ECO Verde del Sud by Andelina Biqkaj

School of Architecture Urban Planning Construction Engineering Course: Master of Science in Sustainable Architecture and Landscape Design

ECO Verde del Sud Organic Agriculture and Urban Development as Prototype for Sustainable Economy in the South of Italy Supervisor: Stefano Stabilini Authors:

Andelina Biqkaj ID : 10603474 - 903884 Mohamed Mustafa ID : 10601644 - 913649

Academic Year 2019/2020

Team Members

Andelina Biqkaj

Mohamed Mustafa

Date of Birth: 28.10.1994 Nationality: Kosovan

Date of Birth: 17.04.1993 Nationality: Sudanese

Graduated: B.Sc. of Architecture and Spatial Planning with specialization on Sustainable Architecture at University for Business and Technology 2016 Pristin/Kosovo

Graduated: B.Sc. of Architecture at University of Khartoum 2015 Kharoum/Sudan

Thanks to: We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our supervisor Professor, Stefano Stabilini for his assistance with insightful comments and suggestions at every stage of the development of this project. Our appreciation also goes out to our family and friends for their encouragement and support all through our studies.

INDEX ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

SECTION (A) ITALIA

•

CHAPTER 01 SOCIO-ECONOMIC LANDSCAPE OF ITALY 1.1 OBSERVING ITALY LANDSCAPE

1.2 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT(GDP)

1.3 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE BY REGIONS

1.4 EMPLOYMENT RATE BY SECTOR

CHAPTER 02 THE SOUTH PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES

•

2.1 AGRI-FOOD SECTOR

2.2 AVERAGE SOIL PRODUCTIVITY

2.3 AGRICULTURE CROPS

2.4 INDUSTRY FOOD PROCESSING

2.5 EUROPEAN TRANSPORT NETWORK

CHAPTER 03 PROPOSED STRATEGY

3.1 STRATEGY GOAL

3.2 TARGETED CITIES

SECTION (B) NAPLES •

CHAPTER 01 NEAPOLIS ( NEW CITY )

29 30

1.1 HISTORICAL TIMELINE

1.2 ISSUES AND INITIATIVES

CHAPTER 02 CITY ANALYSIS

2.1 ZONING

2.2 LANDSCAPE AND CLIMATE

2.3 RAIL NETWORK

2.4 CYCLING ROUTES

•

CHAPTER 03 DEFINING SITE

3.1 AGRICULTURAL SITE

3.2 LOCAL ACTION PLAN - EU URBAN ACT

CHAPTER 04 GREEN STRATEGY

4.1 CONCEPT

4.2 CITY STRATEGY

CHAPTER 05 GREEN CORRIDOR

5.1 STREET SECTIONS

SECTION (C) CULTIVATION

•

CHAPTER 01 AGRICULTURE IN ITALY

1.1 AGRO-FOOD SYSTEMS

1.2 AGRICULTURE IN NAPLES

1.3 SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

1.4 SITE SURVEY

1.5 FOCUS SITE SURVEY

1.6 AGRICULTURE LAND DIVISION

CHAPTER 02 SITE ANALYSIS

2.1 AGRO-FOOD SYSTEMS

2.2 TRANSPORTATION NETWORK

CHAPTER 03 AGRICULTURE STRATEGY

3.1 CONCEPT

3.2 PROPOSED STRATEGY

CHAPTER 04 AGRICULTURE MASTER PLAN

4.1 MASTRY PLAN

4.2 TREES AND VEGETATION

4.3 AGRO - FOREST NODES

4.4 SECTIONS

CHAPTER 05 AGRICULTURE PLANS

5.1 SITE PLAN

5.2 GROUND FLOOR MASTER PLAN

5.3 3D EXPLODED PLANS

5.4 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

SECTION (D) DOCKSYARD •

•

103

CHAPTER 01 PORT OF NAPLES

104

1.1 HISTORICAL TIMELINE

104

1.2 CRUISE TRAFFIC AND EMPOLYMENT

106

1.3 AREA OF INTERVENTIONS

108

CHAPTER 02 PORT ANALYSIS

110

2.1 PORT ZONING

110

2.2 LANDSCAPE AND URBAN SPACES

112

2.3 TRANSPORTATION NETWORK

114

CHAPTER 03 PORT STRATEGY

116

3.1 PORT CONCEPT

116

3.2 STRATEGY

118

CHAPTER 04 PORT MASTER PLAN

120

4.1 MASTER PLAN AND CIRCULATION

120

4.2 TREES AND VEGETATION

122

4.3 FOCUS NODES

124

4.4 LANDSCAPE CONCEPT

126

CHAPTER 05 PIAZZA DEL MERCATO

130

5.1 HISTORICAL TIMELINE

130

5.2 SECTION

134

5.3 MERCATO MASTER PLAN

136

CHAPTER 06 PORT OF NAPLES HUB MARKET

144

6.1 SITE

144

6.2 SECTIONS

148

•

6.3 HUB MARKET MASTER PLAN

150

6.4 3D EXPLODED PLANS

152

6.5 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

154

CHAPTER 07 PORT OF NAPLES PIAZZA MUNICIPIO

158

7.1 SITE

158

7.2 FOCUS ZOOM

162

7.3 BRIDGE STRUCTURE

164

CHAPTER 08 PORT OF NAPLES MOLO SAN VINCENZO

168

8.1 SITE

168

8.2 FOCUS ZOOM

172

SECTION (E) EPILOGUE

177

•

CHAPTER 01 EUROPEAN UNION ORGANIC FARMING

180

1.1 EU ACTION PLAN FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTION

180

1.2 ITALY ACTION PLAN FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTION

181

CHAPTER 02 EUROPEAN UNION SEA MOTORWAYS

182

2.1 MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA

182

2.2 ITALIAN SEA MOTORWAYS

183

CHAPTER 03 PROTOTYPE STRATEGY

184

3.1 PROTOTYPE STRATEGY

184

3.2 ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

186

3.3 SUSTAINABLE PORT

188

3.4 GREEN ECONOMY

190

3.5 PROJECT PHASES

192

CHAPTER 04 CASE STUDIES

194

4.1 CUCHI ORGANIC FARM

194

4.2 TANGHAN ORGANIC FARM

196

4.3 RENZO PIANO WATERFRONT FOR GENOA

198

4.4 HORNUM PORT REGENERATION

200

BIBLIOGRAPHY

202

ECO Verde del Sud Organic Agriculture and Urban Development as Prototype for Sustainable Economy in the South of Italy

Abstract The socio-economic landscape differences between the North-South of Italy are well-known and visible in both statistical forms and lifestyles of Italians and visitors. Italy remained an agricultural-based economy for centuries. But after the industrial revolution, the North becomes more industrialized while the Southern regions are left behind. According to the EUROSTAT 2019 unemployment rate, by comparing Lombardy and Campania regions, the gap is clear, Lombardy rate (3.4 – 6.6%) while in Campania (13.4%). According to our previous data , we developed a research to identify the Southern regions, to propose a project which can help to increase the South of Italy economy. Since Campania region is the third populated region in Italy and the first in southern Italy, with potential urban areas and a fertile productive landscape. Naples is our choice as a focus city for the proposed project. The key problems that are overlooking Naples presently are the rapid rate of unemployed and pollution.

have been initiated were to promote a substantial connection between rural and urban part of Naples. This network aim is to work together with proposal 'Organic Agriculture' fields on rural areas and ' Food Hub Market' on Urban Areas - Ports, for better promotion of local food in the city with the possibility of exporting abroad. We describe our project as a Prototype (which can be applied in other cities in Southern Italy, with respect to the agriculture and urban character). As a potential result of our proposal, we are expecting to enhance Naples and Southern Italy's economy without affecting the existing economic activities. As well as, lowering the crime rate by providing more jobs and education opportunities in organic agriculture. The organic approach to agriculture and the increase of green areas within the urban zone will make Naples a sustainable city. This approach can be adopted in many Italian cities, mainly in the southern regions to overcome economic problems.

The goal of the project is to develop a sustainable approach, by using 'Urban and Landscape Planning' as a tool. The actions which

Introduction Italy is the third biggest economy in the EU area and also the third economically problematic country after Greece and Spain. When we have a deeper look inside the country's economy, we can see clearly that the north of the country doing quite well economically in comparison to France and Germany, the south is suffering a lot economically which in the end make the economical state of the country in critically condition. The specific objectives of this project are to: • Examine differences in the socioeconomic between north and south of Italy. • To check the potentials of the cities in the South of Italy • Examine the problems which are facing Napoli • Giving a resilient Local solution to these problems for a Global impact The south of Italy is facing economic problems which is the result of years of circumstances that had a big impact on the economic pace of the southern regions. From employment rate and lower GDP, the south is facing intriguing issues, despite the existing condition the south has a lot of economic appetites to offer.

southern regions. From employment rate and lower GDP, the south is facing intriguing issues, despite the existing condition the south has a lot of economic appetites to offer. After research in the regions of southern Italy, to find a solution based on the similarity of the proposed cities we focused on the following cities as a subject of our proposed projects. We targeted the following cities (Naples, Bari, Porto di Corigliano, Porto di Gioia Tauro, Palermo, and Pozzallo ) because of the similarity of the subjects that all of these cities are oriented and based on their potentials. Cities that all of the subjects are connected by fast national train systems and also to the EU Trans - European Transport Network (TEN-T). After defining the targeted cities, we proposed a 'Prototype Project' that can be applied to the previously mentioned cities and this proposed project will be focused on the existing criteria of the targeted cities. Prototyping can be explained by the meaning of “prototype”. The word “prototype” is used in two ways: As an original model of something that serves as a basis for other things (Wikipedia,19 February 2019) and as an “early” sample or model,

including the functions of tests, which are created to find a design solution. In the former definition, “prototype” refers to the beginning of the design, the basis, and the standard. In the latter definition, “prototype” leads to the designer’s assuming-solving process in the course of all the design processes. “prototype” is used in two ways: As an original model of something that serves as a basis for other things (Wikipedia,19 February 2019) and as an “early” sample or model, including the functions of tests, which are created to find a design solution. In the former definition, “prototype” refers to the beginning of the design, the basis, and the standard. In the latter definition, “prototype” leads to the designer’s assuming-solving process in the course of all the design processes. The use of Prototype in architecture is not new from the work of Le Corbusier in The Maison DomIno in the small house scale or his larger-scale Cité Frugès de Pessac is used as an architectural tool to find a solution for the architectural dilemma which can be applied in a different location with a lot of architectural, location and other similarity and to test this prototype usually, by choosing a location to do the more detailed project with function to project this prototype.

Naples is the city we choose to work on detail our proposed strategy because it is the third-largest city in Italy and the city with significant agricultural fields around it and with a well know rich soil due to the volcanic ashes from the Vesuvius volcano and as part of the EU (TEN-T) as an important nod and as an EU strategy Naples took special attention to protect the old city part of Naples. and as part of the EU (TEN-T) as an important nod and as an EU strategy Naples took special attention to protect the old city part of Naples. We decided to work in the city of Naples by studying the architectural, landscape, and urban design problems and propose a project to tackle some of these problems in more detail taking into consideration the national and European strategies involving the city.

III

SECTION

ITALI

01-Socio-economic landscape of Italy 02-The South problems/opportunities 03-Proposed strategy for the south

SOCIO-ECONOMIC OF ITALY

LANDSCAPE

1.1 OBSERVING ITALY LANDSCAPE :Italy the boot-shaped peninsula with a unique location in the south of the European continent surrounded by the Adriatic Sea, the Tyrrhenian Sea, and the Mediterranean sea with these location criteria the country played an important role in history. The unique landscape of Italy containing mountains crisscrosses the interior of the Italian land and dividing it into regions. The Alps cut across the top of the country and streaked with long, thin glacial lakes. From the western end of the Alps, the Apennines mountains stretch south down the entire peninsula. Geography played a big part in forming Italy’s economic and cultural character since the landscape played a big part in creating a different climate and separate some areas from each other. This diversity helped the economy and culture of Italy to be more diverse on many levels ( Agriculture, food, art, architecture, and fashion) and the unique location facing different seas helped the ports of Italy to deliver their products to the rest of the world. After the unification of Italy ( Risorgimento ) between the 1859 - 1870 some of the new united country problems started to rise more clear to the Italian. Is not that those problems are new. Before the unification, the southern part of Italy was facing a lot of financial and cultural difficulty but after the unification and by comparing the south to the north it becomes more clear that there is a lot of economic and political inequality. The rulers of Italy tried to make the economic gap smaller but the task was not easy because of the level of problems the south is facing . after the industrial revolution the economy of all Europe start to prosper also in Italy but the difference that the revolution was more focused in northern regions of Italy wish appeared at the beginning of the Italian industrial triangle.

Map of Italian peninsula terrain

And it is also important to highlight the start of the organized crime in the south which was existed before but the economical condition helped in the rapid increase of such organizational activities with the help of corporation in many levels of the ruler class in the south which helped to control a lot of the life aspect of the southern citizens. From that point on the situation going bad for Italy as a whole and for the south even worst going through two world war and then facing the new challenges of entering the EU and changing the currency following the economic crisis of the EU and the world 2008 and the immigrants crisis in all the following crisis, the south was hit the most economically since the economy is already suffering.

1.2 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT(GDP) :In this map, we are present the GDP of various regions of Italy in 2019 since the data of 2020 is quite misleading due to the unusual circumstances of the COVID-19 affecting all the plants and also Italy was one of the most affected countries in the world due to the high age average of the Italian citizens. From the map, we notice that most of the southern regions of Italy are among the lost GDP categories ( 15.000 19.999 thousand euros ) while if we took a look at the more economically active northern regions we notice that numbers go over the double of the previous numbers. If we divide the average of the GDP in thousand euros of Lombardy 32.800 ( the highest ) and Calabria 16.400 ( the lowest ) we see that the difference is 2.if we tried the same method with other European country let’s take The Netherlands we see that the region Groningen ( the highest ) 43.000 and ( the lowest ) Flevoland 28.300 the number is 1.5 which way smaller than Italy put on mind that Italy contribution to the EU GDP is 12.8% compared to Netherlands 5%.

MAP LEGEND :50000+ 40000 - 49000 35000 - 39999 30000 - 34999 25000 - 29999 20000 - 24999 15000 - 19999

GDP PER CAPITA (in thousand euros) OF THE ITALIAN PROVINCES 2019 source : https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat 6

1.3 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE BY REGIONS :By looking at the Italian job market we notice that Italy is facing an unemployment issue for quite a time due to a lot of factors which is hard to through all of them here we will focus on unemployment rates comparing regions and average ages. Italy’s unemployment rate is 9.9% in 2019 which is the third-worst in the EU. At the regional level numbers are more interesting when you see that rate of the northern region from 3.6% (Trentino-SouthTyrol) -6%(Tuscany)meanwhile the southern regions, the rates from 8.1% (Lazio) - 18.9% (Sicily). The difference is clear. if we go to a more specific age category to see unemployment rates we will focus on the youth rate of unemployment which is in the age between 15 - 24 years old. We can see that the rate in the best rated region in Italy ( Trentino - South Tyrol) is 9.8% while in the worst region (Sicily) is 51.1%.

