Outdoor seating system for educational institute by Abhishek thurwal meena

GRADUATION PROJECT OUTDOOR SEATING SYSTEM FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE Sponsor : Baakas design, Ahmedabad

Volume : 1 Of 1 STUDENT : ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA PROGRAMME : Bachelor of Design (B. Des)

GUIDE : PROF. PRAVEEN NAHAR

2016 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN FACULTY (FURNITURE AND INTERIOR DESIGN)

National Institute of Design Ahmedabad

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

The Evaluation Jury recommends ABHISHEK MEENA for the Graduation of the National Institute of Design

IN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN (FURNITURE AND INTERIOR DESIGN)

Herewith, for the project titled “OUTDOOR SEATING SYSTEM FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE” on fulfilling the further requirements by

Chairman Members :

*Subsequent remarks regarding fulfilling the requirements :

Activity Chairperson, Education

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

CopyrightÂŠ 2016 Student document publication, meant for private circulation only. All rights reserved. Graduate Diploma Programme in Design Furniture and interior design, 2010 - 2016 National institute of Design, Ahmedabad, India. No part of this document will be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronically or mechanically, including photocopying, xerography, photography and videography recording without written permission from the publisher, Abhishek Meena and National Institute of Design. All illustrations and photographs in this document are Copyright ÂŠ2016 by respective people/organizations. Edited and designed byName: Abhishek Meena E-mail: quirkyabhish@gmail.com abhishek.m@nid.edu Project Head: Rana hameensinh Graduation Project Guide: Praveen Nahar Processed at National Institute of Design (NID) Paldi, Ahmedabad - 380007 Gujarat. India www.nid.edu Printed digitally in Ahmedabad, India. November, 2016

Originality Statement I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and it contains no full or substantial copy of previously published material, or it does not even contain substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or ﬁnal graduation of any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in this graduation project. Moreover I also declare that none of the concepts are borrowed or copied without due acknowledgement. I further declare that the intellectual content of this graduation project is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project’s design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged. This graduation project (or part of it) was not and will not be submitted as assessed work in any other academic course. Student Name in Full: Signature: Date:

Copyright Statement I hereby grant the National Institute of Design the right to archive and to make available my graduation project/thesis/dissertation in whole or in part in the Institute’s Knowledge Management Centre in all forms of media, now or hereafter known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act. I have either used no substantial portions of copyright material in my document or I have obtained permission to use copyright material. Student Name in Full: Signature: Date:

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

PREFACE The end of the student’s academic tenure at the National Institute of Design is marked by the culmination of a substantial investigation in the field of design on a topic closely allied to their discipline of study. It is through the graduation project and subsequent documentation of the same that this investigation takes place. This is the final academic project for the student. A jury comprising faculty members evaluates the student’s performance in the graduation project, after which, students are awarded NID’s Bachleor of Design degree. The graduation project is an opportunity for students to demonstrate their expertise as independent practitioners of design. This project is to be done with academic rigour incorporating systematic inquiry and informed design decisions. The Graduation Project reflects the thought leadership manifested through creativity and innovation. The project leads to new knowledge creation and aligns with the broader objectives of the institute. The graduation project reflects the student’s ability to : • Apply his learning to current practices in

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

the process of creating new forms of products, processes, services, and systems. • Analyse and refine his/her ideas in an iterative manner on the basis of critique. • Evaluate/reflect upon the creative processes he has followed. While the last point represents a higher order of inquiry usually expected in research, its significance in design cannot be understated if the designer is also to be viewed as a ‘reflective practitioner’. The graduation project reflects the student’s competence to excel in their chosen profession. This project orients the student to the needs and demands of the industry. It also helps students to make an informed decision about which career path they would like to follow upon graduation.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to everyone who supported me throughout the course of my graduation project. I am thankful for their aspiring guidance, invaluably constructive criticism and friendy advice during the project work. I am sincerely grateful to them for sharing their truthful and illuminating views on a number of issues related to the project. I am extremely thankful to my sponsers Baakas design, for their kind co-operation and encouragement which helped me in completion of this project. I would also like to take this opportunity to thank my faculty and project guide Praveen nahar fron National Institute of Design, Paldi for his guidance and constant supervision. I also thank all my friends and colleagues from NID and Baakas design for all their support and

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

motivation. Last but not the least, I would like to thank my family for supporting me throughout the course of my tenure at NID.

TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT NID ABOUT FID ABOUT THE SPONSOR SYNOPSIS INITIAL PROJECT BRIEF PROEJCT TIMELINE INTRODUCTION KNOWING PLACE KNOWING PEOPLE SWOT BRIEF SETTING MARKET OFFERINGS

01 03 05 07 09 11 13 21 33 37 39 41

MATERIAL MOLD MAKING MATERIAL EXPLORATION FORM EXPLORATION MOODBOARD CONCEPT SKETCHING ERGONOMICS 3DMODELLING(CONCEPT REFINEMENT) FINAL CONCEPT CONCLUSION RETROSPECTIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

53 57 61 71 73 75 77 79 85 111 112 113

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ABOUT NID National Institute of Design is an internationally acclaimed multidisciplinary school imparting design education and research. Recognized by the department of Science and Industrial Research (DSIR) under the Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India, NID works as an autonomous body under the deparment of Industrial Policy & Promotion, Ministry of Commerce & industry, Government of India. In 2014, the Gover ment of India passed a bill declaring NID as the Institute of National Importance, allowing it to offer professional degree courses. This autonomous Institution for research, service and training in Industrial Design and Visual Communication, aims to provide a multidisciplinary approach to design and resolve the complex problems in India’s rapidly changing environment. With an openness of its educational culture and environment, NID is known for its value based approach of problem solving. The institute offers its students, 17 diverse design domains under 5 faculty streams. It also has established exchange programmes and ongoing pedagogic relationships with over 38 overseas institutions, providing the students from different faculties and domains, a platform to interact with each other in a seamless manner. NID has been a pioneer in industrial design after Bauhaus and is known for its pursuit of design excellence to make ‘Designed in India, Made for the world’ a reality.

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

FURNITURE AND INTERIOR DESIGN Furniture impacts our immediate living environment breathing life and function into empty spaces. Objects around us become extensions of our bodies and directly affect the quality of life. Through sensitive design, furniture can cater to a variety of human needs such as those of the elderly, children, and the differently abled. The Furniture and Interior Design Course is a specialized programme under the Department of Industrial Design. The focus is on learning by doing, with a strong hands-on approach. Students gain a thorough understanding of form, structure, context and material by building workable prototypes in the workshops and labs. A combination of courses, projects and field visits ensures exposure to both the craft sector and mass manufacture. The subjects of waste material, ergonomics, modularity, anthropometry, traditional techniques, lifestyle, manufacturing, and customization are concerns of the furniture designer. Furniture is a large component of spaces, and a good knowledge of furniture helps design space elements.

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

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ABOUT THE SPONSOR

Founder Rana Swarajsinh Communication Designer An Alumni of MSU, Vadodara. After completing the graduation in Faculty Of Fine Arts, 2002, worked with various institutions, in capacity as; Design Associate at National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad, Senior Designer at GEER Foundation Gandhinagar, Principal Designer at Lemon Design, Pune.

