Research Based project
understanding paper cosumption pattern in NID
GUIDE Dr. TRIDHA GAJJAR
index abstract process focus group research methods questionnaire interviews paper recycled paper paper users alternatives for paper typical calculations grounded theory data collection conclusion current scenario / tie up scenario
abstract For last few centuries paper was rare and precious commodity after new Innovations and modern techniques availability of papers and its existence in today’s world is predominant.Each year world produces around 300 million ton of paper . Every year world consumes billions of copy paper, millions of books, magazines, journal, notebooks and other forms of paper materials. For this huge requirement of paper each year 30 million forest area is deforested annually. The more use of paper the more is deforestation, more than 40% logged trees are used for making variety of paper. For ton of paper two to four ton of trees are brought to the mill. As a communication design student this scenario threatens me for the future of forests and environment around me. Even in process of designing paper plays vital role to come up with right solutions. Ideating on paper consumes a number of papers as a design student we should be aware of the fact that paper is made out of trees and we should respect it and use it properly to save this commodity. Research method that I followed to understand the consumption pattern of paper used in Ahmedabad campus of NID was One to one interview and questionnaire filling from the students. I categorized the Qualitative data as well Quantitative data which I got through my subject research conducted in NID. During period 15th June to 15th July.
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process
Background study : Questionnair formation Collection of Data Analyzing Data Concluding the result Study world scenario about consumption of paper
To get Information from the students in terms of qualitative as well as quantitative
on the basis of collected data
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FOCUS GROUP
Students of NID. Paper selling shops, Copiers, Printers inside NID.
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RESEARCH METHODS Qualitative Research To gather an in-depth understanding of student behavior and the reasons to analyzethere pattern of consuming paper. The discipline investigates the why and how they use paper, not just what, where, when. Hence, smaller but focused samples that I studied during this persion will help to plot a pattern of usage of paper in NID While conducting a Qualitative research I used various approaches in collecting data, such as narratology, classical ethnography, or shadowing. Qualitative methods. I worked on Questionnaire to collect data while collecting this data I got the opportunity to speak with students from my discipline as well as other disciplines, discussion with them me gave a bit of understanding of paper consuming behaviour in NID. In the academic social sciences the most frequently used qualitative research approaches include:
Ethnographic Research
The study of a NID student culture and their behaviour of consuming paper and their understanding of the role of
design students as a future designers to a society.
Ethical Enquiry
questions asked to the student during data collection were about the appropriate use of paper and the suggestions
that they will give to others as a responsible designer. Gave me Ethical answers by the student of NID.
Critical Social Research Students in NID are known about recycling of paper and appropriate use of paper as well as they are taking actions to
use paper in proper way . they are using both sides of paper , they are aware about printing
documents when it is necessaray to print.
Historic Research Discussion with Incharge of Prateek Copiers & It center print section which is based inside NID gave me valuable
insights about the student behaviour at NID. According to his observation before 3to4 year there were few peope
in NID were really active about saving paper compare to now that ratio was higher Now people are not so interested
to take those actions such as printing when its necessary , printing both sides.
Philosophical Research
some of the faculty members inside NID campus are always been careful about the saving paper and using recycle
paper same time they do promote this issue to others students too.
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Phenomenological Research, Each year around 1million paper sheets are consumed by NID students Quantitative Research through Numbers.
While creating the questionnaire I intended questions which will give me some figures of paper consumption as well
as it will give information about types and sizes used by student in NID. The objective of quantitative research con
ducted by me was that it will give me numbers which will have authenticity due to sample focus group selected by me
having 20 percent students . In quantative data i got through questionnaire i used to create a measurements and
patterns of paper use by per student per year. used in the social sciences in contrast to qualitative research. Quan
titative research is generally made using scientific methods, which can include: The generation Questionnaire to get
paper consumption information from the student The development of graphical representation of data got through
questionnaire
Categorizing Data Concluding the data with various representation techniques. Statisticks collected data
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QUESTIONNAIRE FORMATIION OF QUESTINNAIRE TO GET DATA The generation of questionnaire to get paper consumption information from the students. The development of graphical representation of data got through questionnaire, categorizing data, concluding the data with various representation techniques and statistics way of collectig the data. While creating the questionnaire I intended questions which will give me some figures of paper consumption as well as it will give information about types and sizes used by student in NID. The objective of quantitative research con ducted by me was that it will give me numbers which will have authenticity due to sample focus group selected by me having 20 percent students .
