30 years, has undergone an unprecedented change. The zone of the postindustrial site of Cognet Enterprise in Saint-Denis is required to convert into green living, learning and recreation area. At the same time, the remaining buildings were renovated and revived.
4
Saint-Denis in Frence
Historical Traces 1800s
1945-1970
After 1990
Present
With the significant development of industrialization, a large number of workers lived in cities, and the population expanded rapidly.
The war was devastating and many houses were destroyed; A large number of rural population into the city, urban housing demand rose sharply. Thus, a lot of social housing was built.
The satisfaction of living space does not mean that the needs of living environment are satisfied.
The satisfaction of living space does not mean that the needs of living environment are satisfied.
From 'Worker's Houses' to 'Affordable Houses'.
Housing crisis after World War IIďź› A period of rapid urbanization.
Social Issues
Social Issues
Saint-Denis
1800s
1900
1910
1920
1930
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
The Site
1851
François Coignet began experimenting with reinforced concrete with flower pots. He moved to Saint-Denis in 1851 and opened a cement factory.
1853
1863
This four-story house built in 1853 was the first iron reinforced concrete structure anywhere, which played a major role in the development of his factory.
1940 Following the success of his first concrete house, Coignet took out a British patent and became a renowned building contractor.
2020
Today almost all of the factory buildings have been demolished, leaving a warehouse and the historic concrete house.
5
The issues
A rapidly growing population of Saint-Denis
With a representative demographic growth, nowadays, Saint-Denis has more than 109,000 habitants. At the same time, immigrants also account for a considerable proportion of the population.
The crime rate of Saint-Denis
Source from CITY POPULATION.
6
Saint-Denis has a higher crime rate than that in Paris, including robbery, drugs offences and murder. In 2005 it had 150.71 criminal incidents per 1000 inhabitants, far higher than the national average (83 per 1000) and higher than its department of Seine-Saint-Denis (95.67 per 1000). Police efficiency has been reported as very low, with only 19.82% of crimes solved by the police.
Source from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34855612.
Poverty rates and the concentration of low-skilled people Unemployment rate in the Paris agglomeration
Public housing in the Paris agglomeration
The Insufficient Educational Resources
Saint-Denis in Frence According to the research from FlorentďźŒ et al. (2009), the question of whether unemployment in French cities is disconnected from where people live is explained that living within the most deprived neighbourhoods, in terms of local composition, decreases employment probability. This paper aims to examine how the location may influence employment probability in a region defined as deprived or by poor jobs accessibility.
The emergence of social problems reduces the employability of job seekers and people living in poor communities face poverty due to the poor quality of social networks. Their results show that unemployment is exacerbated by residential segregation or neighbourhood effects.
Source from INSEE, Population Census, 1999.
The distribution of schools around the site
The number of schools:
29 public preschools/nursery schools; Source from French Ministry Education.
Site
30 public elementary schools;
Eight public junior high schools and six colleges;
One each, private elementary, middle, and high school.
Saint-Denis is now a city of nearly 100,000 people, with immigrants accounting for about 35.5%. Located in the northern suburbs of Paris, SaintDenis has higher rates of poverty, unemployment and crime than the French average. The lack of education of young people is one of the reasons for the higher unemployment rate and poverty rate.
Source from Fabien Truong, "Jeunesses francaises", 2015.
7
Research Questions The city structure effects on urban unemployment could be explained that the impact of housing isolation on the social environment. When different categories of people do not live together, the community is segregated. Low-skilled workers, who are focused on clusters, they could be considered as "poor". The emergence of social problems reduces the employability of job seekers and people living in poor communities face poverty due to the poor quality of social networks. So the sustainability of the community, not only the environmental issues but also on the social level.
8
Therefore, combined with the background of St. Denis, the design of the project tries to solve the following two questions: 1. How to meet the residential demand under the condition of limited land resources, while giving residents a comfortable living environment and space based on local requirements in a sustainable way?
2. How to make full use of the industrial history of the area, create a public space in the area, attract residents and visitors to enjoy nature and relaxation, and bring the abandoned buildings back to an active life?
Saint-Denis in Frence
9
Studio B
A community with residential, educational, and pubic green areas.
10
Studio B ZAC Confluence Area 2013- 2020: Sud Confluence mixed devt zone.
700 dwellings Business activity Future college A new urban framework: rue Coignet.
