PORTFOLIO YAO XU MS.AAD 2014 GSAPP COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY aaaxuyao@gmail.com
Contents Advanced Studio Fill the Urban Gap
001
Innovation Island
033
Urban Pacemaker
059
Tech. Elective Materials & Methods in Architecture
083
Visual Study Approaching Convergence
091
Re-thinking BIM
097
Integrated Parametric Delivery
101
Encoded Matter
105
Professional Work Energy Tower
111
FILL THE URBAN GAP 2014 Spring Advanced Studio GSAPP Professor: Galia Solomonoff TA: Amy L. Maresko Team Work: Yao & Can 001
002
New Urban Connection and Flow When we talk about Rio, we always come up with the images of the beach, carnival and the statue of Jesus. However, the favela areas are also an inseparable part of the city. After the research, we found that the urban gap is a serious issue of Rio. We define the urban gap as unbalanced economy and unequal access to urban resources. Right now, the favela is the forgotten area in the city that they have clear boundary. So in the future, we are thinking to reclaim their right in the city. We connected the train station, favela area and port by introducing the new industrial system. In that way we can provide more jobs to the local people so that to reduce the unbalanced economy gap. And the base on the industrial platform, we can build up other related programs to give more accesses to the urban resources and the same time increase the value of the system.
FAVELA
flow of tourist flow of favela residence flow of industrial products flow of local people 003
PORT
N
TRAIN STATION
004
URBAN SECTION A-A
A
Cliff
Potential Space
A
A
Potential Space
A
URBAN SECTION B-B
D
Building Roof
Potential Space
D
D
Potential Space
D
B
B
URBAN SECTION C-C
Hillside
B
B
Potential Space
C
Potential Space
C
URBAN SECTION D-D
Abandoned Space
Potential Space
C
C
E
E
Potential Space
URBAN SECTION E-E
005
Moinho Fluminense
Existing Urban Condition
006
Spatial Strategies
2. Bridge Library
1. Factory Market
1
PORT
MOIHNO
URBAN A
4. Cliff Tower
3. Hillside Park
5. Roof Workshop
4
3 2
AREA
5
FAVELA
TRAIN STATION
Connection Typology
INDUSTRY + BUS STOP
INDUSTRY + SKATEBORAD YARD
INDUSTRY + POOL
INDUSTRY + PARK
009
INDUSTRY + PARKING
INDUSTRY + CABLE CAR STOP
INDUSTRY + FOOTBALL
INDUSTRY + OPEN-AIR THEATER
010
011
CLIFF TOWER
012
Cliff Tower Section 013
014
Cliff Tower Section 015
016
Public Industry Waste Water
017
Factory + Parking
018
Public Industry Waste Water
019
Auditorium + Swimming Pool
020
Public Industry Waste Water
021
Vertical Garden + Viewing Deck
022
023
MOIHNO FLUMINENSE
024
15
025
CIRCULAR
Moihno Fluminense Section
026
Industry Line + Theater
Public Industry
027
Industry Line + Office
Public Industry
028
Industry Line + Library
Public Industry
029
Industry Line + Market
Public Industry
030
Industry Line + Urban Farm
Public Industry
031
032
INNOVATION ISLAND 2013 Fall Advanced Studio GSAPP Professor: Markus Dochantschi TA: Carolina Ihle Team Work: Yao & Wendy 033
034
Exports
Imports Russia 14.3% Germany 5.6%
UK 7.1%
France 7.7%
India 6.7%
Germany 7.2%
Italy 25.9%
Ukraine 5% US 5.1%
Isreal 5.1%
China 7.8% Turkey 18.6%
Indonesia 6.6%
Export VS Import
Exports commodities:
Imports commodities:
Export VS Import Export
Import
VS.
