LEITH WALK SLAB by Antoine Miha (Anikeev)

LEITH WALK SLAB AND LEITH SPECIAL ECONOMIC DISTRICT ANTON ANIKEEV

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: TECTONICS EDINBURGH SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 2014

CONTENTS 4 INTRODUCTION 10 THE PROJECT 12 SITE 15 PROPOSAL

SCOTLAND The total area: 78,772 sqm (comparable to the size of the Czech Republic) POPULATION: 5,313,600 There are many more people with Scottish ancestry living abroad than the total population of Scotland. In the 2000 Census, 9.2 million Americans self-reported some degree of Scottish descent. Ulster’s Protestant population is mainly of lowland Scottish descent, and it is estimated that there are more than 27 million descendants of the Scots-Irish migration now living in the US. In Canada, the Scottish-Canadiancommunity accounts for 4.7 million people. About 20% of the original European settler population of New Zealand came from Scotland. CAPITAL: EDINBURGH GDP (NOMINAL): $235 billion (9,5% of total GDP UK) Scotland has a western style open mixed economy closely linked with the rest of Europe and the wider world. Traditionally, the Scottish economy has been dominated by heavy industry underpinned by shipbuilding in Glasgow, coal mining and steel industries. Petroleum related industries associated with the extraction of North Sea oil have also been important employers from the 1970s, especially in the north east of Scotland. De-industrialisation during the 1970s and 1980s saw a shift from a manufacturing focus towards a more service-oriented economy. Edinburgh is the financial services centre of Scotland and the sixth largest financial centre in Europe in terms of funds under management, behind London, Paris, Frankfurt, Zurich and Amsterdam, with many large finance firms based there, including: Lloyds Banking Group (owners of the Halifax Bank of Scotland); the Government owned Royal Bank of Scotlandand Standard Life. In 2005, total Scottish exports (excluding intra-UK trade) were provisionally estimated to be £17.5 billion, of which 70% (£12.2 billion) were attributable to manufacturing. Scotland’s primary exports include whisky, electronics and financial services. The United States, Netherlands, Germany, France and Spain constitute the country’s major export markets.Scotland’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), including oil and gas produced in Scottish waters, was estimated at £150 billion for the calendar year 2012. If Scotland became independent, it would hold 95% of the UK’s current oil and gas reserves if they were split geographically using a median line from the English-Scottish border. If the reserves were split by population, that figure would be reduced to 9%. Scotland also has up to 25% of Europe’s renewable energy potential. CLIMATE: The climate of Scotland is temperate and oceanic, and tends to be very changeable. As it is warmed by the Gulf Stream from the Atlantic, it has much milder winters (but cooler, wetter summers) than areas on similar latitudes, for example Labrador, southern Scandinavia, the Moscow region in Russia, and the Kamchatka Peninsula on the opposite side of Eurasia. However, temperatures are generally lower than in the rest of the UK, with the coldest ever UK temperature of −27.2 °C recorded at Braemar in the Grampian Mountains, on 11 February 1895. Winter maxima average 6 °C in the Lowlands, with summer maxima averaging 18 °C. The highest temperature recorded was 32.9 °C at Greycrook, Scottish Borders on 9 August 2003. 4

EDINBURGH and LEITH

Edinburgh Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, situated in Lothian on the southern shore of the Firth of Forth. It is the second most populous city in Scotland and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. The population in 2012 was 482,640 (817, 800 urban). Edinburgh’s relatively buoyant economy, traditionally centred on banking and insurance but now encompassing a wide range of businesses, makes it the biggest financial centre in the UK after London. Many Scottish companies have established their head offices in the city. Early 20th century population growth coincided with lower-density suburban development. As the city expanded to the south and west, detached and semi-detached villas with large gardens replaced tenements as the predominant building style. Nonetheless, the 2001 census revealed that over 55% of Edinburgh’s population were still living in tenements or blocks of flats, a figure in line with other Scottish cities, but much higher than other British cities, and even central London. EDINBURGH ECONOMY Edinburgh has the strongest economy of any city in the United Kingdom outside of London and the highest percentage of professionals in the UK with 43% of the population holding a degree-level or professional qualification. According to the Centre for International Competitiveness, it is the most competitive large city in the United Kingdom. It also has the highest gross value added per employee of any city in the UK outside London, measuring £57,594 in 2010. It was named European Best Large City of the Future for Foreign Direct Investment and Best Large City for Foreign Direct Investment Strategy in the Financial Times magazine awards 2012/13. Known primarily for brewing, banking, and printing and publishing in the 19th century, Edinburgh’s economy is now based mainly on financial services, scientific research, higher education, and tourism. As of March 2010 unemployment in Edinburgh is comparatively low at 3.6%, and remains consistently below the Scottish average of 4.5%. Edinburgh is the 2nd most visited city by foreign visitors in the UK after London.