MAP LEGEND :Sicily 18.9%

Piedemont 7.8%

Calabria 18.8%

Marche 7.5%

Campania 18.3%

Umbria 7%

Apulia 14.3%

Tuscany 6%

Molise 13.2%

Aosta Valley 5.8%

Sardina 12.5%

Friuli-Venezia Ciulia 5.7%

Abruzzo 10.7%

Emilia- Romanga 5.3%

Basilicata 9.5%

Veneto 5.1%

Liguria 8.4%

Lombardy 5.1%

Lazio 8.1%

Trentino- South Tyrol 3.6%

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE BY REGIONS 2019 source : https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat 8

1.4 EMPLOYMENT RATE BY SECTOR :As shown in the graph up the Agriculture sector has the smallest contribution to the Italian economy but also we can notice how much Italy is depending on the services. The north of Italy is depending on all of the upper factors mentioned, on the other hand, the industry sector is not as good in the south as in the north and due to the big number of unemployment and immigrants, we can take this as an advantage to the south and beside the available worker force agriculture is easier craftsmanship to master quicker. The south employment rate 44% in 2019 which is smaller than the north and center rate and also Italy’s general rate 58.5%. Due to the lack of job opportunities in the laber market and economic issues and also the immigrant’s dilemma. also mentioning the smaller income coming from agricultural activities in the south and the more income coming from working in other sectors of the economy ( services and industry-related activities ) in the north. In the first quarter of 2020, 1 615 331 people were in work in Campania, down by 15 520 compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. In Campania region 17.6 % of employment is in education, healthcare and social services, 16.7 % in trade, 15.2 % in industry, 10.5 % in real estate and business services, 7.7 % in other personal and collective services, 7 % in construction, 6.1 % in public administration and defence, 6.1 % in transport and storage, 5.8 % in hotels and restaurants, 4 % in agriculture, hunting and fishing, 2 % in communication and information services, 1.4 % in financial and insurance activities.Looking at this by profession, employees were mainly executives (33 %) and white-collar workers (32 %), followed by skilled manual workers (21.3 %) and unskilled manual workers (13 %).

SERVICES 70.66%

INDUSTRY 25.62%

AGRICULTURE 3.72% EMPLOYED PEOPLE IN ITALY BY ECONOMIC SECTOR 2019 source : https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat 10

North 67.5%

Center 62.0%

South 44.4%

EMPLOYED RATE BY REGIONS 2019 source : https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat 11

THE SOUTH PROBLEMS OPPORTUNITIES

AND

2.1 AGRI-FOOD SECTOR :Although those southern regions have a lot of problems to start a landscape project for the targeted regions we start focusing on what those regions have to offer. On May 26-27, Taormina hosted the Summit of the Heads of State and of Government of the G7. In one of the presentation carried on on this summit focused on opportunities and innovation can take place in the southern regions of Italy as governmental and private sectors approach to take advantage of the south infrastructure and potential regarding the following sectors Aerospace, Agri-food, Mechatronics, and Life Sciences. Agri-food is one of the biggest future issues that a lot of countries around the world trying to overcome by producing more and better quality. Italy and especially the south have more chances to help Italy go to be more of the leading countries in this field . one of the facts presented in the summit Italy’s agri-food value chain is the Country’s first economic asset, with approx. 58,000 enterprises generating nearly €135 billion turnovers and employing 385,000 workers. The agri-food sector dynamic and strongly projected on international markets (€31.6 billion exports), also boosted by the presence of the National Agri-Food Technology Cluster (Cluster Tecnologico Agrifood Nazionale – CL.A.N.), which promotes collaboration between research, enterprises and institutions throughout Italy to strengthen competitiveness along the whole value chain by spreading innovation and capitalising on scientific research results. Italy’s Southern Regions strongly contribute to agri-food competitiveness with a robust industrial structure revolving around 34 specialised agri-food districts, smartly combining both innovation, and ensuring high quality standards.

2.2 AVERAGE SOIL PRODUCTIVITY :-

KEY FACTS :-Major concentration of increasingly internationalised enterprises: approximately 40% of Italian enterprises are located in Southern Regions, which absorb more than 40% of total employees and over 22% of total agrifood exports. -Strongly integrated value chains, presence of leading companies, widespread awareness of the strategic role played by horizontal cooperation, a “young” entrepreneurial class that led to the creation of 34 specialised production districts along the whole value chain. After listing these facts we can see that although the agriculture sector has a small part of Italy’s GDP it has a quite noticeable impact on the southern regions GDP. The map showing average soil productivity of cropland across the Italian regions we can see that many of the southern regions having from average to very good productivity soils which lead us to have a working frame of our project which we decided to focus on agriculture and innovation in the south of Italy.

MAP LEGEND :3.0 - 4.0 4.0 - 5.0 5.0 - 6.0 6.0 - 7.0

AVERAGE SOIL PRODUCTIVITY OF CROPLANDS 2019 source : https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat 14

2.3 AGRICULTURE CROPS :We represent the top three crops in every region in Italy . The most common crops through all the regions are ( Wheat , Alfalfa , Soybeans , Maize , Graps , Fruit and Rapessed ).if we look to the north we see the northern part of Italy produces primarily grains, soybeans, meat, and dairy products, while the south specializes in fruits, vegetables, olive oil, wine, and durum wheat. Even though much of its mountainous terrain is unsuitable for farming, approximately 4% of the population is employed in farming. Most farms are small, with the average size being eleven hectares. Italy has a diversified industrial economy with roughly the same total and per capita output as France or the United Kingdom. Italian industries, including the food-processing sector, rely heavily on imports of raw materials. Italy is one of the largest agricultural producers and food processors in the EU. In the last years the demand for organic products has increased rapidly within the EU and around the world and Italy can play a big part to meet these demands. 1- Sardinia -Wheat,Grass,Alfalfa 2- Sicily -Wheat,Alfalfa ,Other Cereals 3- Calabria -Soybeans , Alfalfa , Wheat 4- Basilicata -Wheat , Alfalfa , Soybeans 5- Apulia -Wheat , Grapes , Soybeans 6- Campania -Wheat , Fruit , Maize 7- Molise -Wheat , Grass , Alfalfa 8- Abruzzo -Wheat , Grass , Maize 9- Lazio -Wheat , Soybeans , Grass 10- Marche -Wheat , Maize , Grass

11- Umbria -Wheat , Alfalfa , Grass 12- Tuscany -Wheat , Grass , Alfalfa 13- Emilia Romagna -Wheat , Alfalfa , Maize 14- Liguria -Grass , Soybeans , Alfalfa 15- Lombardy -Maize , Grass , Soybeans 16- Piemont -Maize , Grass , Rice 17- Veneto -Maize , Soybeans , Grass 18- Friuli Venezia Giulia -Maize , Soybeans , Grass 19- Trentino -Grass , Fruit , Rapeseed 20- Aosta Vally -Grass , Maize , Rapeseed

TOP THREE CROPS IN EVERY ITALIAN PROVINCES 2019 Source: https://map.onesoil.ai

2.4 INDUSTRY FOOD PROCESSING :-

Food-processing industry in Italy continues to be highly fragmented, characterized by a growing of smaller companies. Progress in food technology, marketing innovations, “Made in Italy” products, and exports of finished food products have all contributed to Italy’s increasing demand for food ingredients. Italian consumers continue to favor bakery products, dairy products, processed meat and seafood, and snacks. Locally grown, but also ethnic, vegan and vegetarian alternatives, “free from” products (e.g. gluten, lactose, or sugar free), and super foods attract more and more local consumers. The previous paragraph and the graph segments in the food processing industry of Italy were in a report by the name ( Food Processing Ingredients ) by the United States Department of Agriculture - Foreign Agriculture Services by ( Ornella Bettini - Frederick Giles ) published on April 01.2020. Fruits and Vegetables in a noticeable part of the food industry in Italy and the map indicating that although the south is more focused on agriculture the food-producing is still significantly smaller than the north.

SEGMENTS IN THE FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY 2019

INDUSTRY FOOD PROCESSING 2019 Source: ISTAT

2.5 EUROPEAN TRANSPORT NETWORK :The map highlighted The Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) is a planned network of roads, railways, airports, and water infrastructure in the European Union. The TEN-T network is part of a wider system of Trans-European Networks (TENs), including a telecommunications network (eTEN) and a proposed energy network (TEN-E or TenEnergy). The European Commission adopted the first action plans on trans-European networks in 1990. One of the important projects is the Railway axis(Berlin– Verona/Milan–Bologna–Naples–Messina–Palermo)which is a mixture of upgrades of existing track and new sections that will increase speeds and capacity along the route Berlin to the Messina Straits where a new road/rail bridge will connect Sicily to the Italian mainland. With this EU project, the south of Italy will be more connected to the European economy and the ports of the south can be more active regarding exporting products from all over Europe

MAP LEGEND :-

BALTIC - ADRIATIC

MEDITERRANEAN SCANDINAVIAN MEDITERRANEAN RHINE - ALPINE NOTH SEA - BALTIC NORTH SEA MEDITERRANEAN

TRANS - EUROPEAN TRANSPORT NETWORK (TEN-T) 20

PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR THE SOUTH OF ITALY 3.1 STRATEGY GOAL :The main goal of this project is to have an impact on the growth of the economy and healthy life for the people, by using Urban and Landscape planning as a tool for this target. The actions which have been taken to realize these goals are 'Organic Agriculture' focuses on rural areas and 'Urban Food Hub Market' with a focus on Urban areas-Ports, taking into consideration social, economic, and environmental aspects. Open food and agriculture trade within and across countries can reinforce the positive two-way linkages between growth and employment on the one hand, and food security and nutrition on the other. Agriculture can help solve the lifestyle of eating for people and employment challenges. The idea is to provide Organic Agriculture in creating sustainable food production systems in rural areas. This system works as a cycle on creating directly a relationship between farmers and visitorscostumers, a place where they can be more informed and educated for the organic culture, a place that will have serve biodiversity. Food hubs' markets in Urban areas - the ports have been recognized as a strategic hub, an engine for growth, due to their high potential in terms of job opportunities and increasing sustainability inside the port. Assuming tourist and citizens development as a goal inside the port. The port supports the idea of the import of the local product to the other country. Another strategic vision proposed for the regeneration of the historical part, open areas for green development. To have directly an impact on the environment we proposed a green corridor which will pass through the city going inside the two sites by sustainable mobility and green network.

3.2 TARGETED CITIES :-

The Port of Naples is located 15 kilometers form the Naples airport with 4 terminals . Container terminal has a storage capacity of 1,336,00 m2 and 11.5 km of docks .Comercial section has 4 terminal with 75,000 m2 storage area . Automobile terminal with a land area of 120,000 m2. Passenger terminal with a capacity of annual capacity around 1.5 million passengers. The Port of Corigliano was built aiming to promoting industrialization in Calabria. Located in the Corigliano Gulf. Commercial and industrial activities, as well as mineral and concrete shipping, are limited, while fishing activity is flourishing. The service areas cover a surface of 750.000 m2. The Port of Palermo is one of th e major ports aiming for tourism in the Mediterranean. It has been a constant driving force not only for the island's economy. It stretches for a few kilometers away from Francesco Crispi .In 2007 6,630,240 ton and 2,305,991 passengers passed through the port. The port has been "a constant driving force not only for the island's economy, but in the history of the city of Palermo.

NAPLES

PORTO DI CORIGLIANO

PALERMO

The Port of Bari is one of the major Italian ports on the Adriatic sea. Port of Bari's basin is about 115 hectares. It

includes piers of a total 2.5 km in length with alongside depth of 12.5 m designed to handle containers, packaged goods, forest and steel products, and solid and liquid bulk cargoes . Also it has facilities for storing frozen and refrigerated goods, It is contains some 35 hectares of storage space for goods and vehicles. The Port of Gioia Tauro is a large seaport in southern Italy. The port benefits from the natural depth of its water (up to 18 m) and offers a linear quays of (3.4 km). These characteristics, together with the availability of dedicated equipment (22 Ship-to-shore cranes, reaching up to 23 rows of containers). The Port of Pozzallo is the major port of the province of Ragusa on the Mediterranean coast of Sicily and is one of the most important harbours on the island. The port was initially designed for a volume of goods of only 500.000 tons a year but today it has risen to over 1.500.000 tons. The port is located at the western end of Pozzallo. It is well placed for connections to north Africa.

BARI

PORTO DI GIOIA TAURO

POZZALLO

28 28

SECTION

NAPLES

01-Neapolis 02-City Analysis 03-Defining site 04-Green strategy 05-Green corridor

NEAPOLIS NEW CITY 1.1 HISTORICAL TIMELINE :The city of Naples is the third largest city of Italy, and is also the most important in the south of Italy; it lies on the Mediterranean coast of the Italian peninsula, and is in an advantageous position in the Mediterranean basin. It’s the capital city of the Campania Region. The metropolitan area of Naples is the second most populated in Italy and one of the largest in all of Europe with around 3.8 million people. The city of Naples was founded by Greek colonists in 6th century BC.The Greek Roman road network remains preserved until today in the historical centre, and the stratification of the following ages during the subsequent centuries left monuments of great value, this is the most reason because its historic centre is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The whole history of Naples is based on the concept of welcoming foreigners and of different cultures living side by side. The city’s enviable geographical position half-way down the Italian coast makes it easy to reach from anywhere in the world. The wonderful historical, and archaeological heritage is an intrinsic part of the city. At the same time, we mustn’t forget its contemporary creative nature which ensures the city always has some new project on the go, some new goal, and plenty of new ideas. Naples is a city on the sea, a place full of light yet with dark, hidden foundations. It has a great cultural and artistic identity which is stamped on the brow of its many museums, castles, churches, squares, narrow streets and archaeological remains. It is a city in which culture, art and “light” mix with the obscure darkness of a hidden, submerged, underground world.

1.1 HISTORICAL TIMELINE :The port of Naples is one of the most important in Italy and in the Mediterranean basin, in terms of passenger traffic and it’s going to become one of the most important in terms of cruise traffic too. The income produced by the tourism factor and by the cultural activities is a crucial element for the economic growth of the city.In 2008, the Port of Napoli handled a total of almost 19.4 million tons of cargo, including 3.3 million tons in international and EU traffic and 16.1 million tons of cabotage. Cargoes handled at the Port of Napoli in 2008 included 6.1 million tons of roll-on/roll-off cargo, 4.7 million tons of solid bulk, 4.3 million tons of liquid bulk, and 4.2 million tons of containerized cargo (in 481.5 thousand TEUs). Liquid bulk cargoes were dominated by refined products (2.0 million tons) and gas (1.1 million tons). The Port of Napoli also welcomed 9 million passengers, including 2.3 million cruise passengers and 6.7 million line passengers. The Port of Napoli contains four major mooring areas for coastal traffic: Immacolatella Vecchia Wharf, Piliero Quay, Port di Massa Quay, and Angioino Wharf. The Immacolatella Vechhia Wharf is 180 meters long and from 70-150 meters wide. The Piliero Quay is 250 meters long and 180 meters wide. The Porta di Massa Quay is 290 meters long and 15 meters wide, and the Angioino Wharf is 120 meters long. The Port of Napoli has three container terminals covering a total area of 200 thousand square meters. Two container terminals at Bausan and the Flavio Gioia Docks, and one container terminal at the Bausan Dock. Passenger traffic is still a key point in the activity of Neapolitan Port, considering the fact that the amount of passenger traffic (including cruise passengers, gulf traffic and coastal navigation) reaches 9 millions which are the result of the involvement and care of the whole Neapolitan maritime system.

