TEST BANK-Abnormal Psychology 18th Edition by Jill M. Hooley; Matthew K. Nock; James N. Butcher. by ACADEMIAMILL

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 1: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Learning Objective

Question Type

Introduction

Multiple Choice

Remember the Facts

Understand the Concepts

Apply What You Know

3, 4

1, 2

7, 8

Analyze It

Short Answer Essay 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders.

Multiple Choice

5, 9, 11

Short Answer

Essay 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification.

Multiple Choice

6, 12

74 17

13, 14, 18

Short Answer

15, 16 65

Essay 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders.

Multiple Choice

Short Answer

Essay 1.4 Distinguish between Multiple Choice incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common Short Answer and prevalent mental disorders. Essay

20, 21, 22, 25, 28, 29, 30, 33, 26, 31 34 68

1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting.

Multiple Choice

23, 24

Short Answer

27, 32

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Essay 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders.

Multiple Choice

Short Answer

Essay 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis.

Multiple Choice

75 40, 42

39, 41

Short Answer

43, 44 71

Essay 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences.

Multiple Choice

45, 50, 51

46, 47, 48, 49

Short Answer Essay

1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design.

53, 54

Multiple Choice Short Answer

55, 57, 58, 59 73

56, 62

Essay

60, 61, 63

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 1: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following individuals would most likely be a subject of specialists in abnormal psychology? a. Stacy, a college student who is consistently 15 minutes late to class b. Jason, a stock trader who rarely leaves his house c. Misha, a lab assistant who translates the vocal sounds of dolphins d. Tyree, an athlete who seeks to use visual imagery to improve his rowing technique Answer: b Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. Which of the following is an example of family aggregation? a. Both Jane and her husband are alcoholics. b. Jim and John, 21-year-old friends, are both schizophrenics. c. Karen, her mother, and her grandmother have all been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. d. Kim committed suicide, apparently in reaction to her mother’s abuse. Answer: c Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3. What does Monique’s case, outlined in the textbook, best illustrate? a. Abnormal behavior usually produces more distress in others than in the person who engages in the abnormal behavior. b. Abnormal behavior covers a wide range of behavioral disturbances. c. Most people who suffer from abnormal behavior are quickly identified as deviant by other people. d. When people suffer from mental disorders, they are unable to work or live independently. Answer: b Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Moderate 3 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 4. What does the case of Scott, outlined in the textbook, best illustrate? a. The problems associated with higher education in America today b. That homelessness often causes psychopathology c. That some psychological conditions are “late onset”—that is, initially occurring in adolescence or young adulthood d. That lower socioeconomic status is a causal factor of psychosis Answer: c Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 5. What makes defining abnormality difficult? a. There are so many types of abnormal behavior that they can’t be accurately described. b. There is no one behavior that serves to make someone abnormal. c. Most of us are abnormal much of the time, so we cannot tell what is normal. d. Criteria for abnormality have yet to be developed. Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Topic: Indicators of Abnormality Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 6. Which of the following statements accurately describes a characteristic indicator of abnormality? a. Subjective distress must be present in order for a behavior, emotion, or thought to be deemed abnormal. b. A behavior, emotion, or thought that is statistically rare and desirable is considered abnormal. c. Violating the standards of society, particularly when statistically rare, is abnormal. d. Engaging in highly dangerous activities on a regular basis reflects abnormal behavior. Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Topic: Indicators of Abnormality Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 4 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

7. The fact that tattoos are commonplace today, while they were once viewed as abnormal, illustrates that __________. a. modern society is unlikely to change b. what is acceptable for men and women is no longer different c. American culture values independence d. the values of a society may change over time Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Topic: Indicators of Abnormality Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 8. Brandon consistently drinks a fifth of vodka at least five times per week. This has greatly increased his chance of serious liver damage and premature death. Because he drinks at home, the behavior harms no one else. According to the DSM-5, is Brett’s behavior consistent with the definition of a mental disorder? a. Yes, because many people in society engage in this behavior b. Yes, because he is persistently acting in a way that is harmful and dangerous c. No, because his behavior must also harm the well-being of others in the community d. No, because there is no evidence that his actions are out of his own control Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Topic: Indicators of Abnormality Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 9. In the field of abnormal psychology, what does DSM stand for? a. Disorders, Science, and the Mind b. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual c. Descriptors for the Science of the Mind d. Diagnostic Science of the Mind Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Topic: The DSM-5 and the Definition of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 10. The current version of the DSM—the DSM-5—is __________, and it contains a total of __________ diagnostic categories. 5 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. a complete guide to the origin, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders; 256 b. a collection of random opinions about diagnosing mental disorders; 323 c. a fundamentally flawed collection of unfounded assumptions about mental disorders; 415 d. a work in progress that classifies mental disorders based on what is currently known; 541 Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Topic: The DSM-5 and the Definition of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 11. The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) is produced by __________. a. the American Psychological Association b. the American Psychiatric Association c. the World Health Organization d. the American Medical Association Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Topic: The DSM-5 and the Definition of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 12. What was the most significant challenge during the revision process that resulted in the DSM-5? a. Making sure that all changes recommended by each working group were included b. Ensuring that changes were limited and minimal in scope to maintain the same number of diagnoses c. Incorporating new research findings while maintaining continuity with the prevision edition d. Eliminating the influence of bias from experts in each of the working groups Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Topic: The DSM-5 and the Definition of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 13. What is the primary purpose of a classification system such as the DSM-5? a. To reduce the amount of work for the insurance industry 6 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. To provide an opportunity for clinicians to talk at length about each patient individually c. To differentiate psychological disorders from biological disorders d. To facilitate a shared, simplified communication system across professional boundaries Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Topic: Classification and Diagnosis Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 14. Which of the following is a disadvantage to having a classification system for mental disorders? a. A classification system establishes the types of problems that mental professionals can treat. b. When labels are used to describe an individual’s behavior, important details about the person are lost. c. A classification system allows for research to advance. d. Identifying the disorder that an individual has guides treatment. Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Topic: What Are the Disadvantages of Classification? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 15. Mitchell is experiencing significant challenges as a freshman in college, to the point where he is considering dropping out. He feels a sense of disgrace due to his inability to comprehend the material and is afraid he will be labeled as dumb or ignorant. What term defines Mitchell’s fears? a. Stereotype b. Shyness c. Stigma d. Sensitivity Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Topic: What Are the Disadvantages of Classification? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 16. Which of the following individuals is most likely to fear the stigma of mental illness, and thus refrain from seeking medical treatment? 7 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. Kim, a 30-year-old female b. Barry, a 57-year-old male c. Traci, a 42-year-old female d. Harold, a 23-year-old male Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Topic: What Are the Disadvantages of Classification? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 17. As it relates to the stigma of mental illness, what is meant by “stereotyping”? a. The reluctance of people to discuss their psychological problems because they are afraid others won’t like them b. The fact that people become sad and upset when they find out they have a mental illness c. The automatic and incorrect beliefs many have about people with a psychiatric diagnosis d. The problem of removing a diagnosis of mental illness, even if people make a full recovery Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Topic: What Are the Disadvantages of Classification? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 18. Which of the following has been shown to reduce stigma around the mentally ill? a. Educating people that a mental illness is a “real” brain disorder b. Referring to a mental illness as a “mental disease” c. Increasing contact with individuals who have a mental illness d. Applying labels, such as “schizophrenic” or “bipolar,” to individuals Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Topic: How Can We Reduce Prejudicial Attitudes Toward People Who Are Mentally Ill? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 19. Martine believes that the trees on her family farm occasionally speak to her. In deciding if Martine has a mental illness or not, which of the following should first be evaluated? a. How old is Martine? b. Is Martine’s belief consistent with the beliefs of her culture? 8 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. Do people in general consider Martine’s belief to be abnormal? d. Does her belief match any of the symptoms in the disorders in the DSM-5? Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. Topic: Culture and Abnormality Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 20. What is epidemiology? a. The study of epidemics in mental disorders among the general population b. The study of organic brain diseases among different ethnic populations of a defined geographic region c. The study of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health-related behaviors in a given population d. The sociological study of psychological disorders Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Topic: Prevalence and Incidence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 21. Expressed as a percentage, __________ refers to the number of active cases in a population during any given period of time. a. prevalence b. point prevalence c. point incidence d. incidence Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Topic: Prevalence and Incidence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 22. __________ refers to the estimated proportion of actual, active cases of a disorder in a given population at a given point of time. a. Point prevalence b. Absolute prevalence c. 1-year prevalence 9 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. Lifetime prevalence Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Topic: Prevalence and Incidence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 23. Which of the following is an example of point prevalence? a. Fifty people had panic attacks in the last year. b. Eighty people in one graduating class were diagnosed with bulimia at some time during the past four years. c. Fifteen percent of the population is currently experiencing symptoms of anxiety. d. Twelve percent of women will suffer from depressive disorder before the age of 30. Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Topic: Prevalence and Incidence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 24. The mayor of a city wants to know the number of new cases of a disorder over the past year. The mayor should ask an epidemiologist for the __________ of the disorder. a. prevalence rate b. incidence rate c. point prevalence d. acute occurrence Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Topic: Prevalence and Incidence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 25. What mental disorder in adults in the United States has the highest 1-year prevalence rate? a. Mood disorder b. Substance-abuse disorder c. Specific phobia d. Anxiety disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. 10 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Prevalence Estimates for Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena. 26. What individual mental disorder in the United States has the highest lifetime prevalence rate? a. Major depressive disorder b. Alcohol abuse c. Specific phobia d. Social phobia Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Topic: Prevalence Estimates for Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena. 27. Which of the following statements illuminates a significant shortcoming in the results of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)? a. Meeting diagnostic criteria is synonymous with serious impairment by the disorder. b. The lifetime prevalence rates are likely underestimated, as the NCS-R study did not assess eating disorders, schizophrenia, or autism. c. The lifetime prevalence rates are likely overestimated, as the NCS-R study assessed eating disorders, schizophrenia, and autism. d. The NCS-R data is well over two decades old, and therefore irrelevant. Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Topic: Prevalence Estimates for Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.3 Engage is innovative and integrative thinking and problemsolving. 28. Comorbidity means __________. a. that a disorder is often fatal b. that a person has two or more disorders c. that a person has a more severe form of a disorder d. that a person is unlikely to recover from a disorder Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Topic: Prevalence Estimates for Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 11 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 29. According to the results of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), which of the following statements accurately describes individuals who have a history of at least one serious psychological disorder? a. Most are effectively treated and never experience mental illness again. b. Over 50 percent of those with a disorder rated as serious have two or more other disorders. c. Few have a comorbid disorder. d. Individuals who have sought treatment for one illness are unlikely to ever experience another. Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Topic: Prevalence Estimates for Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 30. The most prevalent psychological disorders among adults in the United States are __________, while __________ account(s) for the greatest percentage of the global burden of disease. a. anxiety disorders; depressive disorders b. mood disorders; tuberculosis c. substance abuse disorders; HIV/AIDS d. dissociative disorders; drug use disorders Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Topic: The Global Burden of Disease Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 31. Approximately half of those diagnosed with depression delay seeking treatment for __________. a. one to two years b. three to five years c. six to eight years d. nine to twenty-three years Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Topic: Treatment 12 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 32. Which of the following statements describes an unintended consequence of the trend away from the use of traditional hospitalization for mental health care treatment? a. More insurance companies are denying treatment for mental illness. b. The majority of mental health treatments are provided on an inpatient basis. c. Over time, there has been a significant increase in inpatient beds. d. The number of prison inmates being treated for severe mental illness has increased dramatically. Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Topic: Treatment Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena. 33. The trend toward deinstitutionalization in recent years has meant that __________. a. inpatient hospitalization in public institutions has increased b. people with psychological problems more often receive inpatient treatment than outpatient treatment c. people are hospitalized more briefly, and then treated on an outpatient basis d. the number of community services has skyrocketed Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Topic: Treatment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena. 34. A __________ might work with mental health clients to help resolve family problems, while a(n) __________ prescribes medications and monitors the patient for side effects. a. clinical psychologist; occupational therapist b. psychiatric nurse; clinical social worker c. clinical social worker; psychiatrist d. psychiatrist; counseling psychologist Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Topic: Mental Health Professionals Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena. 13 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

35. Describing a disorder as acute means that __________. a. it causes very severe distress and impairment b. it causes very mild distress and impairment c. it is a very long-lasting disorder d. it is a disorder that is short in duration Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting. Topic: Research Approaches in Abnormal Psychology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 36. What does the term “etiology” mean relative to psychological disorders? a. It concerns how culture fits in with psychological disorders. b. It concerns how family fits in with psychological disorders. c. It concerns the causes of psychological disorders. d. It concerns the treatments for psychological disorders. Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting. Topic: Research Approaches in Abnormal Psychology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 37. Why is it inaccurate and poor scientific judgment to make conclusions based on case studies? a. Case studies can provide little information about a disorder. b. Few patients are willing to be used as case studies. c. It is unethical. d. Conclusions based on so little data are likely to be flawed. Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. Topic: Case Studies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.3 Engage in innovative and integrative thinking and problemsolving. 38. Carl is asked to provide information about his drinking. Despite the fact that he has had several arrests for driving while intoxicated, Carl reports that he has no problems with drinking. This is an example of __________. a. the problems with self-report data b. the problems with case studies 14 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. the problems of diagnosis d. the problems of forming hypotheses Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. Topic: Self-Report Data Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 39. Once a decision has been made to study individuals with a given disorder, what is the next step that should be taken? a. Select criteria for identifying individuals with the disorder, as presented in the DSM-5. b. Determine what treatment approach will be tested. c. Establish which subjects will be in the control group and which will be in the experimental group. d. Gather survey data to determine where your subjects are most likely to reside. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Topic: Forming and Testing Hypotheses Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 40. Why is a representative sample desirable? a. Such samples are random. b. Hypotheses can only be tested on representative samples. c. Only representative samples yield meaningful results. d. The more representative a sample is, the more generalizable the data. Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Topic: Sampling and Generalization Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 41. Why would a researcher want to ensure that every person in the underlying population of study has an equal chance of being included in the sample? a. It helps eliminate a correlational relationship. b. It increases the chances of finding a causal relationship. c. It provides important epidemiological information, such as the prevalence and incidence of the disorder. d. It increases the researcher’s ability to generalize findings to the larger group. 15 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Topic: Sampling and Generalization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 42. What is external validity? a. The extent to which research findings are consistent with hypotheses b. The extent to which the sample equals the population c. The extent to which research findings can be generalized beyond the study d. A measure of how powerful the statistics being used are within a study Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Topic: Internal and External Validity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 43. In Dr. Lu’s study of eating disorders, she looked at the academic histories of girls with eating disorders and girls who did not have such problems. In this example, the girls with eating disorders are the __________ group. a. comparison b. control c. criterion d. treatment Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Topic: Criterion and Comparison Groups Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 44. What is a good control group for a research study on people with eating disorders? a. People who have eating disorders and a wide range of educational backgrounds b. A group that is comparable to the one with eating disorders, except that they eat normally c. A group that is drawn from the sample of people with eating disorders d. People who used to have eating disorders but say they no longer do Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Topic: Criterion and Comparison Groups 16 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 45. In what significant ways do correlational research designs differ from experimental research designs? a. Correlational research does not require the selection of a sample to study. b. Correlational research does not generate hypotheses. c. There is no comparison group in correlational research. d. There is no manipulation of variables in correlational research. Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Topic: Correlational Research Designs Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 46. Why are correlational research designs often used in abnormal psychology? a. They are best at determining cause and effect. b. They are the most useful for comparing groups. c. They give in-depth descriptions of the disorder being studied. d. It is often unethical or impossible to directly manipulate the variables involved in abnormal psychology. Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Topic: Correlational Research Designs Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 47. It has been demonstrated that those who were prenatally exposed to the influenza virus are more likely to develop schizophrenia. In other words, prenatal exposure to the influenza virus is __________ correlated with developing schizophrenia. a. not b. randomly c. negatively d. positively Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Topic: Measuring Correlation Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 17 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

48. A significant positive correlation is found between variables x and y. Which of the following may be safely inferred? a. x causes y b. y causes x c. as x increases, y increases d. as x increases, y decreases Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Topic: Measuring Correlation Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 49. What does the notation p < .05 next to a correlation mean? a. The probability that a correlation would occur purely by chance is less than 95 out of 100 b. The probability that a correlation would occur purely by chance is less than 5 out of 100 c. The probability that a positive correlation will be found purely by chance d. The probability that a negative correlation will be found purely by chance Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Topic: Statistical Significance Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 50. What is the term for the statistical approach that calculates and then combines the effect sizes from multiple studies? a. Meta-analysis b. Effect analysis c. Multiple-effect analysis d. Correlational analysis Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Topic: Meta-Analysis Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 51. What is the most important limitation of correlational studies? a. They cannot determine cause and effect. 18 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. They are highly subject to bias. c. They rarely have representative samples. d. They are very difficult to do. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Topic: Correlations and Causality Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 52. Researchers have observed that women who wear bras for more than 16 hours a day are more likely to develop breast cancer than those who spend less time in a bra. In other words, there is a correlation between wearing a bra and breast cancer. Based on this finding, which of the following statements is true? a. Wearing a bra causes cancer. b. All women should avoid wearing a bra for more than 16 hours a day. c. There is no relationship between wearing a bra and breast cancer; these data are clearly flawed. d. Some additional variable may serve to explain the relationship observed between wearing a bra and developing cancer. Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Topic: Correlations and Causality Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 53. Individuals who have alcohol problems tend to come from families with other individuals who have alcohol problems. This suggests that __________. a. genetic factors cause an individual to have alcohol problems b. environmental factors cause an individual to have alcohol problems c. both genetic and environmental factors cause an individual to have alcohol problems d. although there is an association between genetics and alcoholism, no cause-effect relationship can be concluded. Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Topic: Correlations and Causality Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 54. A researcher says, “These studies make it too easy for investigators to find the background factors they expect to find. However, the studies would be more valid if we found documents 19 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

like school reports that show the background factor before the disorder emerges.” What kind of research strategy is the researcher referring to? a. Prospective strategy b. N=1 strategy c. Retrospective strategy d. Analogue study Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Topic: Retrospective versus Prospective Strategies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 55. A researcher who provides a certain treatment to one group and withholds treatment from a completely comparable group is using the __________ research method. a. correlational b. epidemiological c. case study d. experimental Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Topic: The Experimental Method in Abnormal Psychology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 56. A researcher who studies children who are home-schooled, and compares them to children who attend school, is using the __________ research method. a. correlational b. epidemiological c. case study d. experimental Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Topic: The Experimental Method in Abnormal Psychology Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 57. In a study of the effects of ice cream on mood, the ice cream can be described as __________. a. the dependent variable b. the independent variable c. a correlational variable d. a confounding variable 20 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Topic: The Experimental Method in Abnormal Psychology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 58. In a study of the effects of ice cream on mood, the mood after ice cream exposure can be described as __________. a. the dependent variable b. the independent variable c. a correlational variable d. a confounding variable Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Topic: The Experimental Method in Abnormal Psychology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 59. Random assignment means that __________. a. most research participants have a chance of being placed within the no-treatment condition b. most research participants have a chance of being placed within the treatment condition c. every research participant has a chance of being placed within the treatment or notreatment condition d. every research participant has a chance of being placed within the treatment condition Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Topic: Studying the Efficacy of Therapy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 60. In research conducted by Pope and McNally (2002), participants diagnosed with repetitivestress injury (RSI) were placed in one of three groups: no treatment (the no-treatment group); a magnetized wristband (the magnet group); and, unbeknownst to the participants and the researcher, a wristband with the magnet removed (the sham group). On a post-test, the sham group performed as well as those in the magnet group. What might explain the results of the study? a. The placebo effect b. The double-blind effect c. The nocebo effect d. The magnetization effect Answer: a 21 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Topic: Studying the Efficacy of Therapy Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 61. What is the value of using an ABAB design? a. It permits the study of the effects of multiple forms of treatment on a single subject. b. Subjects can be selected randomly. c. The effects of a single form of treatment are studied twice in the same subject. d. Generalizability is ensured. Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Topic: Single-Case Experimental Designs Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 62. Which of the following is an example of an analogue study? a. Families with a history of schizophrenia are compared to families with no history of mental illness. b. Rats prenatally exposed to alcohol are studied to further our understanding of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. c. Blood is taken from a group of individuals with panic disorder both before and after viewing a disturbing film. d. Survey data is examined to determine the prevalence of mental illness. Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Topic: Animal Research Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 63. A major scientific problem with analogue studies is __________. a. the difficulty of disentangling intercorrelated factors b. the difficulty of manipulating variables in a laboratory c. the inability to draw causal inferences from such studies d. the difficulty of generalizing to the naturally occurring phenomenon Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Topic: Animal Research Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

SHORT ANSWER 64. Why is it difficult to agree on a definition of abnormal behavior? Answer: There are no sufficient or necessary conditions. Also, what is abnormal at one point in time may no longer be considered abnormal at another time. Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Topic: Indicators of Abnormality Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 65. Discuss one disadvantage of developing a classification system for mental disorders. Answer: Multiple possible answers: (1) There is a loss of information when a classification scheme is applied to behavior, as will happen when any single word is used to convey something as complex as a mental disorder. (2) In addition, there may be some stigma attached to receiving a psychiatric diagnosis. (3) Stereotyping may occur, leading to incorrect assumptions and expectations around an individual who has received a psychiatric diagnosis. Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Topic: What Are the Disadvantages of Classification? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 66. Explain what a culture-specific disorder is and provide an example of one. Answer: A culture-specific disorder is a disorder that occurs most commonly, or exclusively, in a specific culture. While many disorders may present themselves differently in different cultures, these are disorders that are unique to particular cultures. Koro, a disorder seen most commonly in young Asian males, is one example. This anxiety disorder is characterized by an extreme fear that a body part is shrinking. Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. Topic: Culture and Abnormality Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 67. Discuss the difference between prevalence and incidence. Answer: Prevalence is the number of active cases of a disorder in a given population during a given period of time. Incidence is the number of new cases that occur over a given period of time. 23 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Topic: Prevalence and Incidence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 68. What is comorbidity? Answer: The presence of two of more disorders in the same person. This is common in serious mental disorders, rarer for mild disorders. Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Topic: Prevalence Estimates for Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 69. What is a case study, and what are its benefits and drawbacks? Answer: A case study is an in-depth, detailed account of a single case. They are good sources of research ideas and hypotheses. However, information from them does not generalize. They are uncontrolled and often impressionistic, so any conclusions drawn may be incorrect. Learning Objective: 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. Topic: Case Studies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 2.3 Engage in innovative and integrative thinking and problemsolving. 70. Discuss the limitations of self-report data. Answer: Self-report data can be misleading or sometimes a deliberately lie. People can misinterpret questions, or try to present themselves more or less favorably than is true. Learning Objective: 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. Topic: Self-Report Data Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena. 71. What is sampling, and why is it important?

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: Sampling is the procedure used to select subjects to study. As it is not possible to study all of the population of interest, a subset of the population is selected. The sample studied needs to resemble the larger population on all relevant variables so that findings made when studying the sample can be generalized to the population. In other words, results obtained with a sample should provide accurate information about the larger population. Learning Objective: 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Topic: Sampling and Generalization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 72. What is meant by the placebo treatment? Answer: A condition that enables experimenters to control for the possibility that simply believing one is getting an effective type of treatment produces a therapeutic benefit. Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Topic: Studying the Efficacy of Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena. 73. What is an analogue study? Answer: A study of an approximation of the real thing in which the researcher is interested. Often done if studying the real thing is difficult, or if it would be unethical to manipulate the variables of interest. Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Topic: Animal Research Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. ESSAY QUESTIONS 74. What is the DSM, and what is the definition of a mental disorder for the DSM-5? Answer: The DSM is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The DSM is published by the American Psychiatric Association and provides information to be used in identifying mental disorders. The DSM does not provide information as to the cause of mental disorders. A mental disorder, according to the DSM-5, is a syndrome that occurs in an individual and involves clinically significant disturbance in behavior, emotion regulation, or cognitive functioning. These disturbances are thought to reflect an underlying biological, psychological, or developmental dysfunction, the consequences of which are clinically significant distress (e.g., a painful symptom) or disability (impairment in one or more 25 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

important areas of functioning, such as social, occupational, or other activities). It must not be a merely expected response to common stressors and losses (e.g., the loss of a loved one) or a culturally sanctioned response to a particular event (e.g., trance states in religious rituals). It is not primarily a result of social deviance or conflicts with society. GRADING RUBRIC: 8 points total, 2 points for what DSM stands for, 2 points for explaining what it is, 4 points for correct definition of “mental disorder.” Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Topic: The DSM-5 and the Definition of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 75. What is an observational research design, and how can such an approach further our understanding of abnormal behavior? What limitations are there of such designs, and how can these be overcome? Answer: When an observational research design is employed, no manipulation is made; data is merely gathered on the subject or subjects of interest. A group that is at risk for some disorder or has a particular disorder may be studied in order to gather information as to the factors that might influence the development of the disorder or the progression of the disorder. Just as a control group is used in an experiment, a control group must be used when conducting observational research. It is important, however, to recognize that no conclusions can be made about cause and effect. Correlational data, observing that two factors are related, does not permit such conclusions to be made, as other factors may be the true cause for the observed relationship. For example, if a researcher observes a correlation between obesity and depression, it can’t be concluded that depression causes obesity or that obesity causes depression. While either may be true, it cannot be determined from such data. In addition to these obvious causal connections, there could be additional factors that are causing both problems. Thus, while observational research designs provide information as to how things are related, no conclusions can be made as to cause and effect. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 2 points for explaining observational research design, 2 points for how it can be used, 3 points for limitations, 3 points for how limitations can be overcome. Learning Objective: 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. Topic: Observational Approaches Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 76. Compare and contrast retrospective and prospective research designs. What are the benefits and problems of these designs? Answer: Retrospective research designs study people with a disorder by collecting information about their lives before they became sick. The problems are faulty and selective memory, and 26 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

bias on the part of the person and the researcher. Prospective research designs find people with high risk of developing a disorder before they have it, measure variables ahead of time, and track the people to see who develops the disorder. The problems are that you can’t know how many will develop the disorder and it is a small sample size. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points, 5 points each. Learning Objective: LO 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Topic: Retrospective versus Prospective Strategies Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design and conduct basic psychological research.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module Quiz 1.1: What Do We Mean By Abnormality? EOM Q1.1.1 Consider the criterion of subjective distress in the determination of a mental disorder. Which statement best describes its usefulness in deciding whether a given situation is "abnormal"? a) Subjective distress is not a sufficient or necessary condition for us to consider something as abnormal. b) Subjective distress is necessary but not a sufficient condition for us to consider something as abnormal. Consider This: Think about various circumstances, both normal and abnormal, where subjective distress occurs. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. c) Subjective distress is not necessary but is a sufficient condition for us to consider something as abnormal. Consider This: Think about various circumstances, both normal and abnormal, where subjective distress occurs. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. d) In order to consider something as abnormal, subjective distress is both necessary and sufficient. Consider This: Think about various circumstances, both normal and abnormal, where subjective distress occurs. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Module: What Do We Mean By Abnormality? Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q1.1.2 The vast majority of people have not climbed to the peak of Mount Everest. Those who have represent a very small portion of the total population, but they would not be labeled as abnormal for having done so. This demonstrates the pitfall of using __________ as a lone criterion of abnormality. a) statistical deviancy b) subjective distress Consider This: Simply considering uncommon behavior to be abnormal does not provide us with a solution to our problem of defining abnormality. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. c) maladaptiveness Consider This: Simply considering uncommon behavior to be abnormal does not provide us with a solution to our problem of defining abnormality. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. d) dangerousness 28 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Simply considering uncommon behavior to be abnormal does not provide us with a solution to our problem of defining abnormality. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Module: What Do We Mean By Abnormality? Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q1.1.3 Which symptom represents the irrationality and unpredictability criterion of abnormality? a) a person who begins to speak in rhymes instead of using coherent sentences b) a person who rides a roller coaster with their hands over their head, screaming in delight throughout the ride Consider This: It would be unpredictable, and it would make no sense to you. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. c) a person who adheres to a religion that is not regarded as being mainstream in her cultural surroundings Consider This: It would be unpredictable, and it would make no sense to you. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. d) a person who is able to hold their breath under water for 3 full minutes Consider This: It would be unpredictable, and it would make no sense to you. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Module: What Do We Mean By Abnormality? Skill level: Understand Difficulty: Easy EOM Q1.1.4 The current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, __________, was published in 2013. a) DSM-5 b) DSM-IV-TR Consider This: The volume is nearly a thousand pages long and contains 541 total diagnostic categories. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. c) DSM-III-R Consider This: The volume is nearly a thousand pages long and contains 541 total diagnostic categories. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. d) DSM-7.1 Consider This: The volume is nearly a thousand pages long and contains 541 total diagnostic categories. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Module: What Do We Mean By Abnormality? Skill Level: Remember 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q1.1.5 What is meant by the statement that the development of the most recent version of the DSM was based on some contradictory themes? a) The process sought to maintain continuity with the previous edition while also placing no limits on the changes that were needed. b) The new DSM significantly reduced the number of identified mental disorders in an era where mental illness appears to be increasing. Consider This: Sometimes it is very difficult to strike a balance between two seemingly competing demands. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. c) The most recent DSM has separated diagnoses into those that are deemed "treatable" and those that are believed to be "untreatable." Consider This: Sometimes it is very difficult to strike a balance between two seemingly competing demands. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. d) Diagnostic categories that have been validated by years of research were removed from the latest DSM because insurance companies refused to pay for the treatment of these conditions. Consider This: Sometimes it is very difficult to strike a balance between two seemingly competing demands. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Module: What Do We Mean By Abnormality? Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult End of Module Quiz 1.2: Classification and Diagnosis EOM Q1.2.1 At its most fundamental level, the classification of mental disorders gives us a __________, which provide(s) clinicians with a common language and shorthand terms for complex clinical situations. a) nomenclature b) stigma Consider This: It is very difficult to know how to treat a condition without first being able to accurately name it. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. c) stereotype Consider This: It is very difficult to know how to treat a condition without first being able to accurately name it. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. d) set of assessment tools Consider This: It is very difficult to know how to treat a condition without first being able to accurately name it. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Module: Classification and Diagnosis Skill Level: Remember 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q1.2.2 Automatic beliefs concerning other people that we learn as we grow up in a given culture are called __________. a) stereotypes b) prejudices Consider This: Remember that not all such automatic beliefs are negative in nature. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. c) nomenclatures Consider This: Remember that not all such automatic beliefs are negative in nature. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. d) discriminations Consider This: Remember that not all such automatic beliefs are negative in nature. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Module: Classification and Diagnosis Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q1.2.3 Goodwin (2014) analyzed 55 horror movies made between 2000 and 2012, and found that murderers are most often people who are depicted as suffering from __________. a) psychosis b) depression Consider This: The movies incorrectly promote the notion that a loss of touch with reality produces terribly violent impulses. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. c) a personality disorder Consider This: The movies incorrectly promote the notion that a loss of touch with reality produces terribly violent impulses. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. d) bipolar disorder Consider This: The movies incorrectly promote the notion that a loss of touch with reality produces terribly violent impulses. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Module: Classification and Diagnosis Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q1.2.4 Which of the following would be the best use of language to describe a person who has been diagnosed with a psychiatric condition? 31 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a) a 23-year-old person with schizophrenia b) a 40-year-old manic-depressive Consider This: Remember that someone with a psychiatric disorder is a human being, not a diagnosis. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. c) a 15-year-old anorexic Consider This: Remember that someone with a psychiatric disorder is a human being, not a diagnosis. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. d) a 65-year-old insomniac Consider This: Remember that someone with a psychiatric disorder is a human being, not a diagnosis. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Module: Classification and Diagnosis Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q1.2.5 Which of the following would most likely reduce stigma toward people with mental illness? a) an assignment completed by a group of students, some of whom have mental illness and some of whom do not b) teaching people that mental illnesses are "brain disorders" Consider This: Contrary to hypotheses, evidence that mental illnesses have biological underpinnings has not helped to reduce stigma. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. c) separating students with mental illnesses into their own classrooms so they do not slow down other students Consider This: Contrary to hypotheses, evidence that mental illnesses have biological underpinnings has not helped to reduce stigma. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. d) participating in studies on mental illness Consider This: Contrary to hypotheses, evidence that mental illnesses have biological underpinnings has not helped to reduce stigma. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Module: Classification and Diagnosis Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult End of Module Quiz 1.3: Culture and Abnormality EOM Q1.3.1 Which of the following examples best demonstrates how cultural variations impact people's beliefs?

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a) People from Christian countries often believe that the number 13 is unlucky, while Japanese people are more likely to avoid the number 4. b) A person who grew up in Texas may use regional dialects that are different from someone who grew up in New England. Consider This: Within a given culture, there exist many shared beliefs and behaviors that are widely accepted and that may constitute one or more customary practices. 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. c) People in Mexico may take an hour or two off in the middle of the day, a custom known as siesta. Consider This: Within a given culture, there exist many shared beliefs and behaviors that are widely accepted and that may constitute one or more customary practices. 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. d) There are no cultures in the world where homosexuality is regarded as the expected, primary sexual orientation. Consider This: Within a given culture, there exist many shared beliefs and behaviors that are widely accepted and that may constitute one or more customary practices. 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. Module: Culture and Abnormality Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q1.3.2 A person who goes to a therapist and describes themselves as being depressed would most likely be from which culture? a) European American b) Native American Consider This: Members of this community tend to describe their symptoms of depression in emotional rather than physical terms. 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. c) Native Alaskan Consider This: Members of this community tend to describe their symptoms of depression in emotional rather than physical terms. 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. d) Southeast Asian Consider This: Members of this community tend to describe their symptoms of depression in emotional rather than physical terms. 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Module: Culture and Abnormality Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q1.3.3 José's father, Bastian, immigrated to America from the Caribbean ten years ago. Two months ago, Bastian's wife died after a lengthy battle with cancer. Bastian has recently been displaying crying fits, seizure-like episodes and, at times, aggressive behaviors. Medical professionals have been unable to identify a physical cause for Bastian's stress. Caribbean family members suspect that Bastian is suffering from __________. a) ataque de nervios b) jinjinia bemar Consider This: Abnormal behavior is behavior that deviates from the norms of the society in which the person lives. 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. c) Windigo Consider This: Abnormal behavior is behavior that deviates from the norms of the society in which the person lives. 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. d) mal de ojo Consider This: Abnormal behavior is behavior that deviates from the norms of the society in which the person lives. 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. Module: Culture and Abnormality Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 1.4: How Common Are Mental Disorders? EOM Q1.4.1 The term __________ refers to the number of active cases of a given condition or disorder that occurs during a given period of time. a) prevalence b) incidence Consider This: These figures are usually expressed as percentages. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. c) epidemic Consider This: These figures are usually expressed as percentages. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. d) standard Consider This: These figures are usually expressed as percentages. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. 34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Module: How Common Are Mental Disorders? Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q1.4.2 Why are there no comprehensive lifetime prevalence data regarding diagnosis of disorders as spelled out in the DSM-5? a) The manual has not been in use long enough to gather those data. b) The American Psychiatric Association has not allowed the data to be released to the public. Consider This: Think about when the DSM-5 was published. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. c) Insurance companies are unwilling to let the general public be informed about overall prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders. Consider This: Think about when the DSM-5 was published. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. d) It is unethical to collect data on such prevalence rates according to a single diagnostic system. Consider This: Think about when the DSM-5 was published. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q1.4.3 According to the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), which person would be most likely to suffer from more than one diagnosable psychiatric condition? a) Annabelle, who has been diagnosed with severe panic disorder b) Brian, who has been diagnosed with moderate obsessive-compulsive disorder Consider This: Comorbidity is especially high in people who have very serious forms of mental disorders. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. c) Charlene, who has been diagnosed with mild bipolar disorder Consider This: Comorbidity is especially high in people who have very serious forms of mental disorders. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. d) Dominic, whose therapist has yet to make a definitive diagnosis to describe his symptoms Consider This: Comorbidity is especially high in people who have very serious forms of mental disorders. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. 35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Module: How Common Are Mental Disorders? Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q1.4.4 According to the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), which category of psychological disorders is the most common? a) anxiety disorders b) major depressive disorder Consider This: Even though major depressive disorder, alcohol abuse, and specific phobias are the most common individual disorders, they do not represent the most prevalent category of psychological disorders. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. c) alcohol abuse disorder Consider This: Even though major depressive disorder, alcohol abuse, and specific phobias are the most common individual disorders, they do not represent the most prevalent category of psychological disorders. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. d) mood disorders Consider This: Even though major depressive disorder, alcohol abuse, and specific phobias are the most common individual disorders, they do not represent the most prevalent category of psychological disorders. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Module: How Common Are Mental Disorders? Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q1.4.5 What is meant by data indicating that anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and substance use disorders together account for 184 million DALYs? a) These disorders result in the loss of 184 million years of otherwise "healthy" life. b) These disorders result in the loss of $184 million that would otherwise be earned. Consider This: DALYs are distinguished from social and economic costs of mental illness. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. c) These disorders result in the loss of 184 million years, as estimated by the economic and social costs of these disorders. Consider This: DALYs are distinguished from social and economic costs of mental illness. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. d) These disorders result in the loss of 184 million years in therapy.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: DALYs are distinguished from social and economic costs of mental illness. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Module: How Common Are Mental Disorders? Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult End of Module Quiz 1.5: Research Approaches in Abnormal Psychology EOM Q1.5.1 While a(n) __________ condition is somewhat short in duration, a(n) __________ condition lasts for a longer period of time. a) acute; chronic b) distal; proximal Consider This: Think about the medical term for a heart attack. 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting. c) primary; secondary Consider This: Think about the medical term for a heart attack. 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting. d) explicit; implicit Consider This: Think about the medical term for a heart attack. 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting. Module: Research Approaches in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q1.5.2 What is a main reason why our understanding of mental disorders has grown so much over time? a) The methodologies used to study these conditions are constantly expanding and improving. b) We no longer rely on non-experimental techniques to study these illnesses. Consider This: How have techniques like neuroimaging contributed to our understanding of both psychiatric and medical conditions in the last 50 years? 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting. c) The ethical restrictions that once prevented such research are no longer in place. Consider This: How have techniques like neuroimaging contributed to our understanding of both psychiatric and medical conditions in the last 50 years? 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) Research journals have finally started publishing data related to the incidence and prevalence of psychiatric conditions. Consider This: How have techniques like neuroimaging contributed to our understanding of both psychiatric and medical conditions in the last 50 years? 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting. Module: Research Approaches in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q1.5.3 Which of the following statements best reflects Kazdin's quote about research methodology? a) Research methodology is an approach toward problem solving, thinking, and acquiring knowledge. b) Research methodology consistently reflects prevailing cultural interests and values. Consider This: Procedures used in research are constantly evolving. 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting. c) Research methodology is simply a compilation of practices and procedures. Consider This: Procedures used in research are constantly evolving. 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting. d) Research methodology is often plagued with scientist bias and assumptions. Consider This: Procedures used in research are constantly evolving. 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting. Module: Research Approaches in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 1.6: Sources of Information EOM Q1.6.1 Why are case studies subject to the effects of bias? a) The writer of the case study selects what information to include and omit. b) They do not lend themselves to statistical analysis, which is needed to eliminate bias. Consider This: Another concern is that the material in a case study is often relevant only to the individual being described. 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. c) They cannot use random assignment for the elimination of the effects of confounding variables.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Another concern is that the material in a case study is often relevant only to the individual being described. 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. d) People responding to the questions of a case study may give answers that they think you want to hear rather than being truly honest. Consider This: Another concern is that the material in a case study is often relevant only to the individual being described. 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. Module: Sources of Information Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q1.6.2 One of the problems with case study research is the issue of __________, or the extent to which findings in that one study can be used to draw conclusions about other, similar cases. a) generalizability b) internal validity Consider This: When there is only one observer and one subject, and when the observations are made in a relatively uncontrolled context and are anecdotal and impressionistic in nature, the conclusions we can draw are very narrow and may be mistaken. 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. c) standardization Consider This: When there is only one observer and one subject, and when the observations are made in a relatively uncontrolled context and are anecdotal and impressionistic in nature, the conclusions we can draw are very narrow and may be mistaken. 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. d) statistical relevance Consider This: When there is only one observer and one subject, and when the observations are made in a relatively uncontrolled context and are anecdotal and impressionistic in nature, the conclusions we can draw are very narrow and may be mistaken. 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. Module: Sources of Information Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q1.6.3 Theresa, a developmental psychologist, is studying nurturing play among preschool girls. She has been trained in observing certain nurturing behaviors in young girls. Theresa observes girls playing on their preschool playground and records the number of times the girls hug, hold hands, and wave at each other. This type of observation is called __________. 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a) direct observation b) indirect observation Consider This: This type of observation does not involve interaction with the subjects but does require skillful, unobtrusive observation. 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. c) guided observation Consider This: This type of observation does not involve interaction with the subjects but does require skillful, unobtrusive observation. 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. d) natural observation Consider This: This type of observation does not involve interaction with the subjects but does require skillful, unobtrusive observation. 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. Module: Sources of Information Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q1.6.4 Imagine you want to design a study to better understand whether students in your class skim the assigned textbook chapters or read them in full. What experimental method would likely lead to biased results? a) administering a survey asking students if they read the assigned chapters in detail b) administering a survey including questions that were answered in the last assigned chapter Consider This: Self-report data are limited by imperfect insight and a desire to present oneself in a positive light. 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. c) using an online textbook that monitors the amount of time students spend on each page Consider This: Self-report data are limited by imperfect insight and a desire to present oneself in a positive light. 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. d) using an fMRI to monitor students' brain activity while asking them questions about the content of the last chapter Consider This: Self-report data are limited by imperfect insight and a desire to present oneself in a positive light. 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. Module: Sources of Information Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

End of Module Quiz 1.7: Forming and Testing Hypotheses EOM Q1.7.1 What distinguishes scientific hypotheses from everyday vague speculation? a) Scientists attempt to test their hypotheses with appropriate methodologies. b) Hypotheses always become theories, while speculation usually leads to no further consideration. Consider This: Consider the basic foundation of what makes something a science. 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. c) Hypotheses are generally correct, while speculation is generally inaccurate. Consider This: Consider the basic foundation of what makes something a science. 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. d) Hypotheses are made based on theoretical data while speculation is a result of actual observations. Consider This: Consider the basic foundation of what makes something a science. 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Module: Forming and Testing Hyphotheses Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q1.7.2 Dr. Ray has just conducted a study examining suicidal thoughts and behaviors among nonheterosexual teenagers. He is very confident that the results of his study are accurate. Dr. Ray would thus say that his study has high __________. a) internal validity b) external validity Consider This: Which general term is approximately synonymous with the word "accuracy" in psychological research? 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. c) interrater reliability Consider This: Which general term is approximately synonymous with the word "accuracy" in psychological research? 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. d) test-retest reliability Consider This: Which general term is approximately synonymous with the word "accuracy" in psychological research? 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Module: Forming and Testing Hypotheses Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate 41 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q1.7.3 What is the difference between a comparison group and a criterion group in abnormal psychology research? a) The comparison group consists of people who do not exhibit the disorder being studied, while people in the criterion group do. b) The criterion group consists of people who do not exhibit the disorder being studied, while people in the comparison group do. Consider This: Remember that one of these groups of participants is also called a control group. 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. c) The comparison group is made up of those people who are observed before treatment for a disorder is given, while those in the criterion group are studied after the treatment has been given. Consider This: Remember that one of these groups of participants is also called a control group. 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. d) The criterion group is made up of those people who are observed before treatment for a disorder is given, while those in the comparison group are studied after the treatment has been given. Consider This: Remember that one of these groups of participants is also called a control group. 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis Module: Forming and Testing Hypotheses Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q1.7.4 Which of the following is likely to compromise external validity? a) if the sample includes only college males b) if the participants in the study know what the experimenters' hypothesis was Consider This: Results of a study using a very restricted population may not generalize to other groups. 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. c) if there are typos in the measures administered Consider This: Results of a study using a very restricted population may not generalize to other groups. 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. d) if the experimenter is sure his hypotheses are correct before conducting the experiment Consider This: Results of a study using a very restricted population may not generalize to other groups. 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Module: Forming and Testing Hypotheses 42 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult End of Module Quiz 1.8: Correlational Research Designs EOM Q1.8.1 When someone says that the findings of a given study are statistically significant, what are you being told? a) The study's findings were rather unlikely to have occurred by chance. b) The data gathered were capable of being analyzed using known statistical methods. Consider This: Sometimes interesting findings may have occurred randomly. We want to be sure this is not the case if we are going to use that study for decision-making purposes. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. c) There was a strong association between the two research variables that was independent of the size of the sample. Consider This: Sometimes interesting findings may have occurred randomly. We want to be sure this is not the case if we are going to use that study for decision-making purposes. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. d) The movement of one variable is a direct predictor of the movement of a second variable. Consider This: Sometimes interesting findings may have occurred randomly. We want to be sure this is not the case if we are going to use that study for decision-making purposes. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Module: Correlational Research Designs Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q1.8.2 Why is a meta-analysis a better way to summarize research findings than a standard literature review? a) The meta-analysis uses effect sizes from many different research studies. b) A meta-analysis has statistical significance, while a literature review does not. Consider This: Think of meta-analysis as a combination of findings. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. c) A meta-analysis is a form of experimental research, while a literature review is only correlational in design. Consider This: Think of meta-analysis as a combination of findings. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) A meta-analysis uses actual research participants while a literature review does not. Consider This: Think of meta-analysis as a combination of findings. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Module: Correlational Research Designs Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q1.8.3 Courtney recently learned about a correlational study that revealed that 40 percent of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia are also left-handed. What can be assumed about schizophrenia and left-handedness on the basis of this information? a) A positive correlational relationship exists between being diagnosed with schizophrenia and being left-handed. b) Being left-handed may cause schizophrenia. Consider This: Do the measures vary together in a direct, corresponding manner? 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. c) A negative correlational relationship exists between being diagnosed with schizophrenia and being left-handed. Consider This: Do the measures vary together in a direct, corresponding manner? 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. d) Left-handed persons are more likely to have psychological problems. Consider This: Do the measures vary together in a direct, corresponding manner? 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Module: Correlational Research Designs Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q1.8.4 Which of the following is an example of a negative correlation? a) As alcoholic drinks consumed increases, coordination decreases. b) As alcoholic drinks consumed increases, insobriety increases. Consider This: A positive correlation is one in which as one variable increases, another systematically increases as well. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. c) As number of hours of sleep increases, hours spent eating remains the same.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: A positive correlation is one in which as one variable increases, another systematically increases as well. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. d) As insomnia increases, fatigue increases. Consider This: A positive correlation is one in which as one variable increases, another systematically increases as well. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Module: Correlational Research Designs Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 1.9: The Experimental Method in Abnormal Psychology EOM Q1.9.1 In experimental research, a phenomenon that is observed—the outcome variable of interest—is called the __________ variable. a) dependent b) independent Consider This: This is the variable whose movement is theoretically determined by the action of the manipulated variable. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. c) extraneous Consider This: This is the variable whose movement is theoretically determined by the action of the manipulated variable. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. d) confounding Consider This: This is the variable whose movement is theoretically determined by the action of the manipulated variable. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Module: The Experimental Method in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q1.9.2 Why does experimental research allow for conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships between variables? a) There is manipulation of one variable and then observation of how another variable is affected. b) This type of research allows for the elimination of a control group. Consider This: Think of the definition of the different components that comprise an experimental research design. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. c) It is the only type of research that gathers data capable of being analyzed statistically.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Think of the definition of the different components that comprise an experimental research design. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. d) It allows for the determination of a correlational coefficient that describes the relationship between two variables. Consider This: Think of the definition of the different components that comprise an experimental research design. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Module: The Experimental Method in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q1.9.3 An experimenter wants to make sure that all of her participant groups are as similar as possible before the intervention being researched is applied. She takes her pool of participants and divides them into four different groups, making sure that each person has the same chance of being placed in any of those groups. What is the name for the procedure used to keep these groups approximately equivalent? a) random assignment b) random selection Consider This: Using this method helps to keep the relationship between the independent and dependent variables as clear as possible. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. c) snowball sampling Consider This: Using this method helps to keep the relationship between the independent and dependent variables as clear as possible. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. d) representative sampling Consider This: Using this method helps to keep the relationship between the independent and dependent variables as clear as possible. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Module: The Experimental Method in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q1.9.4 What is the central feature of a single-case research design that employs the experimental method? a) The same individual is studied over time, perhaps before and after a specific treatment has been applied. b) Records about a single individual are studied in-depth after that person's death to determine the nature of their psychological challenges. Consider This: This kind of research might involve behavioral observations at periodic intervals. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. c) Two variables are measured as they are applied to a single person, allowing for the calculation of an individual correlation coefficient.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: This kind of research might involve behavioral observations at periodic intervals. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. d) Two or more different experimental groups are designed, each with one participant. This helps eliminate external variables from influencing the research. Consider This: This kind of research might involve behavioral observations at periodic intervals. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Module: The Experimental Method in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q1.9.5 A(n) __________ study uses an approximation of a given topic as the central focus of the research. This might involve using animals and then generalizing from their behaviors to those that may be seen in human beings. a) analogue b) comparative Consider This: This kind of study might be used when the topic of interest cannot be created in an experimental or laboratory situation. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. c) zoological Consider This: This kind of study might be used when the topic of interest cannot be created in an experimental or laboratory situation. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. d) quasi-experimental Consider This: This kind of study might be used when the topic of interest cannot be created in an experimental or laboratory situation. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Module: The Experimental Method in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Chapter Quiz: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches EOC Q1.1 Prior to 1974, homosexuality was included in the DSM and classified as a mental disorder. The removal of homosexuality from the DSM is an example of __________. a) how social or cultural shifts affect how we define abnormality b) the impact of biological explanations on understanding human behavior Consider This: Collective definitions of deviance usually change over time. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. c) the recognition by the American Psychiatric Association that homosexual persons are not dangerous Consider This: Collective definitions of deviance usually change over time. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. 47 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) the failure of psychological assessment to find consistent indicators of abnormality with homosexual populations Consider This: Collective definitions of deviance usually change over time. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Module: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q1.2 During his abnormal psychology class exam, Peter began to pound the desk and make loud quacking noises. His classmates cast worried glances at the professor as Peter continued to quack and pound the desk. Which of the indicators of abnormality presented in your text best represents Peter's behaviors? a) irrationality and unpredictability b) dangerousness Consider This: Behaviors that are unorthodox or make no sense to us are likely to be considered abnormal. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. c) statistical deviancy Consider This: Behaviors that are unorthodox or make no sense to us are likely to be considered abnormal. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. d) subjective distress Consider This: Behaviors that are unorthodox or make no sense to us are likely to be considered abnormal. 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders. Module: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q1.3 How has the effort to educate the public to the fact that mental illness is a neurological disorder impacted the amount of stigma associated with the diagnosis? a) Being more aware of the origins of mental illness does not reduce the stigma associated with mental illness. b) Awareness of the causes of mental illness has led to a reduction in the amount of stigma associated with mental illness. Consider This: Impressive gains have been made in the proportion of people who now understand that mental disorders have neurobiological causes. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. c) Most persons are skeptical of scientific findings and do not fully embrace the concept of neurologically based mental illnesses and therefore maintain their original beliefs about mental illness.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Impressive gains have been made in the proportion of people who now understand that mental disorders have neurobiological causes. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. d) Media-based mental illness stereotypes militate against any efforts at educating the public about biologically based mental illness. Consider This: Impressive gains have been made in the proportion of people who now understand that mental disorders have neurobiological causes. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Module: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Approaches Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q1.4 Which groups are least likely to seek out mental health treatment as the result of perceived stigma? a) younger people, men, and ethnic minorities b) older people and religious people Consider This: Other populations likely to avoid seeking treatment include military personnel and mental health professionals. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. c) highly educated women and men Consider This: Other populations likely to avoid seeking treatment include military personnel and mental health professionals. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. d) working, married persons and the elderly Consider This: Other populations likely to avoid seeking treatment include military personnel and mental health professionals. 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification. Module: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q1.5 Some forms of psychopathology are culture-bound. For example, in Japan, an anxiety disorder called __________ involves a marked fear that one's body, body parts, or body functions may offend or embarrass others. a) taijin kyofusho b) koro Consider This: People with this disorder are often afraid of blushing or upsetting others by their gaze, facial expression, or body odor. 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. c) dhat Consider This: People with this disorder are often afraid of blushing or upsetting others by their gaze, facial expression, or body odor. 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. 49 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) shenkui Consider This: People with this disorder are often afraid of blushing or upsetting others by their gaze, facial expression, or body odor. 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders. Module: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q1.6 In epidemiological work, the number of new cases that occur over a given period of time is called __________. a) incidence b) prevalence Consider This: Pre-existing cases are excluded from this type of epidemiological estimate. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and name the most common and prevalent mental disorders. c) ratio Consider This: Pre-existing cases are excluded from this type of epidemiological estimate. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and name the most common and prevalent mental disorders. d) estimate Consider This: Pre-existing cases are excluded from this type of epidemiological estimate. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and name the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and name the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Module: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q1.7 Dr. Lopez wants to study the prevalence of schizophrenia with the population living in the south side of Chicago. He plans to count the number of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia that are living there on February 1. Individuals diagnosed before or after February 1 will not be included in the count. This method of evaluating the prevalence of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia in the south side population is called a __________. a) point prevalence b) period prevalence Consider This: This refers to the estimated proportion of actual, active cases of the disorder in a given population at a given moment in time. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and name the most common and prevalent mental disorders. 50 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c) 1-year prevalence Consider This: This refers to the estimated proportion of actual, active cases of the disorder in a given population at a given moment in time. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and name the most common and prevalent mental disorders. d) lifetime prevalence Consider This: This refers to the estimated proportion of actual, active cases of the disorder in a given population at a given moment in time. 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and name the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and name the most common and prevalent mental disorders. Module: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q1.8 Dante is interested in understanding the causes of autism spectrum disorder. In other words, he is interested in studying the __________ of autism spectrum disorder. a) etiology b) prevalence Consider This: Research assists clinicians in developing the most appropriate and effective care. 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting. c) incidence Consider This: Research assists clinicians in developing the most appropriate and effective care. 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting. d) comorbidity Consider This: Research assists clinicians in developing the most appropriate and effective care. 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting. Module: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q1.9 __________ is a method for studying the brain that involves generating a magnetic field on the surface of the head and stimulating underlying brain tissue. a) Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) b) Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Consider This: This can even take a particular area of the brain "off-line" for a few seconds and measure the behavioral consequences. 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. c) Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: This can even take a particular area of the brain "off-line" for a few seconds and measure the behavioral consequences. 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. d) Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) Consider This: This can even take a particular area of the brain "off-line" for a few seconds and measure the behavioral consequences. 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders. Module: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q1.10 __________ refers to the extent to which one can generalize the research results obtained from the sample population to other populations. a) External validity b) Internal validity Consider This: The more representative a sample is, the better it can be generalized. 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. c) Construct validity Consider This: The more representative a sample is, the better it can be generalized. 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. d) Diagnostic validity Consider This: The more representative a sample is, the better it can be generalized. 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Module: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q1.11 Dr. Ratzinger has hypothesized that thimerosal vaccines cause autism spectrum disorder (ASD). He compares a group of children who received the thimerosal vaccine and have been diagnosed with ASD to a group of children who received the thimerosal but do not have a diagnosis of ASD. The group of children with diagnosis of ASD is referred to as the __________ group; the group of children that does not have the diagnosis is referred to as the __________ group. a) criterion; comparison b) treatment; control Consider This: The two groups of children are comparable in all ways with the exception that one group has the diagnosis and the other does not. 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. 52 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c) standard; comparison Consider This: The two groups of children are comparable in all ways with the exception that one group has the diagnosis and the other does not. 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. d) experimental; criterion Consider This: The two groups of children are comparable in all ways with the exception that one group has the diagnosis and the other does not. 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis. Module: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q1.12 Which of the following statements describes what correlational research is? a) Correlational research compares groups on a variety of measures and does not involve the manipulation of variables. b) Correlational research involves holding certain variables constant in two or more groups, manipulating a single variable in one of the groups and assessing for specified differences between the groups. Consider This: Correlational research design studies the world as it is. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. c) Correlational research is a cost-effective way of proving cause and effect relationships. Consider This: Correlational research design studies the world as it is. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. d) A positive correlation reflects variable increases in a criterion group to variable decreases in a comparison group. Consider This: Correlational research design studies the world as it is. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Module: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q1.13 The strength of a correlation is measured by __________. a) a correlation coefficient, which is denoted by the symbol r b) a reliability value, which is denoted by the symbol r