34.8%
92.8%
Machinary, electrical technological equipment
oil products
Pollution Situation
结论: 过度依赖自然资源,缺乏核心技术,不是sustainable的发展模式
0
NYC Baku
Air Pollution Drinking Water Pollution and Inaccessibility Dissatisfaction with Garbage Disposal Dirty and Untidy Water Pollution Dissatisfaction to Spend Time in the City 15
100
54
43.1
5
.5
.33
0
.5
87
83
8
54
.17
34.09
2 31.8
Dissatisfaction with Green and Parks in the City
.09
.3
83
3
70.83
.3
50
3
66.67
035
50
59
83
12.8% Vehicles, ships and air-transport facilities
Low Ranking in Education
Education Level of Employee Low enrollment rate in higher education
Low ranking in education
Tertiary Enrollment Rate
2012 LEGATUM Prosperity Index_Education
Rank:
92
Azerbaijan
of the world
High Ranking Countries Upper Middle Ranking Countries Lower Middles Ranking Countries Low Ranking Countries
High Ranking Countries Upper Middle Ranking Countries Lower Middles Ranking Countries Low Ranking Countries Data not accessable
Pollution Condition National Expenditure on Education
15%
Equipment and Technology purchases
Azerbaijan GDP
60%
3%
Basic and secondary Education
85% Wages
Education
97%
Other Investment
Public Expenditures on Education in Transition Countries
Azerbaijan GDP 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
High Income Countries
7
% of GDP
6 5 4 3 2 1
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
0
The state budget expenditures on education as per cent of GDP in Azerbaijan are lower than the world average (about 5 per cent) and the average for the Lower Middle Income Countries (over 4 percent) – an income group of countries to which Azerbaijan belongs. Despite the considerable increase in the publicspending on education, state budget expenditures on education grow at a rate which is much lower than the growth rate of total state budget expe nditures and than the real GDP growth rate. As a result, both the share of state budget expenditures on education in the total state budget and the education expenditures/GDP ratio has declined significantly since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Such slump placed Azerbaijan in the lower ranks among former socialist countries in terms of this indicator.
In this project, we designed an artificial island for the City of Baku, Azerbaijan. By introducing a new urban system of loop city, we transfer the existing oil-based economy into a sustainable innovation-based economy. Three innovation-related programmatic anchors: education, commercial, infrastructure form the majority of the new island.The loops are the glue of the city. Whereas the layers provide difference and diversity, the loops provide cohesion and unity. They consolidate infrastructure, transportation and circulation. They also intercept and redirect major expressways to maintain the contiguousness of the Baku City and our new island. In this way, every programmatic typology finds its most appropriate location and retains an efficient coherence within the whole. And innovation will be generated in the overlapping points of different programs in the loop system. 036
Comcept
Use the Island to Supply Use the island to supply inexhaustible energy
Inexhaustible Energy
Strategy Strategy Strategy Research Institutions
dge now in k ga
Pub Gym Retaurant
students
University
ga in
kn o
w dge
Market
Cafe
Ideas
Laboratory (test and refine) high-calibre workers
products
037
Exhibition
Corporation
Library
Museum
Major Projects in Baku
Heydar Aliyev Centre