1.2 ISSUES AND INITIATIVES :1-Unemployment, poverty, immigrants, and informal work: One of the main factor leading to social exclusion in the Naples area is the high unemployment rate resulting from the process of deindustrialization and insufficient development of a modern tertiary sector. Up to the end of the 80s Naples could still be considered the industrial capital of both the Campania and the Mezzogiorno region. This position was due to the presence in the city of a array of medium and large companies, operating in many sectors.Today, Naples has clearly lost its supremacy. In addition to the previous problem, the break out of the immigration crisis the city become more populated by migrants moving from the southern regions due to the fact that Naples can provide more opportunities for immigrants depending on agriculture and shipping.

2-Pollution and high populaton density : There are many contributing factors to air pollution in Naples, some of them locked into the urban infrastructure and compounded by the mass movement of people, as well as industrial factors. Cars and other vehicles play a significant role in poor air quality within Naples, with many automobiles often squeezed into smaller areas during rush hour times, leading to massive accumulations of different chemical compounds. There is also a history of illegal toxic waste dumping occurring in Naples as well, going back many decades, with a surprising amount of waste buildup still occurring, as well as people setting fire to trash, a practice which is quite unusual amongst European countries and somewhat of an anomaly, once again tied into prior illegal activities taking place in the city and a few adjacent ones. Besides these causes, there are ones such as smoke accumulations from cigarette smokers, particulate matter from construction sites and road repairs, industrial haze and effluence from factories and power plants.

Citizen protest , Naples

Urban pollution , Naples

Immigration protest , Naples

1-Providing jobs, production, and education:The city of Naples, with the Port Authority of Naples, proposed a Local Action Plan that, based on the network of projects and ideas, aims at regenerating the downtown area and the port area nearby by improving the quality of the service for incoming tourists. The Municipality of city of Naples wants to take on the challenge of implementing the Local Action Plan drafted within URBACT that, thanks to the active participation of the various public and private stakeholders, is the result of a bottom-up approach. In Naples, a commercial gallery has been opened at the maritime station, It hosts about fifty shops located along the port quays. In the gallery there is also a market of 5,000 m2 that generated 150 jobs and that is part of a 25 million Euro investment. 1000 Neapolitan pupils discover the Port of Naples is another initiative to include students.

2-HerO , old city regration and sustianable port :The URBACT Thematic Network HerO ( Heritage as Opportunity )aims to develop integrated and innovative management strategies and urban development policies to facilitate the right balance between the preservation of built cultural heritage and the sustainable, future-proof socioeconomic development of historic urban landscapes and to strengthen the attractiveness and competitiveness of the old town area. Naples city is one of HerO Partner Cities .In the general strategy focused on Urban space, Connections, and Mobility and how to apply these keyword policies in the historical center in Naples from this emerges the local action plan in cooperation between the EU and the Municipality which focused on Requalification of the waterfront monumental area and beside historic urban area, Give new functions to the city and port heritage for urban regeneration, Maximize economic and social impacts of cruises.

Michel Euvè Visualization , port of Naples

Local market , Naples

Student workshop , Naples

CITY ANALYSIS 2.1 ZONING :Naples metropolitan area with a population of over 5 million, also has different zoning from the high dense center of what known as the'' Citta Bassa '' to the more rural area. The large area has more diffenet altuiude as shown in the the citta elevation section.

Quarto

Starting from the more dense area next to the port which most of the urban fabric is concentrated. Centro Storico (Historic Centre) area where most of the historical sites (fountains, palaces, ancient architecture, sacred shrines, etc.) because it is the area of the old city. This part of the city is lower in altitude in comparison with the other part of the city. The second ring of the area contains a less urban fabric density with the presence of mountains and volcanoes also with the presence of more water sources coming from some lakes above mountains. One of the famous regions is Agnano A volcanic crater famed and favored by the Romans and the Greeks for its hot springs, now one of the centers of Neapolitan fun with one of the city's largest discos and one of the biggest sporting centers of Naples. Also to be found within the area are thermal baths, ruins of Roman baths, la Grotta del Cane a Molfetta, and home to numerous vulcanic phenomenons, and the Astroni crater a WWF oasis.

Pozzuoli

The last area that we want to highlight is the rural area with very rich soil due to the volcanic ashes from the nearby volcano which make it excellent for intensive agricultural activities. The area is less urbanized compared to the other areas and most of the houses there are relatively new from the time period of 1991 - 2000. The majority of the area is oriented to agriculture and a big part of the building is characterized as agricultural-supported buildings. The area is 40 m above sea level with 89 m mountains crossing the area from the northeast and southwest direction.

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Campi Flegrei

Intermediate Rurale Areas

Rural Areas with Intensive Agriculture

Second Ring

Melito di Napoli Casoria

Marano

Napoli

San Giorgio

Bay of Naples

Connection for Focus areas

First Ring

Core Center of the City

Naples Cruise Terminal

Ring Border

Intermediate Rurale Areas

Ring Border

2.2 LANDSCAPE & CLIMATE :Generations of observers have described Naples as a vast popular theatre, a designation applying as much to the city’s aspect of a tiered arena as to its animated street life. It may also be characterized as an immense presepio, in evocation of the populous scene of the traditional Neapolitan Christmas crèche—the expansive natural setting being countered, within the town itself, by a congested vitality. In the shadow of Vesuvius, within the sweep of the bay, the Neapolitan decor is still predominantly one of moldering palaces in red or ochre and ancient churches in stone or stucco. The blond, volcanic tuff, of the region is much used in construction, as is the dark Vesuvian lava that paves the older streets. Magisterial use was also made, in past centuries, of the dark southern stone piperno, seen at its most imposing at the Castel Nuovo. The city’s aspect of southern colours interspersed with evergreen groves of ilex, palm, camellia, and umbrella pine reflects a climate in which balconies are in use most of the year. The climate of Naples, the capital of the Campania region, is Mediterranean, with mild, rainy winters and hot, sunny summers.The daily average temperature ranges from about 9 °C (48 °F) in January and February to about 24 °C (75 °F) in July and August. Here are the average temperatures. Rainfall is quite abundant, in fact, it amounts to about 1,000 millimeters (40 inches) per year; the wettest season is autumn, especially the months of October and November, followed by the winter months. Therefore, Naples is not always the "Sunshine City". In summer, however, the rains are rare, and occur in the form of downpours or thunderstorms. The vegetation layer is present in many parts of the area due to the mountains surrounding and crossing the area. In the map, the solid green highlights the forest in the mountains and water valleys, and the dotted green for agriculture is in the rural area as well throughout the city.

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Campi Flegrei

Monte Corvara

Monte Barbaro

Canale Riserva Naturale Campi di Quarto CarateredegliAstroni Flegrei

Lago Grande

Monte Spina

Term

Pisci

me di Agnano

ine Termali

Bay of Naples

Parco Virgiliano

Parco Urbano dei Camaldoli

2.3 RAIL NETWORK :The first railway in Italy was the Napoli-Portici line, built in 1839 to connect the royal palace of Naples to the seaside. After the creation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861, a project was started to build a network from the Alps to Sicily, in order to connect the country. The first high-speed train was the Italian ETR 200, which in July 1939 went from Milan to Florence at 165 km/h (103 mph), with a top speed of 203 km/h (126 mph).[5] With this service, the railway was able to compete with the upcoming airplanes. The Second World War stopped these services. After the Second World War, Italy started to repair the damaged railways, and built nearly 20,000 km (12,000 mi) of new tracks. Nowadays the rail tracks and infrastructure are managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI),while the train and the passenger section is managed mostly by Trenitalia. Both are Ferrovie dello Stato (FS) subsidiaries, once the only train operator in Italy. This map aiming to find the areas of the city that are well connected by the railway network as well as to find the condition of the targeted lines. The darker lines are active and more frequently used lines for both passengers and cargo and the lighter color is the less frequent lines. The trains station we highlighted are ( Naples Central , Interno Porto , Montesano , Campi Flegrei , QuatroTrain Station ).The last one is consider important in the high intensive agriculure area. New projects as development in the railway network. It forms part of the modernization of the Naples-Bari railway, which will be crucial to the development of southern Italy and enhance its economic and social integration with the rest of the country and Europe as a whole.

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Quatro Train Station

Bay of Naples

Campi Flegrei Train Station

Montesano Train Station

Interno Porto Train Station

Naples Central Train Station

2.4 CYCLING ROUTES :The cycling Route Scalandrone ( Notable roads/trails that you'll be traveling on: Galleria delle Quattro Giornate, Via Nicola Fasano, Via Scalandrone, Via Raimondo Anechinno, and Variante Solfatara ). The cycling Route Monte Gauro ( Notable roads/trails that you'll be traveling on: Via Campi Flegrei, Via Montagna Spaccata, Via Fascione, Galleria delle Quattro Giornate, and SP56 ). The cycling Route Lago Miseno ( Notable roads/trails that you'll be traveling on:Via Scalandrone,Via Montagna Spaccata, Via Lido Miliscola,Via Lungolago, and Via Castello). The cycling Route Il Grande Ciclo ( Notable roads/trails that you'll be traveling on: Via Sartania, Via del Marzano, Via Campana, Via San Vito, and Corso Europa ). The cycling Route Marano,Napoli ( Notable roads/trails that you'll be traveling on: Via Venezia, Via Nuova San Rocco, Corso Umberto, Corso Mediterraneo, and Via Giovanni Falcone ). The cycling Route Marano,Napoli ( Notable roads/trails that you'll be traveling on: Via Venezia, Via Nuova San Rocco, Corso Umberto, Corso Mediterraneo, and Via Giovanni Falcone ). The cycling Route Caserta, Volturno, Limatola(Notable roads/trails that you'll be traveling on: Strada Provinciale Limatola Biancano, via Calabricito, SP167 Caserta -Ponti della Valle, SP23, and Viale Comandante Umberto Maddalena ). The cycling Route Vesuvio a Pozzuoli ( Notable roads/ trails that you'll be traveling on: SP140, Via San Vito, Via Nicola Fasano, Via Europa, and Via Libertà ).

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Campi Flegrei

Scalandrone Cycling Route

Monte Gauro Cycling Route

Giro Pomerdiano Cycling Route

Bay of Naples

Lago Miseno Cycling Route

Il Grande Ciclo Cycling Route

Marano di Napoli Cycling Route

Caserta,Volturno,Limatola Cycling Route

Vesuvio a Pozzuoli Cycling Route

DEFINING SITE 3.1 AGRICULTURAL SITE :To find a site for our agricultural proposal we try to put connection, biking accessible, and rich soil for agricultural activities. From overlapping the previous analysis the area Quarto is shown as a very potential area with less urban fabric density as well it is within the high intensive agricultural area . Quarto is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Naples in the Italian region Campania, located about 11 km northwest of Naples.Quarto borders the following municipalities: Giugliano in Campania, Marano di Napoli, Naples, Pozzuoli, Villaricca. The relationship between the town and the agricultural activity that takes place around it has roots in a very distant age. The background of medieval paintings shows that from the dawn of the first urban settlements there was a perceived need to surround towns with plots of land devoted to growing products. The purpose was to be able to quickly satisfy the food-related needs of citizens and to offer an easy placement for agricultural products. The marriage between towns and the surrounding countryside takes on new colours in the light of the modern concept of agriculture as a multifunctional activity. Within the Italian legal system this has been formally enshrined in the new definition of the agricultural entrepreneur set out in Act 228/2001 of the EU legal guidelines.

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Agricultural activity no longer plays the traditional role as only the manufacturer of products. Rather, it is seen as a provider of a range of services to the tourism-related industry, as well as a means for the enhancement, safeguarding and management of the environment and the landscape.

3.2 LOCAL ACTION PLAN - EU URBAN ACT :The Local Action Plan from European Union was thinking a development for the area of the Port of Napoli. They have been giving some focus areas which are in the interest of Municipality of Naples for improvement for a better tranformation of Port in more Sustainable way. The different actors involved in the URBACT Local Support Group, as well as relating to one another, agree to follow the entire process concept. The Local Support Group (URBACT Local Support Group—ULSG) consists of representatives of stakeholders at various levels authorities, local and non-citizens, individuals, associations, universities and any stakeholders which can make a contribution to the design and implementation of the Local Action Plan. Their key is to develop: • A better connection between port and city which will create a high quality tourist support for cruise passengers • A positive economic impact for commercial and handicraft areas close to the port • Approaching the cruise activity as an opportunity to redevelop the industrial derelict areas in urban park and recreational/cultural places and to upgrade the quality of life We were focus to keep the issues that are in the interest of the European Union and municipality based on our idea of the Project Propose and these focus issues to try to merge with our ideas of the development of the port and historical part of the city in a very sustainable way approach. So in these three maps we highlight the interest key which we inclued in our project: • • •

Enhance Connection from Historical Center to Port Action Plan for Greenery Interested are for Redevelopment

GREEN STRATEGY 4.1 CONCEPT :In rural areas throughout the world , agriculture activites represents the predominant land use and a major component of the viability of rural areas. Farming and related activities make up the basic fabric of rural life, contributing significantly to the overall state of rural regions in terms of employment and business opportunities, infrastructure and quality of the environment. The degree to which farming represents a share of the rural economy, and hence its relative importance as a sector, determines its potential economic contribution to rural development. In some countries, farming may be the primary economic activity of a region and support the vast majority of the population in employment. In such regions, it is clear that overall social and political stability is inextricably linked with the condition of the agriculture sector. From this point and by making strip map through the city of Naples we can see the city can be divided into four main divisions the first is the rural area which can provide a new land of opportunity for the more sustainable economy and lower the urban pressure in the city core. The second part is the urban sprawl of the suburban part of the city which in the case of the city facing denser and pollution, The third part is the historical center or core with very high density and consider historical as well facing a problem of connection to the fourth part which is the port which is less pedestrianoriented and more industrially characteristic.

Interest Area Organic Agriculture

Ec Bike

Our strategy starting from the rural area to the city port through the suburban and the city center through a green corridor. The rural area as an organic agricultural spot and by creating an ecological corridor through the city providing sustainable transportation reaching a sustainable and green city port. Rural Area Opportunity

cological Corridor e line, green corridor

Green intervention Historical Part of the City

Redevelopment of the Port Hub Market, Landscape and Integration

City Dense, Pollution

Historical Part of the City Dissconection

Area of Port Bussinesse and Industrial Zone

4.2 CITY STRATEGY :To define our strategy in the city map we are showing the proposed area for the agricultural part of our project located in the rural area of Qurto municipality in the northwestern part of the metropolitan area of Naples. 11.40 kilometers ecological corridor '' Green corridor '' to work as sustainable transportation path which connects between the agricultural site and the Hub market in the port of the city and while crossing the city the corridor will provide more green surfaces by replacing some of the parking space as well to connect this new proposed green space with the existing green spaces through our ecological corridor. The agricultural site will provide sustainable organic agricultural activities while adopting more sustainable electrical utilities to maintain more healthy products well the project will provide educational activities for researchers and students also provide touristic activities as it is already activity related to the area and to complete the ecological chain the site will contain three water ponds and livestock zone and we think by applying all the above approaches the project will have more than economical benefit will help employ residents and immigrants and sit an example that can be applied in other areas and regions. The port hub market will create a seafront that allows citizens to enjoy the seafront also boosting the tourism activity in the port area, and to create a more complete system of urbanism we propose a sustainable approach by introducing more greenery to the area and continue this green connecting to the city dense center and connect it to the historical Piazza Del Mercato in the city center also providing a small wooden structure which can use a small market or working space and with the small size can be moved and located in different sites within the city, So with this vision, we believe we can create a more connected green pedestrian seaside spaces with less parking spaces with the most of the europian city-oriented more sustainable transportation.

