STUDIO: INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN
M. ARCH. I SEMESTER II (URBAN DESIGN)
Revitalization of Nala
Submitted By:
Aakanksha Prajapati - 18 (Dec 2019-June 2020)
M. ARCH. (URBAN DESIGN) A.A.E.R.T. & S.S.B
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE Sarvajanik College of Engineering & Technology (SCET) Dr. R. K. Desai Marg, Opp. Mission Hospital, Athwalines, Surat – 395 001
Revitalization of Nala 2020
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Aakanksha V. Prajapati has submitted the Report of M. Arch I - Semester II in the subject of studio “Inclusive & Sustainable Urban Design” as a mandatory requirement of M. Arch. (Urban Design) course, at Faculty of Architecture, Sarvajanik College of Engineering and Technology (SCET), Surat, for the academic year 2019 – 2020. Her/His work is found to be satisfactory for the purpose.
Prof. Bhavna Vimawala Faculty
Students Name: Aakanksha Prajapati Year: 2019-2020 Signature: Date:
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Prof. Vishal Shah Faculty
Revitalization of Nala 2020
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.I am highly indebted to Prof. Vishal Shah, Prof. Bhavana Vimawala and Prof. Vijal Patel for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in completing the project. I’d like to thank the rest of the faculties for their constant guidance and support. This dissertation would be incomplete without their critical analysis and recommendations. I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to my friends for their continuous guidance and encouragement, who willingly helped me out with their abilities.
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ABSTRACT
The main goal of the project is to push forward a design that is in relation to the theme of restoring ecology. The term ' restoring ecology ' refers to the act of renewing and restoring degraded or damaged ecosystem by active human intervention and action. Urban Design their plays an important role in providing design for healthy human life and helps to improve their surroundings. The issue of urbanization affect the ecology of the city in a way that, that place no longer is favourable to be live in.
River play an important role in shaping the growth of cities, as many across the world have originated by the banks of rivers. This river systems are used for irrigation, drainage and supply of potable water as well as they have a close relation with the social fabric. Pune city of India has witnessed rapid growth in urbanization and transformation processes in last three decades. Its origin dates back to at least two thousand years when it developed is fishing Hamlet on the Confluence of two rivers: Mula and Mutha. Mula-Mutha river in Pune is one of the most exposed water bodies to pollution because they carry Municipal and industrial waste. There are many other streams connected to the river which are running through City areas and are polluted and eventually polluting the river. This phenomenon has lead to the detachment of the city from the river. The restoration off water quality of river is the major challenge here.
This project acts as a suggestion for the hazardous activities happening on the Nala edges of Pune city. It is also response to the same issues for different cities where the condition of water system of the city is deteriorating. Therefore, this project envisage to to revive the ecology of nala by introducing the kind of development that should happen along the edges. Hence, the development introduced will be sustainable. As the site taken as demonstration area will be a kind of prototype explaining that how the Nala as should be treated by focusing on various aspects.
The report serves the purpose of demonstrating the ability of propose design scheme with the incorporation of site and contextual studies, planning and design Strategies and ecological concerns. Each aspect is hereafter broken down and analysed to ensure that the project develops in the most ecologically sound and viable manner.
Achievements form this design proposal will explain how the edge of the nala having various landuses should be treated and how it can be developed by involving public and keeping all the age groups in mind.
Revitalization of Nala 2020
Contents 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................10 1.1 Background .....................................................................................................................................................................10 1.2 Aim and objective of the project ...................................................................................................................................10 1.2.1 Aim of the project .....................................................................................................................................................10 1.2.2 Objective of the project ............................................................................................................................................10 1.3 Scope of the project.........................................................................................................................................................10 1.4 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................................................10 2. LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................................................................11 2.1 Casestudy - Study of kukrail nala, lucknow.................................................................................................................11 2.1.1 Introduction of the area ..............................................................................................................................................11 2.1.2 Concept Planning .........................................................................................................................................................11 2.1.3 Study area and issues...................................................................................................................................................11 2.1.4 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................................12 3. STUDY AREA PROFILE AND ANALYSIS..................................................................................................................13 3.1 Introduction and background .......................................................................................................................................13 3.2 Climatic condition ...........................................................................................................................................................14 3.2.1 Rainfall.......................................................................................................................................................................14 3.2.2 Surface Water ...........................................................................................................................................................14 3.2.3 Ground Water ...........................................................................................................................................................14 3.2.4 Evolution of river profile .........................................................................................................................................14 3.3 Comparison of Watersheds ............................................................................................................................................15 3.3.1 Ramnadi watershed ..................................................................................................................................................15 3.3.2 Nandoshi Watershed ................................................................................................................................................16 3.3.3 Ambil Odha ...............................................................................................................................................................16 3.3.4 Bhairoba Nala ...........................................................................................................................................................17 3.4 Issue Observed ................................................................................................................................................................18 