CoFounder Rana Hameersinh Furniture, Product and Space Designer An Alumni of Symbosis Institute of Design, Pune, Product Design and National Institute of Design, [NID] Ahmedabad, Furniture & Space Design.

Key project involvement as a Design consultancy ; • Communication System Design for Ministry of Textile, Tamilnadu. • Exhibition Design, RBI • Museum Design [Proposed], RBI • Museum Design, Dandi Kutir, Gandhinagar • Communication Design, NOTA Symbol, Election Commission of India 5

Baåkas is a multidisciplinary design company, based in Ahmedabad. The company works widely in the areas of branding & communication design, space design, and in design advisory

VISION We believes in, and driven by ‘design thinking’. Apart from solely either aesthetic or functionality, we take it is as holistic approach. Our primary objective is to provide purposeful meaning along with an activity that translates an idea into something useful, human centric and sustainable.

Combining collective exposure and knowledge of the team, with its body members spread across Mumbai, Pune, Delhi, Jaipur, Bangalore and its partner consultants, we enjoys being in focus on an effective design-led solution of products or services to meet the particular need.

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Seating system for gift city. Pentago : Asian paint colot next expo 2016 trend forecasting official selection

OTLO is a brain child of Baakas Design, mainly deals in outdoor products, as a product, furniture & accessory brand. Gives an complete solution from designing to development. Keeping concrete is a main material, along with wood, metal and stone, OTLOâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s range of products caters to both individuals as well as mass requirements.

Canteen furniture for educational institutes

Concrete jungle : modular system for landscape , can be configured according the space

Bamboo circles : seating system around bamboo plantation , Gift city (in progress) ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

SYNOPSIS In recent times, the value of open spaces in institutional campuses has increased. With people realising the kind of impact it can make on mental and social health of the individuals, it is clear that open areas have high importance in their life. To balance the insanity of urban chaos and pollution filled life around, a breath of fresh air can make a noticeable difference. This project is an indirect approach to motivate and encourage people to use open areas in institutional campus to spend time in greenery which enhances their campus experience, refreshes their mind and enables them to perform their daily routine with a sound wit. With busy routine throughout the day and technological mobility around them, student often skips the need to interact with nature or socialising with other people. The focus of this project is to understand studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; activities in various spaces around the MSU campus, their requirements and how to enhance their experience in those spaces. The research approach adopted in this project was divided mainly into two phases. The first phase of the research is about knowing the context of the MSU as a campus, understanding the space around and its usage. The research gives

an idea of traffic flow, usage of spaces, duration of usage, activities carried out in these spaces, etc. Accordingly, second phase of research is focused on understanding peoplesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; context of these spaces, their views, expectations from them. Our findings reveal that students want to use and interact with open and social spaces more often but with lack of sitting systems or attractiveness, it is demoted. Based on the research, a need of design intervention in sitting system to add quality, value to open and social spaces, their usability and user experience is identified. It includes introducing concrete furniture system around the campus for people according to their usage in those spaces. The design output should provide a solution in present context along with direction to work upon for future range of products for educational institutes.

INITIAL PROJECT BRIEF DEVELOPING AND DESIGNING OUTDOOR CONCRETE FURNITURE AND PRODUCTS FOR MSU, BARODA. The design brief given by Baakas design dealt with developing and designing outdoor concrete furniture and products for MSU, Baroda taking in mind rich architectural history and student culture. The intial brief was to use MSU baroda as case study to observe student culture and behaviour and take design direction accordingly. The designing of products would be based on : • Study of the Company’s existing product offering • A market study of outdoor concrete furniture and products and current trends • Understanding space and ergonomics of the target user

PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT This main aim of the project was to design products while studying the space itself, target users, how they interact, behave, their various activities and requirements. Understanding real possibilities and limitations in product design, detailing and manufacturing process.

PROJECT SCOPE The scope of this project is to understand the possibility of enhancing campus experience of the people in MSU and improve the experience according to existing environment requirements. This would be explored with the possibilities of outdoor products systems. In MSU, the aim would be to identify intervention possibilities to enhance daily routine in campus around. The design solutions would be relevant to Baakas design products (OTLO) and business. The tentative outcome would be design solutions that would depend on the field study and literature research.

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

PROJECT TIMELINE Work/week

1-3

Research and Analysis Ideation and Conceptualization Development of the final Concept Prototype Documentation

The timeline of this project was estimated with minimum duration required for specific module. It reamined flexible throughout the project in accordance to the extra days taken for different modules. The project was sorted in four basic Process, i.e: research and analysis, ideation and conceptualization, refining anf finalizing concepts and prototyping and material exploration. The project time varied from the expected timeframe due to various nonvariable factors.

4-7

8-11

12-16

20-21

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

“A WELL-DESIGNED CAMPUS IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF STUDENTS, ONE EQUAL IN IMPORTANCE TO THE STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC SUBJECTS AND CONNECTED TO HIGHER EDUCATION’S MISSION” (Schuyler, 1996-1997)

INTRODUCTION NATURAL OPEN SPACE AND THEIR INFLUENCE

Natural environments always have been linked to improved information recall, creative problem-solving and creative thinking in students. Outdoor experiences produce positive physiological and psychological responses, including reduced stress and a general feeling of well-being. These factors affect daily life of students on daily basis. Incorporating outdoor learning features into education facilities provides a positive influence on those who view and use these spaces. Such spaces create an identity that communicates to the surrounding community that the institution is committed to being environmentally responsible. With limitless opportunities to learn and explore, the outdoors can provide many unique, memorable experiences.

“FURTHERMORE, INCREASED TECHNOLOGY USE WITHIN TODAY’S MULTITASKING SOCIETY IS LIKELY TO HIJACK A STUDENT’S ATTENTIONAL RESOURCE PLACING HER/HIM AT RISK OF UNDERACHIEVING ACADEMIC LEARNING GOALS AND UNDERMINING SUCCESS AT A UNIVERSITY” (Fried, 2008; Tennessen, & Cimprich, 1995; Wentworth & Middleton, 2014).

Successful meshing of these two notions can occur by adopting a whole-systems approach to campus design – one that requires communication and collaboration among academic, administrative and facilities planning stakeholders. Such an approach also goes beyond advertising the aesthetic value of the campus open spaces for student recruitment purposes to recognizing the entire campus landscape as a learning space and advertising its educational value – that is emphasizes something deeper than what meets the eye. Natural surroundings in a campus should be regarded as important as other academic spaces.

Recognizing college campus natural areas as important learning spaces can harness the holistic potential of college campuses as attentional resources.

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

CAMPUSES AROUND THE WORLD

Every campus around the world knows the importance of open areas , they encourage people to use them by introducing seating spaces or creative setups around. Nowadays, most of the campus contains area where people can sit, relax and talk. Following are some interesting examples of such spaces.

INNOVATIVE SOLUTION BY ESCOFET FOR OPEN SPACES

OUTDOOR SPACE FOR STUDENTS IN TURENSCAPE DESIGN INSTITUTE

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IIM, AHMEDABAD HAVE GREEN PLAINS AS NATURAL OUTER SPACE

GREEN AREA IN UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HAVE OPEN AREAS AS ITS IDENTITY.

