PROJECTS FOR HAITI EDUCATIONAL TRAINING CENTER
PREPARED FOR: THE DEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA PREPARED BY: ABDIAS DALISMA DEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE COLLEGE OF DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND PLANNING UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA SPRING 2015 ADVISOR: LESTER L. LINSCOTT
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would first like to thank Jesus Christ, my Lord and Savior. Without Him, all of this would not have been possible. Thank To.... My studio-mate who encouraged me to strive for success as student. Projects of Haiti, Inc. for giving me the opportunity to design this project The School of Landscape Architecture faculty members for mentoring and dedication to the students and college.
Dedication I dedicate this project to my parents Franceus and Maricia Dalisma . As a first generation Haitian-American, they truly paving the way for in life and in my education. They have overcame so many adversities to get me to where I am today. I am truly grateful for their presence in my life.
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PREFACE
As a Haitian American born in the US, I have had the privilege of gaining an education that most Haitians who lives in Haiti will rarely get an opportunity to attain. With this project, I will collect all the information skills and ideas that I have acquired and share them with Haitian people. One of my primary goals is to educate Haiti on sustainable development and practices within landscape architecture. For me, this will be an exploration in the role of a landscape architect in developing nations.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction The Issue The Project Background Brief History of Haiti and Projects for Haiti Environmental Issues Storm-water Materials Site Analysis The Users Synthesis Project Goals Program Site
Plan Phase One Phase Two Phase Three
Detail Master Plan
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INTRODUCTION
Located in Gainesville FL, Projects For Haiti, Inc. (P4H) non profit organization that hosts mission trips to Cap-Haitian, Haiti where they conduct a various educational seminars. For the past five years their seminars has been forced on health awareness, English classes, youth leaders seminars, vacation bible school, and practical vocational programs. Philosophy Create: We create projects that foster sustainable development, impacting both individuals and the nation as a whole. Support: We support Haitians in their endeavors, solidifying ownership through training and empowerment. Connect: We connect the world to Haiti through partnerships that build alliances and redefine perceptions. Sustainable development is a vital component to the structure their ideals. They envision to be a catalyst for future sustainable development in Haiti through these educational projects. (ABOUT P4H)
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THE ISSUES The number of participants in P4H’s projects have been increase every year and their current locations cannot sustain the increasing capacity. In order accommodate the growth, they desire an education training center that will allow them the capacity to expand as an organization, and serve as a useful facility for non-governmental organization (NGOs) situated in Haiti. The training center’s auditorium and classrooms could be rented out to partner organizations around Haiti. Large facilities for events in Cap-Haitien are difficult to find and many Haitians and organizations are forced to look outside the city. This educational training center may also be used for events such as weddings, banquets, and large-scale events. As an organization that has sustainable development as their primary mission through education, this facility will reflect sustainable development within Haiti’s environment and landscape. The implementation of landscape elements such as green infrastructure and how it will create solutions for major environmental issue that currently Haiti will be explored. (ABOUT P4H)
THE PROJECT The project site is located near the outskirts of Cap-Haitien. The location is a growing town consist on mainly under developed residential, commercial, educational, and agricultural uses. Land-use zoning is not an issue in the so, it is not uncommon mixture community of development. The overall landscape is under developed compared the major towns in the region. The roads are uneven, vegetation is scares, and storm water drainage is an issue. Within the projects site itself is fairly rear a large parcel and land to be near downtown Cap-Haitien. The sense of landscape architecture is not truly recognize in Haiti as a whole. Successfully addressing environmental issues such as water management and agriculture with the practices of environmental sustainability of will be a major task.