3.5 Project Identification:.....................................................................................................................................................18 3.6 City level impact..............................................................................................................................................................18 3.7 Site Identification ............................................................................................................................................................19 3.8 Structure Plan .................................................................................................................................................................20 3.9 Existing Landuse .............................................................................................................................................................21 4. STRATEGIES AND DESIGN INTERVENTION .........................................................................................................22 4.1 Strategies ..........................................................................................................................................................................22 4.1.1 Planning Strategies ...................................................................................................................................................22 5
Revitalization of Nala 2020 4.2 Design Intervention.........................................................................................................................................................22 4.2.1 Master Plan ...............................................................................................................................................................22 4.3 Design Strategies .............................................................................................................................................................23 4.4 Ecological Concerns ........................................................................................................................................................23 4.5 Urban form ......................................................................................................................................................................25 4.6 Demonstration area ........................................................................................................................................................26 4.6.1 Study Area 1:.............................................................................................................................................................26 ..............................................................................................................................................................................................28 4.6.2
Study Area 2: .........................................................................................................................................................28
5. CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................................................................31 6. REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................................31
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Revitalization of Nala 2020
Content of Figures FIGURE 1.1 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY .............................................................................................................................10 FIGURE 3.1 NATURAL WATER SYSTEM OF PUNE.......................................................................................................................13 FIGURE 3.2 MUTHA RIGHT BANK CANAL ..................................................................................................................................13 FIGURE 3.3 MULA MUTHA NEAR PMC.....................................................................................................................................13 FIGURE 3.4 MUTHA RIVER NEAR OMKARESHWAR TEMPLE.....................................................................................................13 FIGURE 3.5 BHAIROBA NALA ....................................................................................................................................................13 FIGURE 3.6 MEAN PRECIPITATION OF PUNE.............................................................................................................................14 FIGURE 3.7 EVOLUTION OF RIVER THROUGHOUT THE YEAR ...................................................................................................14 FIGURE 3.8 EXISTING STATUS OF STREAMS ..............................................................................................................................14 FIGURE 3.9 MAJOR WATERSHEDS OF PUNE ..............................................................................................................................15 FIGURE 3.10 STREAM NETWORK OF RAMNADI.........................................................................................................................15 FIGURE 3.11 LU & LC THROUGH LANDSAT 5 (FEB. 1991) ......................................................................................................15 FIGURE 3.12 LU & LC THROUGH LANDSAT 8 (FEB. 2015) ......................................................................................................15 FIGURE 3.13 DEM OF NANDOSHI WATERSHED .......................................................................................................................16 FIGURE 3.14 LU & LC THROUGH LANDSAT 5 (FEB. 1991) ......................................................................................................16 FIGURE 3.15 LU & LC THROUGH LANDSAT 8 (FEB. 2015) ......................................................................................................16 FIGURE 3.16 DEM OF AMBIL ODHA .........................................................................................................................................17 FIGURE 3.17 LU AND LC THROUGH LANDSAT 5 (FEB. 1991) .................................................................................................17 FIGURE 3.18 LU AND LC THROUGH LANDSAT 8 (FEB. 2015) ..................................................................................................17 FIGURE 3.19 DEM OF BHAIROBA NALA ...................................................................................................................................17 FIGURE 3.20 LU AND LC THROUGH LANDSAT 5 (FEB. 1991) ..................................................................................................17 FIGURE 3.21 LU AND LC THROUGH LANDSAT 8 (FEB. 2015) ..................................................................................................17 FIGURE 3.22 DIAGRAMATIC UNDERSTANDING FOR NALA EDGE ..............................................................................................18 FIGURE 3.23 DIAGRAM FOR CITY LEVEL IMPACT ....................................................................................................................18 FIGURE 3.24 BASE MAP OF AMBIL ODHA .................................................................................................................................19 FIGURE 3.25 STREAM NETWORK OF AMBIL ODHA ..................................................................................................................19 FIGURE 3.26 SECTIONAL UNDERSTANDING FOR EXISTING NALA EDGE ...................................................................................19 FIGURE 3.27 NALA CONDITION - 1 ............................................................................................................................................20 FIGURE 3.28 BUILDING USE MAP OF AMBIL ODHA...................................................................................................................20 FIGURE 3.29 NALA CONDITION - 2 ............................................................................................................................................20 FIGURE 3.30 STRUCTURE PLAN .................................................................................................................................................20 FIGURE 3.31 