THE IMPACT OF LANDSCAPE ON COMMUNITY’S MENTAL HEALTH
GRADUATE PROJECT LANDSCAPE DEPARTMENT 20 20 22 21
LA.Abdullah H. AlHibshi Supervisors: Dr.Mamdouh Sobaihi - Dr.Abdulkader AlGilani
CONTENT
01 | ABSTRACT
05 | GOALS
09 | GAPS IN
13 | ESTABLISHING
02 | TIMELINE
06 | SCOPE
10 | RESEARCH
14 | SITE SELECTION
03 | INTRODUCTION
07 | LITERATURE
11 | RESEARCH
15 | CONCLUSION &
04 | PROBLEM STATMENT
08 | CASE STUDIES
12 | NEEDS OF COMMUNITY’S
16 | REFERENCES
• Justification • Problem Definition
OF RESEARCH
REVIEW
KNOWLEDGE
QUESTIONS
METHODS
MENTAL HEALTH
CRITERIA & GUIDLINES
PROCESS
RECOMMENDATIONS
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ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
The research mainly discusses the impact of the landscape on the mental health of the community through the importance of environments and open spaces that enhance the mental health of the community, and this requires knowledge of several main aspects that include knowledge of the landscape in addition to knowing mental health clearly, and the most important thing in this matter is the interpretation of the relationship between them based on A logical sequence through methodologies that explain the therapeutic landscape and mental health,
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INTRODUCTION
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LITERATURE REVIEW
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where the therapeutic landscape theories are divided into several main schools and then their branches. By analyzing the therapeutic landscape theories and its branches, we reach results that explain how to apply the therapeutic landscape and clarify the required factors and the needs of the community's mental health to enhance its quality of life, where we can then establish design criteria and guidelines that enable us to design open spaces and environments that enhance and clarify the importance of the impact of landscape on community's mental health.
RESEARCH NEEDS OF COMMUNITY’S ESTABLISHING METHODS MENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA & GUIDLINES
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INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
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ABSTRACT
GOALS
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PROBLEM STATMENT
GOALS
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LITERATURE REVIEW
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CASE STUDIES
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CASE STUDIES
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INTRODUCTION
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RESEARCH QUESTIONS
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PROBLEM STATMENT
TIMELINE
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GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
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NEEDS OF COMMUNITY’S MENTAL HEALTH
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SCOPE OF RESEARCH
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ABSTRACT
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GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE
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CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS
RESEARCH METHODS
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ESTABLISHING CRITERIA & GUIDLINES
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ESTABLISHING RESEARCH NEEDS OF COMMUNITY’S MENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA & GUIDLINES METHODS
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SURVEY
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SYNTHESIS
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INTRODUCTION
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GOALS
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CASE STUDIES
GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE
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ANALYSIS
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OPPORTUNITIES &CONSTRIANS
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HUMAN ENVIROMENT STUDIES
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CONCEPTUAL PLAN
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PROJECT METHODS
ABSTRACT
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BUILT ENVIROMENT STUDIES
PROJECT BRIEF
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PROJECT CRITERIA &GUIDLINES
VISUAL STUDIES
CONCEPT
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INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Mental health is one of the most important factors that affect people’s lives, either positively or negatively, as it is a basic pillar of people›s way of living in different aspects of their lives. People’s mental health depends on the life they have gone through and many factors in how they spend their various lifetimes. Time is a factor in which people used to spend their lives, what they spend their lives in now, and with which they will spend their lives.
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How people spend their time inevitably affects their mental health, and this is what makes how they spend time a double-edged factor, it can have a positive impact on mental health and can have a negative impact, and it is difficult to be sure of one of the two effects because it is a complex process that requires many analyzes for each particular person. And the extent of factors that affect and are affected by the times of his life.
ESTABLISHING RESEARCH NEEDS OF COMMUNITY’S MENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA & GUIDLINES METHODS
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PROBLEM STATMENT
PROBLEM STATMENT JUSTIFICATION
To define the research problem accurately, it is necessary to know the classifications of the time that people spend in their lives with its various aspects, as well as the effects and effects of this time in general.
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In order to clarify the research problem more clearly, it is necessary to know the biological, psychological and social factors of health and how they interact with each other and what they affect and are affected by.
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RESEARCH NEEDS OF COMMUNITY’S ESTABLISHING METHODS MENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA & GUIDLINES
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PROBLEM STATMENT JUSTIFICATION
TIME Time
Uncontrollable
Controllable (Work, Activities, Freetime...)
(Sleep, Disease, Emotions...)
Biological
Impact Positive Impact
Negative Impact
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MN Psychological
Social
Health Mental & Health Physical
Economic & Income
Social & Culture
Ethics & Education
• Classification of time and its impact in various aspects.
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e
em
Tim
iT
Affect
• The biopsychosocial model of health.
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PROBLEM STATMENT PROBLEM DEFINITION
By knowing how people generally spend their time and knowing the biopsychosocial factors of health, research problem points can be identified more precisely. The study of people’s mental health is a very complex matter that requires knowledge of many factors in many aspects such as both mental and physical health, awareness and the surrounding environment and others in various disciplines such as psychology, sociology and architecture of the environment, which is an important part of mental health.