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: A correlation runs from 0 to 1, with a number closer to 1 representing a stronger association between the two variables. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. c) a measure of statistical significance called a p-value, which is denoted by the symbol p Consider This: A correlation runs from 0 to 1, with a number closer to 1 representing a stronger association between the two variables. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. d) stating the results as a negative number, which suggests a weak correlation, or a positive number, which suggests a strong correlation Consider This: A correlation runs from 0 to 1, with a number closer to 1 representing a stronger association between the two variables. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Module: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q1.14 Professor Gonzalez studied the relationship between breast milk versus formula feeding during infancy to children's IQ at age 7 using a population of 100 children. Professor Gonzalez found that children who had been breastfed during infancy had significantly higher IQ scores compared to those who had been formula fed. Professor Patel repeated Gonzalez's research using 200 children in his study and found no significant differences in IQ scores between those children who had been breast versus formula fed during infancy. What concept could explain the marked differences in results of the two researchers? a) effect size b) demand characteristics Consider This: Statistical significance can be influenced by proportions of the samples when comparing findings across studies. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. c) population attrition Consider This: Statistical significance can be influenced by proportions of the samples when comparing findings across studies. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. d) retrospective shifts Consider This: Statistical significance can be influenced by proportions of the samples when comparing findings across studies. 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences. Module: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate 54 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q1.15 The rationale for providing a return to baseline during the second A phase of an ABAB research design is to __________. a) demonstrate that the behavior observed during the first B phase is attainable once again during the second B phase b) demonstrate that the behavior observed during the first A phase is attainable once again during the second A phase Consider This: The A phase in an ABAB design is the baseline phase; the B phase is the treatment phase. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. c) allow subjects a recovery period prior to engaging in treatment again Consider This: The A phase in an ABAB design is the baseline phase; the B phase is the treatment phase. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. d) evaluate for the presence of potential experimental confounds Consider This: The A phase in an ABAB design is the baseline phase; the B phase is the treatment phase. 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design. Module: Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 2: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Remember the Facts

Understand the Concepts

Apply What You Know

Analyze It

Multiple Choice

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18

6, 7, 9

8, 14, 15, 16

Short Answer

Learning Objective

Question Type

Introduction

Multiple Choice Short Answer Essay

2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders.

Essay 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums.

Multiple Choice

77 19, 20, 23, 24

Short Answer

Essay 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform.

Multiple Choice

25, 28, 29, 30, 27, 31, 32, 33 34

Short Answer

68, 69

Essay 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders.

70 78

Multiple Choice

35, 41, 43, 44, 36, 39, 40, 42 45, 46

Short Answer

Essay

38, 47, 48, 49

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

2.5 Identify developments Multiple Choice that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Short Answer

53, 54, 55, 56, 50, 58, 59, 60, 57, 61, 63, 64 62

74, 75, 76

Essay

51 73 79

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 2: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Archaeology and early writings indicate that the first people to think of the brain as the site of mental functions were the __________. a. ancient Egyptians b. ancient Greeks c. Chinese d. Hebrews Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: The First Views of Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. Early writings show that the Chinese, Egyptians, Hebrews, and Greeks often attributed abnormal behavior to __________. a. poor parenting b. physical disease c. demonic possession d. chemical imbalance in the brain Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Demonology, Gods, and Magic Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3. In ancient societies, if a person’s abnormal conduct consisted of speech that appeared to have a religious or mystical significance, then the person was __________. a. shunned from society and thought to be possessed by an evil spirit b. considered a witch c. treated with awe and respect d. assumed to have a heart defect Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Demonology, Gods, and Magic Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

4. Prayer, incantations, and noise-making were all techniques for __________. a. altering a person’s brain functioning b. improving a person’s dreams c. helping a person internalize good spirits d. conducting an exorcism Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Demonology, Gods, and Magic Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 5. Who is considered the father of modern medicine, and shifted the view of the origins of mental disorder from supernatural forces to problems in the human body? a. Aristotle b. Hippocrates c. Plato d. Alexander Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Hippocrates’ Early Medical Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 6. Basil often appears agitated. His brother, Homer, notes his chronic state of irritability. According to the doctrine of the four humors, which humor might explain Basil’s behavior? a. Blood b. Phlegm c. Black bile d. Bile Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Hippocrates’ Early Medical Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 7. According to early beliefs, what would characterize an individual with an excess of phlegm? a. Calmness b. Schizophrenia c. Irritability d. Cheerfulness Answer: a 4 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Hippocrates’ Early Medical Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 8. Which of the following statements describes how the four humors were used to explain the concept of temperament? a. Fluids were tested by drawing blood and using a system of weights and balances to determine the most dominant humor. b. A person’s natural physical response (hot, cold, sweat, dry) after exposure to earth, air, fire, or water revealed the dominant humor. c. The four fluids combined in different proportions within individuals, and temperament was determined by the most dominant humor. d. This system of measurement was the first indication that ancient people recognized the significance of the brain in determining behavior. Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Hippocrates’ Early Medical Concepts Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 9. Cleades was feeling depressed and sought help from Hippocrates. Hippocrates would probably have __________. a. prescribed the roots of certain plants and unusual elixirs b. recommended a high-protein diet, rich in animal meat c. prescribed exercise, tranquility, and celibacy d. performed an exorcism Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Hippocrates’ Early Medical Concepts Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 10. Plato was one of the first to argue for __________. a. institutionalization of the mentally ill b. demonic possession in mental illness c. hospital care for those with beliefs counter to societal norms d. the use of bleeding as a treatment for mental illness Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. 5 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Early Philosophical Conceptualizations of Abnormal Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 11. One of Aristotle’s major contributions to psychology was __________. a. his belief that dreams explained most mental disorders b. his theory that psychological disorders were due to psychological rather than physical factors c. his description of personality traits d. his description of consciousness Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Early Philosophical Conceptualizations of Abnormal Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 12. The Greek physician Galen is credited with __________. a. providing the first biological explanation for mental disorders b. performing the first human autopsies c. arguing against the validity of the doctrine of the four humors d. separating the causes of psychological disorders into physical and mental categories Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Early Philosophical Conceptualizations of Abnormal Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 13. Chung Ching wrote two well-known medical works around A.D. 200 and has been referred to as the __________ of China. a. Aristotle b. Galen c. Plato d. Hippocrates Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Early Chinese Conceptualizations of Abnormal Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 6 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

14. Compared to views of mental illness in the West, those in China during the “Dark Ages” __________. a. reached a sophisticated level; but they regressed to a belief in evil-spirit possession, although not for as long as in the West, and with less severe treatment for patients b. began at a less sophisticated level; and they regressed to a belief in supernatural forces, as in the West, although this occurred earlier and with a more negative reaction to patients c. were always that mental illness was due to supernatural forces, a belief still prevalent in modern-day China d. were always more sophisticated, with the focus on medical causes and humane treatment Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Early Chinese Conceptualizations of Abnormal Behavior Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 15. Which of the following statements about the treatment of abnormal behavior in the Middle Ages is accurate? a. Although the Hippocratic tradition was continued in most of Europe, Islamic countries emphasized demonology. b. Scientific reasoning and humane treatments were valued in both European and Islamic societies. c. Islamic forms of treatment were more humane than European approaches. d. The Chinese emphasized prayer, the Europeans emphasized exercise, and the Islamic peoples emphasized balancing the four bodily humors. Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Views of Abnormality During the Middle Ages Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 16. The ancient physician __________ was the author of __________, the most widely studied medical work ever written. a. Hippocrates; First, Do No Harm b. Galen; Mental Illness and the Brain c. Chung Ching; Balancing the Yin and Yang d. Avicenna; The Canon of Medicine Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Views of Abnormality During the Middle Ages Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 7 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 17. A common treatment for mental illness during the Middle Ages in Europe was administered by a __________ and consisted of __________. a. priest; prayer, holy water, and the laying on of hands b. scientist; fresh air and supportive surroundings c. surgeon; brain surgery and banishment to an asylum for the mentally ill d. physician; psychoanalytic dream interpretation Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Views of Abnormality During the Middle Ages Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 18. Recent historical reviews of the literature indicate that the typical accused witch in the Middle Ages in Europe was __________. a. a person we would now diagnose with a severe mental illness b. a priest who was a rival of a more powerful clergyman c. an ill-tempered, impoverished woman d. a person who today would be viewed as cognitively challenged Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Views of Abnormality During the Middle Ages Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 19. __________ was a Swiss physician from the early 1500s who criticized the idea that mental illness was due to demonic possession and instead insisted that it was a treatable disease. a. Paracelsus b. Galen c. Weyer d. Hippocrates Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Topic: The Resurgence of Scientific Questioning in Europe Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 20. In the late 1500s, Johann Weyer, considered the founder of modern psychopathology, __________. a. was a popular writer who argued that mental illness was due to demonic possession 8 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. was a popular writer and physician who argued that mental illness was due to imbalances in the four humors c. wrote a book that was condemned by many, arguing that those accused of engaging in witchcraft were mentally ill d. wrote a book that was scorned by many, arguing that mental illness was due to bodily magnetism Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Topic: The Resurgence of Scientific Questioning in Europe Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 21. Which of the following statements describes the original purpose for placing individuals in asylums? a. to remove troublesome individuals from society who could not care for themselves b. to protect society from the dangerous nature of the mentally ill c. to offer humanitarian treatment to those afflicted with mental illnesses d. to offer scientifically sound approaches to the treatment of mental disorders Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Topic: The Establishment of Early Asylums Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 22. You are completing a research project on the history of mental illness for your psychology course. Based on your reading, if you visited an asylum in sixteenth-century Europe, you would likely find __________. a. a place that mixed together the mentally ill, the poor, criminals, and the physically ill b. exorcisms being done by priests c. a place where people were given good food, work, and rest, so that they could recover d. a warehouse of mentally ill people living and dying in conditions of filth and cruelty Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Topic: The Establishment of Early Asylums Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 23. “Bedlam” in London was one of several hospitals for the mentally ill that __________. a. administered physiological treatments to the mentally ill 9 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. exhibited its violent patients on public display for a profit c. viewed itself as a religious house for the demonically possessed d. allowed patients a lot of freedom Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Topic: The Establishment of Early Asylums Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 24. The Public Hospital in Williamsburg, Virginia, was the first hospital in the United States devoted exclusively to the mentally ill, and held to a treatment philosophy that __________. a. patients needed to choose rationality over insanity, with aggressive treatment techniques designed to intimidate patients b. patients were demonically possessed and needed to be made uncomfortable in order to force the demons to leave c. patients were medically ill and needed physiological treatments d. patients were basically animals and should be treated as such Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Topic: The Establishment of Early Asylums Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 25. Shackling and chaining a patient to a wall with little food or heat would be most typical of __________, while humanitarian treatment would be most typical of __________. a. the early asylums in Europe; the hospitals run by Philippe Pinel b. the sanatoriums of Alexandria, Egypt; Bedlam in London c. the hospitals run by Philippe Pinel; the early asylums in Europe d. the treatment advocated by Hippocrates; the early asylums in the United States Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Pinel’s Experiment and Tuke’s Work in England Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 26. Which of the following statements exemplifies the beliefs of French physician Philippe Pinel? a. Mental illness was due to possession by demons, and exorcism was the only useful treatment. b. Mentally ill patients needed to choose rationality over insanity, so treatment was aimed at making their lives as patients uncomfortable. 10 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. Mental patients were ill and needed to be treated as such—with kindness and caring. d. Mental illness was purely a physiological phenomenon and could only be treated by physical means such as bloodletting. Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Pinel’s Experiment and Tuke’s Work in England Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 27. Regarding the contributions of William Tuke to the treatment of the mentally ill, which of the following is true? a. He established the York Retreat, a residential house for the mentally ill that battled against brutality and ignorance, and incorporated the religious beliefs of the Quakers. b. Tuke’s York Retreat was fashioned after the Christian belief that all people are creatures of God and must be treated with care. c. He introduced trained nurses to head mental health nursing staffs. d. He decried the practice of chaining mental patients in dark dungeons, instead favoring the use of straightjackets and placing them in brightly lit rooms. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Pinel’s Experiment and Tuke’s Work in England Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 28. Who is considered the founder of American psychiatry? a. William Tuke b. Dorothea Dix c. Benjamin Rush d. Clifford Beers Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Rush and Moral Management in America Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 29. Benjamin Rush, who encouraged more humane treatment of the mentally ill in the United States, used as his principal remedies __________. a. rest and talk b. bloodletting and the tranquilizing chair c. exorcism and purging d. the tranquilizer chair and relaxation Answer: b 11 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Rush and Moral Management in America Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 30. Stemming from the work of Pinel and Tuke, moral management treatment __________. a. focused on the physiological problems that mental patients supposedly had, rather than their mental state b. focused on the symptoms that mental patients had, rather than on their moral character c. focused on warehousing and punishing mental patients, so that they would choose to become well d. focused on the moral and spiritual development of mental patients, rather than on their disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Rush and Moral Management in America Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 31. Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the moral management approach to treating the physical and mental disorders of mentally ill patients? a. Patients would be given the choice between two different types of medications. b. Patients could select the frequency and duration of rehabilitative treatment. c. Patients attended spiritual discussions and engaged in manual labor tasks. d. Patients were required to attend weekly group therapy sessions. Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Rush and Moral Management in America Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 32. Which of the following individuals increased the availability of treatment for the mentally ill in the United States, particularly those consigned to prisons and mental institutions. a. Dorothea Dix b. Benjamin Rush c. Emil Kraepelin d. Philippe Pinel Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Dix and the Mental Hygiene Movement 12 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 33. Which of the following approaches to treatment focuses almost exclusively on the physical well-being of hospitalized patients? a. Moral management b. Mental hygiene c. Humanitarian d. Deinstitutionalization Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Dix and the Mental Hygiene Movement Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 34. Dorothea Dix __________. a. urged that religious conversion should be a primary means of treatment for the mentally disturbed b. was a major impediment to the mental hygiene movement in the United States c. was a leading force in the emphasis on finding biological cures for mental disorders d. is credited with establishing numerous humane mental hospitals in at least 20 states Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Dix and the Mental Hygiene Movement Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 35. In the early nineteenth century, psychiatrists were referred to as __________ and held a relatively inconsequential role in the care of the insane and the management of asylums. a. alienists b. lunatics c. soothsayers d. purgatists Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Nineteenth Century Views of Mental Disorders and the Increasing Role of Psychiatrists Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 36. What did psychiatrists in the mid to late nineteenth century believe was the primary cause of emotional problems? a. An imbalance of the four humors b. The depletion of bodily energies as a result of excesses in living c. Untreated brain damage during birth d. The rejection of religious values Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Nineteenth Century Views of Mental Disorders and the Increasing Role of Psychiatrists Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 37. Imagine that it is 1885. Patrick complains of “shattered nerves.” He is lacking in energy and shows low mood. Physicians specializing in mental conditions (alienists) would likely view Patrick as __________. a. a morally deficient individual b. suffering from neurasthenia c. suffering from hysteria d. untreatable, because the condition is biological Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Nineteenth Century Views of Mental Disorders and the Increasing Role of Psychiatrists Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 38. The “neurasthenia” recognized in the 1800s resembles today’s diagnosis of __________. a. anxiety b. schizophrenia c. bipolar disorder d. depression Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Nineteenth Century Views of Mental Disorders and the Increasing Role of Psychiatrists Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

39. By the end of the nineteenth century, __________. a. effective treatments had been developed for many forms of mental illness b. alienists had taken control of insane asylums and incorporated moral management therapy c. asylums were recognized as humanitarian institutions that served an important function d. most mental hospitals effectively addressed the physical needs of patients but ignored other needs Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Nineteenth Century Views of Mental Disorders and the Increasing Role of Psychiatrists Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 40. At the start of the twentieth century in America, the fate of patients with mental illness __________. a. was filled with hope and enlightened humanity b. was fraught with labels suggesting “tainted genes” and divine retribution c. inspired a belief that the mentally ill were incurable and should be executed or jailed for the rest of their lives d. was neither uniform nor entirely positive Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 41. Clifford Beers is best known for __________. a. developing the first effective antidepressant b. his tireless efforts leading to the establishment of over thirty mental hospitals c. his vigorous rejection of the Victorian idea that sexual fantasies caused mental disorders d. publicizing the brutality that many mental patients experienced from being restrained in straitjackets Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 42. During the first half of the twentieth century, __________. 15 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. a substantial number of asylums and mental hospitals were established b. most of the institutionalized mentally ill received moral therapy c. hospital stays for the mentally ill tended to be brief d. mental hospitals housed very few people Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 43. During the first half of the twentieth century, mental hospital care would best be characterized as __________. a. effective and brief in duration b. humane and long in duration c. moral and brief in duration d. punitive and long in duration Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 44. Which of the following served to publicize the plight of the mentally ill in the mid-1940s? a. The publication of A Mind That Found Itself b. The publication of The Snake Pit c. Research funded by the National Institutes of Mental Health d. The passage of the Community Health Services Act Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 45. The __________ was organized in 1946 and provided active support for research and clinical training programs. a. American Psychiatric Association b. American Psychological Association c. National Association of Clinical Psychiatry d. National Institutes of Mental Health Answer: d 16 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 46. The Hill-Burton Act __________. a. ended the moral hygiene movement b. contributed to the practice of warehousing the mentally ill c. provided funding for community mental health hospitals d. legislated the creation of 50 percent more inpatient facilities for the mentally ill Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 47. Which of the following events of the twentieth century triggered an increased emphasis on reforming mental hospital environments? a. The passage of the Beers-Tuke Mental Health Act b. The development and use of antipsychotics and mood stabilizers c. The creation of the National Institutes of Mental Health d. The doubling of the residential population in psychiatric hospitals Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 48. The rationale behind deinstitutionalization was __________. a. the belief that physicians could better medicate and give physical treatment to patients in their own homes b. the concern that the mentally ill were taking escapist refuge in mental hospitals and developing a permanent and chronic dependence on the psychiatric community c. the belief that most mental patients were faking it and would cease to do so if they were not “rewarded” by being allowed to stay in a hospital d. the concern that mental hospitals were such unpleasant places that, for mental patients, living on their own could only be better Answer: b

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 49. Which of the following was an unintended effect of the deinstitutionalization movement? a. A large number of psychiatric hospitals remained open. b. Mental hospital populations were re-institutionalized in medical hospitals. c. Most of the services once offered on an inpatient basis were available at community health centers. d. Many of those released into the community went from institutionalization to homelessness to incarceration. Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 50. Which of the following is recognized as a major biomedical breakthrough in psychopathology because it established the link between mental and physical illnesses? a. The discovery of the cause of, and later a cure for, general paresis (syphilis of the brain) b. The discovery of penicillin as a cure for syphilis c. The development of electroshock therapy for general paresis (syphilis of the brain) d. The discovery that brain injuries could be associated with mental disorders Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 51. The use of malarial fever to treat paresis __________. a. is an example of the barbaric treatment that mental patients received at the beginning of the twentieth century b. proved to be so ineffectual that many professionals abandoned the biological explanation of mental disorders c. represented the first clear-cut defeat of a mental disorder by medicine d. was the first time scientists used knowledge of brain chemistry to develop specific drugs for treating mental disorders 18 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 52. Why was Julius von Wagner-Jauregg’s malarial therapy effective in treating general paresis? a. The high fever that was induced killed off the bacteria causing the observed symptoms. b. General paresis was caused by malaria, and malarial therapy triggered an immune response that destroyed the existing infection. c. Malarial therapy prevented the syphilis spirochetes from entering the brain. d. There is no known treatment for general paresis. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 53. The surgical procedure used in the United States by Walter Freeman to treat severe mental disorders, one that initially involved the use of an ice pick, is known as a __________. a. psychocraniumotomy b. cranial dissection c. lobotomy d. pickectomy Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 54. Emil Kraepelin is credited with __________. a. discovering that penicillin was an effective treatment for malaria b. determining the cause of senile dementia c. developing the first classification system for mental disorders d. writing the first edition of the DSM Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: The Development of a Classification System for Mental Disorders 19 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 55. The first classification of mental disorders involved __________. a. identifying the biological causes of the disorders, so a person could be tested for them b. understanding the theoretical descriptions of different disorders c. recognizing symptoms that occurred together often enough to be regarded as a type of mental disorder d. identifying the types of thoughts that people with different mental illnesses tended to have Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: The Development of a Classification System for Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 56. The ancestral roots of what we now know as psychoanalysis can be traced back to __________. a. the study of hypnosis b. early beliefs in demonology and possession c. the discovery of the cause of general paresis d. Dorothea Dix Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 57. Franz Mesmer was a proponent of __________. a. humanitarianism b. community mental health clinics c. the mental hygiene movement d. planetary influence on magnetic fluid in the body Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy 20 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 58. Sigmund Freud and Josef Breuer proposed that allowing patients to discuss their problems under hypnosis would provide a therapeutic emotional release. What is this emotional release called? a. Free association b. Catharsis c. Dream analysis d. Mesmerism Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 59. The study of hypnosis and its relationship to hysteria was the starting point for __________. a. the medical model b. the biological classification of mental disorders c. psychoanalysis d. the mental hygiene movement Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 60. In 1893, Breuer and Freud published a paper on hysteria. In it, they announced that __________. a. unconscious factors can determine behavior and produce mental disorders b. hysteria was caused by hypnosis c. hysteria and hypnosis were both the result of neurological abnormalities d. many forms of mental disorder are the conscious result of seeking attention from others Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate 21 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 61. Freud was the first to describe __________, a part of the mind that could contain information of which the mind itself is unaware, but by which it is still affected. a. catharsis b. the unconscious c. hysteria d. operant conditioning Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 62. Free association and dream analysis __________. a. are techniques typically used with hypnotized subjects b. provide insight into the workings of the unconscious c. were developed in the early 1800s d. have been used extensively in behavioral therapy Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 63. Who established the first experimental psychology laboratory? a. Wilhelm Wundt b. John Watson c. Sigmund Freud d. Emil Kraepelin Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: The Evolution of the Psychological Research Tradition: Experimental Psychology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 22 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

64. Lightner Witmer is credited with __________. a. establishing psychology as a field in the United States b. bringing psychoanalysis to the United States c. writing the first psychology text d. being the founder of clinical psychology Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: The Evolution of the Psychological Research Tradition: Experimental Psychology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. SHORT ANSWER 65. What was the most common explanation for abnormal behavior among many ancient peoples, including the Chinese, Egyptians, Hebrews, and Greeks? Answer: The most common explanation was possession by a demon or a god. Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: The First Views of Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 66. How did people in the Middle Ages view physical and spiritual possession differently? Answer: People who experienced physical possession were mentally ill and considered mad, while those who experienced spiritual possession were witches and were often punished or put to death. Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Views of Abnormality During the Middle Ages Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 67. What was Bedlam? Answer: Bedlam was an asylum in London that became well-known for its deplorable conditions and practices. It was typical of many asylums of the sixteenth century that served primarily as storage facilities for the mentally ill.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Topic: The Establishment of Early Asylums Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 68. Who was Benjamin Rush? Answer: Benjamin Rush is credited with encouraging the use of more humane treatment of the mentally ill in the United States. He was the first American to organize a course in psychiatry, and although some of his practices may have been less than humane, he is recognized as a transitional figure between the poor treatment of the old era and the humane approaches of the new. Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Rush and Moral Management in America Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 69. What was moral management? Answer: Moral management was an approach to the care of the mentally ill that emerged in the early part of the humanitarian reform period. It focused on addressing the patient’s social, individual, and occupational needs. Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Rush and Moral Management in America Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 70. What contributions did Dorothea Dix make to the treatment of the mentally ill? Answer: Between 1841 and 1881, Dorothea Dix brought to light the inhuman treatment the mentally ill usually received and persuaded legislatures to fund the building of many mental hospitals. She is credited with improving conditions in American hospitals, establishing 32 mental hospitals, and fostering the growth of the mental hygiene movement in the United States. Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Dix and the Mental Hygiene Movement Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 24 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

71. Who was Clifford Beers? Answer: Clifford Beers was a former mental patient who wrote about his personal struggles and mistreatment in three different institutions. He helped change attitudes about the mentally ill and their treatment, particularly the horrors of restraint using a straitjacket. Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 72. What was the attitude about hospitalization of the mentally ill during the later decades of the twentieth century? Answer: It was preferable to treat people in the community, and treatment should be deinstitutionalized—although it was not the perfect solution it was once thought to be. Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 73. Why was the discovery of the malarial treatment for general paresis important? Answer: It was the first scientifically demonstrated connection between a mental illness and brain pathology. Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 74. Who was Emil Kraepelin? Answer: Emil Kraepelin was the first to recognize that certain symptoms occurred regularly together and to begin the classification of mental disorders. Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: The Development of a Classification System for Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 75. What contribution to our thinking about abnormal behavior did Sigmund Freud and Josef Breuer make? Answer: They made the discovery of the unconscious and argued that processes outside a person’s awareness could help determine behavior. They showed that emotional tensions that patients were not aware of could cause hysteria. Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 76. Who was Wilhelm Wundt? Answer: Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental psychology laboratory. Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: The Evolution of the Psychological Research Tradition: Experimental Psychology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. ESSAY 77. Abnormal behavior has often been attributed to the influence of supernatural forces. Describe and differentiate between how these forces were used to explain abnormal behavior during various time periods and the treatments that resulted. Answer: Early writings of the Egyptians, Chinese, Hebrews, and Greeks show that they attributed such behavior to possession by a demon or god. This was treated with exorcism. In the Middle Ages, the clergy were largely responsible for treatment, because possession was considered causal. In fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Europe, witchcraft became another, related explanation, for which torture, burning, and other such methods were used. Recent historical analyses, however, suggest that the mentally ill may not have been taken to be witches, as was once often thought. Even in contemporary culture, one can find those who believe that supernatural forces cause psychological problems. Exorcisms are still occasionally practiced. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 5 points each for a discussion of the use of supernatural explanations during two different time periods. Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. 26 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: The First Views of Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 78. What was moral management? What caused its near abandonment in the second part of the nineteenth century? Answer: Moral management was a broad treatment that included a patient’s social, individual, and occupational needs. The moral and spiritual development of patients was a focus. More emphasis was placed on patients’ character than on their disorder. Typical treatments were spiritual discussion and manual labor. And it was surprisingly effective. It was abandoned because of changing attitudes toward the mentally ill and the increasing size of hospitals. The mental hygiene movement and advances in biomedical science also contributed to its decrease in popularity. The focus on physical and biological explanations and care meant that other factors in a patient’s life were considered irrelevant. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 5 for each part of the question. Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Pinel’s Experiment and Tuke’s Work in England Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 79. Explain how the link between the brain and mental disorders was first established. Answer: While Hippocrates and others had long proposed that mental disorders had some physical cause, it was not until the 1800s that a clear link between a physical disease process and mental illness was established. This finding then paved the way for further exploration of how brain malfunctions could result in mental illness. General paresis was an illness that produced paralysis, insanity, and, typically, death within two to five years. This mental illness was recognized as a specific type of mental disorder in 1825. Thus, it was recognized as a unique disorder, and attempts could then be made to treat it. It was eventually recognized that this illness was caused by syphilis. This is the first documented link between an identifiable brain infection and mental illness. With this finding, and the rising influence of modern experimental science, the investigation of brain pathology as the cause of mental illness began in earnest. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total. Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module Quiz 2.1: The First Views of Mental Disorders EOM Q2.1.1 Which of the following types of psychological difficulties has posed major problems to all societies, with historical evidence of the disorder within Western civilization for over 2,000 years and even some evidence within writings from ancient Egypt? a) depression b) kleptomania Consider This: Although views of the disorder have shifted over time, key symptoms can be identified in early writings. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. c) intermittent explosive disorder Consider This: Although views of the disorder have shifted over time, key symptoms can be identified in early writings. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. d) agoraphobia Consider This: Although views of the disorder have shifted over time, key symptoms can be identified in early writings. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Module: The First Views of Mental Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q2.1.2 Although many early societies believed that mental illness was a sign of spiritual possession, people with such conditions were often treated with considerable awe and respect. Why? a) It was believed that they had supernatural powers. b) There were no treatments for such possession, so those afflicted were seen to "represent the wrath and punishment of God." Consider This: If a person's speech or behavior appeared to have a religious or mystical significance, it was usually thought that he or she was possessed by a good spirit or god. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. c) It was understood that these people were witches, and treating them badly could lead to deadly punishments. Consider This: If a person's speech or behavior appeared to have a religious or mystical significance, it was usually thought that he or she was possessed by a good spirit or god. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. d) There were writings from physicians like Hippocrates that supernatural possession was a sign of tremendous intelligence.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: If a person's speech or behavior appeared to have a religious or mystical significance, it was usually thought that he or she was possessed by a good spirit or god. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Module: The First Views of Mental Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q2.1.3 Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, classified all mental disorders into three categories. What were they? a) mania, melancholia, and phrenitis b) anxiety, depression, and psychosis Consider This: One of the three categories of Hippocrates referred to a fever of the brain. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. c) neurosis, psychosis, and delusion Consider This: One of the three categories of Hippocrates referred to a fever of the brain. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. d) phlebitis, sanguine, and melancholia Consider This: One of the three categories of Hippocrates referred to a fever of the brain. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Module: The First Views of Mental Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q2.1.4 Jordan lives in the time of Hippocrates and has been demonstrating the symptoms of a mental illness. If he is to be treated by the famed physician, which of the following would be recommended as part of his recovery? a) removing Jordan from his family during his treatment b) a diet high in meat content to create a protein boost in his blood Consider This: Hippocrates recognized the importance of one's environment in the development of and treatment of mental illness. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. c) a regular course of increased sexual activity Consider This: Hippocrates recognized the importance of one's environment in the development of and treatment of mental illness. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. d) abstinence from exercise to avoid overexertion Consider This: Hippocrates recognized the importance of one's environment in the development of and treatment of mental illness. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Module: The First Views of Mental Disorders Skill Level: Apply 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q2.1.5 How did early Chinese medicine differ from some other cultures—Hebrews and Egyptians, for example—in their understanding of mental illnesses? a) Chinese medicine was based on a belief in natural rather than supernatural causes of illnesses. b) Chinese medicine was focused on invasive surgical methods, while other cultures emphasized non-invasive methods. Consider This: A Chinese physician during this era may have been unlikely to believe in the effectiveness of an exorcism. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. c) Chinese medicine examined the way herbal remedies could be used to treat such conditions, while other cultures placed no stock in these approaches. Consider This: A Chinese physician during this era may have been unlikely to believe in the effectiveness of an exorcism. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. d) Chinese physicians were required to be trained and certified spiritual leaders (i.e., priests) in order to treat the mentally ill, while other cultures had no such requirement. Consider This: A Chinese physician during this era may have been unlikely to believe in the effectiveness of an exorcism. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Module: The First Views of Mental Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 2.2: Views of Abnormal Behavior in the 1500s and 1600s EOM Q2.2.1 Why does Johann Weyer have the reputation as the founder of modern psychopathology even though he was a German physician and writer from the early 1500s? a) He specialized in the study and attempted treatment of people with mental illness. b) He argued that people who were exhibiting odd behaviors were using witchcraft. Consider This: Weyers's views of the mentally ill were ahead of his time, and his works were banned by the Church until the twentieth century. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. c) He believed that the moon exerted a supernatural influence over the brain. Consider This: Weyers's views of the mentally ill were ahead of his time, and his works were banned by the Church until the twentieth century. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. d) He argued for deinstitutionalization. Consider This: Weyers's views of the mentally ill were ahead of his time, and his works were banned by the Church until the twentieth century. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Module: Views of Abnormal Behavior in the 1500s and 1600s 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q2.2.2 Starting in the sixteenth century, people considered to be "insane" were housed in __________. a) asylums b) inpatient units Consider This: These housing units were created to help house the mentally ill who were unable to live independently. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. c) churches Consider This: These housing units were created to help house the mentally ill who were unable to live independently. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. d) homeless Consider This: These housing units were created to help house the mentally ill who were unable to live independently. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Module: Views of Abnormal Behavior in the 1500s and 1600s Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q2.2.3 Which of the following can help explain why treatment techniques within asylums tended to be aggressive and cruel? a) The philosophy of treatment at the time held that patients could choose rationality over mental illness. b) People believed that the mentally ill had become ill due to unethical behaviors. Consider This: Treatments at the time were designed to intimidate patients to help them overcome mental illness. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. c) No other forms of treatment were effective. Consider This: Treatments at the time were designed to intimidate patients to help them overcome mental illness. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. d) The philosophy of treatment at the time held that aggressive patients should be met with aggression. Consider This: Treatments at the time were designed to intimidate patients to help them overcome mental illness. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. 31 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Module: Views of Abnormal Behavior in the 1500s and 1600s Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 2.3: Humanitarian Reform EOM Q2.3.1 Which physician, placed in charge of La Bicêtre hospital in Paris, began the humanitarian reform by unchaining patients and treating them with kindness and consideration? a) Philippe Pinel b) William Tuke Consider This: This individual also improved the classification schema for mental disorders and examined the causes of such conditions. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. c) Benjamin Rush Consider This: This individual also improved the classification schema for mental disorders and examined the causes of such conditions. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. d) Dorothea Dix Consider This: This individual also improved the classification schema for mental disorders and examined the causes of such conditions. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Module: Humanitarian Reforms Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q2.3.2 During the early period of humanitarian reform, the use of __________ became relatively widespread. This involved focusing on a patient's social, individual, and occupational needs and also emphasized rehabilitating a patient's "character" as part of their treatment. a) moral management b) milieu therapy Consider This: Spiritual development was also an important part of this approach. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. c) case management Consider This: Spiritual development was also an important part of this approach. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. d) institutionalization Consider This: Spiritual development was also an important part of this approach. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Module: Humanitarian Reform 32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q2.3.3 Which experiences led Dorothea Dix to undertake a rigorous campaign to reform policies that resulted in the inhumane treatment of mentally ill persons? a) She taught in a women's prison and became familiar with the deplorable conditions in jails, almshouses, and asylums. b) She was mentally ill herself and underwent torturous treatment before eventually recovering. Consider This: Dix saw that mentally ill people and criminals were often treated in exactly the same way. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. c) She was the first elected governor of Massachusetts and, as a part of her political responsibilities, had to tour the publicly-funded facilities in her state, including prisons and hospitals. Consider This: Dix saw that mentally ill people and criminals were often treated in exactly the same way. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. d) She was a psychiatrist from the state of New Hampshire, and her final training facility was a mental institution where people were tortured as part of their treatments. Consider This: Dix saw that mentally ill people and criminals were often treated in exactly the same way. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Module: Humanitarian Reform Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 2.4: Views of the Causes and Treatments of Mental Disorders in the 1800s and 1900s EOM Q2.4.1 Which of the following best describes the beliefs of psychiatrists in the early nineteenth century? a) Mental disorders arise from nervous exhaustion, or the depletion of bodily energies after excesses in living. b) Mental disorders arise from biological abnormalities. Consider This: During this time, psychiatrists believed that Victorian morality was important for good mental health. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. c) Mental disorders arise from bad parenting. Consider This: During this time, psychiatrists believed that Victorian morality was important for good mental health. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. d) Mental disorders arise from supernatural causes. Consider This: During this time, psychiatrists believed that Victorian morality was important for good mental health. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Module: Views of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders in the 1800s and 1900s Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM 2.4.2 Asylums, by Erving Goffman, The Snake Pit, by Jane Ward, and A Mind That Found Itself, by Clifford Beers were each influential in drawing attention to __________. a) inhumane aspects of institutionalized mental health care in the U.S. b) inhumane aspects of mental health care in other parts of the world Consider This: Works such as these contributed to the passage of reform legislation such as the Community Mental Health Act. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. c) the potential pitfalls of deinstitutionalization Consider This: Works such as these contributed to the passage of reform legislation such as the Community Mental Health Act. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. d) similarities between straitjackets and chains Consider This: Works such as these contributed to the passage of reform legislation such as the Community Mental Health Act. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Module: Views of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders in the 1800s and 1900s Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q2.4.3 During the latter half of the twentieth century, what movement caused a large number of psychiatric, state, and county mental hospitals to close? a) deinstitutionalization b) humanitarian reform Consider This: During this time period, vigorous efforts were made to close down a large number of psychiatric institutions. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. c) privatization of health care Consider This: During this time period, vigorous efforts were made to close down a large number of psychiatric institutions. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. d) institutionalization Consider This: During this time period, vigorous efforts were made to close down a large number of psychiatric institutions. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. 34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Module: Views of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders in the 1800s and 1900s EOM Q2.4.4 Which of the following pieces of legislation was a program that funded community mental health hospitals, passed in the mid-1900s? a) the Hill-Burton Act b) the Country Asylums Act Consider This: This legislation, in combination with others, helped to create a system of outpatient facilities that would help people in their own communities. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. c) the Francis Sumner Law Consider This: This legislation, in combination with others, helped to create a system of outpatient facilities that would help people in their own communities. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. d) the NIMH Act Consider This: This legislation, in combination with others, helped to create a system of outpatient facilities that would help people in their own communities. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Module: Views of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders in the 1800s and 1900s Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q2.4.5 Emil is a psychiatrist in the early 1800s. What will his role be in the treatment of the patients of the asylum where he works? a) He will be relatively inconsequential in the care of the insane who are housed at the facility. b) He will probably be the head of the facility, as no other individuals in that era were interested in helping the mentally ill. Consider This: Those with expertise are not always the ones who make the most important decisions. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. c) His job will be to bathe and feed the patients only. Anything resembling treatment will be nonexistent. Consider This: Those with expertise are not always the ones who make the most important decisions. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. d) He will be the supervisor of all of the "lay-therapists" in the facility, making sure that patients are given adequate care and humane treatment.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Those with expertise are not always the ones who make the most important decisions. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Module: Views of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders in the 1800s and 1900s Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 2.5: The Emergence of Modern Views of Abnormal Behavior EOM Q2.5.1 How did physicians in the late nineteenth century come to identify a relationship between mental illnesses and physical conditions? a) They injected people who suffered from general paresis with material from syphilis sores and found that these patients did not subsequently develop syphilis. b) They labeled the first identified neurotransmitter, serotonin, and recognized its relationship to mood and anxious disorders. Consider This: The research in question addressed a medical ailment that often caused death within 2 to 5 years after onset of symptoms. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) They saw that people suffering from schizophrenia often showed complete remission of symptoms after being injected with large doses of insulin and experiencing a related "insulin seizure." Consider This: The research in question addressed a medical ailment that often caused death within 2 to 5 years after onset of symptoms. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) They created a new intervention, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), that was successful in the treatment of hysterical syndrome disorder. Consider This: The research in question addressed a medical ailment that often caused death within 2 to 5 years after onset of symptoms. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Module: The Emergence of Modern Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q2.5.2 Janelle is writing a paper about the surgical techniques used by Walter Freeman in the United States in the mid-1900s. What would be the best title for her paper? a) "The Clinical Utility of the Lobotomy" b) "The Split-Brain Procedure: Gruesome or Genius?" 36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Freeman's procedure was a derivation of strategies first developed by Italian psychiatrist Egas Moniz. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Noninvasive Advantage" Consider This: Freeman's procedure was a derivation of strategies first developed by Italian psychiatrist Egas Moniz. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) "Surgical Removal of Infected Body Parts to Promote Mental Health" Consider This: Freeman's procedure was a derivation of strategies first developed by Italian psychiatrist Egas Moniz. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Module: The Emergence of Modern Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q2.5.3 Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker found that chlorpromazine incidentally reduced symptoms of psychosis and mania. Later on, researchers discovered that this drug targeted which neurotransmitter? a) dopamine b) serotonin Consider This: Chlorpromazine was later replaced by "atypical" antipsychotic medications, such as clozapine, because they are more effective and have fewer side effects. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) norepinephrine Consider This: Chlorpromazine was later replaced by "atypical" antipsychotic medications, such as clozapine, because they are more effective and have fewer side effects. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) glutamate Consider This: Chlorpromazine was later replaced by "atypical" antipsychotic medications, such as clozapine, because they are more effective and have fewer side effects. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Module: The Emergence of Modern Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q2.5.4 The techniques first made famous by Franz Anton Mesmer, where he claimed to treat a variety of diseases using "animal magnetism," were the precursors to modern __________. a) hypnosis 37 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b) milieu therapy Consider This: The techniques eventually came to be called "mesmerism." 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) sleep inoculation training Consider This: The techniques eventually came to be called "mesmerism." 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) copper bracelets Consider This: The techniques eventually came to be called "mesmerism." 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Module: The Emergence of Modern Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q2.5.5 The term catharsis is loosely synonymous with which of the following phrases? a) emotional release b) dream content Consider This: Patients of Freud would often wake up from a hypnotic state feeling that this event had occurred. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) relationship transfer Consider This: Patients of Freud would often wake up from a hypnotic state feeling that this event had occurred. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) free association Consider This: Patients of Freud would often wake up from a hypnotic state feeling that this event had occurred. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Module: The Emergence of Modern Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy End of Chapter Quiz: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior EOC Q2.1 Which of the following statements best reflects Hippocrates's position on the cause of mental illness? a) Mental disorders, like other diseases, have natural causes and appropriate treatments.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b) Mental disorders are punishments by God for individuals who have violated or strayed from religious teachings. Consider This: Hippocrates's ideas and methods of treatment were well in advance of practices prevalent during his time. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. c) Mental disorders result from a demon or god taking possession of the individual's spirit. Consider This: Hippocrates's ideas and methods of treatment were well in advance of practices prevalent during his time. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. d) Mental disorders result from a demon or god taking possession of the individual's spirit. Consider This: Hippocrates's ideas and methods of treatment were well in advance of practices prevalent during his time. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q2.2 During the Middle Ages in Europe, management and care of persons with mental illness was taken on by __________. a) clergy b) family members Consider This: "Treatment" consisted of prayer, holy water, and sanctified ointments. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. c) the legal system Consider This: "Treatment" consisted of prayer, holy water, and sanctified ointments. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. d) regional work- or poorhouses Consider This: "Treatment" consisted of prayer, holy water, and sanctified ointments. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Module: Earlies Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q2.3 Which early influential Greek maintained that by "thinking as directed," one could eliminate pain and better attain pleasure? a) Aristotle b) Plato Consider This: He thought that very hot bile generated amorous desires, verbal fluency, and suicidal impulses. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. c) Hippocrates Consider This: He thought that very hot bile generated amorous desires, verbal fluency, and suicidal impulses. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. d) Galen 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: He thought that very hot bile generated amorous desires, verbal fluency, and suicidal impulses. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q2.4 Paracelsus, a Swiss physician in the early 1500s, was critical of beliefs that demonology caused abnormal behavior. Ironically, however, he also held which of the following beliefs? a) The moon exerts a supernatural influence on the brain. b) Abnormal behavior is due to witchcraft. Consider This: The term "lunatic" is derived from the Latin word "luna." 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. c) Bloodletting would cure melancholia. Consider This: The term "lunatic" is derived from the Latin word "luna." 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. d) Unethical lives cause mental illness. Consider This: The term "lunatic" is derived from the Latin word "luna." 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q2.5 Although asylums tended to involve cruel and dirty treatment conditions, they were originally created with which of the following intentions? a) to provide refuge and treatment specifically for people with mental illness b) to rid people with mental illness of possession by evil demons Consider This: Asylums were meant to help people who could not care for themselves. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. c) to analyze patients' dreams, which were thought to provide insight into patients' personalities Consider This: Asylums were meant to help people who could not care for themselves. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. d) to keep an eye on people with mental illness, because they were considered to have supernatural powers Consider This: Asylums were meant to help people who could not care for themselves. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Answer: a 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q2.6 Patients institutionalized with mental illness during the late nineteenth century were typically given treatment that focused almost exclusively on their physical well-being. Although patients were physically comfortable and cared for, the social environment and their psychological needs were not addressed. This approach to addressing mental illness was called __________. a) the mental hygiene movement b) moral management Consider This: An unfortunate side effect of this movement was the fact that many patients became helpless and dependent. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. c) the nutritional intervention approach Consider This: An unfortunate side effect of this movement was the fact that many patients became helpless and dependent. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. d) the institutional effectiveness movement Consider This: An unfortunate side effect of this movement was the fact that many patients became helpless and dependent. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q2.7 Benjamin Rush, considered the founder of American psychiatry, is most likely to have recommended a treatment similar to which of the following? a) moral management b) psychoanalysis Consider This: The founder of American psychiatry was also responsible for creating the first American course in psychiatry. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. c) lobotomy Consider This: The founder of American psychiatry was also responsible for creating the first American course in psychiatry. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. d) mesmerism Consider This: The founder of American psychiatry was also responsible for creating the first American course in psychiatry. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q2.8 The primary reason for establishing a deinstitutionalization policy was __________. a) the belief that treating disturbed people outside of large mental hospitals was considered more humane and likely to prevent patients from acquiring negative adaptations to hospital confinement b) to encourage families to take more responsibility for their mentally ill family members since mentally ill persons could now be treated with medications Consider This: Stays in psychiatric hospitals were typically quite lengthy and care provided little in the way of effective treatment. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. c) due to the fact that patients were actually more likely to behave violently when housed in institutions Consider This: Stays in psychiatric hospitals were typically quite lengthy and care provided little in the way of effective treatment. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. d) a result of the passing of Fair Labor Acts which prohibited patients from undertaking any work in the psychiatric hospital Consider This: Stays in psychiatric hospitals were typically quite lengthy and care provided little in the way of effective treatment. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q2.9 __________ was a treatment model used in asylums that emphasized the patients' moral and spiritual development and the rehabilitation of their "character." Less focus was placed on their physical or mental disorders. a) Moral management b) The mental hygiene movement Consider This: This approach stemmed largely from the work of Pinel and Tuke. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. c) Milieu therapy Consider This: This approach stemmed largely from the work of Pinel and Tuke. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. d) Social management Consider This: This approach stemmed largely from the work of Pinel and Tuke. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate 42 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q2.10 Although deinstitutionalization has allowed many former patients to develop living skills and to have a better overall quality of life, a particularly prevalent issue for some former patients is that deinstitutionalization has __________. a) left them homeless and subject to a harsh existence b) led to increased levels of depression and family violence Consider This: What if the severity of their symptoms prevents them from having a job? 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. c) created situations where they are exploited and underpaid in work settings Consider This: What if the severity of their symptoms prevents them from having a job? 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. d) contributed to a higher rate of suicide among them Consider This: What if the severity of their symptoms prevents them from having a job? 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q2.11 Alessandra was experiencing low mood and lack of energy. Stemming from beliefs that Victorian morality was important for good mental health, alienists (or psychiatrists) at the time believed that her condition was due to "lifestyle" problems and gave her which of the following diagnoses? a) neurasthenia b) insanity Consider This: As psychiatrists, or "alienists," acquired more influence on society in the 1900s, they began to promote the benefits of Victorian morality. 2.4 Describe the changes in societal attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. c) melancholia Consider This: As psychiatrists, or "alienists," acquired more influence on society in the 1900s, they began to promote the benefits of Victorian morality. 2.4 Describe the changes in societal attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. d) depression Consider This: As psychiatrists, or "alienists," acquired more influence on society in the 1900s, they began to promote the benefits of Victorian morality. 2.4 Describe the changes in societal attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in societal attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q2.12 Ingrid works with a psychotherapist who encourages her to talk about whatever comes to mind during her sessions. Her psychotherapist feels that this strategy will bring unconscious issues to the level of awareness so that the issues may be analyzed. This method is called __________. a) free association b) catharsis Consider This: Freud felt that this technique enabled patients to overcome inner obstacles to remembering. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) regression Consider This: Freud felt that this technique enabled patients to overcome inner obstacles to remembering. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) disclosure Consider This: Freud felt that this technique enabled patients to overcome inner obstacles to remembering. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q2.13 Who established the first experimental psychology laboratory, which influenced many researchers in the empirical study of abnormal behavior? a) Wilhelm Wundt b) Sigmund Freud Consider This: This researcher devised many basic experimental methods and strategies that were later adopted in the study of mental illness. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) Ivan Pavlov Consider This: This researcher devised many basic experimental methods and strategies that were later adopted in the study of mental illness. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) John B. Watson Consider This: This researcher devised many basic experimental methods and strategies that were later adopted in the study of mental illness. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal 44 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

psychology. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q2.14 __________ developed a system of classification of mental disorders, which became the forerunner of today's DSM classification system. a) Emil Kraepelin b) Wilhelm Griesinger Consider This: Developing this diagnostic system involved identifying symptom patterns that occurred together regularly enough to be regarded as specific types of mental disease. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) Richard von Krafft-Ebbing Consider This: Developing this diagnostic system involved identifying symptom patterns that occurred together regularly enough to be regarded as specific types of mental disease. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) Julius von Wagner-Jauregg Consider This: Developing this diagnostic system involved identifying symptom patterns that occurred together regularly enough to be regarded as specific types of mental disease. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q2.15 Which of the following arguments would psychiatrists like Albrecht von Haller and Wilhelm Griesinger make regarding the origins of mental disorders? a) Mental disorders are caused by brain abnormalities. b) Mental disorders are caused by an interaction of environmental and biological influences. Consider This: During this period, scientists began focusing on diseased body organs as the causes of physical ailments, including mental disorders. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) Mental disorders are caused by supernatural influences. Consider This: During this period, scientists began focusing on diseased body organs as the causes of physical ailments, including mental disorders. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) Mental disorders are caused by engaging in unethical behaviors. Consider This: During this period, scientists began focusing on diseased body organs as the causes of physical ailments, including mental disorders. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal 45 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

psychology. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 3: Causal Factors and Viewpoints Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Remember the Facts

Understand the Concepts

Apply What You Know

Analyze It

Multiple Choice

11, 13

1, 8, 9, 10, 14

3, 4, 12

5, 6, 7

Short Answer

Learning Objective

Question Type

Introduction

Multiple Choice Short Answer Essay

3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior.