OPEN SPACE FURNITURE IN HIGH SCHOOL IN ZOETERMEER, NETHERLANDS

EMORY UNIVERSITY HAS CREATIVE OUTDOOR SPACES

LANDSCAPE FURNITURE IN UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE CONTEMPORARY ARTS CENTER

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

MSU CAMPUS ABOUT

INDIA’S INTERNATIONALLY RENOWNED THE MAHARAJA SAYAJIRAO UNIVERSITY OF BARODA (1949) HAS BLOSSOMED FROM THE BARODA COLLEGE (1881) WHICH IS ONE OF THE OLDEST CENTRES OF LEARNING IN WESTERN INDIA.

Gaekwad III, the former ruler of Baroda State belonging the royal Gaekwad dynasty of the Marathas. It has been consistently ranked one of the best universities of India, University is primarily known for its ‘Faculty Of Sciences’ and ‘Faculty Of Technology and Engineering’ which are recognized as one of the renowned Science and Tech Departments in India and globally.

It became a university in 1949 after the independence of the country. It was later renamed after its benefactor Maharaja Sayajirao

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

THE UNIVERSITY HAS ITS ORIGINS IN THE BARODA COLLEGE ESTABLISHED IN 1881 BY BARODA STATE. The main building which houses the Faculty of Arts was designed by Robert Fellowes Chisholm (1840–1915) in Indo-Saracenic architecture style, in a fusion of Indian and Byzantine arches and domes in brick and polychromed stone. The main dome on the convocation hall was modeled after the great dome of the Gol Gumbaz in Bijapur. Pratap Singh Gaekwad of Baroda (1908–1968)

HISTORY

(the last Maharaja of the erstwhile Baroda State) founded the university in 1949 on the wishes of his grandfather, Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III (1863–1939), and settled the "Sir Sayajirao Diamond Jubilee and Memorial Trust" which exists to date, catering to the education and other needs of the people of the former Baroda State. It has its origins in the Baroda College of Science established in 1881.

INFRASTRUCTURE

HAVING 275 ACRES OF LAND, IT COMPRISES OF 14 FACULTIES HAVING 90 DEPARTMENTS, 3 CONSTITUENT COLLEGES & SEVERAL SPECIALIZED CENTRES AND INSTITUTES OFFERING WIDE SPECTRUM OF COURSES FROM KINDERGARTEN TO PH.D. It is the state University with English as its medium of instruction, having 13 Faculties, 3 Constituent Colleges, 2 Institutions and 8 Centers of Specialized Studies, wherein more than 37,295 students pursue higher studies, under the care and supervision of 1112 teaching (662 Permanent) and 1190 permanent supporting staff members. It houses 89 departments spread over 6 campuses (2 rural and 4 urban) covering 275 acres of land

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

including a built up area of 418500 sq. mt. There are 16 hostels (12 Boys & 4 Girls) which accommodates about 4103 students. There are 475 residential quarters too for teaching and non-teaching staff. Smt. Hansa Mehta Library is the Central Library. In addition to 14 constituent libraries and over 25 departmental libraries with over 8 Lakh books/periodicals and above 1300 dissertations/thesis, 25 computers and 75 nodes are exclusively marked for surfing. It has a single largest reading room within its 80,025 sq. ft. built up area, which can accommodate about 1100 readers at a time and the library is open to readers 14 hours a day

KNOWING PLACE The first field visit to MSU was aimed towards observing people, their activities, and their daily routine along with the people density around the campus. The observation were based on photographic and audio documentation. After knowing the traffic flow and density, 8 specific target areas with other important halting points were identified and studied in detail. The target areas were locked on the fact that it measure that it covers all possible setting and activities and needs around the campus.

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE BUILDING TYPE

WEATHER

Old heritage architecture of MSU. New building alongside.

Outside big tree provide shade, Between buildings and canteen area also have shades via trees. Natural protection from rain, semi efficient, mainly hot surroundings on a hot day.

NEARBY SPOTS In between both architecture buildings, outside architecture old building, Big banyan tree, architecture canteen

INTERACTION TYPE Casual, mostly students, sitting, working.

OBSERVATION • One of the midway points to stop as a location. • The shade under the tree provides halting point for pedestrian, and provides sitting area for guards and other workers together • Shade also provides opportunity to watch match if played from under the tree.

ACTIVITIES Canteen – Eating, talking Big tree – Waiting , leisure, Cricket match, parking Between two buildings – Big sitting area , leisure , talking

FACULTY OF ARTS BUILDING TYPE One of the main attraction and heritage values of MSU. Old heritage architecture with beautiful and amazingly big domes.

NEARBY SPOTS Two courtyards of the building, Area in front of the building (Parking space), garden in front, stairs along the courtyard, temple.

shade, mainly cool temperature, temple have shade and trees, front of the building no shade in small tree in parking space of faculties, garden I open garden no shades, stairs have shade of arts building.

INTERACTION TYPE multi disciplinary , casual, friends , after class rush, leisure time(timepass).

WEATHER Courtyards have tree and building

OBSERVATION

ACTIVITIES Courtyards – sitting , leisure , talking Temple – sitting, talking Front of the building – pre and post class interactions Garden – till now no particular and interesting use Stairs – group sitting , inter discipline meeting points ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

• There is no shade in gardens hence no in uses that area •People use small tree as shade in day time in parking area •The courtyard and stairs are the most use area for sitting and leisure activities • People sit in groups or individually to talk, mid class break, people waiting for others •Temple just behind the art faculty , have cement pavements to sit , 5 people at most sit there.

BRIDGE (TRIBUTARY) SPACE TYPE

WEATHER

One of the very important location in MSU, Small bridge on river Vishvamitra

No shade , mostly tree area , cold area due to green around

NEARBY SPOTS Near fine arts, cement base under the bridge provides base for sitting system

INTERACTION TYPE Casual , open to everyone

OBSERVATION • Could be a main area of the campus • space to develop under the bridge and around it • Fine arts department area have open space around the river to look upon •people can use it for various activities, pedetrians and other peoplecan use it as halting point.

ACTIVITIES NIL , proposed (sitting ) , leisure

CANTEEN (ARTS) SPACE TYPE

WEATHER

Common area , open space outside the canteen, very crowded, whole day use

Under the tree its shady but hot due to open area , people seek shade when using this area.

NEARBY SPOTS

INTERACTION TYPE

Outside the canteen tree , under side building

Casual , multidiscipline people , group talking , eating .

OBSERVATION

ACTIVITIES

• People use it for eating and passing time • lot of people whole day sit and talk and interact , very happening area • people sit on the pavements under the tree , under the buildings around • inside the canteen there is no enough space • outside thee canteen also very few furniture compared to the amount of students.

Inside canteen – eating , talking Outside canteen – eating , leisure , talking , multi disciplinary interactions Under the building – standing talking and eating

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

CRICKET GROUND SPACE TYPE

WEATHER

Open space, have two porta cabin pavilions (only for official matches )

Open area, no shade , hot and only hade is of big banyan tree

NEARBY SPOTS

INTERACTION TYPE

Big banyan tree area (common architecture building (old))

Player interaction with each other.

OBSERVATION • Cricket ground , important place for players • No sitting arrangements for everyday practice matches • No space for keeping their kits and other stuff

ACTIVITIES When playing – sitting on ground for watching matches (players) Watching match – (spectator)

GARDEN AREA SPACE TYPE

WEATHER

Open space for everyone.

Lot of trees around , shady place , grass on the surface , comparily cold.