ZONE A .................................................................................................................................................................21 FIGURE 3.32 ZONE B .................................................................................................................................................................21 FIGURE 3.33 ZONE C .................................................................................................................................................................21 FIGURE 3.34 EXISTING LANDUSE ..............................................................................................................................................21 FIGURE 4.1 STRATEGY 1 ............................................................................................................................................................22 FIGURE 4.2 STRATEGY 2 ............................................................................................................................................................22 FIGURE 4.3 PROPOSED MASTER PLAN ......................................................................................................................................23 FIGURE 4.4 VISUALIZATION OF URBAN FORM AROUND THE NALA EDGE ................................................................................25 FIGURE 4.5 DEMONSTRATION AREA 1 ......................................................................................................................................26 FIGURE 4.6 BUILT -OPEN ..........................................................................................................................................................26 7
Revitalization of Nala 2020 FIGURE 4.7 BUILDING HEIGHT..................................................................................................................................................26 FIGURE 4.8 ROAD DESIGN FOR 12 M ROAD ...............................................................................................................................27 FIGURE 4.9 ROAD HEIRARCHY .................................................................................................................................................27 FIGURE 4.10 GREEN COVER ......................................................................................................................................................27 FIGURE 4.11 ROAD SECTION .....................................................................................................................................................27 FIGURE 4.12 URBAN FORM VISUALIZATION ............................................................................................................................28 FIGURE 4.13 DEMONSTRATION AREA 2 ....................................................................................................................................28 FIGURE 4.14 SECTIONAL UNDERSTAND FOR PROPOSED DESIGN DEMONSTRATION FOR NALA EDGE ....................................29 FIGURE 4.15 DEVELOPMENT ALONG THE EDGE .......................................................................................................................30
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Revitalization of Nala 2020
Content of Table TABLE 3.1 COMPARATIVE LU AND LC (1991 AND 2015) .........................................................................................................16 TABLE 3.2 COMPARATIVE LU & LC (1991 AND 2015) ............................................................................................................16 TABLE 3.3 COMPARATIVE LU AND LC OF AMBIL ODHA (1991 AND 2015) ............................................................................17 TABLE 3.4 COMPARATIVE LU AND LC OF BHAIROBA NALA (1991 AND 2015).......................................................................18 TABLE 3.5 COMPARATIVE LU AND LC OF AMBIL ODHA (1991 AND 2015) ............................................................................19 TABLE 4.1 ECOLOGICAL CONCERNS FOR MASTER PLAN ........................................................................................................24
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Revitalization of Nala 2020
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background India is endowed with extraordinary diverse traditional water bodies found in different part of the country. They play an important role in maintaining and restoring the call logical balance. However, they help in shaping the growth of the city. People in India are not aware of the climatic change happening because of the activities they have done. Urbanization has led to creation of more concrete structures by occupying the open lands. Increase in these concrete structures is the reason behind degradation of land. Same way, nowadays even the water bodies are affected due to the illegal construction happening. The water bodies are lost or decreased because human activities are increasing day by day. We are lacking in providing interest after all the treatment that could preserve this water-body. The largest source of water pollution in India is untreated sewage. The surface water in India is polluted due to industries, untreated sewage and solid waste. In order to achieve the goal of revival of water bodies, it is important to understand that one solution may not fit all the water-bodies. Depending on the purpose, ecological services, livelihood and socio-cultural practices, the approach will vary from one water body to another. In current scenario, Pune has originated on the confluence of Mula-Mutha river, and therefore the river contributes much more in the growth of the city. The natural water system of pune is spread all over the city. But due to rapid growth of the city, the green cover is decreasing and the water quality is deteriorating.
1.2 Aim and objective of the project 1.2.1 Aim of the project
The aim is to restore the ecology at Nala scale by developing green corridor and regenerating urban form by providing sustainable neighbourhood along the edge.
1.2.2 Objective of the project
To study the water system of the city To identify the major watersheds. To identify the issues regarding the condition of nallas. To study existing condition of surrounding neighbourhood. To understand the ecological concerns to be implemented. To understand the guidelines regarding development along the nala edge.
1.3 Scope of the project • Goal is achieve the green corridor, which will serve the purpose of restoring ecology by creating a sustainable neighborhood with the appropriate development along the edge by involving local public and providing a neighborhood open spaces for them to relax which will also provide connectivity at neighborhood level and would become a pedestrian friendly spaces.
1.4 Methodology
Background of the Project
Aim, Objective and Scope
Literature Review
Casestudy
Data collection
Data Analysis
Primary data •Area study •Observation
Secondary data •Related guidelines •Existing data given by pmc
Figure 1.1 Methodology of the Study
•
The following order (Figure 1.1) will be taken into consideration for the further study.
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Proposal
Conclusion
Revitalization of Nala 2020
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Casestudy - Study of kukrail nala, lucknow 2.1.1 Introduction of the area
Figure 2.1 Landuse map of Lucknow
The study concerns the development of partial stretch of Kukrail Nala starting from the bridge on the Nala on Faizabad Road to a culvert on the Nala on Ring Road in Lucknow. The main access to the site is from a 40 meter wide Ring Road on the northern side. The site (Figure 2.1) has positive potential for development as it is enclosed with residential areas. A 7.5 meter wide embankment runs along the eastern periphery of the site. This landform is slightly contoured with a slope towards the southern side. Wild vegetation, bushes and scanty grasslands without many trees is present on the site. The total site area available for development is 125 acres. The site is surrounded by unplanned residential zone, basically of lower middle income group(Figure 2.4). Residences comprise of two to three floor structures. he area lacks major commercial space for the residents, except for one unplanned road which results
in traffic congestion and creates pollution.
