Section 1 - Introduction Page 1 1.1 Design Synopsis The site is located in Shoreham by sea. Due to its previous unsatisfactory urban planning and excessive industry development in an inappropriate area, Shoreham now facing severe flood risk and water pollution. This project is to experiment on an urban scale flood management by strengthening ecological infrastructure. It can alleviate the city's waterlogging, water resources shortage, and urban heat island effect and improve the ecological environment and biodiversity by absorbing and capturing rainwater and utilizing it to reduce floods. Restoration of river and saltmarsh would be the main focus of this development, relative ecology research, education, and promotion facilities are considered to provide several services. 1. Municipal Park (~40ha) 2. Wild Saltmarsh (~13ha) 3. Restoration Area (~47ha) Shoreham by Sea (1:30000@A3) 4. Wetland Reserve (~90ha) 5. Education & Promotion Centre 6. Research Centre, etc. UK map (NTS) Shoreham Town Centre Boundary Shoreham Port Boundary Administrative Boundary River Adur Shoreham Harbour English Channel Adur District City of Brigthon & Hove Town Centre
Site Map (1:10000@A3) View 3 - South across New Salts Farm towards A259 View 2 - Bird's-eye View View 1 - Bird's-eye View Shoreham Beach Widewater Lagoon RiverBrightonRoad(A259)Adur Saltmarsh BoathouseRecreationGround Recreation Ground Brighton City AirportOld Salts Farm New Salts Farm LagoonWidewater Beach Saltmarsh Dog Trust V3 V2 V1 CentreAdur Adur Model Car Club CompanyM&E
Section 1 - Introduction Page 2 1.2 Site Location
The site's location is next to the River Adur, including the existing Brighton airport, recreation ground and New salts farm. The reason for taking these areas as part of this proposal is that they sit in between different habitats (saltmarsh, widewater lagoon and river Adur), which is the best place to reconnect them with the resident and improve the ecological system. The Brighton road is the primary access for entry to Shoreham, which should be the most representative and attractive space. However, the existing is surrounded by immutable housing. The amazing lagoon and beach are hidden by these housing and created a boring experience for the visitor. The below images show Shoreham's current situation by sea, and the site boundary is highlighted in the site map in red.
This former tollbridge was built in 1781 across the River Adur to link Old Shoreham with Lancing. It was rebuilt in 1916, and only pedestrians are now able to use the 500foot (150 m) structure. The arch is supported on 27 timber spans, some with metal reinforcements.
1.3 Historic Timeline
Late 18th century onwards improvement of the harbour and the needs of the growing populations of Brighton (5½ miles east) and Worthing (4 miles west), neither of which had a harbour, greatly increased Shoreham’s trade. A new coast road was built between 1782 and 1789. The railway along the south coast was extended from Shoreham to Worthing (1845), to Chichester (1846), and to Portsmouth (1847). The characteristic materials are knapped flint with red-brick dressings and thatch.
dates back to pre-roman times The new town was constructed towards the river Adur’s mouth by Norman Conquerors, Named New Shoreham after the old settlement further north. New Shoreham was established apparently in the decade 1086-96 by William de Braose or his son Philip. One of the successful new towns of that period established without a system of town defences, was laid out on a grid-pattern of streets.
Section 1 - Introduction Page 3
The Brighton Airport and Adur Recreation Ground were found in early 20th Century. The recreation ground is a historic landfill site and contamination has previously been identified in proximity to the site.
Old<43ADShoreham
18th Century 19th Century 20th Century 21st Century
Shoreham Redoubt is a historical military defensive structure and scheduled monument at the entrance to Shoreham harbour and was completed in June 1857.
13th Century 16th Century 17th Century
Shoreham Harbour from the eastern bank Shoreham Fort Airport and Recreation Ground
The Port was used mainly for its link to Normandy in the 12th and 13th century. Ships would carry the kings treasury there in 1155, 1191 and 1198. It has been dated that as early as 1217 ships were brought from Shoreham. Between the 12th and mid 14th century the Port and Shoreham would provide ships and sailors for the king. In the early 13th century ships was asked for frequently and provided as many as 21 ships at a time. The Port slowly began to decline close the end of the 13th century due to the port becoming less convenient causing a lack of traffic through the port. The withdraw of the military would have also contributed as it has been dated that there was more thefts afterward the withdrawal suggesting a weakened port. References of Shoreham ships were very few in the 14th and 15th century. In the 13th century and early 14th the main trade was in the export of wool and the import of wine. Exports other than wool included timber in 1181, hemp in 1212, woad in 1225 and 1325, cloth in 1347 and 1349, and corn in the 1360s and 1417, in several instances the trade being coastwise.
CoombesCenturyChurch St Michael and All Angels Church Shoreham Tollbridge
Until the late 16th century there had been a road along the coast but it was destroyed by erosion. 11th
Joint area action plan. Future developments are in place.
The tower and spire of Southwick's parish church had to be rebuilt piece by piece after a World War II bomb shattered them, but the building has changed little since the 14th century, when the present nave was added. Fragments of 11th-century work remain in the mostly 12th- and 13thcentury flint structure. The borough of New Shoreham became one of the most important channel ports. Shipbuilding has become a major activity in the Port and Shoreham supplied 26 ships to Edward III for his fight with the French. It formed a key trading form imports and exports.
The Anglican church in the remote hamlet of Coombes has been "folded into the South Downs" since its construction in the 11th century. Features such as a rare Tapsel gate, ancient wall paintings and an absence of Victorian-era restoration make the building historically significant.