Seine River
The Site
250-300 dwellings kindergarten & Primary School Green Park.
Railway Station
The site located in SaintDenis (northern suburbs of Paris). There is a ZAC Confluence area in the north of the site. Seine River is flowing in the west, and the railway is crossing in the east. Moreover, it is close to the Saint-Denis train station. Besides, the site is approximately 55,300 square metres and includes a legacy of fourstorey concrete Mansion buildings and a warehouse.
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Site Analyse
The obstruct
The warehouse
The obstruct
The site lacked a connection to the street and needed to deal with the noise caused by the railway; The surrounding factories are too many, lack of public facilities because the site is a former cement industry site, the surrounding open green space is less.
Main Flow Flow Point Blocked
12
Railway Line
The concrete house
Land Use around the site
Sunlight Analysis
Land Use Land Use
15%
12% 12% 15%2% 2% 9% 9% 7%
55%
Water Water School School Path Path Business Business Residential Area Residential Area Green Green
7%
55%
Summer
Transportation
Studio B
Winter South
North
The function distribution
The Site
Site
Road
Residential Areas
Railway
Green
Commercial Buildings
In Saint-Denis, the summers are short, comfortable, and partly cloudy and the winters are very cold, windy, and mostly cloudy. For the site, the side facing the Seine River had more daylight hours, so the residential area was designed to meet this direction as much as possible, with a better view of the landscape. River
Factories
13
The Design Process
0m
19
232m
12 0m m
62
2m
36
78 m
1. The original post-industrial site;
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2. To extend and open the blocked raod;
3. Give the distance between the building and the railway; make road connections with the pocket park;
4. The building density required by the government shall be no more than 80%, 60% and 20% from dark to light;
5. Determine the locations of every part, including the residential areas, the kindergarten and the green space;
6. Make changes to the form, using as much light as possible and a good view.
The community center
The residential area
The warehouse
The kindergarten
Visitor reception centre The historical concrete mansion
The community park
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Masterplan
1 The Kindergarten
2 The Residential Areas
3 The Community Centre
Seine River
The warehouse
4 The Community Park 5 Green Belts
6 Visitor Reception Center The historical concrete mansion
1 2
3
Railway 6
4
5
0m
16
10m
50m
Present
Future
The Environment of Community
In Saint-Denis, an industrial city in transition, despite the high demand for housing, everyone needs a place to rest, enjoy the beautiful and fresh nature, and have an opportunity to remind history. Besides, there are the outdoor green spaces, the renovation of the industrial remains, and the connection to the riverbank, and they offer several possibilities for diverse social areas for residents. The following is a brief explanation of the concept of the designed buildings in the area.
The Residential Area The house type of different populations is set, and the mixed residence of multi-structure identity is achieved. Seven residential units have evolved into N types of building module units, corresponding to different living spaces. Based on the module could be horizontally and vertically stacked together, so at the building, level provides the possibility for each family (multiple
choice), it also ensures that each region of the freedom and flexibility, combined into 1-4 layer height independent houses or apartments, through different types of space form the changeable and exciting, in the form of space.
Different family types match the corresponding units with different surface
Besides, the spatial aggregation of a single structure brings about social isolation and always creates social conflicts. Insert a certain percentage of different units to avoid the potential for gentrification or partial segregation. There is also diversity in form. The multiple platforms are designed to take advantage of excellent views and sunlight.
Type
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
Surfa ce/㎥
30
60
90
120
150
180
Eliminate identity segregation and encourage social mixing
Avoid a single structured space
United
Diversity
Interactions
The Kindergarten and Concrete House Renovation The 18-class kindergarten is divided into nine units, with indoor and outdoor activity space and the highest two floors for children's safety. Also, the form is similar to the whole community.
Original historical building
New Construction
ine
Se er Riv
The original historic building has kept its appearance as much as possible, and the new building surrounds it. It is connected to an 8-meter staircase that runs along the riverbank, allowing visitors to be guided through it and enter the park.
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Studio C
Community Center Renovation
The past's production space is transformed into the living space of today, retaining the spirit of memory and site, connecting the dialogue of time; At dusk, man and place gain dignity, space and time meet, and architecture releases its power.
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The origin of the community centre generation logic——
Studio C
the multifunctional composition of the building The community centre's origin as a formal concept corresponds to the space of a "functional complex" that combines the life of the residential community. Ancient Greek markets and Roman baths are two examples.