2.1.2 Concept Planning The concept of urban sustainability is kept in mind while preparing the conceptual proposal for development of Kukrail Nala stretch(Figure 2.2). The three triads considered for achieving urban sustainability are environmental stability, social adaptability, and economic viability.Site will serve as a breathing space for surrounding residential areas as a majority of it is developed as green. This will enhance micro-climate of adjoining areas. Theme park, sports complex and an underground Substrata market will act as major revenue generators as well as providing residents and shoppers enjoyable recreational facilities.Sports complex, jogging track and yoga center attracts residents and find unique opportunities for them to relax. Zoning has been done as per the UDPFI Guidelines, Ministry of Urban Affairs and Employment, Government of India. The site is divided into three parts (Figure 2.3). Figure 2.2 Concept Planning Part A: Office Zone: It is located near the ring road. It has good economic viability as it is in close proximity to main road. Part B and Part D: Commercial Zone: This zone will serve as major shopping hub for the nearby surrounding areas. This zone combines all scattered shopping areas into one zone. It will Figure 2.3 Zoning Plan serve as major means of revenue generator for the site. Part C and Part E: Recreational Zone: This area will serve as the breathing space for the surrounding residential areas. Absence of any major park and green areas justifies its location.It will also help in maintaining overall micro-climate of the site and nearby areas.
2.1.3 Study area and issues Issues The key issues to be considered while developing the site are: - To develop the site as a breathing space for highly dense residential zone. - Proposing environment friendly landscape, which makes the scheme more viable. - Maintaining the existing topography and natural environment of the site. - To harvest rainwater and use the same for landscaping.
Figure 2.4 Study Area
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As per the given program, the proposal meets the criteria on the following grounds: - The embankment on the site periphery connects the Faizabad road with Ring Road. Besides, it also provides very soothing and natural atmosphere for the pedestrian movement. - The proposal includes all types of developments viz. commercial, residential and recreational without disturbing the natural topography and environment of the area. - The northern portion of the site has more builtup area as compared with the southern portion. - There is already a park (breathing space) for Indiranagar adjacent to Ring Road, but as per Fig. 7: Plan of Part C (Amusement Park our surveys and requirements of the residents, there is no commercial shopping
Revitalization of Nala 2020 center located in that area. -The southern portion of the site has theme based parks, jogger’s park and weekly bazaar. They all commensurate with the natural topography and runoff the Nala stretch to give the development an organic character and suitable for pedestrian movement.
Figure 2.5 Part A and Part B
Figure 2.6 Plan of Part C
Figure 2.7 Part D and Part E
- All private sector players will get attracted to the site, as it is located in the heart of the city with very dense population and attractive economic feasibility. - On the extreme southern portion of the site, which is adjacent to Faizabad road, the rehabilitation clusters for the slum population are proposed.
2.1.4 Conclusion Demand for urban spaces will grow with the passage of time, which is likely to result in encroachment of open spaces. Hence there is an urgent need to develop green breathing spaces in between high density areas thereby providing healthy environment to urban dwellers. The proposal tries to create hale and hearty environment for the highly dense residential areas surrounding Kukrail Nala. The project will also generate revenue from commercial and recreational activities, which makes it economically viable.
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Revitalization of Nala 2020
3. STUDY AREA PROFILE AND ANALYSIS 3.1 Introduction and background Pune’s history dates back to thousand years and today it is the second largest city in Maharashtra and a hub of education and corporate careers. Home to a fairly young population and surrounded by several beautiful hill stations, Pune has managed to preserve its historic heritage while making way for the contemporary. It isn’t only the ninth most populous city but also one of the most livable places in India today. But, Urbanization is led by haphazard development, resulting into harsh climate change impacts. Urbanization alters river ecology in and downstream of cities, harming aquatic systems and prompting efforts to protect, rehabilitate, and even fully restore urban streams. As it is situated on the confluence of MulaMutha river, this river plays an important role in shaping the growth of pune city. Pune has emerged as a prominent location for manufacturing industries, and has now been recognized as the information technology hub and education hub of the country. Recent illustration about Pune city highlights the river as common elements between old and new parts of the city , Figure 3.1 Natural water system of Pune
where this common reference point between the two in state of neglect.
Above map shows (Figure 3.1) the natural water system of Pune, which includes nala network that gathers water from upstream and gradually intersects with the canal and mula-mutha river. This corridor would serve as a spine of the areas they are situated in by creating different spaces and connecting various landuse. It merges with the adjacent urban fabric and natural system. It would enhance the public health, creates fun and enjoyable public spaces for locals, and would raise the bar for sustainable development. The condition of nala is degrading day by day which can be seen in pictures below (Figure 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 & 3.5).
Figure 3.2 Mutha right bank canal
Figure 3.4 Mutha river near Omkareshwar temple
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Figure 3.3 Mula Mutha near PMC
Figure 3.5 Bhairoba Nala
Revitalization of Nala 2020 3.2 Climatic condition 3.2.1 Rainfall
The city receives an annual rainfall of 722 mm (28.4 inches) between June and September as the result of southwest monsoon. July is the wettest month of the year. Though the rainfall is comparatively lower than that in the adjoining city area, steady spells of heavy rain frequently disrupt normal life in the city(Figure 3.6). In the year of 2013, Pune city has on record received rainfall 774.1 mm. 3.2.2 Surface Water
The surface water is the prime source of water supply in Pune city which include rivers Mula and Mutha, Dams Khadakwasla, Panshet, Warasgaon and Temghar dams and lakes Pashan and Katraj.
