clĂnica
[b] XY Improving an Island Through Design
A Graduate Thesis
Yabarillos Naihao Fan Nathan Geier Kelsie Kremer Ashley Simpson Danielle Smith Andrew Stith
clĂnica
[b] XY Improving an Island Through Design
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Contents
Preface Semester X background the situation initial concepts team design team tigrillo team yaba ding ding Semester Y return visit next steps final proposal [b]amboo preparation construction testing outcome Studio Conclusion Acknowledgements
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Preface
Team Yabarillo would first like to thank professors Dragoslav Simic and Jim Jones, the people of Roatรกn for input and hospitality, and all the medical professionals in both communities, Roatรกn and locally, for helping us push our project to its greatest potential. None of this would have been possible without your help. Studio 73, comprised of thirteen graduate-level students and thirteen third-year students, was a collaborative studio led under the guidance of Professors Jim Jones and Dragoslav Simic. An urgent design need was presented at the beginning of the Fall 2012 semester. Roatรกn, Honduras is severely lacking adequate medical facilities, and we were asked to design a medical clinic that is more centrally located and better serves the demand by providing proper medical attention on the island. The studio was divided into five design groups, each consisting of fifth-year and third-year students, to collaborate and rise to the challenge of meeting this request. This project, spanning an entire year, included two trips to the island, many design iterations, and a final group merge. This book will guide you through the year-long design process.
Pictured Coxen Hole street view
X Semester
How can we
inspire
positive habits through design?
semester x: background
Studio Vision Studio 73 was given the opportunity to design a much needed medical clinic for the island of Roatรกn. As a group, the studio established a design philosophy which sought to address the social, economical, and environmental challenges facing the island and people of Roatรกn. Through this philosophy, our designs would improve the lives of the locals. These ideas were implemented and elaborated in the design project. Tigrillos + Yaba Ding Dings. This is our story.
Above Nathan Geier marketing the work of Studio 73
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semester x: background 17
Pictured Local Honduran outside the existing Roatรกn Hospital
semester x: background
Location Located approximately thirty-five miles off the north coast of Honduras, Roatรกn stretches forty miles long and roughly five miles across at its widest point. The largest of the Bay Islands, Roatรกn is home to approximately 30,000 islanders. Boasting the second largest coral reef system in the world, the Mayan Barrier Reef, Roatรกn is a thriving Caribbean island accommodating thousands of tourists each year. The topography ranges from lush tropical hillsides to beach fronts and mangroves. With a mild climate, beautiful sea, and relaxed lifestyle, more and more people are making their way to the island each year. 18
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Left Roatán highlighted in orange
semester x: background
“You become an islander, not by blood or race. It gets into your blood. You smell it. You breathe -Governor Hyde it. It’s in you.”
semester x: background
A Little Piece of History Roatán has a long history of multiple groups claiming ownership of the island. The lucrative location and its riches make it clear why everyone wanted to get their hands on the island. In 1502, Christopher Columbus discovered the Bay Islands on his fourth voyage to the New World. He landed on the island of Guanaja on July 30th to find it inhabited by the Mayan Indians. Columbus named the island “Isla de Pinos.” While he did not land on Roatán, in his log he noted a larger island to the west of Guanaja.
Upon setting foot on what is now mainland Honduras, he claimed the land for Spain. From 1516 to 1536, Spaniards enslaved the Indian population of the Bay Islands, capturing most and shipping them to modern-day Jamaica and Cuba. British buccaneers took over the Bay Islands in 1564 and began using the islands as a base from which to plunder Spanish galleons. During the next century, Spain lost hundreds of galleons to the pirates and buccaneers. The first English attempt to permanently
settle in the Bay Islands was the Puritan Party in 1639. They renamed Roatán the “Rich Island” in honor of Lord Henry Rich. After four years, the Spaniards ousted the colonists. In 1742 under the command of Mayor Caufield, the English settled again on the island. However, in 1782, the Spaniards again regained control, and the English completely abandoned Roatán for fifteen years. In 1797, approximately 5,000 Africans, Caribbeans, and Arawak Indians, giving origin to what is now referred to as the Garifuna tribe,
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Right Ceramic Yaba Ding Ding artifact
Far Left Dance demonstration by Punta Gordians demonstrating Garfuna heritage at Paya Bay
staged an uprising against the British authorities on St. Vincent Island in the Eastern Caribbean. The British authorities forcibly removed the Caribs to Roatán and landed them at Port Royal. The Garifuna moved to the North shore and established the town of Punta Gorda. It is the oldest continuously inhabited community on Roatán. In 1834, slavery ended in the Cayman Islands, and in 1852, England decided to make the Bay Islands a British Crown Colony. English subjects from the Caymans began to migrate
to the Bay Island. It is estimated that over 600 people from the Caymans made the Bay Islands their new home during this twenty year period. The United States became aware of the English colonial move and saw it as an infringement of the “Monroe Doctrine.” Under pressure, they turned sovereignty of the Bay Island over to Honduras in 1859. During the 1860s-70s, exportation of bananas, plantains, and coconuts, mainly to the U.S., was booming. By 1875, trade between these
semester x: background
Left Traditional Mayan building ornament
two countries was so brisk that the U.S. opened an American Consul on the island. However, the prosperity ended abruptly when a major hurricane leveled most of the plantations in September 1877. In need of new business, the island turned towards the sea as a means to maintain their economy. The island now supports one of the finest shrimp and lobster fleets in the Caribbean.
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semester x: background
Life on the Water The beach is a vital part of the culture and daily life on the island. People live, come together, and grow up on the beach. The Honduran government has laws in place to protect wildlife and the reef in order to preserve Roatån’s ecological heritage. You can often find families gathered outside with each other or selling their hand-crafted goods to tourists on the island; family is a vital element in the life of locals. Fishing, diving, dancing, and craft-making are daily activities on the island. Although the island as a whole is a close community, differences can be seen from village to village. For example, in Oak Ridge where the English settled, homes were built right on the water (similar to Venice), while in Punta Gorda where the Garifuna tribes settled, the water front is preserved with homes and buildings pulled back from the beach. Some differences in the language can also be heard between the Garifuna people and the Spanish-speaking population. 22
semester x: background
Top Locals taking a canoe out on the water Bottom Left Honduran boy fishing for food to give to his family
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Bottom Right Piece of coral photographed while snorkeling along the reef.
semester x: background 24
Pictured Typical sunset viewed over the East end of Roatรกn
Climate semester x: background
The island has a tropical climate with an average temperature of 80 degrees Fahrenheit and humidity values ranging from 65-70%. Due to its geographical location, the region’s temperatures remain fairly constant throughout the entire year. The warm season lasts from July 21st to October 2nd, and the cold season from November 17th to February 16th with average temperatures ranging from 53 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit. The island sees an average annual rainfall of 120 inches. The rainy season lasts from July to January, with the heaviest accumulations seen from October to January. Strong winds can accompany the rain leaving the windward side to see more rain than the leeward side. The island is located outside of the hurricane belt, protected by the mainland of Honduras that juts out from Central America. Only seven hurricanes have passed by in the last 120 years. Of these, Hurricane Mitch, which hit in 1998, proved to be the most destructive to the island and its people. The studio had never worked in a location such as this. These climate issues had to be carefully studied throughout the design process to find the best methods of construction.
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semester x: background
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Far Left Cruise ship docked at the West End
semester x: background
Left Street vendors in Coxen Hole
Tourism The influx of expatriates has given a boost to the island economy. Nearly 100 hotels are in service, catering to every taste and need. The Honduran Government is in strong support of the tourism business and offers attractive tax-incentives to those who capitalize on tourist related businesses. Activities such as sport fishing, dolphin encounters, snorkeling, scuba diving, zip line canopy tours, and many others are offered to visitors. The island sees 11 cruise ships daily during peak tourist season. An exit tax has been imposed on all visitors of the island, which is intended for projects to build up the island and the tourist industry; however, a large percentage is sent back to mainland Honduras. The booming tourist industry has brought more than just smiling faces. Honduras has become the number one country in crime per
capita in the world. Seen as more of a problem on the mainland, increasing accounts of attacks have led to increased security measures on the island. Widespread poverty and unemployment, along with significant street gang and drug trafficking activity, contribute to the extremely high crime rates. In November 2012, the U.S. Department of State Bureau of Consular Affairs issued a travel warning for American citizens visiting to Honduras. The warning was issued for the country as a whole, and Roatรกn has taken several measures for increasing special tourist police forces to provide safety to those visiting the island. Coxen Hole is the largest town in Roatรกn, providing a home to government offices, the airport, and cruise ship docks. Its narrow streets are crowded with people and honking cars. Street
vendors offer everything from fruit to hammocks to local goods. The French Harbor is the second largest community of the island and is a thriving business center complete with shopping, restaurants, and banks. Punta Gorda, located on the East side of the island, has the largest settlement of Garifuna people. The Garifuna, with their colorful native costumes and drumming, entertain tourists visiting the island. Dance has become a way of actively preserving the heritage of their communities. The West End is the tourist hub of the island, catering to visitors with numerous restaurants, shops, beaches, and hotels.
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semester x: the situation
WHAT + WHY The charm of the island cannot amend the hardships faced by locals everyday. Honduras is the second poorest country in Central America. Most citizens live off approximately $1 per day and have limited access to education exceeding sixth grade. Even with the growing tourism industry, locals rarely see any of the profit generated. Most of the resorts and beaches are primarily run by non-locals; the gap between the rich and the poor continues to grow rapidly. The island remains largely underdeveloped despite the amount of tourism. Its location and distance from the mainland leave the islanders cut off from the basic needs and medical facilities. There is limited access to clean water, consistent electricity, and properly working septic systems. Due to the influx of cheap processed goods, 50% of the population suffers from diabetes; this disease often remains untreated or undiagnosed as a result of low or non-existent income. Also, with a rate of 220 times that of the U.S., the number of cases of HIV/AIDS is the highest in all of Central America.