NEARBY SPOTS Cement benches and swings

INTERACTION TYPE Casual, persnol

OBSERVATION • Open green area in front of H.S. Mehta library • Visitors , student , staaf use this space to relax , rest , group chats and more • Very casual area for all, no sitting arrangements so far, • Can be a amazing chilling space

ACTIVITIES Leisure for everyone , groups talking

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

SCIENCE DEPAERTMENT SPACE TYPE

WEATHER

In front of all the science department buildings , gardens , pavements, new buildings

Hot place , building shades, trees in garden for shades somewhere

NEARBY SPOTS Science canteen , all the garden spaces with shades

INTERACTION TYPE Casual , short , leisure time , after class

OBSERVATION • The whole science department is like a street , gardens on the side of road in front of buildings • Students sit in gardens or cement pavements. • Even outside their canteen people sit in stair of the canteen and same with every building in science

ACTIVITIES After class interaction, leisure

NESCAFES SPACE TYPE

WEATHER

Coffee shop , near cnateens

Open space no shade or sitting space, hot

NEARBY SPOTS Canteens and othe public areas

INTERACTION TYPE Casual , talk over coffee or chai

OBSERVATION

ACTIVITIES

• Nescafe booths are there in MSU campus at multiple spaces •not much rush due to diversion towards the canteens • Still people keep using the services and sit on some stone or pavements around •no arrangements for customers around

• Eating , talking over coffee

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

SEMIPRIVATE SPOTS SPACETYPE

WEATHER

Various places in campus , unspoken meeting points, not official , user oriented .

Shady ( the main reason forusing these places )

NEARBY SPOTS Buildings , shady windows , facades etc.

INTERACTION TYPE Casual, mostly students

OBSERVATION

ACTIVITIES sitting and talking , short duration , waiting space

• These multiple spots are decided by students nly for their convenience, not official • Just for waiting for small period, • On the way rest • These space can be developed just for individually according to uses .

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

KNOWING PEOPLE From the first visit after knowing the place and identifying certain possibilities for studied areas, second visit was mostly focused on interacting with differnt types of people to know their view about their campus and its open areas. A questionnaire was framed on the basis of first impressions. A series of indirect questions for students to get their insight on their activities, interests and requirements. A stay of 3 days in MSU baroda hostel was arranged to cover maximum possible types of people from different department students to day scholars to hostel accomadated students. Talking session with faculties of MSU baroda were arranged through appointments to get their perspective also on open areas and their use for students.

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

After talking to people and getting their views about the open areas, all the relative answers were identifed. As we used a indirect approach in questionnare, further insights were framed via group discussions for broader perspective. After framing the insights of students, a SWOT analysis of the insights was done to identify possible opputinities for open areas.

STRENGTH • Students value nature around the campus. • MSU have a high reputation with quality values and heritage. • Positive and friendly enviornment for students. • Ambience , aura, warmth of surroundigs. • Heritage element • Diversity in students allow to meet new people often. • Students are united and help each other.

OPPORTUNITIES • No direction or motivation for using public social spaces. • 96% of the students asked likes greenery and nature around • Other than class student like to spend their time in canteen or open green areas. • Students use garden for interacting with people, relaxing , sketching doodling, timepass, etc. • Students easy to interact , discussions happen often with new people. • Students spend majority of their day in clases. • Students are hardworking and need to spend more time in open and green areas to relax and recharge. • Students from creative field also need to interact with nature to keep their creative juice flowing and have a focused mind. • Students demand of modern furniture and seating spaces in open areas.

WEAKNESS • Crowded places due to undistributed traffic. • Some students walk to hostel in spare time because of no proper sitting space in open areas. • Gardens not attractive enough. • Road quality and edges. • Bridge size is too small for the purpose •No place to sit in csfetarias • Quality of landscape • Quality of trees and plants • Less use of shaded areas. • No maintainence of Vishwamitri tributary in campus. • Less siitting spots for pedestrians.

THREATS • Students are too casual about usage of open areas in present. • Unused open spaces are not taken care of. • Dirty spaces discourages people to use open spaces. • Improper planning of open spaces around Vishwamitri tributary may harm crocodile nesting. • Some foul characters can create nuisence to institute property.

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

BRIEF SETTING RESEARCH OUTPUT The daily activities and need of MSU students suggest more use of open spaces then current situation. Students need and want to interact with natural surroundings as well as with other people more often while performing their daily routine ex. While eating (canteeens and cafes), recreational activities (garden), etc.

Right type of solutions can improve the quality of the open areas • Makes open areas more attractive visually while increasing the usability of open spaces. • Motivating people to use open areas for refreshing their minds. • It also enhances seating management around the campus by distributing traffic to different places. • It helps maintaining the open spaces quality by creating a sense of belonging in students.

Proposal – A range of concrete sitting system consisting • Seat and benches • Table • Planters • Sit stand • Tree surrounds • Bollards

Design direction • Modular- to ease transportation and setup • Multipurpose – single unit can be used as part of product or enhancement • Simple – basic smart function based solution • Anti vandalism – should depromote vandalism against public property • Less weight possible – products with material saving • Mass production – mould should be easy to manufacture, production should be smooth. • • Element of architecture – elements of msu architecture for visual enhancement

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

MARKET OFFERINGS • ESCOFET • MAGO:URBAN • BELLITALIA • URBASTYLE • KK INDIAN PVT. LTD.

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

ESCOFET Escofet is a Barcelona-based industry that designs and manufactures quality, high-class products in architectural concrete and cast stone. Escofet made its debut more than 125 years ago with exquisite terrazzo tiles designed by celebrated Catalan architects and artists, most notably Antoni Gaudi. Since then the Barcelona-based company has left an indelible

mark on the architecture and urban landscape of the city now recognized as a world design capital. Escofet cast concrete architectural and streetscape elements are signature features of Barcelonaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s urban aesthetic and its contribution to the visual vitality of the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s re-urbanized zones has earned it the National Design Prize of Spain.

Image coutsey - www.escofet.com

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

MAGO : URBAN The company MAGO was founded in 1948 as a manufacturer of rubber products for machinery and the automotive sector. The entrepreneurial spirit of it founders led to the creation in 1972 of a concrete products range of urban items and accessories for the garden. From the 90 manufacturing street furniture in architectural concrete it became the main activity and renamed.

The production centre is in Vilanova i la GeltrĂş (Barcelona), occupying an area of 20,000 m2 including production, mechanical and mould workshops, exterior warehouses and offices. A professional team are dedicated manufactures high quality products, using environmentally friendly processes and adapted to the clientsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; needs. We export more than 70% of our production.

Image coutsey - www.magourban.com

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

BELLITALIA ww Bellitalia is one of the leading European companies in natural stone production, renowned for its street furniture and landscaping solutions which, for over 40 years now, have differentiated the company for high quality, innovation and novel, modern design. Bellitalia manufactures and markets hundreds of products defined by unique Italian style and aesthetics: functional items which fit perfectly in every architectural space, as well as precious and sophisticated products made in

combinations with different materials. Bellitaliaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s success is due to its ambition to transform simple items of street furniture into stylish products designed to be functional but at the same time to make the city beautiful. The street furniture sector requires not only an offer of products original and at the same time durable but also this sector needs innovative skills, ground-breaking technologies and a know-how that can respond to a mutable and exigent demand.