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Through knowing all the previous data, we find that the availability of the appropriate surrounding environment for the community,
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and its various requirements in how it spends its time is important, which makes it important for the mental health of the community. The definition of the main problem is the lack of appropriate environments for the community to spend its time in a way that enhances its psychological health and knowledge that increases societal cohesion and the exchange of experiences. Because of the lack of environments suitable for the community and the poor quality of the few existing environments, this negatively affects the mental health of the community. Thus, the research mainly discusses the impact of Landscape architecture on the mental health of the community.
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05
GOALS
GOALS
After defining the research problem more accurately and knowing that the research discusses mainly the impact of the landscape on community’s mental health. The goals become clear, and they are as follows: • Creating an effective environment that promotes the mental health of the community.
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• Promoting and exchanging community experiences among themselves. • Increasing the community’s awareness of how they spend their lifetime.
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GOALS
Biological
Increasing the community’s awareness of how they spend their lifetime.
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GOALS Promoting and exchanging community experiences among themselves.
ABSTRACT
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l
igo lac
So cia
P cys loh
Creating an effective environment that promotes community’s mental health.
GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE
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SCOPE OF RESEARCH
SCOPE OF RESEARCH
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ABSTRACT
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PROBLEM STATMENT
To reach effective results that meet the objectives of the research, the scope of the research must be clearly defined, as we mentioned earlier that the mental health of the community is a complex process that requires many factors.
which is known by several terms in this field such as environmental psychology, Therapeutic Landscape (TL), healing gardens, etc. In this research, the focus will be on this scope during the research process.
Since we are discussing the impact of landscape on community's mental health, which is known by several terms in this field such as environmental psychology,
The model shows the position of the therapeutic landscape in the scientific fields with the many fields that branch from the intersection of each field with the other.
GOALS
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REFERENCES
SCOPE OF RESEARCH
Environmental Psychology, Ecological Psychology, Natural Therapy, etc.
Social science, Perception Science, Behavior science, etc.
PHYCOLOGY SCIENCE
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TL ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE
NATURAL SCIENCE
Environment science, Ecological Economic Science, Natural Policies, etc. • Model to understanding position of environmental psychology in different sciences fields.
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RELATION BETWEEN LANDSCAPE AND MENTAL HEALTH What is Landscape ?! Within environmental psychology, the term Nature is generally used to denote a broad category of natural environments and features of those environments, such as single trees, animals or clouds. Because visual experience plays an important role in human–nature interactions, representations of natural environments and features, such as photographs, films, video and virtual nature, are also included in the concept of nature.
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The term natural environment is also broadly defined to include any kind of environment, place or setting where vegetation and other natural elements (such as water) are dominantly present.
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However, different terms tend to be used depending on the degree of cultivation and the size of the setting. The term landscape is typically used for areas, often located in the countryside, that are the result of an interaction between human and natural factors. The term nature area is used to describe more large-scale natural settings that have developed through natural growth rather than design or planning. Finally, green space is a term that is mostly used by policy makers to refer to nature in and around urban areas, such as parks, trees along streets and gardens.
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RELATION BETWEEN LANDSCAPE AND MENTAL HEALTH How can Landscape be measured ?! Measures of the presence, amount or quality of green space in a certain area or place are commonly referred to as green space indicators. Just like health indicators, green space indicators can be assessed in an objective or subjective manner. 34
Objective green space indicators, such as the percentage of an area covered by vegetation or water, can be calculated from maps, photos or land-use databases, or by conducting systematic on-site observations. Subjective (or perceived) indicators can be derived from respondents’ own descriptions of the amount and/or quality of green space in their own environment.
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RELATION BETWEEN LANDSCAPE AND MENTAL HEALTH
What is Mental Health ?! Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. 35
ABSTRACT
Mental health is fundamental to our collective and individual ability as humans to think, emote, interact with each other, earn a living and enjoy life. On this basis, the promotion, protection and restoration of mental health can be regarded as a vital concern of individuals, communities and societies throughout the world.
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RELATION BETWEEN LANDSCAPE AND MENTAL HEALTH
How can Mental measured ?!
Health
be
The health status can be measured by means of health indicators. A distinction can be made between clinical and public health indicators. Clinical health indicators cover objective and subjective measures of patient functioning, such as symptom severity, mortality, hospital days, medication use, discomfort (pain, nausea) and patient satisfaction. Public health indicators give an indication of the health status of a population. These indicators include
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measures based on birth and death statistics, such as mortality rates and life expectancy, measures of the prevalence and incidence of disease and illness (also called morbidity rates), measures of self-reported general, mental and physical health, and measures of health-related quality of life. In addition to primary health indicators, health risk factors, such as smoking, inactivity or stress, can be distinguished, which are associated with an increased probability of disease occurrence in the future.