Essay 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior.

Multiple Choice

Short Answer Essay

3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior.

Multiple Choice

17, 20, 21, 34, 18, 19, 22, 23, 35, 38, 39 26, 27, 28, 31, 36

24, 25, 30, 32, 29, 41 33, 37, 40

42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 55 50, 51, 54

44, 52, 53

Short Answer Essay

3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology.

Multiple Choice Short Answer

68, 69, 71

Essay 3.5 Describe three social Multiple Choice factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Short Answer

56, 57, 61

67, 70

72, 73

59, 62

74, 76, 77

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Essay 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior.

Multiple Choice

63, 64

Short Answer Essay

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 3: Causal Factors and Viewpoints MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Why is it important to understand the causes of mental disorders? a. Effective treatment is not possible without such an understanding. b. Classification of disorders cannot be done without such information. c. Such knowledge might make both the prevention and successful treatment of mental disorders possible. d. Disagreements about the causes of psychopathology have long limited the advancements made in the study of abnormal psychology. Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Topic: Risk Factors and Causes of Abnormal Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. For most of her childhood, Arielle was subjected to physical and emotional abuse at the hands of her father. As an adult, Arielle suffers from severe depression. Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between Arielle’s abuse and her depression? a. Arielle’s childhood abuse caused her adult depression. b. Arielle’s childhood abuse is correlated with her adult depression. c. Arielle’s depression is coincidental and is unrelated to her childhood abuse. d. Depression is a result of genetics and was passed down to Arielle by her father. Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Topic: Risk Factors and Causes of Abnormal Behavior Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 3. Dr. Hunt studies the causes of bipolar disorder. In other words, she looks at factors that play a role in the __________ of bipolar disorder. a. etiology b. epidemiology c. prevalence d. resiliency Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Topic: Necessary, Sufficient, and Contributory Causes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 4. While having a gene for Parkinson’s disease guarantees that Parkinson’s disease will develop, this is not the only factor that can lead to Parkinson’s disease. In other words, the presence of the gene is a __________, but not a __________. a. risk factor; sufficient cause b. sufficient cause; necessary cause c. necessary cause; risk factor d. contributory cause; sufficient cause Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Topic: Necessary, Sufficient, and Contributory Causes Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 5. Suppose that the presence of a particular gene is a necessary cause for the occurrence of schizophrenia. Which of the following statements would be true? a. The gene is also a sufficient cause for the occurrence of schizophrenia. b. There are other things besides this gene that can cause schizophrenia. c. Most people with schizophrenia will have this gene. d. A person with this gene may or may not become schizophrenic. Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Topic: Necessary, Sufficient, and Contributory Causes Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 6. Karen was sexually abused by her father at the age of five. She developed a severe separation anxiety reaction whenever her mother tried to leave. As an adult, Karen developed a dissociative disorder due to the same abuse. This is an example of how the same factor, in this case abuse, can be __________. a. both a sufficient and a necessary cause b. both a reinforcing contributory cause and a punishing contributory cause c. both a primary and a secondary process d. both a proximal and a distal causal factor Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Topic: Necessary, Sufficient, and Contributory Causes Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 4 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

7. A couple is in counseling. The woman states that she drinks because he rejects her. The man states that he rejects her because she drinks. It appears that, in this example of bidirectionality, __________. a. the drinking is probably the actual predisposing cause for the problems in the marriage b. the rejection is probably the actual predisposing cause for the problems in the marriage c. the drinking and rejection influence and maintain each other d. the drinking and rejection are caused by another, third variable unknown to the couple Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Topic: Feedback and Bidirectionality in Abnormal Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 8. In the diathesis-stress model, a stressor is __________. a. a distal, sufficient cause of a mental disorder b. a necessary or contributory cause that is distal from the onset of symptoms c. a necessary or contributory cause that is proximal to the onset of symptoms d. a biological vulnerability Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Topic: Diathesis–Stress Models Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 9. Suppose that alcoholism is a diathesis for developing anxiety later in life. This means that __________. a. people who currently have anxiety will become alcoholics b. alcoholism is a proximal trigger for anxiety c. people who abuse alcohol have a predisposition for developing anxiety d. the psychological processes associated with alcoholism will always trigger anxiety Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Topic: Diathesis–Stress Models Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 10. The additive model of the diathesis-stress theory proposes that __________. a. people with a very high level of a diathesis may need a very large amount of stress to develop the disorder

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. people with a very high level of a diathesis may need only a small amount of stress to develop the disorder c. someone with no diathesis will never develop the disorder d. someone with no genes for the disorder will never develop the disorder Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Topic: Diathesis–Stress Models Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 11. A protective factor is __________. a. an influence that decreases the likelihood of negative outcomes among those with some risk b. an influence that modifies a person’s response to genetic problems c. a distal causal factor for a mental disorder d. a biological makeup that makes people more resistant to stress Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Topic: Diathesis–Stress Models Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 12. At age nine, Rachel was cut from the school soccer team. After the initial disappointment, she joined the Girl Scouts, which she really enjoyed. Now, as an adult, when she does not get into graduate school, rather than responding with depression, Rachel finds a job in her field that she enjoys, and will apply to graduate school at a later time. This is an example of __________. a. a necessary and sufficient cause b. the diathesis-stress theory c. the interactive model of the diathesis-stress theory d. the steeling or inoculation effect of some stressful experiences Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Topic: Diathesis–Stress Models Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 13. According to the text, which of the following has been identified as a potential protective factor? a. High socioeconomic status b. Emotional intelligence c. An introverted personality d. Authoritative parenting Answer: b 6 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Topic: Diathesis–Stress Models Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 14. Protective factors often lead to resilience, a concept that means __________. a. the person has not been faced with significant stressors b. that regardless of the stresses the person faces, he or she will feel no emotional distress c. the person can successfully adapt and survive in threatening circumstances d. recovering from traumatic events without the need for psychological protective factors Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Topic: Diathesis–Stress Models Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 15. Which of the following statements accurately reflects how experts in the behavioral sciences come to explain the biological, psychological, and sociocultural causes of abnormal behavior? a. Each expert perspective describes the causes and symptoms of two or three different disorders. b. Each expert perspective offers its own explanation of abnormal behavior. c. All expert perspectives are viewed as equally valid. d. Only the biological perspective has been studied experimentally, therefore it is the most valid explanation of abnormal behavior. Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. Topic: Perspectives to Understanding the Causes of Abnormal Behavior Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 16. Dr. Simonetti, a psychiatrist, takes a biopsychosocial viewpoint of psychopathology. Which of the following treatments is she most likely to suggest for Jenny’s current state of debilitating anxiety? a. Intense psychotherapy b. A prolonged vacation c. A combination of psychological therapy and anti-anxiety medication d. Family therapy and a change in her work environment Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. 7 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Perspectives to Understanding the Causes of Abnormal Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 17. Which of the following statements is true? a. Most mental disorders are the result of an environmental pathogen. b. Most mental disorders have a simple biological explanation. c. Most mental disorders are caused by neurological damage. d. Most mental disorders are not caused by neurological damage. Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: The Biological Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 18. Which of the following statements about brain dysfunction and psychiatric disorders is correct? a. Identifiable brain damage is often the cause of psychiatric disorders. b. Brain damage may decrease the risk of developing a psychiatric condition. c. Changes in brain function appear to play a role in many psychiatric disorders. d. Brain development can be altered by experience, always leading to changes in the brain that decrease the risk of developing a psychiatric condition. Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: The Biological Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 19. Which of the following statements is true? a. Most behavioral disorders are determined exclusively by genes. b. Most mental disorders are impacted by some level of genetic influence. c. Genes do not affect biochemical processes. d. The genes that will be expressed in an individual are not affected by environmental factors. Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Genetic Vulnerabilities Difficulty Level: Moderate 8 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 20. Down syndrome has been linked to __________. a. a chemical imbalance b. a gene on the X chromosome c. possessing an extra X chromosome d. possessing an extra chromosome in chromosome 21 Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Genetic Vulnerabilities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 21. Normal human cells have __________. a. twenty-two chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes b. twenty-one trisomy chromosome pairs, one autosomal pair, and one pair of sex chromosomes c. twenty-one chromosome pairs and two trisomy chromosome pairs d. twenty-three chromosome pairs Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Genetic Vulnerabilities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 22. Mental disorders are almost always __________, meaning that they are influenced by multiple genes. a. environmentally induced b. chemical circuits c. polygenic d. monogenic Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Genetic Vulnerabilities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 9 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

23. The genetic influences that determine behavior may never be fully understood due to __________. a. the ease of research to differentiate between the effects of the environment and the effects of genes b. the likelihood that most behaviors are determined by the interaction of many genes and the environment c. the tendency to rely on twin studies in genetic research d. our significant understanding of how genes impact brain chemistry Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Genetic Vulnerabilities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 24. Aaron was raised in an abusive home, and thus was predisposed to being very aggressive with his peers in school, who responded by rejecting him. Later in life, Aaron began to associate with other aggressive youth and to participate in a variety of delinquent behaviors. This is an example of __________. a. phenotypic vulnerability to aggression b. a phenotypic diathesis c. polygenic expression d. the way that the genotype may shape the phenotype Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Genetic Vulnerabilities Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 25. Active, happy babies and passive, unresponsive babies tend to be treated differently. In other words, an infant’s temperament phenotype may alter how others respond to him or her. What type of genotype-environment correlation is this an example of? a. Active b. Evocative c. Passive d. Persuasive Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Genetic Vulnerabilities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 10 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 26. Highly coordinated children are picked out at an early age by coaches and given special opportunities to excel at sports. Introverted children avoid frequent social situations and become unusually comfortable spending time alone. Both of these phenomena illustrate __________. a. the power of the phenotype over the genotype b. genotype-environment correlations c. the polygenic effect of chromosomes on behavior d. how the environment shapes one’s genetic endowment Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Genetic Vulnerabilities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 27. Which method for studying genetic influences fails to control for the possible effect of sharing a common environment? a. Family history or pedigree method b. Adoption method c. Association study d. Linkage analysis Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Genetic Vulnerabilities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 28. If a trait is highly heritable, it would be expected that the concordance rate for __________. a. dizygotic twins and monozygotic twins would be comparable b. dizygotic twins would be greater than the concordance rate for monozygotic twins c. monozygotic twins would be greater than the concordance rate for dizygotic twins d. dizygotic twins would be close to 100 percent Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Genetic Vulnerabilities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 29. Why is it particularly useful to study identical twins who were raised in different environments? 11 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. Differences in brain function can be easily identified. b. Concordance rates tend to be higher. c. It is possible that the genetics of twins who have been separated have changed in ways to explain any differences found. d. It is possible that high concordance rates between identical twins reared together are due to their being treated more similarly than nonidentical twins. Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Genetic Vulnerabilities Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 30. George and Logan are brothers. They live in a small apartment in the city with some other relatives. Their family is extremely poor. Their father is hardest on George, the eldest, and sometimes physically abuses the brothers. Which environmental factor is likely to be most important in the later adjustment of George and Logan? a. Their poverty b. The overcrowding of their living situation c. The physical abuse d. The fact that they live with other family members Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Genetic Vulnerabilities Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 31. Which of the following is a misconception about genetics and behavior? a. Genes determine potential. b. Just because a disorder runs in families does not mean genetics are the reason. c. Genetic research strategies provide useful tests of the influence of the environment on behavior. d. Genetics influence behavior by making the person more or less susceptible to environmental influences. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Genetic Vulnerabilities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

32. Todd and his siblings have parents who are emotionally abusive to each other. When they engage in heated arguments, they expect Todd to stay quiet and keep the other children under control. They allow the other children to cry and hide, but Todd must stay in the room with them and referee. This is an example of __________. a. a genotype-environment correlation b. a shared environmental influence c. a nonshared environmental influence d. a protective factor Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Genetic Vulnerabilities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 33. Suppose that, using linkage analysis, a researcher finds that family members with a high likelihood of developing depression are also very likely to have brown eyes. This would mean that __________. a. having brown eyes is a contributory factor for depression b. the gene for depression is probably located near the gene for eye color c. eye color and depression are probably caused by the same gene d. others believe that people with brown eyes are more depressed than those with blue eyes Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Genetic Vulnerabilities Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 34. Neural plasticity is __________. a. the process by which neurotransmitters are broken down in the brain b. the flexibility of the brain—existing neural circuits can change or new ones can be made c. strong evidence of brain damage, leading to the development of a mental disorder d. the best indicator of temperament and its effect on the personality development of a child Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Brain Dysfunction and Neural Plasticity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 35. The site of communication between two neurons is the __________. a. synapse b. neurotransmitter c. nucleus d. vesicle Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Imbalances of Neurotransmitters and Hormones Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 36. Which of the following statements about neural communication is accurate? a. All neurotransmitters increase the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will transmit a message. b. The reason neural messages are transmitted from cell to cell is because they physically touch each other. c. The part of the neuron that receives messages is called the synapse. d. Neurotransmitters released into the synapse determine whether messages are sent from one neuron to another. Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Imbalances of Neurotransmitters and Hormones Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 37. Suppose the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin was deficient and the deactivation enzymes associated with serotonin were also deficient. What effect would this have? a. There would be more serotonin in the synapse. b. There would be less serotonin in the synapse. c. Since the two deficiencies would balance each other out, there would be no change in the levels of serotonin. d. The neurons would become especially sensitive to the serotonin. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Imbalances of Neurotransmitters and Hormones Difficulty Level: Moderate 14 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 38. Reuptake of neurotransmitters is the process by which neurotransmitters __________. a. are repeatedly released into the synapse b. are reabsorbed by the axon endings c. stimulate the postsynaptic neuron to fire d. are connected to hormones Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Imbalances of Neurotransmitters and Hormones Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 39. Cortisol is a hormone that __________. a. is released by the hypothalamus and travels to the pituitary gland, causing it to respond b. the pituitary gland releases to stimulate the adrenal gland c. the adrenal gland produces in order to mobilize the body to deal with stress d. reduces the reuptake of the monamine neurotransmitters Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Imbalances of Neurotransmitters and Hormones Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 40. Rumi and Shahid are both three months old. Rumi is highly active, easily irritated, and cries readily. Shahid is calm, adapts easily to change, and seems fearless. These differences illustrate __________. a. the impact of shared environmental influences b. how physical handicaps can have a genetic origin c. differences in temperament d. the fact that personality is influenced more by the environment than by genetics Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Temperament Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

41. Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between temperament and adult personality? a. Infant fearfulness and irritability correspond to adult extroversion. b. Infant dimensions of effortful control are related to adult conscientiousness. c. Infant temperament is not correlated to adult personality traits. d. Temperament remains highly stable from birth through adolescence. Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Topic: Temperament Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 42. Which of the following psychodynamic elements of the personality can be described as impulsive and selfish? a. Ego b. Id c. Superego d. Ideal self Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Psychodynamic Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 43. Sigmund Freud’s view of mental disorders was that they were a result of __________. a. unresolved conflicts between the id, the ego, and the superego b. genetic abnormalities that influence people’s ability to cope with their environment c. problematic tendencies that we develop while dealing with our early interpersonal environments d. learned maladaptive behaviors that were rewarded with attention Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Psychodynamic Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 44. After cheating on her husband and feeling ashamed, Julia accused her husband of cheating. Such behavior is explained by which of the following defense mechanisms? a. Sublimation 16 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. Displacement c. Projection d. Rationalization Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Psychodynamic Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 45. Which period of psychosexual development occurs when a child becomes preoccupied with the development of skills and other activities? a. Genital b. Phallic c. Latency d. Pubertal Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Psychodynamic Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 46. John Bowlby’s attachment theory emphasized the role of __________. a. the social environment in forming attachments b. the quality of parental care in forming attachments c. the quality of early reinforcers and stimulation in forming attachments d. the necessity of independence from parental figures in forming attachments. Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Psychodynamic Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 47. The __________ perspective focuses on social determinants of behavior, while the __________ perspective focuses on the intrapsychic conflicts that may explain behavior. a. attachment; biological b. interpersonal; psychodynamic c. humanistic; sociocultural 17 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. existential; behavioral Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Psychodynamic Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 48. One of Freud’s major contributions to current perspectives on mental disorders is __________. a. the concept of the Oedipal complex b. the concept of the unconscious and how it can affect behavior c. the concept of the Electra complex d. the understanding of the three structures of personality Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Psychodynamic Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 49. Which of the following is a criticism of traditional psychoanalytic theory? a. It underemphasizes the sex drive. b. It has an overly positive view of women. c. It lacks scientific evidence. d. It focuses too much on symptoms and not enough on underlying causes. Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Psychodynamic Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 50. Finding meaning in life, honoring uniqueness, and dealing with nothingness form core values of which of the following perspectives? a. Existential b. Humanistic c. Behavioral d. Object-relations Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Psychodynamic Perspective 18 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 51. The humanistic perspective focuses primarily on the capacity of the individual to __________. a. confront the dilemma of our deaths b. be driven by unconscious motives c. rationally explain their behavior d. engage in positive self-growth Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Psychodynamic Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 52. After being bitten by a dog, Kenrick finds that he feels afraid whenever he sees a dog. He goes for treatment, where he is gradually exposed to dogs until he can be in the same room with one without feeling any fear. Three weeks later, while walking in his neighborhood, Kenrick hears a dog barking viciously. For a few weeks after this, his fear returns. This shows __________. a. the treatment had no effect b. extinction c. stimulus-stimulus expectancy d. spontaneous recovery Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Behavioral Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 53. Constance developed a fear of rabbits after being bitten by one when she was six years old. As an adult, Constance does not date men with facial hair and is unable to wear any clothing that is made of real or synthetic fur. This is an example of __________. a. discrimination b. generalization c. instrumental conditioning d. intrapsychic conflict Answer: b

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Behavioral Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 54. Cognitive-behavioral psychologists believe that abnormal behavior __________. a. consists of learned maladaptive response patterns b. results from distorted thinking and information processing c. results from neurotic thought processes d. results from impaired patterns of interpersonal relationships Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 55. Making a new experience fit existing frameworks is associated with __________; changing our existing frameworks to incorporate a new experience is associated with __________. a. positive attributions; negative attributions b. accommodation; assimilation c. self-efficacy; self-identity d. assimilation; accommodation Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 56. Children raised in orphanages tend to have __________. a. more cortical gray matter than children raised by their parents b. less cortical gray matter than children raised by their parents c. more friendships than children raised by their parents d. fewer friendships than children raised by their parents Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Topic: Early Deprivation or Trauma Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 20 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

57. Abused infants and toddlers __________. a. tend to develop into resilient adults b. have a tendency to be passive and to avoid conflict with both peers and authorities c. are likely to show inconsistent attachment behavior d. are likely to develop close bonds with same-sex peers Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Topic: Early Deprivation or Trauma Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 58. A lack of social skills, poor school performance, and moodiness have all been associated with which of the following parenting styles? a. Authoritarian b. Permissive/indulgent c. Authoritative d. Neglectful/uninvolved Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Topic: Problems in Parenting Style Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 59. Cho is an energetic ten-year-old who loves playing his favorite video game, Minecraft. Lately, he has missed homework, skipped his bath several times, and been whining and insisting that he be allowed to stay up past his bedtime to play another hour. After discussing their concerns, his parents offer Cho an alternative: He may stay up for 30 extra minutes to play Minecraft, but only after he has taken his bath, brushed his teeth, and completed his homework. This illustrates the __________ parenting style. a. authoritarian b. permissive/indulgent c. authoritative d. neglectful/uninvolved Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Topic: Problems in Parenting Style Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 60. Which of the following statements regarding divorce and psychopathology is true? a. A causal relationship has been established between psychopathology and parental divorce. 21 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. There is a strong positive correlation between psychopathology and parental divorce. c. The adverse effects of parental divorce are always temporary and diminish when children reach adulthood. d. The effects of parental divorce on children are more favorable than the effects of living in a home torn by marital strife and conflict. Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Topic: Marital Discord and Divorce Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 61. Children from lower SES families __________. a. are more likely to be resilient adults than those from higher SES families b. show no signs of ill effects if there is an increase in SES before age five c. are not affected by SES status unless persistent unemployment is the reason for the economic hardships of the family d. are less likely to show ill effects of SES status if they possess a high IQ and develop healthy attachments to adults and peers Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Topic: Low Socioeconomic Status and Unemployment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 62. An elementary school principal wants to know the best predictors of juvenile delinquency and dropping out of high school, so she can provide preventive interventions. Your best advice is __________. a. “Look for kids who are very popular, because they are class clowns.” b. “Quiet, isolated loners tend to be dropouts because they are often depressed.” c. “There is no way to predict juvenile delinquency as early as elementary school.” d. “The best predictor is aggression toward peers, which leads to peer rejection.” Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Topic: Maladaptive Peer Relationships Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 63. Studies on the cultural differences in parental tolerance for under- or overcontrolled behavior suggest that __________. a. these different styles can produce different rates of problem behaviors in different cultures.

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b. parental styles make no difference in rates of different behavior problems—they seem to be primarily genetic. c. parental styles make no difference in rates of different behavior problems—they seem to be independent of culture. d. all cultures feel the same about bringing their children for treatment, regardless of the type of behavior problem. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. Topic: The Cultural Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 64. A psychologist who studied the relationship between sociocultural factors and mental disorders would be most likely to study __________. a. parenting style and self-schemas b. poverty and racial discrimination c. peer rejection and attributional style d. assimilation and accommodation Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. Topic: The Cultural Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 65. Cross-cultural research on stress demonstrates that __________. a. depression is a common response to life challenges in all countries b. stress rarely leads to any evidence of illness in non-Western cultures c. responses to stress vary cross-culturally d. culture-specific reactions are not seen to respond to alterations in the environment Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. Topic: The Cultural Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. SHORT ANSWER 66. What is the diathesis-stress model of psychopathology? 23 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: A person must have both a vulnerability to a disorder and exposure to some type of stressors in order to develop the disorder. Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Topic: Diathesis-Stress Models Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 67. How do defense mechanisms contribute to psychopathology? Answer: They reduce anxiety by helping the person push something painful or uncomfortable out of consciousness rather than dealing directly with the problem. Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Behavioral Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 68. What is object-relations theory? Answer: Object-relations theory reflects a newer psychodynamic perspective. Object-relations theorists focus on how an individual interacts with others (objects) and on the relationships that are experienced. Interactions with others may be both real and imagined, thus we possess internalized objects that may be contradictory and give rise to internal conflicts, as when something is both feared and desired. Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Behavioral Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 69. What was Albert Bandura’s Bobo doll study, and what was the primary finding? Answer: Bandura was a learning theorist who studied the impact of observational learning. His Bobo doll research of the 1960s centered on how children learned various novel, aggressive responses towards a large Bobo doll after observing models being reinforced for novel, aggressive responses. The resulting outcome was that although the children were not directly reinforced to behave in any particular manner, when left alone with the Bobo doll, they displayed the novel, aggressive responses toward it. Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Behavioral Perspective 24 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 70. What is extinction and how might it be used in treating a disorder? Answer: Extinction is the process of lessening the strength of a conditioned response by presenting the conditioned stimulus in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus. If, for example, one had developed a fear of snakes (a phobia) after being bitten by a snake, the extinction process might consist of exposing the fearful person to a snake (the conditioned stimulus) without any negative event occurring (the unconditioned stimulus). Such a procedure is intended to extinguish the fear response to the snake. Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Behavioral Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 71. How can attributional style influence the likelihood of developing depression? Answer: We all seek to explain the world; we seek to find reasons for events that happen to us and around us. In other words, we look to attribute occurrences to some cause. If we attribute all of our failures to internal, stable, and global causes, the stage is set for the development of depression. If all that is negative in your life is your fault and can’t be changed, what is there to be happy about? Addressing such irrational thinking is likely a task for a cognitive therapist. Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Behavioral Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 72. Distinguish between assimilation and accommodation. Answer: We all possess schemas, views of ourselves and the world that filter and organize our experiences. Sometimes we experience events that fit well into our existing schemas or expectations of the world. In such instances, when we can fit something new into an existing cognitive framework, assimilation occurs. Sometimes, however, we have to alter our existing schemas. When we are forced to make changes in existing schemas, accommodation occurs. Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It 25 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 73. Why does the selection of a theoretical perspective of mental disorders matter? Answer: The perspective one selects will alter how one views mental disorders. Theoretical perspectives influence how we perceive abnormal behavior, the questions we ask about abnormal behavior, and, most important, how we interpret available data. One set of data may be interpreted very differently by individuals of different theoretical perspectives. Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: What the Adoption of a Perspective Does and Does Not Do Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 74. How does abuse and maltreatment tend to affect a child’s ability to relate to others? Answer: Children develop a disorganized and disoriented attachment style, which can generalize to new relationships. Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Topic: Early Deprivation or Trauma Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 75. Distinguish between authoritative and authoritarian parenting. Answer: Authoritative and authoritarian parents both exert control over the lives of their children, but they do so in significantly different ways. The authoritative parent is warm and communicative, discussing disciplinarian actions with their children. The authoritarian parent, on the other hand, is less warm and feels no need to explain or justify his or her actions. While authoritative parenting has been found to be associated with positive outcomes, research on authoritarian parenting has linked such an approach with children who are irritable and moody. Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Topic: Problems in Parenting Style Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 76. What is the relationship between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of abnormal behavior? Answer: There is a negative correlation between socioeconomic status (SES) and abnormal behavior. This means that the lower one’s SES, the more likely it is that a mental disorder will be present. It may be that being of low SES makes mental illness more likely or that 26 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

mental illness leads to a lower SES. At the same time, this could be a consequence of differential treatment of abnormality according to SES. The homeless individual who is odd may be seen as mentally ill, while a comparable wealthy individual is seen as eccentric. Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Topic: Low Socioeconomic Status and Unemployment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 77. What are the impacts of prejudice and discrimination in relation to negative health outcomes? Answer: Research indicates that experience, and even the perception, of racial discrimination may lead to increases in anger and cardiovascular reactivity. Discrimination increases the occurrence of risk-taking behavior and predicts lower levels of well-being for women. Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Topic: Prejudice and Discrimination in Race, Gender, and Ethnicity Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. ESSAY 78. Distinguish between necessary, sufficient, and contributory causes of abnormal behavior. Answer: When discussing the factors that lead to any type of disorder, numerous relationships can be described between the factors that lead to the disorder and the disorder itself. A necessary cause is something that is necessary for the development of a disorder; the disorder will not develop unless the necessary cause is present. In the case of necessary causes, exposure is required for the disorder to develop, but exposure does not guarantee that the condition will develop. For example, without medical intervention, sex is necessary for conception to occur, but sex does not always lead to pregnancy. In some cases, if a factor is present, the disorder will always develop. Such factors are referred to as sufficient causes. If exposure to a virus, for example, guarantees the development of an illness, that virus is a sufficient cause. Note, however, that a sufficient cause is often not a necessary cause; there may be other factors that may lead to the disorder. Contributory causes are best described as risk factors, those things that make the development of a disorder more likely. Environmental factors, for example, may serve as contributory causes for many types of psychopathology. In summary, necessary causes are required for a disorder to develop but do not guarantee the disorder will develop; sufficient causes guarantee a disorder will develop; and contributory causes increase the chances of a disorder developing. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 2 points for the definition of each factor, 4 points for clearly distinguishing between the different types of causes. Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Topic: Necessary, Sufficient, and Contributory Causes Difficulty Level: Difficult 27 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 79. Charlotte suffers from intense anxiety. How might Freud explain this anxiety? In your answer, describe the different parts of the personality from a Freudian perspective, and how these parts of the personality interact to produce anxiety. Answer: Freud suggests that behavior results from the interaction of three subsystems in personality: the id (source of instinctual drives, the pleasure principle), the ego (mediator between the demands of the id and the external world, the reality principle), and the superego (conscience, internalization of societal morals, and taboos). Inner (intrapsychic) conflicts arise when these three make incompatible demands on the individual. Freud suggests three types of anxiety: reality, neurotic, and moral anxiety. The ego handles anxiety either rationally or with ego-defense mechanisms. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 2 points each for explanation of the id, ego, and superego, 4 points for explanation of how these interact to produce anxiety. Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Psychodynamic Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 80. Compare and contrast the humanistic and existential perspectives. Answer: While the humanistic and existential perspectives do share some common elements, there are ways in which they differ significantly. The humanistic perspective views humans as basically good and focuses on the present. Humanistic therapy focuses on aiding a person in finding their means of achieving self-actualization, of being the best that they can be. The existential perspective is comparable in recognizing that we are all unique individuals who desire self-fulfillment, but it does not have such a positive view of human nature. Existentialists place more emphasis on irrational tendencies and the external obstacles to selffulfillment. GRADING RUBRIC: 6 points total, 3 for how they are alike, 3 for how they differ. Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Topic: The Psychodynamic Perspective Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module Quiz 3.1: Risk Factors and Causes of Abnormal Behavior EOM Q3.1.1 A __________ cause is one that must exist in order for a disorder to occur. a) necessary b) sufficient Consider This: If a given disorder is seen, then this sort of cause must have preceded it. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. c) distal Consider This: If a given disorder is seen, then this sort of cause must have preceded it. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. d) proximal Consider This: If a given disorder is seen, then this sort of cause must have preceded it. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Module: Risk Factors and Causes of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q3.1.2 Why is it necessary to consider the effects of distal risk factors in the development of psychopathology? a) Sometimes, events that occur in the present may not show their impact until far into the future. b) Distal risk factors serve a preventative function, leading to a decreased risk of psychiatric disorders at a later time. Consider This: An example of such a risk factor might be the loss of a parent early in childhood. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. c) Distal risk factors are more highly correlated with multiple diagnoses occurring at the same time, so they need to be assessed. Consider This: An example of such a risk factor might be the loss of a parent early in childhood. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. d) The likely success of psychotherapy depends on which distal risk factors are or are not present. Consider This: An example of such a risk factor might be the loss of a parent early in childhood. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Module: Risk Factors and Causes of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q3.1.3 The ability to adapt successfully to even very difficult circumstances is called __________. a) resilience b) hardiness Consider This: This has been used to describe the phenomenon that "some individuals have a relatively good outcome despite suffering risk experiences that would be expected to bring about serious sequelae." 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. c) perseverance Consider This: This has been used to describe the phenomenon that "some individuals have a relatively good outcome despite suffering risk experiences that would be expected to bring about serious sequelae." 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. d) a challenge orientation Consider This: This has been used to describe the phenomenon that "some individuals have a relatively good outcome despite suffering risk experiences that would be expected to bring about serious sequelae." 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Module: Risk Factors and Causes of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q3.1.4 Four-year-old Amber's parents are concerned that she still wets the bed at night, and they want to know if there is a problem that needs intervention. From a __________ perspective, the best way to answer this question would be to research other 4-year-olds to determine if Amber's bedwetting is abnormal. a) developmental psychopathology b) lifespan development Consider This: The foundation of this model is comparing and contrasting people of similar ages. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. c) neurodevelopmental Consider This: The foundation of this model is comparing and contrasting people of similar ages. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. d) biopsychosocial Consider This: The foundation of this model is comparing and contrasting people of similar ages. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Module: Risk Factors and Causes of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q3.1.5 Research suggests that childhood abuse is associated with the risk of developing depression later 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

in life. However, not everyone who experiences childhood abuse develops depression, and many people who develop depression did not experience childhood abuse. Childhood abuse is thus which of the following? a) a contributory cause of depression b) a necessary cause of depression Consider This: A necessary cause is a characteristic that must exist for a disorder to occur; a sufficient cause is a condition that guarantees the occurrence of a disorder. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. c) a sufficient cause of depression Consider This: A necessary cause is a characteristic that must exist for a disorder to occur; a sufficient cause is a condition that guarantees the occurrence of a disorder. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. d) a necessary and sufficient cause of depression Consider This: A necessary cause is a characteristic that must exist for a disorder to occur; a sufficient cause is a condition that guarantees the occurrence of a disorder. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 3.2: Perspectives to Understanding the Causes of Abnormal Behavior EOM Q3.2.1 Julia's friend explains that she struggles with alcoholism because of "bad genes." This explanation represents the __________ perspective of abnormal behavior. a) biological b) psychological Consider This: There are several different perspectives on abnormal behavior; some focus primarily on one factor and others use a combination of factors. 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. c) sociocultural Consider This: There are several different perspectives on abnormal behavior; some focus primarily on one factor and others use a combination of factors. 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. d) environmental Consider This: There are several different perspectives on abnormal behavior; some focus primarily on one factor and others use a combination of factors. 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. Module: Perspectives to Understanding the Causes of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q3.2.2 Dr. Austin takes an approach to understanding psychopathology that considers the way in which multiple types of influences affect one's mental functioning. He also pays attention to the cultural context in which behaviors occur to determine what is and is not considered to be abnormal. Dr. Austin adheres to the __________ model. a) biopsychosocial b) cognitive-behavioral Consider This: This is more of an integrative model that moves away from singular views of what defines psychopathology. 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. c) humanistic-existential Consider This: This is more of an integrative model that moves away from singular views of what defines psychopathology. 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. d) neurocognitive Consider This: This is more of an integrative model that moves away from singular views of what defines psychopathology. 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. Module: Perspectives to Understanding the Causes of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q3.2.3 Dr. Yang studies psychopathology by investigating how dysfunctional thoughts, feelings, and behaviors can contribute to abnormal behavior. Dr. Yang is looking at behavior from a __________ perspective. a) psychological b) biopsychosocial Consider This: Researchers can align with one perspective or use a blending of perspectives when investigating psychopathology. 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. c) biological Consider This: Researchers can align with one perspective or use a blending of perspectives when investigating psychopathology. 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. d) sociological Consider This: Researchers can align with one perspective or use a blending of perspectives when investigating psychopathology. 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. Module: Perspectives to Understanding the Causes of Abnormal Behavior 32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 3.3: The Biological Perspective EOM Q3.3.1 If a child is born with the genes to develop an illness called PKU, his or her parents will be instructed to monitor the amount of a specific amino acid in that child's diet. If the child is prevented from taking in too much of that chemical, the effects of the condition can be significantly reduced. What does this demonstrate? a) a genotype-environment interaction b) the difference between one's chromosomal pattern and his or her genetic pattern Consider This: Genetic factors are not necessary and sufficient to cause mental disorders but instead can contribute to a vulnerability or diathesis to develop psychopathology that only happens if there is a significant stressor in the person's life. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. c) the diathesis-stress model Consider This: Genetic factors are not necessary and sufficient to cause mental disorders but instead can contribute to a vulnerability or diathesis to develop psychopathology that only happens if there is a significant stressor in the person's life. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. d) the principle of polygenic inheritance Consider This: Genetic factors are not necessary and sufficient to cause mental disorders but instead can contribute to a vulnerability or diathesis to develop psychopathology that only happens if there is a significant stressor in the person's life. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Module: The Biological Perspective Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q3.3.2 The study of __________ has traditionally used three primary methods to examine the heritability of mental disorders: (1) the family history method, (2) the twin method, and (3) the adoption method. a) behavior genetics b) behavioral neuroscience Consider This: More recently, two new methods (linkage studies and association studies) have been developed. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c) developmental psychopathology Consider This: More recently, two new methods (linkage studies and association studies) have been developed. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. d) lifespan development Consider This: More recently, two new methods (linkage studies and association studies) have been developed. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Module: The Biological Perspective Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q3.3.3 Which of the following misconceptions regarding genetic influences on behavior, traits, and psychopathology is negated by the fact that one's capacity for developing ability can change if there is a change in their environment? a) Genes provide a limit to one's potential. b) Strong genetic effects mean that environmental influences are unimportant. Consider This: Consider the example of children who are born to socially disadvantaged parents but who are adopted and reared with socially advantaged parents. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. c) Genetic strategies are of no value for studying environmental influences. Consider This: Consider the example of children who are born to socially disadvantaged parents but who are adopted and reared with socially advantaged parents. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. d) Disorders that run in families must be genetic, while those that do not run in families must not be genetic. Consider This: Consider the example of children who are born to socially disadvantaged parents but who are adopted and reared with socially advantaged parents. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Module: The Biological Perspective Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q3.3.4 __________ refers to the way that a child reacts and self-regulates. Starting during infancy, the following five dimensions of this construct can be identified: fearlessness, irritability/ frustration, 34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

__________, and attentional persistence. a) Temperament; positive affect b) Temperament; negative affect Consider This: Early disposition is thought to form the basis on which personality develops. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. c) Personality; positive affect Consider This: Early disposition is thought to form the basis on which personality develops. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. d) Personality; negative affect Consider This: Early disposition is thought to form the basis on which personality develops. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Module: The Biological Perspective Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q3.3.5 The temperament dimension of fearfulness and irritability in infants has been found to correspond to the adult personality dimension of __________. a) neuroticism b) extraversion Consider This: The best answer refers to one's disposition to experience negative affect. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. c) agreeableness Consider This: The best answer refers to one's disposition to experience negative affect. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. d) conscientiousness Consider This: The best answer refers to one's disposition to experience negative affect. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Module: The Biological Perspective Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 3.4: The Psychological Perspective 35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q3.4.1 In the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud, the __________, which is the basic emotional and psychic energy of life, is believed to be constituted by life instincts. a) libido b) primary process Consider This: The correct answer is made up of one of the two primary drives that constitute the id. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. c) ego Consider This: The correct answer is made up of one of the two primary drives that constitute the id. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. d) superego Consider This: The correct answer is made up of one of the two primary drives that constitute the id. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Module: The Psychological Perspective Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q3.4.2 James is very disappointed that his wife has been less interested in having sex with him lately. One evening after his advances are declined, he has a childish temper tantrum about never getting his way in the bedroom. This demonstrates the ego-defense mechanism of __________. a) regression b) sublimation Consider This: The best answer involves retreating to an earlier developmental level, one that involves less mature behavior and responsibility. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. c) fixation Consider This: The best answer involves retreating to an earlier developmental level, one that involves less mature behavior and responsibility. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. d) displacement Consider This: The best answer involves retreating to an earlier developmental level, one that involves less mature behavior and responsibility. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Module: The Psychological Perspective Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q3.4.3 36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