In ancient Greece, the market was used as a place for the exchange of goods and as a public square for holding civic activities, such as watching parades, celebrations, and listening to speeches, which were spontaneously generated by citizens' social events. In addition to providing showers and leisure, the ancient Roman baths represented by the Carrico Baths also integrated the functions of shopping malls, libraries, sports fields, and lecture halls, making them the best choice for people to have community life at that time.
The features of modern community centre
Aim: Encourage participation and a sense of belonging in the community. 1. Publicity: to ensure equal access to public services, such as health care, environmental protection, culture, and sports facilities;
Ancient Greek market and civic speech
2. Public welfare: non-profit-making purposes, such as libraries and culture exhibition halls;
3. Regionalism: the community of residents' life and the service objects are mainly residents.
This is similar to a modern community centre's function, rather than providing a single service for residents. The Carikara Baths
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Interpretation of community planning in France 1. Historical process of Community Planning in France (before 1980) Community planning has a long history in France. Until the end of the 18th century, the neighborhood was the most basic administrative unit in French cities, and systematic community planning did not appear until the middle and late 19th century. French community planning before the 1980s can be roughly divided into four periods: beginning (1840 ~ 1918), initial development (1919 ~ 1945), comprehensive development (1946 ~ 1967), and criticism and rethinking (1968 ~ 1979).
Stage
Beginning
(1840 ~ 1918) Initial development (1919 ~ 1945)
Background Industrialization
City beautiful movement
Two world wars
The establishment of modern urban planning disciplines
Integrated development
Economic recovery
Criticism and rethinking
Social movement
(1946 ~ 1967)
(1968 ~ 1979)
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Post-war reconstruction
Public participation
Practice Ottoman
transformation Functional zoning
Neighborhood unit
The neighborhood of the social houses was indifferent
2. New features of Community planning in France (after 1980s) Since the 1980s, community planning in France has faced economic, social, and environmental challenges. First, the financial crisis of the late 1970s led France into a period of fiscal austerity, with fewer large-scale new and renovation projects. Second, the economic crisis has led to massive layoffs in suburban factories, the impact of poverty on workers in congregated communities, and the influx of immigrants, which have created problems in employment, education, housing, and security in suburban communities.
3. The policy on sensitive zones in the suburbs ďźˆIn the 1990s The emergence of "problem blocks" in the suburb makes the government strengthen its involvement in the community and establish the strategy of "regionalization." It refers to urban policy no longer for some particular social group, but for their settlement blocks to design targeted plan and financial support, such as living improve designated area (HVS, 1977), education priority development area (ZEP, 1981), reducing the crime area (ZUS, 1996) and economic Renaissance zone (PRV, 1996), etc. By the end of the 1980s, more than 500 sensitive districts had been designated in France. In 1998, the number increased to 750, with one in 12 French people living in vulnerable neighborhoods. On the one hand, the way to detach individual blocks brings an opportunity for economic recovery for weak blocks; on the other hand, the identification of "sensitive blocks" in the form of law magnifies the negative social awareness of these blocks and deepens the social isolation.
Studio C
Encourage residents to participate in community activities To strengthen the conversation between the government and the community residents, in 2002, the government tried a new system in the "sensitive zones" -- setting up a block council, which is a mixed organization led by the representatives from government, association and community residents (5 to 9 per community). The block Council's activities are partly funded by the district government (about 30%), and residents and associations raise the rest. By law, the Block Council is a place to "publish community planning information, listen to residents' opinions, and fully discuss."
The Content Summary of the District 14 Community Magazine 'Info MAG'(Feb - Mar 2011)
Six Themes
A. Annual budget
B. Community activities
The main job of associations——
Due to the limited power of individuals, the groups that are pontaneously organized by residents
Organize community activities: 1. Information disclosure and mutual assistance among residents, such as the Association of Homeless homes and Family nurseries; 2. Form common interest groups to enhance community cohesion, such as environmental protection association, fitness Association, second-hand book sharing association, etc.; 3. Gather residents and participate in community planning, such as Urban Rights Protection association, anti-High Rent Association, etc.
C. Planned projects
under construction
D. Entertainment
E. Personal interview
F. Advertisements and Notices
Contents
-The 2011 annual budget of the local government is 130 million euros, including the construction of new primary schools and kindergartens (6.9 million), the safety of municipal facilities and traffic (2.54 million), the beautification of public Spaces and the preservation of neighborhood heritage (1.03 million), and the establishment of low-cost rental offices (460 million).