Professor Jim Jones owns a home a short boat ride away from Roatรกn on the island of Helene. While living there, he has established connections with many locals on the island. Having experienced the lack of medical facilities has made him aware of the difficulties on the island and the need for this new facility. After hearing about the project and introducing us to the locals, everyone felt a strong desire to help the island. By visiting the island on two occasions, we were able to see first hand that we have the ability to improve the conditions for these new friends.
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Pictured An afternoon filled with drums and dancing by the youth of Punta Gorda
semester x: the situation 29
semester x: the situation
How do we begin this endeavor?
After two weeks of initial research and programming, it was evident the only way to undertake a project so sensitive to the community in which it is located was simply to visit it first hand. A few games of phone tag and hours of negotiating with United Airlines, flights were booked, and we were off! ...or so we thought. Eleven graduate-students and seven third-year students agreed to make the trip. Our flight left the morning of Saturday, September 8 from
Kansas City. Followed by a quick layover in Houston, we were to be in Roatรกn by late Saturday afternoon. We caught wind that our original flight had been cancelled about six hours prior to departure. Frantically, all concerned parties were called and rushed to the airport to catch the next available flight. The next flight quickly filled, leaving half the group stranded in Kansas City to wait for an even later departure time. The first wave made it to Houston with some time to spare
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semester x: the situation
Far Left The countryside near Tegucigalpa
Top Right Studio 73 swapping travel stories over wine and cheese
Left Olid, a passionate islander, sharing a hug with his costumed daughter Bottom Right Lounging in the shade on a beautiful day at Paya Bay
before the connecting flight; naturally, we begged them to hold the flight until the rest of the group to arrived. Failing at this task, seven students found themselves Roatån bound, professor-less. Waiting for the first group to arrive on island was Jim’s good friend, Olid. The bags were all claimed, except for one, and the crew was transported to the resort at the far East end of the island. Greeted with quaint living quarters and a tropical drink, the next twenty-four hours
was filled with free time in the forms of hikes, snorkeling, and laying on the beach. The second group arrived on the island late Sunday afternoon just in time for a wine social at sunset. Finally, the group was reunited and ready to begin a week of meetings, observations, and, of course, a little fun. We attended many meetings throughout the week but made time for fun activities to experience all aspects of the island. We went on
various boat rides, snorkeled, swam with dolphins, ziplined in the jungle, hiked on trails around the resort, and ended every evening with a yoga session and a swim at sunset. The food was incredible! Every morning we were greeted with a plethora of fruits, juices, and other breakfast foods. We looked forward to dinner every night. From honey glazed lobster to seafood paella to fresh sea bass, the seafood was delectable! 31
semester x: the situation
A Visit with Mayor Bodden On September 10th, our research began. The first stop was Punta Gorda, the village Olid is from. As Olid told us of the great need for the facility, we realized our project had the true potential to be built. To learn about the culture, we walked around the village, saw some local construction methods, and played soccer with the kids. Soon after, we loaded back up and headed to Oak Ridge, the village where Mayor Perry Bodden’s office is located. During our meeting, we shared our project intentions and heard what he thought was essential for the island. He emphasized the necessity for promoting traditional medicine and education, since they don’t have access to some of the amenities as the U.S. He was very interested in the project, so he arranged a for us with the governor that same day! We headed back to Punta Gorda where we indulged in a traditional island meal and met the governor. Before he arrived, we visited with another friend of Jim’s, Dioxi. She was very helpful in giving us a feel for what is important
to the locals and the identity of the island. She expressed the importance of the beaches to the community’s events and activities. We wanted to be sure that our designs didn’t interfere with this important aspect of their lives. It was during this meeting, we learned about the extent of diabetes and lack of awareness. An analogy was given about teaching a man to fish instead of giving him a fish; this emphasizes the necessity of learning what one needs to do to take care of oneself.
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Pictured The municipal hall in Santos Guardiola
semester x: the situation Left Governor Shawn Hyde spoke to the group about the importance of a new medical facility Right Jim and Dragoslav analyzed local building techniques
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Lunch with Governor Hyde that it is important to design efficiently to allow for the successful operation of the facility both environmentally and economically. Another point of emphasis was the need for a building that is not only beautiful but easy to upkeep because they have neither the time nor the funding to continuously provide maintenance to the building. Security was an aspect that was stressed as well. It needs to have the capability to be locked up and secured, especially after hours. More programming issues discussed were: a room to be used for educational purposes, operating rooms, ICU rooms, holding rooms, delivery rooms, housing for visiting doctors, and spaces to be used by private practices during after hours. Providing a scheme, with these essentials, that has the capability to be expanded upon in the future was a crucial element to give the island hope that a brighter future is on the way.
semester x: the situation
We were amazed that Governor Hyde was willing to meet us right away; it showed us how important this facility is for the island and how interested he is in the matter. During our conversation with the governor, he reinforced the point of how important the water and beaches are to the community and culture of the island. Interfering with these would not be an option for us. He began speaking about the current lack of focus on sustainability in architecture in Roatån. He stressed the expense of electricity and how sustainable features should be considered in order to dramatically cut the operational costs of the facility. This would become a central focus for all designs because Honduran public health care is not-for-profit; they cannot turn away anyone who can’t pay for the medical attention they need because it is a government funded program. While speaking about sustainability, Governor Hyde referred to it on multiple levels, from performance to longevity to staffing. Taking these points into consideration, we determined
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semester x: the situation
A Day with Mayor Galindo September 11th was another full day beginning with a meeting in Coxen Hole with the mayor of the West End, Julio Galindo. This meeting was extremely beneficial, as the mayor brought in the municipality’s architect, engineer, and doctors from the hospital. We were able to hear from the doctors about the capacity of their hospital, how many patients they see per day, and their limitations in space and technology. The architect gave advice that was taken into account when designing such as materials, construction methods, and typical systems that are used on the island. We were also able to see the drawing set of the hospital that was proposed but wasn’t completed. It was beneficial to see the direction the island wanted to go, but could not afford. From there we identified the critical needs of the island. Everyone seemed to be enthusiastic about the intentions of the project, knowing their current facilities do not meet the needs of the island. At the end of our meeting, Mayor Galindo informed us that we were going to have the opportunity to visit the current hospital that afternoon. In gratitude, he gave us the chance to swim with dolphins the next day.
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Top Left Studio 73 listened to Mayor Galindo speak Bottom Left The French harbor
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Right Jim spoke with a local news crew about our goals
semester x: the situation
Proposed Hospital Many of the problems with the current hospital boil down to the need for a more sustainable and functional facility that addresses the core needs of the island. The current situation is overcrowded, unpleasant, poorly organized, and leaves no room for expansion. The island identifies the need for a new facility, but lacks the resources to fund and staff a fully functioning hospital. In 2011, the government hired architects to develop plans
for a new medical center to be centrally located. The proposed hospital would contain functions including surgery, obstetrics, radiology, and cafeteria. While there is no doubt these are all desired amenities, it was over designed in relation to the client’s ability to fund the project. The previously proposed hospital is a $60 million project. Mayor Galindo took the plans to Tegucigalpa, the capital of Honduras, to visit
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several banks about this proposal, and all of them persuaded him not to pursue this facility. The capital is currently facing issues with their newly built hospital due to the low income of patients and the high costs of healthcare. They are still relying heavily on government subsidies to supply operating costs which are about $50,000 per bed per year. With Roatรกn being a quarter the size of Tegucigalpa, the financial strains on the island
would be far more strenuous on the government. We are seeking to design the first phase of construction on this site with the ability to expand. Our proposed medical clinic will not be the permanent end solution; rather, it is the first step in providing an adequate facility to meet the current health needs of the entire island.
Left Site plan of previously proposed hospital Right Exterior rendering of the front entrance
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Current Situation We were able to tour the current hospital with the doctors from our meeting. Right now, only one public medical facility serves the entire island. The hospital lacks both facility size and location, taking 50 minutes to get to and from Punta Gorda. In many cases, this is too far of a distance to travel in emergency situations. Private hospitals exist throughout the island, but are extremely unaffordable for most of the local population. With only five beds available, the current facility struggles to service the 20-25 patients that come through daily. One to two critical patients are forced to be transferred by air to the mainland daily. The most common trauma cases that are seen are injuries sustained from motor vehicle accidents, 70% of which are caused by drunk drivers. In addition to these trauma cases, 10-15 women give birth each day, putting more stress on the function of the hospital. Because of these demands on medical care, staffing becomes another issue for the hospital with only two surgeons and a handful of doctors and nurses.
The entrance to the emergency room is not only difficult to find but also difficult to traverse, which is located down a narrow cluttered alleyway. Not only is the hospital lacking a proper entry sequence, equipment, and space, but it is also lacking storage. Cluttered with medical storage boxes in the hallways, items are placed seemingly in random places wherever one can find room. It is essential, for the health, safety, and welfare of the island, that a facility be developed to help reverse the current struggles.
Far Left Exam room in the existing facility, also serving as office space when needed Top Left Boxes stacked in the hallway due to lack of storage Right Signage for Hospital Roatรกn
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A Trip to Mercy Before the trip to Roatรกn, we had the opportunity to visit Mercy Hospital in Manhattan, Kansas. This gave us an example to compare our findings on the island to. The doctors walked us through the step by step procedures of their emergency ward and shared what they thought did and did not work. Many important items were discussed such as materials used that should have the ability to be easily cleaned to kill bacteria. Ventilation was also identified as a key element, as measures need to be taken to prevent airborne illnesses. In addition, theft is always an issue. Storage, supplies, and pharmaceuticals need to be secured to prevent the chances of stolen items. The doctors expressed the importance of an open ward style patient care, having the ability for families to be a part of the process. Another important element was for nurses to have direct visuals into the rooms from their working stations in case an emergency situation arises. The need for a generator room was also stressed, as the hospital needs to be able to continue functioning in the event of a power outage. Information was given to us as to identify the size and necessary equipment to service traumatic injuries pertaining to the head, heart, etc. All these issues brought up were given careful consideration during our trips and design process.