Image coutsey - www.bellitalia.net

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

URBASTYLE Urbastyle is a long family story. It is Etienne Laroy, who first made his carreer in concrete industry then founded in 1985 URBADAL in Aalter, near Gent. The company was manufacturing at that times slabs, colombariums and street furniture with washed stones. URBASTYLE specializes in producing street

furniture in architectural concrete. In addition to the extensive range of standard benches, seats, bollards and planters, Urba-Style can customize them which give them egse over industry competition.

Image coutsey - www.urbastyle.com

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

K.K. MANHOLE AND GRATING CO. PVT. LTD. KK Manhole & Gratings Co. Pvt. Ltd. is one of Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leading manufacturer of precast concrete products. We also make certain plastic products used in construction such as plastic spacers, plastic letter boxes, manhole footrests, bird spikes, etc. Our precast concrete product range spans outdoor furniture, flooring, storm

water drainage, sewage drainage, security barriers, etc. These products find application in road construction, commercial and residential construction, railway platforms, and telecommunications and are specially designed for the Indian market.

Image coutsey - www.kkindia.com

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

MATERIAL - CONCRETE ADVANTAGES OF CONCRETE As we are dealing with products based on concrete, a material understanding is required to understand the properties and attributes of it.

Concrete is a mixture of : Cement reacts and harden chemically with the addition of water. Cement contains limestone, clay , cement rock and iron ore blended and heated to 1200 to 1500 C°. The resulting product “clinker” is then ground to the consistency of powder. Gypsum is added to control setting time.

Fine aggregates - Normally called sand, this component can be natural sand or crushed stone, and represents particles smaller than 3/8”. Generally accounts for 30%-35% of the mixture.

Coarse aggregates - May be either gravel or crushed stone. Makes up 40%-45% of the mixture, comprised of particles greater than 1/4”.

CEMENT, WATER, SAND, AND COARSE AGGREGATE ARE PROPORTIONED AND MIXED TO PRODUCE CONCRETE SUITED TO THE PARTICULAR JOB FOR WHICH IT IS INTENDED.

• Concrete has many environmental advantages, including durability, longevity, heat storage capability, and chemical inertness. • Ability to be Cast • Fire resistant • On-site fabrication • Aesthetic properties. • The raw materials used in cement production are widely available in great quantities. • Needs little or no finish or final treatments. • Chemically inert concrete doesn't require paint to achieve a given colour; natural -mineral pigments and colouring agents can be added at the mixing to provide a rainbow of options. • Low maintenance. • Can be reused or recycled. • Concrete can be reused with bituminous asphalt as road base materials, can be recycled and reused by crushing into aggregates for new concrete or as fill material for road beds or site works.

LIMITATIONS OF CONCRETE • Low tensile strength • Low ductility • Volume instability • Low strength-to-weight ratio

MATERIALS ADDED TO ALTER THE PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE INCLUDING:

• Air entrainment - Air entraining admixtures add microscopic air bubbles to the concrete, enhancing its resistance to freeze/thaw cycles and makes the concrete easier to finish.

• Set accelerators - Set accelerators speed the set-time of the mixture, enabling finishing operations to begin sooner, useful during cold weather pours.

• Set retarders - Set retarders have the opposite effect, slowing the set and enabling delivery to distant sites and finishing during hot weather.

• Water reducers - Water reducers are used to reduce the amount of water required to produce a given slump. They also provide a ball bearing effect, making the concrete easier to finish, and produce better cement hydration. By reducing the amount of water required, cement amounts can be reduced because concrete strength is directly related to the water/cement ratio.

• Synthetic Fibres - These are thin polypropylene fibres used as secondary reinforcement. They help control shrinkage cracking and provide some impact resistance.

• Mineral admixtures - Mineral admixtures include fly ash, hydrated lime, silica fume and ground blast furnace slag. Many of these materials have cement-like properties, augmenting the strength and density of the finished concrete. They generally improve the workability, density and long-term strength of concrete, at the expense of set time and early strengths.

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

FACTORS AFFECTING WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE :

Water content of the mix - The most important factor - Increasing water increase the ease of flows and compaction, reduce strength and durability which may lead to segregation and bleeding. - Mixing water is divided into three parts 1- adsorbed on the particle surfaces 2- filled the spaces between the particles. 3- lubricates the particles by separating them with a film of water finer particles require more water. Aggregate properties There are two important factors here 1- amount of aggregates. 2- the relative proportions of fine to coarse aggregates. - increase of aggregate/cement ratio decreases workability - more cement is needed when finer aggregate grading are used. - Harsh concrete: deficiency in fine aggregate resulting in lack of the desired consistency resulting in segregation. - Shape and texture of aggregate particles. - Nearly spherical particles give more workable concrete. Spherical particles give lower surface â&#x20AC;&#x201C; to â&#x20AC;&#x201C;volume ratio, less mortar to coat the particles, leaving more water to enhance workability. - The porosity of the aggregates can absorb a great deal of water and less will be available to provide workability.

Time and temperature. Considerable evidence that temperature increase will decrease workability as higher temperatures will increase both the evaporation rate and hydration rate. Very warm weather will require more water to maintain the same workability. Cement characteristics. Less important factor in determining workability than the aggregate properties. However, increased fineness of type III (rapid â&#x20AC;&#x201C; hardening 0 cements will reduce workability at a given w/c ratio.

CURING Curing is process of protecting concrete from moisture loss from as soon after placing as possible, and for the first few days of hardening.

Curing methods • Spraying or ponding surface of concrete with water • Protecting exposed surfaces from wind and sun by windbreaks and sunshades • Covering surfaces with wet hessian and/or polythene sheets • Applying a curing membrane, a spray-applied resin seal, to the exposed surface to prevent moisture loss

Effect of curing temperature Hydration reactions between cement and water are temperature dependent and rate of reaction increases with curing temperature At early ages, rate of strength gain increases with curing temperature • Higher temperatures increases rate of reaction, thus higher strength) • At later ages, higher strength are obtained from concrete cured at lower temperatures.

STANDARD CURING TEMPERATURE IS 22 ± 1 º C HYDRATION PROCEEDS BELOW 0 º C, STOP COMPLETELY AT -10 º C

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

MOLD MAKING Any material can be used for a concrete mold, provided it satisfies certain requirements. The material must be: • Non-porous • Non-reactive with concrete • Waterproof (or be protected from water) • Dimensionally stable and rigid so that the mold shape does not change during casting (or the combined mold liner plus mother mold must be rigid).

THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS DETAIL THE PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF VARIOUS MOLD-MAKING MATERIALS : Advantages

Disadvantages

PLASTIC

FIBERGLASS

• More plastic can be bent and shaped using common woodworking tools. • Variety of textures : some plastics are flexible and soft, while others are rigid and hard. • Rigid sheet plastic can be used in place of plywood and melamine. • Complex plastic-forming techniques requires high quality skills.

Design considerations

• Plastic should be thick enough to resist deformation. not all plastic glue well.

Example

Comes in variety of styles, such as flexible and soft or rigid and hard. Some thin, heat-formable sheets like polystyrene or ABS can be vaccum formed, but thiss forming method require skills, technique and equipment of proffesionals.

Advantages

• Versatile and flexible method for complex rigid molds • ease of forming compound curves • Waterproof • Durable and rigid • Repairable

Disadvantages

• Fiberglass takes skill and practice to do well. • Its disadvantage is the resin binder. The resin must be carefully measured and mixed.