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ORGANIC AGRICULTURE Zone:Quatro Interest of Municipality

Train Station

Bay of Naples

Ecological Corridor

Train Station Montesano

Ecological Corridor in FOOD MARKET HUB Naples Cruise Historical Part of the Terminal City

Central Station

GREEN CORRIDOR

Walkway Parking

Traffic Line

Parking Walkway

Green

Existing Situation Street ‘Corso Umberto I’

5.1 STREET SECTIONS :We are showing the changes will occur in some selected street to show how our proposal for the ecological corridor will improve the layout of the street division. In Street ‘Corso Umberto I’ existing situation as shown in the drawing we replaced the third parking lot on both sidewalks which 2.5m and 5m long as a vegetation bed and in the wide 4m walkway we provided a 1.5 bike path separated from the street with vegetation. In Street Dell’Epomeo existing situation since we have an 8m wide walkway with green spaces we propose green space on the other side of the street by replacing some parking spaces and in the 5m walkway we propose a 1.5m biking path. In Street Seitolla existing situation appear to have enough green spaces we focused on providing the biking lane with a lower level to separate from the pedestrian walkway for this case. Walkway Parking

Traffic Line

Parking Bike Walkway + Green Path

Proposal Green Corridor Street ‘Corso Umberto I’

Green

Green + Walkway

Traffic Line

Parking

Walkway

Traffic Line

Walkway

Existing Situation Street ‘Dell’Epomeo’

Green + Walkway

Traffic Line

Parking Bike Walkway + Green Path

Proposal Green Corridor Street ‘Dell’Epomeo’

Green

Existing Situation Street ‘Seitolla’

Walkway

Traffic Line

Bike Path

Green

Proposal Green Corridor Street ‘Seitolla’

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SECTION CULTIVATION

01-Agriculture in Italy 02-Analysis 03-Strategy 04-Master plan 05-Architecture

AGRICULTURE IN ITALY 1.1 AGRO-FOOD SYSTEMS :Agriculture is not only the activity that provides food to society. It always had, and still has, a multifunctional role by providing society with construction materials, fibres, chemicals, energy, environmental services and landscape protection. In times of increasing population and decreasing availability of cheap energy sources, the multifunctional role of agriculture becomes much more important and cannot be disregarded. Even if GDP, labor and energy expenditure associated to agriculture never represent the largest fraction of total performance of a national developed economy, yet the role of such a sector goes much beyond the actual food production and calls for higher attention by concerned policy makers. The performance of agricultural activity needs to be assessed, monitored and improved - if needed - in order to keep it at the highest possible level. This is not only in the interest of the farmer, but also and mainly in the interest of a country's population and economic wealth. Agricultural activity is also required by many to become a source of energy (from biomass conversion) to replace the declining oil availability. Agriculture is one of the main activity by which mankind continually organizes and defines interactions with the surrounding ecosystem. In particular, agro-food systems are the socio-economic systems by which societies define agricultural activities and their relationship with natural system. The dynamics and performance of agriculture – as for all other productive sectors of an economy – can be evaluated in many ways by means of economic, social and environmental parameters. In general, the economic performance is the most investigated aspect, due to its links to the employment and social parameters. However, a comprehensive evaluation cannot disregard the resource use and other environmental aspects, that shed light on the environmental sustainability of the sector by focusing on parameters such as energy consumption, material resource use and environmental integrity.

1.2 AGRICULTURE IN NAPLES :The economy of the city of Naples and the surrounding area is heavily reliant on agriculture, as well as industry and the cargo port, which is one of Italy’s busiest. Naples is well known for its food – after all, the city gave birth to the pizza and is renowned as the best place to take coffee in Italy – and takes great pride in its produce. Over 5% of employment in the region is from agriculture; key crops include citrus fruit, olives, grapes, figs, apricots, cherries and plums, but the staple crop here is the tomato. Italy is one of the world’s leading producers of tomatoes, and contributes over half of Europe’s tomato yield. Many of the farms are based in the Bay of Naples. Much of southern Italy is formed from limestone and has poor quality soil. However, the area around Mount Vesuvius has been covered with thick layers of ash and lava from eruptions such as that of 79AD which covered Pompeii and Herculaneum with between 5 – 20m of volcanic material. This ash and lava is rich in minerals and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, which are essential for plant growth. The volcanic soil here is therefore incredibly fertile. As a result, farmers in this area have focussed their attention on growing fruit and vegetables, rather than cereals which are grown in poorer quality soils elsewhere in the south of Italy. The italian market for organic food has grown steadily over the past few years, with the financial crisis having no significant effect on it. It is estimated that most of the organic products consumed in the country are produced domestically. Top-selling products: Fruit and vegetables (25 % of the organic market), dairy products (18 %), breakfast cereals and hot beverages e.g. Coffee, tea (12 %) and beverages (10 %). Data: associazione nazionale delle imprese di trasformazione e distribuzione di prodotti biologici (assobio).

1.3 SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE :According to the definition coined by the Agricultural Sustainability Institute at UC Davis, the goal of sustainable agriculture is to meet society’s food and textile needs in the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In 2018, the FAO further expanded on the theme in its “Transforming Food and Agriculture to Achieve the SDGs” document to encourage an integrated approach to sustainable agriculture in reference to the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Technological innovation has a fundamental role to play in achieving sustainability. Smart agriculture or agriculture 4.0 is the new frontier and involves applying industry 4.0 innovations to the sector: digitalisation, geolocation, connection to the internet and the Internet of Things. Italy is playing a leading role in sustainable agriculture. According to the most recent Symbola-Coldiretti report on the Green Economy, Italian agriculture is now the greenest in Europe. Data from 2017, in particular, reveals that Italy is the only country in the world with 296 EU-recognised geographical indications (GI) for its food products, tops the world in terms of food safety, is the only country to have provided a system certified by an integrated public body for sustainable pesticide management, with stricter standards than those provided for under obligatory integrated pest management legislation ,Has the second largest area of agricultural land used for organic farming in the EU with a total of 75,873 farms certified organic ,is the world’s second largest exporter of organic products after the US Smart agriculture, renewable and circular Italy is at the cutting-edge too in terms of major agriculture 4.0 projects. Foe example sustainable water management , solar energy , drones, sensors and remote control systems for precision agriculture, and electric vehicles for workers

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1.4 SITE SURVEY :The Project site is located in the northwest portion of Naples, about 11 km far, in the Municipality of Quarto, the major activity is Productive Landscape. The topography rises to the north part of the Project site. The view from a site afforded by its topography can add value to the place. About the soil, the volcanic soil here is therefore incredibly fertile. As a result, farmers in this area have focussed their attention on growing fruit and vegetables, rather than cereals which are grown in poorer quality soils. The Quarto landscape is thus structured starting from the historical use of the plain and volcanic slopes. The water interface to the site area is huge, which inner canals coming from the main river 'Volturno' from the northwest part of the location, are passing through our site giving more opportunity and value to the site. The surrounding area is fragmented and has no uniform character. The surrounding area includes Private Houses and some small commercial buildings developed in all directions, not more than three stories, which means this architecture in the surrounding part is showing the population which might be more familiar without not the presence of employment to much. The site is in easy reach, the site is surrounded by existing infrastructure. It also consists of a railway line that passes through the exterior side of the site with the existing building of Train Station which is out of function nowadays. Existing street 'Via Campana' which pass by near our site is one of the main streets which comes from city center to the site. The parking is available to the area next to the Train Station which leads directly people to the street 'Via Casalanno' passing by the site. Any proposed new infrastructure needed to serve the project would be connected to the existing infrastructure. The development will be seen as part of the existing settlement.

1.5 FOCUS SITE SURVEY :The location of the Private Agriculture in the rural area of Naples, Quarto area, is more a productive Landscape with a variety of existing landfills of plants and Productive Trees, such as Fruit Trees. The existing Productive Landscape shows an existing grid traced by the walkways, showing a division of lands between different types of plants that are owned by different owners. The topography in the site has a gentle slope compare with the surrounding topography. The volcanic soil here is therefore incredibly fertile. As a result, farmers in this area have focussed their attention on growing fruit and vegetables, rather than cereals which are grown in poorer quality soils elsewhere in the south of Italy. Barrier trees (Mapple Trees & Fruit Trees) are occurring along the area and are creating a buffer zone between the site and infrastructure, construction areas. The variety of vegetation and crops let us understand an opportunity for creating a biodiversity land and returning the animals to the fields in which the presence of different species and the presence of animals is missing. The infrastructure along the farm area is not well maintained but is giving the opportunity for regeneration and extension of the road leading to the main focus of the 'Via Seitolla' area coming from the City - Urban Part into the Agriculture Zone but not entering, only up to private homes which are present in the site production areas. The existing Train Station is present on the 'Via Casalanno' road but does not work, which will be a great opportunity to connect the Site with the Urban part of Naples City, directly with the Naples 'Central Train Station', or with the other important Station in other cities, which will give a huge opportunity for importing of the goods from a place to another place by train. There is not too much data of the existing building but as much as we got was without functions.

1.6 AGRICULTURE LAND DIVISION :Roman land division and assignation goes back to the 4th century BC, starting with the expansion of Roman power during the Latin and Samnite wars, and saw another heyday during the civil wars of the late republic when a great number of veterans required land.

Grid 7*7 M

Land division is a case of deliberate shaping of the rural area, which was in effect initiated by the Roman government. At a closer look it becomes clear that this shaping was also designed to control and optimize soil moisture. This control, and thereby agricultural usability of, the rural area of Roman settlements was taken into account deliberately from the very foundation of these communities. The orientation of the cadasters in relation to topography matters because, for example, drainage along the roads is facilitated when they follow the slope. It seems plausible that the decision about the exact arrangement and orientation of the land division grid was taken on location, but we know very little about the course of events that led to the final decision about the grid’s orientation. There is evidence suggesting that at an early stage the commissioners, or one of them, were directly involved in the measuring and dividing of the land, or in any case present during the works in certain cases,35 but it is difficult to reconstruct the procedure and to determine the exact role and competences of those involved at any given time. The centuriatio is the system of division and allocation of the territories most exploited by the Romans.

Building by module

New envelope

Main measurement units used by the Roman surveyors are the following: Jugerum 71X35m, Actus 35x35m, Heredium 4 actus. For the purpose of creating a modular for architectural units, we chose the modular 7m * 7m and with the height of 3.5m for one floor and 7m for two or double-height floor.

Result

EBRO JALON

CAESARAUGUSTA

HUERVA

Reconstruction of the Augustan centuriation of Caesar Augusta.

SITE ANALYSIS 2.1 AGRO-FOOD SYSTEMS :Agriculture in the Municipality of Quarto is one of the important economic activities due to the very rich soil because of the presence of volcanic ashes which made the area very suitable for agricultural activities. Most of the agricultural fields area existing are owned privately or by small tomatoes packing companies the scale of the production is also quite small due to the local traditional agricultural activity by depending more on manpower or fuel operating vehicles. The majority of the agricultural crops grown in this area focused more on Mazie, Fruits, and Cereals due to the bigger economic outcome. One of the big advantages of the location is the existing river less than 5 km north of our site which connected to our site with channels crossing the site. Going through to the geographic data of the municipality (Surface: 14,16 square kilometers. Height above sea level: 55 meters. Min. height: 28 meters. Max. Height: 246 meters. Altimetric difference: 218 meters)which we can notice in our site that east part has higher altitude. Field Data:

Crops

Tress Mazie Fruit Trees Cereals others Soybeans Vegetables Grass Focus Site size around

Field Data 140.6 ha 7 ha 190 ha 10.5 ha 28.4 ha 10 ha 7.9 ha 63 ha

Trees

Maize

Fruit Trees

Other Cereals

Soybeans

Vegetables

Grass

2.2 TRANSPORTATION NETWORK :As we projecting in the map the site transportation network. As train circulation surrounding the site, we can notice there is a main train line less than km south. The line include ( Train Station Quatro Centro, Train Station Quatro, and Train StationQuatro Officina) which is connecting to the previously mentioned EU Trans network of trains. Also important to mention the out of order train station which is quite close to the southern border of our site which by make it operational we can have a transportation hub to deliver the products to the city and outside the city, because of the different topography of the site area the train transportation which is cheaper and more sustainable without to forget to mention faster as well. Street network around the city we have Via Campania which one of the main street connecting the municipality to the other major city such as Roma as well as the center of the city of Napoli. Our site is connected to Via Campania through a secondary road which is less occupied due to the less dense Urban fabric and because most of the area is used for agriculture and small factories, Although we have a secondary road in the east direction of our site which is one direction going from the southwest to the northeast which may inflect a bit with a smooth circulation of the site. Studying circulation more in-depth we notice two small buildings complex inside the boundary of the targeted site which may be interrupting the circulation coming across the north-south axes. The urban fabric crosses our site majorly small supporting food industry building and churches, what we wanted to highlight is the commercial center ( Quarto Nuovo - Centro Commerciale ) which can be one of the main distributors of the site products due to the increased demand of organic food in the Italian market, as well as the present of a number of restaurants around the site and the city which can be a valuable customer to the site production.

Commercial Center

Train Line Napoli-Rome

Main Road Via Campania

Demolish Buildings

Secondary Streets

One way Street

Train Station Quatro Officina

Train Station Out of Function

Train Station Quatro

Train Station Quatro Centro

AGRICULTURE STRATEGY 3.1 CONCEPT :As a first step to find away to define the grid line for both landscape and architecture. We start by defining the existing line of urban and agricultural street and pathways . The second step is to apply our proposed grid from the Roman grid 7 * 7 m in our site to help determine the location and the size and height for the architecture and landscape units, while applying the new grid we consider the existing grid orientation. Finally by overlapping the existing grid and our proposal one we define the zones of the agricultural field and the area we intend to use for the supporting architectural buildings.

EXISTING GRID CONNECTIONS

By breaking the grid rigidity , we followed the natural curve of the topography to create a more natural and dynamic walkway through the site started from the northeastern more elevated land to the southwestern lower land. For the building units (solid units)we created a vertical direction, by locating the units in the center to make the acceptability more easily from the agricultural fields around as well as easily able to allow the units to have a smooth circulation from the northern and southern streets. Combining both the natural curve and the vertical circulation axes we can make the unit a cross circulation area where the walkway crosses the site which is oriented to the pedestrian and the vertical axes more dedicated to the vehicles and to make the circulation more practical the northern unit is more connected to the north street and the south unit more attached to the southern street so in this case, the dominate axes will be the walkway without crossing the vertical axes. BREAKING THE GRID - NATURAL CURVE WALKWAY

PROPOSAL GRID

BASE 7*7 m

LAND DIVSION

VERTICAL DIRECTION

PROPOSAL CONCEPT

SOLID CORE

TOGETHER

3.2 PROPOSED STRATEGY :In our strategy for agriculture site, we created the bike/ pedestrian access from the existing bike coming from the south direction of the site crossing the site and when it reached the first proposed water accumulation pond the path split into two paths one go on the ground through the agricultural field and the second continue as a bridge crossing over the second water accumulation pond and the bridge land in the central building area and then continue in the ground level until it reaches the last pond in the far northeast part of the site. As a reminder the site topography differences from the lower southwest to the northeast by 8 meters which create more dynamic and changing walking or biking through the different trees and vegetation fields. Farm ponds are used as one of the strategies to support water conservation. Much of the rainfall runs off the ground. The run off not only causes loss of water but also washes away precious top soil. Farm ponds help the farmers to store water and to use it for irrigation. Farm pond is a dugout structure with definite shape and size. They have proper inlet and outlet structures for collecting the surface runoff flowing from the farm area. The size and depth of the pond depend upon the amount of land available, the type of soil, water requirement of farmers and the cost of excavation. The stored water is used for irrigation. Some of the advantages of agriultural ponds are they provide water to growing crops, without waiting for rainfall,They provide water for irrigation, even when there is no rain,they reduce soil erosion,they recharge ground water ,they improve drainage,the excavated soil can be used to enrich soil in fields and levelling lands ,they promote fish rearing , they provide water for domestic purposes and livestock.