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Left Mercy Regional Health Center located in Manhattan, Kansas Top Entrance into the emergency ward of the hospital
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Site The plot of land to be developed sits about 200 feet above sea level and a half mile away from the ocean. The land was donated to the government and is situated between Coxen Hole and French Harbor. While the site is more centrally located on the island than the current hospital, the accessibility is still lacking, lying 45 minutes from the far East end and only 20 minutes from the West end.
As we made our way to the site for our preliminary documentation, we found ourselves stranded at the entrance as our fifteen passenger van was incapable of traversing the rugged hillside. We knew we were in for an adventure when a single-cab, light duty pickup truck pulled up beside us ready to transport us to the top. We went in two groups hauling ten at a time in the bed of the truck. As we started our ascent, we
moved at a snails pace, getting jostled left and right as the small truck rolled over large, sharp rocks protruding from a washed out dirt road, up the slope greater than thirty degrees. At one point, several people moved down off the edge of the truck-bed for fear of being thrown from it. After about twenty minutes of travel time, we arrived at the top. Luckily, the government agreed to provide any site excavation and road construction
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necessary to make this site more accessible, but will be no small undertaking. Once at the top, we found that the site had already been partially cleared, and there were spectacular views to the ocean and over the lush rolling hills. From this aspect, the site seems to be an ideal location to promote healing.
Top Photo montage of site
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Left Article published in “The Manhattan Mercury�
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Right Letter from Mayor Galindo expressing appreciation
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Left Littered beach shore Right Washed-up ocean debris
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A Need for Sustainable Practices As stressed by Governor Hyde, sustainable design must be an important consideration for the design of the medical clinic. In the near future, water will cost more than the price of gasoline. Because of this and the large quantity of water a medical clinic will use, rainwater collection becomes essential for our designs. In addition, we discovered electricity is four times more expensive than it is here in the U.S. For this reason, more sustainable practices, such as natural ventilation and natural daylighting, become a central piece of the design in order to limit the use of electricity as much as possible. Electricity is also very unreliable on the island, so providing a backup generator in the event that the medical clinic loses power but still needs to function is a must. We researched the possibilities of either solar or wind power to generate electricity for the clinic. For the first phase of this project, these extra means of power realistically do not meet budget, but perhaps it is an element that can be implemented in the future to help deter some of the utility costs.
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Left Palms used as traditional roofing material
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Center Vernacular construction detail Right Local wood for building
Local Materials & Methods During our time on the island we observed typical building vernacular. Concrete masonry unit (CMU) is a key structural element, not only because of its production on the islands, but also of its easy upkeep. The island harvests its own wood, mostly pine. Not only does using local materials maintain the island’s character, but it will also help boost the local economy. We plan on utilizing 50
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the local labor force to spur the economy and employment. In order to do this we researched these specific building materials and how they can be used most efficiently. We believe our efforts can truly help the island by means of economy, finances, and hope.
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Ready, Set, GO! After our trip to Roatรกn, the programming and schematic design phase finally began. The first step was for each student to individually create a concept and design solution for the challenges presented to us.
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Above Studio 73 professors, Jim Jones and Dragoslav Simic
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Programmatic Design As a collaborative studio, a first priority was to define a “Medical Clinic�. After a long conversation as a group about what we thought were essential components, we found that we weren’t going to be able to figure out all the odds and ends on our own. We recruited the help of medical professionals in our community to advise us of the intricacies in this facility. After much collaboration with each other and professionals, we nailed down the programmatic requirements of our medical clinic, including an emergency ward, operating rooms, neonatal care, pharmacy, and flex rooms for ICU and private practice. Community elements were put into place such as a large room that could double as an education and meeting room. Apartments were also included with the hope that visiting doctors would have the ability to travel to the island to provide services in order to relieve the issues of short staffing. 54
Right Proposed program and square footages
1000sf.
UNIT
Examination Ward
-six beds -Adjacent shower and rest-
350sf.
Operation Room
280sf.
Admitting and Nurses Station (200sf.)
200sf. 50sf.
-Adjacent Prep Room (100sf.)
-Small desk -Overlap with reception -Storage of records -Phone capabilities -Adjacent Restroom -Adjacent Break Room (80sf.)
Medical Equipment Storage (100sf.) -Clean/dirty separation -Centrally located
-Adjacent laundrey facilites (100sf.) -2 washers/2dryers
Drug Storage
-Close proximity to nurses station for surveillance -Centrally located
Covered Ambulance Bay /RFDWHG DZD\ IURP SHGHVWULDQ WUDIÀF
800sf. ICU
UNIT
400sf.
Neonatal Care Room (200sf. each)
300sf.
Intensive Care Room (150sf. each)
100sf.
3450sf. Community 1400sf.
Apartments (700sf. each)
1000sf.
Multi-purpose Room
Consultation Room
900sf.
Waiting Area
-Adjacent to waiting area -Private practice capabilities -40 patient/family -Covered
510sf. Support 100sf. 60sf. 200sf. 150sf.
Janitor Closet
-General maintenance and cleaning supplies -Hazardous material disposal (Possible separate structure)
Mechanical Room
-Generator room -Noise, air, and exhaust buffer (Possible separate structure)
General Storage
-Possibility to be combined
Equipment Maintenance -Conditioned workspace -Counter space
Site Parking
-Recovery room -Overnight stay -Guest stay -Possible adjacency to OR
-Visibility into rooms -Centrally located -Possibilty to be combined with ER station -Storage with possible halllway alcove for a “Crash Cart”
-Bathroom -Kitchenette -Used as a training facility/seminar/meeting space -Converted into off hour overnight stay
150sf.
-Complicated labor and birthing equipment -Overnight stay -Guest stay
Nurse Station
-2 bedroom for visiting medical staff -Kitchen -Bathroom -Adjacent usable outdoor space
semester x: initial concepts
1880sf. ER
-staff and patient *dependant on number of beds and staff -300sf per stall
Garden
-Water collection 50,000 gallon cistern
Total: 10,000sf.
1.5% scaling factor
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Andrew This design focuses on a simple grid-ordered building layout with a central nurses station that serves many functions in order to serve many functions. It is oriented to utilize winds for ventilation, thus mitigating electricity costs. Focus was placed on keeping construction methods as simple as possible for the ease and timeliness of the building phase. 56
semester x: initial concepts Left Exterior rendering showing community interaction with the facility Top Right Model - emphasizing the circulation bar Bottom Right Birds-eye view of exterior
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semester x: initial concepts Top Left Model showcasing the central courtyard Top Right Hand rendering of exterior walkway
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Bottom Section through community and medical ward
semester x: initial concepts
Ashley The idea of healthcare does not start and stop with the patients, rather, the family needs to be taken into consideration as well. If you want the best healing environment, not only do the patients and caretakers need to be in the right state of mind, the family does too. This being said, in this project space was created while thinking about all of the users of the building. The healthcare portion is separated from the public community center, waiting, and private apartments. All three of these sections are placed around a central courtyard giving everyone access to a natural, calming environment. The reason behind separating these elements is to provide the families with their own space away from the patients’ rooms to clear their mind. Because these spaces are divided up, more opportunity is given to allow for natural daylight and ventilation to penetrate through the building. Providing these separate spaces ensures the clarity of mind is present. 59
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Danielle Sectionally driven, the medical clinic is designed to harness the positive attributes of Roatán’s climate. The narrow wings allow for light and breezes to reach deep into each of the rooms. Angled down towards the center circulatory path, the roof provides for an elegant collection of water. The absence of a water supply and electricity guided many design decisions. The organization of the spaces set the public entities apart from the medical. The public spaces open upon the medicinal herb garden while the medical spaces encircle the nurses station. This drastically changes the experience, depending on where you are in the building and medical process. The structure creates an expressive rhythm which reaches out to the site. This repetition sets up the opportunity for pre-fabricate and efficient construction as well as an opportunity for future expansion. Creating a “cradle” of structure allows for an immense freedom for sectional qualities for different functions as well as allowing for topography changes below the floor.
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Top Left Conceptual sketch Top Right Butterfly structure
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Bottom Model - Southern elevation
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Kelsie This design focuses on the separating and clustering of like spaces. The negative spaces created by the placement of each building lends to community gathering spaces while allowing breezes to circulate through the whole construction. A large butterfly roof covers the whole complex to not only unify all these spaces, but allow for maximum collection of rainwater.
Left Sectional progression through medical ward
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Right Function separation
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Naihao
Top Site plan Center Building floor plan
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Bottom Wire-frame building model placed on site
This design focuses on creating not only functional and flexible space within the building, but also a healing and sustainable environment. To achieve this, the building is made flexible and therefore sustainable with regards to future demands for changing use and function. Every programmed space is carefully laid out in relationship to each other. A courtyard exists between the part of the building used by doctors and the part of the building used by the public. A hallway makes up the spine of the building and gathers together different functions in a clear manner. The layout of the main functions of the building minimizes walking distances and optimizes daily operation as well as adjusting to the special needs of the different areas of activity. The louvre system on the facade makes it possible to filter the light into the building under different weather conditions.
semester x: initial concepts
Nathan Healing + Helping + Harmonic. These words were kept in mind throughout the design process. The two primary concerns during this phase were to make sure the space was correctly designed for ease of access by patient and doctor, and to give proper consideration to medical equipment. These two things are essential for the healing of the patient. Helping focuses on sustainability. The
design takes into consideration how the building can adequately capture breezes from all four sides of the building to reduce the need for mechanically cooled rooms. The roof is also designed so it will direct all rain water to the interior of the building where a bioswale and cistern will be placed. Harmonic focuses on the context of the medical clinic. The site of the building is very
66
semester x: initial concepts
mountainous; the form of the building is designed to reflect the soaring peaks that surround it.