Strengths Threats Weaknesses Opportunities OT Constraints and Opportunities
This project mainly focuses on Shoreham's flood risk, ecology and the relationship between the resident and nature.
- Lack of shelter/ safe green space - Lack of tourism - Lack of commercial works in the west of the port - Agings population - Connection between main Shoreham and the Spit and the -beachLack of engagement with the coastal edge on the main Shoreham edge to the north of the river and to the south of the river on the spit. - Representation of its history - A259 forms a busy crossing between main Shoreham and the spit - Prominent housing area on the spit [lack of diversity and opportunities - Rich ecology - Tourism/ tourist attraction - Port/industry - Economic link to Brighton - Creative/ craft industry - Nightlife/ social spaces - Safe/ sheltered green spaces - Commercial/ retail opportunities on the spit
Section 1 - Introduction Page 4 1.4
- Working port - Environmental setting - Good transport links - Rich ecology - Low rise town - Strong port/ boat history - Flood risk - Lack of social cohesion - Housing opportunities - Local demographics (older generation often do not like change)
WS
Shoreham Map - 1870Landform Shoreham Map - 1940Shoreham Map - 1910 16th Century Profile 13th Century Profile 17th Century Profile Prevailing winds bring waves in at an angleMaterial moved along beach in zig-zag way River Water Flow GroundRecreation Housing Oyster Bed Tidal Flat Mud Flat Beach WorksChemical
Section 1 - Introduction Page 5 1.5
The River Adur has been an important trade route since Roman times. Its transition of economy can be tracked in maps, changed from salt work (14th century) to oyster fishing (1890) to Industrial Town(1940). Today, Shoreham is still a critical south coast port administered by Shoreham Port Authority. Principal cargoes include timber, refined oil and gravel dredged from the sea. The narrow and extended profile of Shoreham Beach is formed by the longshore drift and the alluvial soil of River Adur over time and cannot without the artificial trace. In the early 19th century, chemical factories and a large amount of housing built on such an undesirable location - the beach. Moreover, the recreation ground is a historic landfill site, and contamination has identified in proximity to the site. The above caused serious water pollution, and its impact has been so far. As the sea level rises, this location will be undercovered by water in 2050, which mentioned in the site analysis. Also, Shoreham has a special ecological environment but haven't used it. It is a pity that the current saltmarsh is being abandoned, but not a part of the residents' lives.
LandformHypothesisandArtificial Impact
Stepcourse.3: River restoration in progress. Driven by the flow of water and the transport of sediments the new water course migrates in the floodplain offering habitats for native plants and Stepanimals.4:Itneeds time and land until the new river landscape finds the natural hydro-morphological and ecological balance. Wetlands hold vast numbers of plants and animals including rare and protected species. England's wetlands are recognised for their international importance for birds. Wetland areas also provide a huge range of services to society, including flood management, water treatment and carbon capture and storage. Some 90% of wetland area in England has been lost since Roman times. Much of this loss has occurred since the industrial revolution.
Steps of river restoration*
Step 1: Before the restoration project starts: straightened channel with bank fixation in an agricultural used landscape, habitats for plants and animals are impoverished. Step 2: Project start with removal of bank fixation. The hydro-morphological process is started with erosion and sedimentation, shaping again the structure of a natural water
* - Diagram from the paper "Ecological restoration of small water Courses, Experiences from Germany and from Projects in Beijing" River Restoration River restoration contributes to flood risk management by supporting the natural capacity of rivers to retain water. As flood risk consists of damage times occurence, flood risk management needs to reduce either the damage, or the likelihood of floods to occur, or both. River restoration reduces the likelihood of high water levels, and improves the natural functions of the river at same time. Wetland RestorationRestorationisaprocess that helps to transform an area that has been impacted by human or natural activity to an area that can sustain native habitats. Restoring an area is a long process that requires an understanding of an area. Learning about the history of an area and its succession through time, will help determine how to restore an area. Success can be determined if the ecosystem can recapture its natural dynamics. It is not possible to recreate ecosystems exactly, as change is a part of nature.
Section 1 - Introduction Page 6 1.5 SinceHypothesisthefloodrisk is the critical problem that Shoreham facing, river and wetland restoration would be an alternative solving method instead of continuously build flood defence walls. Nature-based solutions are actions to protect, manage and sustainably restore ecosystems. They are beneficial and important to human well-being and biodiversity. Research shows that from now to 2030, nature can ease One-third of the climate and stabilizing the climate warming below 2°C.
Historic extent of wetlandsExtent of wetland in2008
Wetland is where many creatures reside and survive, has significant and special ecological, cultural, aesthetic and biodiversity values. It also the key to the sustainable development of human beings and cities. 90% of England wetland habitats lost in the past 100 years, it is suffering from various destructions and development pressure.
Although it is not possible to return the land to its original natural state, but a urban scale transformation to a landscape is possible. It can be achieved through the management of water levels and by allowing natural processes to be reestablished. As well as providing for wildlife, this project will be valuable resource for human – for relaxation, recreation, providing contact with nature, for education and health and wellbeing.
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Local Housing & Boathouse
Widewater Lagoon Rehabilitation Education Experience
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We believe the restoration of estuarine salt marshes present a great opportunity to create interactive human and nature system to make strong bond between community and their native eco-system.