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RELATION BETWEEN LANDSCAPE AND MENTAL HEALTH
How can a positive relationship between nature and health be explained? We will discuss mechanisms:
four
possible
1.Improvement in air quality. 2.Stimulation of physical activity. 37
3.Facilitation of social cohesion. 4.Restoration from (or reduction in) stress and mental fatigue. This selection is not complete; other mechanisms, such as reduced aggression and crime or an increased intake of healthy foods (from the garden),
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may also be at work. However, because research on these mechanisms is mostly absent or limited, their relevance cannot yet be assessed. The importance of air quality, physical activity, social cohesion and stress reduction for health has been well established. The mechanisms discussed thus far all assume that people must ‘go out’ and make direct physical contact with nature in order to experience health benefits. The validity of this assumption is, however, challenged by findings that merely viewing nature from a window can already have beneficial effects.
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Air Quality
Physical Activities Landscape (Nature)
Health (Mental Health)
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Social Cohesion
Reduction Stress • Schematic representation of relationships among nature, health, and underlying mechanisms. Solid lines represent established relationships; dashed lines represent weaker or inconsistent relationships.
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RELATION BETWEEN LANDSCAPE AND MENTAL HEALTH
After we explained the nature and mental health and their relationship to each other, we are thus talking about the therapeutic landscape and it has many classifications and schools, and the model below shows these studies and classifications.
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There has been a long tradition to view nature as “healer” in different cultures. Garden for the first appears in Europe during the Middle ages,
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with an earnest wish for the spiritual transformation of patients (Gerlach-Spriggs et al.,1998). The therapeutic effects of nature to improve patients’ recovery has been, for the first time, precisely written and published by Florence Night in gale in Notes on Nursing in 1860. She believes that visual connections to nature, such as natural scenes through windows and bedside flowers, aid the recovery of patients(Nightingale, 1863).
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RELATION BETWEEN LANDSCAPE AND MENTAL HEALTH SCHOOLS
Theories
Terminology
Medical Geography
Environmental Psychology
Ecological Psychology
Horticultural Therapy
Therapeutic Landscape
Restorative Environment
Therapeutic Landscape & Healing Gardens
Solutogenic Healing & Therapeutic Landscape
Healing Garden & Therapeutic Garden
Sense of place; four dimensions of therapeutic landscapes:
Attention-Restoration Theory(ART); four features as restorative environment:
Esthetic-Affective Theory (AAT); psycho-evolution theories; three features of healing gardens:
Theories of environmental affordances; ecological psychology
Theory of “flow experience”; sensory stimulation theories
Heft (1999,2010); Grahn etal.(2010); Grahn andStigsdotter(2003).
Söderback etal.(2004); Detweiler,etal. (2012).
• Natural environment. • Built environment. • Symbolic environment. • Social environment.
• Being away, extent. • Fascination. • Action. • Compatibility.
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• Relief from physical symptoms, illness or trauma. • Stress reduction for individuals dealing with emotionally and/or physically stressful experiences.
Representatives
• An improvement in the overall sense of well-being.
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Kaplan andKaplan(1989); Kaplan (1992); Kaplan andBerman(2010)
Gesler (2003)
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Cooper-Marcus and Barnes(1999); Cooper-Marcus and Sachs(2013); Ulrich (1984,1999); Ulrich, etal.(1991); Ulrich and Parsons(1992).
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
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REFERENCES
LITERATURE REVIEW MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY
• Therapeutic Landscape In view of explaining the healing effects of nature, a significant amount of research come from cultural geography leading to the development of the medical geography school. The concept of “therapeutic landscape” is first introduced by medical geographers, to define places with natural or historic features for the maintenance of health and well being Velardeetal,2007. The term “therapeutic landscape” has traditionally been used to describe landscapes with “enduring reputation for achieving physical, mental and spiritual
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REFERENCES
LITERATURE REVIEW MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY
Natural Environment
Built Environment
Therapeutic Landscape
Social Environment
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Natural Environment • The four dimensions of therapeutic landscape
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ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
• Restorative Environment Attention-Recreation Theory and the restorative Environment According to their Attention-Restoration Theory (ART), people process surrounding information through two kinds of attention: • Directed attention • And fascination or involuntary attention (Kaplan, 1992, and Berman 2010).
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Directed attention is employed in tasks such as problem solving. Directed attention fatigue is a type of temporary symptom of the brains that makes people
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feel distractible, impatient, forgetful, or cranky , and hence result in a decline of working efficiency. Recovery of directed attention is enhanced best in restorative environments where fascination system is used. Additionally, nature encompasses four features as a restorative environment: • Being away. • Extent. • Fascination. • Action and compatibility.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
Being away
Restorative Environment
Extent
Fascination
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Action & compatibility • Features of restorative environment
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ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY • Therapeutic Landscape & Healing Garden Psycho-evolution theories and healing gardens. Another stream of research reveals that environmental stressors (e.g., crowding, noise) can elicit substantial stress in people, while visual access to nature shows effects on stress recovery.(Ulrich, 1984; Ulrich etal.,1991) 45
ABSTRACT
Psycho-evolution theories consider that the nature’s therapeutic effect is a matter of unconscious processes and affects located in the oldest, emotion-driven parts of the brain that inform people when to relax. (Grahn, etal.,2010; Ulrich,1999). Backed up by these theories, a significant quasi-experimental study concludes that
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patients get recovered more quickly when looking out of a window with natural scenes.(Ulrich 1999, and Cooper-Marcus and Barnes 1995, 1999) Refer the term “healing garden” to gardens or landscape settings as “…variety of garden features that have in common a consistent tendency to foster restoration from stress and have other positive influences on patients, visitors, and staff or caregivers”. They also present that a healing garden has either one or a mixture of the three following processes:
• Stress reduction and increased levels of comfort for individuals dealing with emotionally and/or physically tiring experiences. • Improvement in the overall sense of well-being.