For which of the following reasons would it be accurate to say that the work of Freud, for all of its shortcomings, has been particularly important and influential? a) His theory emphasized that many of the same psychological principles apply to both normal and abnormal behaviors. b) He advanced our understanding of the way in which one's genetic background contributes to their present and future behaviors. Consider This: Freud founded the psychoanalytic school. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. c) His work promoted an understanding of the eight stages of psychosocial development, along with the crises that occur within each stage. Consider This: Freud founded the psychoanalytic school. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. d) His work was groundbreaking in its focus on orientations, or dispositions, that people adopt from their interactions with others. Consider This: Freud founded the psychoanalytic school. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Module: The Psychological Perspective Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q3.4.4 In an experiment, every time a participant sees the color red, they are given an electric shock. Over time, participants flinch as soon as they see the color red. Later in the experiment, the experimenter repeatedly shows the color red without pairing it with a shock. Eventually, participants stop flinching when they see the color red. In this experiment, red is the __________ and __________ is the process that happens when the color red is shown repeatedly without a shock. a) conditioned stimulus; extinction b) unconditioned stimulus; extinction Consider This: The hallmark of this type of learning is that a formerly neutral catalyst acquires the capacity to elicit biologically adaptive responses through repeated pairings with another factor that would naturally elicit the same type of response. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. c) stimulus-stimulus expectancy; spontaneous recovery Consider This: The hallmark of this type of learning is that a formerly neutral catalyst acquires the capacity to elicit biologically adaptive responses through repeated pairings with another factor that would naturally elicit the same type of response. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. d) unconditioned response; spontaneous recovery Consider This: The hallmark of this type of learning is that a formerly neutral catalyst acquires the capacity to elicit biologically adaptive responses through repeated pairings with another factor that would naturally elicit the same type of response. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. 37 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Module: The Psychological Perspective Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q3.4.5 The concept of reinforcement, which is the delivery of a reward or the removal of an aversive stimulus, is essential to the theory of __________. a) operant conditioning b) classical conditioning Consider This: This theory suggests that, over time, a response-outcome expectancy will develop. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. c) insight learning Consider This: This theory suggests that, over time, a response-outcome expectancy will develop. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. d) latent learning Consider This: This theory suggests that, over time, a response-outcome expectancy will develop. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Module: The Psychological Perspective Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 3.5: The Social Perspective EOM Q3.5.1 In a study of the effects of early-life deprivation, children in a Romanian orphanage demonstrated which of the following neurological patterns? a) lower total gray matter volume b) thickening of the corpus callosum Consider This: This effect was seen in both orphans who were and were not assigned to participate in foster care intervention. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. c) reprogramming of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus Consider This: This effect was seen in both orphans who were and were not assigned to participate in foster care intervention. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. d) decreased generalized activity in the reticular activating system Consider This: This effect was seen in both orphans who were and were not assigned to participate in foster care intervention. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. 38 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Module: The Social Perspective Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q3.5.2 Analiese is a child being raised by her grandmother who did not want to have to take on this responsibility. As a result, the grandmother often behaves in an abusive fashion, and Analiese is regularly mistreated. Which type of attachment is she likely to demonstrate? a) a disorganized and disoriented attachment b) an insecure avoidant attachment Consider This: Analiese might sometimes appear dazed and frozen when around her grandmother, and at other times approach and then reject her. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. c) an anxious-ambivalent attachment Consider This: Analiese might sometimes appear dazed and frozen when around her grandmother, and at other times approach and then reject her. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. d) a preconventional attachment Consider This: Analiese might sometimes appear dazed and frozen when around her grandmother, and at other times approach and then reject her. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Module: The Social Perspective Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q3.5.3 Research finds that when a father suffers from mental illness or is minimally involved in caretaking during a child's infancy, it is related to a greater child and adolescent psychopathology. Which of the following conditions is particularly related to these factors? a) delinquency b) panic disorder Consider This: Although many children of people with serious alcohol abuse problems do not have difficulties, others have elevated rates of truancy, substance abuse, and a greater likelihood of dropping out of school. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. c) illness anxiety disorder Consider This: Although many children of people with serious alcohol abuse problems do not have difficulties, others have elevated rates of truancy, substance abuse, and a greater likelihood of dropping out of school. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. d) borderline personality disorder Consider This: Although many children of people with serious alcohol abuse problems do not 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

have difficulties, others have elevated rates of truancy, substance abuse, and a greater likelihood of dropping out of school. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Module: The Social Perspective Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q3.5.4 What are the two parental dimensions that distinguish the different parenting styles, including authoritative, authoritarian, permissive/indulgent, and neglectful/uninvolved? a) warmth and control b) emotionality and pragmatism Consider This: One dimension is related to support and encouragement, and the other involves discipline and monitoring. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. c) approach and avoidance Consider This: One dimension is related to support and encouragement, and the other involves discipline and monitoring. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. d) reliance and distancing Consider This: One dimension is related to support and encouragement, and the other involves discipline and monitoring. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Module: The Social Perspective Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q3.5.5 While the divorce rate around the world is about __________ percent, the United States has the highest such rate of about __________ percent. a) 20; 40 b) 10; 30 Consider This: While more than half of all marriages in the U.S. survive, one must wonder if they continue with a high amount of conflict between the partners. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. c) 15; 75 Consider This: While more than half of all marriages in the U.S. survive, one must wonder if they continue with a high amount of conflict between the partners. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. d) 25; 60 Consider This: While more than half of all marriages in the U.S. survive, one must wonder if they continue with a high amount of conflict between the partners. 3.5 Describe three social 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Module: The Social Perspective Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 3.6: The Cultural Perspective EOM Q3.6.1 Whereas the prevalence of depression in Japan is only 3 percent, in the United States the prevalence is almost six times that, at 17 percent. Which of the following factors likely impacts this discrepancy? a) sociocultural factors b) genetic differences Consider This: This cultural syndrome may be contributed to by many factors, including a shy temperament and social exclusion by peers. 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. c) lower rates of stress in Japan Consider This: This cultural syndrome may be contributed to by many factors, including a shy temperament and social exclusion by peers. 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. d) higher self-esteem among people in Japan Consider This: This cultural syndrome may be contributed to by many factors, including a shy temperament and social exclusion by peers. 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. Module: The Cultural Perspective Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q3.6.2 What section was added to the newest version of the DSM to take into account the role of culture in the experience and expression of mental illness? a) Cultural Formulation b) Cultural Perspective Consider This: This new section includes the terms cultural syndrome, cultural idioms of distress, and cultural explanations to clarify how culture impacts mental illness. 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. c) Cultural Idioms of Stress Consider This: This new section includes the terms cultural syndrome, cultural idioms of distress, and cultural explanations to clarify how culture impacts mental illness. 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. 41 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) Cultural Explanations Consider This: This new section includes the terms cultural syndrome, cultural idioms of distress, and cultural explanations to clarify how culture impacts mental illness. 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. Module: The Cultural Perspective Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q3.6.3 After being fired from their job and a recent fight with their spouse, they reported fatigue, weakness, and other physical complaints. In which country is this a common reaction to these types of events? a) China b) United States Consider This: In some countries, it's more common to report physical and somatic symptoms after undergoing stress. 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. c) France Consider This: In some countries, it's more common to report physical and somatic symptoms after undergoing stress. 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. d) Japan Consider This: In some countries, it's more common to report physical and somatic symptoms after undergoing stress. 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. Module: The Cultural Perspective Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q3.6.4 Which of the following descriptions best reflects the characteristics of a securely attached child in Japanese culture? a) a child who is dependent, emotionally restrained, and can express his feelings only in an indirect manner b) a child who is dependent, emotionally labile, and quick to express her feelings to others Consider This: Parents' goals are to anticipate all the child's needs and thereby avoid any exposure to stress such as hunger or discomfort and to foster dependency. 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. c) a child who is assertive, independently explores his environment, and openly expresses his feelings 42 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Parents' goals are to anticipate all the child's needs and thereby avoid any exposure to stress such as hunger or discomfort and to foster dependency. 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. d) a child who is independent, aloof, and restrained in her emotional expression Consider This: Parents' goals are to anticipate all the child's needs and thereby avoid any exposure to stress such as hunger or discomfort and to foster dependency. 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. Module: The Cultural Perspective Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Chapter Quiz: Causal Factors and Viewpoints EOC Q3.1 Some researchers believe that individuals who develop schizophrenia are born with a vulnerability that can predispose the person to develop schizophrenia. If the person is exposed to certain life events, the likelihood that he or she will develop schizophrenia is increased. If these particular life events do not occur, the person most likely would not develop schizophrenia. This model for looking at the development of schizophrenia is called __________. a) the diathesis-stress model b) the variable risk factor model Consider This: A combination of factors can lead to the development of a psychological disorder. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. c) the vulnerability model Consider This: A combination of factors can lead to the development of a psychological disorder. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. d) the causal variable model Consider This: A combination of factors can lead to the development of a psychological disorder. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Module: Causal Factors and Viewpoints Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q3.2 Brittany's mother was a heroin addict who spent many years in prison. Brittany was raised in an impoverished, crime-ridden neighborhood by her maternal grandmother who adored Brittany and involved her in church and enrichment activities. Brittany is now a successful clinical social worker who is happily married. Some researchers would attribute her successful outcome to what is called a __________ of her grandmother. a) protective factor 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b) risk nulling factor Consider This: Certain factors decrease the likelihood of negative outcomes among those at risk. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. c) positive affiliation factor Consider This: Certain factors decrease the likelihood of negative outcomes among those at risk. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. d) causal factor Consider This: Certain factors decrease the likelihood of negative outcomes among those at risk. 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior. Module: Causal Factors and Viewpoints Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q3.3 Behavioral scientists that investigate and explain how factors such as genetics, neurobiology, and hormonal responses can influence psychopathology are using a __________ perspective. a) biological b) psychological Consider This: With the behavioral sciences, there often are several competing explanations used for the same phenomenon. 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. c) biopsychosocial Consider This: With the behavioral sciences, there often are several competing explanations used for the same phenomenon. 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. d) sociological Consider This: With the behavioral sciences, there often are several competing explanations used for the same phenomenon. 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior. Module: Causal Factors and Viewpoints Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q3.4 Single genes tend to confer only very small influence on mental illness. Instead, risk for mental illness is determined by multiple genes and/or polymorphisms of those genes. Thus, vulnerability to mental illness is almost always __________. a) polygenic b) additive Consider This: Vulnerabilities to mental disorders are almost always influenced by multiple genes. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also 44 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. c) biopsychosocial Consider This: Vulnerabilities to mental disorders are almost always influenced by multiple genes. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. d) genetic Consider This: Vulnerabilities to mental disorders are almost always influenced by multiple genes. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Module: Causal Factors and Viewpoints Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q3.5 Joelle has a genetic predisposition toward being shy. As a result, she tends to keep to herself, avoid eye contact with others, and not talk much in class. Her peers assume she's aloof because she does not start conversations with or try to hang out with them. As a result, they do not invite her to sit with them at lunch or to their birthday parties. This leads Joelle to think that her peers do not like her, and she becomes even less likely to start conversations with her peers. Which of the following is this an example of? a) genotype-environment correlation b) behavior genetics Consider This: Biology can actually shape the external circumstances we experience, which can then, in turn, shape our behavior and further shape our external circumstances. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. c) diathesis stress Consider This: Biology can actually shape the external circumstances we experience, which can then, in turn, shape our behavior and further shape our external circumstances. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. d) biopsychosocial Consider This: Biology can actually shape the external circumstances we experience, which can then, in turn, shape our behavior and further shape our external circumstances. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Module: Causal Factors and Viewpoints Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q3.6 The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis results in secretion of __________, a hormone, in response to __________. a) cortisol; stress b) dopamine; stress Consider This: The HPA axis is implicated in various forms of psychopathology, including depression. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. c) cortisol; positive events Consider This: The HPA axis is implicated in various forms of psychopathology, including depression. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. d) dopamine; extraversion Consider This: The HPA axis is implicated in various forms of psychopathology, including depression. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Module: Causal Factors and Viewpoints Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q3.7 With twin method research, the concordance rate reflects __________. a) the percentage of twins sharing the disorder or trait b) the percentage of twins not sharing the disorder or trait Consider This: Concordance rates help evaluate the heritability of behavioral traits. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. c) the percentage of twins sharing the disorder or trait with the parent Consider This: Concordance rates help evaluate the heritability of behavioral traits. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. d) the percentage of twins not sharing the disorder or trait with the parent Consider This: Concordance rates help evaluate the heritability of behavioral traits. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Module: Causal Factors and Viewpoints Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q3.8 46 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been associated with pleasurable experiences and cognitive processes, and implicated in schizophrenia and drug addiction? a) dopamine b) norepinephrine Consider This: Also, some of the genes involved with hyperactivity are located near the known genetic markers for this neurotransmitter's functioning. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. c) serotonin Consider This: Also, some of the genes involved with hyperactivity are located near the known genetic markers for this neurotransmitter's functioning. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. d) gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) Consider This: Also, some of the genes involved with hyperactivity are located near the known genetic markers for this neurotransmitter's functioning. 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior. Module: Causal Factors and Viewpoints Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q3.9 Which psychodynamic theory or perspective focuses on the impact of relationships with others during childhood and the introjection or symbolic incorporation of important people into a child's personality? a) object-relations theory b) ego psychology Consider This: Important to this theory are the affiliations people experience between their external and internal representations of others. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. c) interpersonal perspective Consider This: Important to this theory are the affiliations people experience between their external and internal representations of others. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. d) attachment theory Consider This: Important to this theory are the affiliations people experience between their external and internal representations of others. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Module: Causal Factors and Viewpoints 47 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q3.10 The humanistic perspective places a strong emphasis on __________. a) the individual's capacity for purposeful self-direction b) unconscious, internalized representations of important family members Consider This: This perspective focuses on abstract concepts that are difficult to subject to scientific scrutiny. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. c) the effect of faulty learning patterns on interpersonal relationships Consider This: This perspective focuses on abstract concepts that are difficult to subject to scientific scrutiny. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. d) analyzing and restructuring thinking patterns Consider This: This perspective focuses on abstract concepts that are difficult to subject to scientific scrutiny. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Module: Causal Factors and Viewpoints Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q3.11 Which of the following perspectives shares some overlap with the humanistic perspective but takes on a less optimistic view of human beings? a) existentialist b) behavioral Consider This: In this perspective, abnormal behavior results from an inability to deal effectively with despair and frustration. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. c) cognitive Consider This: In this perspective, abnormal behavior results from an inability to deal effectively with despair and frustration. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. d) cultural Consider This: In this perspective, abnormal behavior results from an inability to deal effectively with despair and frustration. 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology. Module: Casual Factors and Viewpoints Skill Level: Understand 48 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q3.12 Nina lived in an orphanage that provided her with minimal attention and care for the first two years of her life before being adopted into a loving and well-resourced home. Building on research discussed in the chapter, which of the following would likely represent her brain development later in childhood? a) Her white matter volume would be similar to same-aged peers who never lived in an orphanage, but her gray matter volume would be lower. b) Her gray and white matter volume would be similar to same-aged peers who never lived in an orphanage. Consider This: Some effects of deprivation due to institutionalization seem to be persistent, whereas others seem to be reversed with intervention. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. c) Her gray and white matter volumes would be higher than same-aged peers who never lived in an orphanage. Consider This: Some effects of deprivation due to institutionalization seem to be persistent, whereas others seem to be reversed with intervention. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. d) Her gray and white matter volumes would be lower than same-aged peers who never lived in an orphanage. Consider This: Some effects of deprivation due to institutionalization seem to be persistent, whereas others seem to be reversed with intervention. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Module: Causal Factors and Viewpoints Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q3.13 Parents that are warm and set clear limits, but allow a degree of freedom within the limits are described as having a(n) __________ parenting style. a) authoritative b) authoritarian Consider This: This style of parenting is associated with the most positive early social development. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. c) permissive Consider This: This style of parenting is associated with the most positive early social development. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. d) indifferent Consider This: This style of parenting is associated with the most positive early social development. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Module: Causal Factors and Viewpoints Skill Level: Understand 49 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q3.14 Which child is most likely to be rejected by his or her peers? a) Kenna, an unassertive girl who is submissive with her peers b) Charise, an outgoing girl who tends to be bossy but not aggressive Consider This: Repeated social failure results in damaging effects on self-confidence and selfesteem. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. c) Michael, a short boy who is outgoing and athletic Consider This: Repeated social failure results in damaging effects on self-confidence and selfesteem. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. d) Lyle, a quiet boy who can be assertive in a non-aggressive way Consider This: Repeated social failure results in damaging effects on self-confidence and selfesteem. 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior. Module: Causal Factors and Viewpoints Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q3.15 Kleinman found that Chinese people and Westerners experience stress very differently. Chinese people are most likely to report __________ in response to stress; Westerners typically report __________ in response to stress. a) physical problems such as fatigue or weakness; feeling depressed b) feeling depressed; physical problems such as fatigue or weakness Consider This: Sociocultural factors often influence which disorders develop, the forms they take, and how prevalent they are. 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. c) feeling angry or frustrated; physical problems Consider This: Sociocultural factors often influence which disorders develop, the forms they take, and how prevalent they are. 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. d) anxiety and worry; feeling depressed Consider This: Sociocultural factors often influence which disorders develop, the forms they take, and how prevalent they are. 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior. Module: Causal Factors and Viewpoints Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 4: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Learning Objective

Question Type

Remember the Facts

Understand the Concepts

Apply What You Know

Introduction

Multiple Choice

6, 10

4, 5, 11

12, 14

13, 15

19, 20

Analyze It

Short Answer Essay 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization.

Multiple Choice Short Answer Essay

4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment.

Multiple Choice Short Answer Essay

4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process.

Multiple Choice

17, 21

Short Answer

Essay 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment.

Multiple Choice

23, 30, 31, 32, 24, 26, 27, 35, 33, 38 36, 37, 39

Short Answer

25, 28, 29, 34

58, 59

Essay

61, 62, 63

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment.

4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning.

Multiple Choice

41, 42

40, 43, 44

Short Answer Essay

Multiple Choice

45, 46, 47

Short Answer Essay

4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior.

Multiple Choice

Short Answer

50, 53

51, 54

Essay

48, 52, 55, 56

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 4: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Psychological assessment refers to the __________. a. procedures used to summarize a client’s symptoms and problems b. process used to arrive at a diagnosis c. development of a treatment plan d. determination of how environmental factors impact the course of a disorder Answer: a Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. Mika sees a mental health professional, complaining of several symptoms. The professional attempts to understand the nature and extent of the problem. This process is called __________. a. diagnosis b. assessment c. clinical treatment d. screening Answer: b Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3. Dr. Vera says, “It is important that we carefully evaluate and classify a patient’s symptoms so that we can plan appropriate treatment. Administratively, it is essential, so that a facility can know what kinds of problems clients need help with. Even if we don’t want to do it, insurance claims require us to use a defined diagnostic system such as the DSM-5.” What is Dr. Vera referring to? a. Clinical diagnosis b. Screening activities c. Taking a personal history d. Assessment Answer: a Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level Apply What You Know

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 4. Sam and Charles are discussing the definition of reliability. Which of the following statements accurately illustrates reliability? a. An IQ test is effective in predicting the academic performance of both males and females. b. Scores on an IQ test are not affected by mood. c. Scores on two different intelligence tests are highly correlated. d. When an IQ test is administered to the same person repeatedly, the results do not differ. Answer: d Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. Topic: Three Fundamental Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 5. Charlotte tells her graduate professor Dr. Klimt, “Today’s tests results are very similar to the results I found earlier this week!” Dr. Klimt is pleased with the research __________. a. validity b. inter-rater reliability c. test-retest reliability d. standardization Answer: c Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. Topic: Three Fundamental Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 6. Inter-rater reliability gauges __________. a. the similarity of one set of results to another set of results from a trial run a few days earlier b. the similarity of one set of results to another set of results from a trial run several years earlier c. the extent to which a measuring instrument measures what it is supposed to measure d. the extent to which different clinicians agree on a diagnosis Answer: d Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. Topic: Three Fundamental Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

7. A patient receives the results of his diagnostic tests and decides to seek a second and third opinion. He is surprised to learn that each of the three clinicians’ diagnoses is different from the others. What statement accurately describes this scenario? a. This reflects high inter-rater reliability. b. This illustrates low inter-rater reliability. c. This describes low test-retest reliability. d. This demonstrates high test-retest reliability. Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. Topic: Three Fundamental Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 8. A valid test __________. a. measures what it is designed to measure b. yields consistent results c. is standardized d. is rarely reliable Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. Topic: Three Fundamental Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 9. Which of the following statements differentiates reliability from validity? a. Reliable tests are generally valid. b. Valid tests are usually reliable. c. There is no relationship between reliability and validity. d. In order for a test to be reliable, it must be valid. Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. Topic: Three Fundamental Concepts Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 10. An individual’s psychological test results are often compared with a distribution of test scores from a large normative population. In order to accomplish this, test administration, scoring, and interpretation must be consistent from one person to the next. What is this process called? a. Validity b. Standardization c. Reliability d. T-score distribution 5 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. Topic: Three Fundamental Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 11. Laurence is curious to know whether his patient’s psychological test score is low, average, or high along a standardized distribution of scores. Laurence is interested in the __________. a. Validity b. Standardization c. Reliability d. T-score distribution Answer: d Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. Topic: Three Fundamental Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 12. Which statement accurately describes the role of assessment? a. Assessment is important only at the initial meeting with the client. b. The initial assessment rarely results in a treatment plan. c. Assessment is ongoing and necessary at various points during treatment. d. Assessment is less important than treatment. Answer: c Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Topic: The Nature and Goals of Assessment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 13. Roxanne is agitated, clenches her jaw, and is unable to remember her address. The clinician takes careful note of Roxanne’s symptoms and behaviors, which are also known as the __________. a. presenting problem b. emerging diagnosis c. underlying problem d. clinical diagnosis Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Topic: The Nature and Goals of Assessment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 14. What role does social context play in assessment? a. Social context is not considered during assessment, only during diagnosis. b. An evaluation of the environment in which the client lives is necessary in order to understand the demands they face, as well as the supports that are present. c. Environmental factors are usually the proximal cause of mental disorders and frequently need to be addressed before any form of treatment commences. d. Social context need only be considered when a course of treatment is being selected; significant others in the client’s life should be the primary decision makers. Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Topic: The Nature and Goals of Assessment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 15. Barry is the primary caretaker for his wife, Ellen, who suffers from end-stage Alzheimer’s disease. Lately, Barry has found that he is quick to cry, quicker to anger, unable to focus, and often unable to sleep through the night. Which statement accurately describes how a clinician might assess Barry’s symptoms? a. Barry’s symptoms reflect typical decline due to aging. b. Many spouses are caretakers and experience little to no distress; Barry is just overly sensitive. c. Barry’s caretaking role is demanding and may be the source of his psychological distress. d. Barry is most likely experiencing signs of an underlying severe mental disorder. Answer: c Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Topic: The Nature and Goals of Assessment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 16. As a clinician is assessing the social context in which a client functions, which question best represents the concept of dynamic formulation? a. What about the adult client’s childhood may be driving their current behavior? b. What are the person’s notable deficits in social skills? c. What is the current situation and how might it drive the client’s current and future behavior? d. What current stressors explain the client’s past behaviors? Answer: c Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. 7 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: The Nature and Goals of Assessment Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 17. Sources of influence that can have a critical impact on the assessment process are the __________, the influence of professional orientation, and the trust and rapport between the clinician and the client. a. role of culture b. role of religion c. role of medical insurance coverage d. role of clinician ethnicity Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. Topic: Important Factors Influencing Assessment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 18. Which statement accurately reflects the impact of cultural factors on assessment? a. Cultural factors are not considered during assessment, only during final diagnosis. b. In order to use tests in a culturally competent manner, clinicians need to consider the dominant language of their clients. c. In an effort to maintain an unbiased assessment, clinicians should refrain from considering the cultural factors of their clients. d. In order to create an effective treatment plan, clinicians need to consider the dominant language of their clients. Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. Topic: Ensuring Culturally Sensitive Assessment Procedures Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 19. Which of the following is a true statement about assessment and professional orientation? a. Regardless of whether a therapist is behaviorally or psychodynamically oriented, the same basic assessment procedures are employed. b. The focus of the assessment will be largely determined by the professional orientation of the clinician. c. While some assessment procedures will vary, a biological screening and the administration of a personality test are components of all assessments. 8 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. The assessment techniques employed will serve to reveal the causal factors that are most consistent with the clinician’s orientation. Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. Topic: The Influence of Professional Orientation Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 20. The need for rapport between a clinician and a client means that __________. a. the clinician and the client must feel friendly toward each other b. someone who is court ordered will be an easy client c. clients don’t need to be given any feedback about their test performance d. the client must feel comfortable with the clinician and the assessment Answer: d Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. Topic: Trust and Rapport Between the Clinician and the Client Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 21. Information disclosed between client and clinician, such as test results, is released to a third party only if the client signs an appropriate release form. This illustrates the concept of __________. a. professional orientation b. cultural sensitivity c. confidentiality d. referral Answer: c Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. Topic: Trust and Rapport Between the Clinician and the Client Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 22. Kemal’s therapist provided a great deal of feedback on his test results, while Rayna did not hear from her therapist about the results of her test. Which statement describes the likely outcome? a. Rayna will show a significant increase in symptoms. b. Kemal will experience a significant decline in symptoms. 9 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. Rayna and Kemal will both experience significant increases in their self-esteem due to their understanding of their own resources. d. Kemal will experience a decline in self-esteem due to his knowledge of his test results. Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. Topic: Trust and Rapport Between the Clinician and the Client Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 23. The central element of the assessment process is __________. a. a physical examination b. an assessment of the global level of functioning c. the administration of the MMPI d. a clinical interview Answer: d Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Clinical Interviews Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 24. What is an advantage of a fully structured interview? a. It maximizes reliability. b. The variety in the questions asked from client to client results in a broad-based database. c. It ensures confidentiality. d. Answers are open-ended and expansive with detail. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Clinical Interviews Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 25. Dr. Black is doing research in which she must diagnose clients at a mental health clinic. Because diagnostic reliability is of great concern in research, she will most likely establish diagnoses by using __________. a. open-ended interviews b. structured assessment interviews 10 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. the mental status exam d. time-limited interviews that last the same length of time for each client, although the questions may differ Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Clinical Interviews Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 26. Which type of interview format do clients believe is the most sensitive to their needs or problems? a. Open-ended interviews b. Structured assessment interviews c. The mental status exam d. Unstructured assessment interviews Answer: d Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Clinical Interviews Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 27. A clinical psychologist notes that a client wears his clothes inside out, that his hair is matted, and that there is dirt under his fingernails. This information is known as __________. a. clinical observation b. self-monitoring c. a dynamic formulation d. an observational decision tree Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: The Clinical Observation of Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 28. Dr. asks Julie to pretend that he is her father as part of his psychosocial assessment of Julie. Which of the following would this be an example of? a. An unstructured interview b. Staged role-playing 11 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. Projective assessment d. Self-monitoring Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: The Clinical Observation of Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 29. A behaviorally oriented clinician tells her alcohol-dependent client: “Here is a checklist I want you to fill out each day. Whenever you feel you need a drink, you should indicate what you were thinking, where you were, who you were with, and whether you went ahead and drank.” What procedure is the clinician using? a. Self-monitoring b. Rating scales c. Self-analysis d. Mental status exam Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: The Clinical Observation of Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 30. The reliability, organization, and objectivity of the assessment interview may be enhanced by the use of __________. a. a flexible, open-ended interview rather than a structured interview b. the TAT c. the Rorschach test d. rating scales Answer: d Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: The Clinical Observation of Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 31. There are two general categories of psychological tests used in clinical practice. They are __________. a. intelligence tests and personality tests 12 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. projective tests and sentence completion tests c. neuropsychological tests and standardized tests d. intelligence tests and rating scales Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Psychological Tests Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 32. Which of the following statements about individually administered IQ tests is correct? a. They typically take less than an hour to give and interpret. b. They have low reliability. c. Many settings and cases don’t require the kind of detailed knowledge they give. d. They are time-consuming and expensive. Answer: d Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Psychological Tests Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 33. The goal of a projective test is to __________. a. predict a person’s future behavior b. assess the way a patient interprets ambiguous stimuli c. compare a patient’s responses to those of persons who are known to have mental disorders d. assess the role of organic factors in a patient’s thinking Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Psychological Tests Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 34. Which of the following would be an example of a projective technique? a. Vito, a troubled teen, is asked to select statements that he feels describe him. b. Pauline, an alcoholic, is told to record the times at which she feels the greatest desire for a drink. c. Maggie, an elderly woman, is asked to recall the day her father died. 13 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. Michael, a child, is asked to draw his family. Answer: d Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Psychological Tests Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 35. Which of the following best explains why the Rorschach is less likely to be used today? a. Other projective approaches have been found to be more reliable. b. Treatment facilities often require other types of information than the Rorschach provides, and insurance companies do not pay for it. c. It is inexpensive and time efficient in comparison to other projective techniques. d. The Rorschach is only useful as a means of aiding clients in self-discovery; it has no true clinical utility. Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Psychological Tests Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 36. Several clinicians look at the TAT results of a hospitalized patient. The patient described the characters on a card as not speaking to each other. One clinician says this means the patient has a lot of unresolved anger. Another says it means the patient has a lot of social anxiety. A third says he thinks it means the patient is uninterested in people and prefers to be alone. This demonstrates the following problem with the TAT: __________. a. scoring and interpretation is very subjective b. the pictures on the cards are new and updated c. the amount of time it takes to score and interpret it d. the lack of training of clinicians on using it Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Psychological Tests Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 37. Which of the following would best address recent criticisms of the TAT? a. Making the images less ambiguous 14 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. Allowing more time for the client to respond c. Using more modern pictures d. Relying only on manuals for interpretation Answer: c Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Psychological Tests Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 38. The MMPI is __________. a. a structured approach to personality assessment b. the most commonly used test of intelligence c. a rating scale used to determine how comparable one is to individuals with various psychiatric diagnoses d. a recently developed objective approach to personality assessment Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Psychological Tests Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 39. One limitation of the MMPI-2 is that it __________. a. cannot detect whether an individual is attempting to distort his or her responses b. requires a clinical interview as a supplement to the test itself c. is based on factor analysis, which often leads to measures that sacrifice validity for the sake of reliability, without intending to do so d. requires an individual to be literate Answer: d Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Psychological Tests Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 40. Dr. Kim is a psychologist who uses a number of tests to measure a person’s cognitive, perceptual, and motor performance to detect brain damage. Dr. Kim is probably a specialist in using __________. a. neuropsychological assessment 15 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) c. computed tomography (CT) d. functional electroencephalograms (EEGs) Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Topic: The Neuropsychological Examination Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 41. Which of the following would be used to reveal how the brain responds when anticipating and then receiving a reward? a. Computed tomography (CT) scan b. Electroencephalogram (EEG) c. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) d. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Topic: Neurological Approaches to Assessment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 42. One advantage of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over the computed tomography (CT) scan is that the MRI __________. a. is not an invasive procedure b. provides better differentiation and clarity c. measures the metabolic processes of the brain d. does not require a claustrophobic cylinder-shaped machine Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Topic: Neurological Approaches to Assessment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 43. Dr. Smith believes that a decrease in frontal lobe function underlies the cognitive deficits seen in schizophrenia. He has hypothesized that effective drug therapy serves to selectively increase metabolic activity in this part of the brain. Which of the following is Dr. Smith most likely to use to test his hypothesis? a. Computed tomography (CT) scans b. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) c. Positron emission tomography (PET) scans 16 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. An electroencephalogram (EEG) Answer: c Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Topic: Neurological Approaches to Assessment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 44. Dr. Brangkess says, “Their beneficial features are their ability to map ongoing psychological activities of the brain without injecting radioactive substances into the patient’s body. In addition, they are much more widely available procedures than what was used before.” What is Dr. Brangkess describing? a. Positron emission tomography (PET) scans b. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) c. Electroencephalograms (EEGs) d. Computed tomography (CT) scans Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Topic: Neurological Approaches to Assessment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 45. Which of the following would be an important factor to keep in mind when assessing behaviors exhibited during an assessment and how those behaviors might be interpreted? a. Validity of the instrument b. Relevance of the data to a national sample c. Not having enough data about a person d. Underemphasis on the external situation Answer: d Learning Objective: 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. Topic: Integrating Assessment Data and Optimizing Decision Making Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 46. Some psychological tests may not elicit valid information from a client who is part of a minority group. This may mean the psychological test has __________. a. a clinician bias b. a client bias c. a theoretical orientation bias d. a cultural bias 17 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: d Learning Objective: 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. Topic: Integrating Assessment Data and Optimizing Decision Making Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 47. Mokka is a psychiatrist trained in the psychoanalytical approach to psychiatry, while his copartner, Betsy, was trained in a program that emphasized the behavioral approach. According to assessment guidelines, which statement accurately describes best practices in assessment? a. Mokka should use only the psychoanalytical approach to psychiatry to define his client’s assessment. b. Betsy should use only the behavioral approach to psychiatry to define her client’s assessment. c. Mokka and Betsy are better served if they discuss their differing views and come together to develop a collaborative, multifaceted assessment approach. d. Mokka and Betsy should consider using completely different approaches to their assessments. Answer: c Learning Objective: 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. Topic: Integrating Assessment Data and Optimizing Decision Making Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 48. Why is classification a necessary first step in developing an understanding of abnormal behavior? a. Abnormal behavior is not abnormal until it has been classified as such. b. Communication about abnormal behavior cannot be effective unless what is being discussed is clear. c. Only through development of a classification system can abnormal and normal behavior be differentiated. d. Unless an adequate classification system exists, all descriptions of abnormality will necessarily be subjective. Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Topic: Classifying Abnormal Behavior Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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49. Which approach to the classification of abnormal behavior uses statistical criteria to differentiate between normal and abnormal? a. Categorical b. Dimensional c. Prototypal d. Situational Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Topic: Approaches to Classification Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 50. If a diagnosis is made by comparing a subject with a “theoretical ideal” of an illness, which type of classification scheme is being used? a. Categorical b. Dimensional c. Prototypal d. Evolutionary Answer: c Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Topic: Approaches to Classification Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 51. Dr. Hunter is studying personality. He decides that he will classify his subjects into varying levels of intensity on personality traits, based on how far they statistically fall above the average score of a “normal person.” He is using a __________ approach. a. categorical b. dimensional c. prototypal d. discrimination Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Topic: Approaches to Classification Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 52. Symptoms are to signs as __________ is to __________. a. subjective; objective b. complaint; treatment 19 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. assessment; diagnosis d. projective; objective Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Topic: Formal Diagnostic Classification of Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 53. A clinician was in an assessment interview with a woman of East Indian descent. The clinician realized there might be some cultural values and attitudes that could influence how questions were interpreted and answered. Which of the following would help the clinician obtain information about the potential impact of the woman’s culture on her mental healthcare? a. GAF b. DSM c. CFI d. ICD Answer: c Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Topic: Formal Diagnostic Classification of Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 54. Sherolyn is in fourth grade and has been having trouble sitting still and remaining focused on her schoolwork. Her teacher speaks with her parents about this and suggests that they see a clinician for an assessment. What is one problem with the DSM system that would make her parents reluctant to send her for an assessment? a. The diagnosis would become a label that would stick with Sherolyn. b. The diagnosis would not provide information on current functioning. c. The diagnosis would not provide enough information for treatment. d. The diagnosis would be a temporary measure that would not identify maladaptive behaviors. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Topic: Formal Diagnostic Classification of Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 55. What is a major criticism of diagnostic labels? a. Labels can influence other people’s perception of the diagnosed person and the diagnosed person’s perception of themselves in negative ways. 20 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. There are so many different systems of diagnosis that it is hard to understand what an individual diagnosis means. c. The DSM-5 wording is so complicated to use that few people are able to use it well. d. They make other information unnecessary, and so restrict the type of services that insurance will cover. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Topic: Formal Diagnostic Classification of Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 56. Which statement exemplifies the importance of cultural considerations in the DSM-5? a. Cultural considerations rarely bias the assessment and subsequent client diagnosis. b. Client ethnicity is irrelevant to psychiatric assessment. c. People who have not been acculturated to their environment can appear more psychologically disturbed. d. Clients have significantly better outcomes when they see a clinician of the same culture. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Topic: Formal Diagnostic Classification of Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. SHORT ANSWER 57. Why is the establishment of trust important when conducting a psychological assessment? Answer: When conducting an assessment, a clinician wants to develop as clear a picture of the client’s situation as possible. The client needs to understand that the information gained in the assessment process will aid the clinician in determining how best to address his or her problem. Providing feedback to the client during the assessment process may even lead to some improvement, as the client’s self-understanding increases. By establishing a trusting relationship with the client, the clinician increases the likelihood of eliciting useful information. Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. Topic: Trust and Rapport Between the Clinician and the Client Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 58. What is the goal of psychosocial assessment? Answer: The goal of psychosocial assessment is to develop an understanding of how the client functions in his or her social environment. The focus is on how the client interacts with his or her social environment, as well as the elements that are present in that environment that might need to be addressed as part of treatment. Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Methods of Psychosocial Assessment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 59. What is an analogue situation? Answer: An analogue situation is a controlled environmental setting in which a clinical observation is conducted. Through the creation of such situations, the client’s ability to function in specific types of interactions can be assessed. Examples of analogue situations include role-playing, event re-enactment, and think-aloud procedures. Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: The Clinical Observation of Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 60. What is a projective test? Answer: A projective test is a test designed to measure personal characteristics. Projective tests are intended to be an unstructured means of revealing what is on someone’s mind. Examples of projective tests include the TAT and the Rorschach Test. Both ask the client to provide an interpretation of an ambiguous stimulus. It is assumed that the explanation provided will involve some “projection” of the client’s own issues. Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Psychological Tests Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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61. What are the pros and cons of projective and objective personality tests? Answer: Projective tests have great strengths—they focus on unique aspects of personality and allow for exploration of many issues; however, they are often hard to interpret and can be subjective and unreliable. Objective tests are very reliable and do not require subjective interpretation, but they are limited in what they cover, require the cooperation of the testtaker, and may require above-average reading levels. Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Psychological Tests Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 62. What are two problems with diagnostic labeling? Answer: People, including professionals, may just accept the label as a complete description of a person and not inquire further. Diagnostic labeling can keep people from evaluating the person with the label in an objective manner. It can unfairly influence clinical expectations and treatment choices. It may cause the labeled person to lose morale and self-esteem. Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Psychological Tests Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 63. What is the difference between an unstructured and a structured diagnostic interview? Which is preferable? Answer: Just as assessment interviews may be either unstructured or structured, so may diagnostic interviews. When an interview is unstructured, the clinician does not ask a standard set of questions; thus the information obtained with each client is likely to be very different. The clinician is free to take the questioning in whatever direction the responses lead. In a structured interview, the questions that are asked and the nature of the information obtained are predetermined. A structured diagnostic interview is preferable, as its use is likely to improve diagnostic reliability. Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Topic: Clinical Interviews Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 23 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

64. What is comorbidity? Answer: Comorbidity refers to the occurrence of two or more disorders in an individual simultaneously. Comorbid diagnoses are quite common. Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Topic: Approaches to Classification Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. ESSAY 65. Discuss the sources of influence that must be kept in mind when evaluating assessment findings. Answer: In the assessment process, information is gathered about the client. A variety of testing procedures may be employed, addressing both the physical and psychosocial status of the client. Assessment data are then used to plan or alter treatment plans. Such data, however, must be interpreted, and the limitations of both the test instruments and the clinician need to be considered during this process. Cultural bias, for example, may be introduced by either a testing instrument or the clinician. In addition, the clinician may tend to interpret information in a manner that is consistent with his or her theoretical orientation, as opposed to striving to take a more objective view of the information presented. There may also be a tendency to focus on the client, as opposed to recognizing that the presenting symptoms may be more of a reflection of environmental circumstances, rather than some internal process. It also must be recognized that not all assessment procedures have been validated, and that in the end more data may be needed to truly understand the client and his or her condition. The evaluation of assessment data is ultimately a subjective process, requiring caution to limit potential errors. GRADING RUBRIC: 6 points total, 2 for each of 3 issues. Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. Topic: Ensuring Culturally Sensitive Assessment Procedures; The Influence of Professional Orientation Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 66. Compare and contrast MRIs, PET scans, and fMRI. Answer: The MRI measures variations in magnetic fields. It then computes and depicts cross sections of organs such as the brain with great clarity. It is noninvasive and allows for visualization of all but the tiniest brain structures. Its major problem is the claustrophobic 24 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

reaction some people have to the procedure. PET scans track substances as they are metabolized by the brain. They can show how the brain is functioning—and they can help identify areas that are functioning abnormally, even in ways that might not be obvious anatomically. Their major problem is their low-fidelity pictures, which have so far limited their value. The fMRI measures changes in blood flow in the brain. It is possible to map ongoing psychological activity and show which areas of the brain are involved in different activities. However, like MRIs, these are very sensitive to movement, which can cause false results. Also, fMRIs are often very hard to interpret. GRADING RUBRIC: 6 points, 2 for accurately describing each imaging technique. Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Topic: Neurological Approaches to Assessment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 67. Discuss the difference between symptoms and signs, and explain why both concepts are important in DSM-5 diagnosis. Answer: The criteria that define the recognized categories of disorder consist for the most part of symptoms and signs. The term symptoms generally refers to the patient’s subjective description, the complaints she or he presents about what is wrong. Signs, on the other hand, are objective observations that the diagnostician may make, either directly (such as the patient’s inability to look another person in the eye) or indirectly (such as the results of pertinent tests administered by a psychological examiner). To make any given diagnosis, the diagnostician must observe the particular criteria; that is, the symptoms and signs that the DSM-5 indicates must be met. GRADING RUBRIC: 6 points, 2 for correctly identifying signs, 2 for correctly identifying symptoms, and 2 for correctly stating why both are important in diagnosis. Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Topic: Formal Diagnostic Classification of Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module Quiz 4.1: Three Fundamental Concepts EOM Q4.1.1 In his work with psychological test evaluation, Dr. Johnson stresses that a good assessment device must actually measure what it was designed to measure. Dr. Johnson is referring to the concept of __________. a) validity b) reliability Consider This: This is the degree to which a measure accurately represents the clinical phenomenon it claims to measure. 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. c) generalizability Consider This: This is the degree to which a measure accurately represents the clinical phenomenon it claims to measure. 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. d) standardization Consider This: This is the degree to which a measure accurately represents the clinical phenomenon it claims to measure. 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. Module: Three Fundamental Concepts Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q4.1.2 Jordan was seen simultaneously by two different psychologists who each complete the same standardized assessment to determine his presenting problem. Both psychologists determine that Jordan is suffering from Major Depressive Disorder. This consistency across psychologists suggests that the standardized assessment demonstrates strong __________. a) inter-rater reliability b) test-retest reliability Consider This: Remember that psychologists aim to create measures that yield consistent results across the psychologists using them. 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. c) inter-rater validity Consider This: Remember that psychologists aim to create measures that yield consistent results across the psychologists using them. 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. d) validity Consider This: Remember that psychologists aim to create measures that yield consistent results across the psychologists using them. 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. Module: Three Fundamental Concepts 26 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q4.1.3 __________ is a process by which a psychological test is administered, scored, and interpreted in a consistent or uniform manner. a) Standardization b) Validation Consider This: It is important that all people taking the same assessment measure be held to identical benchmarks used to assess their results. 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. c) Interpolation Consider This: It is important that all people taking the same assessment measure be held to identical benchmarks used to assess their results. 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. d) Stratification Consider This: It is important that all people taking the same assessment measure be held to identical benchmarks used to assess their results. 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. Module: Three Fundamental Concepts Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 4.2: The Nature of Goals Assessment EOM Q4.2.1 The major symptoms or behaviors that a client is experiencing are called the __________. a) presenting problem b) initial complaint Consider This: This is what usually drives a person to seek out professional assistance. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. c) primary issue Consider This: This is what usually drives a person to seek out professional assistance. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. d) formal diagnosis Consider This: This is what usually drives a person to seek out professional assistance. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Module: The Nature of Goals Assessment Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q4.2.2 Aaron tends to be very shy and laid back, and is generally inhibited in social situations. As a result, his boss does not see him as a leader and Aaron is repeatedly overlooked for promotions; this has caused Aaron to be very anxious and somewhat depressed. In this case Aaron has a __________ factor that is influencing his mental health. a) personality b) social context Consider This: Consider how various traits might interact with our behaviors and environment to impact psychological well-being. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. c) cognitive Consider This: Consider how various traits might interact with our behaviors and environment to impact psychological well-being. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. d) cultural Consider This: Consider how various traits might interact with our behaviors and environment to impact psychological well-being. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Module: The Nature of Goals Assessment Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q4.2.3 In addition to identifying patients' presenting problems, behavioral histories, intellectual functioning, and environmental pressures, clinical assessments can help to determine which of the following? a) effectiveness of therapy b) precise length of therapy Consider This: Assessments help to establish baseline psychological functioning and changes in this functioning over time. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. c) partner or parental role in therapy Consider This: Assessments help to establish baseline psychological functioning and changes in this functioning over time. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. d) cost of therapy Consider This: Assessments help to establish baseline psychological functioning and changes in this functioning over time. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Module: The Nature of Goals Assessment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q4.2.4 Nina is in seventh grade and currently refuses to go to school. She says she feels extreme anxiety at the thought of going to school, talking to her peers, and making it through the day. During the assessment, Nina reveals that she experiences a lot of bullying at school because of her lisp. This information highlights the importance of __________ in conceptualization of Nina's 28 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

psychological functioning. a) social factors b) personality Consider This: It is critical to understand patients' unique stressors and environmental demands to best conceptualize their psychological symptoms. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. c) behavioral history Consider This: It is critical to understand patients' unique stressors and environmental demands to best conceptualize their psychological symptoms. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. d) intellectual functioning Consider This: It is critical to understand patients' unique stressors and environmental demands to best conceptualize their psychological symptoms. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Module: The Nature of Goals Assessment Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q4.2.5 __________ involves integration of assessment information and the formation of hypotheses about what drives someone to behave in problematic ways. It also involves identifying the thoughts and behaviors that should form treatment targets to result in the most robust improvements. a) Dynamic formulation b) Personality formulation Consider This: This formulation should also allow the clinician to form hypotheses about patients' likelihood of improvement and the extent of improvement via treatment. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. c) Psychological functioning Consider This: This formulation should also allow the clinician to form hypotheses about patients' likelihood of improvement and the extent of improvement via treatment. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. d) Valid assessment Consider This: This formulation should also allow the clinician to form hypotheses about patients' likelihood of improvement and the extent of improvement via treatment. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Module: The Nature of Goals Assessment Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 4.3: Important Factors Influencing Assessment 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q4.3.1 Dr. Summerly is working with Bo, a Korean boy, age 15. She decides to give him an intelligence test to assess his cognitive skills. She will need to remember to select a test that has been adapted and validated for a person from Korea. This sort of understanding of and attention to these factors is called __________. a) cultural competence b) multiethnic regard Consider This: This might also involve consideration of language skills and diverse social mores and values. 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. c) external validation Consider This: This might also involve consideration of language skills and diverse social mores and values. 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. d) interrater reliability Consider This: This might also involve consideration of language skills and diverse social mores and values. 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. Module: Important Factors Influencing Assessment Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q4.3.2 Whereas a psychodynamic therapist might rely on the information from a projective test (e.g., Rorschach inkblots or Thematic Apperception Test), a humanistic therapist might rely more on the data gathered from an unstructured interview. This demonstrates the importance of __________ on the process of assessment and evaluation. a) professional orientation b) personal preference Consider This: Remember that a clinician does not have to limit him- or herself to a given way of viewing a therapeutic situation. Many are quite varied in their approaches. 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. c) personality factors Consider This: Remember that a clinician does not have to limit him- or herself to a given way of viewing a therapeutic situation. Many are quite varied in their approaches. 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. d) subjective measures Consider This: Remember that a clinician does not have to limit him- or herself to a given way of viewing a therapeutic situation. Many are quite varied in their approaches. 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. Module: Important Factors Influencing Assessment Skill Level: Understand 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q4.3.3 Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in an assessment providing inaccurate or insufficient information? a) Cora feels uncomfortable during her assessment because she is not sure whether her responses will be shared with her mom. b) Eddie feels sad during his assessment as he discloses his recent struggle with feelings of sadness and fatigue. Consider This: Clinicians should take steps to ensure their clients feel safe and at ease disclosing sensitive information during an assessment. 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. c) Janelle feels hopeless during her assessment as she describes that she was recently fired from her last two jobs. Consider This: Clinicians should take steps to ensure their clients feel safe and at ease disclosing sensitive information during an assessment. 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. d) Leo feels a little embarrassed when describing recent preoccupation with his shorter-thanaverage height. Consider This: Clinicians should take steps to ensure their clients feel safe and at ease disclosing sensitive information during an assessment. 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. Module: Important Factors Influencing Assessment Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q4.3.4 Clients who receive appropriate test feedback after an assessment tend to __________. a) improve b) get worse Consider This: Gaining a more informed perspective on the issues one is experiencing can be helpful in and of itself. 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. c) feel ashamed Consider This: Gaining a more informed perspective on the issues one is experiencing can be helpful in and of itself. 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. d) show no noticeable change from pre- to post-assessment Consider This: Gaining a more informed perspective on the issues one is experiencing can be helpful in and of itself. 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment 31 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

process. Module: Important Factors Influencing Assessment Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 4.4: Methods of Psychosocial Assessment EOM Q4.4.1 According to research data, which type of assessment interview provides the most reliable results? a) structured b) unstructured Consider This: By using a predetermined set of questions, individual bias and subjectivity are significantly reduced. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. c) subjective Consider This: By using a predetermined set of questions, individual bias and subjectivity are significantly reduced. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. d) semi-structured Consider This: By using a predetermined set of questions, individual bias and subjectivity are significantly reduced. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Module: Methods of Psychosocial Assessment Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q4.4.2 Because some clinical issues often cannot be observed in the real world, clinicians often use __________ situations. These can involve role-playing, reenactment, family interaction assignments, or think-aloud procedures. a) analogue b) unrealistic Consider This: These involve more controlled, rather than naturalistic, settings to observe behaviors and interactions. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. c) naturalistic Consider This: These involve more controlled, rather than naturalistic, settings to observe behaviors and interactions. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. d) duplicated Consider This: These involve more controlled, rather than naturalistic, settings to observe 32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

behaviors and interactions. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Module: Methods of Psychosocial Assessment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q4.4.3 Intelligence testing, though a source of important information about cognitive functioning, suffers from a number of potential limitations. Which of the following is one of those issues? a) Some clinical settings might not provide the time or funding to use these tests. b) The computers needed to score these tests are not always available. Consider This: It takes quite a bit of training to learn to administer this rather lengthy assessment tool. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. c) The assessment must be sent off for standardized scoring and can take 2 to 3 weeks to get back. Consider This: It takes quite a bit of training to learn to administer this rather lengthy assessment tool. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. d) Research data find that most people score within 15 points of one another on these tests, making them a poor method of distinguishing between clients. Consider This: It takes quite a bit of training to learn to administer this rather lengthy assessment tool. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Module: Methods of Psychosocial Assessment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q4.4.4 Which of the following would you want to use if you were interested in administering an objective personality test to a client? a) a rating scale b) a projective test Consider This: Questions or items are carefully phrased and alternative responses are specified as choices. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. c) a Rorschach Inkblot Test Consider This: Questions or items are carefully phrased and alternative responses are specified as choices. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale Consider This: Questions or items are carefully phrased and alternative responses are specified as choices. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Module: Methods of Psychosocial Assessment Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q4.4.5 For various reasons, people taking the MMPI-2 might go into a testing situation planning on answering in a specific way to make themselves look extra bad or extra good. How does the MMPI-2 deal with this possibility? a) For various reasons, people taking the MMPI-2 might go into a testing situation planning on answering in a specific way to make themselves look extra bad or extra good. How does the MMPI-2 deal with this possibility? b) The MMPI-2 is always given alongside other measures to see if the results are consistent. Consider This: The measure is statistically normed in such a way as to detect dishonest response patterns. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. c) The tool cannot distinguish honest from dishonest responding, which is why the clinician must be well-trained in interpreting the results. Consider This: The measure is statistically normed in such a way as to detect dishonest response patterns. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. d) The MMPI-2 has an "honor statement" at the start of the measure that reminds people that dishonest responding is unethical. Consider This: The measure is statistically normed in such a way as to detect dishonest response patterns. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Module: Methods of Psychosocial Assessment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 4.5: Physical Assessment EOM Q4.5.1 In cases where physical symptoms are part of the presenting clinical picture, a referral for __________ is recommended. a) a medical examination 34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b) psychotropic medication Consider This: Such a referral would help eliminate causes that may negate the need for psychotherapeutic intervention. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. c) a psychosurgical consultation Consider This: Such a referral would help eliminate causes that may negate the need for psychotherapeutic intervention. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. d) hypnotherapy Consider This: Such a referral would help eliminate causes that may negate the need for psychotherapeutic intervention. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Module: Physical Assessment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q4.5.2 An __________ is a graphical record of the brain's electrical activity. a) EEG b) EKG Consider This: This type of information can be gathered while a person is awake or asleep. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. c) EMG Consider This: This type of information can be gathered while a person is awake or asleep. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. d) EOG Consider This: This type of information can be gathered while a person is awake or asleep. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Module: Physical Assessment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q4.5.3 Computed tomography (CT) scans have been increasingly replaced by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for several reasons, including which of the following? a) The MRI produces sharper images of the interior of the brain. b) The MRI shows how a physical structure is functioning, while the CT scan only shows anatomical features. Consider This: An MRI is able to differentiate subtle variations in soft tissue. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. c) The MRI subjects patients to ionizing radiation, and the CT scan does not. Consider This: An MRI is able to differentiate subtle variations in soft tissue. 4.5 Describe the 35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

methods used for physical and neurological assessment. d) An MRI is more complicated to administer than a CT scan. Consider This: An MRI is able to differentiate subtle variations in soft tissue. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Module: Physical Assessment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q4.5.4 Which neuroimaging technique provides metabolic portraits by tracking natural compounds, such as glucose, as they are metabolized by the brain or other organisms? a) PET scan b) EEG Consider This: The best answer may be able to reveal problems that are not immediately apparent anatomically. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. c) MRI Consider This: The best answer may be able to reveal problems that are not immediately apparent anatomically. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. d) CAT scan Consider This: The best answer may be able to reveal problems that are not immediately apparent anatomically. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Module: Physical Assessment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q4.5.5 Dr. Williamson believes that the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can help determine the exact neurological functions that underlie various psychiatric conditions. He has often said "soon fMRI will replace all other diagnostic methods for determining psychopathology." What does this chapter state about this claim? a) The fMRI is not currently considered to be a valid or useful diagnostic tool for mental disorders or for use in forensic evaluation. b) The fMRI has been found to be effective at identifying psychotic spectrum disorders, but for no other type of diagnostic category. Consider This: Investigators are optimistic that fMRI is useful for understanding brain functioning; however, it has its limitations beyond that at this point. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. c) The fMRI has been found inferior to standard MRI for such purposes. Consider This: Investigators are optimistic that fMRI is useful for understanding brain functioning; however, it has its limitations beyond that at this point. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. d) The fMRI has been found to be as good as or better than subjective clinical evaluation of 36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

psychopathology in almost every published study. Consider This: Investigators are optimistic that fMRI is useful for understanding brain functioning; however, it has its limitations beyond that at this point. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Module: Physical Assessment Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult End of Module Quiz 4.6: Integrating Assessment Data and Optimizing Decision Making EOM Q4.6.1 Dr. Swinburn has just finished an intake appointment with a new client, and she feels ready to make a diagnosis based on that one-hour conversation. She does not know that this client was not yet comfortable enough with the counseling process to share some important information with the therapist. Which factor is Dr. Swinburn forgetting to consider when she makes this diagnosis? a) the risk of premature evaluation b) insufficient validation of the assessment results Consider This: Jumping too quickly to diagnostic conclusions can jeopardize accurate diagnosis as well as the therapeutic relationship. 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. c) her own theoretical orientation as a clinician Consider This: Jumping too quickly to diagnostic conclusions can jeopardize accurate diagnosis as well as the therapeutic relationship. 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. d) the potential cultural bias that she brings to the counseling relationship Consider This: Jumping too quickly to diagnostic conclusions can jeopardize accurate diagnosis as well as the therapeutic relationship. 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. Module: Integrating Assessment Data and Optimizing Decision Making Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q4.6.2 Anna was hospitalized for depression after the death of her husband. According to the nursing staff, Anna has a passive-aggressive personality because she is slow to participate in activities. The nursing staff feels that treatment should focus on eradicating the alleged passive-aggressive personality characteristics. Which of the following factors affecting ethical assessment is being overlooked in this plan? a) underemphasis on the external situation 37 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b) potential cultural bias of the instrument or the clinician Consider This: How do life stressors play a major role in the behaviors observed with Anna? 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. c) theoretical orientation of the clinician Consider This: How do life stressors play a major role in the behaviors observed with Anna? 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. d) inaccurate data Consider This: How do life stressors play a major role in the behaviors observed with Anna? 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. Module: Integrating Assessment Data and Optimizing Decision Making Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q4.6.3 Which one of the following categories of assessment procedures is least likely to have problems with validity? a) personality scales b) fMRI for diagnosis Consider This: Many assessment procedures have not been subjected to strict psychometric validation. Consider whether normative comparisons have been made for a given procedure. 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. c) behavioral self-reports Consider This: Many assessment procedures have not been subjected to strict psychometric validation. Consider whether normative comparisons have been made for a given procedure. 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. d) projective assessment techniques Consider This: Many assessment procedures have not been subjected to strict psychometric validation. Consider whether normative comparisons have been made for a given procedure. 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. Module: Integrating Assessment Data and Optimizing Decision Making Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