RedshankRinged plover Bewicks SandpiperPurple Lapwing Pike Bream Chub Perch Roach Teal Oystercatcher Hen Harrier Dunlin RSPB Site River Adur Recreation Ground Football Performance Centre Housing Brighton City Airport TechnicalShorehamCentre Section 1 - Introduction Page 7 1.5 Hypothesis
Wetland, Biodiversity, Sustainable Urban Future
- We used to see City and Landscape from the perspective of "Difference and Opposition". Cities are synonymous with various social consequences such as high-density buildings, traffic jams, and severe pollution. Landscapes appear in the form of parks, greenways, gardens, etc., and considered a remedy and alleviating urbanization problems. This is an opportunity to weaken the appearance of architecture and let the landscape leading the project, architecture as a supporting position, help frame the scenery.
Section 1 - Introduction Page 8 1.5
Hypothesis - Looking for the forgotten part of memory - Nature - To transform the abandoned greens into a representative place and full of vitality and a part of resident's life
Outlines the process of wave overtopping in relation to the Extreme Still Water Sea-level
Section 2 - Site Analysis Page 9
2.1 Flood Zone Large parts of Shoreham by sea will regularly fall below sea level by 2050, the main reason sea level rises is the temperatures. Huge ice sheets at the poles melt faster than they form from snowfall loading more water around the earth, ice at high altitude melts at higher points and as with all things, heat makes the oceans expand. Global warming by humans include burning fossil fuels - coal, gas and oil - factory farming and increasing livestock production and Thedeforestation.AdurTidal Walls Flood Defence is keep build higher and extensiver these year, and still have a residual risk from failure of a defence. Tidal flooding along much of the south coast is characterised by the presence of risk associated with wave overtopping. In exposed locations along the coast, landward flooding is more likely to occur as a consequence of wave overtopping than inundation. Wave overtopping is a term, which encompasses a number of complex physical processes, which result in the transfer of water from the sea onto the coastal floodplain. The amount of wave overtopping that occurs during an extreme event is dependent on the local water depth, the properties of incoming waves and the geometry of local flood defences. Flood Level (2021) Flood Level (2050)
Medium Risk Low HighFloodRiskDefencesRisk
Illustration of residual risk associated with defence failure
Botolphs
2.2 AdurSalinityestuarycharacterised by a diverse and abundant marine dominated fauna, composed of euryhaline-marine (75.3% & 88.1%) and brackish water (24.7% & 11.2%) species (average dissimilarity 60 %). Under low discharge conditions, extended from 0.32 to 8.3 km from the river mouth (max salinities of 35 and min salinity gradient of 33.7-0.2), compared to 0.32 to 3.8 km under high discharge conditions (over max salinities of 35 and min salinity gradient of 33.7-19.2), a reduction in extent of 4.5 km. And the seawater and freshwater interface is 8.5km from the rivermouth where is close to Botophs.
Section 2 - Site Analysis Page 10
Page 11 2.3 Harbour Chart Section 2 - Site Analysis
Site of Nature Concervation Importance (SNCI) Local Nature Reserve (LNR) Lagoon Saltmarsh Beach Section 2 - Site Analysis Page 12 2.4 Ecology - Various Habitats There are many nature reserve in Shoreham by sea and three significant habitats in Shoreham,- Shoreham Beach - Widewater Lagoon - Saltmarsh
Section 2 - Site Analysis Page 13
Rare
Ecology - Plants Shoreham is home to a number of rare plants which may be impacted by the scheme. One of these is Childing Pink, a native annual plant which grows on thinly vegetated stable shingle. Childing Pink is very rare nationally and only known to exist at two sites in Sussex (Shoreham-by-Sea and Pagham Harbour). Another plant is Starry Clover, which is only known to exist in Britain at Shoreham, where it was first discovered in 1804. The red coloured sepals (protective outer parts of the flower) give the plant its name. Starry Clover occurs on various banks around Shoreham Fort, although being an annual its location can vary from year to year.
Shoreham
Childing Pink Starry Clover
Site of Nature Concervation Importance (SNCI) Concervation Area Local Nature Reserve (LNR) South Downs National ParkSite of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) Parks, Gardens & Open Spaces
RiverChannelAdur Harbour
AmmenityAllotmentsGreen
2.4
South Downs National Park English
SandpiperPurple Redshank Section 2 - Site Analysis Page 14 2.4
Oystercatcher Dunlin Ringed plover Teal Lapwing Hen
Bewick'sHarrierswan
Ecology - Wildlife With the River Adur, the downs and the sea nearby the area supports a diverse wildlife flora and fauna. The mudflats support wading birds and gulls, including the ringed plover which attempts to breed on the coastal shingle. The pied wagtail is common in the town in the winter months. Insects include dragonflies over the flood plains of the river. The south and west facing downs attract at least 33 species of butterfly including a nationally important population of the chalkhill blue butterfly on Mill Hill. The underlying rock is chalk on the downs, with alluvium in the old river channels. The Adur district has a variety of habitats in a small area, including natural chalk downs and butterfly meadows, freshwater and reed beds, salt marsh and estuary, brackish water lagoons, woodland, shingle seashore, chalk platform undersea and large expanses of sand.