Moving for ward, the term “healing garden” has been widely recognized, referring to green outdoor spaces in health care facilities that provide a chance of stress relief for patients, staff and families. (Eckerling,1996; Ghari pour • Relief from physical symptoms, illness andZimring,2005; Lau andYang,2009; Stigsdotter and Grahn,2002.) or trauma.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
Healing Garden
Relief from physical symptoms, illness or trauma. 46
Stress reduction and increased levels of comfort.
Improvement in the overall sense of well-being. • Healing garden processes.
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ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
• Salutogenic Healing
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ABSTRACT
Salutogenic environments and the ecological approach Frederick Law Olmsted, who is internationally renowned as the founder of modern landscape architecture in America stated that an environment containing vegetation or other nature “employs the mind without fatigue and yet experiences it… gives the effect of refreshing rest and reinvigoration to the whole (health) system”. Olmsted’s ideas about the healthful, therapeutic nature in cities is still a major influence today on urban park system and community green open spaces.(Ulrich and Pearson,1992)
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Since the1970s, perceptual psychologists, represented by J.J. Gibson, suggests an environment-behavior model identifying that the environment affords certain behaviors. (Kleiber etal.,2011; Greeno, 1994) The model no longer considers viewers as receptors of meaningless environmental stimulations; conversely, they emphasize on the dynamic and reciprocal relationship between perceiver and what the environment affords—that is, environmental affordances.(Heft, 2010; Gibson, 1979)
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This approach of perceptual research is known as ecological approach. In this frame-work, researchers believe that environmental affordance in landscape plays a key role in alleviating the so-called lifestyle-related symptoms (e.g., burnt-out disease, stress-related pain), by stimulating physical activity, facilitating social contacts and social cohesion among residents.(Vries, 2010,) And encouraging meaningful communications among children and the environment. (Moore and Cosco,2010)
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Environmental
Optical Array: Relative Brightness: Texture Gradient: The patterns of light Objects with brighter, The grain of texture that reach the eye clearer images are gets smaller as the from the environment. perceived as closer. object recedes. Gives the impression of surfaces receding into the distance.
Relative Size: When an object moves further away from the eye the image gets smaller. Objects with smaller images are seen as more distant.
Superimposition: If the image of one object blocks the image of another, the first object is seen as closer.
Height In The Visual Field: Objects further away are generally higher in the visual field.
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• JJ.Gibson's ecological approach theory that about how environmental cues affect people's visual perception thus affecting their behavior.
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HORTICULTURAL THERAPY
• Horticultural Therapy (HT) Horticultural Therapy School The horticultural therapy leisure theories back up researches in the way that adults feel rewarded during gardening activities and may go through “flow experiences” with feelings of well-being, total commitment, and forgetfulness of time and self.(Czikszentmihalyi, 1990) Horticultural therapy scientists usually refer to “healing gardens” or “therapeutic gardens”as settings that provide places for gardening activities and encourage physical movements, such as therapeutic walking.(Detweiler etal.,2012) In recent decades in the United States, some healing gardens focus on the design of sensory stimulation and accommodation of horticultural activities.
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This approach has been proven beneficial for the patients with dementia or post-traumatic stress symptoms.(Detweiler et al.,2012; Söderback etal.,2004) To broaden the views of research, this framework refers to “therapeutic landscapes” as general public open spaces that improve people’s physical, mental/spiritual/emotional, and social wellbeing. Additionally, the term “healing garden” is referred to gardens and natural settings in health care facilities that support users’ stress reduction and enhance patients’ recovery.
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HORTICULTURAL THERAPY
Social
Preference
Psycho-social
Vocational
Living Plants
Psychological
Self-worth
Horticultural Therapy
Measurable Goals
Human Factor
Spiritual / Philosophical
Psychophysiological
Physical
• A model defining Horticultural Therapy by integrating the key elements that define it as a profession, using a Venn diagram (Relf 2005).
Cognitive
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Rehabilitation
Psycho-motor
• Adaptations by "Relf" to the model of the benefits of horticultural therapy include the spiritual/philosophical component of the benefits.
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CASE STUDIES
CASE STUDIES
THERPUTICE LANDSCAPE & HEALING GARDENS
• Hengqin Hospital Garden, Zhuhai, China
The site interacts with the ever-changing landscape by ascertaining the unique phenomenological qualities and cultural influences inherent in a site and then deploying interventions to embrace, reveal, and often embellish these qualities. “Nature” is abstracted in his projects, and he engages technological and ecological aspects of a site to create a celebration of nature and a sense of wonder.