End of Module Quiz 4.7: Classifying Abnormal Behavior EOM Q4.7.1 Having an agreed-upon __________ allows professionals to be confident that they are communicating clearly with each other and with laypersons. a) classification system b) test-retest reliability Consider This: Each profession has a language unto itself. Psychology is no different. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. c) set of public policies Consider This: Each profession has a language unto itself. Psychology is no different. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. d) informed consent acknowledgment Consider This: Each profession has a language unto itself. Psychology is no different. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Module: Classifying Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q4.7.2 Which of the following is an assumption of the categorical approach to classification? a) All human behavior can be divided into groups of "healthy" and "disordered." b) One's typical behavior is a product of differing intensities of action. Consider This: The categorical approach is very different from a dimensional approach to classification. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. c) A person's actions will naturally change and mature over different lifespan stages. Consider This: The categorical approach is very different from a dimensional approach to classification. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. d) Several people with the same diagnosis might show a wide variety of different symptoms. Consider This: The categorical approach is very different from a dimensional approach to classification. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Module: Classifying Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q4.7.3 A(n) __________ is a conceptual entity depicting an idealized combination of characteristics that more or less regularly occur together in a less-than-perfect or standard way at the level of actual observation. a) prototype b) example Consider This: Some have suggested that the DSM should provide such a "perfect" example for 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

each disorder listed in the manual. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. c) schema Consider This: Some have suggested that the DSM should provide such a "perfect" example for each disorder listed in the manual. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. d) script Consider This: Some have suggested that the DSM should provide such a "perfect" example for each disorder listed in the manual. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Module: Classifying Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q4.7.4 Which classification system is widely used in Europe and other countries to assist with the assessment and diagnosis of a mental disorder? a) ICD-11 b) DSM-5 Consider This: Sometimes we have to consider how issues are considered internationally and not be focused exclusively on North American perspectives. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. c) PIC-8 Consider This: Sometimes we have to consider how issues are considered internationally and not be focused exclusively on North American perspectives. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. d) MHS-4 Consider This: Sometimes we have to consider how issues are considered internationally and not be focused exclusively on North American perspectives. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Module: Classifying Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q4.7.5 Why are high rates of comorbidity among mental illnesses used as evidence that the categorical approach to classification may be flawed? a) We may be giving multiple labels to the same underlying difficulties. b) It indicates that we cannot reliably assess a disorder. Consider This: Comorbidity is the co-occurrence of two or more mental disorders within one person. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. c) People may actually have multiple distinct mental illnesses. 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Comorbidity is the co-occurrence of two or more mental disorders within one person. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. d) It indicates that we lack necessary and sufficient causes of mental illness. Consider This: Comorbidity is the co-occurrence of two or more mental disorders within one person. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Module: Classifying Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Chapter Quiz: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis EOC Q4.1 Dr. Beggs wanted to determine if her patient was depressed. To assess this, she administered a test where her patient did as many jumping jacks as she could within a minute on four different occasions. Her patient completed almost the exact same number of jumping jacks each time. However, this test was not associated with her patient's depressive symptoms. Dr. Begg's test showed good __________ but poor __________. a) reliability; validity b) validity; reliability Consider This: Consistency across assessments does not guarantee that results are clinically useful. 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. c) standardization; validity Consider This: Consistency across assessments does not guarantee that results are clinically useful. 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. d) reliability; generalization Consider This: Consistency across assessments does not guarantee that results are clinically useful. 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization. Module: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q4.2 In a client assessment, clinicians must integrate client personal details and create a meaningful picture of the client from an array of information including the client's personality traits, behavior patterns, and environmental demands. Clinicians refer to this initial assessment as a dynamic formulation because __________. a) it encompasses information about the client's current situation and provides hypotheses about what may be driving the client's behavior b) trust between client and clinician has not developed in this early phase and it is highly unlikely that the client has revealed sufficient information necessary for a diagnosis Consider This: At the conclusion of this phase of assessment, the clinician should have a sense of 41 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

what motivated the client's actions and what future behaviors might occur. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. c) the assessment provides a framework that can be elaborated on with input from the client's family Consider This: At the conclusion of this phase of assessment, the clinician should have a sense of what motivated the client's actions and what future behaviors might occur. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. d) in order to increase future client participation in the assessment process, the client needs to leave the assessment feeling that a plan for help is in place Consider This: At the conclusion of this phase of assessment, the clinician should have a sense of what motivated the client's actions and what future behaviors might occur. 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Module: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q4.3 In his work with psychological test evaluation, Dr. Johnson stresses that a good assessment device must actually measure what it was designed to measure. Dr. Johnson is referring to the concept of ________. a) validity b) reliability Consider This: This is the degree to which a measure accurately conveys to us something clinically important about the person whose behavior fits the category. 4.1 Identify the basic elements in assessment. c) generalizability Consider This: This is the degree to which a measure accurately conveys to us something clinically important about the person whose behavior fits the category. 4.1 Identify the basic elements in assessment. d) standardization Consider This: This is the degree to which a measure accurately conveys to us something clinically important about the person whose behavior fits the category. 4.1 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.1 Identify the basic elements in assessment. Module: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q4.4 Dr. Wang wants to administer an assessment with a new client who recently emigrated from Brazil and speaks only minimal English. After consulting with her colleagues, she finds a Portuguese version of the assessment that has been used a few times before. Before using the assessment, Dr. Wang should ensure __________. 42 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a) that the measure has been tested and validated for use with Brazilians b) that the translation is identical to the English version Consider This: Assessments that are translated or adapted can result in important differences that impact interpretation of results. 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. c) that the theoretical orientation of the test is the same as her own Consider This: Assessments that are translated or adapted can result in important differences that impact interpretation of results. 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. d) that her patient would not prefer to complete the English version of the assessment Consider This: Assessments that are translated or adapted can result in important differences that impact interpretation of results. 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process. Module: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q4.5 Research has supported the position that __________ assessment interviews yield more reliable results than do __________ assessment interviews. a) structured; unstructured b) unstructured; structured Consider This: With assessment interviews, clinicians tend to be overconfident in the accuracy of their own methods and judgments. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. c) computerized; web-based Consider This: With assessment interviews, clinicians tend to be overconfident in the accuracy of their own methods and judgments. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. d) face-to-face; computerized Consider This: With assessment interviews, clinicians tend to be overconfident in the accuracy of their own methods and judgments. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Module: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q4.6 The MMPI contains validity scales that measure __________ and clinical scales that measure __________. 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a) how truthful the client is in answering the questions; the client's tendency to answer questions in psychologically deviant ways b) how engaged the client is while taking the test; client willingness to disclose information Consider This: One subscale of the MMPI measures the degree to which a client may be faking disorder. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. c) the degree to which a client sees himself as deviant; client ability to think abstractly Consider This: One subscale of the MMPI measures the degree to which a client may be faking disorder. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. d) social judgment and reasoning; overall ability to meet daily life challenges Consider This: One subscale of the MMPI measures the degree to which a client may be faking disorder. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Module: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q4.7 Compared to structured interviews, semi-structured interviews tend to produce diagnoses with greater __________. However, a downside of semi-structured interviews is that they require extensive __________. a) validity; training b) reliability; subjectivity Consider This: In a semi-structured interview, the interviewer doesn't simply read preset questions and can ask follow-up questions to get a more complex view, but these interviews can only be performed by someone who is qualified. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. c) subjectivity; training Consider This: In a semi-structured interview, the interviewer doesn't simply read preset questions and can ask follow-up questions to get a more complex view, but these interviews can only be performed by someone who is qualified. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. d) test-retest reliability; subjectivity Consider This: In a semi-structured interview, the interviewer doesn't simply read preset questions and can ask follow-up questions to get a more complex view, but these interviews can only be performed by someone who is qualified. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Module: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Skill Level: Analyze 44 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q4.8 One of the criticisms of the norms of the Rorschach Inkblot Test is that __________. a) the system tends to overpathologize clients, making them appear more disturbed than they actually are b) the norms are dated and reflect prevailing attitudes and behaviors of a previous generation Consider This: This system compares client responses to responses noted with different clinical populations. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. c) the system tends to underpathologize clients, making them appear less disturbed than they actually are Consider This: This system compares client responses to responses noted with different clinical populations. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. d) many of the concepts reflected in the norms are psychodynamic and difficult to see as valid Consider This: This system compares client responses to responses noted with different clinical populations. 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment. Module: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q4.9 Why are neuropsychological assessments insufficient for diagnosis of mental disorders? a) Patients with different mental disorders often perform similarly on neuropsychological tests. b) Patients with mental disorders cannot validly complete neuropsychological tests. Consider This: Neuropsychological assessments provide insight into cognitive strengths and weaknesses. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. c) Neuropsychological assessments show poor test-retest reliability. Consider This: Neuropsychological assessments provide insight into cognitive strengths and weaknesses. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. d) It is not ethical to complete neuropsychological tests with people who have mental disorders. Consider This: Neuropsychological assessments provide insight into cognitive strengths and weaknesses. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Module: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q4.10 Neuropsychological tests are performance based and standardized. Which of the following 45 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

scenarios describes what this means? a) A fifth and a tenth grader completed the same IQ assessment. Even though the fifth grader earned fewer raw points than the tenth grader, they received the same overall IQ score. b) A fifth and a tenth grader completed the same IQ assessment. The fifth grader earned fewer raw points than the tenth grader, and thus received a lower IQ score. Consider This: To determine scores on neurological assessments, performance is compared to a reference group. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. c) A fifth and a tenth grader completed the same IQ assessment. Their performance was determined solely by their responses. Consider This: To determine scores on neurological assessments, performance is compared to a reference group. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. d) A fifth and a tenth grader completed the same IQ assessment. Their scores were determined by their raw performance on this measure. Consider This: To determine scores on neurological assessments, performance is compared to a reference group. 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment. Module: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q4.11 A native Mexican, who speaks Spanish and has limited English skills, reports feeling suicidal. He has been admitted to the psychiatric unit of a community hospital where the treatment team has ordered a psychological evaluation. Which psychologist would be the best choice for assessing this man? a) Vanessa, who is fluent in Spanish, French, and English and is the daughter of Mexican immigrant parents. b) Anna, a Native American woman who speaks Spanish fluently. Consider This: A psychologist may have difficulty accurately assessing the behavior of someone from a different cultural background. 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. c) Philip, a Hispanic man who is a third generation American and speaks basic Spanish. Consider This: A psychologist may have difficulty accurately assessing the behavior of someone from a different cultural background. 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. d) Michael, an African American man who is fluent in Spanish, has studied abroad in Spain, and has spent two summers doing aid work in Mexico with local farmers. Consider This: A psychologist may have difficulty accurately assessing the behavior of someone from a different cultural background. 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. Module: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Skill Level: Apply 46 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q4.12 Joanna was referred to an emergency room for evaluation because of a severe episode of depression. Which of the following scenarios represents how clinicians would reach a best estimate diagnosis for Joanna? a) An interdisciplinary treatment team discusses her assessment results, provides a tentative diagnosis, and makes treatment recommendations. b) A clinical psychologist interprets her assessment results, provides a tentative diagnosis, and makes treatment recommendations. Consider This: Clinical decisions based on assessments can have far-reaching implications for patients and their lives, and should be made with a lot of thought and care. 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. c) A psychiatrist interprets her assessment results, provides a tentative diagnosis, and makes treatment recommendations. Consider This: Clinical decisions based on assessments can have far-reaching implications for patients and their lives, and should be made with a lot of thought and care. 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. d) An interdisciplinary team discusses her assessment results, provides a tentative diagnosis, and then lets Joanna choose her ideal treatment. Consider This: Clinical decisions based on assessments can have far-reaching implications for patients and their lives, and should be made with a lot of thought and care. 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning. Module: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q4.13 Ben received a diagnosis of ADHD when referred for diagnostic testing after chronically misbehaving in class. His teacher recently noticed that his classmates were making fun of him. Which of the following events most likely led Ben's peers to make fun of him? a) watching him fidget in his seat and call out in class b) learning about his diagnosis of ADHD Consider This: Research suggests that stigma is more likely to stem from the behaviors that result in a psychiatric diagnosis than the diagnosis itself. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. c) learning about his referral for psychiatric evaluation Consider This: Research suggests that stigma is more likely to stem from the behaviors that result in a psychiatric diagnosis than the diagnosis itself. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. d) "boys being boys" Consider This: Research suggests that stigma is more likely to stem from the behaviors that result in a psychiatric diagnosis than the diagnosis itself. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to 47 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

classify abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Module: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q4.14 The psychiatric classification system presently used in the United States is __________. a) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) b) International Classification of Disease (ICD-11) Consider This: The diagnostic system used in the United States was developed by the American Psychiatric Association and is currently in its fifth edition. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. c) Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual Consider This: The diagnostic system used in the United States was developed by the American Psychiatric Association and is currently in its fifth edition. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. d) the Merck Manual Consider This: The diagnostic system used in the United States was developed by the American Psychiatric Association and is currently in its fifth edition. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Module: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q4.15 In psychiatric diagnosis, the term symptoms refers to __________; the term signs refers to __________. a) the patient's subjective description of the problem; the diagnostician's objective observations b) the diagnostician's objective observations; the patient's subjective description of the problem Consider This: Diagnosticians engage in the activities defined by this term in either direct or indirect ways. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. c) behaviors exhibited by the patient that are easy to observe; subtle indicators of psychiatric disturbance Consider This: Diagnosticians engage in the activities defined by this term in either direct or indirect ways. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. d) subtle indicators of psychiatric disturbance; behaviors exhibited by the patient that are easy to observe Consider This: Diagnosticians engage in the activities defined by this term in either direct or indirect ways. 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior. Module: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis 48 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 5: Stress and Physical and Mental Health Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Learning Objective

Question Type

Introduction

Multiple Choice

Remember the Facts

Understand the Concepts

Apply What You Know

Analyze It

5, 10, 13, 16

7, 13, 18

Short Answer Essay 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.

Multiple Choice

5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress.

Multiple Choice

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 15 9, 11, 17

Short Answer

65, 66, 67

Essay

73 19, 22, 23, 25, 24 26, 27, 28

Short Answer

Multiple Choice

Essay 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system.

74 29, 31, 32

33, 34, 35

36, 38

Short Answer Essay

5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions.

Multiple Choice

39, 40, 41, 42

Short Answer Essay

5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders.

Multiple Choice

75 44, 45

Short Answer

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Essay 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder.

Multiple Choice

47, 48, 49

53, 54, 57

52, 55, 56

Short Answer Essay

5.7 Describe the clinical Multiple Choice features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Short Answer

50, 51

Essay 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.

Multiple Choice

58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64

Short Answer

71, 72

Essay

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 5: Stress and Physical and Mental Health MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The term “stress” is used in the text to refer to __________. a. only those external events in our lives that challenge us b. any positive demand made on an organism c. the effects of external stressors within the organism d. anything that makes us unhappy Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: What Is Stress? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. Caleb is attending his freshman year of college. What are the chances that Caleb will report feeling overwhelmed by all he has to do and all he must accomplish? a. 25 percent b. 33 percent c. 55 percent d. 99 percent Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: What Is Stress? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3. Distress is __________. a. experienced when a situation is ambiguous b. a response to a positive situation c. the same thing as eustress d. a response to a negative situation Answer: d Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: What Is Stress? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

4. Physician Hans Selye, a specialist in endocrinology, __________. a. recognized that both happy and sad life events can be sources of stress b. conducted extensive research on the effects of stress on the immune system c. failed to acknowledge the role of the environment in adapting to stress d. focused on the cognitive component of the stress response Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: What Is Stress? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 5. A week after Monica and Jared married, they moved into their dream house. Two weeks later, Jared was laid off from his sales job. According to your understanding of the situations that produce stress, which of the following statements is likely true? a. Jared’s job layoff is more stressful than getting married or moving into their dream house. b. Getting married and moving into a house are more stressful than Jared’s job layoff. c. Monica and Jared are at risk of an early divorce due to Jared’s job layoff. d. Marriage and moving into a new house are equally as stressful as a job layoff. Answer: d Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: What Is Stress? Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 6. In the recently revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), a new category has been added. What is this new category? a. Stress not specified b. Trauma- and stressor-related disorders c. Stress and psychopathology d. Positive stressor disorders Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: Stress and the DSM Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

7. Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between predisposition to stress and the experience of stress? a. Children are most vulnerable to severe stressors such as divorce and remarriage. b. Adolescents raised by depressed parents are themselves more resilient to stressful events. c. High levels of optimism and self-esteem improve a person’s ability to cope with stress. d. Environmental factors rather than genetics determine one’s coping style for stress. Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: Factors Predisposing a Person to Stress Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 8. Which of the following factors is linked to a person’s ability to effectively cope with stress? a. Intelligence b. Social support c. Absence of the 5HTTLPR gene d. Early life stress Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: Factors Predisposing a Person to Stress Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 9. Which of the following stressors typically causes the most stress? a. A plane delay b. Getting a speeding ticket c. Gaining ten pounds d. Losing a job Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: Factors Predisposing a Person to Stress Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 10. Jackson and Sydnee were looking forward to a long-anticipated trip to celebrate Sydnee’s college graduation. A week before the trip, Jackson had a major argument with his father about 5 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

the family business. Jackson left angry and resentful. Which of the following statements describes how the argument between Jackson and his father will likely impact the trip? a. The couple will be unfazed by the argument and will enjoy their trip. b. Still feeling angry, Jackson will cancel the trip. c. Sydnee will enjoy the trip, but Jackson will not. d. Both Jackson and Sydnee will experience the argument’s negative impact on their trip. Answer: d Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: Characteristics of Stressors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 11. The term “crisis” refers to __________. a. any time a stressful situation exceeds one’s ability to cope b. encountering a number of stressors simultaneously c. a period of especially acute stress d. any encounter that requires a readjustment of self-concept Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: Characteristics of Stressors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 12. What is the difference between a stressor and a crisis? a. There is very little difference between the two concepts. b. While all crises are stressors, not all stressors are crises. c. There is a biological response to stress, but not to crisis. d. A stressor is an unexpected crisis. Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: Characteristics of Stressors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 13. Marissa is scheduled to have a tonsillectomy. Which of the following will lessen the impact of Marissa’s stress over the surgery? a. Holding unrealistic expectations about the stressor 6 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. Minimizing the use of social support c. Viewing a detailed video of the procedure before surgery d. Being uncertain as to how long the stressor will persist Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: Characteristics of Stressors Difficulty Level: Analyze It Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 14. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale __________. a. examines the role that coping plays in dealing with life changes b. did not acknowledge that happy events create life changes and, as a consequence, stress c. attempts to quantify the cumulative effect of common life experiences d. has been used to demonstrate that life events and health are not related Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: Measuring Life Stress Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 15. The Life Events and Difficulties Schedule __________. a. provides a quick way to assess stress responses and coping skills b. allows raters to consider unique circumstances around the same stressor c. focuses on how difficult life events are handled d. provides a timeline for describing the stress response Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: Measuring Life Stress Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 16. Moka has a high stress tolerance. What does this characterization tell us about Moka? a. He can function well in the face of a high level of stress. b. He is likely to be particularly vulnerable to slight frustration. c. He may feel threatened more readily than those with low stress tolerance. d. He is particularly vulnerable to acute stress disorder. Answer: a 7 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: Measuring Life Stress Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 17. Healthy psychological and physical functioning after a potentially traumatic event is called __________. a. coping b. resilience c. compensation d. adaptation Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: Resilience Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 18. Which of the following responses exemplifies the characteristic most beneficial after loss or trauma? a. “I don’t understand why this happened. Why me? Is this a sign that the universe is against me?” b. “This is awful! My life is ruined, and I don’t know how I will recover from this loss.” c. “I know it’s been ten years since the accident, but I still need to talk about it and can’t get past it.” d. “I realize my life won’t be the same, but I have a great support system and I will be stronger.” Answer: d Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: Resilience Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 19. What is the term for the biological cost of adapting to stress? a. Allostatic load b. Homeostatic load c. Sympathetic load d. Parasympathetic load Answer: a 8 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Topic: Stress and Physical Health Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 20. Reggie often finds that when he is ill, he is not able to cope effectively with the normal hassles of life. He finds himself becoming irritated by things that he would usually be able to ignore. Which of the following statements would explain this phenomenon? a. When using resources to deal with one stressor, the ability to tolerate additional stressors may be compromised. b. Major life changes may impair the ability to cope effectively with daily hassles. c. During the exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome, illness becomes likely. d. Allostatic load leads to psychological and biological vulnerability. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Topic: Stress and Physical Health Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 21. Which of the following statements accurately describes the impact of mental stress on physiological responses in the human body? a. For individuals who work, Monday is the most likely day for a heart attack. b. Mental stress lowers blood pressure. c. The heart muscle receives increased oxygen flow during times of mental stress. d. Increased levels of stress positively correlate with increased levels of dopamine. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Topic: Stress and Physical Health Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 22. What is the name of the system that is designed to mobilize resources and prepare a fight-orflight response? a. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system b. The cortex-thalamus cortisol system c. The sympathetic-adrenomedullary system d. The parasympathetic prefrontal cortex system Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Topic: The Stress Response 9 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 23. The stress glucocorticoid that is produced in humans is called __________ and __________. a. adrenaline; is always stable b. estrogen; does not respond to stress c. cortisol; prepares the body for fight or flight d. serotonin; prepares the body for sleep Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Topic: The Stress Response Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 24. Which of the following statements about stress is correct? a. The response an individual will have to a stressor can be easily predicted. b. Physical factors play a role in determining the severity of stress. c. Prolonged exposure to the stress hormone cortisol can damage brain cells. d. Changes in the level of one’s external support system are unrelated to stress reactions. Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Topic: The Stress Response Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 25. Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the interaction between the __________. a. nervous system and the immune system b. psychological system and the nervous system c. psychological system and the immune system d. nervous system and the hypothalamic system Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Topic: The Mind–Body Connection Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 26. Which of the following can cause stress-induced immunosuppression? a. Serotonin b. Adrenaline 10 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. GABA d. Glucocorticoids Answer: d Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Topic: The Mind–Body Connection Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 27. What are considered the “front line” of immune system defense? a. Antigens b. Cortisol c. Leukocytes d. Hypothalamus Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Topic: Understanding the Immune System Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 28. B-cells are cells that __________. a. engulf antigens b. produce antibodies c. harm the immune system d. are antigens Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Topic: Understanding the Immune System Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 29. Stress slows the healing of wounds by as much as __________ to __________ percent. a. 5; 10 b. 12; 15 c. 24; 40 d. 55; 70 Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Topic: Stress and Immune System Functioning Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 11 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 30. Prolonged stress leads to suppression of the immune system. What might explain the evolution of such a seemingly flawed reaction? a. There is no reasonable explanation for this. b. Susceptibility to disease would increase the likelihood of an early death. c. Immune suppression has no lasting effects on overall health. d. Such immune suppression might prevent the development of autoimmune illnesses. Answer: d Learning Objective: 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Topic: Stress and Immune System Functioning Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 31. What serve as chemical messengers and assist the communication between immune cells? a. Macrophages b. Cytokines c. Neurons d. B-cells Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Topic: Stress and Cytokines Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 32. What role do cytokines play in influencing the brain’s response to sickness? a. Cytokines cause the body to withdraw from the usual routine in order to rest and fully heal. b. Cytokines act on the muscle tissue and cause the body to ache. c. Cytokines cause dehydration and act as a signal to drink more water. d. Cytokines increase appetite Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Topic: Stress and Cytokines Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 33. Which of the following statements acccurately describes the correlation between adverse childhood experiences and life expectancy ? a. People who were under six years of age when their parents divorced live ten years less than children from intact families. 12 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. People who reported six or more adverse childhood events die nearly twenty years earlier than estimates of life expectancy. c. People who experienced traumatic childhood events are most likely to die from Alzheimer’s disease. d. Risk of death is 57 percent higher in women who experienced two or more adverse childhood experiences than it is in women who reported no adverse childhood events. Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Topic: Stress and Premature Aging Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 34. Stress tends to do what to telomeres? a. Increase their strength b. Decrease their strength c. Increase their physical length d. Decrease their physical length Answer: d Learning Objective: 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Topic: Stress and Premature Aging Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 35. Who is at greater risk of shortened telomeres? a. Chase, an extreme sports athlete b. Marcus, an overly optimistic dreamer c. Tito, who drinks soda rather than coffee d. Pepe, a Ph.D. in behavioral economics Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Topic: Stress and Premature Aging Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 36. What is Type D personality? a. The “depressed” type b. The “dysfunctional” type c. The “distressed” type d. The “detached” type Answer: c

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Topic: Personality Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 37. What seems to be the most important component for coronary heart disease in the Type A behavior pattern? a. Hostility b. Time urgency c. Competitiveness d. Work commitment Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Topic: Personality Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 38. People with heart disease are __________ times more likely than healthy people to be depressed. a. two b. three c. four d. five Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Topic: Depression Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 39. Deepak was recently diagnosed with heart disease. His wife does not understand why Deepak is withdrawn and no longer interested in going out with his friends for their weekly night of bowling. What is likely happening to Deepak? a. He is suffering from anhedonia. b. He has hypothyroidism. c. He is developing Type-A personality. d. His heart disease is causing social anxiety. Answer: a

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Topic: Depression Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 40. The results from a two-year follow-up of a 1994 study of 34,000 male professionals showed that sudden cardiac death was __________ times higher in men with the highest levels of anxiety. a. two b. four c. six d. eight Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Topic: Anxiety Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 41. Clyde is unmarried and has few friends. Why is he at greater risk for developing coronary heart disease than the general population? a. He is unlikely to seek help if he notices problems. b. Social isolation has been associated with increased risk for the disease. c. He has no knowledge of his problems. d. He is socially awkward and thus has increased risk for disease. Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Topic: Social Isolation and Lack of Social Support Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 42. Positive psychology is a school of thought that focuses on a person’s __________. a. strengths and virtues b. ability to achieve rewards c. mathematical abilities d. ability to distinguish right from wrong Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Topic: Positive Emotions Difficulty Level: Moderate 15 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 43. Which of the following statements exemplifies the relationship between emotions and coronary heart disease? a. Individuals who suppress negative emotions are at greater risk of cardiac disease. b. Individuals with high emotional regulation are the least likely to develop cardiac disease. c. Individuals who are easily angered can offset the negative effects of anger with exercise. d. Individuals who regularly let their emotions out have less risk of cardiac disease. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Topic: The Importance of Emotion Regulation Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 44. What is the term for the procedure that aims to make a patient more aware of such things as their heart rate, level of muscle tension, and blood pressure? a. Relaxation b. Meditation c. Hypnosis d. Biofeedback Answer: d Learning Objective: 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. Topic: Psychological Interventions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 45. What daily practice has been shown to effectively reduce blood pressure in African American patients diagnosed with chronic hypertension? a. Relaxation b. Meditation c. Hypnosis d. Biofeedback Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. Topic: Psychological Interventions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 16 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

46. Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship between stress and the onset of significant psychological disorders? a. Stress is both a necessary cause and a sufficient cause for the onset of a stress-related disorder. b. Stress in not a necessary cause for the onset of a stress-related disorder. c. Stress is a sufficient cause for the onset of a stress-related disorder. d. Stress is a necessary cause but not a sufficient cause for the onset of a stress-related disorder Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Topic: Psychological Interventions Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 47. For an adjustment disorder, the symptoms must appear within __________ months of the stressor. a. two b. three c. six d. nine Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Topic: Adjustment Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 48. According to the text, PTSD __________. a. is a diagnosis that entered the DSM in 1990 b. has few preexisting vulnerabilities c. has symptoms that tend to decrease with time in most people d. is viewed as an abnormal response to a normal stressor Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 49. According to the DSM-5, acute stress disorder becomes PTSD when __________. a. the trauma is an event out of the realm of normal life experience 17 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. the symptoms last for more than two weeks c. the symptoms last for more than four weeks d. the symptoms begin within six months of the trauma Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Topic: Acute Stress Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 50. Approximately __________ percent of women develop PTSD over the course of their lives, while __________ percent of men develop PTSD. a. 5; 10 b. 10; 4 c. 15; 12 d. 20; 5 Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Topic: Prevalence of PTSD in the General Population Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 51. “Combat exhaustion” was once known as __________. a. acute stress disorder b. shell shock c. PTSD d. war neurosis Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Topic: Rates of PTSD after Traumatic Experiences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 52. Feelings of control over stressors __________. a. do not make a difference when it comes to extremely severe stressors like torture b. can make a difference even for victims of torture—if the person feels they have some control, they tend to be less affected by the stressor over the long term c. can make people feel worse because they believe they should have been able to change what happened 18 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. can make a difference even for victims of torture—if the person feels they have some control, they tend to be more affected by the stressor over the long term Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Topic: Rates of PTSD after Traumatic Experiences Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 53. The impact of torture __________. a. is always a severe level of PTSD b. can vary depending on the type of torture used c. can vary depending on whether the torture was perceived as uncontrollable or not d. depends on whether the person previously had another psychological disorder Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Topic: Rates of PTSD after Traumatic Experiences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 54. Based on occupation, which of the following individuals would have the lowest rates of PTSD following rescue work during a major disaster? a. Waitresses comforting the injured at the medical tent b. Construction workers trying to clear rubble c. Teachers asked to hold bandages in place d. Police officers removing the seriously injured from the site Answer: d Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Topic: Rates of PTSD after Traumatic Experiences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 55. Why should we study the causal factors in PTSD, since we already know traumatic events cause it? a. Because if we do not study it, we will not diagnose it b. Because political lobbying requires the study of it c. Because victims often feel guilt over their reaction to the trauma d. Because not everyone who is exposed to a trauma develops PTSD 19 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: d Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Topic: Causal Factors in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 56. Why is there such a high likelihood of long-lasting psychological problems resulting from active combat experiences? a. Research has revealed that those who enlist are more likely to be emotionally unstable. b. When task-oriented coping strategies are ineffective, emotional breakdown is inevitable. c. Combat presents highly stressful situations for which there may be no truly effective coping mechanisms. d. Basic training is ineffective at preparing new recruits for any of the challenges they will likely face. Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Topic: Causal Factors in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 57. Which of the following will lower a soldier’s risk of developing PTSD? a. Having no prior experience in combat b. Believing strongly in the goals of the mission c. Being in combat in a familiar country d. Talking about combat experiences Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Topic: Sociocultural Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 58. Stress-inoculation training __________. a. involves learning new ways to think about an anticipated threat and then applying these techniques to several different types of threats b. prepares one to deal with a stressor by considering solutions to the problems that are likely to arise 20 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. is a form of cognitive preparation that can be used to minimize the impact of any life challenge d. can be used to prepare for almost any disaster Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Topic: Prevention Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 59. For which of the following would the use of stress-inoculation training be most effective? a. Preparing for chemotherapy b. Dealing with the aftermath of a rape c. Coping with the loss of a loved one d. Minimizing the impact of losing one’s home, after it is lost Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Topic: Prevention Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 60. Aria was in a terrible car accident in which several people were killed. A few weeks later, she began to talk about what happened. She told the story to anyone who would listen. This seems to be __________. a. a way to reduce anxiety and desensitize herself to the experience b. a maladaptive coping response that will heighten her distress c. a sign that she is beginning to develop PTSD d. a sign that she is in the shock stage of disaster syndrome Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Topic: Treatment for Stress Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 61. Following a disaster, debriefing sessions __________. a. provide those involved the chance to share their feelings and concerns b. are not necessary for experienced disaster workers c. tend to increase the anxiety felt by many victims 21 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. should be conducted by professionals Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Topic: Treatment for Stress Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 62. Despite the many barriers to effectively researching the effectiveness of disaster responses, it has been found that __________. a. treatment benefits everyone b. a single debriefing session is always an effective “quick fix” c. cognitive therapy reduces the PTSD symptoms of the majority of those who are treated d. more study in this area is not needed, as it is too expensive, too time consuming, and too subjective Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Topic: Treatment for Stress Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 63. A significant drawback to the use of medication for PTSD is that __________. a. although it can work well during the day, the person often continues to have nightmares and sleep disturbances b. there is still some doubt about the extent of its effectiveness c. it can make people overly sensitized to the “warning signs” of distress d. it can cause extreme fatigue and lethargy Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Topic: Treatment for Stress Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 64. Virtual reality exposure treatment for PTSD has been shown to have __________. a. no effect on PTSD symptoms b. a significant effect in increasing PTSD symptoms c. a significant effect in decreasing PTSD symptoms d. no scientific basis 22 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Topic: Treatment for Stress Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. SHORT ANSWER 65. What are two factors that predispose a person to have difficulty with stress? Answer: Factors predisposing a person to have difficulty dealing with stress include coping skills and the possession or lack of particular resources. Other factors include family members with depression, lower levels of optimism and psychological control, and the 5HTTLPR gene, as well as early stress in life. Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: Factors Predisposing a Person to Stress Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 66. How is the severity of stress measured? Answer: The severity of stress is measured by the degree to which it disrupts functioning. Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: Measuring Life Stress Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 67. What are two factors that can lessen the impact of a stressful situation? Answer: Choose two from these options: Understanding the nature of the situation, preparing for the stressful situation, perceiving that there may be some benefit, perceiving that one has control, feeling able to handle the event, and having adequate social support. Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: Resilience Difficulty Level: Moderate 23 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 68. What is the allostatic load? Answer: The biological cost of adapting to stress. Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Topic: Stress and Physical Health Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 69. List four symptoms of PTSD. Answer: The symptoms of PTSD are numerous and varied. They include nightmares, intrusive thoughts, irritability, insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Causes and Risk Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 70. Give some reasons why political activists who were tortured may be less affected by PTSD over the long term. Answer: Prior knowledge of, and preparedness for, torture, strong commitment to a cause, immunization against traumatic stress as a result of repeated exposure, and strong social supports have protective value against PTSD in survivors of torture. Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Topic: Treatment for Stress Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 71. What is stress-inoculation training? Answer: This is a means of preparing one to deal with an anticipated event. It involves learning and practicing new ways of coping with the event. It might be used, for example, prior to some form of painful medical treatment. Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. 24 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Treatment for Stress Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 72. What is the goal of post-disaster debriefing? Answer: Debriefing provides those who are affected by a traumatic situation the chance to share their experiences, feelings, and concerns. Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Topic: Treatment for Stress Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. ESSAY 73. Explain the terms “stress” and “stressor.” Discuss three factors that influence stress and complicate its study. Answer: Stress is the response to any demand placed on an organism. Those events that create stress are called stressors. An individual’s response to a given stressor is influenced by both internal and external factors, so no two people will respond in the same way to the same event, and a given person’s response may not always be the same. The impact of a stressor is largely determined by coping skills, an individual’s perception of the stressor, the number of other stressors the individual is facing, and any existing predisposition to stress vulnerability. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 2 points for defining “stress,” 2 points for defining “stressor,” and 2 points for each factor Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Topic: What Is Stress? Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 74. Zahaire just learned she has an upper respiratory bacterial infection. Explain how Zahaire’s immune system will likely respond to the infection. Answer: The front line of defense in the immune system are the white blood cells, or leukocytes, which come in two types: B-cells, which mature in the bone marrow, and T-cells, which mature in the thymus. Zahaire’s B-cells and T-cells will activate in response to the bacterial 25 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

invader and proceed to multiply rapidly to mount a counterattack. B-cells respond to specific antigens and produce antibodies that circulate in the blood, while T-cells (or microphages) circulate through the blood and lymph systems in an effort to engulf the antigens. The entire immune response is an intricate process that involves multiple systems and will ultimately destroy the antigens in Zahaire’s body. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points. Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Topic: Stress and Physical Health Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 75. Contrast two personality patterns associated with coronary heart disease and describe the relationship between the two personality patterns and associated disease patterns. Answer: Type A behavior pattern is characterized by excessive competitiveness, extreme commitment to work, impatience or time urgency, and hostility. Hostility appears to be the most critical factor. Type D personality is characterized by distress. People with Type D experience negative emotions and feel insecure or anxious. Type A personality is associated with doubled risk for coronary artery disease and an eightfold increased risk of heart attack. Type D personality people with negative affect tend to have more problems after cardiac surgery, and those Type D individuals with high levels of emotional distress are at increased risk of fatal and nonfatal heart attacks. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 2.5 points for definition of Type A, 2.5 points for definition of Type D, 5 points for associated diseases. Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Topic: Personality Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module Quiz 5.1: What Is Stress? EOM Q5.1.1 Maggie, a senior in high school, got her first rejection from a college. To help reduce the anxiety she is experiencing, she decides to go for a long run every morning. In other words, running is a __________. a) coping strategy for Maggie b) stressor for Maggie c) positive hobby for Maggie d) way for Maggie to get fit EOM Q5.1.2 External demands that one might consider challenging or threatening are called __________, and the various effects they have an organism are called __________. a) stressors; stress b) anxiety; stimuli Consider This: The best answers go hand-in-hand, and represent a dynamic interplay between what happens to a person and the effects of those events. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. c) eustressors; distress Consider This: The best answers go hand-in-hand, and represent a dynamic interplay between what happens to a person and the effects of those events. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. d) distressors; eustress Consider This: The best answers go hand-in-hand, and represent a dynamic interplay between what happens to a person and the effects of those events. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Module: What Is Stress? Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q5.1.3 Quierra has recently been given a reprimand at her job. Her boss told her that if her performance does not improve immediately, she is going to be fired. She is understandably upset about this. 27 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

The bad stress that this event has caused is called __________. a) distress b) eustress Consider This: Think about the different ways you might be affected by negative life events. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. c) anhedonia Consider This: Think about the different ways you might be affected by negative life events. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. d) affective lability Consider This: Think about the different ways you might be affected by negative life events. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Module: What Is Stress? Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q5.1.4 Research with rats demonstrated that those exposed to stressful tail shocks produced more __________, a stress hormone, after later exposure to a novel stressor. This research provides evidence that the effects of stress are __________. a) cortisol; cumulative b) serotonin; self-perpetuating Consider This: Stress might be like a pressure cooker, and it seems to build up over time. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. c) serotonin; objective Consider This: Stress might be like a pressure cooker, and it seems to build up over time. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. d) cortisol; subjective Consider This: Stress might be like a pressure cooker, and it seems to build up over time. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Module: What Is Stress? Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q5.1.5 28 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

The positive physical and psychological responses that some people display when confronted with stress is called __________. a) resilience b) strength Consider This: Despite common misconceptions, this is actually the most common type of response to stressful events in people's lives. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. c) grit Consider This: Despite common misconceptions, this is actually the most common type of response to stressful events in people's lives. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. d) optimism Consider This: Despite common misconceptions, this is actually the most common type of response to stressful events in people's lives. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Module: What Is Stress? Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 5.2: Stress and Physical Health EOM Q5.2.1 The biological cost of responding to stress is called the __________ load. a) allostatic b) homeostatic Consider This: Periods of low stress are associated with a drop in this factor, while higher stress leads to an increase. 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. c) extrinsic Consider This: Periods of low stress are associated with a drop in this factor, while higher stress leads to an increase. 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. d) dysregulatory Consider This: Periods of low stress are associated with a drop in this factor, while higher stress leads to an increase. 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Module: Stress and Physical Health Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q5.2.2 Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus when the HPA pathway is stimulated? a) corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b) androstenedione Consider This: This hormone leads to the eventual release of the glucocorticoid called cortisol by the adrenal cortex. 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. c) acetylcholinesterase Consider This: This hormone leads to the eventual release of the glucocorticoid called cortisol by the adrenal cortex. 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. d) melatonin Consider This: This hormone leads to the eventual release of the glucocorticoid called cortisol by the adrenal cortex. 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Module: Stress and Physical Health Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q5.2.3 When she goes to graduate school, Nanji wants to study how the immune system and nervous system interact, and how they are both impacted by stress. She would most likely apply to programs specializing in __________. a) psychoneuroimmunology b) health psychology Consider This: This field is beginning to enhance our understanding of how psychological and physiological factors affect each other at the most basic level. 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. c) behavioral medicine Consider This: This field is beginning to enhance our understanding of how psychological and physiological factors affect each other at the most basic level. 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. d) psychotraumatology Consider This: This field is beginning to enhance our understanding of how psychological and physiological factors affect each other at the most basic level. 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Module: Stress and Physical Health Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q5.2.4 Which type of leukocyte is responsible for the antibodies that respond to specific antigens? a) B-cells b) NK-cells Consider This: The correct answer is named for the fact that these cells mature in the marrow of your bones. 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. c) T-cells Consider This: The correct answer is named for the fact that these cells mature in the marrow of 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

your bones. 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. d) interleukin-1 cells Consider This: The correct answer is named for the fact that these cells mature in the marrow of your bones. 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Module: Stress and Physical Health Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 5.3: Stress and Immune System Functioning EOM Q5.3.1 __________ are small protein molecules that serve as chemical messengers and allow immune cells to communicate with each other. a) Cytokines b) Basophils Consider This: An example of this molecule would be interferon, which is given to people with cancer, multiple sclerosis, and hepatitis C. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. c) Histamines Consider This: An example of this molecule would be interferon, which is given to people with cancer, multiple sclerosis, and hepatitis C. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. d) Leukocytes Consider This: An example of this molecule would be interferon, which is given to people with cancer, multiple sclerosis, and hepatitis C. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Module: Stress and Immune System Functioning Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q5.3.2 In 2005, Kiecolt-Glaser and her colleagues conducted a study of married couples in which people who were given blister wounds to their arm showed increased healing time when the body's production of __________ was inhibited by evoked marital conflict. a) proinflammatory cytokines b) anti-inflammatory lymphocytes Consider This: Reduced production of this protein molecule seems to be related to decreased overall immune functioning. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. c) supportive platelets Consider This: Reduced production of this protein molecule seems to be related to decreased overall immune functioning. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. 31 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) glucocorticoids Consider This: Reduced production of this protein molecule seems to be related to decreased overall immune functioning. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Module: Stress and Immune System Functioning Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q5.3.3 According to the groundbreaking research by Brown and colleagues (2009), people who reported __________ or more adverse events during their childhood died, on average, 20 years earlier than normal life expectancy than those who did not. a) two b) six Consider This: The participants were assessed to still be living or deceased 10 years after they were initially interviewed. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. c) 18 Consider This: The participants were assessed to still be living or deceased 10 years after they were initially interviewed. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. d) 20 Consider This: The participants were assessed to still be living or deceased 10 years after they were initially interviewed. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Module: Stress and Immune System Functioning Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q5.3.4 Increasingly, research suggests that stress shortens the length of telomeres, or the protective ends of chromosomes. What biological process has recently been shown to explain this effect? a) Cortisol reduces activity of telomerase, an enzyme that maintains telomere length. b) Cortisol increases activity of telomerase, an enzyme that decreases telomere length. Consider This: Drinking too much, sugar, and pessimism can also lead to telomere shortening. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. c) Cytokines reduce the length of telomeres. Consider This: Drinking too much, sugar, and pessimism can also lead to telomere shortening. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. d) C-reactive protein reduces the length of telomeres. Consider This: Drinking too much, sugar, and pessimism can also lead to telomere shortening. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Module: Stress and Immune System Functioning Skill Level: Analyze 32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Difficult End of Module Quiz 5.4: Emotions and Health EOM Q5.4.1 Which of the following factors appears to be protective against the negative consequences of psychological stress? a) self-regulation b) loneliness Consider This: Cognitive control is associated with less production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to an emotionally stressful video. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. c) Type D personality Consider This: Cognitive control is associated with less production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to an emotionally stressful video. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. d) being married, regardless of marriage quality Consider This: Cognitive control is associated with less production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to an emotionally stressful video. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Module: Emotions and Health Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q5.4.2 Why is it that long-term exposure to proinflammatory cytokines is associated with an increased risk of heart attack? a) The cytokines trigger the growth of plaques in the blood vessels, and these plaques can rupture. b) The heart muscle is naturally allergic to cytokines above a certain level, and this can cause an anaphylactic cardiac event. Consider This: Think of what happens when a bathroom sink drain gets clogged with hair. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. c) Cytokines are "cardiopathic," and they actually cause degradation of heart muscle tissue. Consider This: Think of what happens when a bathroom sink drain gets clogged with hair. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. d) While anti-inflammatory cytokines trigger the brain to stimulate cardiac output, proinflammatory cytokines cause the brain to inhibit cardiac output. Consider This: Think of what happens when a bathroom sink drain gets clogged with hair. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

emotions. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Module: Emotions and Health Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q5.4.3 Research examining the importance of social support and the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) found that women who reported __________ on two separate occasions were 76 percent more likely to develop heart disease in subsequent years. a) loneliness b) anxiety Consider This: This same finding was not established for men, but that may be because men are less likely to be willing to report these experiences. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. c) depression Consider This: This same finding was not established for men, but that may be because men are less likely to be willing to report these experiences. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. d) hallucinations Consider This: This same finding was not established for men, but that may be because men are less likely to be willing to report these experiences. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Module: Emotions and Health Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q5.4.4 The subspecialty of __________ psychology emphasizes the study of human traits and resources such as humor, gratitude, and compassion. a) positive b) humanistic Consider This: These traits might have direct implications for our physical and mental wellbeing. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. c) existential Consider This: These traits might have direct implications for our physical and mental wellbeing. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. d) stress Consider This: These traits might have direct implications for our physical and mental well34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

being. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Module: Emotions and Health Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q5.4.5 Who is likely to have the shortest telomeres? a) Lane, age 50, who has experienced several severe episodes of depression over the last five years b) Jonah, age 25, who experienced an episode of depression after losing his job Consider This: There seems to be a dose-response relationship between depression and telomere length. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. c) Alex, age 25, who has experienced several severe episodes of depression over the last five years Consider This: There seems to be a dose-response relationship between depression and telomere length. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. d) Rhea, age 50, who has never been depressed Consider This: There seems to be a dose-response relationship between depression and telomere length. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Module: Emotions and Health Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 5.5: Treatment of Stress-Related Physical Disorders EOM Q5.5.1 Which of the following is the most important medical risk factor in predicting mortality for patients who have had a heart attack? a) depression b) diet Consider This: Physicians often treat this factor as a consequence of having had a lifethreatening medical scare instead of as a condition that requires serious attention. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. c) substance abuse Consider This: Physicians often treat this factor as a consequence of having had a life35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

threatening medical scare instead of as a condition that requires serious attention. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. d) a sedentary lifestyle Consider This: Physicians often treat this factor as a consequence of having had a lifethreatening medical scare instead of as a condition that requires serious attention. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. Module: Treatment of Stress-Related Physical Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q5.5.2 Research into the effectiveness of writing about one's emotions has found that it may be helpful in speeding the process of recovering from a medical illness. One reason for this might be __________. a) journaling about emotions helps people rethink problems or reduce how threatening the problems seem b) the act of writing slows the mind down from the rapid pace of the world, and this facilitates physical healing Consider This: Remember that what happened to a person may, in some cases, be less important than how they think about what happened to them. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. c) when people write about problems they no longer have to think about them, and this helps reduce the release of stress hormones Consider This: Remember that what happened to a person may, in some cases, be less important than how they think about what happened to them. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. d) when one is assigned a certain amount of writing time, that takes away from time when other unhealthy behaviors may be occurring Consider This: Remember that what happened to a person may, in some cases, be less important than how they think about what happened to them. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. Module: Treatment of Stress-Related Physical Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q5.5.3 Research by Schneider and colleagues (2005) has shown that the daily practice of Transcendental Meditation may be helpful in reducing __________. a) blood pressure b) blood glucose 36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Patients treated for this health concern with Transcendental Meditation had better health improvements compared to those with the condition who practiced muscle relaxation or those who received sound health care advice. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. c) serum cholesterol levels Consider This: Patients treated for this health concern with Transcendental Meditation had better health improvements compared to those with the condition who practiced muscle relaxation or those who received sound health care advice. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. d) hostility Consider This: Patients treated for this health concern with Transcendental Meditation had better health improvements compared to those with the condition who practiced muscle relaxation or those who received sound health care advice. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. Module: Treatment of Stress-Related Physical Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q5.5.4 Juliana has chronic headaches. To help her reduce the frequency of these headaches, she undergoes a treatment where she practices reducing her muscle tension and heart rate on command, which are monitored by her treatment provider, who then provides her with information about her performance. This is an example of what form of treatment? a) biofeedback b) relaxation training Consider This: This form of treatment is especially effective for children and adolescents with chronic headaches. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. c) mindfulness-based stress reduction Consider This: This form of treatment is especially effective for children and adolescents with chronic headaches. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. d) progressive muscle training Consider This: This form of treatment is especially effective for children and adolescents with chronic headaches. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. Module: Treatment of Stress-Related Physical Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q5.5.5 The goal of __________ is to reduce anxiety by changing people's relationships with stressful thoughts and decreasing emotional reactivity. a) Mindfulness Based Stress reduction b) stress facilitation therapy Consider This: This form of treatment does not involve changing thoughts. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. c) cognitive behavior therapy for stress Consider This: This form of treatment does not involve changing thoughts. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. d) relaxation training Consider This: This form of treatment does not involve changing thoughts. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. Module: Treatment of Stress-Related Physical Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 5.6: Stress and Mental Health EOM Q5.6.1 What is the primary distinction between a diagnosis of adjustment disorder and one of either acute stress disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder? a) whether the stressor is something common and the severity of the symptoms b) whether the symptoms appeared before or after the stressor occurred Consider This: More traumatic events tend to lead to a diagnosis of ASD or PTSD. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. c) the duration of time that the symptoms have been experienced Consider This: More traumatic events tend to lead to a diagnosis of ASD or PTSD. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. d) whether the symptoms are strictly psychological or also include physical maladies Consider This: More traumatic events tend to lead to a diagnosis of ASD or PTSD. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Module: Stress and Mental Health Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q5.6.2 After her boyfriend recently ended their two-year relationship, Mariette has been having difficulty coping. She feels that she "can't handle" this, even though she is still functioning adequately. Although the break-up is just two weeks old, she is visiting a therapist to help her deal with the stress. Which of the following might be the best diagnosis? a) adjustment disorder b) acute stress disorder Consider This: This is the least stigmatizing and mildest diagnosis that a therapist can assign to a client. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. c) posttraumatic stress disorder Consider This: This is the least stigmatizing and mildest diagnosis that a therapist can assign to a client. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. d) generalized anxiety disorder Consider This: This is the least stigmatizing and mildest diagnosis that a therapist can assign to a client. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Module: Stress and Mental Health Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q5.6.3 According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2013), the rates of unemployment for African Americans are __________ as high as they are for Caucasians. a) twice b) three times Consider This: Many minorities in the United States live in a permanent cycle of economic depression with few job prospects, which contributes to this disparity in unemployment rates. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. c) five times Consider This: Many minorities in the United States live in a permanent cycle of economic depression with few job prospects, which contributes to this disparity in unemployment rates. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. d) ten times Consider This: Many minorities in the United States live in a permanent cycle of economic depression with few job prospects, which contributes to this disparity in unemployment rates. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Module: Stress and Mental Health Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q5.6.4 Why was there objection to inclusion of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the DSM when it was first proposed in 1980? a) It was inconsistent with the atheoretical nature of the manual. b) There was no research evidence that traumatic events could cause symptoms severe enough to be considered a mental disorder. Consider This: The fact that it was a response to a clear and specific trauma was the crux of the argument. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. c) It was argued that the symptoms of PTSD were too similar to the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Consider This: The fact that it was a response to a clear and specific trauma was the crux of the argument. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. d) PTSD was considered a medical, and not a mental, condition. Consider This: The fact that it was a response to a clear and specific trauma was the crux of the argument. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Module: Stress and Mental Health Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM 5.6.5 Which of the following situations might lead to a legitimate diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder under DSM-IV-TR but would not in the newer DSM-5? a) Kat is traumatized when she sees a video of a terrorist attack on a school in Bolivia on the internet. b) Lisa is severely disturbed when she is the victim of attempted sexual assault, even though she was able to fight off her assailant. Consider This: One of the new, tighter criteria in DSM-5 is that the trauma must be experienced by the person or witnessed in person. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. c) Ricardo watches a terrible car accident take place in front of his home in which the driver of one of the cars is killed. Consider This: One of the new, tighter criteria in DSM-5 is that the trauma must be experienced by the person or witnessed in person. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. d) Emilio is on an airplane that suddenly loses engine power, drops 20,000 feet in 2 minutes, and 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