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interviews Prateek Copiers in NID campus Interview with Jayesh In a single day we do xerox 2000 A4 size, 50 A3 papers on a average. In a single month we do xerox 44000 A4 size , 1000 A3 size papers on a avarage We use 75gsm Copier paper for black and white xerox ( Manifacturer Power Copier ) Major copies are taken by Academic Administration Everyday. on an average 100 A4 size each day. During Admission / Orientation day administration takes around 1500 A4 size copies each day. In a single month 33,000 back to back copies are done for coping a publication in NID. Everyday 50 A4 , 5 A3 goes waste due to wrong commands , as well as due to some techniqal fault in machine That also states there is 1500 A4, 150A3 size copier paper wastage each month. There is a reduction in customers of NID which asks them to print on both sides as well as reusing paper backside for copying their material about Observation from the staff of Prateek copiers
It center printing in NID campus Interview with Jitu Bhai In a single day we do print 500 A4 size, 25 A3 size 75gsm black and white prints on a average. In a single month we do print 15,000 A4 size , 750 A3 75gsm black and white prints on a average. We use 75gsm Copier paper for black and print ( Manifacturer Power Copier ) Major printing done by by Academic Administration ,Graphic,Textile Design students. During Admission / Orientation day administration takes around 1500 A4 size prints During summer vacation workshop program we printed black and white 5000 a4 In a single month we do print 7500 a4 size , 600 a3 size color prints on 120gsm paper. In a month we do print 20 a2 or large size print on average. During Juries students do take prints per head 80 a4. There is a reduction in customers of NID which asks them to print on both sides as well as reusing paper backside for copying their material about Observation from the staff of It center student, academic, faculties, staff as well as maximum prints are done during projects done under NID.
Student Store Inside NID Interview with Satish Bhai. 21,700 300-500 A0 In a single day we do sale 20 set (24) of a4 size 75gsm paper. In a single day we do sale 5set (24) of a3 size 75 gsm paper In a single day 3 sketchbook a5 size worth 50 pages Major prints 200 a4 each day. In a single day 10 sheets size of a2 or imperial
Event Monsoon Fiesta. In Monsoon fiesta there are many activities where paper consumption is considerable such as poster war . Poster war where all 3 major design department students create posters on various themes. size of posters varies from a3 to a0 as well as combined posters on 8 to 12 a0 brown paper. Three department: Industrial design, Visual Communication and Gandhinagar Campus makes around 100 posters of size A0 on avarage each year. All the posters afterposter war goes in garbage most.
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PAPER Paper The word paper derives from the Greek term for the ancient Egyptian writing material called papyrus, which was formed from beaten strips of papyrus plants. Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon, printing upon or for packaging. It is produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets.
Paper Usage Paper is a versatile material with many uses. Whilst the most common is for writing and printing upon, it is also widely used as a packaging material, in many cleaning products, in a number of industrial and construction processes, and occasionally as a food ingredient, particularly in Asian cultures.
Process of making paper Chemical pulping Main articles: kraft process, sulfite process, and soda pulping The purpose of a chemical pulping process is to break down the chemical structure of lignin and render it soluble in the cooking liquor, so that it may be washed from the cellulose fibers. Because lignin holds the plant cells together, chemical pulping frees the fibres and makes pulp. The pulp can also be bleached to produce white paper for printing, painting and writing. Chemical pulps tend to cost more than mechanical pulps, largely due to the low yield, 40–50% of the original wood. Since the process preserves fibre length, however, chemical pulps tend to make stronger paper. Another advantage of chemical pulping is that the majority of the heat and electricity needed to run the process is produced by burning the lignin removed during pulping. Papers made from chemical wood-based pulps are also known as woodfree papers. The Kraft process is the most commonly practiced strategy for pulp manufacturing and produces especiallystrong, unbleached papers that can be used directly for bags and boxes but are often processed further, e.g. to make corrugated cardboard.
Mechanical pulping There are two major mechanical pulps, thermomechanical pulp (TMP) and mechanical pulp. The latter is known in the USA as groundwood pulp. In the TMP process, wood is chipped and then fed into large steam-heated refiners where the chips are squeezed and fibreized between two steel discs. In the groundwood process, debarked logs are fed into grinders where they are pressed against rotating stones and fibreized. Mechanical pulping does not remove the lignin, so the yield is very high, >95%, but also causes paper made from this pulp to yellow and become brittle over time. Mechanical pulps have rather short fibre lengths and produce weak paper. Although large amounts of electrical energy are required to produce mechanical pulp, it costs less than chemical pulp.
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RECYCLED PAPER Paper recycling processes can use either chemical or mechanical pulp. By mixing with water and applyingmechanical action the hydrogen bonds in the paper can be broken and fibres separated again. Most recycled paper contains a proportion of virgin fibre in the interests of quality.There are three main classifications of recycled fibre:. Mill Broke or Internal Mill Waste — this incorporates any substandard or grade-change paper made within the paper mill which then goes back into the manufacturing system to be repulped back into paper. Such out-of-specification paper is not sold and is therefore often not classified as genuine reclaimed recycled fibre. However, most paper mills have been recycling their own waste fibre for many years, long before recycling become popular.