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ABSTRACT
Healing
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• Thinking process sketch.
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THERPUTICE LANDSCAPE & HEALING GARDENS
The data shows how effective exposure to natural elements can be for the healing process. Also, personally, hospitals cause me anxiety, so I like the idea of making them easier to navigate. Crafting a space that directly connects someone to an increased ameliorative process is a nice thought, and landscape design is uniquely able to do so.
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• Drawing for the healing garden in the 5th XiangYa Hospital in Changsha, China.
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THERPUTICE LANDSCAPE & HEALING GARDENS
The garden influenced everything as it made its way into the public spaces. For my projects in the U.S., the garden is a strong component, but has had less prominence in the overall organization of the hospital. They are not afraid of water in Chinese hospitals, which is a nice element to work with given its association with healing. In the U.S. they are much more concerned about Legionnaires’ disease and bacteria in the soil.
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• Sketch for Hengqin Hospital Healing Garden.
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ECOLOGICAL LANDSCAPE PSYCHOLOGY
• Viveda Wellness Retreat Context - One of the most striking features of the site is its setting. The site is situated between the gigantic Sahyadri mountain range, the mesmerizing waters of Gautami Godavari dam and a mosaic of multi-toned farmlands, sporadic trees, cattle, cows, buffaloes, sheep, goat and so on. The region has a hot and dry climate especially during summers, but enjoys pleasant monsoons and winter conditions.
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The first intention of the project was to design spaces that responded to this setting. Most of the spaces are designed to create shade with minimum walls to allow maximum natural light and ventilation. All the buildings are perforated with courtyards and green pockets makes the project breathable and decreases the ambient temperature and adds the necessary moisture required in a hot and dry climate.
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Materiality - The second intention of the project was to understand and incorporate building practices from the Beze village and surrounding settlements. Typically, houses here have a stone plinth, timber framework, brick or mud walls and clay pot tiles for roofing. Construction activities, like most other activities are seen as a cooperative set of activities and form of mutual exchange of skills, labour and resources.
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HORTICULTURAL GARDEN
• Shanghai Garden, the Beijing Horticultural garden The 2019 Beijing World Horticultural Exhibition is located along the Gui River ， Yanqing District, Beijing, with a total area of 960 hectares. The Shanghai Garden Exhibition is located at China’s Horticultural Exhibition Area, adjacent to the China Pavilion and the Beijing Garden Exhibition, with a total area of 2,850 square meters. As a representative of Shanghai Horticulture, Shanghai Garden will reflect the top level of Shanghai’s horticultural design. With the theme of “auspicious cloud”,
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Shanghai Garden presents a harmonious picture of “ the auspicious clouds bring good luck, while the refreshing rain nourishing all creatures” through the techniques of gardening, expressing the blessings for China and the wishes for a better life. The Garden is divided into six areas: Cloud Stairs, Cloud Shadow, Cloud Clothes, Cloud Hill, Cloud Nest, and Cloud Nest. While presenting the achievements of horticulture, it also displays unique Shanghai-style gardening culture and local characteristics.
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The overall layout of the Shanghai Garden satisfies the needs of the exhibition, making full use of the space to shape various landscape spaces from airtight to open, from outdoor to indoor, from natural to artificial, from flat to stereoscopic. For the touring route, the three different elevations of the ground, the air bridge and the narrow road are prepared for the visitors, so that they can appreciate the beauty of gardening from different viewing heights, as if they were surrounded by the beauty of the endless flowers, thus having a splendid experience in the garden.
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HORTICULTURAL GARDEN
Through the "Cloud Stairs" - "Cloud Clothes" - "Cloud Hill" - "Cloud Nest" "Cloud Dock" - "Cloud Shadow", the landscapes with various space characteristics and plant features are presented, with abundant fogs to highlight them, so as to create a unique landscape touring experience of “life on the clouds, wandering in the clouds”.
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GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE
GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE
After discussing the literature on the impact of landscape architecture on the mental health of the community, some voids will inevitably appear in the literature reviews that match this research, 77
And they are summarized as follows: TIME CHANGE The time difference will definitely affect the study of the community's mental health, and this does not make the literature fully match the research.
ABSTRACT
CHANGE OF PLACE The difference in location is one of the most important matters for the mental health of the community. With different places, cultures differ, and thus some voids appear in the literature from different places.
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AMBIGUITY RESEARCH Most of the research that discusses therapeutic landscapes speaks more generally, as it does not clearly define a social group from a psychological perspective.
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TIME CHANGE
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GAPS
CHANGE OF PLACE
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RESEARCH QUESTIONS
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
•WHAT IS THE NEEDS OF COMMUNITY’S MENTAL HEALTH ?!
•HOW CAN LANDSCAPE MAKE AN IMPACT ON THE COMMUNITY'S MENTAL HEALTH ?!
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•WHAT IS THE FACTORS OF COMMUNITY’S MENTAL HEALTH ?!
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RESEARCH METHODS
RESEARCH METHODS
HISTORY THEORY
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Mixed Mood
Qualitative
Quantitative
Experimental
Non-numerical data collection strategies descriptive interpretation of data.