- To provide opportunities for education and public awareness
- To provide a facility that will both complement and supplement those offered at the Nature -ReserveToserve the recreational needs of local residents
- To provide an attraction for overseas visitors
- To demonstrate the diversity of wetland ecosystem and highlight the need to conserve them
- To create a visitor attraction of international status, catering both for the general public and visitors, and also for those with special interest in wildlife and ecology
3.2 The Objective
- National Lottery Grants for Heritage - Green Recovery Challenge Fund - Nature for Climate Fund - Nature Recovery Fund - Countryside Stewardship Grants - Water Environment Grant Shoreham is a high-density town, and its housing density led the deduction of absorption area for rainfall and stormwater. In the past urban planning and construction, rivers were designed by considering water discharge requirements rather than ecological. Therefore, the streets will fill with river water while in the flooding season, and the only way to deal with it is raising the tidal walls. Moreover, the public space inside the Shoreham is narrow. The underground pipe network is gradually upgrading and may not fully absorb excessive rainwater. Besides, a large amount of development and construction caused the disappearance of the natural drainage system. Finally, they formed the situation of the severe shortage of urban water absorption space like today. Land competition between human and water has become a common phenomenon. This proposal is to suggest an alternative solving method for flooding based the nature solution, by protect, manage and sustainably restore ecosystems. Also, to strengthen the public's knowledge and understanding of wetlands, and to arouse public support and participation in the maintenance work for wetland. At the same time, to provide a world-class ecological attraction for the UK citizens and overseas tourists.
The Nature Recovery Network Delivery Partnership is adopted in this project. The Adur & Worthing Councils is the lead client in this project to control the direction of planning and development, cooperate with the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), Sussex Wildlife Trust , the River Restoration Centre and Ouse & Adur River Trust to develop a sustainable urban masterplan with restoration of river and saltmarsh. The Youth Hostels Association (England & Wales) is one of the partners that connecting young people from deprived areas with nature through virtual, field or class-based learning, day and residential trips, citizen science programmes, and volunteer. The above organizations would involve in the design of Wetland Research and Education
TheCentre.scale of this proposal involves a verious range of land use, including restoration area, SSSI site, hostel, housing, wetland park, and education & research centre. Therefore, instead of only obtaining government funding, it can also get supporting from other external funders, such as Envionmental Funders Network.
Section 3 - Development Parameter Page 15 3.1 The Client & Funding
3.4 Schedule of Accommodation
P - Participation, involvement of “stakeholders” in the common development, implementation and evaluation of strategies and actions for the conservation and wise use of wetlands. Levels of involvement and kinds of participation can be highly variable, depending upon both the specific context and the decisions of the individuals, groups and institutions leading the process. A - Awareness, the process of bringing (wetland) issues to the attention of key groups who have the power to influence outcomes. By this programme to turn the learning process from a formal procedure (schools and colleges) to a active and experiential lifelong process for everyone. To help people understand the values of wetlands so that they are motivated to become advocates for wetland conservation.
Exhibition Volunteer Programme Programs that link to school or training that related skill / knowledge about ecology Immersive Programme - allow enter to not normally accessible parts of reservation area
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology RSPB Centre
The two main architecture in this proposal would be the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology and RSPB Centre. The RSPB centre is to act the above CEPA programme, and the research centre is to provide the following -service,-long-term environmental monitoring - Host a wealth of environmental information gathered over decades - Different types of modelling, including flood risk, air quality measurement - Develop innovation, commercialisation and technology in ecology and For-hydrologyTrainingcoursesthearchitectural design, this proposal will focus on the RSBP Centre. SizeNumber LaboratoryReception ~225m2 6 Meeting Room ~30m2 6 Multi-function Room ~100m2 2 Shared Working Area ~200m2 2 Office ~100m2 2 Library ~200m2 1 Hall ~200m2 1 SizeNumber Information Centre & Ticket Office~100m2 1 Cloaking Service & Self-service Lockers ~50m2 1 Exhibition Hall 1 ~500m2 1 Exhibition Hall 2 ~100m2 1 Exhibition Hall 3 ~200m2 1 Exhibition Hall 4a/b ~100m2 1 Cinema ~75m2 1 Lecture Hall ~200m2 1 Kid Corner ~100m2 1 Indoor Play Area ~100m2 1 Multi-function Room ~75m2 2 Cafe ~75m2 1 Souvenir Shop ~100m2 1 Scenic Corridor
BoathouseAreaFestivalWildlife
The CEPA Programme is adopted in this proposal. The acronym CEPA Cmeans,--Communication, the two-way exchange of information leading to mutual and enhanced understanding E - Education, a process of informing, motivating and empowering people to support wetland conservation through their lifestyle and through how individuals, institutions, businesses and governments work.
BoardwalksEco Hotel Room for
Saltmarsh & Species Public Area Engagement/ Education Promotion/ Research / Record (Mid. Disturbance Level) (High Disturbance Level) (High Disturbance Level) Leisure
Birdhideexperiance
Shoreham District Ornithological Society (SDOS) - Bird Recording World of Widewater (WOW) - Ecology Survey -RSPBSpecies Recovery - Nature Restoration - Naturalists - Social day outers - Sensualists Programme
--Visitor:FamiliesBirdWatchers
Section 3 - Development Parameter Page 16 3.3
Restoration2015
Four main aims:
3.5 Precedents - Wallasea Island Wild Coast project’s restoration
Plan
2. To avoid the flood damage risks to the Crouch/Roach Estuaries and Wallasea Island that exist from a future unmanaged breach of the existing seawalls
Aerial photograph of earthworks construction at Wallasea Island
1. To create new intertidal habitats to compensate for losses in the Crouch/Roach Estuaries and to offset historic losses of coastal BAP habitats and species in the UK
The Wallasea Island Wild Coast project’s restoration of 670 hectares of coastal wetland in Essex. Work to restore the final 269 hectares on the southern half of the island, funded by Viridor Credits and Enovert Community Trust. The creation of three new areas of coastal wetland habitat – 55 hectares of brackish marsh, 82 hectares of freshwater marsh, and 132 hectares of tidal saline lagoon. It is the UK’s largest wetland restoration project.