LEITH

Leith was historically the port of Edinburgh, an arrangement of unknown date that was reconfirmed by the royal charter Robert the Bruce granted to the city in 1329. The port developed a separate identity from Edinburgh, which to some extent it still retains, and it was a matter of great resentment when the two burghs merged in 1920 into the county of Edinburgh. Even today the parliamentary seat is known as “Edinburgh North and Leith”. The loss of traditional industries and commerce (the last shipyard closed in 1983) has resulted in economic decline. The Edinburgh Waterfront development, which has transformed the old dockland into a residential area with leisure amenities, has helped rejuvenate the area. With the redevelopment, Edinburgh has gained the business of cruise liner companies which now provide cruises to Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands. In 2012, the City of Edinburgh Council announced a programme of environmental improvements which will see £5.5 million spent on the area over the next two years.

LEITH WALK and THE SITE

the six largest financial centreS OF Europe

LONDON

PARIS

FRANKFURT

? AMSTERDAM

ZURICH

EDINBURGH

ARCHITECTURE IN EDINBURGH

? YESTERDAY

TODAY

TOMMOROW

THE PROJECT: Leith Special Economic (and Cultural) District The project statement

the brief

This project aimS to explore the possibilities that could be presented as part of Leith’s transformation into a La Defense of Edinburgh; combining ideas of the contemporary scientific, cultural and economic condensers, the project aims to explore the ways how private and public life, leisure, education and work can be combined at one location and how such a location can be a starting point for the regeneration of the area. The theses of this proposal is, first of all – that economics today is a driving force of regeneration, and is the key for architectural, cultural and other changes. secondly it raises the question of the contemporary housing, private and public life in the era of the internet. Perhaps there is no need in creating another ‘unique’ apartment for a ‘new life’ but it is rather logical to improve the standards of contemporary housing to satisfy the users. The project joins two almost opposite ideas of luxury housing and young entrepreneurs as a critic of the contemporary situation in housing. Ironically the causes of this situation are as well economical.

The project is the direct result of a political initiative to reinforce Edinburgh status as the capital of soon independent Scotland. The project aims to improve Edinburgh’s competitiveness on the global scale not only as a historical, but as cultural, financial and innovative heart of Scotland. Leith Special Economic (and Cultural) District is one of the future insertions into city fabric that aim to provide favored conditions for small and medium innovative businesses as well as to provide new jobs opportunities for local residents. Special Economic Districts intend to improve peripheral areas of Edinburgh and make them equally developed to the central part of the city. These intervention will prepare the grounds for future demographic expansion of Edinburgh from today’s 470 000 citizens to 2 000 000 that would make Edinburgh the biggest city in Scotland. Leith Special Economic (and Cultural) District will offer free flats for (young) entrepreneurs under the condition that those open businesses in the local postcode area. An entrepreneur will also be granted 80% tax discount for the subsequent if the business has at least 50% of employers who residents in the local postcode area. LSED will consist of the residences for the coming entrepreneurs and highly skilled workers, facilities for those to start the businesses, such as offices and other typologies required. Masterplan is going to include public developments (markets, business facilities, entertainment facilities etc) as a part of the strategy as well as new parking spaces and general

Tectonic statement

This project follows standard and widely applied methods in contemporary architecture. The ambition behind it is to show that architects need to use the tools available not in a repetitive manner but explore the possibilities of materials, their applications, as well as to show how the new materials can trigger the development of those cities and areas that maintain a certain material hegemony, like Edinburgh. Perhaps architecture cannot change the world, but yet it remains another tool of human expression and it is important to keep using architecture as a statement and as a symbol.

urban improvements of the area.