Top Left Sketch depicting roof water drainage Bottom Left Building on site Right Pedestrian approach
67
semester x: team design
68
Team Formation semester x: team design
A mix of fifth-year and third-year students formed five teams of five members within the studio. The teams represented in this book are Team Yaba Ding Ding and Team Tigrillo. Both names were inspired by the island: tigrillo - the equivalent to a Honduran wildcat, and yaba ding ding - a historical artifact. At this point in the design process, each team selected a path of collaboration, either by selecting a single project or selecting the best elements from multiple projects.
Left Team Tigrillo
69
Right Team Yaba Ding Ding
Right A critique with Torgeir Norheim, Dragoslav Simic, Jim Jones, and Dr. Sager
semester x: team design
Medical Guidance Throughout the multiple iterations of design, we were fortunate to get feedback from medical professionals regarding the functionality of our buildings. Dr. Luis Fuentes and Dr. Sager were kind enough to visit and talk about the successes and downfalls of our projects. The critiques focused on sizes of rooms, circulation paths, and exterior development. The meetings proved beneficial to our studio seeing as we had never designed a facility of such complexity. 70
semester x: team design
Medical Guidance
71
Can the
DESIGN
up
live to
the agility of the tigrillo?
semester x: team tigrillo
Design Development Coming together as a group, Team Tigrillo focused on design aspects that made each individual scheme successful. We added and revised our initial concepts to both strengthen the simplicity and the constructability of the idea. Some of the things we desired were: a double roof system utilizing the island breezes for ventilation, a multi-faceted nurses station for maximum connection within the facility, an exploration of operable shading devices to keep the building from overheating, and a structure system that freed the building of interior columns. Using these key design elements, we worked on to creating a project that fit many core needs for a clinic on the island. 74
semester x: team tigrillo
Top Left Floor plan Far Left Exploded roof diagram Center Left Pedestrian view of entry Bottom Left Interactive nurses station Top Left Model of roof plan
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semester x: team tigrillo
Grid Organization
360 degree Nurse Awareness
76
Circulation Paths
Passive Ventilation
Mass Separation
Revising a Design
Wrapping of the Skin
semester x: team tigrillo
Design 1: The program was separated into sections allowing for building phases throughout the construction process. A circulation bar was created to connect all stages of the facility and create unstructured waiting spaces for visitors. To help keep electricity costs down, the roof and floor were given separation for maximum ventilation properties, and the nurses station was centered to provide sight lines to all major functions of the facility. A 15 foot modular grid created to help organize the spaces. Design 2: Technical refinement of key functions was the next step. The addition of a functional wall separating the waiting area and medical ward were made. For better flexibility in spatial order, the 15 foot grid was changed to a 4 foot modular grid system. Design 3: To get to a more refined design, the team focused on many issues. The roof system was rethought for better ventilation performance. The addition of a skin wrap system provided shading, security, ventilation, and aesthetics. Reflection gardens were used between the building separations for visitors. The entry overhang became connected to the nurses station creating a promenade for the visitor upon entry.
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Reducing Solar Gain
Pictured Various diagrams focusing on design intent
The Final Design
semester x: team tigrillo
Team Tigrillo sought to create a project that was representative of the people and qualities seen on our initial site visit. We looked to make design decisions that, even further, strengthened the simplicity. User gradients, central bridgeways, passive strategies, a central nurses station, and modular grid structural organization were used to create many different types of spaces throughout the clinc and keep costs low. Using these key design elements, we created a project that we feel fits many core needs of the medical clinic and the betterment of the Roatรกn community as a whole.
Top Left Site plan Bottom Left Section through waiting area, ER ward, and OR
78
Page Right Renderings focusing on key points of the clinic
semester x: team tigrillo 79
Top Left Community space Far Right Building floor plan
semester x: team tigrillo
Page Bottom Images of physical models
80
semester x: team tigrillo 81
Can
the design
STAND
the test of
time
just like a yaba ding ding?
semester x: team yaba ding ding Top Exterior +community garden Left ER ward and corridor
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Right Transverse section
Design Development
semester x: team yaba ding ding
As we began working as a group, we determined what was successful in each individual design and included those aspects into our overall project. In conjunction with this process, we established rules to help us reach our design goals. These included the use of wide corridors for easy access and circulation, breaking the program up by functions to establish a public to private gradient, utilizing the building form to allow for natural daylighting and ventilation, creating a form to maximize water collection, creating a central nurses station, and including a medicinal garden and waiting area. These main ideas aided us in creating a project that would meet the needs of the island.
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semester x: team yaba ding ding DN
restroom master bed ICU
ICU
ICU
ICU
OR
break room
master bed bedroom
bedroom
restroom
restroom
living room reception
community room
med. equipment + storage
drug storage
equipment maintanence
living room
prep room restroom DN
nurse station
DN
atient ntrance
DN
DN
ER bed
ER bed
ER bed
ER bed
isolated ER
restrooms
consultation mechanical
ambulance
dirty + clean linens
REF.
janitor’s room triage room waiting room
commons
kitchen
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Revising a Design
semester x: team yaba ding ding
Design 1: To meet the potential need for phasing this project, the program of the medical clinic was broken up by function. The different functions were placed around a large central corridor with the medical unit occupying one side and community spaces occupying the other. To further help organize the spaces, a 30 foot grid was established using our butterfly structural system. This system allowed for all of our passive strategy goals to be accomplished: channeling water to the center for collection and opening up for natural daylighting and ventilation. Our hope was to leave the spaces as open as possible to allow cool breezes to reach all interior spaces and lessen the likelihood for the spread of disease. Design 2: Upon receiving feedback, refinements were made to our current design. We maintained the corridor, but the circulation passes back and forth from interior to exterior. The entry sequence was enhanced with the waiting and community spaces being able to open up and provide exterior seating area for the patients and families. The medical facility was combined into one enclosed volume and took on a linear progression from public to private. More prominence was given to the medicinal garden.
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Revising a Design
semester x: team yaba ding ding
Design 3: Our final revision consisted of an extensive study on the sectional quality of our roof and how we can best bring in light, breezes, and collect water at the same time. We landed on a design that spoke to the hierarchy of the spaces and brought light in to the most important areas. We further enhanced our medicinal garden to provide a place for herbs to be grown and for patients and families to retreat to. Focusing on the people, we also gave our community and waiting space the ability to open up into each other allowing for expansion.
Top Left Site plan Top Right Floor plan
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Bottom Longitudinal section
patient entrance
master bed
master bed
restroom med. equipment + storage
ICU
ICU
ICU
ICU
operating room
break room
records bedroom prep room
equipment maintanence
living room
bedroom living room
nurse reception drug storage
community room
restroom
bathroom
bathroom
nurse station
DN
isolated ER triage
consultation
restroom
restroom
janitor closet
REF.
waiting room
DN
89 semester x: team yaba ding ding
DN DN DN DN
DN
commons
dirty + clean linens
kitchen
ER beds
ER beds
mechanical room
Apartment Medical
semester x: team yaba ding ding
Community/Public Support Space
The Final Design Our team’s ultimate goal was to create a facility that meets the needs of the island and represents the importance of community in Roatån. We focused on creating a beautiful, yet simple design that embraces the potentials for sustainability and function. The sectional quality of our facility helped us reach many of these goals, as well as the prominent corridor. The structure provided the opportunity for an aesthetically pleasing design while organizing our functions. The generous corridor allowed us to maintain our central nurses station that has a 360 degree view of the facility. Through these key design elements, we designed a facility that meets the needs of the island in a beautiful, affordable manner. 90
semester x: team yaba ding ding
Top Left Function diagram Bottom Left Community entrance Top Right Medical section
91
Bottom Right Aerial rendering
Y Semester
What do
you get when you
CROSS
a yaba ding ding and a tigrillo?
Left Model packaging and transportation Right United Airlines plane ticket
semester y: return visit
Trip Prep After multiple iterations and design critiques, we felt the projects had reached a level of schematic completion that ultimately deserved a review from the client. We knew there was more work to be done and wanted feedback, so we started exploring the possibility of a second trip to the island. Having self-funded the first trip, we began looking into alternative funding options. The projects gained significant support from the university and local medical community. With the nature of the trip being to present our work, we qualified to apply for the Graduate School Travel Grant. We each filed the grant application and found out in early January that we had been rewarded roughly $300 each to put toward our travel expenses. Each student evaluated their financial situations, and, in the end, seven students decided they would go to represent the studio as a whole. We arrived back in Manhattan from winter break refreshed and eager to prepare for our return trip. Excited to have been recognized by the
provost and the university for the work we had put in thus far, thank you notes were written to all the parties who had supported and guided us to this point. The first week of class was filled with constructing protective packaging for the models to be transported, creating one page summary boards, and reprinting a full set of drawings for each group. To represent the university and Department of Architecture, small cars, trucks, and ambulances were laser cut to be handed out to the children on the island. It was our desire to increase awareness of the university’s involvement with the medical clinic through a small memento we could leave behind.
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semester y: return visit 97
semester y: return visit
Activities Ready to escape the bitter Kansas winter, and praying for smoother travels the second time around, we found ourselves Roatán bound once again. Packed into two vehicles, each with a model on our lap, we made our way to Kansas City in preparation for another early morning flight—this time, not cancelled. Apart from the unaccommodating efforts of the airline and the numerous stares and questions geared our way,
all connections were made, and we successfully arrived in Roatán by early afternoon. We were greeted at the airport by Jim, Dragoslav, Olid, and the local news crew. After a brief interview, we were taken to our condo. We had the evening and following day to get reacclimatized with the island and prepare ourselves for the presentations ahead. Since Jim and Dragoslav had arrived on the island the week before, our appointments and
98
Left Studio meeting on the roof patio of Club Natale Top Right Team Tigrillo preparing for the meetings Bottom Right Garric Baker taking notes for Team Lionfish
semester y: return visit
presentations were scheduled. Sunday evening, we met as a studio on the rooftop terrace at sunset to discuss our plan of action.