-Traditional long-distance Race (expected 1347 participants) -Issue of "Walking Permits" to children (Publicity of walking Traffic Laws) -Contact godfather ceremony for 15 undocumented families -Local government evening School lectures, introduction to major public institutions -Population Census -The inauguration of the new library -The 10th Anniversary of The Block Community Centre (women's Day, Family Service Exchange and children's Reading activities are also held) -Community Life Safety Survey (Homeless, burglary and domestic violence) -Traffic Control Notice -Meet district Council members face to face -Street corner youth night noise problem discussion -International Symposium on Women's Rights -Application for Nursery Places for Children under 3 years of age (782 places) -Community Mutual Aid Nurseries (585 places) -Book delivery for the disabled -Contact the hospital for disease lecture -The International Red Cross talks and issues community first aid CARDS -Introduction to the use of self-help bicycles -Garbage classification and Collection mobilization Meeting -Job referral meeting -Japanese resident fellowship -Introduction to new small shops in the south of the community -The current situation of social housing construction in the community -Recycle of temporary shelters for the homeless -Introduction of the progress of 3 major municipal projects
-Arts and leisure activities -List of major community plays, exhibitions and concerts this month (24 in total) -District councillor, artist, community volunteer, etc
-New store opening, job introduction, newspaper announcement, wedding notice, etc
25
An example of a successful resident engaged in community activities—— "Home Garden Movement" "Group Garden" It began as a family activity in the French workers' community after World War I to plant flowers in front and back of the house. After the 1960s, to improve the neighborhood and increase neighborhood connection, some enthusiastic residents extended the activity to the entire community area, starting their garden association to grow vegetables, fruits, and flowers on unused regions of the community (including temporarily remaining warehouses and parking lots). The Garden Association designated a small garden for each participating family, conducted regular gardening evaluations, and organized an exchange of planting fruits during the harvest season. To solve the legal problem of land change, the Garden Association hired professional lawyers and planners to consult with the government and finally revised the land plan. It can be said that "the family garden movement" increased the green area of the community and created communication opportunities for residents, but also really participated in and influenced the community planning.
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"Home Garden"
The decision of the functional space of the building It can be seen from the above information, especially the contents of the community activity category mentioned in the magazine, that the enthusiasm of French residents for community participation has had an impact on community planning. According to the practice and experience of community participation in France, the community centre in this area is based on the interaction of public management, public service, community autonomy, and supervision. Combined with the features of modern communities, the following architectural, functional requirements are summarized:
Studio C
1. Basic functionsďźš a. The open space. It should be a space for posting the public and various notices of the community so that the residents can keep abreast of the community's activities and conditions on time. And it should be set at the location where the crowd is dense, and temporary stations can be set up, such as distributing epidemic prevention supplies or collecting donated goods of the residentsďź› b. Meeting space/Lecture space. It is to provide space for residents to participate in community meetings or for institutions to provide publicity, knowledge dissemination, etc.; c. A space for festivals and community activities (multi-functional space, temporary)ďź› d. Coffee and food. Serve drinks and snacks, and make preparations for the festivals; 2.Space for residents to help each other (optional) Aim: Increase the sense of belonging and cohesion of community residents. a.Skills exchange (including language learning) classroom b.Child-care
3. Public service spaces a. Reading room b. Studying room (There is no such facility as a public library nearby, which can provide a quiet place for them to study and work.)
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The number of beams on the roof can be seen in the actual photos； a. The number of beams on the roof can be seen in the actual photos； The position and form of the facade windows； b. The position and form of the facade windows；
The three columns on the side can be seen from Google Earth , and the measuring tools c. The three columns on the side measure roughly 1m can be seen from Google Earth, wide each; and the measuring tools measure roughly 1m wide each;
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FromEarth, Google on the earth, we d. From Google it can on the be observedcan on observe the rightthe as building a right as a reference. The red reference, and the red line is line above is about 9 meters about 9 meters the ground,above the ground, about about three stories above the three stories the ground. ground. Theabove maximum height The maximum height from from the ground to the roof of the the ground to the roof of the warehouse is 12m. warehouse is 12m.