4. To demonstrate through a large-scale practical example adaptation to climate change and sea level rise on the coast.
3. To create an extensive area of accessible coastal land for the quiet enjoyment of nature and open space, reconnecting people with their coastal heritage
Section 3 - Development Parameter Page 17
2012
(2011)
High
Precedents - Yanweizhou Park in Jinhua City Water resilient terrain and plantings are designed to adapt to the monsoon floods; A resilient bridge and paths system are designed to adapt to the dynamic water currents and people flows. The bridge and paths connect the city with nature and connect the past to the future; Resilient spaces are created to fulfill the need for temporary, intensive use by the audience from the opera house, yet are adaptable for daily use by people seeking intimate and shaded spaces. The river currents, the flow of people, and the gravity of objects are all woven together to form a dynamic concord . This is achieved through the meandering vegetated terraces, curvilinear paths, a serpentine bridge, circular bio-swales and planting beds, and curved benches. The project has given the city a new identity and is now acclaimed as its most poetic landscape.
3.5
Section 3 - Development Parameter Page 18
Low MasterplanTide
The preexisiting site Before (2011) After (2014) Tide
3.5 Precedents - The Red Folding Paper in the Greenway
Section 3 - Development Parameter Page 19
This project makes green space full of vigor and vitality through an innovative combination of installation art, outdoor furniture and greenways. Design intervention for the overall greenway includes the ecological restoration of a polluted and channelized river that transformed a previous inaccessible “urban back warren” into a recreational and communicational “urban front yard” for the residents, particularly the children, who are now enjoying this sprightly and vivacious place on their daily route to school. As an important part of the greenway at a larger scale, the Red Folding Paper, is an art installation and outdoor furniture combining seats, trails, bicycle shed and lighting, which has given the greenway its identity and a sense beyond "green."
3.5 Precedents - Brockholes Visitor Centre
Located on a disused gravel quarry off junction 31 of the M6 in Brockhole, a key part of the attraction is the five barn-like structures that will sit less than a foot off the water and provide visitors with firsthand experience of the wetlands and wildlife. These barn structures will be built on single floating deck called pontoons which is a 2.25m high block of concrete covering an area more than half the size of a football pitch. The vision for lightweight timber structures was already conceived by the architect but the practicality of building a structure that would float posed a major challenge. To overcome this challenge, a 65m by 42m pontoon is being currently built on the lake bed. There were some challenges that need to be met for making a pontoon. The pontoon should be stiff enough so that it would not flex, along with the wish of the architect to keep the distance from the deck to the water - known in nautical terms as the ‘freeboard’ - as small as possible to enhance the visitor experience. This was achieved by building a ‘big float’ and placing the buildings on top. The village-like cluster of buildings on the pontoon feature single-story, lightweight timber structures which will largely be fabricated off-site, minimising waste and disturbance to surrounding wildlife. The glulam timber portal frames are currently being craned into position and will be clad with structural insulated panels to help provide a well sealed, thermally efficient envelope that is expected to outperform Building Regulations requirements. The large pitched roofs will be clad in oak shakes while timber battens will be used to clad the walls.
Section 3 - Development Parameter Page 20
Section 2 Interior Section 1 Exterior
‘A Floating World’, a new visitor centre for Brockholes wetland nature reserve designed by Adam Khan Architects, in Brockhole, UK, will feature single-story, timber-frame pavilions on top of a single floating deck.
Section 4 - Urban Planning Page 21
2. Increase catchment & channel surface roughness -increase the resistance of surface -plant trees & hedgerows -restore river 3. Making Connection 4. Combine the trainline & vehicle road -may include the pedestrian walkway 5. Children's Play Area 6. Main -locatBuildinge/near the Brighton Road wile the outer area remain remote from urban development
7. Fixed / Floating Boardwalk -minimized human impact -planting along the access path provides screening & habitat for Thiswildlifeproject serves as a NATURAL HABITAT as well as for education purposes, and so to protetc wildlife from being disturbed by visiors is the 1st mission.
4.1 Concept Sketch For the project related to the sensitive ecological site, disturbance level for wildlife and the impact of activities has to be well considered. The diagrams on the right identify the disturbance zone and levels. The high disturbance activities are planned close to the main wetland centre, wherewith greater distance to the primary nature conservation area.
Low Disturbance Zone Mid Disturbance Zone High Disturbance Zone
1. Increase the space for water storage -temporary water storage while in heavy rain season -connect with the functioning floodpain & create storage pond
Trial
4.2
this plan was overturned after considering the aim of this project since the main idea of this is to renovate the damaged place, not to create other artificial greens. Therefore, the direction of the whole plan turned to generate the entire urban plan by ecology, terrain, and other factors from nature and delete the traces of artificial from trial 1. Trial 2 picked the plant cells as the base to form a more natural waterway. Although it did not succeed, it was an excellent experimental process to enter the natural world. Trial 1b Trial 1 1a
Trial 2
Section 4 - Urban Planning Page 22
Design Process Based on the zoning arrangement in the concept sketches, different trials on the right was derived. Trial 1 is to create two separate waterway based on the existing surface water and river water. Various sizes and shapes of ponds are formed based on the waterway's direction (Trial 1a & However,1b).