House of Government
White City Project
Fountain Square
Baku Flame Towers
Baku Old City
Shahidlar Khlyabani
Galaxy stadium
Zira Island
038
Loop Variation
039
Island Prototype
040
041
Formation of the New Island
042
Master Plan
043
044
Loop Language
Architecture Prototype
Architecture Prototype
Loop
Station
Program
Connection
Block
Territory
Residential
Office Building
Architecture prototype
Loop
Station
Mix-use
Residential
Office
Public Facility
Territory
Architecture prototype
045
Loop
Station
Public Facility
Residential
Connection
Territory
Residential
Education
Program Proportion
Commercial
Residential
9.88%
Mixed Residential& Commercial
6.65%
Industrial
8.4% 0%
Transportation/ Utility
1.63%
Public Facilities& Institution
3.48%
Open Space
8.89%
Vacant Land Others
0.78% 0.57%
SOHO
Residential
4.94%
Mixed Residential& Commercial
2.66%
Industrial
3.67% 2%
Transportation/ Utility
2.92%
Public Facilities& Institution
0.72%
Open Space
7.62%
Vacant Land Others
1.04% 0.76%
Residential
9.88%
Mixed Residential& Commercial
3.99%
Industrial
1.57% 0%
Transportation/ Utility
1.95%
Public Facilities& Institution
5.80%
Open Space
8.89%
Vacant Land Others
0.78% 0.57%
Theatre and other public facility
046
Corporation+Infrastructure
Corporation +Infrastructure
Corporation+ Infrastructure
BANK
HOTEL
PEOPLE MOVER RESTAURANT
SHOPPING CENTER
Corporation+Education
Corporation +Education
Education+ Corporation
SOHO
PARK MARKET
MEDIA LAB SWIMMING POOL
047
Infrastructure+Education
Education +Infrastructure
Education+ Infrastructure
SPORTS CENTER DORM
CAFE HOSPITAL
LIBRARY
Corporation+Infrastructure+Education
Corporation +Infrastructure + Education
Education+ Corporation+ Infrastructure
DATA CENTER
MEETING POINT TRANSFER CENTER
THEATER INNOVATION
MUSEUM
048
049
Intersecting Point Spatial Section
050
Senario 1
051
Spatial Chunk
052
Senario 2
053
Spatial Chunk
054
Senario 3
055
Spatial Chunk
056
Senario 4
057
Spatial Chunk
058
URBAN PACEMAKER : STARTING FROM A BRIDGE 2013 Summer Advanced Studio GSAPP Professor: Keith Kaseman TA: Diana Crist贸bal Individual Work 059
060
061
Model Vision
062
PHILADELP Q IN
UIRER BUILD IN
DE
HIA LP CITY
HALL
N INDEPE DENC E V NATIONA LC I O N
A
G
HI
PH IL A
S
UT TIT
R TO SI
CENTER ION
TER CEN
Site Opportunities Philadelphia is facing an issue of economy recession. Lots of urban spaces become abandoned. The city becomes uneven in terms of the urban activities. The project constructs a new bridge connecting the central area to the abandoned industry site over the city express way which blocks the passage between those two areas. The bridge acts like a conduit leading the positive urban pressure to the negative district. Multifunction along with the programrelated diverse spaces are attractors towards citizens. Finally, this bridge will become a pacemaker to activate this area.
063
064
PHILADELPHIA RECORDS DEPT.
PENNSYLVANIA CONVENTION CENTER
SITE ANALYSIS
065
NORTHERN LIBERTIES
1-676 VINE ST.EXPY
PHILLY CHINATOWN
066
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
+
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
A: Compress
D: Extrude
-
-
+ +
067
-
-
-
-
-
-
Urban Pressure City is like human body. There are lots of pressures within the urban structure. We define the hot and booming zone area as positive urban pressure meanwhile the recession part is the negative urban pressure. If relatively a certain urban area is in a dynamic equilibrium, we can use dynamic deformation to represent the urban flows of pressure.