AGRICULTURE MASTER PLAN 4.1 MASTER PLAN :The Master plan representing the whole system of the agricultural site showing the crops and trees and protecting the building's core center in the middle of the site. And the site is surrounding by existing and Maples trees to create a green built to protect the crops from the high wind as well as According to the World Agroforestry Center: “Agroforestry is a dynamic, ecologically based, natural resources management system that, through the integration of trees in farmland and rangeland, diversifies and sustain production for increased social, economic and environmental benefits for land users at all levels.”A tree grows tall and deep, spreading both its branches above the ground and its roots underground, therefore it makes the ground fresher and softer for other plants to settle. The roots increase the soil drainage and aeration, some trees can even fix nitrogen and enrich the soil. The leaves and branches of the tree shadow the ground and reduce the soil evapotranspiration and thus reduce the need for irrigation. A tree is the home of various living beings such as insects, birds and plants. A tree is also great for farmers. It can be a source of food and medicine for home, and a source of fodder for the livestock. The building core is standing in breaks pavement to create a less heated area and to allow vehicles and users to move smoothly. As the transportation is electrical bikes for users so most of the parking is bikes parking with charging stands. PROPOSAL A - Core Buildings A1 - Farm Building ( livestock ) B - Agro - Forest Nodes C - Pedestrian Bridge D - Main entrance E - Transportation entrance F - Bicycle path Connection

4.2 TREES & VEGETATION :After carefully studying the effect of the agricultural planted next to each other and not affect the productivity we come with this vegetation layout which assures all the crops production will be as efficient as possible. Water resources sustainability is the ability to use water in sufficient quantities and quality from the local to the global scale to meet the needs of humans and ecosystems for the present and the future to sustain life, and to protect humans from the damages brought about by natural and humancaused disasters that affect sustaining life. Sustainable Development is the management and conservation of the natural resource base, and the orientation of technological and institutional change in such a manner as to ensure the attainment and continued satisfaction of human needs for present and future generations. Such sustainable development conserves land, water, plant and animal genetic resources, is environmentally non-degrading, technically appropriate, economically viable and socially acceptable. TREES

CROPS

1. Maple Trees (8-20m) 2. White Poplar (13-20m) 3. Orange Tree (9-10m) 4. Lemon Tree (3-6m) 0.1 Maize 0.2 Lettuce 0.3 Tomato 0.4 Herbs Mint 0.5 Soybean 0.6 Peppers 0.7 Carrots 0.8 Organic Livestock 0.9 Study Area planted Crops.

4.3 AGRO-FOREST NODES :-

As shown by the master plan three highlighted agroforestation nodes which shown our idea for a zone around the water accumulation pond which can provide researchers the opportunities to observe the effect of different crops and trees planted next to each other without affecting the surrounding productive fields. Growing of trees in combination with other field agricultural activities, such as cultivation of crops and rearing of animals, can typically be termed as an agroforestry system. Agroforestry practices on agricultural land make an important contribution to climate change mitigation, but are not systematically accounted for in either global carbon budgets or national carbon accounting. Agroforestry has traditionally been important elements of temperate regions around the world. The main goals of agroforestry system are increasing the overall productivity and efficiency of a land use system. Agroforestry systems have higher capability to store carbon in above- and belowground as compared to treeless systems. Therefore, this system provides a sink for of atmospheric carbon.

4.3 AGRO-FORST NODES :-

A close up look into one of our Agro - forestation node to show how this ecological system work. The agricultural crops are ( A : Tomato, B : Lettuce, D : Herbs Mint ) and the trees are C: Lemon and the middle water bond will have the combination of the previous crops and trees while in the closer boundary of the bond will by Maples trees and different local flowers as well as water purification plant into the pond. Heavy metals, bacteria, oil and other pollutants can be removed with the help of wetland plants. Cattail, typically growing between 5 and 10 feet tall, can remove metals such as zinc, cadmium, lead and nitrate from water. Water mint, or Mentha aquatica, grows up to 6 inches high with light purple flowers and should be first planted in a container before being moved to the water. The upper level will have a light wooden structure bridge that will allow the pedestrian and bikers to cross the bond and enjoy it without interfering with the agricultural activity at the ground level. The highest of the bridge will not exceed the highest of 7 meters

4.4 SECTIONS :-

The sections aiming to show the differnt existing topograhy of the land and also to project the relationship between the building, the bridge and the landscape. The seven meters height buildings with double floors and is located in the middle to prevent the shadow created by the buildings to affect the crops and the wooden shading devices to create indoor shadows for the building as well as light the buildings have a different small courtyard to create indoor plantation and light. The integrated pest management aims to use natural ecological species features to control pest on the field. Three ways to control pest is: to interfere with their host finding system.to attract or disperse pests from valuable crops. to attract beneficials to infested crops. The use of natural pest enemies can be done by enhancing their habitat. Pesticides are classified by target organism, crop, application time and site, spectrum and mode of action, chemical structure, and toxicity. Today, there is a need to complexify the agricultural systems to make them resilient and resistant to climate change.

ARCHITECURE PLANS

5.1 SITE PLAN :The building layout is divided into three main building taking from the shown map the first upper building dedicated to the staff which will provide them with the necessary function. The second building in the lower part of the master plan is the touristic and visitors building which contains a vegetation museum which is offering a walkthrough experience with 3d projecting systems, lecture rooms, offices, and visitors' restaurants offering local dishes from our agricultural fields. The larger building is the production unit which contains a maintenance unit with engineering offices and AI agricultural system. For the material of the pavement between the building and to create flat and cool surfacue we chose Travertine is harder and less porous than its cousin limestone, which makes it somewhat easier to maintain. It stays cool to the touch and makes a lovely poolside surface for bare feet.For the area next to the production unit which will face more vehicle movement we chose Concrete paver blocks.

C A

5.2 GROUND FLOOR MASTER PLAN :Projecting the ground floor plan of the site to show the relationships of the small units inside every building envelope. The proposal is based on a multi-disciplinary work aimed at interacting positively on different components of the project: the built environment, the natural environment, the social system and the economic values. A range of key indicators have been selected for orienting the site analysis and for defining a monitoring system of the project performances. The project proposal is focused on a biologic, modern farm, able to generate income and environmental services for the district, but also be able to answer some of service needs of the residents, integrating the difficulties in managing the public administration . Organic product needs to be stored and transported in a way that it is properly identified and physically separated from non-organic products. 1- Restaurant

12- Quality control

2- Kitchen

13- Cleaning unit

3- Service area

14- Monitoring units

4- Reception

15- Production unit

5- Staff offices

16- Engineering office

6- Clinic

17- Sorting unit

7- Lockers, baths, and toilets

18- Freezing storage

8- Restroom

19- Loading area

9- Store

20- Trucks loading area

10- Vegetation museum

21- Loading office

11- Maintenance workshop

8 7 4

6 4

15 16

7 9

5.3 3D EXPLODED PLANS :The architecture general distribution of the functions is divided into three units the longer and bigger unit used as a production unit and the other two units one dedicated to the staff and the last one closer to the southern border of the site is used by visitors and researchers. The visitors unit contains through the ground floor a walkthrough vegetation museum extended to the first floor and on the ground floor we have also a reception and restaurant with utilities and outdoor sitting area the first floor contain a lecture room, office, and indoor dining area. The staff unit has a restaurant on the ground floor with staff closest and a rest area the upper first floor contain a daycare and staff rooms with an indoor dining area. The last bigger unit have a production line and storage and loading area with maintenance unit all of them extended in two floors.

1- Museum

13- Storage

2- Reception

14- Loading area

3- Kitchen

15- Loading office

4- Restaurant

16- Lecture room

5- Clinic

17- Office

6- Offices

18- Restaurant & bar

7- Staff restroom

19- Meeting room

8- Maintance unit

20- Manager office

9- Offices

21- Daycare

10- Cleaning & process unit

22- Staff rooms

11- Collecting unit

23- Production line

12- Packing unit

24- Loading area

16 1

2 3

23 13

10 11

8 10 9

8 18 20 19 4

3 2

6 5 2 7

5.4 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM :The structural system of these modular building units is a combined system of steel and wood. For the production unit due to the activity related to machines the building will be from steel and concrete structure but the partition and walls, as well as the roof, will be from prefabricated wood for sustainability and the use of adapting this system is flexibility and movability. The modular construction system makes of steel sections because it has long been a popular building material. Steel framing takes this strong and durable material and creates panels from it. The use of timber as a construction material dates back to ancient history, with specific techniques differently developed within different regions. In the Mediterranean regions, specifically in Italy, timber was mainly used for roof and floor structures, whereas buildings assembled using only wood structure could be found only in the Alpine area. The use of timber as shading device provides that the material can resist different weather conditions as we can see in City life in Milan the material provided durability without losing any of the material characteristics and also it is a sustainable material. In Italy new engineerized wood materials, mainly glued laminated timber beams (glulam) and cross laminated timber panels Xlam or CLT, allow wood to be used for long-span structures (large roofs, pedestrian and road traffic bridges) and multi-storey buildings. For the small market we are using Light wood frame construction which has long been the go-to framing choice for low- and mid-rise and, increasingly, commercial buildings. Cost effectiveness, material use efficiency, ease of assembly, minimal environmental impact and the ready availability of labor and materials make light wood frame construction.

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SECTION DOCKSYARD 01-Port of Naples

02-Analysis 03-Strategy 04-Master plan 05-Piazza del Mercato 06-Hub market 07-Piazza Municipio 08-Molo san Vincenzo

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PORT OF NAPLES 1.1 HISTORICAL TIMELINE :The construction of the “città bassa” Naples in order to demonstrate that Naples had begun developing living areas and quarters near the port from the post-classic phases, becoming not only a Medieval city-port metropolis, but also the capital of the Southern Kingdom in 1282. In the Angevin period the conformation and configuration of Naples was modified when the city became an important site of cultural exchange after both the creation of the new harbour, the Angevin Molo grande, built near the royal towered-residence, the Chateau neuf and the new public open-space in 1310 during the reign of Charles the Second. Thus, in the middle of the 14th century a coastal strip exceeding two km, was urbanized. The historiographical work outlining the construction of Naples up until the late 15th century was portrayed by the drawing of the urban development of a city overlooking the sea. The prominent Aragonese mercantile city-port of Naples, its walled configuration, long waterfront, new-towered royal castle and its dislocation from the mercantile infrastructures was compared to Barcelona, whose port area, dockyard and public market also underwent a large reorganization in the same years as the southern capital. The construction of the medieval historical waterfront between Castelnuovo and the Carmine monastery coincided with the development of a new commercial town, the “città bassa”, which was the core of Naples’ city-port. It was possible to see this magnificent walled maritime configuration, along with the new towered royal castle and the large “L” shaped pier in the first painted view of Naples: the famous Tavola Strozzi. At the end of the 15th century, the surface area of the city-port of Naples was 230 hectares with a population of between 70.000-100.000. Between 1880 - 1885, 660 metres were further added, bringing its total length to about 1,2 km.

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1.2 CRUISE TRAFFIC & EMPLOYMENT:The impact of cruise traffic in Naples on the economy of a city can only be partially arrived at, if all of the different aspects which come under that term are not investigated fully. Even though it is often stated that this sector brings direct benefits to the city's economy and in consequence, has a positive effect on the wider territory, the different segments within this “umbrella” term are rarely separated. In fact, it is necessary to consider the direct ecomonic effects caused by cruise traffic, and those deriving from “the ship effect”, which are not very often apparent to people who are unfamiliar with this field. On average the most modern cruise ships are able to transport approximately 2,000 passengers with 1,500 crew members. Employment is the first beneficiary of the cruise economy from which an important consideration arises: the so called ship gigantism that is the tendency to construct increasingly bigger ships , although this is limited in commercial shipping, the most modern container carriers, which are up to 350 metres in length and do not employ more than 20 people are enormous in the cruise industry because the services and duties that the staff on board have to guarantee cannot be substituted by automation and technology. If, on one hand, the cruise companies often employ immigrants for the lower skilled occupations (respecting legal limits) it is also true that as company policy, the Italian companies tend to prefer Italian staff in order to offer a characteristic cruise, and traditionally staff often come from areas connected to maritime activity, and for greater ease of relationships with other staff. The “ship effect” obviously does not stop here, by creating a value chain for a cruise ship and compiling a short list of the professions (shipping agents, terminal operators, traders in the terminal, mooring staff, pilots, porters, security staff on land and at sea, tour guides, bus drivers, travel agents, other service providers ).

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1.3 AREA OF INTERVENTIONS:Naples is considered an iconic site due to the physical and historical characteristics of its inner city with its ancient port, which has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1995. The areas of the Interest are in the Port and relationship with Historical City Center. This site survey shows the need for integration between city and port. The focus of investigation was in the are of the whole port and connectivity with Historical Center of Napoli protected by UNESCO, Which the Historical center give to the people an amazing jurney by discoveing the history of Napoli itself, contain a lot of ancient Piazzas, old Churches and Castels. The port itself, at the same time, is recognized as a major component in its urban setting in the way it contributes to characterize the form and identity of the city. The existing situation let us to understand that the Port itself is a bussines port and not welcoming people for social comunity. The Port itsef is missing the Green Infrastructure relation between the built and the natural environment, and social acctivites, including the possibility to enjoy the waterfront.Landmarks and old buildings are not missing inside the Port. Inside the Port are Integrated different functions related for the bussines part and infrastructure more. There are many fascinating features in the city it have a nice environment, the sea and the nearby islands in the Bay of Naples and a rich artistic heritage is the welcoming style of Neapolitans. Passenger traffic between in the port of Naples is a fundamental activity, considering that it amounts (including cruise passengers, passengers for the islands of the gulf and those related to coastal navigation) to over nine million units. A port city is an ideal observation point for understanding the dynamics of ongoing urban transformation. In this landscape, the sea is an additional buffer that protects the integrity of the site, evoking the millenary relationship with nature and the landscape, trade and cultural exchanges.

