MATERNAL P R YTILIBATIFO

In this article, we focus on Angus genetics, as they represent most beef genetics being utilized through AI today. The American Angus Association (AAA) provides us with multiple economic indices for use in selecting cattle for different scenarios. $Beef ($B) is a terminal index that serves as a good tool for predicting post-weaning profitability of cattle but has zero maternal emphasis. $Maternal ($M) has the makings of strong maternal index but is a primarily output focused index.

The AAA economic indexes are useful tools, yet none appear to be ideal for identifying the most profitable maternal genetics for a producer choosing to utilize sexed semen to create replacements. Using $M to select maternal sires is a good start, however, a stronger emphasis on traits that impact input costs is necessary to identify the most maternally efficient and profitable animals

Additional Traits To Consider When Selecting For Cow Efficiency

While we don’t have a direct tool to select for cow efficiency, we know that traits like Mature Weight (MW), Dry Matter Intake (DMI), and Milk can all impact the inputs needed to maintain a cow. Mature weight is our best indicator for a cow’s maintenance requirements. There are always exceptions, but on average, bigger cows require more feed and resources to maintain than smaller cows. $M places downward pressure on the Mature Weight EPD but not on Dry Matter Intake or Milk. An emphasis on controlling DMI and Milk EPDs is necessary to keep cow maintenance costs in check.

Dry Matter Intake is typically measured during the growing phase of an animal’s life. It is challenging data to collect, so there is limited information on dry matter intake in mature cattle. Nonetheless, the limited data available indicates that intake is relatively repeatable throughout an animal’s lifetime. For example, heifers with lower intake during the growing phase, tend to have lower intake as mature females, relative to their contemporaries. Therefore, it makes sense to put downward pressure on the trait as we strive to identify the most maternally profitable genetics for our customers.

While it can be controversial in respect to its accuracy, Milk is also a trait that can impact input costs. The Angus Association provides a tool called the “Optimal Milk Module” to help determine a Milk EPD range that is appropriate for your operation. Genetic needs for Milk vary regionally with different resource availability, but there are upper and lower boundaries that will cause issues regardless of environment.

Too little milk and calves will not reach their full potential for growth and marketability. Too much milk and you can create a high maintenance cowherd that will struggle reproductively without costly supplementation. More often than not, we find ourselves pushing the upper boundary for this trait in modern performance-oriented cattle. That being said, it is reasonable for us to apply negative selection pressure to bulls that fall above a certain Milk EPD threshold when selecting sires for purely maternal purposes.

By using the $M and $B indices provided by AAA, in conjunction with the added emphasis on DMI and Milk as described above, ABS has developed a selection index to rank bulls whose daughters should excel for maternal profitability.

While this discussion has been primarily focused on maternal traits, we recognize that maintaining adequate focus on the end-product value is necessary. Remember, utilizing female Sexcel to create your replacements provides you the opportunity to maximize performance and end-product value in the remainder of your calf crop, whether you sell at weaning or on the rail.

Helping producers identify the most profitable genetics for their production system is our foundation. Our ‘Make Matings with Intent’ philosophy is a mindset producers should consider. Too much from any one area could be damaging to a herd without proper planning. With ABS Global’s main lineup genetics and Sexcel, you don’t have to compromise any portion of your herd. Strategically segmented your herd to maximize outputs and minimize inputs is your next step for sustainable profitability. Thus, you can truly make the most out of your genetic selection.