Figure 3.6 Mean precipitation of Pune Source : IMD- Pune
3.2.3 Ground Water Ground water is also another important source for meeting the water supply demand of Pune. There are around 399 dug wells and 4,820 bore wells. Depth of bore wells in Pune city is of approximately 10.5-13.0 meters. Pre-monsoon level of ground water table is 6.2 meters while after monsoon it becomes 4 meters. 3.2.4 Evolution of river profile
Sewage does not flow in the river but due to factors, pollutants, are now separated
Dry season: The river starts to dry
During Pre-monsoon : The river are not capable of keeping their flow wide.
River’s flow during monsoon
Barrages retain the water
Post monsoon, festival takes place
Figure 3.7 Evolution of river throughout the year
Figure 3.8 Existing status of streams
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Revitalization of Nala 2020 3.3 Comparison of Watersheds Study area is occupied by two major river basins, the Mula river basin and the Mutha river basin. There are six major sub basins Nandoshi, Ram Nadi, Wagholi, Ambil Odha, Bhairoba Nala and Wadki nala (Figure 3.9) out of which, four major sub basins Nandoshi, Ram Nadi, Ambil Odha and Bhairoba Nala are considered for watershed analysis. These watershed areas are having rapid urbanization since year 1980 to 2015.
Figure 3.9 Major watersheds of Pune 3.3.1 Ramnadi watershed
Figure 3.10 Stream network of Ramnadi
Figure 3.11 LU & LC through Landsat 5 (feb. 1991)
Figure 3.12 LU & LC through Landsat 8 (Feb. 2015)
The Ram Nadi (rivulet) drains a catchment of 50.95 Sq.Km. It is located to the north-west of Pune City. Ram Nadi watershed area largely consists of moderate to gently sloping plane, with massive rock basalt combination. As one moves in the downstream direction towards Baner and Aundh residuals clearly indicate negative signs of availability of waterbodies. No sign of urbanization observed in this region, traditional agricultural practices can be observed in this area. Agricultural activities, vegetation has decreased and most of the barren land is converted into the human settlements. The width of the river channel has decreased by illegal construction activity dumping of construction debris near the confluence of Ram Nadi and Mula River. Due to reduction in width of Ram Nadi its channel is burdened by fluctuating volume of water causing harmful conditions for surroundings.
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Revitalization of Nala 2020 Table 3.1 Comparative LU and LC (1991 and 2015)
3.3.2 Nandoshi Watershed
The rivulet in Nandoshi drains a catchment of 15.93 sq.km. Stream in Nandoshi and Wanjalewadi village area residuals clearly indicate negative signs for water bodies cover. This region is occupied by villages with rural settlements. Fairly dense mix jungle converted in open jungle in last 25 years. 6 Hectares area at upstream and 11 Hectares area at downstream region shows the negative residuals vegetation cover. In 1991 most of the land was uander agriculture but rapid growth of urbanization till 2015 changes the landuse pattern of this area. Agricultural activities are found towards northern side near the water body while the settlement has saturated in the middle part and vegetation is on the hill slope on southern side.
Figure 3.13 DEM of Nandoshi Watershed
Figure 3.14 LU & LC through Landsat 5 (Feb. 1991)
Figure 3.15 LU & LC through Landsat 8 (Feb. 2015)
Table 3.2 Comparative LU & LC (1991 and 2015)
Nandoshi is an area surrounded by hills at south. These hills have good amount of vegetation cover. The only two classes are vegetation and settlements with an increase of nearly 7% and 12% in these two decades respectively. 3.3.3 Ambil Odha
The Ambil Odha (rivulet) drains a catchment of 30.02 sq.km. This watershed area consists of Katraj area, Dhankawadi, Sahakar Nagar, Navi eth area of Pune city and three villages at southern part of watershed. The water from the upper catchment areas gets accumulated in a reservoir known as Katraj Lake from where the rivulet flows. Around 2015 settlement area has increased by 8.94%, i.e. as compared to the area 1991. It is observed that the southern and eastern part area newly developed residential area. During last 25 years growth of settlements reached up to the lower hills of Bhilarewadi. This encroachment of the hills has resulted into the loss of vegetation and causing hill slop alteration. Upper hilly area is still free from the human interference but lower hills area having fewer radiant is slowly populating. Massive construction activity with unplanned development has hampered the whole stream network.
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Revitalization of Nala 2020
Figure 3.17 LU and LC through Landsat 5 (Feb. 1991)
Figure 3.16 DEM of Ambil Odha
Figure 3.18 LU and LC through Landsat 8 (Feb. 2015)
Table 3.3 Comparative LU and LC of Ambil Odha (1991 and 2015)
3.3.4 Bhairoba Nala
The Bhairoba nala (rivulet) drains a catchment of 27.78 sq.km. This watershed area consists of Kondhwa area, Pune Cantonment, Bibewadi, Fatima Nagar in Pune city and a village Yewalewadi. The physical features account nearly 58.56% of the total area and Human interference was on 41.44%. Physical features have occupied 39.5% and Human activities are presently on 60.5% of the total area.