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BACKGROUND A BRIEF HISTORY OF HAITI AND PROJECTS FOR HAITI Haiti is a country in the Caribbean Sea that shares the island of Hispaniola with it’s neighboring country the Dominican Republic. During periods of exploration in the late 1600s and early 1700s Haiti was sort of for its sugar, rum, coffee, and cotton exports. It was the most lucrative overseas territory at the time, and was known as Saint Dominigue the ‘The Pearl of the Antilles’. Through the slave trade, which was also booming at the time, the county flourished through the hard labor of black African slaves. The mistreatment and brutal conditions in which the black were subjected to lead to a revolt. Slave leaders Boukman, Toussaint Louverture, and Jean-Jacques Dessalines all contributed to the black slave’s independence in1804. The island was then renamed ‘Haiti’, or ‘Ayiti’ in Haitian-Creole, meaning “mountainous country”. As the as the years went on, Haiti has paid loans demanded by France for its independence, unwilling was occupied by a military powers who seized control of their ports and custom houses, was subjected to a series of massacres, were controlled under the brutal dictators and corrupted leaders, and in 2010 Haiti was struck by a devastating earthquake, amongst other natural disaster, killing thousands of people and destroyed several commercial and residential communities. Today Haiti is a country that is struggling socially, economically, and environmentally compared the it’s surrounding nations. Despite its current reputation as economically the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, the country is rich with people that tell a story of triumph and resilience. Priding themselves as the “First Free Black Republic in the World” they still regard their country as the “The Pearl of the Antilles” Projects for Haiti, Inc. sees this Pearl of the Antilles, and has devoted their mission to partner with Haitians see growth in sustainable development in the communities they work with in Haiti. SOURCES (BLACK IN THE PAST 2011, HAVEN 2011)
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EDUCATION IN HAITI Education is still a the key to Haiti’s social and economic development. According to the UNDP only Haitians who are 25 years and older received on average only 4.9 years of education and only 29 percent attended secondary school. The has government rarely support education in Haiti, and the lack of qualified educational professionals are very limited. Private schools are expensive And most families cannot afford to send their children. This is one of the reasons why Projects for Haiti conduct these mission these trips. To reach out to current educators And give them resources to advance their teaching skills and those who cannot afford private education. SOURCE (USAID 2015)
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES There are many environmental issues that trouble Haiti, three major issues are deforestation, storm-water management, and material waste. Deforestation is the major issue in Haiti. It is said that less than 5% of the nation’s original forest canopy remains and Haiti has the highest rate deforestation of any country in world. This causes a lot of environmental issues such as loss of soil from the erosion, intense flooding, and degradation of water resources. A primary reason for the detrimental depletion of the tree forest canopy is due to harvesting trees for charcoal. (BURGER 2015)
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HAITI
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
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STORM-WATER Storm water management is not prevalent in Haiti at a wide scale. A lot of the rivers the nearby streams near towns polluted with trash because there is no waste management services and a majority of the cities in Haiti. There has been small initiatives to clean up nearby rivers and streams but they have not taken effect nationwide. In order to reduce the amount of storm water runoff is one of the solutions that can be taken.
MATERIALS Throughout some towns and cities trash can be seen everywhere. Waste such as plastic bottles can be found littered throughout streets and rivers. Metal, rubber, concrete, can also be found not being recycled. Because there are a very number limited of facilities for recycling these materials re-purposing these materials will the beginning of finding a long term solutions this problem.
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ANALYSIS
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CARIBBEAN SEA CUBA CAP-HAITIEN HAITI
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DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
SITE CONTEXTS The project site is located in Cap-Haitien, Haiti. Its population often approximately 130,000 people. There’s an airport nearby, the ocean is approximately quarter a mile away, there are mountains found in the north west, pasture lands found in the south east. There is a river that flows into the Caribbean Sea to the North.
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SITE BOUNDARIES RIVER TREE CANOPY WIND SOLAR PATH
SHELTERED BUILDINGS UNDER CONSTRUCTION MIXE-USE RESIDENTIAL MIXE-USE AGRICULTURAL SITE BOUNDARIES
PRIMARY ROAD SECONDARY ROAD SECONDARY ROAD DEAD END BRIDGE PEDESTRIAN PATH SITE ACCESS POINT
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ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS There’s a river that flows northward into the Caribbean Sea. There are seasonal winds that blowing in from the northeastern direction. The existing tree canopy is very sparse. There are a series of clustered tree canopy throughout and near the site.
LAND USE ANALYSIS Zoning is not very prevalent throughout this region. Overall the sense of location is dictated by which every use is more dominant in the area. This plan identifies two types of land uses, mixed-use residential and mixed-use agricultural. There are two type of building construction within the site location. Buildings that are under construction, building that are completely sheltered with a roof. Building that are under construction can remain in an incomplete stages of construction for many years due to various reasons such as finances.
CIRCULATION ANALYSIS There is one primary corridor that allows access to the site on the north-side. Secondary corridors near the site filter in into the surrounding neighborhood. Currently there is only one primary access point located on the north-side of the side.
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OFFICE HOUSING AUDITORIUM CLASSROOM TWO-STORY BUILDING SITE BOUNDARY
SITE BOUNDARIES IMPLIED PROPERTY BOUNDARIES
SITE BOUNDARIES IMPLIED PROPERTY BOUNDARIES 24
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS The client was suggesting to have an excessive amount of program elements throughout the site. These program elements included approximately 15 buildings. The majority of these buildings are classrooms. In this feasibility analysis, it shows that there is only a limited amount space remaining. Initially, the majority of these buildings where single-story, but this analysis, all the buildings are to two-story and there is still a small amount of space of remaining for landscape elements such as courtyards and open spaces.
PROPERTY BOUNDARY Property lines are defined by either a vertical wall or a planet hedge. In this analysis, lines of force that suggest property boundaries were delineated.