Design considerations

• Remember to pay attention to draft angle.

Example

Fiberglass is a composite of glass cloth and polyester resin or epoxy resin.

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

METAL

WOOD

Advantages

• Rigid • Can be shaped into smooth, complex shapes

Disadvantages

• Specialized tooling and skills are necessary for precise, high quality metalworking. • Complex shapes also should be fabricated by skilled proffesional.

Design considerations

• Sheet metal should be at least 18 guaze to provide sufficient stiffness. • solid wood can be dhaped and carved too.

Example

Metal such as galvanized steel, stainless steel, brass or ordinary steel can be used.

Advantages

• Rigid • Low cost • Readily available • Simple, fast and easy to fabricate

Disadvantages

• Sheet material is generally flat (but some thin plywood can be bent into curves) so that compound curves are difficult to form. • Wood must be sealed to prevent water from swelling the material and to keep the concrete from sticking to it.

Design considerations

• Simple rectangular or flat sided molds can be made with melamine or plywood, provided draft-angles are incorporated to ensure easy form removal. • solid wood can be shaped and carved too.

Example

Solid wood or sheet materials. Sheet materials includes: • Plywood • Particle board • MDF •Melamine

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

Image coutsey - Baakas design

MATERIAL EXPERIMENTATION A series of experimentation were done throughout the project to understand the behavior and properties of concrete in real life applications. As we are dealing with concrete products, the composition varies in accordance of what used in architectural design. All types of exercise mostly focused about moulding, concrete proportion, water content and admixtures were performed to understand the material in context for product use.

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

FIRST EXPERIENCE : CONCRETE TAPERED PLASTIC HOUSEHOLD ITEMS WERE USED FOR FIRST EXPERIMENT, P.O.P. WAS USED TO ACT AS WEIGHT FOR PRESSURE FROM TOP.

AFTER 12 HOURS MOLD WAS OPENED AND CONCRETE DRIED UP, HAD A GOOD FINISH AS PLASTIC HAVE SMOOTH SURFACE.

THE CONCRETE OBJECT BROKE EVENTUALLY WHILE DEMOLDING AS THE EDGE AND BOTTOM OF PLASTIC ITEMS HAD NON-UNIFORM SURFACES. 63

THERMOCOL MOULD MAKING This series of experiment were done to understand the demolding techniques, doâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and dont while making molds and basic texture properties.

WALLS OF THE MOLD CONFIGURED FOR EASY DEMOLDING

CUBE OF CONCRETE WITH THERMOCOL TEXTURE BECAUSE OF THE SOFTNESS OF MOLD

NEXT UP, A MOLD FOR FILLED CENTER TO OBTAIN THIN WALL STRUCTURE

PREMIXED CONCRETE MIXTURE WAS USED

PROPER MIXING IS REQUIRED TO GET A CONSISTENT PASTE

AS THERMOCOL HAVE A SMOOTH AND SLIPPPERY SURFACE, NO RELEASING AGENT WAS REQUIRED.

AS THERMOCOL WAS THIN, THE WEIGHT OF THE CEMENT PUSHED THE MOLD WALLS OUTSIDE.

THE INSIDE WALLS WERE TAKEN OUT WITH CARE, STILL THE CONCRETE SHATTERED IN TWO PEICES WHILE DEMOLDING

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

HEXAGON This series of experiment was aimed at undertanding the attributes of surface, releasing agent, demolding process while concrete casting.

FIRST THERMOCOL MOLD WAS USED FOR EASY DEMOLDING.

THE SURFACE OF THE CASTED PEICE WAS ROUGH, AS THE CONCRETE KEPT SHIFTING WHILE SETTING

SECOND TIME PLYBOARD AND SUNMICA WERE USED FOR RIGIDITY AND STABILITY. IT WAS DIVIDED IN SIX SIDES

USED GREASE WAS USED AS EXPERIMENTAL RELEASING AGENT. WHICH WORKED OUT REALLY GOOD.

THE CASTED PEICE HAD A VERY CONSISTENT WIDTH DUE TO STABILITY.

A PEICE WAS MADE WITH DUAL COLOR CONCRETE TO SEE THE MERGING EFFECT.

THE SURFACE OF THE LATER PEICES WERE SMOOTH AND AS INTENDED TO BE.

THIS EXPERIMENT WAS ALSO FOCUSED TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING SURFACE THEIR AFFECT ON MODULARITY.

STAINING This series of experiment was aimed at using different color and dyes to check, how stainers react to concrete ssurfaces and stay put.

PEICES OF BROKEN HEXAGON FROM PREVIOUS EXPERIMENT WERE USED AS SURFACES.

SEVERAL TYPES OF COLOR AND DYES, WATER BASED, SOLVENT BASED WERE USED

COLORS WERE APPLIED USING BRUSHES AND SPONGES

WATER BASED COLOR GAVE UP WITH PRESENCE OF WATER ON SURFACE.

DIFFERENT TYPE OF FINISHES WERE TRIED FOR TEXTURE AS EXERCISE.

EVEN STAINERS GAVE AWAY WHEN WATER WAS APPLIED UPON DRYING

THE WALNUT WOOD POLISH WAS PERFECTLY SOAKED AND ABSORBED TILL 1-2 MM BENEATH THE SURFACE

ONLY WALNUT POLISH AND OXIDE BASED BLACK COLOR COULD BE SUCCESSFUL.

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

BAKING This session was conducted for texture and color based exercises. Concrete with different color with different water content were used to understand the effect on final output. A number of materials for texture were also used.

DIFFERENT TYPE OF MATERIALS , FROM WASTE TO FABRICS AND THREADS WERE USED.

CEMENT COLOR WAS ADDED FIRST TIME IN QUANTITY ABOVE

WHITE CEMENT IN GOLDEN SAND, AS WHITE SAND IS NOT AVAILABLE EASILY.

COBALT BLUE COLOR WAS MIXED IN GREY CONCRETE MIXTURE TO SEE EFFECTS

THREE DIFFERENT COMPOSITION WERE TRIED OUT

ALL THREE PROPORTIONS TURNED OUT TO BE LESS AND WERE DOUBLED FOR NEXT EXPERIMENT

THERMOCOL PLATES WERE USED AS MOLD FOR EASY DEMOLDING

SEVERAL DIFFERNT COLORS AND MATERIALS WERE TRIED IN SECOND BATCH

WHITE + GREY CONRETE + WOOLEN THREADS

GREY CONRETE WITH PLASTIC NET

WHITE CONCRETE IN RINGS WITH GREY CONCRETE AROUND

DENIM PEICES WITH PLASTIC MESH IN DIFFERENT COLOR CONCRETE

GREY AND WHOTE CONCRETE WITH COTTON FABRIC IN BETWEEN THEM

GREY CONCRETE WITH WOODEN PEICES

HAY PEICE IN WHITE CONCRETE

WHITE CONCRETE WITH BLUE COLOR DROPS

WHITE CONCRETE PLY PEICES

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

GREY CONCRETE WITH PLY PEICES WASTE

GREY CONCRETE WITH THICH FABRIC IN BETWEEN

GREY CONCRETE WITH COTTON THREADS INSIDE

BLUE CONCRETE WITH 12 % COLOR RATIO WITH WASTE WOOD

WHITE CONCRETE + 12 % CEMENT COLOR

WHITE CONCRETE + 15 % COBALT BLUE + BLUE GLASS PEICES

WHITE CONCRETE + 15 % COLOR WITH EXTRA WATER CONTENT (IT LIGHTENS THE COLOR)

BLUE CONCRETE WITH SAW DUST

GREEN AND WHITE CONCRETE WITH COCONUT FIBRES

WHITE CONCRETE WITH BRASS WIRE ON SURFACE.