Figure 3.19 DEM of Bhairoba Nala
Figure 3.20 LU and LC through Landsat 5 (Feb. 1991)
Figure 3.21 LU and LC through Landsat 8 (Feb. 2015)
Pune Cantonment is at the northern part of Bhairoba nala watershed area. Due to settlements along border of cantonment area are restricted in spread, the density of settlements is increasing towards to Pune station area. But other areas like Bibvewadi near to the central part and Yewalewadi in the south were covered by Barren land and Vegetation. Slum areas of Kondhwa have extend Katraj-Kondhwa road. Part of ring road of Pune city is also responsible for development of educational institutes with their campus along this road.
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Revitalization of Nala 2020 Table 3.4 Comparative LU and LC of Bhairoba Nala (1991 and 2015)
Bhairoba nala originates from Bapdev ghat range in the south of Pune.Increasing quarry activities at foothills of this hill range are responsible for slope alteration, stream diversion or stream non-existence and air and noise pollution. During rainy season due to blockage of natural flow of streams, flash flooding is observed in this area.
3.4 Issue Observed As deforestation occurs in the hills the water in the streams that once flowed throughout the year becomes seasonal. This leads to flash floods in the rains and a shortage of water once the streams dry up after the monsoon. Nalas are inherently decentralised demarcate the low ground and have great potential to hold water. City’s untreated sewage being carried into the river through these nalas. Irrigation canals and nalas passing through various parts of the city have become garbage dumping hills. Major reason behind the polution of river is discharge of untreated domestic waste water due to inadequate sewage treatment capacity. Nalas are spaces that has been abandoned and unsafe from years beacuse of garbage dumped. Nala network has gradually become an important system integrating urban rural areas, and surounding nature.
3.5 Project Identification: Goal is to regenerate and restore the ecology of nala scale. Green corridor will help to bring back the ecology to its original level, as well as the overall green cover of pune will increase. Because of the nallah development, the systems can be introduced which can bring water here throughout the year. Nalas are space that has been abandoned and unsafe from years and need to get retained because the condition of nalas is affecting the neighbourhood habitats. Developing green corridor will change the micro climate of area (Figure 3.22). It merges with the adjacent urban fabric and natural system. It merges with the adjacent urban fabric and natural system. It would enhance the public health, creates fun and enjoyable public spaces for locals, and would raise the bar for sustainable development.
Figure 3.22 Diagramatic understanding for nala edge
3.6 City level impact Pune sees nala as drainage gutter for dumping. Also they face problem relating to encroachment of informal settlements, water pollution and concretization of many of waterways. This corridor would serve as a spine of the areas they are situated in by creating different spaces and connecting various landuses. Lighter the colour, lesser impact on the area (Figure 3.23).
Figure 3.23 Diagram for City level impact
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Revitalization of Nala 2020 3.7 Site Identification The Ambil Odha drains a catchment of 30.02 sq km. This watershed area consists of Katraj area, Dhankawadi, Sahakar Nagar, Navi peth area of Pune city. Construction activities have been increasing from last 20 years. Most of the agricultural land as well as hill slopes of this area are covered with urban settlements since last 15 years. In this watershed there are four water reservoirs Bhilarewadi, Gujar Nimbalkarawadi. Area around this water body is highly populated with dense unplanned settlements, which affect the vegetation nearby(Figure 3.24). The total Ambil odha watershed area is occupied by urban as well as rural settlements, the agricultural land is converted into settlements. Due to covering of natural land with concrete and tar road water percolation decreased and surface runoff increased. City’s sewage line is connected with Ambil odha, so water contamination with sewage water is become major issue in this area. There are few public spaces along the nala, which may get affected because of the present condition of nala. There is a park developed by PMC, a well-developed butterfly park, which need a good environment to relax.
Figure 3.24 Base map of Ambil Odha
Figure 3.25 Stream Network of Ambil Odha
Table 3.5 Comparative LU and LC of Ambil Odha (1991 and 2015)
Figure 3.26 Sectional understanding for existing nala edge
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Revitalization of Nala 2020
Figure 3.27 Nala condition - 1
Figure 3.29 Nala condition - 2 Figure 3.28 Building use map of Ambil Odha
It mostly consists of residential and commercial premises around(Figure 3.28). Therefore, it is necessary to revitalize this nala for the better ecology and for a better perspective for people living around. In pictures, we can see the condition of nalas, due to deterioration, it even stinks at times, and having public place along it might harm the environment.