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS SYNTHESIZE In order to accommodate the extensive program of the client desires, more land must be acquired to fit the needs for the program. Shown with a solid red line, a new suggested property boundaries for the project was made.
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THE USERS
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PROJECTS FOR HAITI Projects for Haiti is a nonprofit organization that is composed of mostly college students at various levels of education. Some of the students volunteer on a yearly the basis, And others dedicated times to the organization as staff members. In Haiti, P4H needs a facility to conduct all of their educational seminars. Currently the seminars are being held by a local church in the region. And for their stay, in Haiti their housed At the home of the pastor of the church. So, the primary needs If you have a facility that they could call their own. 28
HAITIANS The people that are primarily served on this mission trip Haitian people. There is a very wide range in age group. There are Haitians that are teachers, business owners, and students that would attend these the seminars conducted by P4H.
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PROJECTS GOALS
IDENTIFY A LANDSCAPE CULTURE THAT IS UNIQUE AND INDICATIVE TO HAITI.
REVITALIZE THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH ADDRESSING AND FIND SOLUTIONS TO DEFORESTATION, STORM-WATER MANAGEMENT, AND RE-PURPOSING MATERIAL.
EDUCATE THE COMMUNITY WITH DEMONSTRATIVE LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS THAT CAN BE DUPLICATED THROUGHOUT THE REGION.
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SYNTHESIS
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AFRICAN Culturally, Haiti strong ties with West African customs. For the way walk to the and even in the way we talk there Is a lot of similarities between the two. When exploring site planning, West African site plan designs had a Significant Influence on the overall design of this project.
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FRENCH Haiti also has ties with the French. In efforts to unmask Haiti landscape architecture, French styles of landscape architecture was explored to compare and draw out a landscape identity that could be relative between the two cultures.
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CONCEPT ONE: THE VILLAGE This concept shows the relationship between spaces and their conductivity. Common within the west African culture is to have a central shared with higher density spaces surrounding. The green indicates the environmental will be a primary factor in the site plan design. The linear elements defined the path between spaces and their surrounding elements. 36
CONCEPT TWO: THE PROMENADE The difference in this concept is The major elements are drawn closer the linear path, and Gatherings spaces are in the outskirts
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CONCEPT ONE: THE VILLAGE This concept shows the relationship between spaces and their conductivity. Common within the west African culture is to have a central shared with higher density spaces surrounding. The green indicates the environmental will be a primary factor in the site plan design. The linear elements defined the path between spaces and their surrounding elements. 38
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SITE MASTER PLAN
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SITE MASTER PLAN The overall master plan reflects major key concepts for the educational training center. The tree canopy Is evident by the amount of lightly colored proposed vegetation and the dark colored existing vegetation. The site is divided in to three phases. Each phase addresses environmental issues such as deforestation, storm-water management, re-purposing materials, and agriculture with environmental sustainability practices. 42
LEGEND 1. Classroom 2. Office 3. Auditorium 4. Housing 5. Courtyard 6. Agricultural Training Grounds 7. Subtropical tree canopy 8. Walkway 9. Parking lot 1o. Pasture 11. Open field 12. Entry
Phase One is representative of high density development. Phase Two is representative of educational agriculture. Phase Three is representative reforestation. 43
PHASE ONE Phase One is approximately 2 acres in which the client currently owns. The client had the intention of placing an extensive amount of buildings and program elements that would have left no significant space for landscape development. After Evaluating the feasibility analysis Phase One was designed with keeping in mind the high density development the client desired, but with less building to Increase the amount of open space. The high density is also responsive to current population growth in the local community in the area. The phase also introduces a modern vernacular architecture utilizes passive ventilation strategies, plants that are native, edible, and/or server medicinal purposes, and program elements such as an agricultural training grounds. These features are all are indicative to Haiti’s landscape culture and are essential to the client’s vision for this facility.
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PHASE TWO Phase two introduces and the advancement of the agricultural training grounds. These training grounds will train the community in various agricultural practices. Urban agricultural is one of these practices. This phase also introduces a parking that is a previous surfaces, and auditorium for large scale events.
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PHASE THREE The tree canopy in Haiti is depleting due to deforestation. In this phase, the beginnings of a tree canopy restorations is demonstrated. The plant choices are native canopy and under story plants that are native to Haiti. A trail connects each phase to gather and provides shade for the users.