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PORT ANALYSIS 2.1 PORT ZONING :The map showing the urban and functional zones of the port of Naples and the historical old city.The eastern part of the area of the port is the Container terminal which has a storage capacity of 1,336,000 m2, 70 mooring places, 11.5 km of docks, and an annual traffic capacity of around 500,000 TEU's. Next to the container terminal are the commercial and shipyard. The commercial cargo section of the port has four terminals: one for timber, one for cellulose, and two for cereals with a total storage area of 75,000 m2 (810,000 sq ft) (35,000 sq m for timber and cellulose and 40,000 sq m for cereals). The next part is the Passenger terminal. The Port of Naples is one of the largest passenger ports in Italy and one of the largest passenger ports in Europe with total traffic of 8.9 m people in 2007. The cruise terminal has ten mooring places, 7 mobile walkways, 12 computerized check-in desks, and an annual traffic capacity of around 1.5 million passengers. The other more important zones of the port are the business district and Piazza del Mercato district in the historical old city A characteristic of the square is its irregular shape and set between four churches: the church is S. Eligio, the church of Carmine, that of the Cross at the Purgatory and finally that of St. John). The northern part of the container terminal in the industrial area, known as Gianturco from the title of its main road axis (via Emanuele Gianturco), is a district of Naples, which together with the districts of Poggioreale, San Lorenzo, and Vicaria form the fourth municipality of the municipality. It is home to important industries, especially in the chemical and refinery sectors.

Castel Nuovo

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Monumental Complex of Santa Chiara

Shopping Center

Palace of the Immacolatella

Castel Capuano

Piazza del Mercato

Cathedrals

Importanat Squares - Piazza

Central Station

Passenger Area

Business District

Piazza Mercato Handicrafts district

Shipyard Area and Cruise liner trafic

Commercial Zone

Mercato District

Rural Areas with Containers Intensive Agriculture Zone

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2.2 LANDSCAPE AND URBAN SPACES :Trying to map the existing green spaces, empty potential spaces, and parking plots. As we can see we the development of electrical transport and sustainability the mobility sectors will depend less on providing huge space for parking and vehicles maneuvering. We notice from the area surrounding the train tracks coming from the Naples central train station heading to the south. There are small patches creating a kind of green line extending from the industrial area of the port to the area next to the passenger terminal but these patches of green stopped in the area of the passenger terminal and then green spaces areas in the Molosiglio Gardens. The Molosiglio Garden is a city park in the Western part of Naples, located in the San Ferdinando area, between the ferry terminal and the seafront. The garden was designed and built in the 1920s, according to the plan for the reconstruction of the coastal zone of Naples. The area of the park is 21000 m2. It has several large monumental fountains – the Fontana Dei Papiri, the fountain of Lions, and others. Also in the park, there is a Monument to Fanti, established in honor of the soldiers who died during the bitter battles of World War II. The monument is a large column, around which there are five blocks depicting the five largest battles of the war. Mapping the parking area in the area we notice a significant spaces areas that can be used in better use for the benefits of the urban users .as well as showing important landmarks which can benefit more the touristic activities the city. From this analysis, we can notice that in addition to the disconnection of the green space through the area the big street Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton is creating an urban barrier separating the port area from the old city which makes the part a limbo for the local users and visitors which in a way is one of our main area of concern to solve this problem of disconnection.

The Molosiglio Gardends

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Piazza Municipio

Piazza Giovanni Bovio

Green Spaces

Unmaintained Areas

Piazza Nicola Amore

Open Areas

Piazza Nicola Amore

Parking Areas

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2.3 TRANSPORTATION NETWORK:As for the urban transportation in the targeted area, we are focused on the three mean transportation train networks, trams, and biking routes. Train network as shown is quite important since our targetted area including the central train station of the city Naples although the central train station is quite close it is not connected with the passenger and shipping yard although the infrastructure is existing the connection station are not yet functional but through research, we did the authority of the port is showing more interest to operated again with better efficiency with the help of EU funding which will have a big impact as well in the economy of the city regarding importing and exporting different goods. The Naples tramway network (Italian: Rete tranviaria di Napoli) is located within the city and comune of Naples, in the region of Campania, southern Italy. In operation since 1875, the network has waxed and waned in size and vitality over the years, and is now growing once again. It is now 11.8 km long, and comprises three routes, known as lines 1, 2 and 4. Tram line 1 (less crowded and speedier than rhe R2 bus ) from Piazza Municipio (near Hydrofoils and Cruise ships Terminal) to Piazza Garibaldi (Central Station) and Centro Direzionale (the bigger skyline in Italy) through Via Marittima and Corso Garibaldi. Trams headway is ten minutes and travel time is about 10 minutes to Piazza Garibaldi, 20 minutes to Centro Direzionale. The bike route we want to highlight isFontana del Sebeto is a cycling route in Naples. It features an elevation gain of 140m over 22.08 km.Notable trails: Via Amerigo Vespucci, Via Mergellina, Corso San Giovanni a Teduccio, Piazza Municipio, and Via Alcide De Gasperi.Other bike route Aeroporto Internazionale di Napoli (NAP) is a cycling route in Naples. It features an elevation gain of 469m over 45.60 km.Notable trails: Via di Pozzuoli, Discesa Coroglio, Via della Stadera, Via Mergellina, and Rampe Private di Pizzofalcone.

Existing Bikes Line

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Disconnections of existing streets

Tram Stations

Tram Lines

Train Stations

Train Line Quatro - Central S

Train Station Station Out of Function

Train Lines

Central Station

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PORT STRATEGY 3.1 PORT CONCEPT :In the first diagram, we are projecting the existing grid in the port area and the nearby part of the historical old city and by highlighting the streets that create the high dense blocks in both the historical old city and the commercial district .the main issue in this diagram is how the Via Cristoforo Colombo is creating an infrastructure barrier separating the port area from the old city. In the second diagram, we are showing how we want to apply our 7m * 7m grid as a design tool to make the proposal more homogenous with the existing and proposal grid and urban fabric. Finally by overlapping the existing grid and our proposal one we define the zones of the agricultural field and the area we intend to use for the supporting architectural buildings.

EXISTING GRID Barrier between port and historical part

In our concept and by using the following streets: Corso Giuseppe Garibaldi, Via Duomo, Via Marchese Campodisola, and Piazza Municipio and by creating green corridor by replaced the parking spaces with green spaces we can provide more sustainable urban area as well as provide better connectivity. As our focus area, we chose the ISMAR-CNR Sede di Napoli which deals with issues related to the marine environment, with particular regard to geological, chemical, physical, and biological aspects. we think to use the area and by redesigning the building and provide a space to replace the existing function within our building so we can provide a building to serve as a market building and also as a research center. Finally, we are projecting our concept with the new axes and grid to work together as a combined scheme.

VERTICAL CONNECTIONS Historical City Port 116

PROPOSAL GRID

Base 7 x 7 m

Two parallel green corridors

FOCUS AREA

PROPOSAL CONCEPT

Hub Market

Functions together 117

3.2 STRATEGY :The idea for the Strategy inside the port was to convert the concept as a working strategy on the site. As a first step to finding a way to define the grid line for both landscape and architecture. We start by defining the existing line of urban and agricultural streets and pathways. We were trying to find a balance between our idea and existing requirements inside the site. trying to create a network between Landscape, people, and city. The idea was to create first a better connection between the port and the historical part of the city, by improving the existing streets Junctions, at the same time putting in the functions the old railway to come until the area of Passenger for importing the goods from the rural part of the city. The main focus was increasing the green areas . We propose t wo parallel green corridors passing through the Historical part of the city 'Corso Umberto I ', taking into account of regeneration of the open spaces inside the historical part and entering the Passenger area of the Port. The green proposal will continue to be merged with the existing green in the East part. To have a carefully approach to not disturb the circulation inside the port we proposed a 'Pedestrian and Bike Bridge' to give a new way of looking to the port since the port is well known just as an industrial zone. This Bridge will give the citizens and visitors a new experience of the city from the bridge. The bridge itself will go down in some part of the port where will not disturb the existing functions inside the port and will try to give a character to the area by merging with the existing part. The journey of the bridge will start from the focus area 'Hub market' to the important landmark 'Molo San Vicenzo' to return the value of the landmark iself. The bridge has a different type of vegetation which will help to shape the character of the port more in a Sustainable way and giving the feeling of nature inside the Port since the port is too much concrete and there are not present the elements of nature.

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PORT MASTER PLAN 4.1 MASTER PLAN & CIRCULATION :In the Masterplan, we can see how the strategy project has been detailed by defending each proposal by scale. It's sustainable development for Naples’ city-port system to be able to implement in other cities. The vision proposed for the regeneration of the area is based on the commercial development of the port The working areas are: Historical Part green corridor Redevelopment of the square of Piazza Mercato Hub Market - Proposing a Center for selling local product Waterfront - Passenger area Green Pedestrian and Bike Bridge - Sustainable Mobility Accessibility inside the port based on our proposal was to create a path of pedestrian, bicycle, and transportation of the goods by considering the existing circulation. The first diagram shows how this new project is giving people a new walkway inside the port to enjoy more accessibility than before. Giving an extension of the walkway until the Landmark 'Molo San Vicenzo', which now is forbidden to go there due to the military zone which is taking place there. The second diagram shows the bike path proposal with joining the existing bike path which is introduced in the west part of the site with dashed lines. The strong line inside the port shows the bike path upper the bridge to don't interrupt the circulation of the port at zero levels. The Third diagram shows the redevelopment landscape of the junctions of the streets coming to our site by leading to redevelopment areas. Meanwhile is shown how the import the goods coming from the Rural part - Agriculture sites of the city to the Port, by proposal train station near the Passenger area to be led by truck to the Proposal building in Port.

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4.3 FOCUS NODES

As shown by the masterplan, the three highlighted nodes which shown the places where the proposal bridge leads people down to zero levels. This diagrams show the type of planted vegetations in these three nodes. The growing of trees in combination with another type of vegetations, shows us an ecosystem well thinking in the urban area - Port. Choosing the "right plant for the right place" is an important consideration for all types of landscaping. The Diagrams shows the development of the areas. We used maple tree as a general measure of ‘greenness’, to serve as buffer zones between port and streets. The hight of the trees is very important, we were carefully on choosing the trees and placing them to the areas where will not block the views. The 'San Vincenzo Pier' which is taking place after Military zone, where our bridge lead visitors will contain different type of flowers and the upper level is planted with lemon tree which will give an character to the place and attractive zone for visitors. The design landscape near the 'Molo San Vicenzo' Landmark, promote biodiversity and a range of social, physical, and psychological benefits for visitors.

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4.4 LANDSCAPE CONCEPT

Elevated Landscape (inspired from a proposal for a landscaped garden by architecture studio Penda), gives the place a different character and letting them experience nature inside the port. A modular landscaping system comprising a plurality of landscaping logs of varying lengths adapted to be combined together longitudinally and fastened to one another to form the desired structure comprising a top, a bottom. Along this landscape, people can enjoy the environment which will serve as a communal garden for residents and visitors. The raised elements are filled with different plants, including flowers, herbs, and grasses. The steps get shifted to create different sets of atmospheres. The maximum high is 15cm, every three steps are planted with different types of plants. The concept promotes an attractive way of inviting more vegetation inside the port. Creating a sustainable and functional urban environment, that meets the needs of the public as well as bringing social, ecological, and economic benefits.

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PIAZZA DEL M E R C AT O

5.1 HISTORICAL TIMELINE :-

Piazza Mercato is also known as Piazza del Mercato, is one of the oldest squares in the Neapolitan city. It is located in the Pendino district and borders the Basilica del Carmine. It is a place rich in history and events that have taken place here. The project was entrusted to the architect Francesco Sicurezza, who united the two churches of Santa Croce and Purgatorio in a single building. The Market Square was seriously damaged by bombing during the Second World War. In the post-war period, commercial activities began their sudden decline, many traders left the square. Piazza Mercato is one of the most important squares in the city, but originally it was only a place outside the urban perimeter, called "Campo del moricino" (or muricino), as it was adjacent to the dividing walls of the city walls (the expression "Ngopp 'e mura" is still in use today to indicate the fruit and vegetable market adjacent to the area). Today Piazza del Mercato is crowded with unsightly buildings and vehicles, taking place space 50% for parking.

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5.2 SECTION :-

Piazza Del Mercato has been lost her character those days by used as a parking area 50% from the neighborhood or as a garbage place. The struggle many cities are facing is keeping a balanced ratio of population to parking spaces. Urban parking powerfully affects urban mobility and land use. The proposal of regeneration of Piazza was thinking about the neighborhood. Since those days the importance of cars is very common also the parking play a significant role in an urban area. Ultimately, parking plays and will continue to play an essential role in the revitalization of urban areas. Same time the Parking drives economic development perhaps more than ever in today’s urban resurgence. A new way to manage the parking was to propose parking underground in the same place, by creating two ramps in both site of the location where are the entrances of this square. The parking lot will contain 316 Parking lots with other facilities like storage for markets and public toilets, this underground space will give more advantages than was offering the upper place of Plazza for parking

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5.3 MERCATO MASTER PLAN :Historic urban centers play a major role in enhancing place identity, memory, and belonging. Piazza del Mercato is an important square for the Neapolitan people. A characteristic of the square is its irregular shape and set between four churches: the church is S. Eligio, the church of Carmine, that of the Cross at the Purgatory, and St. John). The need to establish a new urban identity and character for Piazza del Mercato is fundamental in creating a new image of the city. The proposed approach is based on the Historic Urban Landscape. The attempt is to rebuild the relationship between port and the historic center through the green corridor. The Urban regeneration of 'Piazza del Mercato' was focus on returning the identity of the place by proposing a marketplace for citizens, which will show the continuity of the market from the port. The attempt to redevelop the square by working in the landscape with the same grid 7x7 takes into consideration the existing situation of the irregular shape of the square. Through the square, will pass the bike line which will lead to the green corridor in the city and Port. The square will offer to the citizens a variety of trees such as maple tree and peach tree, will be a place where every generation will meet. There will be some containers 7x7 which farmers will sell their products during the seasons. But these containers can be used in different ways during the whole year, such as selling books or different handwork. They will serve to promote the local food or citizens' work. This project will improve the citizen's quality of life and their security, as well as create an attractive tourist place. The purpose of the sustainable markets square is to define a welcoming and dynamic urban context that favors the establishment of relationships and social interactions between groups and individuals. Will promote better integrated social communities at the heart of the city where locals and expatriate workers are walk able neighborhoods and enjoying public space.

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PORT OF NAPLES HUB MARKET

6.1 SITE :-

The site survey inside the Passenger part of the Port shows us the actually not well developed this part of the Port, wide variety of passenger ships present in this part of the port it shows the needs to reflect on the contemporary need for building renewed. The existing building ISMAR-CNR Sede di Napoli which deals with issues related to the marine environment, with particular regard to geological, chemical, physical, and biological aspects. The actually condiction of the building is not so good same for the building which block the view to the sea. The water front has a lack of attraction since the place is occupied by parking cars and not allowed people to welcome there. The mentioned central port area, with its interesting historic buildings, is a strategic filtering space in the port– city interface, which should be the main subject of future interventions to improve this connection, relationship that link the city to its sea and its port environment.

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The crisis of the port city and the growing separation between downtown and port areas have their roots in the industrial revolution. The aim is to build a city-port relationship that take into account the needs of the local population and the environment. The attached section shows the horizontal and vertical relationship between the Port and the Historical Part of the city. Finding a balance between regeneration and port development by protection and enhancement of local identity. The relationship of the proposed building in the context with the existing buildings shows that we respected the existing build environment by proposing a building not more than 2 stories, creating a hierarchy with the urban build part, by proposing these small containers 7x7 for the different use. The green corridors inside the port and the green corridor in 'Corso Umberto I' are attempting to show the balance of greenery inside the port and the city, which lead people to the waterfront.