3.8 Structure Plan Currently the area consists of 5% recreational area and 4% of the area is occupied by slums and an encroachment is not monitored in the buffer zone. The edge can be developed in 3 zones keeping in mind. Zone A: (Figure 3.31) This area consists of most of the offices and commercial complexes on the edge. Therefore, it should be developed as a more relaxing spaces along with public walkway. More emphasis should be given on pedestrian movement. Also there are many restaurants on the edge which can be converted into food joint and a chain of restaurants can be developed with well-developed and connected nala edge. Activities included : - Pedestrian walkway - Well-maintained Greenways - Shaded seating spaces - Tea/Coffee stall - Food joint - Cycle track Zone B: (Figure 3.32) This area consists of residential development on both the edges of nala. This area should have more number of accessibility towards edge and active spaces and a walkway in continuation should be developed. Activities included : - Pedestrian walkway - Well-maintained Garden
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Figure 3.30 Structure plan
Revitalization of Nala 2020 - Shaded seating spaces - Greenways - Exercising equipment - Children’s play area - Public art - Cycle track Zone C: (Figure 3.33) This consists of religeous spaces around with an existing public park so this could be developed by integrating the existing green park with the nala edge and continuing it further. Activities included : - Pedestrian walkway - Well-maintained Garden - Shaded seating spaces - Greenways - Bird watching
Figure 3.31 Zone A Figure 3.32 Zone B
Figure 3.33 Zone C
3.9 Existing Landuse This map shows the neighborhood of the selected site area which will be resolved by implementing various strategies and guidelines regarding the future development. We can observe that the balance between commercial and other landuses is not appropriate. And the nala edge is mostly occupied by slums which is not appropriate for the edge of the nala. Therefore how the nala edge and surrounding should be developed can be seen in the proposed landuse (Figure 3.34).
Figure 3.34 Existing landuse
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4. STRATEGIES AND DESIGN INTERVENTION 4.1 Strategies 4.1.1 Planning Strategies
1. Provide public access, connections, and recreational uses. Easy access is vital to draw people to this corridor. Visual connections to the nala edge from nearby commercial and residential areas also are important. 2.
Providing urban housing solution to existing slums and encroachments to achieve equity and enhance their quality of life.
3.
Conserving adjacent green spaces and integrating it with nala edge thus enhancing the environmental quality.
4.
Bamboo fencing at some intervals to capture waste from water.
5. Trails and pathways can be defined as walkways that are off-road and often shared by a variety of users, including pedestrians, joggers, bicyclists, rollerbladers, etc. 6.
A pedestrian bridge that effectively connects neighborhoods over a freeway.
7. Provide pedestrian and bicycle paths within open spaces that serve for both recreational and transportation needs, weaving paths for the sake of design should be avoided- a straight line is the most efficient way for pedestrians to walk. 8. Public art should be located so as to be a pedestrian amenity. A piece can act as a focal point in a park or plaza or present a “surprise” along a pedestrian path rewarding only the passerby. 9. Up to 15m from nala edge, buffer zone should be provided which can also be developed as recreational zone. And after buffer zone upto 60 m, only low-rise buildings will be permissible. (Figure 4.1) 10.
Dedicated space for neighborhood pocket parks will be provided. (Figure 4.2)
Figure 4.1 Strategy 1
Figure 4.2 Strategy 2
4.2 Design Intervention 4.2.1 Master Plan
The concept of the master plan is to create a green corridor along the nala egde with public involvement which will be used as recreational area catering various activities and uses. Designed in such a way that all the streets is directed towards nala to increase accessibility towards the edge especially for pedestrians. The buffer zone shown in dark green patch along the nala will be non-buildable area upto 15m from the edge and up to 60m low-rise buildings will be permissible (Fig xx). The main Sinhgad road will work as a commercial corridor behind which the slum rehabilitation will be done. Also dedicated space for neighborhood pocket parks will be provided (Figure 4.3).
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Figure 4.3 Proposed Master plan
4.3 Design Strategies 1.
Identify different nala section along the stretch and design appropriately to limit further urban growth.
2.
Integrating open space with nala edge to promote public accessibility.
3.
Designing of public landscaped walkways, urban furniture, etc to improve social aspects.
4.
Site developed as an active recreational zone will generate revenue for development of land.
5.
Adding jogging track would attract residents and find a unique opportunity for them to relax.
6.
Multiple access points to the edges can maximize the confluence of water and people around.
7.
Pathways should be well-lit and have uninterrupted lines-of-sight to improve visibility and safety.
8.
Pathways should be designed with materials like permeable paving.
9.
All the commercial building shall come in green building.
4.4 Ecological Concerns With all the strategies for the demonstration area, ecological concerns will also be integrated within the design for the purpose of restoring ecology taking different aspects into consideration. Ecological concerns are as follows:
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Revitalization of Nala 2020 Table 4.1 Ecological Concerns for Master Plan
Sr. no.
Ecological concern
1. Greenways Will be provided in gardens and on walkways along the edge.
2. Passive Irrigation Directs storm water to the surface of landscaped areas and tree pits provides irrigation to the plants and reduces storm water runoff into local drains and citywide streams.