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semester y: return visit
The Doctors Response Monday, January 28, 2013 A meeting with over a dozen of the existing hospital’s doctors and staff was first on the agenda. While waiting for our appointment, we started handing out the laser cut cars and trucks to the kids; they were a hit! Once in the room, the summary boards were arranged to allow the overall conceptual ideas to be shown, while large scale plans were presented directly in front of the group to allow for a clear visual understanding of the building layout. Once each group had presented, we were able to hear comments from the doctors and nurses. We found positive approval for a much more economical design that can address the current issues and be further expanded in the future as the needs on the island continue to evolve. Although the doctors were all very adamant about the large hospital, by the end of the presentations we gained their support and received very important feedback for continuing our conceptual development. First, they helped us hone our programming from trauma to a general emergency clinic. We realized this was the main
reason there was some initial hesitation from the doctors since the true need on the island is not a trauma center but a refined hospital. One of the biggest critiques found in all of the projects was the lack of separation between the medical zones. Having a surgical ward requires a level of sterilization and quality control that we had not yet identified. The doctors referred to what they called the zoning method. The “green zone” refers to those spaces that can be accessed by all. This leads to the “grey zone”, which encompasses those spaces that require more privacy and limited access, such as preparation areas and examination spaces. The third and final “white zone” includes the operation spaces which requires a fully controlled, sterilized area. Other programmatic issues that were brought to our attention included an x-ray and laboratory. These spaces were not included in our original program, but they were necessary spaces for the future facility. Adding a testing laboratory would provide a place for blood work and various other screenings to be performed. The addition of
an x-ray room brought up the question of building materials that would be used, seeing as the unit requires lead walls when the machine is in use. The addition of both of these functions would be a tremendous aid to their daily operation. A more accessible pharmacy was also desired. We included a pharmacy in our original program; however, they stressed the need for a window to the exterior in order to act more as a clinic so patients don’t have to go inside the facility to fill their prescriptions.
100
semester y: return visit 101
Pictured Team Tigrillo presenting to medical staff
semester y: return visit
Back to Coxen Hole Tuesday, January 29, 2013 The next day we headed to Coxen Hole to meet with Mayor Julio Galindo, the municipality’s architect and engineer, and a couple doctors who were present for our previous presentations. We presented our designs in the form of powerpoints, models, and one page summary boards. There was an aura of excitement and appreciation as each team presented their scheme. The members
of the mayor’s staff gave valuable critiques and praise. The mayor reminded us of the need to overcome high operating costs. He informed us of many of the social issues in Honduras, one being that they cannot deny people medical services. The services become “free”, meaning the government funds it. He stressed that our projects must apply sustainable practices to offset the operational costs, as well as create an
organized plan that requires minimal staff. The mayor and doctors told us to think of the facility as a small scale hospital with the possibility of expansion, rather than limiting it to strictly trauma services. By expanding the vision, the facility could have the potential to become a multi-faceted center, specializing in surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics, and/or internal medicine. These flexible spaces would also have the ability
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Left Representatives of Studio 73 and Mayor Galindo Right Professor Dragoslav Simic and Jim Jones talked with a local doctor
semester y: return visit
to host doctors and their private practices, which would further help fund the facility. The architect brought to our attention again that the building needs to be as maintenance free as possible. While our original designs all incorporated wood exteriors, it was advised to explore using concrete or CMU instead. The upkeep of the wood would be far too difficult due to the high salinity in the air, and it would most
likely need to be replaced on a regular basis. This issue was also applicable when choosing a roofing material and fenestration. We were informed of another issue our designs had to overcome. Originally, we thought raising the building would aid in the cross ventilation of the space to help mitigate heat. However, we were informed that this technique, which we had all implemented, creates a breeding
ground for mosquitoes. Mosquitoes on the island are known to carry Malaria and Dengue fever. A need for sewage treatment and an incinerator were also addressed. As Mayor Galindo had mentioned before, he again stated that all landscaping and road work would be performed by the municipality. The engineer estimated construction costs to be in the range of $100-120 per square foot. 103
semester y: return visit
A Little Escape After our presentation, Mayor Galindo had one serious question he posed to us, “So, how did you get the names for your teams?” We explained to him the initial research we did, and how we were drawn to these titles. His response was, “Well, do you want to see yaba ding dings and tigrillos in real life?” We were ecstatic! In typical island hospitality, he dropped everything and took us by boat to his private island a few miles off the shore. There was a zoo housing tigrillos along with other native Honduran animals. A Mayan temple had also been reconstructed at the top of a hill which contained numerous artifacts, including yaba ding dings. After a tour, he treated us to a traditional island lunch of fried sea bass, coconut rice and beans, and fried plantains. He shared his story and how much Roatán means to him and his family.
104
Far Left Representatives of Studio 73 on the Mayan ruins Top Left A native Honduran tigrillo Top Right A native Honduran parrot Bottom On Mayor Galindo’s boat headed to his island
semester y: return visit 105
semester y: return visit Left Councilman Bodden gave design feedback Top Right Nathan Geier and Kelsie Kremer presented the courtyard scheme
106
Bottom Right Jim discussed the presentation outside of the Oak Ridge classroom
East End Presentation
semester y: return visit
Wednesday, January 30, 2013 Our final presentation was given on the East end of the island with Mayor Wally Bodden and three city council members. In an Oak Ridge classroom, we presented only two of the five designs: a bar scheme and a courtyard scheme. We gathered around the models and explained additional details from the summary boards. The Santos Guardiola Municipality is not as financially endowed as the West End and Coxen Hole due to the influx of cruise ships and tourism the West End receives. Although, the East end is more rural, it is home to several local communities. The needs of immediate medical attention for residents and tourists is an issue they asked us to consider. The mayor and council members were excited about the idea of bringing a medical facility to their side of the island. They desire a second facility to serve the East end municipality. Seeing as financing the project would be even more difficult, they desired a multi-functional, sustainable clinic that centered around the community. The only design critique they saw as an issue not yet addressed was a “hurricane-proof� design. This would include, again, the use of a CMU exterior instead of wood construction and the use of glass sparingly.
107
semester y: return visit
“We have the sick, but can we afford the sick?� -Mayor Galindo
108
semester y: return visit
Left Mayor Galindo was interviewed by news crews.
109
Right Letter from Mayor Galindo to Dean de Noble
semester y: return visit
110
Things to Take Away
111
Left Beautiful sunset on the West End
semester y: return visit
After another week in paradise, we felt like we recieved the guidance necessary to push our projects to their fullest potential. Once back in Kansas, our findings were presented to our classmates who did not make the trip, and as a studio, we decided to pursue two separate facilities for the island. A bar scheme would be most suitable for the existing site and a courtyard scheme would better serve the East end. Presenting in Honduras taught us more than what to fix in our designs. As the week went on, our audiences evolved. This changed our terminology, method of display, level of detail, and approach. From political and financial discrepancies to professional advice and encouragement, each meeting gave us much information to process. The series of presentations kept us on our toes. We did not know the specifics of whom, where, or when we would be presenting our designs until arriving at the location. Island time is much different than we are used to. All in all, we gained a real world experience of client interaction that cannot be grasped on campus.
semester y: next steps
Precedent While working to incorporate our new knowledge and reconfiguring studio groups, we recruited the help of Diane Cable. She is a surgical nurse who has made multiple trips to Haiti working in a medical clinic with a surgical team. From past experiences, Diane was able to identify several security issues that come with a facility of this manner. She related personal accounts of her time in Haiti and stressed the need for proper security measures including bulk pharmacy storage space, a secure surgical suite, and a double lock system within the living quarters. She walked us through the plan of an existing facility in Haiti, identifying opportunities for storage and clerical spaces. In addition, ways of dealing with sustainability were suggested such as conditioning only spaces that were in use, allowing rentable spaces within the complex, and creating ward space that can double as education space when not in use. This was all new information, and she left us with hope that we can positively impact the community of Roatรกn.
Left Living quarters of the medical staff
112
Right Floor plan of an existing trauma center in Haiti
semester y: next steps 113
semester y: next steps
When Teams Merge:
Yaba Ding Dings + Tigrillos = Yabarillos
114
semester y: next steps 115
semester y: final proposal
The Best of Both Having similar design processes and thoughts on implementing these strategies, it only made sense that our two teams combine the strengths of our individual projects into one bar scheme. Both projects focused their parti around a prominent circulation path; this remained a strong concept we wished to keep. By incorporating team Yaba Ding Ding’s structure and organization of the linear medical facility with team Tigrillo’s procession of spaces and permeability, we began working through the feedback and programmatic changes.
Pictured Spatial formation diagram
Mass
116
semester y: final proposal
Circulation Path
Function Separation
Centralized Entry
117
semester y: final proposal
Phased Design In addition to these changes, we gave more consideration to the proposed hospital. It was clear while on the island that the more we worked to preserve the hope of expansion to a larger hospital in the future, the more accepted our design would become. We did this by pushing our building to the edge of the hillside to take up as little of the site as possible. This worked in our favor, as it gave us an easy way to access the cisterns under the building. 118
Left Phased design diagram Center Our facility and original plan with shared parking Right Alternative proposal
semester y: final proposal 119
semester y: final proposal
Design Changes Many changes took place in our design from exterior finishes to programming. Some of these included change in materiality from a wood exterior to a CMU exterior and lowering the building to the ground. The interior saw some changes including rearranging spaces to meet the zoning requirements, giving the ICU rooms the ability to serve multiple functions, and changing the apartments from single rooms to dorm style. Revisiting the sustainable aspects of our design, more exploration was done on the roof in order to maximize water collection.