depriviation map of leith

situation today

the ambition for tommorow

the site 12

site use

the site

MESSY 14

the proposal

SOCIAL CONDENSER - NARKOMFIN

+ 15

MAIMI LUXURY APPARTMENTS

the proposal

SKOLKOVO

West Kowloon Cultural District

+ Chinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Special Economic Zone 16

3 250 SQM NEW HOUSING

1 800 SQM PARKING

2 500 SQM OFFICE SPACE

2 800 SQM RELOCATED NHS

2 700 SQM MARKET AND OTHER BUSINESSES

3 385 SQM OUTDOORS PUBLIC SPACE

E IC FF

RET AIL

NHS

NE W

NEW

masterplan

program of the leith walk slab

TOTAL: 11 615 sqm

UTILITY 450 sqm

HOTEL 1 650 sqm

RECREATION 500 sqm

MUSEUM 270 sqm

TROPICAL GARDEN 600 sqm

FLATS 4 300 sqm MEDIA HALL

(INCLUDING LECTURE HALL, MEDIA LIBRARY, WORKING CAPSULES)

2 000 sqm

TERRACES 1 000 sqm

KITCHEN 200 sqm PODIUM 3 565 sqm

CAFE 400 sqm

RECEPTION 245 sqm

THE BUILDING

THE PODIUM

program

SITE PLAN

50 M

podium: ground floor

LECTURE HALL

KITCHEN

RECEPTION CAFE

podium: first floor

50 M

LECTURE HALL

L ONE TERRACE

STUDY AREAS

TERRACE

podium: second floor

TWO

GOOGLE MUSEUM

50 M

podium: third floor

TERRACE

VEL THREE SILENT STUDY UNITS TERRACE

50 M

TOP FIVE HIGHEST BUILDINGS IN EDINBURGH

MARTELLO COURT

LEITH WALK SLAB

CITADEL COURT

PERSEVERE COURT

KIRKGATE HOUSE

64 M

62 (64.5) M

59 M

51 M

DECEMBER 12.00

DECEMBER 15.00

JULY 15.00

MARCH 12.00

MARCH 15.00

JULY 18.00

shadow map

JULY 12.00

DECEMBER 18.00

MARCH 18.00

SECTION THROUGH TYPICAL FLOOR

GLAZED LOGGIAS IMPROVE HEAT GAIN

RECYCLING IS ENCOURAGED BY INSLALED SEPARATE WASTE COLLECTION BINS BOTH INSIDE FLATS AND AT THE SITE

STACK EFFECT IMPROVES VENTELATION CIRCULATING THE AIR VIA LIFT AND STAIR SHAFTS

RAIN WATER IS COLLECTED AND USED

POROUS FLOOR SLABS ABSORB LATERAL LOAD

FLATS ARE CROSS-VENTILATED

THE SITE IS REPAVED TO ABSORBE AND STORE HEAT

ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR: VENTELATION AND HEAT GAIN

SUMMER

THERMAL BRIDGE SLOWS DOWN HEATS PENETRATION INTO THE FLAT

CROSS VENTILATION

LOCAL STACK-EFFECT

THERMAL MASS GAINS HEAT

ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR: HEAT CONSERVATION

THERMAL BRIDGE SLOWS DOWN HEATS LOSS TO THE OUTSIDE

CROSS VENTILATION

THERMAL MASS RELEASES HEAT

WINTER

SITE SECTION

50 M

void map

50 M

the void

residential floor

VIEW TOWARDS NORTH SEA

VIEW TOWARDS THE EDINBURGH CASTLE

residential floor typical plan 1:200

unit types

2 BEDROOM TYPE I 95 (+22 (LOGGIAS)) SQM

3 BEDROOM TYPE IV 110 (+8) SQM

STUDIO TYPE II 33 (+4) SQM

1 BEDROOM TYPE III 56 (+12) SQM

1 BEDROOM TYPE V 65 (+25) SQM

the through view

structural detail 1:20

FLOOR FINISH WITH FLOOR HEATING

VERTICAL STRUCTURAL BEAM 200MM

CERAMIC PANELS (FACADE)

HOLLOW CORE CONCRETE SLAB 165MM

CEELING FINISH

HORIZONTAL STRUCTURAL BEAM 300MM

the view from flat type i

FINITO