is in serious danger of crashing. Consider This: One of the new, tighter criteria in DSM-5 is that the trauma must be experienced by the person or witnessed in person. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Module: Stress and Mental Health Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 5.7: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Causes and Risk Factors EOM Q5.7.1 Jayne was in a near-fatal car accident 6 weeks ago and has been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder by her therapist. One of her symptoms—having regular nightmares about the accident—is an example of which major category of this condition? a) intrusion b) avoidance Consider This: Other symptoms in this category include unwanted images and physiological reactivity to reminders of the traumatic event. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. c) physiological arousal Consider This: Other symptoms in this category include unwanted images and physiological reactivity to reminders of the traumatic event. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. d) negative alterations in cognition and mood Consider This: Other symptoms in this category include unwanted images and physiological reactivity to reminders of the traumatic event. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Module: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Causes and Risk Factors Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q5.7.2 The minimum duration of disturbance that is required for a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder is __________. a) 2 weeks Consider This: This duration is the primary distinction between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. b) 1 month 41 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c) 3 months Consider This: This duration is the primary distinction between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. d) 6 months Consider This: This duration is the primary distinction between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Module: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Causes and Risk Factors Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q5.7.3 When Dutch veterans of the Iraq War were given questionnaires, 21 percent of them appeared to have posttraumatic stress disorder. When structured interviews were used, however, that number dropped to 4 percent. This difference may have been for which of the following reasons? a) Respondents may have misunderstood questions on the questionnaire. b) Participants in the study knew if they were diagnosed with PTSD, they would qualify for additional military benefits. Consider This: Estimates based on questionnaires tend to be higher than those based on clinical interviews. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. c) There were symptoms reported that caused much impairment in functioning. Consider This: Estimates based on questionnaires tend to be higher than those based on clinical interviews. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. d) Symptoms that appeared at times other than during or after a traumatic event were not included in the results. Consider This: Estimates based on questionnaires tend to be higher than those based on clinical interviews. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Module: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Causes and Risk Factors Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q5.7.4 Which branch of the United States military seems to have the highest problem with suicide, both attempted suicide and suicide deaths? a) Army b) Navy Consider This: Most of the suicides among soldiers are a result of self-inflicted gunshot wounds. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. c) Air Force 42 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Most of the suicides among soldiers are a result of self-inflicted gunshot wounds. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. d) Marines Consider This: Most of the suicides among soldiers are a result of self-inflicted gunshot wounds. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Module: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Causes and Risk Factors Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q5.7.5 Which of the following biological findings would seem the most surprising given the nature of posttraumatic stress disorder? a) Baseline cortisol levels are often very similar between those with PTSD and healthy control participants. b) Neuroimaging finds that the amygdala tends to be under-aroused rather than over-aroused in people with PTSD. Consider This: An examination of blood levels after a trauma does show that stress-related hormones increase when such events occur. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. c) The medications used to treat anxiety and depression are sometimes very effective in treating PTSD. Consider This: An examination of blood levels after a trauma does show that stress-related hormones increase when such events occur. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. d) Those who have undergone electroconvulsive therapy for depression seem to be much less likely to develop PTSD in response to future traumatic events. Consider This: An examination of blood levels after a trauma does show that stress-related hormones increase when such events occur. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Module: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Causes and Risk Factors Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 5.8: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders EOM Q5.8.1 According to the authors, which of the following is one of the most important ways to reduce the frequency with which posttraumatic stress disorder occurs? a) Lower the frequency with which traumatic events occur. 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b) Change insurance reimbursement laws so that people with PTSD can seek treatment that is paid for. Consider This: One example of this intervention would be to lessen the access that adolescents have to firearms. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. c) Create mandatory psychotherapy for soldiers who are returning from combat experiences. Consider This: One example of this intervention would be to lessen the access that adolescents have to firearms. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. d) Have mental health professionals available in emergency rooms for attack victims. Consider This: One example of this intervention would be to lessen the access that adolescents have to firearms. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Module: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q5.8.2 __________ helps people tolerate an anticipated threat by changing the things that they say to themselves during a stressful event. a) Stress-inoculation training b) Critical incident stress debriefing Consider This: The best answer is a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. c) Rational emotive therapy Consider This: The best answer is a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. d) Gestalt proactive therapeutic training Consider This: The best answer is a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Module: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q5.8.3 Which visuospatial video game was the focus of a research study by Holmes and colleagues (2009) examining the effects of distraction on consolidation of visual memories? a) Tetris b) Pac-Man Consider This: Participants who played this game after viewing disturbing video footage reported fewer involuntary flashbacks. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. c) Qix 44 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Participants who played this game after viewing disturbing video footage reported fewer involuntary flashbacks. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. d) Bloxx Consider This: Participants who played this game after viewing disturbing video footage reported fewer involuntary flashbacks. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Module: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q5.8.4 Although people who experience __________ sessions after a traumatic event often report satisfaction with the procedure, there is no substantial research that finds it to be effective at reducing symptoms of PTSD or hastening recovery in civilians. a) debriefing b) inoculation Consider This: A single session lasts between 3 and 4 hours and is conducted in a group format, usually 2 to 10 days after a traumatic event. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. c) re-exposure Consider This: A single session lasts between 3 and 4 hours and is conducted in a group format, usually 2 to 10 days after a traumatic event. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. d) in vivo Consider This: A single session lasts between 3 and 4 hours and is conducted in a group format, usually 2 to 10 days after a traumatic event. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Module: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q5.8.5 Marvin has been suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder since returning from combat in the military. He goes to his physician asking for medication to help reduce the symptoms. His physician tells him that only __________ medications have been found to produce modest benefits, and offers him a prescription for that medicine. a) antidepressant b) antianxiety Consider This: Examples of this medication category include Paxil and Effexor. 5.8 Explain the 45 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. c) mood-stabilizing Consider This: Examples of this medication category include Paxil and Effexor. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. d) neuroleptic Consider This: Examples of this medication category include Paxil and Effexor. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Module: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Chapter Quiz: Stress and Physical and Mental Health EOC Q5.1 Which of the following most accurately describes how early life stressors affect the perception of stress later in life? a) Early life stressors may make us more sensitive to stress later on, and the effects of stress can be cumulative. b) Experiencing stress early in life always helps people to learn how to cope with it later. Consider This: Stressful life experiences may sensitize people biologically to stress. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. c) People who are depressed see stressors as less stressful because they do not care as much about things going on around them. Consider This: Stressful life experiences may sensitize people biologically to stress. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. d) Genetics are not related at all to how stress is perceived. Consider This: Stressful life experiences may sensitize people biologically to stress. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Module: Stress and Physical and Mental Health Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q5.2 Which of the following experiences is likely to produce the most stress? a) losing one's home in an unexpected hurricane-related flood b) watching a film about what to expect during and after hip surgery before undergoing surgery 46 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Whether or not the individual feels a situation is predictable or can be controlled impacts how stressful a situation is perceived. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. c) going through a breakup Consider This: Whether or not the individual feels a situation is predictable or can be controlled impacts how stressful a situation is perceived. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. d) talking with the dentist about what to expect with a dental implant procedure Consider This: Whether or not the individual feels a situation is predictable or can be controlled impacts how stressful a situation is perceived. 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with. Module: Stress and Physical and Mental Health Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q5.3 With people who work during the weekdays, heart attacks are most likely to occur on __________ due to __________. a) Monday; stress associated with returning to work after the weekend b) Friday; the unstructured nature of weekend time Consider This: A highly demanding environment and lack of control over decision making impacts the intensity of strain people feel. 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. c) Sunday; taking on physical activities that are much more strenuous than those assumed during the week Consider This: A highly demanding environment and lack of control over decision making impacts the intensity of strain people feel. 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. d) Wednesday; the tendency of many employers to make more demands on their employees midweek Consider This: A highly demanding environment and lack of control over decision making impacts the intensity of strain people feel. 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress. Module: Stress and Physical and Mental Health Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q5.4 Chronic stress appears to impair the body's ability to respond to the signals that will terminate immune system reactivity. The result of this impairment is __________. a) inflammation b) an overproduction of leukocytes Consider This: Think of the role cytokine production has in the feedback loop designed to modulate immune responses. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. 47 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c) dysregulation of stress-related signals between the brain and body Consider This: Think of the role cytokine production has in the feedback loop designed to modulate immune responses. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. d) heart rate increase Consider This: Think of the role cytokine production has in the feedback loop designed to modulate immune responses. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Module: Stress and Physical and Mental Health Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q5.5 Jayden is a black male who works as a lawyer. Since childhood, he has experienced discrimination and unfair treatment because of his race. He recently found out that he has high blood pressure and early signs of cardiovascular disease despite exercising regularly and being relatively young. Building on preliminary research by Lewis and colleagues, Jayden would likely show higher levels of __________ in his liver. a) C-reactive protein (CRP) b) proinflammatory cytokines Consider This: Discrimination is associated with negative health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. c) anti-inflammatory cytokines Consider This: Discrimination is associated with negative health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. d) IL-6 Consider This: Discrimination is associated with negative health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease. 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system. Module: Stress and Physical and Mental Health Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q5.6 Research by Chida & Steptoe (2009) and Wong et al. (2013) found that a Type A behavior pattern component correlated with coronary artery deterioration. Which of the following was the behavioral correlate noted? a) hostility b) excessive competitive drive Consider This: This component includes anger, contempt, scorn, cynicism, and mistrust. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. c) extreme commitment to work Consider This: This component includes anger, contempt, scorn, cynicism, and mistrust. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful 48 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

emotions. d) impatience or time urgency Consider This: This component includes anger, contempt, scorn, cynicism, and mistrust. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Module: Stress and Physical and Mental Health Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q5.7 Danny, age 40, has been described by others as being prone to negative emotions. He is also insecure and anxious. Which personality type best fits the description of Danny's behaviors? a) Type D b) Type C Consider This: In a 5-year follow-up with men diagnosed with Danny's personality type, more were likely to have fatal or nonfatal heart attacks. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. c) Type B Consider This: In a 5-year follow-up with men diagnosed with Danny's personality type, more were likely to have fatal or nonfatal heart attacks. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. d) Type A Consider This: In a 5-year follow-up with men diagnosed with Danny's personality type, more were likely to have fatal or nonfatal heart attacks. 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions. Module: Stress and Physical and Mental Health Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q5.8 Although depression is a greater risk factor than medical factors are in predicting mortality for patients who have already had a heart attack, many physicians fail to treat depression. This oversight has been attributed to the physician's tendency to __________. a) dismiss the depression as an issue because it is perceived to be merely a consequence of having had a life-threatening medical event b) be overly concerned about how antidepressant medications might interact with cardiac medications Consider This: To the exclusion of other factors, the heart attack itself may inaccurately be causally attributed to depression. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. 49 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c) underestimate the connection between psychological and physical health Consider This: To the exclusion of other factors, the heart attack itself may inaccurately be causally attributed to depression. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. d) avoid addressing issues that might create more stress on the patient Consider This: To the exclusion of other factors, the heart attack itself may inaccurately be causally attributed to depression. 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders. Module: Stress and Physical and Mental Health Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q5.9 Individuals who experience prolonged unemployment are at a greater risk for __________. a) attempting or dying by suicide b) engaging in acts of domestic violence Consider This: Unemployed workers need good coping strategies for managing the stresses associated with unemployment. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. c) developing an eating disorder Consider This: Unemployed workers need good coping strategies for managing the stresses associated with unemployment. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. d) panic disorder Consider This: Unemployed workers need good coping strategies for managing the stresses associated with unemployment. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Module: Stress and Physical and Mental Health Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q5.10 Gene's husband died suddenly in an unexpected car accident with a large truck. After learning about the accident, Gene was extremely upset and for the following 4 months experienced symptoms of PTSD that were extremely distressing and interfered with his daily functioning. When asked, however, Gene reported that he did not experience feelings of fear, helplessness, or horror when learning of the event. Which of the following statements is true? a) Gene's symptoms qualify for PTSD as defined by DSM-5 but not DSM-IV. b) Gene's symptoms qualify for PTSD as defined by DSM-IV but not DSM-5. Consider This: In DSM-5 the provision for experiencing trauma by learning of the death of a 50 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

loved one required that the death involve a close friend or relative, and their death must have been violent or accidental. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. c) Gene's symptoms do not qualify for PTSD as defined by either DSM-IV or DSM-5. Consider This: In DSM-5 the provision for experiencing trauma by learning of the death of a loved one required that the death involve a close friend or relative, and their death must have been violent or accidental. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. d) Gene's symptoms qualify for PTSD as defined by both DSM-IV and DSM-5. Consider This: In DSM-5 the provision for experiencing trauma by learning of the death of a loved one required that the death involve a close friend or relative, and their death must have been violent or accidental. 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. Module: Stress and Physical and Mental Health Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q5.11 Demetrius is an Iraq War veteran diagnosed with PTSD who, while in Iraq, witnessed an army personnel carrier transporting U.S. soldiers explode. Since returning to the United States, Demetrius's wife, Shania, notes that her husband seems detached and blames himself for every mishap that occurs in the family. In which of the four PTSD symptom categories do the behaviors described by Shania fall? a) negative alterations in cognitions and mood b) avoidance Consider This: Think about the category name and the types of behaviors that would cluster around each of the four categories. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. c) intrusion Consider This: Think about the category name and the types of behaviors that would cluster around each of the four categories. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. d) arousal and reactivity Consider This: Think about the category name and the types of behaviors that would cluster around each of the four categories. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Module: Stress and Physical and Mental Health Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q5.12 Which of the following traumatic events would be most likely to produce PTSD for someone? a) a terrorist attack in a shopping mall b) a minor automobile accident Consider This: Traumatic events that occur as a result of human intent are more likely to cause PTSD than other forms of trauma. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. c) a hurricane Consider This: Traumatic events that occur as a result of human intent are more likely to cause PTSD than other forms of trauma. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. d) an earthquake Consider This: Traumatic events that occur as a result of human intent are more likely to cause PTSD than other forms of trauma. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Module: Stress and Physical and Mental Health Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q5.13 Katrina, a police officer, has PTSD. She is working with a therapist who has her vividly recount the traumatic event she experienced on duty over and over at each therapy session. What type of treatment is Katrina participating in? a) prolonged exposure b) stress inoculation training Consider This: A strong, supportive relationship with the therapist is particularly important with this form of treatment. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. c) cognitive restructuring Consider This: A strong, supportive relationship with the therapist is particularly important with this form of treatment. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. d) systematic desensitization Consider This: A strong, supportive relationship with the therapist is particularly important with this form of treatment. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Module: Stress and Physical and Mental Health Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q5.14 Which of the following most accurately describes some of the research on hippocampal volume and PTSD? a) Reduced hippocampal volumes may be both a risk factor for and consequence of PTSD. b) Reduced hippocampal volumes are only a risk factor of PTSD. Consider This: Brain abnormalities are similar across PTSD and depression. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. c) Reduced hippocampal volumes are only a consequence of PTSD. Consider This: Brain abnormalities are similar across PTSD and depression. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. d) Hippocampal volumes are unrelated to PTSD. Consider This: Brain abnormalities are similar across PTSD and depression. 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Module: Stress and Physical and Mental Health Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q5.15 Which of the following treatments would likely have the highest rates of treatment dropout? a) prolonged exposure for PTSD b) cognitive therapy for PTSD Consider This: Prolonged exposure therapy requires that clients are willing to confront the traumatic memories they fear. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. c) virtual reality exposure therapy Consider This: Prolonged exposure therapy requires that clients are willing to confront the traumatic memories they fear. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. d) psychological debriefing Consider This: Prolonged exposure therapy requires that clients are willing to confront the traumatic memories they fear. 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD. Module: Stress and Physical and Mental Health Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 6: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Learning Objective

Question Type

Remember the Facts

Introduction

Multiple Choice

1, 2

Understand the Concepts

Apply What You Know

Analyze It

Short Answer Essay 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety.

Multiple Choice

Short Answer

6, 7

Essay 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders.

Multiple Choice

75 9

13, 20, 22

12, 17, 18

Short Answer Essay 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias.

Multiple Choice Short Answer

11, 14, 15, 16, 19 21

68, 69

24, 25, 27

Essay 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety.

Multiple Choice

Short Answer Essay 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder.

Multiple Choice Short Answer

76 28, 33, 35, 39

32, 37

29, 31, 34, 38, 30, 36 40, 41

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Essay 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder.

Multiple Choice

44, 45

Short Answer

71, 72

42, 43, 46, 47

Essay 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessivecompulsive disorder and how it is treated.

Multiple Choice

52, 53, 55, 61, 48, 51, 56, 59, 62, 63 60

Short Answer

49, 50

Essay 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry.

Multiple Choice

54, 57, 58

77 64

Short Answer Essay

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 6: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Anxiety is centered on __________. a. concern about the future b. the activation of the “fight or flight” response c. negative thoughts, but not a change in physiological arousal d. a complex blend of negative mood and self-preoccupation Answer: a Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. __________ are the most common category of disorders for women and the second most common for men. a. Depressive disorders b. Anxiety disorders c. Personality disorders d. Learning disorders Answer: b Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3. Which of the following statements accurately describes research findings involving anxiety disorders? a. People with anxiety disorders are the least likely to tap into medical services. b. Anxiety disorders have the earliest age of onset of all mental disorders. c. Among the adult population, approximately 25 percent suffer from at least one anxiety disorder in any twelve-month period. d. Approximately 38 percent of the U.S. population will experience an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives. Answer: b Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It 3 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 4. Which of the following would be an example of anxiety? a. Julie jumped when she saw the snake. b. Carl was certain that the food was poisoned. c. Yajaira dreaded walking home alone. d. The voices in Paul’s head told him he should be afraid. Answer: c Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 5. Fear is a basic emotion that involves __________. a. concern about the future b. activation of the “fight or flight” response c. negative thoughts, but not a change in physiological arousal d. a complex blend of negative mood and self-preoccupation Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. Topic: The Fear and Anxiety Response Patterns Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 6. The main way to tell if someone is having a panic attack, rather than just being in a state of fear, is __________. a. whether they think about what is happening b. whether they show physiological changes such as increased heart rate c. whether they have a subjective belief that something awful is about to happen d. whether they feel a strong urge to flee Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. Topic: The Fear and Anxiety Response Patterns Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 7. Which of the following is a typical symptom of panic attacks? a. Hallucinations b. Delusions c. Urge to escape d. Paranoia 4 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. Topic: The Fear and Anxiety Response Patterns Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 8. In which of the following scenarios might mild anxiety actually be a positive response? a. Velma is taking her father for his cancer treatment. b. Michael is going to the dentist to have a cavity filled. c. Kyle is scheduled for knee surgery next week. d. Shonda is preparing to take her law-school entrance exam. Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. Topic: Anxiety Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 9. Neuroticism is __________. a. a tendency to experience negative mood states b. simply another term for anxiety c. a tendency to believe negative things about oneself d. a tendency to feel anxious Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. Topic: Overview of the Anxiety Disorders and Their Commonalities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 10. Gradual exposure to feared cues is __________. a. an old treatment for anxiety disorders that is no longer used b. a common component of treatment for all anxiety disorders c. likely to make someone with an anxiety disorder worse in the long term d. a useful treatment for phobias but not for other anxiety disorders Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. Topic: Overview of the Anxiety Disorders and Their Commonalities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

11. Max is afraid to fly, and he knows his boss wants him to take a business trip. Max feels miserable because he wants to keep his job but cannot even imagine getting on a plane. The most likely diagnosis for Max is __________. a. agoraphobia without history of panic disorder b. social anxiety disorder c. specific phobia, situation type d. panic disorder with agoraphobia Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Topic: Specific Phobias Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 12. An evolutionary psychologist might say, “The unique physiological response in this disorder, involving fainting at the sight of the feared object, may have evolved because fainting might inhibit further attack from a predator.” What disorder is being discussed? a. Blood-injection-injury phobia b. Agoraphobia with panic attacks c. Social anxiety disorder d. Animal phobia Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Topic: Specific Phobias Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 13. When do phobias like claustrophobia and driving phobia begin? a. Adolescence b. Childhood c. Middle adulthood d. Late adulthood Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Topic: Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 14. When Kenneth was a child, he went to a dentist who treated him uncaringly and inflicted a good deal of pain. Even years later, he has an uncontrollable and intense fear not only of dentists but also physicians. This best illustrates how phobias might be the result of __________. a. generalization in classical conditioning 6 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. observational conditioning c. secondary gain d. the inflation effect Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 15. Jessica’s mother is afraid of snakes. Although Jessica has never actually seen a snake, her mother has told her time and again to be careful to look out for them when she is walking. Now Jessica has an intense fear of snakes and refuses to walk in the grass. This is an example of __________. a. vicarious conditioning of a phobia b. classical conditioning of a phobia c. operant conditioning of a phobia d. unconscious displacement of anxiety onto a phobic object Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 16. Carl and Jemal have both been bitten by stray dogs. Carl has a dog of his own at home that he loves. Jemal has little experience with dogs. Which of the following statements is true? a. Both boys are likely to develop a phobia because of the traumatic nature of the event. b. Carl is more likely to develop a phobia because his schema of dogs has been violated. c. Carl is less likely to develop a phobia because he has had lots of earlier positive experiences with dogs. d. The likelihood of either boy developing a phobia depends on his sensitivity to pain. Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 17. Which of the following illustrates how cognitive variables may act to maintain acquired fears? a. Jane no longer went to the park due to her fear of dogs. b. Karen would think happy thoughts whenever she drove over a bridge. 7 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. Ryan’s fear of heights caused him to obsess over how high up he was in a building. d. Melvin knew that his heart was racing because he was afraid. Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 18. It is fairly easy to condition monkeys and humans to fear snakes, but almost impossible to condition either to fear flowers. This supports the __________ theory of phobias. a. classical conditioning b. preparedness c. vicarious conditioning d. psychoanalytic Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 19. Which of the following provides evidence against a role for inherited factors in the development of phobias? a. The high concordance rate seen in fraternal twins b. The impact of nonshared environmental factors c. The preparedness hypothesis d. The early onset of many phobic reactions Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Topic: Biological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 20. What does research indicate is the best treatment for phobias? a. Exposure therapy b. Psychoanalysis c. Cognitive restructuring d. Family therapy Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Topic: Treatments Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 8 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

21. Lincoln is phobic of cats. His therapist shows him how to approach a cat in a cage. The therapist then takes the cat out, pets it, and feeds it. She then encourages Lincoln to do the same behaviors. This type of procedure is called __________. a. exposure therapy b. classical conditioning c. participant modeling d. virtual reality therapy Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Topic: Treatments Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 22. Virtual reality environments __________. a. permit the use of a combination of exposure therapy, participant modeling, and stress inoculation b. have been shown to be effective in treating agoraphobia c. appear to be more effective in treating phobias than live exposure to the feared stimulus d. effectively allow exposure therapy to be conducted in a simulated setting. Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Topic: Treatments Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 23. Kellyanne has just started college and wants to make friends. She refuses to go to large parties because she is afraid that she will blush and sweat, and that other people will laugh at her. She is fine, however, when talking to people in one-on-one settings. Kellyanne’s most likely diagnosis is __________. a. social anxiety disorder b. specific phobia, situational type c. agoraphobia without history of panic disorder d. generalized social phobia Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Topic: Social Anxiety Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 24. Which of the following statements accurately characterizes individuals diagnosed with social anxiety? 9 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. Social anxiety typically begins in early childhood. b. Approximately 75 percent also suffer from depression. c. Social anxiety is more prevalent among men than women. d. Approximately one-third abuse alcohol to help reduce anxiety. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Topic: Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 25. Individuals with social phobia are likely to __________. a. be aggressive b. attribute events in their lives to external factors c. have been raised in a permissive environment d. attribute negative life events to internal, global, and stable factors Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 26. Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the precursors of an individual diagnosed with social anxiety disorder? a. Infants who are easily distressed by familiar faces show increased risk of developing social anxiety. b. Infants who exhibit shyness and behavioral inhibition are at increased risk of becoming more fearful during childhood. c. Parental mental health has no bearing on a child’s manifestation of social anxiety. d. Children assessed as being high in behavioral inhibition are no more likely to be diagnosed with social anxiety than children assessed as being low in behavioral inhibition. Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Topic: Biological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 27. Which of the following techniques is the newest version of cognitive restructuring used to effectively treat social anxiety? a. Regular auditory stimuli, including listening to a repetitive script of positive mantras b. Intense meditative practice, coupled with deep breathing c. The use of a cognitive-restructuring app d. Computer-generated virtual reality social interactions 10 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Topic: Treatments Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 28. Which of the following is necessary for a diagnosis of panic disorder? a. Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks b. Depersonalization c. Panic attacks, cued and uncued, consisting of at least six of the thirteen symptoms of a panic attack d. Derealization Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Topic: Panic Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 29. When Jill experienced her first panic attack, she felt as if she were outside of herself, watching herself struggle to catch her breath. Jill’s sense of not being part of herself is one of the symptoms of a panic attack and is known as __________. a. derealization b. depersonalization c. dissociative fugue d. personality disintegration Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Topic: Panic Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 30. Panic disorders are often misdiagnosed because __________. a. the symptoms overlap so much with major depression b. the symptoms are so chronic and mild that they do not seem like serious forms of psychopathology c. patients are so embarrassed by their problems that they do not make them known to professionals d. symptoms are physical and are treated by emergency or medical personnel as medical problems. Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. 11 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Panic Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 31. Mrs. Belshy tells her psychologist, “I cannot leave a certain region around my home without having terrible fears. I am extremely worried when I am in a car or a bus. I am afraid I will have another one of those terrifying experiences.” What disorder does Mrs. Belshy probably have and what experience is she talking about? a. The disorder is specific phobia, the experience is a panic attack. b. The disorder is agoraphobia, the experience is a panic attack. c. The disorder is obsessive-compulsive disorder, the experience is an obsession. d. The disorder is generalized anxiety disorder, the experience is anxiety. Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Topic: Agoraphobia Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 32. Which of the following is a sociocultural explanation for the higher incidence of anxiety disorders in women? a. Historically, women have had to stay home and care for children. Thus, a hypervigilant state was adaptive. b. Women have a natural tendency to be more cautious than men. c. High levels of male hormones lead to aggression and fearlessness. d. It is more acceptable for women to avoid situations they fear. Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Topic: Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 33. Which brain structure is recognized as playing a central role in panic attacks? a. Amygdala b. Cerebellum c. Hippocampus d. Locus coeruleus Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Topic: Biological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 34. Belinda is hyperaware of such bodily sensations as heart rate and respiration rate. When she perceives her heart rate or breathing getting faster, she begins to fear that she is having a heart attack. These thoughts make her symptoms worse and she has a panic attack. Belinda’s pattern of thinking best illustrates the __________. a. cognitive theory of panic b. psychoanalytic theory of panic c. importance of perceived control in panic disorder d. role of the locus coeruleus in panic Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 35. Anxiety sensitivity is a __________. a. fear of open spaces b. belief that anxiety will kill c. trait-like belief that certain bodily symptoms may have harmful consequences d. fear that situations in which panic attacks occur will be devastating Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 36. Which of the following statements is correct in regard to the role of cognitions in panic? a. Panic can be prevented in a panic provocation study by explaining what will happen. b. Panic clients are more likely to interpret bodily sensations as catastrophic events. c. Only individuals who tend to catastrophize develop panic disorder. d. Cognitive therapy is less effective than emotive therapy for panic disorder. Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 37. Why do many people with panic disorder continue to believe, during a panic attack, that they are having a heart attack, despite the fact that they never have had one?

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. They continue to go through classical conditioned, learning experiences each time they have a panic attack. b. They tend to engage in “safety behaviors” that they believe are the reason the catastrophe didn’t happen. c. They tell themselves that physicians may have missed earlier heart attacks. d. They have such a high level of fear that learning is not possible. Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 38. While in treatment for panic disorder, Leroy is asked to engage in behaviors that activate the sympathetic nervous system. In other words, Leroy is engaging in behaviors that produce the physical sensation of fear. What type of treatment does this appear to be? a. Exteroceptive exposure b. Interoceptive exposure c. Anxiety sensitivity training d. Cognitive reconditioning Answer: b. Interoceptive exposure Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Topic: Treatments Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 39. __________ are the antidepressants most widely prescribed today for the treatment of panic disorder. a. SSRIs b. Tricyclics c. Anxiolytics d. Benzodiazepines Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Topic: Treatments Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 40. Heinrich’s panic attacks have become so severe that he has finally sought treatment. He sees a psychiatrist who writes Heinrich a prescription that should offer him some immediate relief. Which of the following drugs is Heinrich most likely to have been prescribed? a. SSRIs b. Tricyclics 14 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. Monamine oxidase inhibitors d. Benzodiazepines Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Topic: Treatments Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 41. Quentin is seeking medication to treat his panic disorder. Due to his history of substance abuse, his doctor hesitates. After some consideration, the doctor is most likely to write Quentin a prescription for a(n) __________, confident that abuse won’t be an issue. a. SSRI b. tricyclic c. monamine oxidase inhibitor d. benzodiazepine Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Topic: Treatments Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 42. Angel feels anxious almost all the time. She finds herself worrying that her husband will leave her (although he has never shown any indication that he would), that she chose the wrong job, that her children might not be safe at school, and that she might get sick and leave her family in financial ruin. She calls her husband almost every day to find out when he will be home. She complains to her physician that she is always tired but cannot sleep or relax. Angel’s most likely diagnosis is __________. a. generalized anxiety disorder b. generalized social phobia c. panic disorder with agoraphobia d. obsessive-compulsive disorder Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 43. Derren’s moods have always seemed unpredictable and irrational. Suki, who has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, never knows when he is going to come home and yell at her and the kids. In family therapy, it is revealed that Derren’s moods are really not 15 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

irrational, but a reflection of the day’s sales at his store. Which of the following would be most likely to decrease Suki’s anxiety? a. Derren committing more money to advertising to increase sales b. Derren and Suki getting separated c. Derren calling home each day to let Suki know how the day went d. Derren selling the business Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 44. One of the main problems with the worry in generalized anxiety disorders is that it __________. a. keeps people distracted from what is really bothering them b. is a form of avoidance of deeper emotional issues and prevents extinction c. increases the effects of operant conditioning on fears d. keeps people with the disorder feeling happier than if they didn’t worry Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 45. If a pharmaceutical company were looking for a drug that would maximally treat generalized anxiety disorder they would want one that __________. a. suppressed the activity of the locus coeruleus in the brain stem and the central gray in the midbrain b. decreased GABA levels while increasing norepinephrine c. increased GABA levels while regulating serotonin d. decreased serotonin levels and suppressed activity in the locus coeruleus Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Topic: Biological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 46. Which of the following is a significant disadvantage of treating generalized anxiety disorder with a benzodiazepine? a. A therapeutic response is not seen for several weeks. b. There is a high risk of overdose. c. Such drugs can create physical and psychological dependence. 16 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. The somatic symptoms are not treated. Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Topic: Treatments Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 47. Martha struggles with generalized anxiety disorder and has tried multiple treatment plans; she is currently using a high dosage of benzodiazepines. Her therapist is concerned that Martha may be overly medicated and psychologically dependent on the medications, and suggests that she consider a highly successful therapy designed to treat GAD and help patients taper off the benzodiazepine dosage. What type of therapy is Martha’s therapist suggesting? a. The addition of an antipsychotic b. Shock therapy c. Cognitive-behavioral therapy d. Meditation Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Topic: Treatments Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 48. Which of the following is characteristic of the obsessions seen in obsessive-compulsive disorder? a. The obsessions serve to alleviate the anxiety created by the compulsions. b. The obsessions are clearly related to a traumatic life event. c. The obsessions are rarely related to the compulsions exhibited. d. Individuals with OCD attempt to neutralize the obsessions. Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 49. Taylor believes that it is extremely important to be clean. She cleans her kitchen and bathroom daily, and the rest of the house at least once every few days, and uses antibacterial soap and sterile water. She says she wants people to be able to eat off her floors, and is very proud of her house and the way she keeps it. Taylor has __________. a. obsessive-compulsive disorder b. specific phobia, situational type c. generalized anxiety disorder 17 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. no disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 50. Monica spends much of her day counting or saying certain words to herself. When she is not doing this, she is checking whether she left her doors unlocked. These symptoms illustrate __________. a. compulsions b. obsessions c. both obsessions (counting and saying words) and compulsions (checking the doors) d. neither obsessions nor compulsions Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 51. Which of the following is necessary for a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder? a. The presence of compulsive behaviors b. A persistent awareness of the irrational nature of the obsessions experienced c. Evidence of psychosis d. The symptomatic behavior causes distress. Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 52. Which of the following are among the most common obsessive thoughts in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder? a. Worry about humiliating oneself in public and fear of being bullied b. Fear of contamination and fear of harming others c. Being the victim of crime and having a panic attack in public d. Desire to get intoxicated on drugs and alcohol Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. 18 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 53. Which of the following is one of the five primary types of compulsive acts seen in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder? a. Cleaning b. Fear of contamination c. Fear of danger d. Scanning Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 54. Some things seem to be consistent across all the different forms that obsessive-compulsive disorder takes. These include __________. a. a tendency to have an aggressive, impulsive personality b. an overwhelming fear that something terrible will happen to the person or to others, for which they will be responsible c. a strong resistance to depressive and other mood disorders d. an inability to see that the compulsive actions they engage in are unnecessary and ridiculous Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 55. Which of the following is unique about obsessive-compulsive disorder, as compared to other anxiety disorders? a. It afflicts more men than women. b. The incidence is about equal for men and women. c. It usually begins in childhood. d. It is a culture-bound disorder. Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. 19 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 56. Which of the following is true of obsessive-compulsive disorder? a. Nearly six times more women than men suffer from OCD. b. It tends to begin in adolescence or early adulthood but is not uncommon in children. c. Once thought to be a fairly common disorder, with new diagnostic criteria, it is now seen as quite rare. d. Although most people have both obsessive thoughts and compulsive rituals, rarely are the two issues related. Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Topic: Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 57. Which of the following is a true statement about Mowrer’s two-process theory of avoidance learning? a. It provides an explanation for the development of all anxiety disorders. b. While it suggests mechanisms for the development of generalized anxiety disorder, it does not account for the development of panic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder. c. It does not account for the effectiveness of extinction procedures in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. It has not been helpful in explaining why people with obsessive-compulsive disorder develop obsessions in the first place, and why some people never develop compulsive behaviors. Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 58. The fact that dirt and contamination were threats to our ancestors suggests that __________. a. preparedness theory may help explain obsessive-compulsive disorder b. fear of these things is rational c. obsessive-compulsive disorder probably exists in many species, not just humans 20 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the oldest disorders in existence Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 59. Which of the following provides a unique challenge when trying to eliminate the obsessions seen in obsessive-compulsive disorder? a. The client is likely to feel that their concerns are justified. b. Attempting not to think about something may lead to thinking about it more. c. Obsessions are likely to be experienced only under certain environmental conditions. d. Medications are ineffective at suppressing obsessions. Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 60. Thought-action fusion is __________. a. a psychotic symptom that helps distinguish between anxiety disorders and psychotic disorders b. support for the preparedness theory of obsessive-compulsive disorder c. the belief that thinking about something is as bad as actually doing it d. the reason why trying to suppress unwanted thoughts often causes an increase in those thoughts Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 61. As discussed in your text, much evidence now suggests a number of biological causal factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder, including __________. a. a minimal or absent genetic contribution b. abnormalities in the functioning of the basal ganglia c. abnormalities in dopamine systems d. decreased activity in the orbital frontal cortex Answer: b 21 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Topic: Biological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 62. People with body dysmorphic disorder __________. a. overemphasize and show tremendous attention to information relating to attractiveness b. underemphasize and show little attention to information relating to attractiveness c. underemphasize and show little attention to information relating to height d. overemphasize and show tremendous attention to information relating to height Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Topic: Body Dysmorphic Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 63. Compulsive hair pulling is also referred to as __________. a. pedophilia b. hoarding c. frotteurism d. trichotillomania Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Topic: Trichotillomania Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 64. People suffering from koro __________. a. fear their vagina will fill up with mucus and become inert b. fear their penis will retract into the body, which then leads to death c. fear bees are living within their internal genitalia d. fear extraterrestrial beings are living within their bodies Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. Topic: Cultural Perspectives Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 22 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

65. Based on the prevalence rates of anxiety disorders across cultures, which of the following individuals is most likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder? a. Koki, a Japanese male living in Canada b. Sylvia, a Hispanic female living in the United States c. Moka, a Nigerian male living in Nigeria d. Laura, a Caucasian female living in the United States Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. Topic: Cultural Perspectives Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. SHORT ANSWER 66. What are the three components of fear? Answer: Modern definitions of fear define it as a basic emotion, characterized by physiological, cognitive, and behavioral components. The sympathetic nervous system is activated by a fear-producing stimulus, a feeling of fear is experienced, and there is some appropriate behavioral response, such as running away. Learning Objective: 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. Topic: Anxiety Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 67. How do cognitions help maintain phobias? Answer: Phobic people are constantly on the alert for their phobic object or situation, or for relevant stimuli; nonphobic people tend to focus their attention away from these things. Phobic people overestimate the probability that the feared object will be followed by something bad, which may strengthen the fear over time. Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 68. Describe how a phobia could be learned through vicarious conditioning.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: Phobias can be learned by watching another person who has the phobia. Watching that person behave fearfully around the feared object or situation can cause distress in the observer and lead to their learning the phobia. Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 69. Describe the purpose of exposure therapy for specific phobia. Answer: The purpose is to place people in the situation they fear for long enough that extinction occurs and their fear subsides. Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Topic: Treatments Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 70. What is a nocturnal panic attack and when does it most often occur? Answer: A nocturnal panic attack describes an incidence in which an individual is awakened from sleep in a state of panic. Of those diagnosed with panic disorder, approximately 50 to 60 percent report having experienced a nocturnal panic attack at least once. Nocturnal panic attacks occur in Stage 2 and Stage 3 sleep, usually a few hours after falling asleep. Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 71. What is necessary for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder? Answer: In order to be diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, an individual must exhibit worry on a majority of days over at least a six-month period. The worry must not be associated with another disorder and it must be perceived as difficult to control. In addition to the experience of worry, at least three of the following six symptoms must be present: (1) restlessness or edginess, (2) a feeling of being easily tired, (3) problems concentrating, (4) irritability, (5) muscle tension, and (6) sleep disturbance. Learning Objective: 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 72. What benefit do those with generalized anxiety disorder derive from worrying? Answer: Research has revealed that worrying does have a positive effect on those with GAD. While it does not prevent catastrophe, when those with GAD worry, emotional and physiological responses to negative stimuli are suppressed. In other words, the act of worrying about an event lessens the impact of that event if and when it does occur. Learning Objective: 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 73. What are obsessions? What are compulsions? Give an example of each. Answer: Obsessions are persistent, recurrent, intrusive thoughts. Examples include contamination and fear of harming oneself or others. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person feels driven to perform in a ritualistic way. They are usually in response to an obsession and done to reduce anxiety. Examples include washing and checking. Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 74. Describe the differences between hoarding disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Answer: People with symptoms of hoarding disorder show patterns of brain activation that differ from those of people diagnosed with OCD who do not have hoarding symptoms. Compulsive hoarders are more occupationally and socially disabled than people with OCD who do not have hoarding symptoms, and they are at higher risk for accidents and serious health problems. Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Topic: Hoarding Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. ESSAY

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

75. Discuss the difference between fear and anxiety. Answer: Fear is a basic emotion that involves activation of the sympathetic nervous system, preparing the body for action. Fear is a response to a threat that we are faced with; fear is a reaction to a stimulus that is before us. Anxiety is not a basic emotion, but a combination of emotions and thoughts that are directed toward some anticipated event. Thus, fear is a reaction to a stimulus and anxiety is a more cognitive reaction to some dreaded event. Fear is a reaction to something in front of us, while anxiety is a dread of some future event. GRADING RUBRIC: 9 points total, 3 for each definition and 3 for explaining how the two differ. Learning Objective: 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. Topic: The Fear and Anxiety Response Patterns Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 76. Explain how cognitive factors affect the onset and maintenance of social phobia. Provide three specific examples to illustrate your understanding. Answer: Cognitive factors play a role in both the onset and maintenance of social phobia. It has been suggested that those who develop social phobias may tend to expect that others will reject them or view them negatively, setting the stage for a fear of any situation in which one will be evaluated. An expectation that one will behave in a socially unacceptable fashion can also contribute to the development of social phobia, as well as increase the chance that one’s behavior will be unacceptable. Thus, negative expectations of both how one will be perceived and how one will act can contribute to social phobia. These cognitive distortions may then maintain social phobia by increasing social awkwardness and a belief in negative evaluations. There is also some evidence to suggest that perceptions of uncontrollability and unpredictability, possibly resulting from social defeat, may also play a role in the development of social phobia. GRADING RUBRIC: 6 points total, 2 for each of 3 cognitive factors identified. Learning Objective: 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 77. Discuss the theory of evolutionary preparedness and how it may apply to specific phobia, social phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Answer: Our evolutionary history has affected the stimuli we are most likely to fear. People and primates seem genetically prepared to quickly associate certain objects with fear. While there are many types of specific phobias, most involve animals and situations that were a threat to our ancestors. Those primates and humans who had this rapid acquisition of fear were more likely to survive and pass on their genes. The fear itself is not inherited, but the tendency to quickly make certain connections is. It was also advantageous to acquire fears of social 26 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

stimuli that signaled danger (for example, angry or contemptuous faces). So social phobias may have an evolutionary basis. The most common obsession in OCD—contamination and dirt—was also a threat to our ancestors and may have the same type of preparedness component. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 4 for explanation of preparedness, 2 for each disorder. Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module 6.1 Quiz: The Fear and Anxiety Response Patterns EOM Q6.1.1 What is the primary difference between a fear response and a panic attack? a) Panic attacks are accompanied by a subjective sense of impending doom or fear of losing control that is not usually present during a fear response. b) Fear responses usually occur "out of the blue," while panic attacks are a response to a specific, identifiable trigger. Consider This: Remember which kind of response is sometimes accompanied by feelings of impending doom. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. c) Fear responses are emotional and cognitive in nature, while panic attacks involve only physical symptoms. Consider This: Remember which kind of response is sometimes accompanied by feelings of impending doom. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. d) Panic attacks are usually very short in duration, averaging about 30 seconds, while fear responses can last for hours. Consider This: Remember which kind of response is sometimes accompanied by feelings of impending doom. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. Module: The Fear and Anxiety Response Patterns Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.1.2 Which response pattern is described as a complex blend of unpleasant emotions and cognitions that is very diffuse and oriented to the future? a) anxiety b) fear Consider This: This involves negative mood, worry about possible future threats or danger, selfpreoccupation, and a sense of being unable to predict the future threat or to control it if it occurs. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. c) apprehension Consider This: This involves negative mood, worry about possible future threats or danger, selfpreoccupation, and a sense of being unable to predict the future threat or to control it if it occurs. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. d) trepidation Consider This: This involves negative mood, worry about possible future threats or danger, selfpreoccupation, and a sense of being unable to predict the future threat or to control it if it occurs. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. 28 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. Module: The Fear and Anxiety Response Patterns Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q6.1.3 A __________ occurs in the absence of any external threat. a) panic attack b) fear response Consider This: This type of reaction is caused by some misfiring of this response system. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. c) depressive episode Consider This: This type of reaction is caused by some misfiring of this response system. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. d) psychotic episode Consider This: This type of reaction is caused by some misfiring of this response system. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. Module: The Fear and Anxiety Response Patterns Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.1.4 Diana and her family decide to go camping for the weekend. When Diana wakes up and steps out of her tent, she sees a bear with its back turned to her, going through their trash. She immediately freezes, her heart rate increases, and then she steps back into the tent quietly to make sure the bear does not hear or see her. This response would be considered a __________. a) fear response b) panic attack Consider This: This response is a basic emotion shared by many animals that may activate the fight-or-flight response of the sympathetic nervous system. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. c) traumatic response Consider This: This response is a basic emotion shared by many animals that may activate the fight-or-flight response of the sympathetic nervous system. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. d) anxiety disorder Consider This: This response is a basic emotion shared by many animals that may activate the fight-or-flight response of the sympathetic nervous system. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. Module: The Fear and Anxiety Response Patterns Skill Level: Apply 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.1.5 Every time Tia walks by her neighbor's house, their outdoor cat arches his back and hisses at her, causing her to feel nervous that the cat is going to attack her. Which of the following scenarios is most likely to happen as a result of these repeated interactions? a) Tia will feel nervous when passing her neighbor's house even when the cat is not outside. b) Tia will feel scared of all animals. Consider This: Neutral stimuli that are repeatedly paired with frightening events can start to elicit fear or anxiety themselves. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. c) Tia will be scared of her neighbors. Consider This: Neutral stimuli that are repeatedly paired with frightening events can start to elicit fear or anxiety themselves. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. d) Tia will get increasingly scared of her neighbor's dog. Consider This: Neutral stimuli that are repeatedly paired with frightening events can start to elicit fear or anxiety themselves. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. Module: The Fear and Anxiety Response Patterns Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult End of Module Quiz 6.2: Overview of the Anxiety Disorders and Their Commonalities EOM Q6.2.1 Which type of anxiety disorder is marked by a persistent and disproportionate fear of a specific object or situation that presents little or no actual danger? a) specific phobia b) generalized anxiety disorder Consider This: The symptoms of this condition often lead to a great deal of avoidance of the feared stimulus. 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. c) panic disorder Consider This: The symptoms of this condition often lead to a great deal of avoidance of the feared stimulus. 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. d) obsessive-compulsive disorder Consider This: The symptoms of this condition often lead to a great deal of avoidance of the feared stimulus. 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. Module: Overview of the Anxiety Disorders and Their Commonalities Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q6.2.2 Which of the following is no longer considered an anxiety disorder in DSM-5? 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a) obsessive-compulsive disorder b) social anxiety Consider This: The best answer has been moved into its own category of disorders in the latest version of DSM. 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. c) panic disorder Consider This: The best answer has been moved into its own category of disorders in the latest version of DSM. 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. d) generalized anxiety disorder Consider This: The best answer has been moved into its own category of disorders in the latest version of DSM. 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. Module: Overview of the Anxiety Disorders and Their Commonalities Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q6.2.3 Which of the following is considered the single most effective treatment for the various anxiety disorders? a) treatment through graduated exposure to feared cues, objects, and situations b) virtual reality therapy, acclimating patients to feared stimuli Consider This: This highly effective treatment is maintained until the patient habituates to the feared stimuli. 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. c) psychodynamic therapy aimed at understanding the unconscious forces that perpetuate the anxiety Consider This: This highly effective treatment is maintained until the patient habituates to the feared stimuli. 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. d) Aaron Beck's treatment strategies for depression Consider This: This highly effective treatment is maintained until the patient habituates to the feared stimuli. 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. Module: Overview of the Anxiety Disorders and Their Commonalities Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.2.4 __________ involves a pervasive sense of anxiety and worry across many different areas of life. a) Generalized anxiety disorder b) Agoraphobia Consider This: People with this disorder experience worry and anxiety that is not focused on any one concern. 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. c) Panic disorder Consider This: People with this disorder experience worry and anxiety that is not focused on any one concern. 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. d) Social anxiety disorder 31 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: People with this disorder experience worry and anxiety that is not focused on any one concern. 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. Module: Overview of the Anxiety Disorders and Their Commonalities Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 6.3: Specific Phobias EOM Q6.3.1 Marita has a tremendous fear of baseball hats. She is not afraid of any other kind of hat, and in fact she wears stylish hats on a regular basis. When she is near a person wearing a baseball cap, however, she gets very upset and has to move away from them. She cannot explain why this fear exists and recognizes it to be irrational. Marita has had relationships end because of this fear in the past. What would be the best diagnosis for Marita's fear? a) specific phobia b) social anxiety disorder Consider This: This condition may involve a fear response to harmless representations of the stimulus, such as photographs or television images. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. c) generalized anxiety disorder Consider This: This condition may involve a fear response to harmless representations of the stimulus, such as photographs or television images. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. d) agoraphobia Consider This: This condition may involve a fear response to harmless representations of the stimulus, such as photographs or television images. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Module: Specific Phobias Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.3.2 Gjabolla has been suffering from a terrible fear of lightning for some time now. Whenever there are storms in the weather forecast, she gets very upset and plans on spending the duration of that time in her basement. She has even called in sick to work to avoid going out during a bad thunderstorm. How long would these symptoms have to persist before a diagnosis of a specific phobia could be made? a) 6 months b) 2 weeks Consider This: Remember that a specific phobia must be somewhat chronic before it would be differentiated from a temporary fear. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. 32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c) 1 month Consider This: Remember that a specific phobia must be somewhat chronic before it would be differentiated from a temporary fear. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. d) 3 months Consider This: Remember that a specific phobia must be somewhat chronic before it would be differentiated from a temporary fear. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Module: Specific Phobias Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.3.3 Jonah has a crippling fear of thunderstorms. Even though he is in his teens, thunder and lightning cause him to retreat to his bedroom where he will hide under his bed covers until the storm ends. Jonah's mother has had a lifelong fear of thunderstorms since one of her siblings was struck by lightning and killed when she was young. According to learned behavior theory, how did Jonah's phobia develop? a) through vicarious conditioning b) through classical conditioning Consider This: There are several ways phobias can develop according to learned behavior theory, some more direct and some less direct. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. c) because of repressed id impulses Consider This: There are several ways phobias can develop according to learned behavior theory, some more direct and some less direct. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. d) because of evolutionary preparedness Consider This: There are several ways phobias can develop according to learned behavior theory, some more direct and some less direct. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Module: Specific Phobias Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q6.3.4 How would a psychoanalytic theorist explain the emergence of a specific phobia? a) Phobias are a defense against anxiety that stems from repressed id impulses. b) Fixation at the anal or phallic stage of psychosexual development results in an aversion to a specific stimulus. Consider This: This explanation suggests that it is dangerous to "know" the impulse being kept in the unconscious, and so the anxiety is displaced onto a different external target. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. c) Unconscious repressed conflicts centered around an attachment figure are breaking through to one's preconscious awareness. Consider This: This explanation suggests that it is dangerous to "know" the impulse being kept in the unconscious, and so the anxiety is displaced onto a different external target. 6.3 Explain 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