±12.000
±9.000
±0.000
The warehouse data and measurements
Studio C
Due to the pandemic, It is a pity that there is no chance to go to Saint-Denis, France, to investigate the site. Therefore, the data obtained are basically from the Internet. The measurement data of sites and buildings are obtained by using measurement tools and comparing photos from Google and Google Earth. Although there may be some errors in the collected data, the structure of the warehouse is not complicated, except for the roof structure of the internal space without specific data, other data can be as accurate as possible. Besides, from the building's external photos, the structure, such as the outer wall, roof, windows, and columns should be well preserved. Still, there is a lack of pictures of the building's internal space, so in this case, the visible frame structure mentioned above shall prevail.
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The concept of community centre
30
Studio C Apartments
Kindergarten
Main Road
Store
Corridor Steps & Seats
Stairs
Home garden
Waiting area
Kitchen
Workshop area
Coffee
Steps & Seats
Multifunctional space
Play area
Stage
Eating area Toilet
Stairs
Ground floor
Functional arrangement
Corridor Stairs
Reading area
Meeting & Exchange Skill Class
Studying area Stairs
First floor
Functional arrangement
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Residents of all ages are encouraged to use the community centre Relax
6a.m
8a.m 10a.m 12a.m 2p.m 4p.m
6p.m
8p.m
10p.m 0a.m
Work exchange
companion
Activities
Entertainment
Game
companion Reading
Homework
Activities
Exercise Catering
Get up, Breakfast Adults
Dinner Work/Break
Exercise
Go for a walk
Go for a walk
Catering
Catering
Reading
Children's companions Personal time Activities workday/weekend
Get up, Breakfast Elders
Lunch
Exercise/Activities
Break/TV
Dinner
Outdoor Activities
Children's companions
Parent-Child Interaction
Work Exchange
Reading
Learning
Activities/Workshop
Activities workday/weekend Conversation/Relax
Get up, Breakfast
Lunch
Activities Children
Break/Play Outdoor Activities
Go to school
The daily pattern of Community members
32
Dinner
Play/Homework Activities workday/weekend
Encouraging social mixing is a topic in Saint-Denis. The emergence of a new community centre will have a positive impact on enhancing the sense of community identity, community security, and neighborhood relations. Residents of all ages in the community are encouraged to adapt to the community centre's required functions.
Studio C
33
Road
Plans
Main
2
5 7
Up
8
11 4
8 Workshop
3 Store
10 Public area
2 Coffee
3
1
1 Waiting area
6
9
Up
10
Public lecture, notice, etc.
4 Play area
11 Home garden
5 Kitchen
6 Catering area 7 Exhibition
Multifunction space
Ground floor 34
9 Toilet
0m
2.5m
10m
Studio C
12'
12' Meeting area
Flexible arrangement of furniture
The roof plan 12 Skill exchange
12
Down
13 Studying area 14 Reading area
14
7'
13
7' Catering area
for festivals or activities
Down
First floor
0m
2.5m
10m
35
The Public Area, in this position, where residents would frequently pass by, platforms and seats are designed, open-air lectures are provided, and community notices and recent activities are posted, so that residents could keep abreast of community information.
The Workshop
The Multifunctional Space (Exhibition Room)，as an exhibition space, the residents are
provided with some handicrafts and exhibits about the history of the former industrial site. In addition, some community planning models are put up to let residents know the process of community planning and encourage them to participate actively.
Catering Area，it is connected with Coffee, which only provides a small part of food and drink in daily life. When the community holds festivals or activities, the multifunction space can be used to provide more services.
The Coffee and Children's Play Area
Ground floor
Skills exchange classroom，in the context of multiculturalism, providing opportunities for
residents to exchange skills, such as language learning, is non-profitable and facilitates the interaction of community residents.
Studying Room，the position of the space is relatively quiet and closed, and it can make use of an excellent view to provide a pleasant learning environment for the community residents.
Reading Room, as much as possible, using the front of the community green space to provide broad views and a comfortable environment.
Keep the original windows.
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First floor
Studio C
Rotatable Windows, when closed, provide a private environment for the space to be used for meetings.
Ground floor
First floor Meeting Room
The Multifunctional Space (Open for the festivals)
The Skylights, add natural light from the roof and sense of atmosphere to the interior.
Keep the original structure.
Axis view
37
Flow
Elevations
North elevation
Energetic
38
Quiet
South elevation
0m
2.5m
10m
Studio C +12.000
+9.000
Âą4.000
Âą0.000
Windows on the facades of the original building were retained. The newly built Windows on the facade are designed as concise and clean as possible. As a warehouse converted into a community centre, the exterior can be made lively and energetic, and attractive, and become a highlight of the residents' life.