Design Process
Trial 3 absorbed the experience from the first two trials. The design of the proposed waterway is based on the previous creeks found in the historical map and connect them with the existing one. The mudflat of the new saltmarsh referenced Tollesbury saltmarshes as the basis for design extension. Trial 3a & 3b are the preliminary river and waterway. Trial 3c is trying to form some ponds for extra water storage while flood and also act as a waterscape during low tide. More than half of the site will turn to flat, very low lying land with varying topography. Different habitats would be created, including open water, reed beds, fens, wet meadows, scrub and woodland.
Trial 3b Trial 3 Trial 3a Trial 3c
The primary purpose of this project is to discover the original charm of this place not only in its physical form but also in respect of nature as the primary consideration, which means maintaining the existing waterways is essential and thought the urban planning to injecting new vitality for this place and surrounding.
Section 4 - Urban Planning Page 23
4.2
Section 4 - Urban Planning Page 24 4.2 Design Process
Section 4 - Urban Planning Page 25 4.3
Diagram 2 - To construct a compound flood control and storage system, form an ecological flood control and purification system by creating tributary and water storage ponds.
Diagram 4 - The area highlighed in green shows the space open for the public where took full advantage of the superior resources, made this plan by applying the landscape solutions, and also organized the ecological and social activities of the green space to create a wonderful nature sight.
Diagram 1 - identified the site into two zones, the eco-conservation area and the eco-buffer area, which represented the level of disturbance.
A few fundamental ideas are adopted in this proposal to elaborate the urban design from the salt marsh generated in section 4.2.
Diagram 3 - Salinity is gradually changed from high to low and created various habitats on site.
General Layout Idea
Diagram 3 Diagram 1 Diagram 2 Diagram 4 SSSIExistingArea Proposed AreaConservationEco Proposed Eco Buffer Area Low Salinity High Salinity RiverExistingAdur WaterwayProposed for River SurfaceWaterwayProposedWaterforWater
Section 4 - Urban Planning Page 26 4.4 Site Level The existing airport flood defence wall will be demolished. The level of eco-conservation area adjusted from ~3m to 0/0.5m, and to bring vitality to the rest of the site, the terrain revised to a various level and formed different valley. The reclaimed construction waste, which included the flood defence wall demolition and the soil that remove from the eco-conservation area, will be used to construct the topography. Adjusting the site level to turn this area serves as a function of water store and drainage, flood prevention, ecological education, and recreational activity to reduce the pressure on flood defence. Existing Level (1:10000@A3) Proposed Level (1:10000@A3) 4.5 4.5 -1.6 -1.6 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.7 0 00.5 0.50.5 0.5 0 1.5 1.51.5 1.5 2.5 3.52.5 3.52.51.5 - 6.5 0.51.52.53.5 - 5.5 - 3 - 3 - 6.5 3.7 3.73.6 3.0 2.8 Existing2.7 Flood Defence Wall 1.3 1.22.1 1.5 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 2.9 2.1 2.1 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1
Section 4 - Urban Planning Page 27 4.5 Final Urban Design (1:10000@A3)
Section 5 - Landscape Page 28 5.1 Key Idea Let It Grow 0 - 5 years, Recovery Stage Low Tide Low Tide HighAverageTide High FloodTide 5 - 15 years, Developing Stage 15 - 30 years, Mature Stage Let It AllowFloodwater be part of the building
Section 5 - Landscape Page 29 5.2 Activities
Construct a forest around the river Adur, enrich biological habitats, create a comfortable small environment, and provide life support functions. The multi-layer landscape creates diverse habitats, a comfortable microclimate and increases three-dimensional space. Build a multifunctional promenade, provide historical site explanation, ecological education and other services, creating a rich landscape tour experience for tourists. Set up activity space around the promenade, which can use for science research, sports, outdoor development and other activities.
maritimaEelgrassSuaeda portulacoideHalimionesempervirensPhragmitesSolidagoSea lavender AcerButterflyweedHolmeplatanoidesOakViburnumdentatum Tamarix HamamelistetrandravirginianaPanicgrass AsterDistichlisspicatatenuifolius roemerianusJuncusMarshmallow alternifloraSalicorniaSpartinaIrishMoss Bream Mussel Fiddler CrabOyster RoachPikeChubOystercatcherPurple Sandpiper Hen Harrier Redshank Teal Bewicks Dunlin Lapwing Ringed ploverUplandRiparianMeadowEmergent Section 5 - Landscape Page 30 5.3 Selection of Plant
5.4 Site SectionSection5-Landscape Page 31 Site Section (1:1000) Key Plan Meadow Planting Meadow Planting Summer High Tide Low Tide S1
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 32 6.1 Building Master Layout Plan Block A - Visitor Centre - Office - Exhibitions Birdhide 1 Birdhide 2 Birdhide 3 Block B - Indoor Children Play Area - Workshops - Cafe Reseach Centre
Page 33 Section 6 - Architectural Design 6.1 Building Master Layout Plan Master Layout Plan (1:1000)
1 Trial 2a Trial 2b
There are two main ideas for designing the wetland centre,1. Tide. Since the site is located next to River Adur and an extra riverway is designed, tidal change will become the characteristic. It is essential to incorporate it into the building. 2. Journey. Compare to provide a stereotyped exhibition area; an interactive and vivid experience would be much preferable. A colossal building block that including all the function rooms is not the perfect way to present the beauty of nature to the visitor. This proposal is more inclined to separate those function rooms and form a long viewing corridor. Visitors are encouraged to walk in and out of rooms; while they finish watching the first exhibition, they can reach the natural ecological environment and feel them in the viewing corridor before entering the second one. The trials on the right show how the wetland centre is located close to the river, experimenting with how to form a viewing corridor and rooms arrangement. Base on the urban design trial
Trial 1
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 34 6.2 Design Process
Design Process With the changes in urban planning, the zoning of architecture has also amended. It changed from a circular loop (trial 2c) to divided into three main areas (trial 3). - Block A includes the reception, office, exhibitions and education area. - Block B is the indoor children's play area, cafe, mini cinema and -workshops.Outdoorarea, Birdhide. Trial 3a is brought the nature scenery into the building. Both landscape and the tide change would be part of the building experience. And the location of the blocks also been adjusted in response to different scenery and Trialsunlight.3bislooking at the relationship between the building and the floating boardwalk.