Heavy vs. Light
120
semester y: final proposal
non-sterile minimally sterile moderately sterile highly sterile
Levels of Sterility
Left Materiality diagram
121
Right Medical Zoning
Revision of Programming
semester y: final proposal
Program that was added after further exploration and development included a recovery room, a surgeon locker room, an outpatient surgery room, an x-ray and lab, a utensil wash room, an office for the administrative side of the medical facility, a bulk pharmacy storage, an extra janitor room to avoid cross-contamination between the medical and public side, a smaller, private classroom, and a shed to house the incinerator and generator.
AA AA
BB BB
CC
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
G
B
2 3 X-ray dark room
janitor (medical)
4 5
X-ray
laboratory
doctor locker room
ER ward
recovery suite
6
nurse station
7 generator
8
prep/sterilization
utensil wash room
surgical suite lobby
bathroom family waiting
9 1100
1
111 incinerator
1122 1 13
scale: sscal sca sc cal ca aalee:: 11/8” 1///8 /8” 8” = 1’0” ’0”
122
Right Building floor plan
maintainence + storage
operating room
outpatient surgery
delivery + ER suite clinic: internal medicine
clinic: internal medicine
clinic: pediatrics
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
1
C
D
patient entrance
ambulance entrance
private classroom consultation
semester y: final proposal
H
kitchen
administration laundry
dining + commons
apartment
public bathroom
reception + pharmacy
clinic: pediatrics
waiting area public bathroom
records
break room
pharmacy storage
laundry + janitor
community room
storage
dorm 1
dorm 2
dorm 3
14
123
semester y: final proposal
Sustainability Further consideration was given to sustainability as our projects became one. The roof system was redeveloped to form a large, central gutter to maximize rain water collection. The water flows to the community and waiting space where it is funneled to the cisterns which sit right below the space. This allows for easy access to the cisterns for water treatment and repair. Placing the downspouts in the open community and waiting space also minimizes potential water damage from leaks. The community and waiting area is opened up to allow for breezes to flow through and naturally cool the space while patients are waiting. This cuts down on utilities while keeping waiting patients comfortable, which minimizes the chances of contagions spreading due to the air constantly circulating.
Left Water collection diagram Top Right Gutter detail
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Bottom Right Passive strategies diagram
Pine Sheathing 2x4 Stud 2x6 Stud 5/8” White Gypsum Board Recessed Can Light Gypsum Board Tape
semester y: final proposal
Metal Flashing Vapor Barrier Plywood Sheathing Corrugated Metal 2x10 Honduran Pine Stainless Steel Shear Angle 1” Steel Bolt Stainless Steel Joist Hanger
Corrugated Metal Radiant Barrier 3/4” Plywood Sheathing 4x16 Honduran Pine Roof Beam 4x16 Honduran Pine Roof Girder 4x12 Honduran Pine Roof Column
125
Pictured Exterior rendering viewed from approaching vehicles
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semester y: final proposal 127
Logistics
semester y: final proposal
Functions–The facility is broken up into three primary functions. Upon entry, people are greeted with an open, welcoming community and waiting area overlooking the distant ocean. This portion is shifted to create shaded, multifunctional spaces. Immediately to the left are dorm-style apartments which function primarily to house visiting surgical teams. The medical portion of the facility is to the right, which contains all medical functions of the building. The generator and incinerator are located about sixty feet away from the medical unit. Phasing–The facility has been designed to allow for phasing if full funding isn’t immediately available. First, site excavation will occur as well as building the “tool shed” that houses the incinerator and generator. This will be built initially to secure construction tools, then the incinerator and generator will be put in place when construction is complete. Following this, the medical unit will be built, as it is the most important function. The cisterns will be installed so water can be collected. The community and waiting space will be the next portion to be constructed, followed by the apartments. It is anticipated that further site excavation and hospital construction will take place in the future.
Functions 2
1 Utilities Shed
3
Medical Unit
4
Community Cistern
Apartments
Construction Phasing 1
2
3
1
4 2.1
1 Excavation + Construction Tool Shed* 2 Medical Unit + 2.1 Cistern 3 Community Space 4 Visiting Surgery Team Apartments *Tool shed will temporarily keep construction tools secure. It will house the generator and incinerator when construction is complete.
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Utilities Shed
Generator Room / Generador Incinerator Room / Incinerador
Medical Unit
Construction Types 1
2
3
4
Construction Types 2
3
4
Community Space 1 Utilities Shed 2 Medical Unit 3 Community Space 4 Apartments Total Gross Floor Area Total Gross Internal Area Gross Floor Area: measured from the external face of external walls Gross internal Area: measured from internal face of external walls
598/471 8287/8006 5847/4942 3290/3088
18022 sf 16507 sf
Community Room / Sala Comunitaria Waiting Area / Espera Private Classroom* / Aula Privado Public Bathroom* / Baño Público Public Bathroom* / Baño Público Storage* / Almacenaje
semester y: final proposal
Medical Director / Oficina del Director 197 sf Bathroom / Baño 75 sf Bathroom / Baño 51 sf Break Room / Sala de Descanso del Personal 91 sf Clinic: Internal Medicine / Clinca: Medicina Interna 209 sf Clinic: Internal Medicine / Clinca: Medicina Interna 209 sf Clinic: Pediatrics / Clinica: Medicina Interna 209 sf Clinic: Pediatrics / Clinica: Medicina Interna 209 sf Consultation / Oficina de Consultación 209 sf Delivery/ER Suite / Sala de Expulsion + Urgencias 282 sf ER Ward / Sala de Urgencias 874 sf Janitor (medical) / Conserje (Médica) 64 sf Laboratory / Laboratorio 91 sf Laundry + Janitor (public) / Lavadero + Conserje 99 sf Maintenance + Storage / Mantenimiento + Almacenaje 427 sf Nurse Station / Enfermera Estación -Operating Room / Sala de Operaciones 266 sf Out Patient Surgery / Sala de Cirugía Ambulatoria 166 sf Pharmacy Bulk Storage / Almacén de Farmacia 105 sf Prep/Sterilization / Preparación + Esterilización 130 sf Reception + Records / Almacén de Registros 372 sf Recovery Ward / Sala de Recuperación 253 sf Surgeon Locker Room / Vestuario de los Médicos 110 sf Utensil Wash Room / Lavado y Esterilización 56 sf Waiting - Secondary / Espera Secondaria -White Zone Lobby / Area Blanca 254 sf X-Ray / Unidad de Rayos X 131 sf X-Ray Dark Room / Cuarto Oscuro 61 sf
CMU walls and slab / lumber roof structure lumber flooring system / lumber roof structure
1
381 sf 90 sf
902 sf 892 sf 497 sf 95 sf 95 sf 197 sf
*Part of the Apartment structure but functions as part of the Community Space.
Apartments
1089 sf 347 sf 347 sf 328 sf 32 sf
129
Dining Commons / Comedor + Comunes Dorm 1 / Dormitorio 1 Dorm 2 / Dormitorio 2 Dorm 3 / Dormitorio 3 Laundry / Lavadero
semester y: final proposal
130
Left East Elevation Right West Elevation Below South Elevation Bottom North Elevation
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semester y: final proposal
11’6”
13’6”
15’0”
12’4”
11’0”
15’0” 9’3”
15’0”
15’0” 12’0”
Top Left Section through the community space and cistern Top Right Section cutting through the medical ward
132
Bottom Longitudinal section
10’6”
10’0”
10’0”
38’0”
25’0”
21’0”
11’6”
11’6”
15’0”
12’4”
15’0”
9’0”
10’0”
15’8”
30’0”
13’6”
semester y: final proposal
26’0”
15’0”
133
Pine Shim 4x16 Honduran Pine Roof Gurder Stainless Steel Shear Angle 2” Steel Bolt
semester y: final proposal
1” Steel Bolt Stainless Steel Joist Hanger 4x16 Honduran Pine Roof Beam 4x12 Honduran Pine Built-up Column 1” Steel Bolt
Corrugated Metal Radiant Barrier 3/4” Plywood Sheathing 2x10 Honduran Pine Roof Beam 4x16 Honduran Pine Roof Beam Stainless Steel C Channel 2x4 Pine Block
4x16 Honduran Pine Roof Beam Built-In Wood Louver System 1x4Pine Block
2x4 Stud Wall 5/8” White Gypsum Board Pine Base Board 2” Steel Bolt Stainless Steel Shear Angle Stainless Steel Bearing Plate 18x18 Reinforced Concret Column Footing
Pictured Building techniques
Construction Document Details
12x12 Non-Slip Linoleum Tile Plywood Substrate 6” Concrete Slab-on-Grade Waterproofing Membrane Drainage Course
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Sliding Wood Window Fixed Head Single Pane Glass Sliding Wood Window Fixed Jamb Precast Concrete Sill 3 Core 8x8x16 Concrete Masonry Unit 3/8� Type O Mortar Pine Base Board Foundation Drain Foundation Anchor Bolt 2x6 Honduran Pine Floor Boards
2x2 Honduran Pine Slat 2x2 Honduran Pine Slat 2x2 Slat Frame 2x6 Honduran Pine Floor Boards 4x16 Honduran Pine Floor Girder 18x18 Reinforced Concrete Column Footing 2x10 Honduran Pine Floor Beam 4x16 Honduran Pine Floor Beam
2x2 Slat Frame 2x6 Honduran Pine Floor Boards 4x12 Honduran Pine Built-up Column 4x16 Honduran Pine Floor Beam 2x10 Honduran Pine Floor Beam
semester y: final proposal
Precast Concrete Lintel
4x16 Honduran Pine Floor Girder
Concrete Reinforcement 6� Thickened Edge Concrete Slab-on-Grade Waterproofing Membrane Drainage Course
135
Average: Warm Season: July 21- October 2 Cold Season: Nov 17- February 16 Rainy Season: July-January with heaviest in October-January
Inches of Rain Per Month:
semester y: final proposal
January 8.6 February 4.7 March 3.2
April 2.3 May 2.7 June 5.8
July 10.4 August 6.0 September 6.1
October 17.8 November 16.4 December 14
Average: 8.6+4.7+3.2+2.3+2.7+5.8+10.4+6+6.1+17.8+16.4+14
8.17in/12 = .69ft
12 Roof Square Footage: 21960.5 sf
Total Roof Catching Capability: 3
.69ft x 21960.5sf + 15152.745 ft x 7.48 = 113,350.4 gallons
Roof Drainage
Cistern Size: 2
3
Ď€ 12 (15) = 6782ft x 7.48+ 50,732 gallons x 2 = 100,000 gallons
Using local weather data, we analyzed the average monthly precipitation. Possible collection capabilities were calculated based on the roof surface area and gutter size necessary to support Heaviest amount of rainfall per hour interval= 17.4 in/12 + 1.45 ft per hour/ 60 = .024 ft per minute the demands of the facility. Cistern sizes were determined from the average daily demand of the 21960.5 sf x .024 ft = 530.7 ft3 x 7.48 = 3969.91 gallons per minute medical clinic. Downspouts were then sized based on these calculations.