SOCIAL
BEHAVIOR
Numerical data collection strategies precise statistical analysis of data.
ENVIROMENT
OUTCOMES / OCCUPANTS
RESEARCH IN ARCHITETURAL PROFFISION
PRODUCTS / SYSTEMS
ECONOMY
Physical studies controlled interpretation and statistical analysis of data.
TECHNOLOGY
PROCESSES TOOLS
Typical research methods of architectural research.
• Typical research categories of architectural research.
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RESEARCH METHODS
Research Methods
Research Questions Qualitative Survey
Qualitative
WHAT IS THE NEEDS OF COMMUNITY’S MENTAL HEALTH ?!
Archival Research Case Studies
Surveys
Quantitative Correlational Research
Experimental
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HOW CAN LANDSCAPE MAKE AN IMPACT ON THE COMMUNITY'S MENTAL HEALTH ?!
Experiment
CASE STUDIES
WHAT IS THE FACTORS OF COMMUNITY’S MENTAL HEALTH ?!
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NEEDS OF COMMUNITY’S MENTAL HEALTH
Through the literature, explanations of the problem, and previous studies, we conclude that the psychological
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These axes vary in their importance in relation to the research issue. We find that the natural axis takes the greatest weight by virtue of the fact that the study is centered on it, followed by social life, and that to achieve the integrated equation, the health aspect must be studied to justify the relationship of the social life health with the natural, and then study the urban fabric that embraces social life and finally The economic aspect that serves as the operator and supporter of the social life.
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RESEARCH NEEDS OF COMMUNITY’S METHODS MENTAL HEALTH
Self-Actualisation
WHAT YOU WANT
Maslow's model purports to show the motivations of us humans. The most basic at the bottom of the pyramid. Once these needs are met, we are motivated by the next need up in the pyramid all the way to the top.
needs of the community are based on several axes, as follows: • Natural • Social • Health • Urban • Economic
Self-Actualisation
Self-Actualisation
WHAT YOU NEED
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To develop a program related to the mental health of the community and the extent of the impact of environmental architecture on the mental health of the community, it is necessary to know the human needs and their types and gradation, and through this it is possible to reach a program that meets the needs of the community from several factors, including the mental health of the community.
Self-Actualisation
• Malsow’s model purports to show the motivations of us humans.
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NEEDS OF COMMUNITY’S MENTAL HEALTH
NATURAL
SOCIAL
HEALTH
URBAN
ECONOMIC
Water source (valley, pond, dam...)
Densely populated
Mental health
Proximity
Level of Invesments
Plant quality (density, species...)
Different ages
Physical health
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Wildlife (birds, animals...)
Education level
Lifestyle
Connectivity
Climate
Community culture & behavior
Clinical care
Infrastructure
Landuse
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ESTABLISHING CRITERIA & GUIDLINES
Through research questions and data analysis, we can learn how to apply the therapeutic landscape, and one of these theories is to focus on the five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. The five senses are what make a person aware of the surrounding environment around him and thus affect mainly on cognition and psychological health, and this is done through the fact that the brain is affected by several factors, including its reception and being affected by the five senses, and this leads mainly to the influence of psychological factors.
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SIGHT
TOUCH
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TASTE
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SMELL
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ESTABLISHING CRITERIA & GUIDLINES
There are factors that affect the sense of sight and what it reflects on the psychology of the recipient, and these factors vary in several degrees according to the environment surrounding the recipient, and the most important of these factors are: Distance: where the distance affects the person's sense of arrival and this is related to his mental health through distance, proximity, and the extent of his visual perception of the surrounding elements. Angle: The angle of view gives a big difference in how a person senses the surroundings and how big and small the elements around him are.
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Colors: Colors give greater depth to the recipient, as they add a kind of perceptual depth in several respects, such as contrast, transparency, flicker, and others. Texture: The feeling varies when looking at a specific surface, depending on the quality of the texture, from smooth to rough. Light: The intensity of lighting is one of the most important factors that greatly affect the accuracy and clarity of the elements surrounding a person in the ocean. Dynamic: Looking at fixed elements differs from moving ones and also varies according to the extent of their dynamism, direction of movement and speed of movement, which reflects different feelings depending on all these factors.
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Angle
Lights
Distance
Texture
SIGHT
Colors
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Dynamic
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ESTABLISHING CRITERIA & GUIDLINES Sound is one of the senses that affects a person's sense of what is around him according to the environment and surroundings around him according to several factors, the most important of which are: Sound intensity: The intensity of the sound is an important factor, and it varies according to the high and low sound, and this is reflected in the receiver and his senses greatly. Clarity: The clarity of the sound is one of the points that affects the psychological difference of the recipient depending on the clarity of the sound and the extent of its disappearance. It is possible that the sound is not clear in a way that gives a sense of ambiguity, for example. Frequency: The frequency of the sound has a major role in the sequence of a person's senses, depending on whether the sound is continuous, harmonious with the surroundings, or hesitant.