WHITE CONCRETE WITH BLUE AND GREEN BOTTLE GLASS

BLUE CONCRETE WITH WOODEN STICKS

BLUE CONCRETE WITH LESS WATER CONTENT + SUGARCANE WASTE

WHITE CONCRETE WITH SUGARCANE WASTE

WHITE CONCRETE WITH GLASS PEICES IN SURFACE

BLUE CONRETE WITH SUGARCANE PEICES ON SURFACE

GREY CONCRETE WITH 4% BLE COLOR WITH COCONUT HUSK

GREY CONCRETE WITH GOLDEN FOIL

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

FORM EXPLORATION As a initial stage of design development, basic 2d forms were explored as an exercise to get a basic idea of balance, stability and possibilities in basic geometric forms.

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

MOOD BOARDS

Four types of moodboards were set in respect to architectural elements of MSU. All four moodboards had relativeness to each other in terms of origin or possibilities.

CONNECTIVE • Freedom • Unity • Multipurpose • Simple • Geometric • Light

LINE & CIRCLES • Soft • Minimal • Proportion • Orientation • Natural • Composition

Image coutsey - www.pexels.com - google images

SUPPORT • Soft • Joinery • Dual element • Pillars • Minimal • Simple

BALANCE • Float • Wonder • Center of mass • Calculative • Neutral • Smart

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

CONCEPT SKETCHING On the basis of moodboards and design directions, concept ideation were done. Intresting form were decided through discussions. Forms with further possibilities were explored further.

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

ERGONOMICS

Normal seating posture, all the important guidelines for dimensions.

UPPER LUMBER (A) Male Female Combined

Min 5th

25th 50th 75th 95th Max

226 189 189

282 256 277

254 226 246

300 277 298

317 302 317

354 346 352

427 373 427

LOWER LUMBER (B) Male Female Combined

Min 5th

25th 50th 75th 95th Max

48 52 48

87 82 86

72 66 72

101 95 100

118 127 119

156 189 159

217 256 256

BUTTOCK TO POLITEAL LENGTH, NORMAL SITTING (C) Min 5th 25th 50th 75th 95th Max Male Female Combined

350 340 340

399 384 394

431 417 429

455 439 451

477 468 474

512 494 509

595 560 595

BUTTOCK TO LEG LENGTH NORMAL SITTING (D) Male Female Combined

Min 5th

25th 50th 75th 95th Max

639 539 539

654 579 594

640 540 540

719 639 654

779 729 729

779 760 780

699 651 644

POPLITEAL (E)

Male Female Combined

Min 5th

25th 50th 75th 95th Max

335 305 305

406 386 399

380 365 374

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

425 399 419

443 417 439

471 441 466

540 455 540

3D MODELLING (CONCEPT REFINING) This part of the conceptualization was done on 3d software as the forms we are dealing with canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t contain complicated surface. Quick conceptualization led to understanding of possibilities in concrete casting and limitation in manufacturing. Which form can increase manufacturing cost, which requires complicated costly mold, etc. These concepts then were refined further and inspired the proposed final designs.

INSPIRED BY THE GEOPMETRICAL PATTERN IN MSU BUILDING

SUPPORTIVE STRUCTURE WITH COUNTER ON TOP

TWO ELEMENTS , BALANCING EACH OTHERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S WEIGHT

A SITSAND WITH LIGHT MATERIAL ON TOP FOR STABILITY

SINGLE PEICE FORM WITH TWO SIDES IN CONTACT WITH GROUND

A COMBINATION OF TWO CURVES ON TOP AND ONE ON BOTTOM GIVES COMPLICATED CURVES

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

SINGLE PEICE SEAT WITH SINGLE SUPPORT. COMPLICATED CURVES

BASIC CONCEPT FOR BALANCING THE FORM FOR UNDERSTANDING REQUIREMENTS

CONCEPT FOR CREATING ILLUSION FROM TOP OF HAVING MINIMAL SUPORT

TWO SUPPORT STRUCTURE TO BALANCE FORM

SET OF TABLE AND SEAT FROM ONE MODULAR PEICE

CURVED BENCH WITH SELF STANDING STRUCTURE TO FORM PATERNS

NATURAL AND SIMPLE FORM TO BE USED AS SEATING OR PLANTER

EXPLORATION IN CURVES WITH SAME CONCEPT

MORE REFINEMENTS WITH PROPORTIONATE CAVITY TO FORM PLANTER.

CAN BE TURNED INTO SMALL MODULAR PEICES FOR MORE POSSIBILITIES

SINGLE PEICE MODULAR FORM DERIVED FROM ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

CAN BE ARRANGED IN TO MULTIPLE CONFIGURATION AS PLANTS AND SEATS

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

BENCH WITH COUNTERWEIGHT ON ONE SIDE FOR FLOATING EFFECT

CAVITY FOR REDUCING WEIGHT CAN BE USED AS PLANTER WHEN KEPT SIDEWAYS

SINGLE PEICE SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR MULTIPLE USAGE WITH STANDARD CIRCULAR CAVITY

FORM CHANGED IN RESPECT TO USAGE OVER TIME

DUE TO NARROW BOTTOM A SUPPORTING TILE WAS INTRODUCED

UNSTABILITY OF THE CONCEPT LED TO CHANGE IN FORM

FORM WITH MORE STABLE BOTTOM AND DIFFERNET CIRCULAR CAVITIES WERE EXPLORED

THESE MODULAR PEICES WITH POSSIBILTY OF LINEAR MULTIPLICATION

FURTHER CONCEPTUALISATION LED TO TABLE AND SEAT CONFIGURATION WITH SINGLE SUPPORT FOR EACH GROUP

DIFFERENT CURVES WERE INTRODUCED WITH MAINTAINING LEG SPACE FOR USERS

FURTHER SET UP WERE EXPLORED WITH THE SAME FORMS

THE SIZE OF SUPPRT BEAM WAS ALSO REDUCED KEEP IT MINIMUM

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

FINAL CONCEPT The final products decided consist of single peice furniture, benches, plantersand tables. Which can be configured into setups based on space requirements. All these concepts were finalised on the basis various factors including cost effectiveness, manufacturing possibilities, Industrial constraints, etc. These are the proposeed range of furniture and products for MSU campus and can be implemented as system around the campus.