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PAPER USERS Paper user profile in NID Heritage campus. NID heritage campus is known for its multidisciplinary environment there are around 8 disciplines having 700 students in different years as well as postgraduate and undergraduate program. Each discipline haves around 100 students learning at NID each year. Considering this huge number of student its becomes very vital to classify them according to their disciplines to study their consumption pattern. Even use of paper differs with the discipline where in Animation film design, Graphic design, Textile design student use maximum number of papers to execute their work on paper while disciplines like Strategic Design Management, Photograpy, Film & Video communication student have less consumption of paper.
Categorization of students on the basis of their discipline 1. Product Design 2. Furniture & Interior Design 3. Transportation & Automobile Design 4. Ceramic & Glass Design 5. Textile Design 6. Graphic Design 7. Animation Film Design 8. Film & Video Communication) Application of paper & use by NID students, Academics, Faculties, Projects, Events. In design school paper mainly use for to write, to draw or print on the piece of paper becomes the surface on which student draw scribble sketch to conceptualize and execute their initial stage of Ideas. The piece of paper becomes a document; this may be for keeping a record (or in the case of printing from a computer or copying from another paper, an additional record) and for communication; see also reading. Paper can be produced with a wide variety of properties, depending on its intended use.
To represent a value in Academics: Slips, Application forms, Prospectus, Registers, Files, Letters, Envelopes and other stationary to keep record of official things.
For storing information: Book, Notebook, Magazine, Newspaper, Art, Zine, Letter, Journals, Encyclopedias. for Personal use: diary, note to remind oneself, etc.; for temporary personal use: scratch paper for communication to someone else:
For Post by transportation of the paper from the place where it is written or printed to the place where it is read: delivered by sender, transported by a third party (e.g. in the case of mail), or taken by the receiver
Academic notices if sender and receiver are not there at the same time, in the case of a posted notice
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Posters if sender and receiver are both present, but use paper for illustration, or if communication by talking is not suitable: In a noisy environment
For packaging: corrugated box, paper bag, envelope, wrapping tissue, Charta emporetica and wallpaper For cleaning: toilet paper, handkerchiefs, paper towels, facial tissue and cat litter For construction: papier-mâchÊ, origami, paper planes, quilling, Paper honeycomb, used as a core material in composite materials, paper engineering, construction paper and clothing
Other uses emery paper, sandpaper, blotting paper, litmus paper, universal indicator paper, paper chromatography, electrical insulation paper (see also dielectrics and permittivity) and filter paper In festivals, events like Garba paper is used in huge amount of quantity in form of Passes, Invitation Cards, Posters, Banners. During Convocation , Admissions, Orientation program paper is used as communication media for many uses like prospectus, admission forms, manuals, Brochures and many other Information career,
Monsoon Fiesta. In Monsoon fiesta there are many activities where paper consumption is considerable such as poster war, poster for various events.
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ALTERNATIVES FOR PAPER Alternatives for Paper Drawing, Sketching, Scribble on Paper Softwares like Ex. Sketch up pro, Illustrator,Photoshop are there to draw digitally but they definitely have limitations of expression the way we can do on paper freely. All the official things can be available in form of Electronic media.
For storing information: Book, Notebook, Magazine, Newspaper, Art, Zine, Letter, Journals, Encyclopedias. All the official things are available in form of Electronic media. for Personal use: diary, note to remind oneself, etc.; for temporary personal use: scratch paper for communication to someone else Even Electronic media provide us all these fascilities People have started with blog,
For Post by transportation of the paper from the place where it is written or printed to the place where it is read: delivered by sender, transported by a third party (e.g. in the case of Many people have heard the statistic that “a ton of recycled paper saves 17 trees.” The “17 trees” number was popularized by Conservatree when it was a paper distributor, based on a report to Congress in the 1970s. It was calculated for newsprint, which is made in a totally different papermaking process from office and printing papers. But it was the best number anyone had, so it became the number everyone used to calculate number of trees saved by recycled paper, or number of trees cut to make virgin paper, no matter what type of paper they were talking about. Claudia Thompson, in her book Recycled Papers: The Essential Guide (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992), reports on an estimate calculated by Tom Soder, then a graduate student in the Pulp and Paper Technology Program at the University of Maine. He calculated that, based on a mixture of softwoods and hardwoods 40 feet tall and 6-8 inches in diameter, it would take a rough average of 24 trees to produce a ton of printing and writing paper, using the kraft
chemical (freesheet) pulping process. If we assume that the groundwood process is about twice as efficient in using trees, then we can estimate that it takes about 12 trees to make a ton of groundwood and newsprint. (The number will vary somewhat because there often is more fiber in newsprint than in office paper, and there are several different ways of making this type of paper.)