West elevation
East elevation
39
Community Centr Seine River
The section 40
This unused warehouse space is transformed into a community centre, serving as a community centre as well as a place where stories are happening between people, people and buildings. Reinforced concrete itself contains a cold force, which contains the memory of history and times. I hope this space can be revitalized and endowed with new life through transformation.
Residential Area
Railway
re
The Coffee
Home Garden
The Children's Play Area
The Studying Area
The Reading Area
The Multifunctional Space
The Multifunctional Space
Toilet
The Workshop
The Public Area
Outdoor scene overview of the community centre 2
1
4
3
5
1 3
2
4
5
1 The street view between community centre and kindergarten 2 A view of the main street
3 Cross path node perspective
4 The multifunctional space is used for exhibitions and residents participate in the discussion of the community planning scene.
5 A scene of festival uses when the multifunctional space is open.
42
43
"Home Garden"
Public Area
The idea of a home garden was put forward to create an outdoor community cultural centre that would be associated with the renovated community centre building. Residents can bring their children together to develop and maintain an inspiring outdoor space. The original idea consisted of a small orchard, a playground, a vegetable-growing area. Besides, the concrete products generated from the workshop could also be used for the garden decoration, statues, flowerpots and so on. Because this is a collaborative community project, its future will depend on the ideas of every resident.
It serves as an outdoor open space for the community centre, located in a densely populated area, which means that residents have a high probability of passing through this location whether they are going home, going to the community park or entering the community centre. Platforms and steps are set up here, and posters of community activities, community suggestion boards and various kinds of notices are posted on the walls. Besides, there is a screen, usually can play some community activities, signs (for example, the notice about the pandemic, wearing masks, keep social distance, etc.), can also use this platform to hold an open lecture, when people pass through here, will attract they stop to watch, more attractive than serious indoor lectures, and make residents more close.
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The isolation
The playground
The orchard
Main
Road
The vegetable-growing area
Community Park
Kindergarten The public area
The entrance waiting space /Coffee /Children's play area It is an open area and a temporary waiting area for parents to pick up their children. The use of simple materials such as wood, a small amount of brick and the original concrete material contrast, more highlight the texture of the original material and structure. Also, from the entrance, one can feel the interior space of the whole building.
46
Besides, as space for children to play, it provides an indoor space for children in the community to play. The young and fresh vitality of the children and the old industrial building is connected, which also gives this 200year old building new life and vitality.
Studio C
47
The reading area and the workshop The reading area as the central space of the first floor, it is a quiet reading space compared with the ground floor. It is more like a small library, providing a comfortable environment for people to enjoy reading and feel the building.
48
As a former cement factory building, a new workshop here could reflect the historical memory. It provides a place for people with common interests in the community to learn handcraft, such as making cement or concrete handicraft products, appearing in lamps in the public area, flower pots in the home garden, decorations in the room, sculptures, exhibits and so on.
Studio C
49
Conclusion In saint-Denis, an industrial city in transition, everyone needs a harmonious community, as comfortable as possible, not only in the physical environment but also in the social environment, despite some problems such as housing needs and difficulties in multicultural integration. Besides, the transformation of indoor and outdoor provides a variety of social spaces for residents, increasing the possibility of residents' interaction. As the core of such a community, the community centre, in addition to assuming its necessary functions and roles, is more about how to promote the community residents, guide them to get along with each other and provide them with
a medium for communication and interaction, to provide them with such a platform through the design of the building. Residents are encouraged to actively participate in community planning, community activities, and keep abreast of news and developments about the community. From the abandoned warehouse that will be demolished in the industrial area, as opposed to the cold concrete appearance, the starting point is how the original elements and historical information are kept alive throughout the design process and transformed into an integrated community resident and attractive community centre.
References Tissot, S. (2008) French suburbs": A New Problem or a New Approach to Social Exclusion? Marc Bloch University. Tubbs, S. (2012) Designing A Complete Community Center: Responsive Design in a Rural Setting." SIT Digital Collections, 2534. Yang, C. (2013) "Community Planning And Its Diachronic Analysis: National Power And Local Democracy Viewpoint." Planner Forum, 29(5), pp. 26-30.
Thanks for reading.