Trial 3 - Zoning of Wetland CentreTrial 2c Tiral 3a Trial 3b
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 35 6.2
-Structuretoreduce the building contact surface with water - allow water to pass through the building
-Roof2types of roof - added glazing to increase the natural lighting - reflective panel would be installed to refect and soften the natural lighting from the top window
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 36 6.2 Design Concept
6.2.3 Roof Opening Building Form - separate different function rooms - create viewing corridor to bring the scenery into building - covered walkway to connect different rooms to provide a journey experience instead of the standard exhibition hall
6.2.1 Viewing Corridor
6.2.2 Structure
Main Entrance Souvenirs Shop Exhibition Area Exhibition 1 (Wetland) Exhibition 2 (Wetland & Lagoon) Lecture Room 2Lecture Room 1 Exhibition 3 (Wildlife) Reception Office 1RoomMeeting Office 2 StorageRefuseRoomGenset RoomM&E Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 37 6.3 Block A Ground Floor Plan (1:400@A3)
Lay-by
There are designated visitor car parks and lay by within the development. The 22 visitor car parking spaces are located on the left and closest to the entrance. After parking the vehicles or drop off at the layby, visitors can approach the reception via the covered passageway. The covered passageway also links with the layby, and a tourist bus is allowed to drop off half of the space is designed to be covered but not enclosed to reduce the distance between nature and architecture.
CrossingProposed BackOfficeof House Area/Plant Room Exhibition Area Vehicular Access Point Vehicular Lecture/WorkshopRoute Area Visitor Access Point Main Visitor Route Connect to Boardwalk, Birdhide and Block B Block B Non-coveredCoveredEnclosed Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 38 6.3.1 Zoning Hierarchy and Connectivity 6.3.2 Covered, Non-covered and Enclosed Area
Morethere.than
Viewing Platform StorageRefuse Cafe Indoor Children's Play Area Exhibition 4aExhibition(Seasonal) 4b (Seasonal) Workshop 1 Workshop 2MiniCinemaGensetRoomM&ERoom Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 39 6.4 Block B Ground Floor Plan (1:400@A3)
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 40 6.4.1 Zoning Hierarchy and Connectivity 6.4.2 Covered, Non-covered and Enclosed Area BackCafe of House Area/Plant Room Exhibition Area Vehicular Access Point Vehicular Lecture/WorkshopRoute Area Main Visitor Route Boardwalk Connect to Block A Non-coveredCoveredEnclosed
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 41 Block A Block B
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 42 6.5 Fire Service Access
Section 6 - Architectural Design 6.6 Sence of Experience Visitors will be led into the building by the curved fins wall before entering the building. After entering, they will first see an atrium located in the middle and a sweeping view of the wetland. Then when they pass through the covered exhibition area and corridor, they can reach the exhibition areas. The corridor connects the different exhibition areas. After watching an exhibition, visitors can go outside to experience nature before entering another exhibition. Compared with the ordinary exhibition, "Feeling the nature" should be the experience that this centre wants to provide visitors. After passing three different exhibition rooms, visitors can go to the bird hide and block B through the boardwalk. Block B will provide some workshop and seasonal exhibitions. The outdoor exhibition area, cafe, indoor children's play area and mini cinema are also on the side of block B. After all the above activities, visitors can walk back with the covered walkway and back to block A. This is the main route of the entire park. Page 43 Master Layout Plan (1:1000) View 1 View 3 View 5 View 7 View 9 View 6 View 8 View 10View 2 View 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 Main ExhibitionCoveredEntranceArea (Wetland)Exhibition Exhibition 2 (Wetland & Lagoon) Viewing Platform Viewing Platform Workshop&2 Exhibition 4b Exhibition(Seasonal) 4a (Seasonal) Indoor Children's Play AreaMini Cinema Cafe RoomLecture & 2 (Wildlife)Exhibition1:20rampconnectto floating boardwalk 1:20 connectrampto floating boardwalk
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 44 6.7 Entry Plaza Key Plan View 1 View 2 V1 V2 E3E1E2 E4
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 45 6.7 Entry Plaza Key Plan View 3 View 4 V4 V3E3E1E2 E4
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 46 6.7 Entry Plaza Elevation 1 Elevation 2Key Plan E1 V4 V3 E3 E2 E4
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 47 6.7 Entry Plaza Key Plan Elevation 3 Elevation 4 V4 V3E3E1E2 E4
Entry
Key Plan Section 2 Section 1 S2 S1
Page 48 6.7
SectionPlaza6- Architectural Design In terms of the facade design, Palimpsest was used to develop the idea. For material selection, The mud-brick and clay render is chosen for the primary material to keep the previous traces and use other architectural techniques to present the past differently. Moreover, choosing copper for the roof panel is this material will change its appearance according to the time due to oxidisation. Therefore, every time the visitor comes will have a different experience for the centre. It also gives people a sense that water had gone under the bridge and time passing by. Various void with different size and shape is deliberately designed on the facade. Some located where you can see through the entire space and then extend to the outside scenery. Some are visitors can see others walking on the bridge, forming the concept that "When you watch the scenery from the bridge, the sightseer watches you from the balcony." And the lowest opening is 800mm in height, enough for children to enjoy this experience.