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Intensity
HEARING
Clarity
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Frequency
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ESTABLISHING CRITERIA & GUIDLINES The sense of smell is one of the senses that affects the psyche of a person greatly, as each specific smell gives a different feeling in the void according to several factors, the most important of which are: smell source: according to the source of the smell, the quality of the smell and the extent to which it is felt varies, which strongly affects the psyche of the recipient. Intensity: The intensity of the smell varies, whether it is jet-set to a repulsive degree, balanced in harmony with the place, or light, and each has a different feel. Interference: The interference of odors greatly affects the sense of emptiness and its sequence, as the interference varies, whether it is harmonious or contradictory, which affects the psychological feeling of the recipient.
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Smell Source
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SMELL
Intensity
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Overlap
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ESTABLISHING CRITERIA & GUIDLINES
One of the great challenges in how to apply the therapeutic landscape is how to activate the sense of taste in an appropriate manner, as it affects the person’s perception of the void through several factors, the most important of which are: Smell: It has been scientifically proven that during smell, a person can feel the taste of what he smells, so he can influence the sense of taste using aromatic plants, for example. Sight: Looking is indirectly related to taste. When looking at a beautiful element, this affects the rest of the senses. This can be employed through the use of fruitful plants.
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Smell
TASTE
Sight
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ESTABLISHING CRITERIA & GUIDLINES
Touch is one of the senses that affects the senses clearly. Through touch, different sensations can be sensed according to several factors, the most important of which are: Texture: The texture varies from soft to coarse, and the sensations vary, affecting different feelings and sensations. Sight: When looking at a specific texture, the recipient is affected by the feeling of the texture before touching it, according to its type and how rough or smooth it is. Light: Light affects the clarity of the different texture, showing how rough or smooth it is, which visually affects the feeling of touch.
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Texture
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TOUCH
Lights
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Sight
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ESTABLISHING CRITERIA & GUIDLINES CRITERIA
NATURAL
SOCIAL
HEALTH
URBAN
ECONOMIC
Protected & management the natural areas and ecosystem
Engaging community with nature
Community awareness about the impact of landscapes on mental health
Considering integration between urban fabric and nature
Empowering landowners to create beneficial activities
Activating the sustainable aspect
Strengthening social bonds
Create activities that promote community health
Activating urban infrastructure services sustainably
Create investments that support the site
Utilizing nature aspect to enhance community's mental health
Creating effective community activities
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Engaging health centers with nature
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Making the urban fabric in line with the natural environment visually
RESEARCH NEEDS OF COMMUNITY’S METHODS MENTAL HEALTH
ESTABLISHING CRITERIA & GUIDLINES
Make community participation create income for the community by exchanging experiences
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ESTABLISHING CRITERIA & GUIDLINES DESIGN GUIDLINES
NATURAL
SOCIAL
Use the natural aspects from all directions to enhance health
Acssessibility for all community
HEALTH
URBAN
ECONOMIC
Design that supports healthy activities
Design that emphasize nature and doesn't overwhelm it
Inexpensive design
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Considering the changes of seasons in the nature
Design areas to suit everyone
Emphasize the natural focal points
Considering the natural visual aspect for people between indoor and outdoor
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Linking the design to nearby health centers
Eco-friendly design unpolluted
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Combine building blocks with natural elements
Natural materials in harmony with the surrounding environment
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ESTABLISHING CRITERIA & GUIDLINES
Inexpensive to maintain
Investment Attractive Design
SITE SELECTION PROCESS
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SITE SELECTION PROCESS
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WADI QANAH “ALMADENAH ALMONAWARAH” 8
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SITE SELECTION PROCESS
NATURAL
SOCIAL
HEALTH
URBAN
ECONOMIC
Water source (valley, pond, dam...)
Densely populated
Mental health
Proximity
Level of Invesments
Plant quality (density, species...)
Different ages
Physical health
Accessibility 104
Wildlife (birds, animals...)
Education level
Lifestyle
Connectivity
Climate
Community culture & behavior
Clinical care
Infrastructure
Landuse
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SCOPE OF RESEARCH
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ABHA LAKE “ABHA” 5
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SITE SELECTION PROCESS
NATURAL
SOCIAL
HEALTH
URBAN
ECONOMIC
Water source (valley, pond, dam...)
Densely populated
Mental health
Proximity
Level of Invesments
Plant quality (density, species...)
Different ages
Physical health
Accessibility 106
Wildlife (birds, animals...)
Education level
Lifestyle
Connectivity
Climate
Community culture & behavior
Clinical care
Infrastructure
Landuse
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GOALS
SCOPE OF RESEARCH
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WADI QOUB “ALBAHA” 3
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REFERENCES
SITE SELECTION PROCESS
NATURAL
SOCIAL
HEALTH
URBAN
ECONOMIC
Water source (valley, pond, dam...)
Densely populated
Mental health
Proximity
Level of Invesments
Plant quality (density, species...)
Different ages
Physical health
Accessibility 108
Wildlife (birds, animals...)