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6.3 HUB MARKET MASTER PLAN :In this small master plan in the hub market area, we are showing our urban design as we replaced the parking area in the site with designed green spaces with our grid 7m * 7m and following the same dimension for the small wooden structure which is the main purpose of it is a small agricultural market for the local seller and can use as well as small working spaces for students and researcher as we are entering to an era of smart working in the Covid - 19 pandemic this area which can be provided with a Wifi connection can be small working offices while enjoying the landscape around the area. The human nose is a powerful thing. It’s estimated that our scent receptors can detect or distinguish roughly 1 trillion different scents. From there and to create a remarkable walk experience and since landscape should affect the five senses we planted our vegetation to create an aromatic experience. The vegetation has three levels the lower level contains flowers bed with aromatic flowers which will provide different scents. The second level contains different shrubs. The last and higher level will have trees mainly fruits trees such as Lemon trees, Beach trees, and Maple trees. The existing floor surfaces of the site were concrete and asphalt in the area of the previous parking we replaced these hard materials with Sandstone and Travertine which next to the grass surface can help absorb the water coming from the rain and green spaces.

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1- Public Plaza

7- Amphitheatre

2- Small market

8- Loading storage

3- Outdoor cafe

9- Loading area

4- Bar

10- Offices

5- Kitchen

11- Storage

6- Staff locker

20- Service core

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6.4 EXPLODED 3D PLANS :The general division of the functions in the Hub Market is creating an indoor courtyard to allow circulation as well as light and natural ventilation. For the main function, the smaller part of the building next to the open amphitheater is the service zone contains in the ground floor loading area, loading storage, and offices . On the first floor, we located the lecture hall, reception, and commercial offices. On the second floor are the offices with a manager's office. In the bigger part of the building is oriented more toward the public user we have on the ground floor the small markets for local sellers, a restaurant equipped with a kitchen and indoor dining and cafe, staff locker, and outside setting area within the landscape. The building is been designed to have a less visual impact the building has transparent elevation and to lower the effect of the sun glare the building has double glass material and wooden louvers to prevent the temperature from rising within the building envelope.

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1- Public Plaza

11- Storage

2- Small market

12- Reception

3- Outdoor cafe

13- Lecture hall

4- Bar

14- Lecture hall control room

5- Kitchen

15- Commercial offices

6- Staff lockers

16- Public library

7- Amphitheatre

17- Manager office

8- Loading storage

18- Restaurant

9- Loading area

19- Preparation room

10- Offices

20- Service core

19 20

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6.5 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM :The main concept in designing the building is to provide a building with less impact in the human eye level to create the visual connection between the historical old city of Naples and the new designed seafront and to provide this experience we will depend on glass and transparent wood to achieve this Transparent wood is one of the innovative construction materials that hold the potential to lift the construction sector to a whole new level. Not only is it environmentally-friendly, but also a great alternative to plastic and glass.Transparent wood is produced by treating and compressing wood strips. In the production process, lignin is replaced by polymers to make the wood transparent.As far as transparent wood’s strength is concerned, it has the same strength of lumber whilst being far lighter. Advantages: • It is biodegradable and environmentally friendly as regular wood. • Transparent wood has all the strength of opaque lumber. • It does not shatter on impact and is stronger than glass. • It is better when at light distribution and eliminates glare. • It helps keep a building at more consistent temperature and make it easier to reach higher energy efficiency. This is because wood has low thermal conductivity. • Another advantage of transparent wood over glass for structural applications is that the ductility and work to fracture are higher. The structural system of these modular building units is a combined system of steel and wood , the building will be from steel and concrete structure but the partition and walls, as well as the roof, will be from prefabricated wood for sustainability and the use of adapting this system is flexibility and movability. The modular construction system makes of steel sections because it has long been a popular building material. Steel framing takes this strong and durable material and creates panels from it.

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PORT OF NAPLES PIA Z Z A M U N IC I PIO

7.1 SITE :-

The zones situated at the interface between the city and the port are changing and are the subject of strategies through which cities and ports often ignore each other and sometimes come to blows. The streets which have been focus are the junctions with Port: 01. Corso Guiseppe Garibald 02. Via Duomo 03. Via Marchese Campodisola 04. Piazza Municipio The site survey in the streets which represent an aim for an opportunity for the relationship between the Port area and the UNESCO historic center, has been showen by these Pictures, which shows that there is lack of development in the junctions . The need for connection mainly between marginal areas of the city and the most central areas, completely excluding the possibility of upgrading the connection with the coastal area.

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Piazza Municipio the part inside the port is a lack of integration between the New Piazza Municipio and the Port. A complete lack of attention to the need for the City of Naples to reconstruct the ancient relationship with the sea, which has long been lost. Next to the place of intervention are located very important buildings, meanly dominated by the 13th century Castel Nuovo, a symbol of the city’s strength. The location now is under construction for the metro station which will be a major transport interchange. It will connect Metro Line 1 with Metro Line 6, integrate the Naples Metro system from the port to the city center, and return Piazza Municipio – a stunning gateway to the city from the sea. The idea was to propose a garden where will be planted different type of vegetation. The design of the landscape square will take care of the existing build environment and future metro. The square will be a gathering zone that will offer to the citizen a branch of the market and giving the possibility to have access to the pedestrian proposal bridge.

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7.3 BRIDGE STRUCTURE :Pedestrian and cycle bridges traverse a variety of obstacles, which can be broadly categorized as either waterway crossings or transport corridors. In our project, the pedestrian bridge is Crossings over transport inside the port and serves as a place where people can use it for enjoying the view of the port itself and the city. Pedestrian and cycle bridges lend themselves to innovative solutions. This stunning green bridge creates a natural connection between the center of Port until the Landmark in the pier of 'Molo san Vincenzo'. The proposal is better understood less as a bridge and more as an urban intervention to bring back nature into the Port. Some of the characteristics of steel that make it an attractive option for bridge builders include its versatility, cost effectiveness, longevity, and sustainability. These qualities allow designers to develop structures that would be impossible to build without steel components. Many of the great landmark bridges are constructed of steel. Still, it’s important to note that steel bridges aren’t just attractive, they’re generally stronger, safer, faster to build, require less maintenance, and are more flexible, which makes them perfect for earthquake-prone and high-wind sites. Steel is also used to protect elements on bridges, including utility infrastructure. In addition to all this, environmentalists are more likely to support the construction of steel bridges compared to other types because they’re generally more sustainable and earth-friendly. Despite its strength — and in some cases, because of it — steel can be bent and twisted to create virtually any type of bridge. Think about it: steel bridges can look light and airy or solid and stable. They can be formed into any shape.

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PORT OF NAPLES MOLO SAN VINCENZO 8.1 SITE :During the journey inside the Port of Naples is not missing also the landmarks, such as Molo San Vincenzo Lighthouse. Molo San Vincenzo Lighthouse (Italian: Faro di Molo San Vincenzo) is an active lighthouse located at the end of the western side to the entrance of the Port of Naples. The first lighthouse was built in 1487 under the reign of Ferdinand I of Naples on plan of Luca Bengiamo and was called Torre San Vincenzo, however the lighthouse was damaged in 1495 in the clashes between the Aragonese and the French and rebuilt under Frederick of Naples. In 1624 the lantern was destroyed by fire and the reconstruction, attributed to Pietro De Marino, was completed in 1626. In 1843 a lighthouse, 43 metres (141 ft) high, was built on the Molo Beverello and in 1933 it was destroyed in order to enlarge the harbour. The lighthouse in its present position, on the head of the San Vincenzo pier, was rebuilt in 1950. Access to the pier, having to cross a military area, is usually forbidden to Neapolitans. In the picture the 24 meter high lighthouse inaugurated in 1916 and the statue of San Gennaro that welcomes every ship arriving in the port of Naples. With a walk to the sea of about two kilometers, located in the center of the Gulf, close to the historic center, the San Vincenzo is, in fact, a place with a strong historical-cultural and landscape-architectural value: a "resource" for expansion of the cruise, tourist and commercial activities that it could host which, however, are in a state of general abandonment and inaccessibility. Returning the pier to Naples, giving the city the possibility to open the San Vincenzo pier could first of all allow the recovery of the place (but also for example the restoration of the ancient Bourbon cannons used in the last century as bollards).

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8.2 FOCUS ZOOM :-

Heritage is the experienced and identity of a place. On the extreme tip of the San Vincenzo pier stands a lighthouse, known as the lantern of the Mole. The San Vincenzo pier is an ancient and long sea promenade of over two kilometers. The main lighthouse is the one on the longest pier on the right and was built in 1487. The Molo San Vincenzo is not currently accessible to the public, but it offers a foundation for regeneration initiatives in the surrounding landscape. The idea was to increase the important historical value of the place, from which it is possible to enjoy an extraordinary view of the city of Naples from the Lighthouse. Shaping the landscape in this area was one of the harder parts. The continuity of the grid for planting a variety of vegetation and trees, while the pavement from the wood shapes the directions of the bridge by leading visitors to the lighthouse. The regeneration of surrounded landscape will create a clear vision for the future of their neighborhoods but also a flexible approach to the reuse of historic buildings.

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SECTION EPILOGUE

01-European union organic farming 02-European union sea motorways 03-Proposed strategy for the south 04-Case studies Bibliography

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INTRODUCTION As we present our project in detail aim toward facing the economic problems of the south of Italy including unemployment, pollution, and dense urban fabric. We believe our prototype can provide a sustainable landscape/Urban system which at the local level will make provide more jobs in the field of agriculture and services sector in both shipping and tourism which is already the existing major sectors of the region also will help to regrate the port area which now in limbo in relation to the city. In the past two decades, growing environmental awareness in combination with concerns about safer foods has led people to question modern agricultural practices. This has been reflected in an increasing demand for organic produce, which is perceived as less damaging to the environment and to be healthier than conventionally grown foods. Organic agriculture can contribute significantly to the economy of individuals and companies at the local level and the country at the international level. Italy is one of the most important countries in the EU zone in the sector of organic farming activity. Italy is providing 15.2 % of the total organic agricultural products because the contrary is really working toward shifting to more organic farming from 2012 to 2019 70.7% of the existing farms become organic. Connected to the agricultural fields and the city with an ecological corridor is the Port of Naples one of the most important ports in the Mediterranean area and holds significant importance to the EU area as one of the important sea motorways of European industries to the world. Our proposal is taking into consideration this important factor and try to regrate the port area putting sustainability as one of the main issues that landscape can help to counter. The port of Naples is in limbo in connection with the city although the port area can provide more touristic oriented activities with a majestic look toward the Vesuvio mountain as well as providing the dense historical center of the city a more aromatic seafront.

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EUROPEAN UNION ORGANIC FARMING 1.1 EU ACTION PLAN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION :-

The EU Green Deal is at the centre of the Commission’s policy agenda. Its prime objective is a sustainable, climateneutral Europe by 2050, acting as a vehicle for investment and growth1. The Green Deal emphasizes that it is ‘key’ to manage the transition towards a more sustainable food system, in particular strengthening the farmer’s efforts to tackle climate change, protect the environment and preserve biodiversity’. The farming community has an essential role to play in the achievement of these objectives. Farmers are at the forefront of the consequences of climate change and biodiversity loss while unsustainable agricultural practices remain a major driver of biodiversity loss. Organic farmers are the pioneers of the sustainable agriculture of the future. They open ways in greening agriculture and innovative production techniques that are friendly to the environment, promote circularity and animal welfare. The organic logo reflects the farmers’ commitments to these high production standards and consumers are assured that the product has been made according to very specific and stringent sustainability rules. Even more importantly, organic farming brings much more nature into our fields and it makes farmers more resilient to economic changes as well as to those brought upon them by increasingly erratic nature and climate. That is why the 2030 Biodiversity Strategy and the Farm to Fork Strategy3 - together with the upcoming zero pollution action plan on air, water and soil – set out concrete actions covering the full chain from food production to consumption, actions that also encompass international cooperation on sustainable food systems. These strategies aim to reconcile food production with environmental protection while spurring investment and sustainable production, an objective that the Commission will seek to promote within the context of the Sustainable Development Goals.

EU MEMBER AGRICULTURE CONTRIBUTION

EU GREEN DEAL

1.2 ITALY ACTION PLAN FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTION :In the map, we are projecting the situation of some of the European countries' growth statutes. we will focus on Italy since it is our main focus from the data showing from the EU we notice that many of the southern regions are shrinking due to the population immigration to the more growth northern regions .better jobs and a better lifestyle is one of the main reasons that drive the southern region citizens to the north. In Italy the sector of agriculture is not as profitable as the services sector so the northern region can provide better salaries to Italian from the south but, organic agriculture can change this situation since the practice is more profitable than traditional agriculture due to the fewer input materials needed and the more profitable is the final product. The Italian organic sector has in fact significant growth opportunities in terms of supply, given the increase in demand that has continued for more than six years. However, organic surface has been substantially stationary for about ten years, while the number of organic farms, especially smaller ones, continues to shrink. According to the latest general agriculture census, average UAA on Italian organic farms is 18 hectares, compared with 7.9 of the average UAA of all farms surveyed. As noted by the FADN, this contributes to a higher average profitability for organic farms compared to conventional ones, though the former have lower production intensity than the latter. The growing domestic demand, therefore, is also satisfied by increased imports, as reported by the data related only to imports from countries not in the equivalence scheme in 2007-2011. The consumption of fertilisers allowed in organic farming indicates that the sector can trigger sustainable processes throughout agriculture. With organic surface substantially unchanged, in fact, the continuous increase of fertiliser consumption is mainly due to their greater use by conventional farms, thus helping to reduce the overall negative impact on the environment by the agricultural sector.

EU MEMBER REGIONS GROWTH AGRICULURE URBAN AREA WOOD LAND GRASS LANS

NAPLES LAND USE

EUROPEAN UNION SEA MOTORWAYS 2.1 MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA :-

Europe's ports are vital gateways, linking its transport corridors to the rest of the world. 74% of goods entering or leaving Europe go by sea, and Europe boasts some of the finest port facilities in the world. Ports play an equally important role to support the exchange of goods within the internal market and in linking peripheral and island areas with the mainland of Europe. Ports are not only great for moving goods around, they also constitute energy hubs for conventional and renewable energies. 400 million passengers embark and disembark in European ports every year. Ports generate employment; 1.5 million workers are employed in European ports, with the same amount again employed indirectly across the 22 EU maritime Member States. The Port of Rotterdam ( which is the most sustainable and busiest port in EU ) Authority has redeveloped Maasvlakte’s bird valley (The Vogelvallei), a nature reserve for birds, and enlarged it to 21 hectares. This redevelopment took place in close consultation with Bureau Stadsnatuur (Rotterdam’s urban nature agency), H+N+S Landscape architects and various nature organisations. The Vogelvallei is part of the Maasvlakte Plaza project. The Vogelvallei’s redevelopment was based on Bureau Stadsnatuur’s bird counts conducted in the original bird valley, the port’s Slufter area and the adjoining fields in which clay maturation takes place. Working with Bureau Stadsnatuur and a number of nature organisations, the Port of Rotterdam Authority used the information to determine the layout of the nature conservation area. The area includes various islands, bodies of water and a wall where sand martins can brood. It is a safe, closed area in which birds can rest. The Vogelvallei’s diversity in terms of its islands and vegetation means that the area can be used by different kinds of seabirds, such as (common) ternsand black-headed gulls, and songbirds, such as common whitethroats and bluethroats.

