global burdEn of drug rEsIstanCE

have been criticized by some, WHO and numerous other groups and researchers agree that the spread of AMR is an urgent issue requiring a global, coordinated action plan to address.

As study conducted in a systematic analysis of Global burden of antimicrobial resistance in 2019 shown that the global burden on drug-resistant contributed about 1•27 million deaths. During the year of 2019, AMR would have been the third leading cause of death globally ahead of both HIV and malaria which is a great evidence of bacterial AMR is a leading global health issue. Additionally, the analysis showed that all six of the leading pathogens contributing to the burden of AMR in 2019 (E coli, S aureus, K pneumoniae, S pneumoniae, A baumannii, and P aeruginosa) have been identified as priority pathogens by WHO and among the 21 GBD regions.

Australasia had the lowest AMR death burden in 2019, whereas Western subSaharan Africa had the highest death burden associated with AMR. Although sub-Saharan Africa had the highest all-age death rate attributable to and associated with AMR.

In Ethiopia, as many studies revealed there were also an indication of misuse of antibiotics by drug consumer and bad practice of unskilled health care provider and practitioners without adequate diagnostic investigation that lead to AMR. Our ability to cure common diseases is still under danger due to the creation and spread of bacteria that are resistant to drugs and have developed new resistance mechanisms. The increasing global expansion of multi- and pan-resistant bacteria, commonly referred to as "superbugs," which cause diseases that cannot be treated with current antimicrobial medications, is particularly concerning, so to prevent AMR, it needs a multi sectorial approach of which, WHO’s global action plan framework set strategic objectives, which are improving awareness and understanding of AMR through effective communication, education and training, strengthening knowledge and evidence base through conducting surveillance and research using highly advanced diagnostics center and techniques to develop new treatment, diagnostic tools and vaccines that studies help to address effective antimicrobials or alternative approach. Additionally, stopping inappropriate dispensing and prescription practice before laboratory investigation in health organizational system to promote appropriate use of antimicrobial using evidence based interventions via establishing a legal and regulatory framework to ensure rational utilization of antimicrobials that can be done by sustainable investment and increase investment in highly accurate and reliable diagnostic tools.

Being involved in altering this globally challenging heath problem as contributing a revolutionary advanced diagnostic approach can promote the health of the individual and the community as a whole.

Swiss Diagnostics Ethiopia, contributes to reach in a highly advanced clinical management decisions on treating and early prevention of AMR that are guided by accurate and timely diagnostic results approach system via providing a meaningful result of antimicrobial susceptibility data, and also support accurate AMR surveillance data to inform empiric treatment guidelines and to develop control strategies, including infection prevention and control. SDE also contribute in Monitoring the Progress of AMR strategies through implement and involvement in more up-to-date diagnostic clues for research and surveillance activities as needed to achieve AMR objectives.