3. Energy Efficiency Retrofitting both existing and proposed buildings to high energy efficiency standards.
4. Pocket Parks Provided to balance the micro climate of the neighborhood.
5. Rain Garden It has a special soil filter media that can remove pollutants from road runoff. Configure plant and soil filtration system as garden beds or streets tree pits such that they are designed to treat storm water runoff.
6. Green Roof System For all the commercial to reduce the flow of rainwater.
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Revitalization of Nala 2020 7. Buffer Zone Provided between built and nala to restrict the development and encroachment, and it will also work as rain garden.
8. Grassed strip Used in residential to reduce water runoff from urban areas.
9. Permeable paving It allows rainfall to move through the pavement to the soil beneath and provide water to landscape areas nearby. Will be used on walkways and footpaths in the city.
4.5 Urban form After implementing all the strategies and guidelines, goal is to achieve below shown visualization. The kind of urban form imagined around the nala edge. (Figure 4.4)
Figure 4.4 Visualization of Urban Form around the nala edge
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Revitalization of Nala 2020 4.6 Demonstration area The demonstration area (Figure 4.5) is of 0.1 sqkm showing overall distribution of land for built and open spaces. It also shows how the nala edge and surrounding should be developed. Built includes the residential, commercial and mixed use which covers around 10% from the overall area but also to serve the purpose of ecology restoration, minimum built up is encouraged for the development (Figure 4.6). Also the streets are differentiated in 3 different typologies for the sake of localite’s which are directed towards the edge so that the connectivity can be increased (Figure 4.9). More tree plantation on roads because trees and vegetation have been found to reduce urban noise and also it is 5-6 times more effective in managing storm water (Figure 4.8).
4.6.1 Study Area 1:
Figure 4.5 Demonstration Area 1
Figure 4.6 Built -Open
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Figure 4.7 Building Height
Revitalization of Nala 2020
Figure 4.9 Road Heirarchy
Figure 4.10 Green Cover
Figure 4.8 Road Design for 12 m road
Around 21% of green cover has been provided. This green cover is provided in different forms(Figure 4.10) : 1. Green parks along the walkway. 2. Buffer zone between built and nala edge. 3. Buffer zone provided in urban areas, such as in tree pits, or buffer zone on rear side of built structures. Along the walkways, local flora of Pune will be used such as, 1. Vachellia nilotica : Native tree found in Pune in suburban areas are used for proposed green cover. 2. Pterospermum acerifolium: Used in garden areas along the nala edge. also in the pocket parks proposed in dense areas.
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Figure 4.11 Road section
Revitalization of Nala 2020
Figure 4.12 Urban Form Visualization
4.6.2
Study Area 2:
Figure 4.13 Demonstration Area 2
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Revitalization of Nala 2020 Fig. 4.13 shows the design demonstration for the nala edge as a prototype. Throughout the nala edge, different areas have been provided as shown which includes play area for children, tea stalls for people working and offices to relax and food joints for people to enjoy open Garden restaurants. Also along the edge, continuous pedestrian walkway with the permeable paving which allows water to percolate have been provided with the cycle track beside, with the greenways to separate both of them for the safety of localites. At certain intervals, food courts are provided with the dedicated space for children entertainment apart from Green parks. Also for the neighbourhood connectivity bridges having provided between the opposite edges.
Figure 4.14 Sectional Understand for Proposed design demonstration for Nala edge
The above section shows, keeping flood conditions during rainy season in mind, level difference for the pedestrian walkways and cycle tracks have been given so in case water level rises, then also this walkways and parks will be open for public. Because of public access and less Awareness of cleanliness, at every one kilometer the bridge provided will consist of iron mesh plate beneath to separate solid waste or garbage disposals thrown by people from the water and allowing clean water to flow into the river. Also to alert the cyclist about the pedestrian crossing at certain interval, the science will be drawn on the tracks itself.
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Revitalization of Nala 2020
Figure 4.15 Development along the edge
v
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Revitalization of Nala 2020
5. CONCLUSION 1. Minimum built up with more open spaces is encouraged so that the micro climate remains balanced. 2. Public realm along the nala edge serves the purpose of connecting neighborhood as well as an opportunity for joggers and cyclists to to enjoy the perplexing activity with the natural surroundings. 3. Ecological concerns will help in restoring the lost ecology of Pune. 4. Also beneficial for pedestrians to have shaded walkways to reach their destination. 5. Also the systems implemented on the walkways and bridges will improve the water quality in near future.
6. REFERENCES 1. Drainage basin and urban change 2. A Conceptual Approach for Development of Kukrail Nala, Lucknow 3. Impact of urbanization on geographic environment of Pune and surrounding, 2016 4. Draft City Development Plan for Pune City 2041 Vol-1 5. Socio- Economic survey of Pune city 6. Urban and regional development plans formulation and implementation. 2014 7. Prediction of spatial patterns of urban dynamics in Pune, India 8. River development for Mula, Muta and Mula-Mutha river, Pune by PMC. 9. Physiochemical analysis of Mula-Mutha river Pune. 10. Benefits of Urban Park 11.Riverside restoration – city planner’s viewpoint: case of Mutha riverfront, Pune, India. 31