the clinical features of specific phobias. d) Phobias are a reaction formation to an acceptable desire to be close to or engage with the phobic target object. Consider This: This explanation suggests that it is dangerous to "know" the impulse being kept in the unconscious, and so the anxiety is displaced onto a different external target. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Module: Specific Phobias Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.3.5 From an evolutionary perspective, phobias are a result of __________ learning, which suggests that humans and other animals that rapidly learn to fear certain threatening objects or situations would have a selective advantage over other members of the species. a) prepared b) instinctive Consider This: These fears are not necessarily instinctual (or present at birth) but are highly resistant to extinction. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. c) associative Consider This: These fears are not necessarily instinctual (or present at birth) but are highly resistant to extinction. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. d) innate Consider This: These fears are not necessarily instinctual (or present at birth) but are highly resistant to extinction. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Module: Specific Phobias Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 6.4: Social Anxiety Disorder EOM Q6.4.1 Anthony has a tremendous and irrational fear of using a public restroom. No matter what his bathroom needs are, he is intensely afraid that he will embarrass or humiliate himself when using a public facility. This has led to significant disturbances in his personal and professional life. What might be the best diagnosis for Anthony's particular problem? a) social anxiety b) agoraphobia Consider This: Intense fear of public speaking is the single most common type. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. c) panic disorder Consider This: Intense fear of public speaking is the single most common type. 6.4 Discuss the 34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

clinical features of social anxiety. d) generalized anxiety disorder Consider This: Intense fear of public speaking is the single most common type. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Module: Social Anxiety Disorder Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.4.2 The frequency with which those suffering from social anxiety disorder can recall a specific traumatic experience as being at the root of their fear speaks to the importance of __________ in the development of such a condition. a) classical conditioning b) operant conditioning Consider This: Ninety-two percent of an adult sample recalled instances of severe teasing in childhood. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. c) cognitive learning Consider This: Ninety-two percent of an adult sample recalled instances of severe teasing in childhood. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. d) observational learning Consider This: Ninety-two percent of an adult sample recalled instances of severe teasing in childhood. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Module: Social Anxiety Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.4.3 From a(n) __________ perspective, people with social anxiety would naturally fall toward the lower end of socially-constructed dominance hierarchies. a) evolutionary b) neurological Consider This: In such a situation, fears would be associated with signals of dominance or aggression from other individuals who fell higher on such a hierarchy. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. c) existential Consider This: In such a situation, fears would be associated with signals of dominance or aggression from other individuals who fell higher on such a hierarchy. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. d) Gestalt Consider This: In such a situation, fears would be associated with signals of dominance or aggression from other individuals who fell higher on such a hierarchy. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. 35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Module: Social Anxiety Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.4.4 From a biological model of social anxiety, __________ is the most important individual temperamental variable. a) behavioral inhibition b) social activation Consider This: The correct answer shares characteristics with the personality traits of neuroticism and introversion. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. c) stranger anxiety Consider This: The correct answer shares characteristics with the personality traits of neuroticism and introversion. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. d) stranger anxiety Consider This: The correct answer shares characteristics with the personality traits of neuroticism and introversion. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Module: Social Anxiety Disorder Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q6.4.5 Dr. Johnson is working with her patient to help reduce her symptoms of social anxiety. A key part of her treatment involves teaching her patient to uncover and, over time, adjust the automatic thought that she will "just sound dumb" if she talks at a party. What treatment technique is Dr. Johnson using? a) cognitive restructuring b) social activation Consider This: In this technique, the therapist helps patients change their underlying negative, automatic thoughts through logical reanalysis, challenging the thoughts by asking oneself questions based in reason. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. c) exposure Consider This: In this technique, the therapist helps patients change their underlying negative, automatic thoughts through logical reanalysis, challenging the thoughts by asking oneself questions based in reason. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. d) supportive psychotherapy Consider This: In this technique, the therapist helps patients change their underlying negative, automatic thoughts through logical reanalysis, challenging the thoughts by asking oneself questions based in reason. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Module: Social Anxiety Disorder 36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult End of Module Quiz 6.5: Panic Disorder EOM Q6.5.1 Although a panic attack may last for as long as an hour or more, it typically reaches its peak intensity within __________ minutes. a) 10 b) 5 Consider This: Panic attacks are generally described as brief, while other types of anxiety are more long lasting and do not have an abrupt onset. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. c) 20 Consider This: Panic attacks are generally described as brief, while other types of anxiety are more long lasting and do not have an abrupt onset. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. d) 30 Consider This: Panic attacks are generally described as brief, while other types of anxiety are more long lasting and do not have an abrupt onset. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Module: Panic Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.5.2 Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the prevalence of panic disorder in women and men? a) Panic disorder is twice as prevalent in women as it is in men. b) About 90 percent of all people diagnosed with panic disorder are women. Consider This: Agoraphobia, which often accompanies panic disorder, also shows a prevalence imbalance between genders. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. c) Panic disorder is one of the few psychiatric illnesses that are seen more in men than in women. Consider This: Agoraphobia, which often accompanies panic disorder, also shows a prevalence imbalance between genders. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. d) Panic disorder is rarely diagnosed in men, but is the single most common psychiatric condition seen in women. Consider This: Agoraphobia, which often accompanies panic disorder, also shows a prevalence imbalance between genders. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Module: Panic Disorder Skill Level: Remember 37 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q6.5.3 Vincent, age 32, has recently experienced a panic attack for the first time in his life. He is worried that he will now develop a full-blown case of panic disorder. He should know that __________ percent of adults have had a panic attack, but most do not go on to develop panic disorder. a) 23 b) 10 Consider This: Panic attacks are much more frequent than panic disorder, but are never experienced by most people. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. c) 41 Consider This: Panic attacks are much more frequent than panic disorder, but are never experienced by most people. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. d) 66 Consider This: Panic attacks are much more frequent than panic disorder, but are never experienced by most people. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Module: Panic Disorder Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.5.4 Which part of the brain stem has been implicated in the neurobiology of panic attacks? a) locus coeruleus b) reticular activating system Consider This: Only one of the answer options is, in fact, part of the brain stem. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. c) hypothalamus Consider This: Only one of the answer options is, in fact, part of the brain stem. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. d) amygdala Consider This: Only one of the answer options is, in fact, part of the brain stem. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Module: Panic Disorder Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.5.5 What evidence exists that nocturnal panic attacks are not specifically related to threatening or scary dreams? a) They typically occur during stage 2 and early stage 3 sleep. b) People waking from sleep with a panic attack can almost never remember what it is that they 38 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

were dreaming when they woke up. Consider This: Nocturnal panic attacks usually occur a few hours after a person falls asleep. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. c) Dream states cause an involuntary depression of the sympathetic nervous system, making it impossible for a panic attack to occur. Consider This: Nocturnal panic attacks usually occur a few hours after a person falls asleep. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. d) The higher centers of the brain, where panic attacks originate, remain dormant and inactive during the sleep stages involving dreams. Consider This: Nocturnal panic attacks usually occur a few hours after a person falls asleep. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. End of Module Quiz 6.6: Generalized Anxiety Disorder EOM Q6.6.1 Luca is continually worried, but he cannot quite explain what he is upset about. He feels that there is always a reason to be anxious, and finds that his attempts to control this worry are unsuccessful. This has been going on more days than not for over a year. Luca may be suffering from __________. a) generalized anxiety disorder b) a specific phobia Consider This: The worry experienced by people with this condition is often diffuse and futureoriented. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. c) social anxiety Consider This: The worry experienced by people with this condition is often diffuse and futureoriented. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. d) social anxiety Consider This: The worry experienced by people with this condition is often diffuse and futureoriented. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Module: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.6.2 Research has found that classic symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder seem to disappear after the age of __________ for many people. a) 50 b) 40 Consider This: The disorder is often replaced by a somatic symptom disorder that is marked by physical symptoms and health concerns. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. c) 30 Consider This: The disorder is often replaced by a somatic symptom disorder that is marked by 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

physical symptoms and health concerns. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. d) 10 Consider This: The disorder is often replaced by a somatic symptom disorder that is marked by physical symptoms and health concerns. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Module: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q6.6.3 People with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) sometimes believe that the high amount of worry associated with the disorder brings certain benefits. Which of the following is a benefit some believe to be associated with GAD? a) avoidance of catastrophe b) ability to fend off panic attacks and physical ailments Consider This: During treatment, it is considered helpful to show that this outcome is actually not impacted by GAD-related safety behaviors. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. c) increased longevity Consider This: During treatment, it is considered helpful to show that this outcome is actually not impacted by GAD-related safety behaviors. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. d) financial success brought about by fear of spending money Consider This: During treatment, it is considered helpful to show that this outcome is actually not impacted by GAD-related safety behaviors. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Module: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.6.4 Dr. Mackelroy is seeing a client who suffers from the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. The therapy has focused on helping this client try to control her worries and anxiety-producing thoughts. What is a possible negative outcome of such an approach? a) It may lead to a paradoxical increase in intrusive thoughts and an enhanced perception of the client's inability to control them. b) The psychological energy needed to control these thoughts may rob from other important psychological functions, increasing the chance of developing a secondary diagnosis. Consider This: Realizing that one does not have their desired level of control can create a negative, self-sustaining cycle of worry and dread. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c) Research finds that when such attempts are unsuccessful, the client develops an increased risk for a major depressive episode. Consider This: Realizing that one does not have their desired level of control can create a negative, self-sustaining cycle of worry and dread. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. d) For reasons not well-understood, attempts to increase one's control of worry and negative thoughts are associated with an increase in somatic symptoms. Consider This: Realizing that one does not have their desired level of control can create a negative, self-sustaining cycle of worry and dread. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Module: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.6.5 A functional deficiency in which neurotransmitter has been found to be associated with the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder? a) GABA b) dopamine Consider This: The discovery of the impact of benzodiazepines on anxiety in the 1950s led to this conclusion. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. c) serotonin Consider This: The discovery of the impact of benzodiazepines on anxiety in the 1950s led to this conclusion. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. d) glutamate Consider This: The discovery of the impact of benzodiazepines on anxiety in the 1950s led to this conclusion. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Module: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 6.7: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders EOM Q6.7.1 Although temporary, completing a compulsive act or series of acts usually brings on __________ for the patient. a) satisfaction, reduced tension, and an increased sense of control b) feelings of euphoria Consider This: Compulsive acts are engaged in to reduce discomfort for the patient. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. c) feelings of euphoria 41 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Compulsive acts are engaged in to reduce discomfort for the patient. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. d) a state of dissociation Consider This: Compulsive acts are engaged in to reduce discomfort for the patient. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Module: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.7.2 __________ are persistent and recurrent intrusive thoughts that are experienced as disturbing, inappropriate, and uncontrollable. __________, on the other hand, involve repetitive behavior or mental rituals that a person feels driven to perform. a) Obsessions; Compulsions b) Kinetics; Ruminations Consider This: The presence of one or both of these symptoms can lead to a diagnosis of one of the most disabling of all mental disorders. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessivecompulsive disorder and how it is treated. c) Ruminations; Kinetics Consider This: The presence of one or both of these symptoms can lead to a diagnosis of one of the most disabling of all mental disorders. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessivecompulsive disorder and how it is treated. d) Compulsions; Obsessions Consider This: The presence of one or both of these symptoms can lead to a diagnosis of one of the most disabling of all mental disorders. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessivecompulsive disorder and how it is treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Module: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q6.7.3 Childhood or early adolescent onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder is more common in __________ and is often associated with greater severity. a) boys than in girls b) only-children than kids with siblings Consider This: In adults, some studies report an equal distribution of OCD between men and women, while others suggest a slightly greater incidence in women. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. c) middle children than oldest or youngest siblings Consider This: In adults, some studies report an equal distribution of OCD between men and 42 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

women, while others suggest a slightly greater incidence in women. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. d) girls than in boys Consider This: In adults, some studies report an equal distribution of OCD between men and women, while others suggest a slightly greater incidence in women. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Module: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.7.4 Neurological research into physical causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder has found that abnormalities occur in the basal ganglia of those with the condition. Why would this be related to OCD? a) The basal ganglia are linked at the amygdala to the limbic system, which controls emotional behaviors. b) Heightened activity of the basal ganglia results in a greater amount of synaptic pruning. This, in turn, heightens the incidence of obsessive thoughts. Consider This: People with OCD also have abnormally high levels of activity in the subcortical caudate nucleus. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. c) The basal ganglia are directly involved in regulating the way the two cerebral hemispheres communicate across the corpus callosum. Consider This: People with OCD also have abnormally high levels of activity in the subcortical caudate nucleus. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. d) When the basal ganglia are underaroused, the most primitive parts of the brain—the brainstem—increase their activity to compensate. Consider This: People with OCD also have abnormally high levels of activity in the subcortical caudate nucleus. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Module: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q6.7.5 What is the most effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder? a) exposure and response prevention b) habituation training Consider This: By intentionally facing one's obsessions and then avoiding their compulsive 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

rituals, clients often find that their anxiety will naturally dissipate over time. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. c) prescription benzodiazepines Consider This: By intentionally facing one's obsessions and then avoiding their compulsive rituals, clients often find that their anxiety will naturally dissipate over time. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. d) antidepressant medications Consider This: By intentionally facing one's obsessions and then avoiding their compulsive rituals, clients often find that their anxiety will naturally dissipate over time. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Module: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 6.8: Cultural Perspectives EOM Q6.8.1 Which culture-specific disorder features many of the symptoms of a panic attack, but also includes episodes of bursting into tears, anger, and uncontrollable shouting? a) ataque de nervios b) koro Consider This: The correct answer is most often seen in Latin Americans from the Caribbean, including Puerto Rico. 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. c) taijin kyofusho Consider This: The correct answer is most often seen in Latin Americans from the Caribbean, including Puerto Rico. 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. d) susto Consider This: The correct answer is most often seen in Latin Americans from the Caribbean, including Puerto Rico. 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. Module: Cultural Perspectives Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q6.8.2 According to the WHO's World Mental Health Survey Consortium, with the exception of __________, anxiety disorders are the most frequently reported psychological disorder in nations around the world. 44 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a) Ukraine b) China Consider This: For this particular country, anxiety disorders exist but are not the most frequent of psychological disorders. 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. c) India Consider This: For this particular country, anxiety disorders exist but are not the most frequent of psychological disorders. 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. d) Latvia Consider This: For this particular country, anxiety disorders exist but are not the most frequent of psychological disorders. 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. Module: Cultural Perspectives Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q6.8.3 Which of the following psychological disorders is most similar to taijin kyofusho? a) social anxiety disorder b) panic disorder Consider This: Most people with taijin kyofusho are concerned about doing something that will embarrass or offend others. 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. c) anorexia nervosa Consider This: Most people with taijin kyofusho are concerned about doing something that will embarrass or offend others. 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. d) post-traumatic stress disorder Consider This: Most people with taijin kyofusho are concerned about doing something that will embarrass or offend others. 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. Module: Cultural Perspectives Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Chapter Quiz: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders EOC Q6.1 Which of the following anxiety response components involves general avoidance of an upsetting stimulus? 45 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a) behavioral b) cognitive Consider This: This same component, when applied to fear, would result in a desire to escape or run away from the upsetting stimulus. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. c) physiological Consider This: This same component, when applied to fear, would result in a desire to escape or run away from the upsetting stimulus. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. d) subjective Consider This: This same component, when applied to fear, would result in a desire to escape or run away from the upsetting stimulus. 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety. Module: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q6.2 Which of the following is considered to be an anxiety disorder in DSM-5? a) agoraphobia b) obsessive-compulsive disorder Consider This: A person with this disorder goes to great lengths to avoid a variety of feared situations, ranging from open streets and bridges to crowded public places. 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. c) bipolar I disorder Consider This: A person with this disorder goes to great lengths to avoid a variety of feared situations, ranging from open streets and bridges to crowded public places. 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. d) schizophrenia Consider This: A person with this disorder goes to great lengths to avoid a variety of feared situations, ranging from open streets and bridges to crowded public places. 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders. Module: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q6.3 __________ conditioning can be used to explain that the development of a phobia is transmitted when one person observes another person behaving in a phobic manner and then adopts that same fear of the stimulus. a) Vicarious b) Classical Consider This: This is a form of observational learning, and it can be just as impactful as developing a phobia through direct interaction with the phobic trigger. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. 46 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c) Dispositional Consider This: This is a form of observational learning, and it can be just as impactful as developing a phobia through direct interaction with the phobic trigger. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. d) Operant Consider This: This is a form of observational learning, and it can be just as impactful as developing a phobia through direct interaction with the phobic trigger. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Module: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q6.4 What has research repeatedly found to be the best way of treating a specific phobia? a) exposure therapy b) pharmacotherapy Consider This: It seems that confronting the trigger of one's fears is the best way to overcome the fears. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. c) Gestalt therapy Consider This: It seems that confronting the trigger of one's fears is the best way to overcome the fears. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. d) psychoanalysis Consider This: It seems that confronting the trigger of one's fears is the best way to overcome the fears. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Module: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q6.5 Which of the following most accurately describes outcomes of using D-cycloserine in the treatment of specific phobias? a) When used alongside exposure therapy, D-cycloserine enhances the treatment of specific phobias. b) D-cycloserine is effective in reducing symptoms of specific phobias on its own. Consider This: This medication has been found to facilitate extinction of conditioned fears in animals. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. c) D-cycloserine has no beneficial effects in the treatment of specific phobias. Consider This: This medication has been found to facilitate extinction of conditioned fears in animals. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. d) When used alongside exposure therapy, D-cycloserine decreases the effectiveness of treatment. Consider This: This medication has been found to facilitate extinction of conditioned fears in 47 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

animals. 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias. Module: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q6.6 Results of a large study of children with parents with an emotional disorder found that those high on __________ between 2 and 6 years of age were nearly three times more likely to be diagnosed with social anxiety disorder than were children low on this trait. a) behavioral inhibition b) neuroticism Consider This: Infants and children who exhibit this trait are often easily distressed by unfamiliar stimuli and are shy and avoidant. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. c) dependence Consider This: Infants and children who exhibit this trait are often easily distressed by unfamiliar stimuli and are shy and avoidant. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. d) introversion Consider This: Infants and children who exhibit this trait are often easily distressed by unfamiliar stimuli and are shy and avoidant. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Module: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q6.7 Exposure to which two factors seems to play an important role in the development of social anxiety? a) uncontrollability and unpredictability b) conflict and frustration Consider This: Perception of these two conditions can lead to submissive and docile behaviors, which are often associated with social anxiety. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. c) aggression and assertion Consider This: Perception of these two conditions can lead to submissive and docile behaviors, which are often associated with social anxiety. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. d) depression and mania Consider This: Perception of these two conditions can lead to submissive and docile behaviors, which are often associated with social anxiety. 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety. Module: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q6.8 Although it does not always occur, __________ is a frequent complication of panic disorder. a) agoraphobia b) social anxiety disorder Consider This: This condition involves an increase in fearfulness of situations and stimuli outside of one's home. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. c) hoarding disorder Consider This: This condition involves an increase in fearfulness of situations and stimuli outside of one's home. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. d) generalized anxiety disorder Consider This: This condition involves an increase in fearfulness of situations and stimuli outside of one's home. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Module: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q6.9 Which theory of panic proposes that people who are hypersensitive to bodily sensations, and who interpret those sensations in a catastrophic manner, are more prone to developing panic disorder? a) cognitive theory of panic b) comprehensive learning theory of panic Consider This: People with panic disorder are more likely to interpret their bodily sensations in a catastrophic manner. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. c) developmental theory of panic Consider This: People with panic disorder are more likely to interpret their bodily sensations in a catastrophic manner. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. d) biological theory of panic Consider This: People with panic disorder are more likely to interpret their bodily sensations in a catastrophic manner. 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder. Module: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q6.10 Ruth, age 72, is visiting the office of a psychotherapist to deal with some recent problems related to anxiety. Given the rates of anxiety disorders in older adults, which of the following is she most likely to be dealing with? a) generalized anxiety disorder b) social anxiety Consider This: People with this disorder mostly experience a general sense of diffuse anxiety and worry about many potentially bad things that may happen; some may also experience an 49 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

occasional panic attack, but it is not a focus of their anxiety. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. c) panic disorder Consider This: People with this disorder mostly experience a general sense of diffuse anxiety and worry about many potentially bad things that may happen; some may also experience an occasional panic attack, but it is not a focus of their anxiety. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. d) agoraphobia Consider This: People with this disorder mostly experience a general sense of diffuse anxiety and worry about many potentially bad things that may happen; some may also experience an occasional panic attack, but it is not a focus of their anxiety. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Module: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q6.11 The effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on generalized anxiety disorder seem to be influenced by CRH's influence on a part of the brain called the __________, which has an important influence on one's ability to mediate generalized anxiety. a) bed nucleus of the stria terminalis b) lateral geniculate nucleus of the limbic system Consider This: This part of the brain is an extension of the amygdala, a part of the brain important in our fear responses. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. c) anterior fissure of the putamen Consider This: This part of the brain is an extension of the amygdala, a part of the brain important in our fear responses. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. d) bilateral corpus callosal junction Consider This: This part of the brain is an extension of the amygdala, a part of the brain important in our fear responses. 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder. Module: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q6.12 Jennifer has a very unusual problem. She feels compelled to pull out her own hair, both the hair on her head as well as hair on different parts of her body. This has led to embarrassing bald spots, skin irritations, and occasional bleeding in the past. Jennifer is now in treatment for __________. a) trichotillomania b) excoriation disorder Consider This: This condition was previously categorized as an impulse-control disorder in past 50 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

versions of the DSM. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. c) obsessive-compulsive disorder Consider This: This condition was previously categorized as an impulse-control disorder in past versions of the DSM. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. d) body dysmorphic disorder Consider This: This condition was previously categorized as an impulse-control disorder in past versions of the DSM. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Module: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q6.13 Although traditionally thought of as a symptom of OCD, hoarding was added as a new disorder in the DSM-5. Which of the following pieces of evidence likely influenced this decision? a) Treatments that reduce OCD symptoms do not seem to reduce hoarding symptoms. b) People with OCD tend to demonstrate poorer prognosis than people with hoarding symptoms. Consider This: Recent research has also demonstrated unique patterns of neural activation among patients with OCD and hoarding compared to those with OCD alone. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. c) People engaging in compulsive hoarding tend to be less occupationally and socially disabled than people with OCD. Consider This: Recent research has also demonstrated unique patterns of neural activation among patients with OCD and hoarding compared to those with OCD alone. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. d) Between 10 and 40 percent of people with OCD also engage in compulsive hoarding. Consider This: Recent research has also demonstrated unique patterns of neural activation among patients with OCD and hoarding compared to those with OCD alone. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Module: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q6.14 Which of the following parts of the body is the most frequent target of concern for people with body dysmorphic disorder? a) skin b) breasts/chest/nipples 51 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Seventy-three percent of those with body dysmorphic disorder focus their concerns on this area of their body. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. c) stomach Consider This: Seventy-three percent of those with body dysmorphic disorder focus their concerns on this area of their body. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. d) nose Consider This: Seventy-three percent of those with body dysmorphic disorder focus their concerns on this area of their body. 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated. Module: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders Skill Level: Easy Difficulty Level: Remember EOC Q6.15 Unlike in the United States, the sources of worry in GAD seem to vary across cultures. For example, in Yoruba, __________. a) worries center on creating and maintaining a large family b) getting a good job Consider This: All but one of these are typical of worries observed in GAD in Western cultures. 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. c) financial security Consider This: All but one of these are typical of worries observed in GAD in Western cultures. 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. d) familial illness Consider This: All but one of these are typical of worries observed in GAD in Western cultures. 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry. Module: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders Skill Level: Easy Difficulty Level: Remember

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 7: Mood Disorders and Suicide Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Learning Objective

Question Type

Remember the Facts

Introduction

Multiple Choice

Understand the Concepts

Apply What You Know

Analyze It

Short Answer Essay 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence.

Multiple Choice

2, 3, 4, 5

Short Answer Essay

7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders.

Multiple Choice

9, 11, 16

12, 13

Short Answer

25, 28

23, 24, 27, 32, 33, 34, 35

10, 14, 15, 18, 17, 20 19

Essay 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders.

7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders.

Multiple Choice Short Answer

68, 69, 70

Essay

Multiple Choice

39, 41, 43

26, 29, 30, 31

21, 22

37, 40, 42

Short Answer

Essay

7.5 Describe the causal Multiple Choice factors influencing the development and maintenance Short Answer of bipolar disorders.

45, 47, 48

Essay

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

7.6 Explain how cultural Multiple Choice factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. Short Answer

50, 51 72

Essay 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders.

Multiple Choice

54, 57

52, 53, 55, 56

58, 59, 60

61, 62

Short Answer Essay

7.8 Describe the prevalence Multiple Choice and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Short Answer

73, 74

Essay 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors.

Multiple Choice

63, 64, 65

Short Answer Essay

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 7: Mood Disorders and Suicide MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What do all mood disorders have in common? a. The presence of a negative mood state b. They are at least six months in duration. c. The presence of irrational thoughts d. They are characterized by emotional extremes. Answer: d Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. What are the two key moods involved in mood disorders? a. Anger and depression b. Sadness and anxiety c. Mania and depression d. Anger and mania Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Topic: Mood Disorders: An Overview Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3. Which of the following is true of major depressive disorder? a. It does not begin until early adulthood. b. It is equally common in men and women. c. It occurs five times as often in elderly people as in middle-aged adults. d. It is the most prevalent mood disturbance. Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 4. In order to meet the criteria for a major depressive episode, a person must have __________. 3 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. disinterest in pleasurable activities for at least two weeks b. racing thoughts for at least a week c. feelings of grandiosity over a period of three weeks d. ongoing intense irritability or violent outbursts Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 5. One criterion for diagnosing a manic episode is __________. a. that the episode can be associated with the side effects of medications b. increasing and unusual talkativeness c. that it cycles every three days for a month d. that schizophrenia is diagnosed as a comorbid condition Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 6. The main difference between a manic episode and a hypomanic episode is __________. a. whether the person also experiences depression b. the number of symptoms the person has c. whether the person has irritability d. the amount of social and occupational impairment Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 7. Five months after her husband’s death, Corina was still not herself. She often forgot to feed the dog, was late for work on a regular basis, and had not yet taken his clothes out of the closet. Which of the following diagnoses could apply to Corina, according to the DSM-5? a. Adjustment disorder with depressed mood b. Persistent depressive disorder c. Postpartum depression 4 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. Major depressive disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Topic: The Prevalence of Mood Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 8. Which of the following statements exemplifies the research findings on unipolar depression? a. The occurrence of major depressive disorder has decreased in recent decades. b. Rates for major depression are equal among men and women. c. African Americans have higher rates of depression than European white Americans. d. Rates of unipolar depression are inversely related to socioeconomic status (SES). Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Topic: The Prevalence of Mood Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 9. Which of the following is a symptom of major depressive disorder? a. Checking and rechecking things b. Indecisiveness c. Running thoughts d. Impulsive spending Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Topic: Major Depressive Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 10. Brandy tells her therapist that she hasn’t been enjoying life lately. She says that for the past couple of months, she hasn’t felt like doing the things she used to love to do. She has also lost a lot of weight and sleeps much more than usual, but still she feels tired all the time. She says she can’t concentrate on anything. However, she denies feeling sad. Brandy’s most likely diagnosis is __________. a. dysthymic disorder b. bipolar II disorder c. major depressive disorder d. no disorder Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. 5 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Major Depressive Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 11. If left untreated, the average duration of depressive symptoms is approximately __________. a. two months b. six to nine months c. one year d. two years Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Topic: Major Depressive Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 12. Which of the following is a true statement about the recurrence of depressive symptoms? a. If a recurrence is not experienced within one year of an initial depressive episode, recurrence is highly unlikely. b. Almost half of all individuals diagnosed with major depression will exhibit a recurrence. c. Those with depression with psychotic features are less likely to experience a recurrence. d. Clients are usually asymptomatic between depressive episodes. Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Topic: Major Depressive Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 13. A rapid return of symptoms immediately after drug treatment is terminated is a common example of __________; a return to depressive symptoms after a period of spontaneous remission of symptoms is called a __________. a. melancholia; recurrence b. recurrence; relapse c. relapse; recurrence d. mood-congruent depression; mood-incongruent depression Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Topic: Major Depressive Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 6 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 14. Herbert awakens early in the morning, and feels more depressed in the morning than in the evening. He has lost all interest in activities and derives no pleasure from things that used to please him. Herbert has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder with __________ features. a. psychotic b. melancholic c. atypical d. catatonic Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Topic: Major Depressive Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 15. Diana has major depressive disorder. Most days, she feels very sad, but when her sister came and told her that she was going to be an aunt, Diana felt happy for a little while. She has been gaining weight and sleeping much of the day. Diana most likely has __________. a. melancholic features b. double depression c. atypical features d. psychotic features Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Topic: Major Depressive Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 16. Seasonal affective disorder is best described as a __________ depressive disorder. a. mood-congruent b. minor c. psychotic d. recurrent Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Topic: Major Depressive Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 17. How does persistent depressive disorder compare to major depressive disorder? 7 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. The symptoms are much more severe than in major depressive disorder. b. The symptoms change from day to day, with lots of days with normal functioning in between dysthymic episodes. c. There are many more symptoms required to meet persistent depressive disorder than to meet major depressive disorder. d. The symptoms are mild to moderate but last for much longer than in major depressive disorder. Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Topic: Persistent Depressive Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 18. Dante describes himself as hardly ever being happy. He occasionally feels okay, but it never lasts for more than a day or so. He has trouble sleeping, doesn’t eat much, and feels like nothing will ever change in his life. He says this has been going on for as long as he can remember. The best diagnosis for Dante is __________. a. cyclothymia b. persistent depressive disorder c. major depressive disorder d. bipolar II Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Topic: Persistent Depressive Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 19. Maggie has been suffering with persistent depressive disorder for several years and has sought treatment on several occasions. About a month ago, she developed more severe symptoms of depression, which have been maintained almost daily. The condition Maggie is experiencing is best described as __________. a. double depression b. chronic melancholia c. adjustment disorder with bipolar features d. recurring melancholic depression Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Topic: Persistent Depressive Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

20. Which of the following statements accurately describes how the bereavement exclusion is categorized in the DSM-5? a. In a controversial move, the bereavement exclusion was expanded. b. The criterion of depression due to bereavement remains the same as it was in the DSMIV-TR. c. In a controversial decision, the bereavement exclusion was removed completely. d. Depression due to bereavement was placed in the same category as job loss and divorce. Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Topic: Other Forms of Depression Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 21. Which of the following statements is supported by research on the role of genetic influences in unipolar disorder? a. The prevalence of mood disorders is two to three times higher among those with blood relatives who have clinically diagnosed unipolar depression. b. Twin studies do not consistently find evidence of an inherited susceptibility to depression. c. Genes play a more significant causal role in bipolar disorders than they do in unipolar disorders. d. Bipolar and unipolar disorders are equally heritable. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Biological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 22. Drugs that alter the availability of norepinephrine and serotonin are not clinically effective in the treatment of depression for several weeks. Which of the following does this finding suggest? a. These neurotransmitters are not involved in depression. b. It is overactivity of these neurotransmitters that underlies depression, not underactivity. c. The effectiveness of antidepressants is a placebo effect, as opposed to the result of a biochemical manipulation. d. Changes in neurotransmitter function, as opposed to neurotransmitter level, cause depression. Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Biological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 9 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

23. Many people who are depressed __________. a. show very little REM sleep, instead spending large amounts of time in the deeper stages of sleep (3 and 4) b. do not enter REM sleep until much later in the night than normal, and have less REM sleep throughout the night than normal c. enter REM sleep earlier than normal and have more REM sleep early in the night d. enter REM sleep at a normal time but have very slow and mild rapid eye movements, and have less overall time in REM sleep than normal Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Biological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 24. The fact that bright light may be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder suggests that __________. a. this is not a real form of depression, as any response to light is merely a placebo effect b. this form of depression is produced by a malfunctioning biological clock that needs resetting c. changes in circadian rhythms underlie most forms of depression d. seasonal affective disorder is a unique entity that should not be categorized with other forms of unipolar depression Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Biological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 25. Which of the following statements is true? a. Most first-time episodes of depression are preceded by a very stressful life event. b. Both first-time and recurrent episodes of depression are usually preceded by a very stressful life event. c. Even mildly stressful life events are associated with the onset of episodes of depression. d. Mildly stressful life events are only associated with the onset of first-time depression, not with recurrent episodes. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

26. Joan tends to blow up at people and then feel guilty. She worries a lot. She complains that she doesn’t really find anything exciting and that life is dull. Joan __________. a. shows evidence of neuroticism and low positive affectivity and has a high risk of developing depression b. shows evidence of neuroticism and has a moderate risk of developing depression c. shows evidence of introversion and has a mild risk of developing depression d. shows no evidence of any kind that would increase her risk for developing depression Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 27. Aaron Beck’s negative cognitive triad involves feeling negatively about __________. a. helplessness, hopelessness, and sorrow b. one’s self, one’s world, and one’s future c. one’s past, one’s present, and one’s future d. one’s family, one’s self, and one’s friends Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 28. Selective abstraction is __________. a. a tendency to think in extremes b. a tendency to jump to conclusions based on little or no evidence c. part of Beck’s cognitive triad d. a tendency to focus on one negative detail of a situation while ignoring other aspects Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 29. Donna receives her paper back from her instructor. It is marked with an A grade and has several positive comments. The instructor has also suggested Donna reword one small section. Donna becomes extremely upset and tells her friends that her instructor hated the paper and wants her to redo it. This is an example of __________. a. selective abstraction b. dichotomous thinking c. arbitrary inference 11 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. learned helplessness Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 30. No matter what prisoners do, they cannot escape. Eventually, they become passive and depressed. This illustrates the central idea in Seligman’s __________ model of depression. a. attribution b. depressogenic schema c. learned helplessness d. behavioral Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 31. Jared and Marc both flunk their calculus test. Jared says to his friends that there is no point in his continuing in the course because, although he is confident, he suspects that the teacher doesn’t like him. Marc says he is going to drop the course because he is just plain stupid in calculus and most math. According to the reformulated learned helplessness theory, __________. a. Marc is more likely to become depressed than Jared b. Marc is more likely to feel helpless than Jared c. Jared is more likely to become depressed than Marc d. Jared is more likely to feel helpless than Marc Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 32. Abramson revised the learned helplessness theory to suggest that __________. a. the worldview dimension of attributions is the most important to depression b. hopelessness is needed to produce depression; helplessness is not important c. the number of negative life events someone experiences is more important than his or her attributions for those events d. the pessimistic attributional style people have about negative events produces depression Answer: d 12 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 33. Which of the following is a true statement about rumination, according to Nolen-Hoeksema’s ruminative response styles theory? a. Rumination is a protective factor against depression. b. People who ruminate a great deal tend to have longer periods of depressive symptoms. c. Gender differences in depression are explained by ruminative styles. d. Biological factors have been most clearly linked to the development of rumination in those who do not have a family history of mood disorders. Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 34. What does global research reveal about the peak age for the emergence of sex differences in unipolar depression? a. Sex differences in depression emerge at age seventeen and peak in young adulthood. b. Sex differences in depression emerge at age twelve and peak during middle adolescence. c. There are relatively minor sex differences in unipolar depression between adolescent boys and girls. d. Compared to adolescent girls, adolescent boys tend to have higher rates of unipolar depression. Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 35. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between depression and marital distress? a. Critical and hostile comments trigger negative affect in the spouse. b. Women who are depressed avoid their partners. c. While in a manic episode an individual may be unaware of the nature of their behavior. d. The effects of paternal depression are more negatively impactful on the marriage than effects from maternal depression. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors 13 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 36. Bipolar disorder is to major depression as __________ is to __________. a. persistent depressive disorder; cyclothymia b. cyclothymia; persistent depressive disorder c. mania; hypomania d. hypomania; mania Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Topic: Cyclothymic Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 37. Lauren has periods of dejection and apathy that are not as severe as those seen in major depression. She also has periods when she abruptly becomes elated and has little need for sleep. Her symptoms never reach the level of psychosis, but the mood swings have been recurrent for over four years. The best diagnosis for Lauren is __________. a. schizoaffective disorder b. bipolar I disorder c. recurrent persistent depressive disorder d. cyclothymic disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Topic: Cyclothymic Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 38. Although bipolar I disorder is described as “bipolar,” __________. a. a major depressive episode is not necessary for a diagnosis b. few patients show both manic and depressed symptoms c. both depressed and manic symptoms typically occur simultaneously d. a year or two commonly passes between manic and depressed episodes Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Topic: Bipolar Disorders (I and II) Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

39. A diagnosis of bipolar I disorder indicates that the person has met the DSM-5 criteria for __________. a. an episode of mania b. an episode of mania or major depression c. an episode of hypomania and a major depression d. an episode of mania and psychosis Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Topic: Bipolar Disorders (I and II) Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 40. Amy has had several periods of extremely “up” moods. They last for a couple of weeks, and she has gotten into trouble several times. During these periods, she doesn’t sleep, spends way too much money, gets involved in bad business decisions, talks quickly and thinks even more quickly, and believes she can do anything. The best diagnosis for Amy is __________. a. manic disorder b. bipolar II disorder c. bipolar I disorder d. cyclothymic disorder Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Topic: Bipolar Disorders (I and II) Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 41. A diagnosis of bipolar II disorder indicates that the person has experienced __________. a. an episode of mania b. an episode of mania or major depression c. an episode of hypomania and an episode of major depression d. an episode of mania and an episode of major depression Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Topic: Bipolar Disorders (I and II) Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 42. Coleen goes to therapy because she is feeling sad. She often has periods of extreme sadness, and they typically last from six to eight months. During these times, she overeats, has trouble sleeping, feels exhausted all the time, and thinks a lot about dying. At other times, however, 15 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Coleen says she feels wonderful. During these periods, which last about a week, she gets a lot done, feels as if she can do anything, talks a lot and quickly, and doesn’t sleep, or feel tired. She says her “up” times are great and have never caused her any trouble. Coleen’s most likely diagnosis is __________. a. major depressive disorder b. persistent depressive disorder c. bipolar I d. bipolar II Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Topic: Bipolar Disorders (I and II) Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 43. Which of the following is a true statement about rapid cycling in bipolar disorders? a. It is seen in men more than women. b. It occurs only in those with bipolar II disorder. c. Lithium may trigger a cycling episode. d. It is temporary and gradually disappears within two years. Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Topic: Bipolar Disorders (I and II) Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 44. Which of the following statements best exemplifies recent research on the genetic etiology of bipolar and other disorders? a. Schizophrenia is more common in those with bipolar I than those with bipolar II. b. The genetic risks for bipolar I and bipolar II reveal very few similarities. c. Genes account for 50 percent of the variance in the development of bipolar I disorder. d. Relatives of a person with unipolar major depression are at greater risk for bipolar disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. Topic: Biological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 45. Which of the following neurochemical profiles has been associated with manic episodes? a. High serotonin, high norepinephrine, and high dopamine 16 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. Low serotonin, high norepinephrine, and high dopamine c. Low serotonin, low norepinephrine, and high dopamine d. Low serotonin, high norepinephrine, and low dopamine Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. Topic: Biological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 46. Rico has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The most effective drug for him is __________. a. one that will increase his dopamine levels b. one that will counteract the effect of sodium in his nerve cells c. one with both antimanic and antidepressant effects, such as lithium d. dexamethasone, a cortisol depressor Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. Topic: Biological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 47. Which of the following is a hormonal abnormality associated with both bipolar disorder and unipolar depression? a. Decreased thyroid hormone levels b. Increased thyroid hormone levels c. Decreased cortisol levels d. Increased cortisol levels Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. Topic: Biological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 48. Stressful life events __________. a. do not trigger manic episodes b. appear to increase the likelihood of ever developing bipolar disorder, as well as the likelihood of recurrences 17 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. do not generally precipitate an initial manic episode, but tend to play more of a role over time d. play no role in the development or progression of bipolar II disorder Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 49. Recent research on relapse among bipolar patients suggests that __________. a. stressful life events have very little influence b. personality traits and cognitive styles interact with stress to increase the likelihood of relapse c. relapse is most likely among those with unrealistically positive attributional styles d. the more frequently a person has bipolar episodes, the less likely it is that stressful events will be able to induce a relapse Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 50. Which of the following might explain why rates of depression are low in China and Japan? a. Mental illnesses are not stigmatized, thus those who are depressed receive much social support and do not seek treatment. b. The heavy emphasis on the individual decreases the likelihood of blaming the self for failure. c. Symptoms of depression tend to be described in terms of physical problems rather than in psychological terms. d. Both positive and negative emotional extremes are rare in China and Japan. Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. Topic: Cross-Cultural Differences in Depressive Symptoms Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 51. The WHO World Mental Health Survey revealed that __________. a. the prevalence of mood disorders in countries around the world varies from .8 percent to 9.6 percent. 18 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. the prevalence of mood disorders is about the same from one country to the next. c. the prevalence of mood disorders in countries around the world varies from 0 percent to 50 percent. d. the United States has the lowest prevalence of mood disorders among all countries. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. Topic: Cross-Cultural Differences in Prevalence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 52. Jillian’s marriage has suffered ever since the birth of her second child. Since the birth, she has been depressed and has had little interest in intimacy with her husband. Jillian feels unattractive with the additional baby weight and has been rejecting her husband’s advances. After Jillian discussed her feelings with Dr. Toran, he decided to prescribe her an antidepressant. Considering the problems she has been having in her marriage, which of the following is Dr. Toran most likely to prescribe? a. Imipramine b. Prozac c. Bupropion d. Venlafaxine Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Topic: Pharmacotherapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 53. Quinn is severely depressed and presents an immediate and serious suicide risk. In the past, he has not responded to tricyclics. A wise course of action is to treat him with __________. a. Prozac, because it can reduce symptoms in twelve to twenty-four hours b. electroconvulsive therapy, because it can rapidly reduce symptoms c. lithium, because suicide is almost always accompanied by manic episodes d. anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine and valproate, because they can prevent future depressions Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Topic: Alternative Biological Treatments Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 19 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

54. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a __________. a. biological test for altered brain waves in bipolar disorder b. noninvasive biological test for changes in brain function in depression c. noninvasive biological treatment for manic episodes d. noninvasive biological treatment for depression Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Topic: Alternative Biological Treatments Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 55. Nadine has been depressed for several months. She is considering cognitive-behavioral therapy. What advice would you give her? a. “Cognitive-behavioral therapy is much less effective than interpersonal therapy and takes much longer, too.” b. “Many studies have shown the usefulness of cognitive-behaviorial therapy, and it seems to prevent relapse and recurrence.” c. “Drug treatment is much more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy and has less likelihood of relapse.” d. “The only way that cognitive-behavioral therapy is of any value is if it is coupled with family therapy.” Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Topic: Psychotherapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 56. Dylan’s treatment for depression included training in meditation techniques that helped her to become aware of her unwanted negative thoughts and to accept them as just thoughts. She was undergoing __________. a. mindfulness-based cognitive therapy b. psychodynamic therapy c. behavioral activation therapy d. transcranial magnetic stimulation Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Topic: Psychotherapy Difficulty Level: Moderate 20 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 57. One factor that is especially likely to produce depression relapse is __________. a. family members ignoring the depressed behavior expressed by the depressed individual b. excessive attention from family members c. family members discussing the depressed individual’s negative thoughts and feelings with him or her d. behavior by a spouse that can be interpreted as criticism Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Topic: Psychotherapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 58. Which of the following is a true statement about the risk of suicide? a. Depressed people are no more likely to commit suicide than nondepressed people. b. The risk of suicide is greatest at the lowest point in a depression. c. The risk of transitioning from suicidal thoughts to suicide attempt is highest in the first year after onset of suicidal thinking. d. Suicide is most likely when a person in a manic episode is getting “high.” Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Topic: Suicide: The Clinical Picture and the Causal Pattern Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 59. The rate of suicide deaths peaks during which part of the lifespan, before leveling off? a. Ages 11–19 b. Ages 26–32 c. Ages 45–55 d. Ages 65–80 Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Topic: Who Attempts and Dies by Suicide? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 60. The majority of individuals who attempt suicide are __________; the majority of those who complete suicide are __________. 21 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. women and people between the age of 18 and 24; men and people over age 65 b. men and people over age 65; women and people between the age of 18 and 24 c. adolescents; the elderly d. the elderly; adolescents Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Topic: Who Attempts and Dies by Suicide? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 61. Which of the following individuals is statistically most likely to attempt suicide? a. A 78-year-old single white man from Wyoming with chronic back pain b. A 55-year-old African American woman from Maryland who has lost her job c. A 22-year-old Inuit woman who has just had a baby d. A 10-year-old boy from New York who has received a poor report card. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Topic: Who Attempts and Dies by Suicide? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 62. Marian is severely depressed and wants to commit suicide. She feels guilty about the harm she may inflict on her mother because both her father and her mother’s sister committed suicide. Which of the following statements describes the influence of familial suicides on Marian’s suicidal ideation? a. Marian’s desire to commit suicide is independent of any suicides in her family’s past. b. Evidence points to the correlation between familial suicide and Marian’s increased risk for suicide. c. Research suggests that there is no correlation between risk for suicide and history of familial suicide. d. Marian is ten times more likely to commit suicide than someone from a family with no suicides. Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Topic: Biological Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 63. What is the primary objective of crisis intervention? a. To help people work on their problems over the long term 22 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. To help people work on their problems with their family c. To help people work on their most pressing problem d. To integrate people’s spouses into long-term therapy Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. Topic: Crisis Intervention Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 64. Which of the following statements about suicide hotlines in the United States is most true? a. There has been a steady decrease in the number available since the 1960s. b. There are millions available. c. They have not been shown to have much impact on suicide rates. d. They boast a near 100 percent success rate. Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. Topic: Crisis Intervention Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 65. What was Dr. Jack Kevorkian known for? a. Lowering the risk of suicide in terminally ill people b. Making it possible for more than 130 gravely ill people to commit suicide c. Developing suicide hotlines across the United States d. Increasing the number of drugs available to treat people contemplating suicide Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. Topic: Focus on High-Risk Groups and Other Measures Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. SHORT ANSWER 66. What type of psychotic symptoms might be seen in someone suffering from major depressive disorder? Answer: The presence of psychotic symptoms indicates that a break with reality has occurred and involves hallucinations and/or delusions. The psychotic symptoms seen in depression are mood-congruent and are symptoms consistent with being depressed, such as themes of 23 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

personal inadequacy, guilt, deserved punishment, and death The depressed individual, for example, might believe that their internal organs have totally deteriorated. Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Topic: Major Depressive Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 67. What are the four phases of the grieving process? Answer: The normal response to the loss of a spouse or close family member begins with a numbing and disbelief. This is followed by a yearning for the person that may possibly last for months. Eventually, despair is seen, and then finally, some adaptation and reorganization, such that life can continue without the departed loved one. Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Topic: Other Forms of Depression Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 68. What are the key brain regions and subsequent changes in activity implicated in mood disorders? Answer: Damage to the left anterior prefrontal cortex, decreased volume in the orbital prefrontal cortex, lower levels of activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, decreased volume in the hippocampus, both decreased volume and abnormally low levels of activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, and increased activation in the amygdala. Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Biological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 69. What are independent and dependent life events? What is their importance? Answer: Independent life events are stressful events that are not a result of a person’s behavior or character. Dependent life events are, at least partly, influenced by a person’s behavior or character. Dependent events are especially important in the onset of major depression. Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