Worst Case Scenario:
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Gutter Capacity: 1/2(5.83x1.04) = 3.03 1/2(8.37 x 1.04)= 4.35 3
7.38 x 286.416 ft = 2114.89 ft x 7.48 = 15,820.47 gallons 15,820.47 > 3969.91 OK
Down Spout Analysis: semester y: final proposal
4 downspouts: 3 in main area, 1 at end of the medical center 21960.5/4 = 5490.125sf Area drained per sq ft of downspout: 60 ft 5490.125/ 60 = 91.5 ft minimum area per downspout 2 91.5 = πr r= 5.3�
Left Water collection calculations
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Right Drainage diagram
Preliminary Foundation Design:
Cost Estimation
Load Analysis: Roof Dead Load=15psf
semester y: final proposal
In order to find a design suitable for the island of Roatán, cost estimations were made. This provides the client with an idea of the financial means necessary to build this clinic. Thinking about how the building is constructed, calculations for the concrete foundation were completed. The next step was figuring the amount of CMU required. Once these calculations were finished, the numbers were taken with average pricing figures to find an estimated cost.
Roof Live Load= 35psf Total Load: 50psf + 10psf (extra)= 60psf Spread Footing Design (south facing): Load: 60psf ( tributary width) = 60psf ( 16’ ) = 960plf = P Soil Bearing Capacity: q= 3ksf for “clay soft broken shale” Required Footing Area: A=P/q A=0.96k/3ksf= 0.32’ , use b=2’ Design a Single Footing Under Column: Load: P= TA (DL+LL) 300sf ( 60psf ) = 18 kips = P Footing Area Required: A= P/q = 18kips / 3 = 6sf b= ¥6 = 2.45’ Material Weight: Timber= 35pcf Total Column Weight: 35pcf ( 12.25’ ) = 428.88 lbs/ft Column self-weight § 10% of total supported load § 42.88 lbs Load Per Column: w= ( 60 )( 8.33’ ) = 500 lbs/ft Total Column Weight: 428.75 lbs/ft Total Gravity Load= 928.75 lbs/ft Column Self Weight = 9.28 lbs/ft
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Pictured Preliminary cost estimations
Total Design Load = 938 lbs/ft + 30% for lateral load= 938(1.3) = 1219.4 lbs/ft
Material/Labor Cost Estimates: CMU Block: @ nominal size 10” x 8” x 16” Total building face – openings = 6534.1 sf *using 10” x 8” x 16” cmu = 1.125 blocks per sf of area 6534.1 sf x 1.125 = 7351 blocks
Foundation with several corners: Mason- 6.5-10 hrs Laborer- 7.5-12 hrs
Waste @ 6% = 441 blocks
Exterior walls 4’0” high:
Total = 7,792 blocks @ $2 = $15,584
Mason- 6-9 hrs
2. Shape of units
Mason- 7-10.5 hrs
3. Color of units `
Exterior walls 4’8” above ground or floor:
Laborer- 7.5-12 hrs
4. Type of bond (pattern): running bond is cheapest 5. Shape of mortar joints 6. Color of mortar joints 7. Any other special requirements (such as fire rating) Mortar: @ 3.2 cf per 100 sf of face area
Waste @ 40% = 83.64 cf of waste Total = 292.74 cf
Simple foundation: Mason- 6-9 hrs Laborer- 7-10.5 hrs
*use 7.5 mason work hours per 100 sf & 9.5 labor work hours per 100 sf 65.341 hundred sf x 7.5 = 490 mason work hours 65.341 hundred sf x 9.5 = 621 laborer work hours *assuming a bare labor rate of $14.25 for masons and $10.00 for laborers per work hour
65.341 squares of face area x 3.2 cf per square = 209.1 cf
Labor: calculating work hours per sf
semester y: final proposal
Laborer- 7-10.5 hrs
*Factors to account for in cost: 1. Size of units
Mason labor cost = 490 work hours x $14.25 per work hour = $6,982.50 Laborer labor cost = 621 work hours x $10.00 per work hour = $6,210.00 Total Labor Cost = $13,192. 50 *note: 1. The more corners and openings, the more man hours 2. If using lightweight concrete, work hours decrease by 10% 3. Work hours include simple pointing and cleaning required 4. Special bonds and patterns increase work hours by 20-50%
139
Accessories to account for: control joints, wall ties, flashing, weep holes, lintels, sills, coping, reinforcement bars, etc.
semester y: final proposal
140
semester y: final proposal
Left Exterior rendering of emergency entrance Top Right Waiting area
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Bottom Right Doctor living quarters
semester y: final proposal
142
semester y: final proposal
Left Community room Right Community porch
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semester y: final proposal Top Left Reception area Bottom Left Medical unit
144
Right Medical unit
semester y: final proposal 145
Picutred Entrance
semester y: final proposal
146
semester y: final proposal 147
26’0”
21’0”
11’6”
11’6”
15’0”
12’4”
15’0”
Section A // Surgical Suite
11’6”
15’0”
12’4”
11’0”
15’0”
15’0” 12’0”
9’0”
10’0”
13’6”
15’8”
30’0”
15’0”
Section B // Medical Unit
13’6”
15’0” 9’3”
10’0”
38’0”
25’0”
10’0”
10’6”
Section C // Community + Waiting
Section D // Apartments Real World Problem Solving // Other than the dire need for sustainability in all categories, a number of other issues required our attention. The largest is the island’s desire to build a $60 million hospital. As helpful as such a facility would be, it is not plausible due to its large financial demand. The proposed design occupies the same site as our proposed clinic. To compromise and keep hopes for future growth alive, we designed our facility on the edge of the site. In the future, these two medical facilities can function as one. Other problem solving include cost analyses, construction phasing, rain water collection needs and capabilities, and other applications.
semester y: final critique Pictured Photographs from critique
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Final Critiques
semester y: final critique
In summation of a year of work, a final critique was held in Seaton Hall. Torgeir Norheim, Gary Coates, and Dr. Sager joined Dragoslav and Jim in commenting on our final work. Overall, they were pleased with the progression and thought the design had matured greatly. They praised the elegance and execution of the project. The conversation reflected on where this project could ultimately go. A fourth phase was suggested. This phase would include adding alternative power sources to replace the need for a diesel fuel generator. It was recommended to add a screen to block the entrance of gurneys passing through the waiting room. This could be resolved by using one of the garden screens used to secure the facility at night. It could simply rotate out to extend the existing ambulance drop off screen. The size and placement of windows could change the quality of ambient daylighting and emphasize the structure. How to improve upon our presentation was also advised. Although we spoke about cost estimations, showing these numbers is crucial when presenting to real clients. Expanding upon the versatility of conditioning throughout the building would have demonstrated the level of detail included in our design considerations. The year long process would benefit the overall evolution and understanding of the design.
149
[b]
amboo
What happens when
architects
start thinking like engineers?
semester [b]: preparation
154
Left 8ft. long bamboo poles
semester [b]: preparation
Vision In addition to the medical clinic designs, our studio also explored the opportunity to fabricate a structural system using the island’s local and easily accessible resources. This was a continuation of last year’s studio research. The system is a bamboo truss with fiberglass and resin connections. The goal was to design, build, and test these trusses to see if they could physically uphold the loads that would potentially be applied to them on the island. 155
Previous Work The 2012 graduate studio explored this structural system by constructing 2-eight foot trusses. The structural members were tested by using water weight. To their surprise, the trusses ended up holding more than 5,000 pounds (156psf) and deflecting only 3/16 inch. Considering the loading conditions that would exist on the island, this exceeded the required load giving the trusses a safety factor of three. semester [b]: preparation 156
semester [b]: preparation Top Left Organizing the pieces Bottom Left Checking measurements Right Lucas, Jacob, and Paul reflecting on the deflecting
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semester [b]: construction
158
Left Various steps in the process of fabricating a truss
Fabrication of fiberglassing the connections. Three strips of fiberglass tape, measuring five feet by one inch, were used at each connection to ensure maximum stability; to ensure the tape works best when plys lie perpendicular to one another. In order for the fiberglass and resin to cure properly, the ambient temperature needed to be 60 degrees. The process could not be completed inside considering the trusses were so large as well as the unsafe nature of inhaling the off gassing fumes. Living in Kansas, we had issues with this, as our weather does not seem to cooperate very often. In order to finish in time, we had to make a trek through the flooding campus, carrying two sixteen foot trusses to a garage where we finished construction. If only we could have documented the looks we got. But after a push of teamwork, they were completed and transported back to campus for testing.
semester [b]: construction
The fabrication process was a lengthy one. After receiving our first shipment of bamboo, we found that half of the pieces were completely split open. Phone calls were made, and a new shipment of bamboo was sent free of charge. While fabricating the trusses, we thought about the process in a way that could be implemented on the island. A chop saw was used to cut all the pieces at the correct angle and length in order to speed up the process, although it is a task that could be done by hand as well. In order to create smooth edges during this cutting process, tape was placed around the area being sawed which prevented the bamboo from splintering. Since bamboo is a natural and imperfect material, we had to be sure to match the diagonal web members similar in diameter so they would line up together as best as possible. After all the pieces were cut, the area around each end was “roughed up� using a metal file. This created a surface that the fiberglass could easily adhere to. A cradle was made to lay out each of the trusses, and that began the smelly, sticky process
159
semester [b]: construction
4’ 8 9/16”
7’ 4 15/16”
3’ 4 7/16”
4’ 8 9/16”
7’ 4 15/16”
3’ 4 7/16”
1’ 6”
15’ 9 15/16”
Calculations The dead load and wind load, based on the wind conditions in Roatán, requires the trusses to be able to support 40 pounds per square foot (psf). We constructed two separate sets of trusses for testing, one small pair, measuring 5 foot 3 inches to test the connections in a lab test and one 16 foot pair to test the material and deflection in a field test using water weight.