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 49 6.8 IndicationalOffice Diagram View 1 - Office View 2 - Shared Working Area V2 V1 Staffs OfficeReception&WorkingSharedCorridorNon-RoomChangingToilet,enclosedSpacePantryLocker&StorageAreaMeeting Room BALOffice
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 50 6.9 Exhibition Area Indicational Diagram View 1 - Exhibition Area 1 View 3 - Exhibition Area 3 V2 ExhibitionV1 1 (Wetland) Exhibition 2 (Wetland & Lagoon) Exhibition 3 (Wildlife)
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 51 6.10 Corridor
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 52 6.11 Block B Indicational Diagram View 1 View 2 V1 V2 Indoor Children's Play Area CafePlatformViewing Mini Cinema Exhibition 4a Exhibition(Seasonal) 4b (Seasonal) Workshop 2 Workshop 1
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 53 6.12 Overview
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 54 6.12 Overview
The covered walkway provides an alternative walkway/route for visitors to connect Block A & B. while on a rainy day. The bannisters are designed to contain various bug habitats, and succulent plants bring vitality to the walkway.
Covered Walkway
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 55 6.13
Section 1 Elevation View 1 Key Plan V1
Floating Boardwalk
Section 6 - Architectural Design Page 56
6.14
The flowing boardwalk is assigned to connect the building and bird hide to provide an outdoor experience for the visitor. This also offered an opportunity to have close encounter activities with nature. The ramp (highlighted in blue below) connecting the boardwalk and building is designed with max. 1:20, so the boardwalk is easily accessible. Also, the flowing boardwalk will stop at 1.5m height while at the low tide period to avoid any damage to the saltmarsh.
Low Tide High Tide Key Plan V1
StructureStructureSlabFrameRoof
7.1 Strucutural Approach
Section 7 - Structure This building supported by the concrete footing and steel structure for the bottom part; the wooden frame supports the upper part. The reason for using wooden structure is Shoreham is a town that has a close relationship with timber, and many ships factory has been built at Shoreham due to it was a transport port/harbour. Also, there is a timber footbridge that connecting to the site, Shoreham Tollbridge. It is a bridge crossing the River Adur and the last timber structure bridge late in the InUK.order to bring this historical factor into the wetland centre, a wooden structure is adopted to respond to the tollbridge. The modular plan is adopted in this project; the room size and structural span are well-considered. Most of the construction elements in this project are planned to prefabricate in an off-site factory (except the foundation works), which reduced wet trades and workforce on site. This method greatly enhances the control of workmanship and quality of the final product. It helps reduce nuisance to the adjacent environment during construction.
Old Shoreham Toll Bridge Low Tide Old Shoreham Toll Bridge High Tide
Page 57
StructureTimberSlabConcretePrefabStructureSteelCor-TenFootingConcrete
Base
Page 58 7.2 Structural Framing Plan Section 7 - Structure Framing Plan (1:1000)
Section 8 - M&E Page 59 8.1
Allocation of Back of House The logistics of allocating the office, plant rooms, and refuse storage is planned as close as possible to the main road, parking area and layby, to minimize the impact to the conservation area and facilitate the maintenance work.
E&M Zone OthersLighting Block A Floor Plan Block B Floor PlanTypical Section
All the function rooms are separate from each other, which increased the opportunity of cross ventilation. A Ground Source Heat Pump system is adopted in this project due to its 300-400% efficiency in its use of electricity and 70% lower carbon dioxide emissions than for a gas boiler heating system. GSHPs require less maintenance than combustion based heating systems. Also have a longer life than combustion boilers. Each building would have a heating system to minimize the piping and transition time. Atrium and various openings are designed to allow the natural lighting to come into the building. Light reflector panels will install in the enclosed area to gain more lighting into the building.
Light
9.3 Lighting
PanelReflectorSun Light Cross Ventilation Cross Ventilation Atrium
Section 9 - Environmental Strategy Page 60 9.1 Ventilation 9.2 Heating System
Typical Wall Section Blow up 1 Blow up 2 21 42 3 10.1 Typical Wall Section
VERSIONSTUDENTAUTODESKANBYPRODUCED PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION VERSIONSTUDENTAUTODESKANBYPRODUCED VERSIONSTUDENTAUTODESKANBYPRODUCED PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION A-3 A-4 A-5 VERSIONSTUDENTAUTODESKANBYPRODUCED Section 10 - Construction Details Page 61
Roof 25/125Construction:mmsoftwood boarding, waterproof, 45/70fire-resistantmmpine counter-battens 45/45 mm pine battens; sealing layer 140+160 mm foam-glass thermal insulation roofing felt 23 mm timber boarding
Triple SlidingGutterglazingScreen4321
Section 10 - Construction Details Page 62 10.2 Connection Detail of Wooden Structure Perspective Section 2 Section 1 Blow up 2 Blow up 1
Wall_Mud Brick Natural Clay Render use
- Make
Page 63 Section 11 - Elevations & Materials Roof Panel_Copper Cladding - The color will change over time base on the its oxidisation
&
of the mud from the existing site Wooden Structure Frame_GlulamWooden Floor Stone Floor Base Structure Frame_Coe-Ten Steel
Section 12 - Perspectives Page 64