Education level
Lifestyle
Connectivity
Climate
Community culture & behavior
Clinical care
Infrastructure
Landuse
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WADI “GHADEER ALBANAT” “ALTAIF” 2
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ESTABLISHING CRITERIA & GUIDLINES
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CONLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES
SITE SELECTION PROCESS
NATURAL
SOCIAL
HEALTH
URBAN
ECONOMIC
Water source (valley, pond, dam...)
Densely populated
Mental health
Proximity
Level of Invesments
Plant quality (density, species...)
Different ages
Physical health
Accessibility 110
Wildlife (birds, animals...)
Education level
Lifestyle
Connectivity
Climate
Community culture & behavior
Clinical care
Infrastructure
Landuse
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ABSTRACT
WADI QANAH “ALMADENAH ALMONAWARAH”
ABHA LAKE “ABHA”
WADI QOUB “ALBAHA”
WADI “GHADEER ALBANAT” “ALTAIF”
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The site is in the northside of Al-Madinah city, with an area of 6 squares kilometres, the site is known for its biodiversity (pond, multiplicity of vegetation, mountains, wildlife) it is surrounded by farmlands and Al-Baidah park next to an area that is known as Alghaba. • The site gained its name because the high density of vegetation. WADI QANAH “ALMADENAH ALMONAWARAH”
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• The pond is one of the main natural features at the site.
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it is known that the pond was formed due to the excavation work in the past years. Because of the dam that was built in 1997 and the sewage water treatment, all these features helped in forming the pond which reinforced in formatting the biodiversity of the area. 112
• The site is next to farmlands and according to locals it used to be an area for hunting, and now it is considered as a place that locals use as a place that they visit to get away from the urban areas.
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CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSION
• The research mainly explains the impact of the landscape on the mental health of the community by defining both the landscape and mental health and clarifying the relationship between them. • Therapeutic landscape is the link that explains the relationship of landscape and mental health. • Therapeutic landscape is a science that falls within the scope of three main sciences: psychological sciences, natural sciences, and architectural sciences, and many disciplines fall among them.
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• Therapeutic Landscape has several schools that explain deep and complex scientific theories that explain the relationship of Landscape to mental health. • The main Landscape schools are medical geography, environmental psychology, environmental psychology, and horticulture therapy.
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CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
• The most important recommendations, the first of which is to continue to activate and study this aspect of research due to its importance and the lack of research in it. • Involve different bodies such as health, sociology and others in working on this type of research as an integrated team to close the gaps between different disciplines. • Activating the study of therapeutic landscape research on a practical level, especially in areas that need this type of projects and research.
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• Place therapeutic landscape or environmental psychology...etc as the main subject to be studied in the disciplines that are related to it. • Consider, during the design processes of the landscape, the psychological aspect and how it affects the users and social life.
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REFERENCES
BOOKS:
ARTICLES:
WEBSITES:
• Steg, L., & M., D. G. J. I. (2019). Environmental psychology: An introduction. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
• Jiang, S. (2014). Therapeutic landscapes and healing gardens: A review of Chinese literature in relation to the studies in western countries. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 3(2), 141–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2013.12.002
• staff, A. S. L. A. (2019, March 15). Healing landscapes design practice. The Field. Retrieved December 26, 2021, from https://thefield.asla.org/2019/03/26/healing-landscapes-designpractice/
• Marcus, C. C., & Sachs, N. (2014). Therapeutic landscapes: An evidence-based approach to designing healing gardens and restorative outsdoor spaces. Wiley. • Aksamija, A. (2021). Research methods for the architectural profession. Routledge. • Marcus, C. C. (1997). People places: Design guidelines for urban open space. J. Wiley & Sons. • Åberg-Bengtsson Lisbeth, & Gibson, J. J. (1996). En sammanfattning av James J. Gibsons Ekologiska ansats - an "ecological approach to visual perception". Inst. för pedagogik, Göteborgs univ.
• @inproceedings{Khachatourians2006TherapeuticLA, title={Therapeutic Landscapes: A Critical Analysis}, author={Ariane Katharine Khachatourians}, year={2006} • Landscape, gardens and the space between the buildings. (n.d.). Healing the Hospital Environment. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203170540_chapter_2 • Davis, S. H. (1995). American Horticultural Therapy Association: Its purpose and potential. HortTechnology, 5(2), 121–126. https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech.5.2.121
•Abdel, H. (2021, April 30). Viveda Wellness Retreat / a for architecture. ArchDaily. Retrieved December 26, 2021, from https://www.archdaily.com/958179/viveda-wellness-retreat-a-for -architecture • Yuekang, 舒岳康- S. H. U. (2019, September 5). Shanghai Garden, the Beijing Horticultural Exhibition 2019 / Arcplus Architectural Decoration & Landscape Design Research Institute. ArchDaily. Retrieved December 26, 2021, from https://www.archdaily.com/924222/shanghai-garden-arcplus-arc hitectural-decoration-and-landscape-design-research-institute
• Kaplan, R., Kaplan, S., & Ryan, R. L. (2005). With people in mind: Design and management of Everyday Nature. Island Press.
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THANK YOU
“IDEA OF TODAY, IS THE FUTURE OF TOMORROW” LA.Abdullah AlHibshi