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TYPICAL CALCULATIONS SOME TYPICAL CALCULATIONS
1 ton of uncoated virgin (non-recycled) printing and office paper uses 24 trees 1 ton of 100% virgin (non-recycled) newsprint uses 12 trees A “pallet” of copier paper (20-lb. sheet weight, or 20#) contains 40 cartons and weighs 1 ton.Therefore, 1 carton (10 reams) of 100% virgin copier paper uses .6 trees 1 tree makes 16.67 reams of copy paper or 8,333.3 sheets 1 ream (500 sheets) uses 6% of a tree (and those add up quickly!) 1 ton of coated, higher-end virgin magazine paper (used for magazines like National Geographic and many others) uses a little more than 15 trees (15.36) 1 ton of coated, lower-end virgin magazine paper (used for newsmagazines and most catalogs) uses nearly 8 trees (7.68)
How do you calculate how many trees are saved by using recycled paper? (1) Multiply the number of trees needed to make a ton of the kind of paper you’re talking about (groundwood or freesheet), then
(2) multiply by the percent recycled content in the paper. For example, 1 ton (40 cartons) of 30% postconsumer content copier paper saves 7.2 trees 1 ton of 50% postconsumer content copier paper saves 12 trees.
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GROUNDED THEORY one 30 feet grown tree produce around 8,300 a4 size copier paper sheets.
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GROUNDED THEORY the “subjective reality” of an paper consumption in NID is that each month around 400 gram of paper is consumed by each student.
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Data collection NID Ahmedabad
700 students
110-120
A4, A3
80,000-90,000
DEPARTMENT
SURVEY STUDENTS
PAPER USED
SIZE
TOTAL PAPER USED
Visual Communication
35/360 + Dip students
90-100
A4, A3, A5
33,000 - 36,000
Graphic Design
12/110 + Dip students
100-120
A4, A5
11,000 - 13,000
Animation & Film Design
10/110 + Dip students
150-200
A3, A4, A5
17,000 - 22,000
Film & Video Communication
8/100 + Dip students
30-40
A4
3,000 - 4,000
Exhibition & Display Design
5/40 + Dip students
90-100
A4,A3,A2
3,600- 4,000
Industrial Design
32/240 + Dip students
125-130
A4, A3
31,000 - 32,000
Product Design
10/110 + Dip students
100
A4, A5
11,000 - 12,000
Furniture & Interior Design
9/70 + Dip students
150-160
A3, A4, A5
16,000 - 17,000
Automobile & Transportation
6/20 + Dip students
180-200
A4, A3, A2
3,600 - 4,000
Ceramic & Glass Design
7/20 + Dip students
60-80
A4, A3, A2
1,200- 1,600
Other Design Disciplines
13/125 + Dip students
125-130
A4, A3
14,000 - 18,500
Textile Design
10/110 + Dip students
125-150
A4, A5,A3,A2
13,000 - 17,000
Photography Design
3/15 + Dip students
30-50
A3, A4, A5
450 - 7,00
WASTED 45,000
SHEETS/MONTH
NID Ahmedabad
700 students
80,000-90,000
40,000 - 50,000
Visual Communication
35/360 + Dip students
33,000 - 36,000
17,000 - 19 ,000
Industrial Design
32/270 + Dip students
31,000 - 32,000
15,000 - 17,000
Other Design Disciplines
13/125 + Dip students
14,000 - 18,500
5,000 - 8,500
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CONCLUSION Paper is fundamental part of life at NID and its existence is taken for granted. Each year around 700 students in NID consumes around 90,000 sheets of various sizes . In NID paper is majorly used for prototyping, drawing , documenting. Around 45,000 sheets paper goes into dustbin each month. Most of the paper used by student come from stores near NID and its virgin paper. There is a absence of strong substantial system which will bring this waste in a proper reuse. I will like to prupose a system which will enable the possiility of the reusing the waste as well as using wood free paper.
NID should consider forming up alliance with nearest paper recycling unit which can manufacture woodfree paper for the Institute as well as recycle waste paper. It will open many possibilities of saving paper as well as reusing the waste paper. NID heritage campus is know as green campus and its tie up with paper recycling unit will give other institues a inspiration doing a same thing. By tieing up with paper recycling unit demand of 90,000 sheets/month can be fullfilled by recycled paper as well as wood free paper. That results into a huge step in saving rainforests. NID student demands of 90,000sheets /month requires 12 trees but if NID start using wood free paper they can save around 120 trees a year.
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current scenario
after tie up
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35,000 sheets/month visual communication 30,000 sheets/month INDUSTRIAL DESIGN 12,000 sheets/month TEXTILE DESIGN 90,000 sheets/month NID HERITAGE CAMPUS 9,00,000 sheets/year NID HERITAGE CAMPUS STUDENTS
ABHAY SALVE