-
-
-
-
B: Pull
C: Stretch
E: Rotate
F: Cut 068
069
Structure Notation
070
Section 1
Section 3 071
Section 2
Section 4 072
Programs Open Theather Cafe Flea Market Sports Facilities Library Park Pedestrian Passway Bike Passway
073
074
075
Perspectives
3D CHUNK 2
076
077
Spacial Chunk 1
3D CHUNK 078
079
Spacial Chunk 2
3D CHUNK 080
081
Supplemental Works
082
Materials & Methods in Architecture
2014 Spring Tech. Elective GSAPP Instructor: Keith Kaseman Team Work In Collaboration with Wei Shi
084
Typology Variation
085
Model Simulation
086
1. 1/4” Nut bolt 2. 3/4” Thick Wood Piece 3. 16”*16” Wood Plate 4. 18”*17” Corrugated Cardboard 5. Aluminium Net 6. Iron Wire 7. Canvas 8. Finished Concrete (1 part portland, 1 part water, 2 parts sand)
6
087
5
4
8
3 2 1 7
088
089
090
Approaching Convergence
2014 Spring Visual Study GSAPP Instructor: Biayna Bogosian, Maider Ainara Llaguno Team Work In Collaboration with Zhao Gao, Li-Ling Lin and Lu Tietong
092
Sound Transformation
Timetable
Sound
Form Generation
Sound
Matrix of Possibilities
093
Form
Variable Bench
094
095
Main Section
096
Re-thinking BIM
2013 Fall Visual Study GSAPP Instructor: John J Lee and Brian Lee Indivisual Work
098
Adaptive Component 1
Adaptive Component 2
099
2-2 Section
North Elevation
100
Integrated Parametric Delivery
2013 Fall Visual Study GSAPP Instructor: John J Lee and Brian Lee Team Work In Collaboration with Wei Ruoyu and Wu Wen
102
Sunlight Analysis by Diva
Adaptive Component 1
midpoint a3
A2 a1
midpoint
A1 A3 a2 midpoint
Percentage = a1/AI = a2/A2 = a3/A3 = (1.01-Irridiation)/3 Irridiation=0~1(from DIVA)
103
Form Generation
Section and Elevation
104
Encoded Matter
2013 Fall Visual Study GSAPP Instructor: Ezio Blasetti Team Work In Collaboration with Joann Feng and Li-Ling Lin
106
Description: 3D Game of Life addresses interests in.implementing Conway’s Game of Life algorithm into 3D. GOL is a cellular automaton simulating the formation of life form based on their relationship with the neighbors.From a randomized point cloud, GOL is then applied,determining the state for each cell either live or dead. The project went through several experimentswith the interest in finding the most interesting formal behavior of the algorithm. At thedescription: further stage of the explooration,point cloud was painted with color as indicator for the lifespan of each cell. The more generations of GOL, the more depth of shades and the more dynamic 3D Game of Life addresses interests in.implementing Conway’s Game of Life algorithm into the populated formation is present. 3D. GOL is a cellular automaton simulating the formation of life form based on their relation-
encoded matter encoded matter
ship with the neighbors.From a randomized point cloud, GOL is then applied,determining the
A
state for each cell either live or dead. The project went through several experimentswith the description:
interest in finding the most interesting formal behavior of the algorithm. At the further stage of
the cloud was painted with color for into the lifespan 3D Game of explooration,point Life addresses interests in.implementing Conway’s Gameas of indicator Life algorithm 3D. GOL of each cell. Theautomaton more generations the more depth of shades and the more the populatis a cellular simulating of theGOL, formation of life form based on their relationship withdynamic the neighbors.From a randomized point cloud, GOL is then applied,determining the state for each cell ed formation is present. either live or dead. The project went through several experimentswith the interest in finding the most interesting formal behavior of the algorithm. At the further stage of the explooration,point cloud was painted with color as indicator for the lifespan of each cell. The more generations of GOL, the more depth of shades and the more dynamic the populated formation is present.
A
3d game of life 3d game of life
number of neighbors >18 number of neighbors >18
remains dead if ... remains dead if ...
number of neighbors <6 number of neighbors <6
dead cell dead cell
resurrects if...
resurrects if...
grid 3d3dgrid
randomize points randomize points
else
else
becomesbecomes dead if ... dead if ...
GOL pointpoint cloudcloud GOL
else
live cell
live cell
else
remains alive if...
remains alive if...