1’ 4 3/16”
160
x9
1’ 4 3/16” 1’ 4 3/16” 1’ 4 3/16” 1’ 4 3/16” 1’ 3 3/16”
1’ 4 3/16” 1’ 4 3/16”
4’ 8 9/16”
x4
7’ 4 15/16”
3’ 4 7/16”
1’ 6”
1’ 4 3/16”
1’ 6”
1’ 6”
1’ 6”
1’ 6”
x4
23 x 2 = 46 6 x 2 = 12 2 x 2 =4 2x2=4 2x2=4 2x2=4 4x2=8 2 x 2 =4
semester [b]: construction
1’ 6”
x2
3’ 4 7/16”
5’
x4
58 @ 1’ 4 3/16” 4 @ 4’ 8 9/16” 4 @ 7’ 4 15/16” 4 @ 3’ 4 7/16” 4 @ 5’ 8 @ 1’ 6” 4 @ ~12”
x1
Total = 24
Pictured Calculations and dimensions for trusses
161
semester [b]: testing Left Pressure applicator for testing strength of OWJ Top Right Fiberglass joint after member reached failure Center Right Cracked member after failure point
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Bottom Right Instrument measuring the deflection of the joists as pressure is added
Testing semester [b]: testing
The first test was on the 5 foot 3 inch trusses in the engineering lab to determine the breaking force. As mentioned, the trusses would have to support a load of 40 psf. With the trusses distanced 18 inches apart, the tributary area of each connection on the load bearing surface was calculated at 6 square feet. This meant each connection needed to hold at least 240 pounds during our test. It was desired that we reach a load where each connection would be supporting 480 pounds. In a typical wood structure, a safety factor of two is necessary in case an unexpected load is added (i.e. large storm). We went into the test hoping for it to hold at least double, but we achieved much more. A concentrated load was applied to the top six joints using three steel beams and a hydraulic pump. The trusses held 6,667 pounds before the failure point. This calculated out to show each connection held about 1100 pounds, giving us a safety factor of four. When the truss failed, we learned that the material failed first, while the connections remained intact.
163
Top Right Live load Left Beware, it’s Dragon! Bottom Center Adding load Right Measuring deflection
semester [b]: testing
Field Test The next test focused on testing the material reaction and measuring deflection using the 16 foot members. The trusses were set up after getting help from the facilities department who provided us with barrels to hold water and stakes to mark off the site. We braced the trusses, leveled the ground, and placed the decking. We were ready to begin the test. Sixteen trash bins weighing roughly fifteen pounds each were placed on the truss decking, and we began filling them up, starting with fifteen
gallons of water in each. When they were all filled, the total weight applied was calculated to be 2,001.6 pounds, not including the weight of the trash bins and decking. After this weight was added, deflection measured 0.4375 inches which checked out considering the allowable deflection before failure in this structure is 0.8 inches. During this test, the trusses held 31.3 psf. After considering the weight of the barrels and plywood supporting the barrels, it was determined that the trusses were currently supporting about 40psf.
This testing proved that our trusses could, in fact, hold the required weight. We wanted to push the load a little further, but we stopped the loading at this point to let the material settle before adding more weight. Unfortunately, something terrible happened shortly after the loading stopped. A loud pop notified us that something was wrong. When we fiberglassed the vertical end pieces that transfer the load to the ground, the members didn’t align properly. During fabrication, we planned for this
164
semester [b]: testing
piece to be the top member thus not bearing all of the load. Therefore, we thought this condition would be okay. However, while installing the trusses, they were flipped upside down, so all weight ended up bearing on the bottom horizontal chord of the truss which resulted in crushing. Despite the failure, we were able to display our findings up to this point at open house where many people were impressed by the lightweight nature of the material considering its strength. Saddened by the crushed bamboo and
determined to solve the issue, we unloaded the trusses and fiberglassed the broken piece, as well as other potential weak spots, so we could try loading again with more weight. After letting the trusses cure, and avoiding a late April snow storm, we proceeded to reload the trusses a few days later. Instead of filling the bins up to 15 gallons right off the bat, we started at 10 gallons this time to give the material time to set. After the water was added, it was calculated that the trusses were holding 1334.4 pounds
(20.85 psf) and showing a deflection of 0.5 inches, still passing the test. A couple days later, we added more weight to get back to the original 2001.6 pounds, and it successfully upheld the weight. However, it failed in deflection, measuring 0.63 inches on one truss and 1 inch on the other. The trusses remained loaded for the next few days. After 24 hours the deflection increased from 1.25 inches on the broken member and 0.69 inches on the other. These deflections stayed the same throughout the remainder of the test. 165
Pictured Studio 73 enjoying a view from the top
semester [b]: outcome 166
Results are excited to share these findings with the island, hopeful that they can incorporate this into their architecture. The next step in this research would be to fabricate these trusses with a larger depth to ensure that it would solve the deflection issue we were facing. It would be beneficial to explore if this means of construction could also be used as floor systems. In addition to these changes, research would need to be done to check the effects of UV rays and insects on the fiberglass and bamboo.
semester [b]: outcome
After four days, we removed the load of 40 pounds per square foot and the deflections on both trusses decreased. The repaired truss deflected 1 inch and the healthy truss deflected .44 inches. This illustrates that the materials and connections behave in an elastic manner. Some problems we faced during construction and testing included the nonuniform nature of the material and the splitting of the members. These difficulties were overcome, and we believe this system is something that can be utilized in Roatรกn. Following the testing of the 16 foot trusses, it was determined that at this length the trusses need to be deeper than the 1 foot 6 inches they currently are. After loading 2000 pounds, the trusses remained intact, but failed in deflection. It was determined that this could be prevented with a deeper truss. Our series of tests proved that this method of construction could be quite successful on the island. It is a method that can be used, constructed, and transported efficiently, and it has the potential to hold a large amount of weight. We
167
studio conclusion
168
To Conclude:
For the first time in our academic careers, we are not here to impress. We are here to impact human lives. The studio was based on REAL clients with REAL needs. From the beginning, we immersed ourselves in all aspects of an unknown place, Roatán. Through this process, we learned many things: compassion, collaboration, and contextualization.
COLLABORATION! It’s not easy. But it’s worth it. We used this process to look beyond our egos and work towards the greater good. Although there are many paths to the same destination, the journey is more worthwhile with good company, even if you have to take a detour or two. Good design arises out of need rather than personal desires. Identifying our strengths and weaknesses, we worked toward an ultimate goal. Many times we don’t have the answers; part of the journey is finding out where to look.
studio conclusion
COMPASSION! We’ve come to learn, compassion is contagious. Jim Jones has invested his heart in this island. We have observed his impact first-hand. He is an islander. With his guidance, we have adopted his love for the culture. Our love is expressed in our desire to give-back through design.
CONTEXTUALIZATION! Answers come out of experience. In order to know what questions to ask, you have to commit yourself to the place, the people, the culture. Design becomes a reaction. It’s in this reaction that we can evaluate ourselves. Working with a critical eye we developed what we believe is a successful solution to the island’s need, but it’s become more than a design. It is fulfilling a need, empathizing with a purpose, and becoming comfortable with exploring the unknown.
Reality Check! 169
Acknowledgements
the Yabarillos thank you for your generous support Professors Fifth Years Dragoslav Simic Veronica Adamova James Jones Garric Baker Jiaju Ding Research Assistant Naihao Fan Paul Elmore Tracy Ford Nathan Geier Kelsie Kremer Andre Pei Ashley Simpson Danielle Smith Andrew Stith Kelsey Vusich
Third Years Nicolas Baran Logan Carlyle James Chenault Eric Dernbach Jonathan Eden Anna Groppoli Wenjing Li Kelsey Lind Sarah McDonald Tianfang Si Alex Taylor Jenelle Tennigkeit Sammi Wai
Roatรกn Government Governor Shawn Hyde Mayor Julio Galindo Mayor Perry Bodden Mayor Wally Bodden
Kansas State Administration President Kirk Schulz Provost April Mason Associate Provost Marcelo Sabates Dean Tim De Noble Department Head Matt Knox
Roatรกn Architect Tricia Woods Roatรกn Engineer Mariela Bonilla
Manhattan Medical Robert D. Sager, DMD Luis M. Fuertes, LPN Diane Cable
Roatรกn Medical Jacqueline Woods Fermin Lรณpez, MD Alex Molina
Guest Consultant Bryan Bell, SEED
BLooPERS!