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PHASE ONE: MASTER PLAN
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PLANTERS AND SEATING AREA
COOKING AREA GARDEN
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PHASE ONE MASTER PLAN CACTUS HEDGE AND WALL
AGRICULTURAL TRAINING GROUNDS
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SITE MASTER PLAN The overall master plan reflects major key concepts for the educational training center. The tree canopy Is evident by the amount of lightly colored proposed vegetation and the dark colored existing vegetation. The site is divided in to three phases. Each phase addresses environmental issues such as deforestation, storm-water management, re purposing materials, and agriculture with environmental sustainability practices. 54
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CACTUS WALL Property boundaries are usually enclosed by either a tall wall where cactus hedge. The walls are typically 12’ feet tall and it does not allow people to see the activities that are taking place What In the walls. Instead of having a solid block Obscuring the vision of passer-byers, A short wall with iron bars are used. This allows the educational training center to be more socially inclusive to the surrounding community. The cactus hedge planted on the interior of the wall Serving as a
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security measure.
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OUTDOOR KITCHEN GARDEN Cooking is mainly done outside. In this garden there is not only a bio-swale that collects rainwater, but also waste water from washing dishes and cleaning clothes. The water is then lead to a rain garden, which filtrates to water before It continues. Other elements include compost bins and recycled tire planters.
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PRELIMINARY AGRICULTURAL TRAINING GROUNDS The agricultural training ground the place where Haitians can learn agricultural practices such as farming animals and growing crop. A green infrastructure element that is on the site is rainwater harvesting. Cisterns on are located at the rear to the auditorium building collecting storm water. Bamboo is as an overhead trellis to provide shade. And recycled barrels called “Hippo rollers� are used to transport water more efficiently then buckets. 60
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CONCLUSION
Landscape architecture is a culture, and in Haiti case, there is a unique level of diversity from West African and French influence. This educational training center must be responsiveness to the current environmental conditions in which it is not created deliberately, but by the lack of understanding in ecosystem services. Moving forward, I have a hope for Haiti, and other country that share it’s likeness, will come to realize, as a whole, the value of the natural landscape and seek to persevere it beauty. One of the ways that this can be realized in the near future is to encourage an educational reform in impoverished nations. This educational training center is the demonstrated the beginnings of sustainable landscape development in third world counties. If build with sustainable principle in mind it will be a benchmark for new training center in its region.
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REFERENCES “ABOUT P4H.” Projects for Haiti. N.p., 2015. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. <http://projectsforhaiti.org/ about-p4h/>. “Haitian Revolution (1791-1804).” The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed. N.p., 2011. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. <http://www.blackpast.org/gah/haitian-revolution-1791-1804>. “A Short History of Haiti.” Haven. N.p., 2011. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. <http://www. havenpartnership.com/History-of-Haiti>. Burger, Andrew. “Deforestation Slows Economic Recovery in Haiti.” Triple Pundit People Planet Profit. N.p., 14 Jan. 2015. Web. Feb. 2015. “Education.” USAID. N.p., Jan. 2015. Web. Mar. 2015. <http://www.usaid.gov/haiti/ education>. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/47/Haitian_school_children.jpg http://highwaytohaiti.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/national-geographic.jpg http://www.dadychery.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/collecting-rain-in-gonpung-1. jpg http://architecture-view.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Earthships-finished-tire-house. jpg PROJECTS FOR HAITI IMAGESCOURTESY OF PROJECTS FOR HAITI AFRICA https://c1.staticflickr.com/9/8363/8360304895_6758c995cc.jpg http://www.theyorubablog.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/African-Village-Life-Aiyeoko.jpg 65
https://espliego.files.wordpress.com/2008/12/west-africa-village.jpg http://www.theyorubablog.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/African-Village-Life-Aiye-oko. jpg https://senegalbyp.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/img_8520.jpg http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/broward/intl0p/picture4071100/ ALTERNATES/FREE_960/Haiti%20Latortue1015%20ze%20epf.JPG, https://www.povertyresolutions.org/wp-content/uploads/jalouise.jpghttp://media-cdn. tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/02/69/7c/7d/filename-dsc-0007-jpg.jpg http://d1iquiwk1tczaf.cloudfront.net/img/clip_images/157/haiti_2010-43__large.jpg FRENCH http://www.davidgiralphoto.com/data/photos/325_1travel_photography_south_19.jpg http://www.francethisway.com/images/stories/castles/foix.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/ wikipedia/commons/0/07/Deauville_2008_PD_04.JPG http://www.nolahomes.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Courtyards-in-French-QuarterCondos-1024x685.jpg https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7237/6982762322_9f5fb4e8af_z_d.jpg http://flyibcair.com/images/destinations/bio-haiti-cap-haitien.jpg http://i239.photobucket.com/albums/ff112/ambreginny/ayiti%20cherie/haitigingerb.jpg http://photos.holyname.org/HNMCinHaiti/Hopital-Sacre-Coeur/i-JXqbxDh/1/M/_MG_3134-M. jpg
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