number od neighbors=13
number od neighbors=13
107
RULE SET 1 dead-->dead, if number of neibors <3 or >20 dead-->live, if else live--live, if number of neighbors=13 live-->dead, if else
#.1
#.2
#.3
#.4
#.1
#.2
#.3
#.4
#.1
#.2
#.3
#.4
RULE SET 2 dead-->dead, if number of neibors <6 or >18 dead-->live, if else live--live, if number of neighbors=13 live-->dead, if else
RULE SET 3 dead-->dead, if number of neibors <7 or >17 dead-->live, if else live--live, if number of neighbors=13 live-->dead, if else
GOL MeshBox Iterations
108
RULE SET 1 randomize>0.97 dead-->dead, if else dead-->live, if number of neighbors=3<x<15 live-->live, if number of neighbors<7 or >14 live-->dead, if else
#.1
#.2
#.3
#.4
#.1
#.2
#.3
#.4
#.1
#.2
#.3
#.4
#.1
#.2
#.3
#.4
RULE SET 2 dead-->dead, if else dead-->live, if number of neighbors=5<x<23 live-->live, if else live-->dead, if number of neighbors<3 or >20
RULE SET 3 dead-->dead, if number of neibors <7 or >17 dead-->live, if else live--live, if number of neighbors=13 live-->dead, if else
RULE SET 4 dead-->dead, if number of neibors <4 or >25 dead-->live, if else live--live, if number of neighbors=13 live-->dead, if else
GOL Colored Point Cloud Iterations
109
110
Energy Tower
2013 Spring Professional Work Jaeger and Partner Architects Instructor: Johannes Jaeger Team Work In Collaboration with Ivo A. Semerdzhiev, Tarak Mehta, Huang Meiying, Wang Lingjiang 112
Master Plan
首层平面图
Ground Floor Plan
Ground Floor Plan
113
Main Section
114
Technical Equipment 技术设备 Technical Equipment
Self Shading South Facade
大厦物业
地热能 Geothermal power
大厦电子
地球中心每天产生的辐射衰退能可以超过人类能源损耗的2.5倍，这使得地热能变得几乎是 免费且无限的能源资源。地热装置利用通过井管到达地球表层把热量传输到地面，使之转 移成电能和/或直接当做热能使用。
中心监控系统 能适应各种条
Radioactive decay processes in the center of our planet daily generate an amount of energy that exceeds mankind’s consumption by 2.5 times, making geothermal power an almost unlimited and free source of power. Geothermal plants make use of the excess heat reaching the outer layers of earth through wells transporting it to the ground. The extracted heat is converted to electrical energy and / or used directly for heating purposes.
储冰设备 Ice storage Self Shading South FacadeAverage Daily Sun Hours of Exposure
Roof Top Solar Cooling
East-West Optimum for Solar Panels发电厂的发电量是根据高峰时期的用电量来设计的。因此，多余的电是在用电需求更低（ Average Sun Hours of Exposure
即夜晚）时生产的。现提议的制冷设备可利用冰作为媒介来储存浪费的电能，并使之转化 成热能来在白天时间支持空调系统。
The capacities of power plants are designed to meet the energy demand during peak times. As a result, excess electricity is produced in times of lower demand i.e. during night. The proposed ice storage system uses ice as a medium to store the waste energy converting electric power to thermal energy supporting the conditioning system during daytime.
Double Skin Facade
Rain Water Harvesting Geothermal Power
冷热电三联系统 Trigeneration 在电器运行中，热能是副产品, 大厦可使用热电回收设备，收集多余的热能。冷热电三联 系统的概念就是额外使用所吸收的一部分热能来驱动吸收式制冷机，从而达到空调制冷。 利用电器本身散发的热能，且无需转换，将运输最小化，达到了系统高效
Solar Tracking Automated Blinds In the process of generating electric energy from fossil and regenerative fuels heat is emitted as a side
product. A cogeneration plant makes use of excess heat for heating purposes on-site. The concept of trigeneration additionally uses a part of the thermal energy to drive absorption chillers to cool air for the condition system. By using energy in its given state without transformation and by minimizing transport ways this system reaches high levels of efficiency.
太阳能制冷 Solar cooling
Sky Gardens & Sky Lobby
High Performance Glazing
太阳能制冷采用最新的吸收式制冷机的概念，以吸收太阳热量来制冷。在塔楼屋顶安装太 阳能管来收集热能，将冷却的空气送入VAV系统的冷却器供能。这个概念能再太阳能照射率 越高的时候越提高制冷效率。
Building Integraded Solar Panels
Solar cooling employs the new concept of absorption chillers to generate cold from solar heat. Solar tubes installed on the tower roof collect thermal energy to power the chillers which condition air to be fed into the VAV system. This concept offers increasing efficiency the higher the solar irradiation and thus heat load is.