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

87 31 . 0 0

0 .0

40.00

8.00

30.00

40.00

CELL single peice furniture

FEATURES • Modular- can be arranged in different configurations • Multipurpose – single unit can be used as part of product or

enhancement • Simple – basic smart function based solution • Light weight - weight reduction within form • Mass production – flat surfaces enables to use wood molds

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

40.0

30.0

39.0

R13.0

39.0

R10.0

39.0

PETAL single peice furniture

FEATURES • Multipurpose – single unit can be used as part of product or

enhancement • Light weight - weight reduction within form • Natural form - blends in nature • Connective - standard metal pips can be used for linear configuration

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

100.00

40.00

50.0

R15.00

R40.00 R10.00

CLOVE single bench module

FEATURES • Modular- can be arranged in different configurations • Multipurpose – can be used for planters and sitting both • Simple – form inspired from domes • Mass production – managable curves to reduce production cost

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

DOMI single bench module

40.00

FEATURES • Modular- can be arranged in different configurations

10.00

20.0

40.00

23.0

• Simple – form inspired from domes • Mass production – managable curves to reduce production cost

150.00

• Multipurpose – can be used for planters and sitting both

118.0

R10.00

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

MOTION

60.00

single module furniture system

FEATURES

R10.00

10.0

38.0

60.00

10.0

• Modular- can be stacked and used for various purpose • Multipurpose – single unit can be used as part of product or

enhancement • Simple – form inspired from basic geometric shape • Mass production – modular peice lower the cost of overall setup

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

12.0

40.0

70.0

20.0

5.0

R7.5

R5.0

WEDGE

• Modular- can be used for different purposes

single peice support system

• Multipurpose – single unit can be used for bollards, breakers, railing, etc.

FEATURES

• Simple – geometical form within balance with function • Light weight - minimum possible thickness for material savings • Mass production – flat surfaces enables to use wood molds

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

35.0

R17.5

SWIRL

R100.0

16.0

seating system modules

FEATURES

35.0

35.0 35.0

• Multipurpose – single unit can be used for unlimited extension

18.0 40.0

• Modular- can be arranged in variety of shapes according to space

16.0

8.0

• Simple – basic smart function based solution • Mass production – basic curves for easy production

20.9

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

100

101

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

102

160.0

160.0 171.0

47.0

11.0

47.0

11.0

171.0

.0 44

103

.0 44

171.0 115.0

SAPPHIRE modular canteen system

FEATURES • Modular- can be arranged in different configurations • Multipurpose – single unit can be used as part of product or

enhancement • Simple – basic smart function based solution • Light weight - weight reduction within form • Mass production – flat surfaces enables to use wood molds

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

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BUDGET ESTIMATE

TYPE 1

This product consist flat surfaces with no curves and can be casted in wood based mold to cut down the manufacturing cost. Estimated production cost Total material weight - 60 kg/pcs. Cement : sand -1:2 Total cement • Cement

- 20 kg - grey cement - Rs 10/kg x 20 = Rs 200 - White cement - Rs 20/kg x 20 = Rs 400

Total sand • Sand

- 40 kg - Rs 5/kg x 40 = Rs 200

• Type of mold - Plywod with sunmica surface layering Making cost - Rs 1200 - 1500

Total production cost - 10 pcs / mold • Grey concrete (10 pcs) = 2000 + 2000 + 1500 = Rs 5500 • White concrete (10 pcs) = 4000 + 4000 + 1500 = Rs 9500

TYPE 2

This product consist flat surfaces with curves and can be casted in metal based mold to acheive desired form. Estimated production cost Total material weight - 150 kg/pcs. Cement : sand -1:2 Total cement • Cement

Total sand • Sand

- 50 kg - grey cement - Rs 10/kg x 50 = Rs 500 - White cement - Rs 20/kg x 50 = Rs 1000 - 100 kg - Rs 5/kg x 100 = Rs 500

• Type of mold - m.s. sheet Making cost - Rs 20000 - 25000

Total production cost - 10 pcs / mold • Grey concrete (10 pcs) = 5000 + 5000 + 25000 = Rs 35000 • White concrete (10 pcs) = 10000 + 10000 + 25000 = Rs 45000

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LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

ABHISHEK KUMAR MEENA | GRADUATION PROJECT | FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN | 2016

The possibilities in concrete products are immense as it is a beautiful material which can be shaped in any way. But price constraint in mould making and production technique, material used limits the forms which can be casted. Better budget can provide much better form and surfaces but challenges feasibility. The proposed products is designed based on the function, feasible costing, ease of production and transportation.

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CONCLUSION This graduation project was an extremely fruitful experience for me. I am thankful again to Baakas design to allow me to work on this project with no concrete material experience which exposed me to concrete world of possibilities. Our solutions are based on current possibilities and feasibility in India but the possibilities in concrete around the world are well recognized. Concrete as a material is messy to handle and workability is tough but with right direction, the outcome can be outstanding. Combination of concrete and other materials in products can be lead to different possibilities in different contexts. But with exploration, it can enhance interior as well as outdoor spaces. With available types of concrete and their different constituents globally, a variety of intricate and complicate forms and products can be achieved. Due to the limited availability and knowledge of different kinds of basic concrete constituents in India, the full potential of concrete in products is not exploited. With time and encouragement to concrete products, the full potential of concrete in industry can be fulfilled. With more educational campuses realizing the importance of open spaces around, the need of outdoor products is increasing. It adds quality and to the campus which benefits student community in many ways. More institutes needs to realize its importance and encourage students to use open spaces. By developing smart and green campus with right product system we can create a healthy learning environment.

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RETROSPECTIVE The project has been a stimu¬lating yet arduous journey from defining and achieving goals in an industry scenario. It has been about dealing with new explorations and outcomes while proving objectivity towards consumer, market, design and industry. The designed pieces of furniture are predominantly in Smart and dynamic category. These are products that the company will look upon as functional reference in future. The compilation of research in design and material throughout the project shall help the compa¬ny for future developments and refinements of design. The project has been a substantial learning experience in terms of transforming institutional learning into implementation of actual industry. It has helped in an extensive understanding of indus¬try issues like conceptualization, material knowledge, customer insights etc. It has helped in dealing with subjects like how to create a perfect balance between all the industry issues thereby delivering a fine product which would sustain in the market. For myself as a designer, the true learning was in understanding the importance of working on field and realizing the importance of making the right decisions under and other circumstances. It helped me develop as a designer in the industry environ¬ment and also helped me under¬stand how important it is to stand by my decisions. Overall the project was a successful learning experience for me. The knowledge gained over the years at NID was implemented into the field of Interior design and furniture design. Both, the academic knowledge and Industrial experience helped me prepare myself to take the final step into the real world.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY WEB LINKS-.

• www.paleo.cc • http://www.slideshare.net/PrakashAryal1/open-spaces • http://www.slideshare.net/shwetha_srm/behavioral-aspects-of-open-spaces-in-campus-design • http://www.publicspaces.eu/seating/multi-bench • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campus • https://in.pinterest.com

BOOK/ARTICLES - • Recognizing Campus Landscapes as Learning Spaces Kathleen G Scholl, Gowri Betrabet Gulwadi

• Exploring Sustainability in Campus Design and Greenspace: Lessons from Leading Universities Mina Chan, Whitney Coupland, Kristen Gagesch

• University of glasgow campus development framework Catherine Mulé, Alyse Runyan

• Campus planning Shepley Bulfinch Richardson & Abbott

• Reinforcing Community andCampus Gathering Places Dunbar/jones PLC, spring 2004

• Integrated Approach for the Improvement of Human Comfort in the Public Realm: The Case of the Corniche, the Linear Urban Link of Doha Mooza AlMohannadi, Samar Zaina, Sara Zaina, Raffaello Furlan

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Remembering Arjun...

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