EU MAIN SEA GATES

PORT OF ROTTERDAM MAAAVLAKTE'S BIRD VALLY

2.2 ITALIAN SEA MOTORWAYS :To better understand the results, Italy’s ports must be split in two different groups: hubs that handle mainly transhipment cargo (over 80% of total throughput) and gateways that mainly cater to domestic import and export. As a result, Italian h ubs recorded a 3% average yearly decrease when looking at 2007 to 2016. Put in absolute numbers, this means that Italian transhipment hubs handled a volume of 3.5 m TEU in 2016, whilst the precrisis throughput figure of 2007 amounted to 4.8 m TEU. This development corresponds to a decline of 26.5% when comparing the figures of 2016 with those of 2007. 2016 Italian throughput ( Gioia Tauro + Messina ) 27% , ( Genoa + Savona ) 22% , ( La Spezia + Carrara ) 12% , ( Naples + Salerno ) 8% , ( Leghorn + Piombino ) 7% , ( Cagliari ) 7% , ( Venice ) 6% , ( Trieste ) 5% , ( Ravenna ) 2% , ( Ancona ) 2% , ( Bari + Brindisi ) 1% , ( Civitavecchia + Gaeta ) 1%.

ITALY MAIN SEA PORTS

The area of “Città Bassa” Naples, despite of having previously had a strong commercial character, suffers since the end of the war from relative neglect and gradual decay. Some successful initiatives implemented by individuals (Borgo Orefici Consortium) with the support of the Municipality of Naples have shown the possibility to reclassify the land while obtaining a positive impact both in the social field and the economic field (Increased commercial attractiveness of the site, creating new skilled jobs, etc.). In this perspective the development of the LAP tends to maximize the impact of planned operations in the area by the “Grande Programma UNESCO” of the Municipality of Naples, incorporating suggestions and proposals from private actors.

NAPLES ( CITY - PORT ) CONNECTION PROJECT

PROTOTYPE STRATEGY AS A DRIVE INPUT FOR THE SOUTH OF ITALY 3.1 PROTOTYPE STRATEGY :After the previous research, we wanted to propose a strategy based on the existing opportunities in the south of Italy and also taking advantage of the existing and expected infrastructure. we went through the southern regions to mark potential cities to see what every one of them offer or can offer and we focused more on the cities that can offer agriculture and preferable with a port to complete a process of farming then producing and marketing then finish with exporting with putting in mind that the last process can happen through ports, railways, etc. The proposed cities for our Prototype project are (Naples, Bari, Porto di Corigliano, Porto di Gioia Tauro, Palermo, Pozzallo ) which are cities with agricultural criteria with existing port and some of the selected cities have existing food industry can be more improved to meet the national orientation to move the south of Italy more toward industrial innovation in all fields. We think by applying this strategy in the targeted cities we can provide an economic boost by providing jobs and improving the urban condition of the city and especially the ports, as well as make the touristic traffic more active and by adding the market we can make the touristic experience more toward praising the agriculture and food industry of every region while doing this we are not changing the existing economy of the regions but make it more economical dominated to help the targeted regions. With the help of the European trans project, we can create a network connecting those cities and make the southern regions work as units that can provide more active in fracture to the EU area to exporting and importing goods and make the south provide more food product to the EU zone.

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Selected financial data for organic and conventional farms

3.2 ORGANIC AGRICULTURE :There are a solid base of studies that suggest organic is equal to or more profitable than conventional farming. Part of that competitive edge comes from the premium price – driven by consumer demand – that organic farmers can get for their products (though even when profits are adjusted for 50 per cent of the current organic premium, most studies still show organic agriculture coming out ahead). One of the most persistent myths such studies consistently debunk is that organic systems are incapable of reaching the same yields as conventional systems. After a transitional period of 3 to 5 years, organic systems can produce up to 95 per cent of conventional yields. Additionally, organic farming is less dependent on fossil fuels, expensive inputs, and annual loans, making it less vulnerable to financial market fluctuations.

Source: LiamConnolly & BrianMoran, Teagasc, Athenry, JamesMcDonnell, Teagasc, Oak Park Financial Performance of Organic Farming

Financial performance of orgamic and conventional farms

Organic is a low-waste system that emphasizes quality over quantity, meaning it uses less land for the same profit. Conventional crop subsidies exacerbate the problem, incentivizing farmers to grow more than they can sell, which causes excess pollution, overuse of resources, and food waste. Besides the economic factor, organic agriculture can help in providing a lot of new job opportunities for a significant amount of the citizen and we believe by adopting the sustainable new technology can lower production inputs which can provide more money can raise the farmers salary as well as other staff including in the process.

Source: Glen Greer1, William Kaye-Blake, Eva Zellman and Chris Parsonson-Ensor , Agribusiness and Economics Research Unit (AERU), Lincoln University, New Zealand . COMPARISON OF THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL FARMS

Profits of organic farms

Organic agriculture sustains and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal, human and the plant, and should be based on living ecological systems and cycles, work with them, emulate them and help sustain them, as well organic agriculture should be managed in a precautionary and responsible manner to protect the health and well - being of current and future generations and the environment.

Source: OFFERMANN und NIEBERG (2000), supplemented by new data

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Explanation of the shortcuts for the diagrams: AT - Austria / CH - Switzerland / DE - Germany / FI - Finland / GB - Great Britain, / IT - Italy / NL - Netherlands / NO - Norway / SE - Sweden For countries where more than one observation exists, the dots are ordered by year. The further right the dot, the more recent the observation. 187

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

3.3 SUSTAINABLE PORT :To ensure the sustainable development of port-cities, it is necessary to adopt innovative and integrated solutions which are in line with the principles of urban development in the EU, taking into account the economic, social and environmental aspects of these places. In this context, the paradigm of, when it is applied to cities, becomes a key factor in reviewing development processes. At the same time, the CE can be a suitable paradigm to respond to the sustainability challenges faced by harbours—on the one hand, guaranteeing their competitiveness in a world of limited resources, and on the other hand promoting innovation, reducing environmental impacts and redefining city-port relationships and boundaries. The CE in harbours can represent a synergistic process that combines economic, logistic and industrial activities with the cultural and social heritage of the ports and the creativity of their communities, generating a dynamic, complex and sustainable system. Indeed, in port-cities the development model provided by circular cities fosters an original balance between dierent objectives and purposes, maximizing port eciency and productivity, optimizing the city impacts in terms of employment, environmental conditions and quality of life, and combining microeconomic and macroeconomic purposes. Within the Integrated Maritime Policy of the European Union, Maritime Spatial Planning is identified as a central tool for managing coastal areas and maritime governance, recognizing planning as a decision-making process and as a cross-sectoral political tool that allows public authorities and stakeholders to apply an integrated, coordinated and cross-border approach.

Stakeholders’ Map (revised from Freeman, 1984)

The various stakeholders who would influence and contribute to city development projects are profound to identify in order to make the project successful. Local actors have been afterward gathered in the “providers”, “influencers”, “users” and “governors” categories, that have in turn been analyzed and prioritized according to “power” and “interest” criteria.

Indicator Source (IS)/Data Sourse (DS); Unit of Measure (UM); Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit (TEU 188

SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS

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3.4 GREEN ECONOMY :Recent food scares have led to a boom in demand for organic products and have increased policy makers’ awareness of the potential benefits of organic farming. However, policies specifically targeting organic farming support do not remain beyond dispute and a sound justification of these is necessary. The potential specific contribution of organic farming to some of the key objectives of the European Common Agricultural Policy, e.g. competitiveness of agriculture, farm income, food supply, food quality and minimisation of negative environmental impacts of agricultural production are discussed. It is argued that organic farming can contribute to the objectives of the EU, however, addressing the various objectives to different degrees. The environmental effects of organic farming seem to be largely positive in comparison to conventional farming on a per hectare basis in all categories, although other farming systems might perform better with respect to single indicators or when results are related to the amount of output produced. Climate change has also played an important role in creating awareness of sustainability practices in the maritime sectors. The increasing presence of green marketing and promotion among major ports, for example, is a sign of the perceived need of port administrators to profile the port in the eye of an increasingly critical public opinion. Although there is a great variety in the degree of commitment towards sustainability among ports, there is a general tendency towards making sure that everything good the port does in terms of reducing its negative impacts is publicized. As conclusion, we believe that our project will make the city food sustained and the port more sustainable to create a dynamic environment. The type of green stimulus that is most beneficial for different cities requires further investigation. This could then inform measures of longer-term benefits for the economy and the environment.

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3.5 PROJECT PHASES :After we presented the whole project scheme, we understand that our approach toward organic agriculture and the sustainable port connected with an ecological corridor is a big intervention that may need different time frames in order for this system to work, in our vision for the project and trying to put in mind the long period of time to make this landscape system full working we are dividing the project into five phases starting depending on how much time and money every part of the project need. The first phase of the project can start by installing the small wooden market units into the targeted area and can be extended to other parts of the city since the idea of temporary markets already exist in Italy as well in Naples city. We can start building the hub market building and recreate the Piazza del Mercato to Hub market area. in the ecological corridor, we can start in the area of the port and historical old city. In agriculture, we can start with the water ponds and building as well as the bridge and crops and trees since the trees need from 3-5 years to start production. The second and third phases will attempt to finish the bridges and landscapes within the port area. The ecological corridor will continue in the old city and the suburban part of the city. In the fourth and fifth phases, the work in the port area will finish and. the ecological corridor will carry on to reach ten agricultural sites in the rural area. The agricultural site will finish n the fourth phase which within the fifth phase the production will start of all crops and trees fields. So by breaking the project into phase some parts of the project can start functioning until the system is complete and what makes this possible that when we were designing we consider making the architecture and landscape design meet the requirement of the need of the targeted sites. The port and the ecological corridor project is more oriented toward the citizen and after the agriculture project complete can join the system.

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04 CASE STUDIES 4.1 CUCHI ORGANIC FARM, VIETNAM :A project in the works from Thai architecture firm Integrated Field (IF) will trumpet the virtues of closed-cycle organic farming to the public. The so-called Cuchi Organic Farming Masterplan involves the reuse of a decommissioned rubber plantation in Cuchi, Vietnam as an “organic food production farm” with “animal feed, livestock, fruit, and vegetation in the closed-cycle operation.” The core of the project, though, is not subsistence but education; as the architects put it, the first 50 hectares of the development will be an “agro-tourism destination” offering visitors farm-to-table meals and agricultural programming. The scheme involves various “nodes” which highlight elements of the farming process, including livestock and food preparation. The client will offer classes organized around these nodes on topics such as the production of organic fertilizer and harvesting. The masterplan anticipates accommodating visitors in what’s being called a “farm-stay.” The project’s focus on international ecotourism echoes a number of designs in the works from various firms. Baharash Architecture’s “Biodomes” project in the United Arab Emirates and Vincent Callebaut Architecture’s resort in the Philippines offer similarly upscale, travel-centric answers to questions of environmental sustainability. Cite: Ella Comberg. "Organic Farm in Cuchi, Vietnam Will Promote Closed-Cycle Organic Farming" 18 Aug 2018. ArchDaily. Accessed 29 Mar 2021. <https://www.archdaily. com/900359/organic-farm-in-cuchi-vietnam-will-promoteclosed-cycle-organic-farming> ISSN 0719-8884.

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4.2 TANGSHAN ORGANIC FARM :The project is located in the farmland on the fringe area of Guye district, Tangshan. Villages and houses are scattered around. The site is a rectangular flat land covers an area of 6000m². The basic function of the building is acting as a processing workshop of organic food - raw materials come from organic producing areas across the country, being collected, processed and packed here, and then being delivered to other places as finished products. The design is inspired by traditional courtyard building, the initial idea is to build a magnified courtyard house, a workplace full of natural atmosphere and flexibility, a workplace which is self-contained and forms a corresponding relation with the surrounding broad and flat field. The entire building is made up of four enclosed relatively independent houses, including Material Storage, the Mill, Oil Pressing Workshop and Packing Area. The organic connection of courtyard and house creates functional areas of different sizes under one big roof: small sized corridor, medium sized rooms and large sized workshop, which flexibly meet the requirements of compound use of the workshop. The design chooses glued timber structure as the major structure due to its light weighted, easy processed and installed and natural properties. The building is “floating” above the ground. It sits in a 60cm cement base, which allows the wood structure being moisture proofed against the ground and allows it to hide pipelines of some fixed equipments. In order to control the construction budget reasonably, the building adopts light wood structure-wood frame wall with a length of 2.1m, the upper part is glued timber truss beam, and the top is wooden and felt roofing. The facade is covered with translucent pc board which is light and easy to be installed as well. The space, structure, materials and the multiple layered exterior courtyards together creates a warm, natural and continuous working atmosphere for this farm. Architects: ARCHSTUDIO Area: 1720 m².Year: 2016 .Photographs: Weiqi Jin

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4.3 RENZO PIANO ,WATERFRONT FOR GENOA :“Water wins on the concrete and back where it was a time.” The Genoese architect Renzo Piano describes the ‘waterfront’ in the area between the port of Genoa and the area of the Fair of his project called “Blueprint” who wanted to donate to the City of Genoa, Italy. “The institutions are ready to accept the donation of the project Blueprint for Genoa from Porta Siberia to Punta Vagno designed by Renzo Piano Building Workshop, which will complete the design of the Old Port, considering the contribution of the architect of great quality”, with this release, appeared on the website of the City, it marks the beginning of an important moment of transformation for the city and for its future. The project, which reduces the volume of cement for a total of 48 thousand cubic meters with the demolition of the former palace Nira, and the pavilion C of the Fair, involves the construction of a wide channel between 20 and 80 meters, that will connect the Palasport of the Trade fair with ancient port, flanked by a pedestrian walk of about three kilometers. A road that will develop parallel to the overpass to show it to tourists and inhabitants Genoese a port city which works. The basis of the project, the division between ship repairs and nautics is a focal point that will be solved with a new definition of space and destinations. A reconfiguration of the port that will affect even the beach of the Mouth that will host trees behind him and will be protected by a dam underwater to prevent erosion, and finally at Punta Vagno, in the building of the Navy, will be built a hostel.

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4.4 Hörnum Port Regeneration :The former naval harbour in the village of Hörnum on Sylt is one of the rare interruptions of the beach and dune landscape of Sylt, with a proximity and connection to the water as no-where else on the island, and at the same time the opportunity to enjoy a plethora of activities as a spectator or participant.The port , which today is used mainly as a commercial port for mussel farming, as well as for tourism and sports boats, is strongly in need of repair or replacement, and the aim of the project is therefore to improve the infrastructure, security and usability of the port, while at the same time proposing a vision for a new icon and tourism magnet. The concept brings together nature , the village and the sea in a spacious gesture that unites industry and tourism, urban and green areas, as well as the old and the new, providing leisure facilities and commercial users with improved facilities and, above all, allowing the two uses to co-exist safely and closely.A new circular one-kilometre promenade, the “Round", connects and develops all functions around the port from the north to the south – nature reserves, beach park, hotel, viewpoints on the dune slope, the Hörnum village centre and the sea. The round leads across the beach to a new "reef " that supplements the former protective outer jetty, with completely new possibilities in and around the sea, e.g. winter bathing, sauna, water sports arena and tidal pools, where the forces of the sea become really experiential and marine life can be observed up close.

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“Every plant has its fitness and must be placed in its proper surroundings so as to bring out its full beauty. Therein lies the art of landscaping.” Jens Jensen