热能回收 Heat recovery 办公室排出的废气，氧气含量虽然并不高，但温度还是要比夏天室外的空气低。在它最终 被排出大楼前，会通过几个复杂的热能回收处理。原理是将部分废气被导入了双层幕墙之 间的中空层，在该不断流动的空气形成了一个热缓冲带，然后将中空层里的空气吸入天花 的回风口，在回风口与剩余的废气重新结合在一起，然后通过一个热能转换器来预先冷却 被吸入的空气。
Evaporative Cooling
The exhaust air from the office, stale in terms of oxygen saturation but still significantly cooler than the outside air in summer time, passes several sophisticated heat recovering treatments before it ultimately exits the building. A percentage of the air is directed into the cavity between the two layers of the double skin façade where the constant flow of air creates a thermal buffer zone. Leaving the cavity through an exhaust in the suspended ceiling, it reunites with the rest of the exhaust air before traversing a heat exchanger to precondition the intake air.
电梯动能回收 Elevator recovery 这项技术可以使电梯箱在向下运行的时候储存动能，所收集的动能将用来支持接下来的向 上运行。 This technology allows for storing kinetic energy while the elevator car is moving downwards. The energy is then used to support the following upward movement.
目的地控制系统 Destination control system (DCS) 用电脑控制系统来组织乘客目的地，从而确保大厦电梯箱运行利用率的最大化。这个系统 可以通过提高电梯效率来减少电梯数量。 Computer controlled organization of passengers according to their destinations ensures maximum utilization of the elevator cars moving through the building. The system can increase elevator efficiency to an extend that allows for canceling elevator units.
Facade Detail
115
A centr processes allow processes can b
废物回收
设计提供专用 环境有着一定 标是在大楼施
Dedica should also be Responsible bu construction wa
交通 Tra
公共交通
由于最近的地 从整个城市的
With an accessible from
自行车设
大厦提供多个 更衣室以及带
The bu includes secure
合用汽车
通过鼓励私人 室提供这些性
In orde pools or shuttle
Facade Detail
116
ding
rm finding Surroundings
Skyline Views
详细
5. 城市 塔楼 汲取
边环境的详细
n of
rban location of
of di the t the lo
Main Axes
维度上（城市回 市回 距离和竖向周 向周 层建筑不同的 同的 动态手法（外 （外 筑内部（建筑 建筑 际线上的景观。 观。 ct distant and local dnality localof the buildenbuildup near-by and bybuilding and (architecessed chitec-in a dynamicMain ture manner unlike namic n.
Incremental Transformation
6. 在 从而 严， 中大
trans nuan neutr conti
Volume
Adapting to Wind Loads
unlike
7. 层能 气动 面最
轴线上的气场。 main volume of
气场。
e of
achi aero max
Reducing Footprint
Social Activities and Landscape
8. 观， 及景
入北部广场。 有意识的决定
o introduce plaza 场。 s consciously de决定
uring properties.
2.06 深圳天际线 Shenzhen skyline
plaza dees.
作为深圳经济特区的中国先锋城市，深圳拥有蓬勃的经济，国际化的文化和不断发展的城市天际线。许多主要服务业巨头，金融业和国 际企业都在深圳设立总部。连接四个经济区的深南大道沿线上的许多重要的、标志性的塔楼建筑主导了深圳的城市天际线。由于本场地 Being a pioneer city in China to be recognized as SEZ, Shenzhen has a vibrant economy, international culture and an ever-evolving skyline. Some of the major service industry giants, banks and global companies have their headquarters in the city. Shennan Boulevard road which connects all four SEZs of the city defines the skyline of Shenzhen with significant and iconic towers located along its length. China Energy Storage Tower site sits at the nexus of the upcoming high-speed development zones that will determine the future city-scape of Shenzhen. The tower has to engage harmoniously with the city skyline while gracefully affirming its landmark location.
Shenzhen skyline
Shennan road, Shenzhen
117
to r the com urba
118