70. Describe the hopelessness theory of depression. Answer: Having a pessimistic attributional style, along with negative life events, is not enough to produce depression. A state of hopelessness is needed as well. Hopelessness expectancy is the perception that one has no control over a situation that is about to occur, as well as an absolute belief that what is going to happen is going to be bad. Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 71. What is the difference between bipolar I and bipolar II disorder? Answer: A diagnosis of bipolar I is made when there has been a manic episode. This diagnosis is made with or without the occurrence of a bout of major depression. In bipolar II, there is at least one episode of major depression and a hypomanic episode. If the individual with bipolar II exhibits a manic episode, a diagnosis of bipolar I is warranted. Learning Objective: 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Topic: Bipolar Disorders (I and II) Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 72. In what way do the symptoms of depression in Western and non-Western societies differ? Answer: While the Western constellation of depressive symptoms is primarily psychological, in many cultures the symptoms tend to be more somatic. In those cultures in which there is great stigma associated with mental illness and/or a lack of emotional expressiveness, depression may manifest itself in symptoms such as weight loss, sleep disturbances, and sexual dysfunction. In addition, the feelings of guilt and worthlessness that characterize depression in individualistic cultures may not be seen in more communal cultures. Learning Objective: 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. Topic: Cross-Cultural Differences in Depressive Symptoms Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 73. Discuss the risk factors for adolescent suicide. Answer: Mood disorders, conduct disorder problems, and substance abuse all increase the risk of both nonfatal and fatal suicide attempts. If the adolescent has two or more of these risk factors, the risk for completion of suicide is extremely high. Increased availability and access to firearms, exposure to celebrity suicide, and social contagions are recognized as more recent risk factors. Antidepressant medications slightly increase the risk as well. 25 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Topic: Who Attempts and Dies by Suicide? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 74. What are the warning signs for student suicide in college or university? Answer: Marked change in mood and behavior, especially withdrawal; decline in self-esteem; not taking care of personal hygiene; uncharacteristically impulsive behaviors; not attending classes. Many students communicate their impulses. Often the behavior is a reaction to the break-up of a romance. Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Topic: Who Attempts and Dies by Suicide? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. ESSAY 75. Characterize the two main forms of mood disorder. Answer: The two main forms of mood disorder are unipolar, in which a person only experiences depression, and bipolar, in which a person has mood swings that range from hypomania or mania to depression. A person with bipolar disorder, however, may not exhibit any depression. The mood disorders are differentiated in terms of severity—the number of areas of life that are impaired, and the degree and duration of impairment—and whether the disorder is acute, chronic, or intermittent. In addition, each type of mood disorder is further divided into multiple subtypes. GRADING RUBRIC: 8 points total, 4 points for correct identification, 2 points each for 2 aspects of how they are classified. Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 76. Discuss Beck’s cognitive theory of depression. Answer: Beck’s theory is that thinking precedes and causes depression. First, people hold dysfunctional beliefs that predispose them to depression. These are rigid, extreme, and unhelpful beliefs about the world. They create automatic, negative thoughts that center around the cognitive triad—the self, the world, and the future. Negative beliefs and feelings about the triad are maintained by cognitive errors such as all-or-none reasoning and arbitrary inference. This theory has been well supported as an explanation for many aspects of 26 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

depression, but evidence confirming it as a cause of depression is mixed. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points. Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 77. Distinguish between cyclothymic disorder, bipolar I disorder, and bipolar II disorder. How are these disorders alike and how are they different? Answer: Cyclothymia is best described as a less severe, yet chronic, version of bipolar disorder. While the individual with bipolar I disorder exhibits a full manic state, the individual with cyclothymia exhibits hypomania. People with bipolar II have full major depressive episodes, people with cyclothymia have depressive symptoms but not full episodes. In cyclothymia, the lows and highs do not rise to the level that is needed for a diagnosis of a major depressive episode or a manic episode, respectively. The disorders differ in that there need not be any depressive symptoms in bipolar I disorder, although this is usually the case, as pure mania is rare. Only bipolar I involves manic episodes. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 2 points each for descriptions of disorders, 2 points for noting the differences in severity, 2 points for noting the major differences. Learning Objective: 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Topic: Bipolar Disorders (I and II) Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module Quiz 7.1: Mood Disorders: An Overview EOM Q7.1.1 People diagnosed with mania would be most accurately described as experiencing periods of __________. a) excitement and euphoria b) extraordinary sadness and dejection Consider This: These are intense positive feelings. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. c) misinterpretation of body signals Consider This: These are intense positive feelings. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. d) delusions and hallucinations Consider This: These are intense positive feelings. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Module: Mood Disorders: An Overview Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q7.1.2 What is the defining characteristic of a mixed-episode case of a mood disorder? a) experiencing rapidly alternating moods, such as sadness and euphoria, all within one episode of the illness b) going back and forth between depressive and manic periods with no more than 2 years in between Consider This: Mixed-episode cases involve more than one "category" of mood-related symptoms occurring within a very short time period. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. c) having at least one depressive episode and one manic episode within the same 12-month period Consider This: Mixed-episode cases involve more than one "category" of mood-related symptoms occurring within a very short time period. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. d) experiencing both mood-related symptoms and psychotic symptoms at the same time Consider This: Mixed-episode cases involve more than one "category" of mood-related symptoms occurring within a very short time period. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. 28 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Module: Mood Disorders: An Overview Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q7.1.3 The minimum required duration of symptoms for a depressive episode is __________ and the minimum required duration of symptoms for a manic episode is __________. a) 2 weeks; 1 week b) 3 months; 6 weeks Consider This: A manic episode can be diagnosed in less time than a depressive episode. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. c) 2 weeks; 1 month Consider This: A manic episode can be diagnosed in less time than a depressive episode. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. d) 1 month; 6 months Consider This: A manic episode can be diagnosed in less time than a depressive episode. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Module: Mood Disorders: An Overview Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q7.1.4 A person who suffers from a less-severe form of mania that lasts for a minimum of 4 days might be described as experiencing __________. It is typically less disruptive of a person's life than a full episode of mania. a) hypomania b) cyclothymia Consider This: Think of the correct answer as indicating symptoms that are "less than" full mania. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. c) attenuated mania Consider This: Think of the correct answer as indicating symptoms that are "less than" full mania. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. d) persistent mania Consider This: Think of the correct answer as indicating symptoms that are "less than" full mania. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Module: Mood Disorders: An Overview Skill Level: Understand 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q7.1.5 Which of the following is the most reasonable sociocultural explanation for the increased incidence of major depressive disorder in people from lower socioeconomic statuses? a) Low SES leads to greater levels of adversity and life stress. b) Low SES is correlated with greater levels of prenatal exposure to teratogens. Consider This: What do you think are the most obvious challenges of being in a low SES environment? 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. c) There is a strong relationship between genetic and chromosomal mutations and being in a low SES. Consider This: What do you think are the most obvious challenges of being in a low SES environment? 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. d) A low SES leads to greater body dissatisfaction, which is associated with higher levels of depression. Consider This: What do you think are the most obvious challenges of being in a low SES environment? 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Module: Mood Disorders: An Overview Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 7.2: Unipolar Depressive Disorders EOM Q7.2.1 Marcella has been feeling depressed and down for most of the day, nearly every day, over the past 2 months. In addition to this low mood, she reports not being interested in doing anything, including watching baseball even though her favorite soccer team made it to the World Cup. She also reports getting little to no sleep, not feeling hungry, having difficulty making decisions, and irrational guilt. Which of the following would preclude Marcella from qualifying for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder? a) having experienced a hypomanic episode in the past b) being under 18 years of age Consider This: What distinguishes unipolar from bipolar-related disorders? 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. c) having a diagnosis of specific phobia Consider This: What distinguishes unipolar from bipolar-related disorders? 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. d) having had a previous episode of depression Consider This: What distinguishes unipolar from bipolar-related disorders? 7.2 Distinguish 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

between the different types of depressive disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Module: Unipolar Depressive Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q7.2.2 What is the relationship between the experience of depressive symptoms and significant levels of anxiety? a) There is a very high level of comorbidity between depressive and anxiety disorders. b) The DSM-5 states that anxiety disorders and depressive disorders cannot be concurrently diagnosed. Consider This: Do you think that being very worried about your troubles might lead you to get depressed about them? 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. c) Depression has been found to preclude anxiety disorders in a vast majority of cases. Consider This: Do you think that being very worried about your troubles might lead you to get depressed about them? 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. d) Despite common misconception, there appears to be almost no correlation between depressive and anxiety symptoms. Consider This: Do you think that being very worried about your troubles might lead you to get depressed about them? 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Module: Unipolar Depressive Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q7.2.3 How might one most aptly distinguish between a relapse and a recurrence of depressive symptoms? a) A relapse is a re-emergence of previous symptoms; a recurrence is the emergence of a new episode of depression. b) A relapse is the appearance of exactly the same symptoms; a recurrence occurs when depressive symptoms change into bipolar symptoms. Consider This: Think about the time periods that might distinguish a relapse and a recurrence of depression symptoms. 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. c) A recurrence is the appearance of exactly the same symptoms; a relapse occurs when depressive symptoms change into bipolar symptoms. Consider This: Think about the time periods that might distinguish a relapse and a recurrence of depression symptoms. 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. d) A recurrence is a re-emergence of previous symptoms; a relapse is the emergence of a new episode of depression. Consider This: Think about the time periods that might distinguish a relapse and a recurrence of depression symptoms. 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Answer: a 31 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Module: Unipolar Depressive Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q7.2.4 According to research presented in this module, somewhere between __________ and __________ percent of adolescents experience either major depressive disorder or subclinical levels of depression at some point. a) 25; 40 b) 10; 20 Consider This: It is stunning to think that as many as a quarter of all adolescents are dealing with some level of depressive symptoms. 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. c) 8; 24 Consider This: It is stunning to think that as many as a quarter of all adolescents are dealing with some level of depressive symptoms. 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. d) 40; 65 Consider This: It is stunning to think that as many as a quarter of all adolescents are dealing with some level of depressive symptoms. 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Module: Unipolar Depressive Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q7.2.5 Marcellus has been struggling with the symptoms of a major depressive episode for quite some time. Dr. Ting, his therapist, notes that Marcellus meets the criteria for a major depressive episode and, in addition, seems to have lost interest or pleasure in almost all activities, even recently turning down a chance to go to a concert of his favorite musician for no discernable reason. The diagnosis of major depressive disorder would probably best include the specifier of "__________." a) with melancholic features b) with psychotic indicators Consider This: The key to this answer is a word that indicates excessive sadness or sullenness. 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. c) with atypical onset Consider This: The key to this answer is a word that indicates excessive sadness or sullenness. 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. d) with seasonal pattern Consider This: The key to this answer is a word that indicates excessive sadness or sullenness. 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Answer: a 32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Module: Unipolar Depressive Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 7.3: Causal Factors in Unipolar Mood Disorders EOM Q7.3.1 According to twin studies, monozygotic twins who have a co-twin with major depressive disorder are about __________ as likely as dizygotic twins to develop depression. a) twice b) three times Consider This: Bear in mind that monozygotic twins share all of their genetic code, while dizygotic twins share half of that code. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. c) one-half Consider This: Bear in mind that monozygotic twins share all of their genetic code, while dizygotic twins share half of that code. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. d) four times Consider This: Bear in mind that monozygotic twins share all of their genetic code, while dizygotic twins share half of that code. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Module: Causal Factors in Unipolar Mood Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q7.3.2 Levinia has been going through very difficult times lately, with both an increase in life stressors and the emergence of depressive symptoms. If her physician were to take a sample of blood from her, it is likely that she would find elevated levels of which stress hormone? a) cortisol b) luteinizing hormone Consider This: The hormone in question is released as a part of the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) pathway. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. c) oxytocin Consider This: The hormone in question is released as a part of the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) pathway. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. d) melatonin Consider This: The hormone in question is released as a part of the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) pathway. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Module: Causal Factors in Unipolar Mood Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q7.3.3 Why is seasonal affective disorder much more common in the fall and winter months than in spring and summer? a) Those seasons provide a reduction in the amount of available light. b) Fall and winter months include reduced ambient temperatures, which cause a reduction in specific neurotransmitters. Consider This: Sunrise tends to be later during these months. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. c) Those months are associated with a statistically significant increase in negative life events. Consider This: Sunrise tends to be later during these months. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. d) People do not usually go on vacation or have fun parties during the fall and winter months, which can lead to a reduction in overall happiness. Consider This: Sunrise tends to be later during these months. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Module: Causal Factors in Unipolar Mood Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q7.3.4 In a single word, what did Sigmund Freud feel was at the root of most people's symptoms of depression? a) loss b) sex Consider This: Freud and others felt that the death of a loved one could lead to a regression to the oral stage of development and introduction of feelings toward that individual. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. c) conflict Consider This: Freud and others felt that the death of a loved one could lead to a regression to the oral stage of development and introduction of feelings toward that individual. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. d) dreams Consider This: Freud and others felt that the death of a loved one could lead to a regression to the oral stage of development and introduction of feelings toward that individual. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Module: Causal Factors in Unipolar Mood Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy 34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q7.3.5 Which researcher was the first to propose the idea of learned helplessness as being a significant contributing factor to the symptoms of a major depressive episode? a) Martin Seligman b) Aaron T. Beck Consider This: This theory was formulated as a result of laboratory research that studied dogs that were unable to avoid receiving an electric shock. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. c) Sigmund Freud Consider This: This theory was formulated as a result of laboratory research that studied dogs that were unable to avoid receiving an electric shock. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. d) Albert Ellis Consider This: This theory was formulated as a result of laboratory research that studied dogs that were unable to avoid receiving an electric shock. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Module: Causal Factors in Unipolar Mood Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 7.4: Bipolar and Related Disorders EOM Q7.4.1 __________ disorder is marked by repeated experiences of hypomanic symptoms for a period of at least __________. a) Cyclothymic; 2 years b) Bipolar I; 6 months Consider This: This condition lacks the extreme mood and behavior changes, psychotic features, and marked impairment often associated with a full manic episode. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. c) Bipolar IV; 1 year Consider This: This condition lacks the extreme mood and behavior changes, psychotic features, and marked impairment often associated with a full manic episode. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. d) Persistent depressive; 1 month Consider This: This condition lacks the extreme mood and behavior changes, psychotic features, and marked impairment often associated with a full manic episode. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Module: Bipolar and Related Disorders Skill Level: Remember 35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q7.4.2 Why is a person who demonstrates symptoms of mania without any history of depression still given a diagnosis of bipolar disorder? a) It is assumed that either they have had undiagnosed depressive symptoms or that such symptoms will occur in the future. b) The treatment of unipolar mania is extremely costly and lasts years, so insurance companies are only willing to pay for a shorter-term treatment of bipolar disorder. Consider This: The names "bipolar disorder" and "manic depressive disorder" are used to describe the condition experienced by those with mania. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. c) Since there are no medications that treat manic symptoms and such patients are treated with antidepressant drugs, bipolar disorder is the more appropriate diagnosis. Consider This: The names "bipolar disorder" and "manic depressive disorder" are used to describe the condition experienced by those with mania. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. d) Because a "mania only" disorder is considered much more socially stigmatizing, and so bipolar disorder is diagnosed to help a client feel less ostracized. Consider This: The names "bipolar disorder" and "manic depressive disorder" are used to describe the condition experienced by those with mania. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Module: Bipolar and Related Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q7.4.3 Which of the following individuals exhibits symptoms that are consistent with a diagnosis of bipolar II? a) Zenia alternates between hypomanic and major depressive episodes. b) Yolanda goes through manic episodes but has never had a depressive period. Consider This: The distinguishing diagnostic feature of bipolar II reflects the presence of or intensity of hypomania or mania. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. c) Wilma has experienced very minor depressive symptoms (not enough to be diagnosed as a major depressive episode) combined with manic symptoms. Consider This: The distinguishing diagnostic feature of bipolar II reflects the presence of or intensity of hypomania or mania. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. d) Veronica has been diagnosed with bipolar I disorder in the past but now is only experiencing depressive symptoms. Consider This: The distinguishing diagnostic feature of bipolar II reflects the presence of or intensity of hypomania or mania. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. 36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Module: Bipolar and Related Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q7.4.4 In order for a person with bipolar disorder to be described as having a rapid cycling pattern, he or she would have to have at least __________ episodes of manic or depressive cycles in a given year. a) 4 b) 52 Consider This: Despite this criterion, many people with this pattern of the condition go through many more such episodes over the length of a year. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. c) 8 Consider This: Despite this criterion, many people with this pattern of the condition go through many more such episodes over the length of a year. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. d) 10 Consider This: Despite this criterion, many people with this pattern of the condition go through many more such episodes over the length of a year. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Module: Bipolar and Related Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q7.4.5 Which of the following best describes the likely long-term course of bipolar disorder? a) Most people with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder experience a relapse of symptoms, with depressive symptoms being the most likely to recur. b) Most people with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder experience full recovery within 2 months, regardless of treatment. Consider This: One review estimates that patients with bipolar disorder spend about 20 percent of their lives in episodes. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. c) Most people with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder experience full recovery within 2 years once they receive effective treatment (e.g., mood-stabilizing medications). Consider This: One review estimates that patients with bipolar disorder spend about 20 percent of their lives in episodes. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. d) Most people with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder experience a relapse of symptoms, with psychotic symptoms being the most likely to recur. Consider This: One review estimates that patients with bipolar disorder spend about 20 percent of their lives in episodes. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Answer: a 37 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Module: Bipolar and Related Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 7.5: Causal Factors in Bipolar Disorders EOM Q7.5.1 The average concordance rate for bipolar disorder is about __________ percent for monozygotic twins, compared to __________ percent for dizygotic twins. a) 60; 12 b) 5; 25 Consider This: Remember what the influence of having twice as many shared genes would be on illness concordance rates. 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. c) 15; 75 Consider This: Remember what the influence of having twice as many shared genes would be on illness concordance rates. 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. d) 90; 60 Consider This: Remember what the influence of having twice as many shared genes would be on illness concordance rates. 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. Module: Causal Factors in Bipolar Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q7.5.2 Several different neurotransmitters seem to be involved in the regulation of mood states in human beings. They include all but which of the following? a) acetylcholine b) dopamine Consider This: The correct answer is often implicated in the maintenance or loss of memory functions and has been focused on in research examining Alzheimer's disease. 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. c) serotonin Consider This: The correct answer is often implicated in the maintenance or loss of memory functions and has been focused on in research examining Alzheimer's disease. 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. d) norepinephrine Consider This: The correct answer is often implicated in the maintenance or loss of memory functions and has been focused on in research examining Alzheimer's disease. 7.5 Describe the 38 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. Module: Causal Factors in Bipolar Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q7.5.3 Henry suffers from bipolar disorder and experiences one or two manic episodes in a given year, more when he is not taking his medication. Between episodes, which of the following symptoms is he most likely to experience? a) substantial sleep difficulties b) unwanted weight gain and loss in a "yo-yo" cycle Consider This: Disruptions of this physical function are noted (often in opposite patterns) in both manic and depressive episodes. 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. c) skin irritations that lead to painful rashes and eczema Consider This: Disruptions of this physical function are noted (often in opposite patterns) in both manic and depressive episodes. 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. d) thinning hair and brittle finger- and toenails Consider This: Disruptions of this physical function are noted (often in opposite patterns) in both manic and depressive episodes. 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. Module: Causal Factors in Bipolar Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 7.6: Sociocultural Factors Affecting Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders EOM Q7.6.1 Lao lives in China, where he has resided with his family for his entire life. Recently, he has begun experiencing symptoms of depression. Which symptom would he most likely demonstrate, given the cultural influences of his surroundings? a) loss of sexual interest b) feelings of worthlessness Consider This: Remember that people in non-Western cultures often display more "physical" symptoms when dealing with depressive issues. 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. c) an overwhelming sense of guilt Consider This: Remember that people in non-Western cultures often display more "physical" 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

symptoms when dealing with depressive issues. 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. d) a desire to isolate himself socially Consider This: Remember that people in non-Western cultures often display more "physical" symptoms when dealing with depressive issues. 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. Module: Sociocultural Factors Affecting Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q7.6.2 In the 2004 World Mental Health Study conducted by the World Health Organization, the prevalence and characteristics of psychological disorders were examined in 20 different countries. The 12-month prevalence rate of depression was found to be lowest in __________. a) Nigeria b) Australia Consider This: It is important to remember that cultural mores regarding the reporting of symptoms may explain these results more than actual prevalence of the disorders. 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. c) the United States Consider This: It is important to remember that cultural mores regarding the reporting of symptoms may explain these results more than actual prevalence of the disorders. 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. d) Canada Consider This: It is important to remember that cultural mores regarding the reporting of symptoms may explain these results more than actual prevalence of the disorders. 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. Module: Sociocultural Factors Affecting Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q7.6.3 Jarli is a young Australian Aboriginal man who lives in a native community in the Northern Territory of Australia. If Jarli were clinically depressed, what types of behaviors would he likely exhibit? a) Venting of hostilities onto others might be observed. b) He would engage in suicidal thoughts. Consider This: People in Western cultures tend to exhibit more emotional and internalized symptoms when depressed, whereas those in other cultures sometimes show more physical (or even externalizing) symptoms. 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

mood disorders. c) A tendency to engage in self-abnegation is likely. Consider This: People in Western cultures tend to exhibit more emotional and internalized symptoms when depressed, whereas those in other cultures sometimes show more physical (or even externalizing) symptoms. 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. d) Expressing guilt over past behaviors would most likely be observed. Consider This: People in Western cultures tend to exhibit more emotional and internalized symptoms when depressed, whereas those in other cultures sometimes show more physical (or even externalizing) symptoms. 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. Module: Sociocultural Factors Affecting Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 7.7: Treatments and Outcomes EOM Q7.7.1 Which of the following people has the least likelihood of receiving some sort of treatment? a) Ulie, who has been diagnosed with a mild to moderate case of major depressive disorder b) Richard, who suffers from very severe major depressive disorder Consider This: Remember that the severity of one's symptoms often contributes to their willingness to seek help. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. c) Steven, who has dealt with serious bipolar I disorder for years Consider This: Remember that the severity of one's symptoms often contributes to their willingness to seek help. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. d) Tremaine, who was first diagnosed with bipolar II disorder at age 23 and still fights serious symptoms of the illness at age 40 Consider This: Remember that the severity of one's symptoms often contributes to their willingness to seek help. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Module: Treatments and Outcomes Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q7.7.2 Why might a physician be somewhat unwilling to give a person with major depressive disorder a 41 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

prescription for tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) as the first pharmaceutical approach to addressing their symptoms? a) These drugs are more dangerous than other antidepressants and can be used for fatal suicide attempts. b) While TCAs were the first type of antidepressant thought to be effective, it is now known that they help only about 5 percent of those who take them. Consider This: These medications can be toxic in large doses. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. c) The side effects of TCAs can include severe muscular tics and tremors that, if allowed to continue, can become permanent. Consider This: These medications can be toxic in large doses. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. d) A rare but potential fatal blood disease called aplastic anemia can develop as a result of taking even a slight excess of this type of medication. Consider This: These medications can be toxic in large doses. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Module: Treatments and Outcomes Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q7.7.3 Generally speaking, a person who has just started taking antidepressants should not expect to experience a significant reduction in depressive symptoms for about __________. a) 3 to 5 weeks b) 7 to 10 days Consider This: If no improvement has been noted after 6 weeks, most physicians will consider trying a different antidepressant drug. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. c) 4 to 6 months Consider This: If no improvement has been noted after 6 weeks, most physicians will consider trying a different antidepressant drug. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. d) 2 to 3 years Consider This: If no improvement has been noted after 6 weeks, most physicians will consider trying a different antidepressant drug. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Module: Treatments and Outcomes Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q7.7.4 Which of the following describes a benefit offered by transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of mood disorders? a) The treatment does not cause any deficit in cognitive performance or memory skills like those that occur with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). b) It is the first non-pharmaceutical treatment that is effective for bipolar disorder. Consider This: The noninvasive nature of this technique, which does not induce a seizure in the brain, may explain this advantage. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. c) While it cannot be used with children and adolescents, it is only slightly less effective than electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for adults. Consider This: The noninvasive nature of this technique, which does not induce a seizure in the brain, may explain this advantage. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. d) The treatment is far more painful than electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and also more painful than the use of antidepressant medications. Consider This: The noninvasive nature of this technique, which does not induce a seizure in the brain, may explain this advantage. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Module: Treatments and Outcomes Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q7.7.5 What type of therapy aimed at the treatment of depression involves meditation techniques that emphasize patients' awareness of unwanted thoughts, feelings, and sensations? a) mindfulness-based cognitive therapy b) rational emotive behavioral therapy Consider This: Rather than focusing on avoidance of these experiences, this type of therapy encourages people to recognize them as momentary thoughts rather than a reflection of reality. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. c) directive Gestalt therapy Consider This: Rather than focusing on avoidance of these experiences, this type of therapy encourages people to recognize them as momentary thoughts rather than a reflection of reality. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. d) in-vivo exposure therapy Consider This: Rather than focusing on avoidance of these experiences, this type of therapy encourages people to recognize them as momentary thoughts rather than a reflection of reality. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Module: Treatments and Outcomes 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 7.8: Suicide: The Clinical Picture and the Causal Pattern EOM Q7.8.1 The disorder that is most prevalent among those who die by suicide is __________. a) depression b) bipolar disorder Consider This: Suicide attempts most often are made when people are alone and in a state of severe psychological distress and anguish, unable to see their problems objectively or to evaluate alternative courses of action. 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. c) schizophrenia Consider This: Suicide attempts most often are made when people are alone and in a state of severe psychological distress and anguish, unable to see their problems objectively or to evaluate alternative courses of action. 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. d) anorexia nervosa Consider This: Suicide attempts most often are made when people are alone and in a state of severe psychological distress and anguish, unable to see their problems objectively or to evaluate alternative courses of action. 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Module: Suicide: The Clinical Picture and Causal Pattern Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q7.8.2 Angelina, age 12, sits several times a week in a locked bathroom in her home and uses a razor blade to cut the inside of her thighs. The practice is painful to her, but she experiences that pain as a positive sensation rather than a negative one. Angelina's behavior would be classified as __________. a) nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) b) suicide attempts Consider This: This refers to direct, deliberate destruction of body tissue (often taking the form of cutting or burning one's own skin) in the absence of any intent to die. 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. c) nonlethal suicide attempts Consider This: This refers to direct, deliberate destruction of body tissue (often taking the form of cutting or burning one's own skin) in the absence of any intent to die. 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. d) suicidal thoughts Consider This: This refers to direct, deliberate destruction of body tissue (often taking the form 44 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

of cutting or burning one's own skin) in the absence of any intent to die. 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Module: Suicide: The Clinical Picture and Causal Pattern Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q7.8.3 Whereas suicide is relatively rare among children, the prevalence of such behaviors increases starting at around age __________ and continues to increase into the early- to mid-20s. a) 5 Consider This: Consider what major physical and psychological events occur (or do not occur) at each of these ages. 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. b) 12 c) 24 Consider This: Consider what major physical and psychological events occur (or do not occur) at each of these ages. 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. d) 36 Consider This: Consider what major physical and psychological events occur (or do not occur) at each of these ages. 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Module: Suicide: The Clinical Picture and Causal Pattern Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q7.8.4 Which figure, described in your text as the "godfather of suicide research," has written extensively about what constitutes a suicidal mind? a) Shneidman b) Durkheim Consider This: This individual has suggested that suicidality often comes down to the experience of intense psychological pain, which he called "psychache." 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. c) Groth-Marnat Consider This: This individual has suggested that suicidality often comes down to the experience of intense psychological pain, which he called "psychache." 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. d) Shaw Consider This: This individual has suggested that suicidality often comes down to the experience of intense psychological pain, which he called "psychache." 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Module: Suicide: The Clinical Picture and Causal Pattern 45 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q7.8.5 Recent neuroimaging research indicates that when suicidal people think about suicide, they show greater activation in brain regions associated with __________ compared to people who have no history of suicidal thoughts or behaviors. a) self-referential thought b) fear Consider This: Research suggests that suicidal people more quickly classify suicide-related words as "like me" rather than "not like me." 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. c) escape Consider This: Research suggests that suicidal people more quickly classify suicide-related words as "like me" rather than "not like me." 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. d) pain Consider This: Research suggests that suicidal people more quickly classify suicide-related words as "like me" rather than "not like me." 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Module: Suicide: The Clinical Picture and Causal Pattern Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 7.9: Suicide Prevention and Intervention EOM Q7.9.1 The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has required pharmaceutical companies to place warnings on the packaging for antidepressant medications that state that these drugs might __________. a) increase the risk of suicidal behaviors b) lead to intracerebral bleeding and a risk of stroke Consider This: The warnings emphasized that this risk is particularly problematic for adolescents who take these medications. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. c) contribute to the development of both Type I and Type II diabetes Consider This: The warnings emphasized that this risk is particularly problematic for adolescents who take these medications. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. d) increase blood pressure in those with a medical history of hypertension, leading to a risk of sudden cardiac death Consider This: The warnings emphasized that this risk is particularly problematic for adolescents who take these medications. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal 46 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

behaviors. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. Module: Suicide Prevention and Intervention Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q7.9.2 Since the 1960s, the availability of competent assistance at times of suicidal crisis has been expanded through the establishment of __________. a) suicide hotlines b) halfway houses Consider This: This type of resource usually consists of a staff of nonprofessionals who are supervised by psychologists and psychiatrists. It provides 24-hour-a-day availability for assistance. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. c) community mental health centers Consider This: This type of resource usually consists of a staff of nonprofessionals who are supervised by psychologists and psychiatrists. It provides 24-hour-a-day availability for assistance. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. d) urgent psychiatric care facilities Consider This: This type of resource usually consists of a staff of nonprofessionals who are supervised by psychologists and psychiatrists. It provides 24-hour-a-day availability for assistance. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. Module: Suicide Prevention and Intervention Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q7.9.3 In classical Greece, a person who was extremely ill could __________. a) petition the state and receive permission to end his life b) end his life without governmental or religious mandates or interference Consider This: Early Greeks embraced the notion of death with dignity. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. c) face scorn and ridicule from members of the community for wanting to end his life Consider This: Early Greeks embraced the notion of death with dignity. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. d) petition the gods for early entrance into the afterlife so he could end his life Consider This: Early Greeks embraced the notion of death with dignity. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. Module: Suicide Prevention and Intervention Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy 47 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q7.9.4 Which of the following is true about suicide prevention hotlines? a) We lack evidence that these 24-hour call centers reduce suicide rates. b) These 24-hour call centers are associated with reduced rates of suicide. Consider This: These call centers became popular in the 1960s, and they primarily focus on crisis intervention. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. c) These 24-hour call centers are primarily staffed by well-trained psychologists. Consider This: These call centers became popular in the 1960s, and they primarily focus on crisis intervention. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. d) There are very few suicide hotlines in the United States. Consider This: These call centers became popular in the 1960s, and they primarily focus on crisis intervention. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. Module: Suicide Prevention and Intervention Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q7.9.5 Allen is contemplating suicide, but he does not want to receive treatment. Given what you learned from this module, which of the following factors is Allen most likely to say keeps him from seeking treatment? a) Allen does not think that he needs help. b) Allen does not trust psychologists. Consider This: The second most common reason suicidal people give for not seeking treatment is that they want to handle the problem on their own. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. c) Allen received psychological treatment in the past, and does not want to do it again. Consider This: The second most common reason suicidal people give for not seeking treatment is that they want to handle the problem on their own. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. d) Allen knows his thinking and decision making are impaired, and he wants to wait for it to pass. Consider This: The second most common reason suicidal people give for not seeking treatment is that they want to handle the problem on their own. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. Module: Suicide Prevention and Intervention Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult End of Chapter Quiz: Mood Disorders and Suicide

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q7.1 Which of the following mood disorders is the most prevalent in the United States? a) major depressive disorder b) bipolar I disorder Consider This: This disorder occurs at least 15 to 20 times more frequently than schizophrenia. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. c) bipolar II disorder Consider This: This disorder occurs at least 15 to 20 times more frequently than schizophrenia. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. d) double depression Consider This: This disorder occurs at least 15 to 20 times more frequently than schizophrenia. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Module: Mood Disorders and Suicide Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q7.2 In what age group are rates of depression equal among males and females in the United States? a) school-aged children b) adolescents Consider This: In the United States, on average, rates of depression are about two times more common in women compared to men. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. c) adults Consider This: In the United States, on average, rates of depression are about two times more common in women compared to men. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. d) older adults/elderly Consider This: In the United States, on average, rates of depression are about two times more common in women compared to men. 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence. Module: Mood Disorders and Suicide Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q7.3 __________ refers to the inability to experience pleasure. a) Anhedonia b) Depression Consider This: Either depressed mood or the correct answer are required symptoms in the 49 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

diagnosis of a major depressive episode. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. c) Learned helplessness Consider This: Either depressed mood or the correct answer are required symptoms in the diagnosis of a major depressive episode. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. d) Rumination Consider This: Either depressed mood or the correct answer are required symptoms in the diagnosis of a major depressive episode. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Module: Mood Disorders and Suicide Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q7.4 What do cyclothymic disorder and bipolar II disorder have in common? a) They both involve periods of hypomanic symptoms. b) They both can be diagnosed after 3 months of unrelenting symptoms. Consider This: It may help you to also consider how the two conditions differ from bipolar I disorder. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. c) Each of them is diagnosed far more commonly in men than in women. Consider This: It may help you to also consider how the two conditions differ from bipolar I disorder. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. d) They can both be diagnosed after a manic episode, even if depressive symptoms have not yet occurred. Consider This: It may help you to also consider how the two conditions differ from bipolar I disorder. 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders. Module: Mood Disorders and Suicide Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q7.5 Which of the following would be the correct combination of neurotransmitter activities during different stages of bipolar disorder? a) increased norepinephrine activity during manic episodes and decreased serotonin activity during depressed and manic stages b) increased sertraline activity during manic episodes and decreased glutamate activity during depressed and manic stages Consider This: It might help you to consider the function of the type of medication most commonly prescribed to treat both major and minor depressive symptoms. 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. c) increased cortisol activity during manic episodes and decreased acetylcholine activity during 50 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

depressed and manic stages Consider This: It might help you to consider the function of the type of medication most commonly prescribed to treat both major and minor depressive symptoms. 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. d) increased gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) activity during manic episodes and decreased cortisol activity during depressed and manic stages Consider This: It might help you to consider the function of the type of medication most commonly prescribed to treat both major and minor depressive symptoms. 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders. Module: Mood Disorders and Suicide Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q7.6 Which of the following may explain the lower prevalence rates of mood disorders in Nigeria compared to the United States? a) People in Nigeria may be less willing to report symptoms of psychopathology because of stigma. b) People in the United States experience more stress, which triggers episodes of depression. Consider This: Stigma can play a role in underreporting of symptoms. 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. c) People in the United States may be less willing to report symptoms of psychopathology because of stigma. Consider This: Stigma can play a role in underreporting of symptoms. 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. d) There is greater stigma in the United States around mental illness, particularly depression. Consider This: Stigma can play a role in underreporting of symptoms. 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. Module: Mood Disorders and Suicide Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q7.7 Which of the following reasons most accurately describes why SSRIs tend to be prescribed more often than TCAs for depression? a) TCAs can cause several unpleasant side effects. b) SSRIs are more effective than TCAs for severe depression. Consider This: Recent research suggests that antidepressant medications are superior to placebo only for patients with very severe symptoms of depression. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. 51 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c) SSRIs are more effective than TCAs for mild depression. Consider This: Recent research suggests that antidepressant medications are superior to placebo only for patients with very severe symptoms of depression. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. d) TCAs do not outperform placebo. Consider This: Recent research suggests that antidepressant medications are superior to placebo only for patients with very severe symptoms of depression. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders. Module: Mood Disorders and Suicide Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q7.8 Approximately __________ percent of adolescents and young adults have engaged in at least one nonsuicidal self-injury behavior, often with the goal of decreasing high levels of distress and eliciting help from others. a) 8 to 12 Consider This: The answer may be higher than you'd expect, but not as bad as it could be. 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. b) 15 to 20 c) 25 to 32 Consider This: The answer may be higher than you'd expect, but not as bad as it could be. 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. d) 35 to 60 Consider This: The answer may be higher than you'd expect, but not as bad as it could be. 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Module: Mood Disorders and Suicide Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q7.9 Which side-effect is Jason, age 14, more likely to experience than Alex, age 55, after starting antidepressant medication? a) suicidal thoughts b) weight gain Consider This: This effect led the FDA to require pharmaceutical companies to put warnings on the labels of antidepressant medications to inform the public of this possible side effect. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. c) hallucinations and delusions Consider This: This effect led the FDA to require pharmaceutical companies to put warnings on the labels of antidepressant medications to inform the public of this possible side effect. 7.9 52 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. d) obsessive-compulsive symptoms Consider This: This effect led the FDA to require pharmaceutical companies to put warnings on the labels of antidepressant medications to inform the public of this possible side effect. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. Module: Mood Disorders and Suicide Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q7.10 In the United States, the first state to pass a Death with Dignity Act in 1994 was __________. This gave physicians legal permission to prescribe a lethal dose of medication for a terminally ill patient to ingest on their own. a) Oregon b) New Jersey Consider This: As of 2007, an estimated 341 people had taken their lives under the ODDA. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. c) Alaska Consider This: As of 2007, an estimated 341 people had taken their lives under the ODDA. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. d) Idaho Consider This: As of 2007, an estimated 341 people had taken their lives under the ODDA. 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors. Module: Mood Disorders and Suicide Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q7.11 CBT and medications have been found to be similarly effective in the treatment of severe depression. However, __________. a) CBT is associated with lower rates of relapse over a one year follow-up period after discontinuation of both treatments b) medications are associated with lower rates of relapse over a one year follow-up period after discontinuation of both treatments Consider This: Recurrence of depressive episodes is very common among people with major depressive disorder. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. c) medications are associated with reducing neural abnormalities, but CBT is not Consider This: Recurrence of depressive episodes is very common among people with major depressive disorder. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. d) medications are associated with greater symptom reductions among people with mild 53 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

depression Consider This: Recurrence of depressive episodes is very common among people with major depressive disorder. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Module: Mood Disorders and Suicide Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q7.12 The __________, an area of the brain involved in selective attention, shows __________ in patients with depression. a) anterior cingulate cortex; decreased volume and abnormally low levels of activation b) brain stem; decreased volume and lower levels of activation Consider This: This region of the brain is also involved in self-regulation and adaptability, both of which are diminished with depression. 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. c) pituitary gland; decreased production of dopamine Consider This: This region of the brain is also involved in self-regulation and adaptability, both of which are diminished with depression. 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. d) hypothalamus; increased activation Consider This: This region of the brain is also involved in self-regulation and adaptability, both of which are diminished with depression. 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders. Module: Mood Disorders and Suicide Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q7.13 EEG sleep studies of persons with depression reveal that depressed persons on the average __________ when compared to persons who are not depressed. a) enter REM sleep 15 to 20 minutes earlier after going to bed, and spend a lower-than-normal amount of time in stage 3 and 4 sleep b) spend half as much time in REM sleep and engage in more nocturnal movement Consider This: The decreased amount of deep sleep often precedes the onset of depression and persists following recovery. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. c) demonstrate more frequent eye movement during REM sleep and spend a longer-than-normal amount of time in stage 3 and 4 sleep Consider This: The decreased amount of deep sleep often precedes the onset of depression and persists following recovery. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. d) enter REM sleep 3 hours later and spend a greater percentage of time in stage 1 and 2 sleep 54 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: The decreased amount of deep sleep often precedes the onset of depression and persists following recovery. 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders. Module: Mood Disorders and Suicide Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q7.14 Which of the following people is the least likely to transition from suicidal thinking to suicidal behavior? a) Roger has been thinking about suicide on and off for 10 years and has never engaged in any suicidal behaviors. b) Franky has been thinking about suicide periodically for the first time over the past few months. She has never engaged in any suicidal behaviors before. Consider This: Lifetime prevalence rates for suicidal thoughts are just 7 percent lower than lifetime prevalence rates for unipolar depression. 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. c) Ella has been thinking about suicide again over the past month. Previously, she thought about suicide on and off for a year, but it has been several years since her first and only suicide attempt. Consider This: Lifetime prevalence rates for suicidal thoughts are just 7 percent lower than lifetime prevalence rates for unipolar depression. 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. d) Allison has a history of self-injury and has been increasingly engaging in self-harm behavior over the last several months. Consider This: Lifetime prevalence rates for suicidal thoughts are just 7 percent lower than lifetime prevalence rates for unipolar depression. 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors. Module: Mood Disorders and Suicide Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q7.15 Which of the following is a possible side effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)? a) headaches b) increased suicidal thoughts Consider This: TMS is painless and many studies have shown it to result in similar reductions in depressive symptoms compared to ECT and antidepressants. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. c) memory impairment Consider This: TMS is painless and many studies have shown it to result in similar reductions in depressive symptoms compared to ECT and antidepressants. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. 55 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) insomnia Consider This: TMS is painless and many studies have shown it to result in similar reductions in depressive symptoms compared to ECT and antidepressants. 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders. Module: Mood Disorders and Suicide Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 8: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Learning Objective

Question Type

Introduction

Multiple Choice

Remember the Facts

Understand the Concepts

Apply What You Know

4, 7, 11, 14, 16

5, 8, 9, 10, 13, 6, 12 15

Analyze It

Short Answer Essay 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders.

Multiple Choice

1, 2, 3

Short Answer Essay

8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder.

Multiple Choice

Short Answer

Essay 8.3 Identify the key difference Multiple Choice between illness anxiety disorder and somatic Short Answer symptom disorder.

18, 19

Essay 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment.

Multiple Choice

20, 23

Short Answer

21, 24, 25

22, 27

66, 67

26 68

Essay 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering.

Multiple Choice

28, 31

30, 33

Short Answer

32 69

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Essay 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders.

Multiple Choice

72 34

36, 37

Short Answer

Essay 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/ derealization disorder.

Multiple Choice

Short Answer Essay

8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia.

Multiple Choice

45, 46

48, 50, 51

Short Answer Essay

8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial.

40, 41, 42

Multiple Choice

73 47, 49, 53

52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60

Short Answer Essay

8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders.

Multiple Choice

61, 62, 63, 64

Short Answer

Essay

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 8: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Conditions involving physical complaints or disabilities that occur in the absence of any physical pathology that could account for them are __________. a. hypochondriacal disorders b. anxiety disorders c. dissociative disorders d. somatic symptom disorders Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: An Overview Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. Individuals with somatic symptom disorders __________. a. intentionally fake their illnesses in order to obtain some special treatment b. generally have a physical cause for their illness c. experience distressing bodily symptoms that cause impairment d. usually have little concern over their state of health Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: An Overview Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3. Approximately __________ percent of doctor visits are the result of complaints by individuals who are worried that something is seriously wrong, even though no medical cause is found to explain their symptoms. a. 10 b. 20 c. 25 d. 35 Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: An Overview 3 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 4. According to the revisions made for DSM-5, most people previously diagnosed with __________ will now be diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder. a. hypochondriasis b. factitious disorder c. dissociative disorder d. body dysmorphic disorder Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Topic: Somatic Symptom Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 5. Arthur is obsessively watching the news about an outbreak of a particularly dangerous strain of the flu. Although he hasn’t been exposed to the flu and has had a flu shot, Arthur is convinced that the slight pain in his arms is a sign of the flu; he is unable to sleep, worrying about his health. Arthur is exhibiting classic signs of __________. a. hypochondriasis b. catastrophizing c. pain disorder d. fugue disorder Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Topic: Somatic Symptom Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 6. Which of the following statements accurately describes changes between DSM-IV and DSM-V relative to how somatic symptom disorder is diagnosed? a. According to DSM-IV, individuals must be experiencing dysfunctional thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors, along with chronic somatic symptoms. b. According to DSM-IV, individuals must be experiencing dysfunctional thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors, but not chronic somatic symptoms. c. According to DSM-V, individuals must be experiencing dysfunctional thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors, along with chronic somatic symptoms. d. According to DSM-V, individuals must be experiencing chronic somatic symptoms but not dysfunctional thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors. Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Topic: Somatic Symptom Disorder 4 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 7. Which of the following is an example of something a person suffering from somatic symptom disorder might think? a. A sore throat is nothing to worry about unless there is also a fever. Then it is a problem. b. A sore throat is serious and requires a trip to the doctor. If the doctor runs tests and finds nothing, it is okay. c. A sore throat is a major problem. It could be cancer or some other deadly disease, no matter what the doctor says. d. A sore throat could be a serious sign of cancer, but it would be important to wait until the doctor says one way or the other before panicking. Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Topic: Somatic Symptom Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 8. Davis and Azra eat dinner together after work. Several hours later, each starts to develop nausea and stomach pains. Davis has a somatic symptom disorder, Azra does not. Most likely, __________. a. both men will think that the food they ate made them sick b. Davis will think that he has stomach cancer, and Azra will think that the food he ate made him sick c. Davis will think that the food he ate made him sick, and Azra will not think anything at all d. Azra will think that he has stomach cancer, and Davis will think that the food he ate made him sick Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Topic: Somatic Symptom Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 9. If Raul is typical of people with somatic symptom disorder, he may __________. a. avoid accepting a psychological explanation for his problems b. avoid visiting a physician c. have bizarre delusions about his body rotting out d. feel relieved when his doctor tells him he is healthy Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. 5 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Somatic Symptom Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 10. Maggie notices a lump on her side. She goes to her physician because she is worried that it is cancer. Her physician sends her for a biopsy. During the three weeks between first noticing the lump and getting her test results that it is not cancer, Maggie was almost unable to function. She felt constant anxiety and thought nonstop about having cancer. After she found out that she did not have cancer, Maggie felt much better. Maggie has __________. a. hypochondriasis b. conversion disorder c. somatization disorder d. no mental disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Topic: Somatic Symptom Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 11. Somatization disorder and hypochondriasis are similar in DSM-5 in that __________. a. both involve patients thinking that they have a physical disease b. both involve patients thinking that they can easily cope with their symptoms c. both have been subsumed into somatic symptom disorder d. both involve patients reacting to physical symptoms by becoming more physically active Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Topic: Somatic Symptom Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 12. Which of the following statements accurately reflects the historical roots of somatic symptom disorder? a. Symptoms are a behavioral response to physiological pain. b. Symptoms are a result of distorted cognitive perceptions. c. Symptoms are due to abnormalities in the somatosensory system. d. Symptoms are a defense mechanism against unresolved unconscious conflicts. Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Topic: Causes of Somatic Symptom Disorder 6 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 13. Sitting at his desk at work one day, Chang feels what he believes is his heart skipping a beat. Already diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder, what question might be racing through Chang’s head? a. “Does this mean I have a terminal heart problem?” b. “I must be out of shape! How can I increase the intensity of my workouts?” c. “I wonder if I had one too many cocktails last night and I am dehydrated?” d. “I’m curious if I am more nervous about my performance appraisal than I thought.” Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Topic: Causes of Somatic Symptom Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 14. Catastrophizing about minor bodily sensations is characteristic of individuals with __________. a. somatic symptom disorder. b. hypochondriasis and conversion disorder. c. dissociative fugue and somatization disorder. d. dissociative fugue and conversion disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Topic: Causes of Somatic Symptom Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 15. Brennan’s various medical complaints and hospital stays finally led him to see a psychiatrist. After a thorough medical and psychological evaluation, the 28-year-old teacher and father of two was diagnosed with both depression and somatic symptom disorder. What is atypical about this case summary? a. Such diagnoses are usually made in adolescence. b. Somatic symptom disorder is seen much more commonly in women. c. Somatization disorder and depression are rarely comorbid disorders. d. It is rare for an individual with somatization disorder to marry and have children. Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Topic: Causes of Somatic Symptom Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

16. What would be most helpful to a person with somatic symptom disorder? a. Relaxation training, despite the pain b. Restricting physical activity as much as possible c. Getting a great deal of sympathy and attention d. Being allowed to avoid unpleasant tasks when in pain Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Topic: Treatment of Somatic Symptom Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 17. What is the most effective treatment for somatic symptom disorder? a. Acupuncture b. Shock therapy c. Cognitive-behavioral therapy d. Anti-anxiety medications Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Topic: Treatment of Somatic Symptom Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 18. A person with illness anxiety disorder has a preoccupation with __________. a. making other people sick b. having an anxiety attack c. having or acquiring a serious illness d. small objects that appear at night on the horizon Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. Topic: Illness Anxiety Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 19. What is the average age of onset for both illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder? a. 16 years old b. 20 years old c. 25 years old d. 30 years old Answer: b

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. Topic: Illness Anxiety Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 20. Which of the following was once viewed as a form of “hysteria”? a. Conversion disorder b. Dissociative identity disorder c. Dissociative fugue d. Hypochondriasis Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Topic: Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder) Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 21. What did early observers mean when they used the term la belle indifférence to describe individuals with conversion disorder? a. That those with the disorder denied they had debilitating symptoms b. That those with the disorder showed extreme anxiety and concern about their symptoms c. That those with the disorder seemed to lack any concern about their symptoms d. That those with the disorder masked their symptoms with medication Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Topic: Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder) Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 22. Sherrod has been experiencing a strange sensation in his hands. He is unable to feel anything on either hand around his fingers, palm, or top of his hand, but he is able to detect sensation from his wrists on up his arms. As it relates to conversion disorder, Sherrod appears to be showing symptoms of __________. a. extremity anesthesia b. non-wrist anesthesia c. mani-anesthesia d. glove anesthesia 9 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Topic: Range of Conversion Disorder Symptoms Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 23. The most common kind of speech-related conversion reaction is __________. a. alexia b. aphonia c. apraxia d. alogia Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Topic: Range of Conversion Disorder Symptoms Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 24. How is a conversion seizure different from an epileptic seizure? a. Patients do not show any EEG abnormalities after a conversion seizure. b. Patients show more confusion after a conversion seizure. c. Patients have no loss of memory after an epileptic seizure. d. Patients do not lose bowel or bladder control after an epileptic seizure. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Topic: Range of Conversion Disorder Symptoms Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 25. Which of the following disorders was once the most frequently diagnosed disorder among soldiers in World War I and very common during World War II? a. Acute anxiety disorder b. Conversion disorder c. Dissociative identity disorder d. Hypochondriasis Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Topic: Prevalence and Demographic Characteristics 10 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 26. Which of the following best explains why conversion disorder is a less common diagnosis today than it was historically? a. Advances in the psychiatric profession have decreased the prevalence of all disorders linked to traumatic events. b. Those once diagnosed with conversion disorder are now more likely to be diagnosed with PTSD. c. Today’s psychiatrists tend to view this diagnosis as one that lacks reliability and validity, thus they are hesitant to even consider it as a diagnostic option. d. Advances in the medical field have made patients more sophisticated about medical and psychological disorders. Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Topic: Prevalence and Demographic Characteristics Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 27. Following the rejection of his latest novel, Jahir experienced an inability to make some movements with his right hand. While he was unable to write, he could scratch and make other simple motions with his affected hand. Two weeks later, he was able to write again. What is unique about Jahir’s case of conversion disorder? a. Jahir had some ability to move his hand. b. Jahir is male, and most people with this disorder are women. c. Jahir’s symptoms subsided after only two weeks. d. Jahir only lost the ability to move his right hand. Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Topic: Prevalence and Demographic Characteristics Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 28. What disorder would include intentionally taking drugs in order to stimulate various real illnesses? a. Factitious disorder b. Malingering c. Dissociative identity disorder d. Somatization disorder Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. 11 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Factitious Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 29. Consciously faking symptoms is characteristic of __________. a. malingering b. hypochondriasis c. somatization disorder d. somatic symptom disorder Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Topic: Identifying Factitious Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 30. Elliot falls at work. The initial medical tests show no major physical problems. However, Elliot calls the next day and tells his boss that he is unable to use his right leg because it is paralyzed. He also informs his boss that he plans to sue the company. Elliot most likely __________. a. has conversion disorder b. has somatization disorder c. has factitious disorder d. is malingering Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Topic: Identifying Factitious Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 31. Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy is a variant of which of the following disorders? a. Conversion disorder b. Body dysmorphic disorder c. Hypochondriasis d. Factitious disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Topic: Identifying Factitious Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

32. Which of the following is a way to distinguish between someone with conversion disorder and someone who is malingering? a. People with conversion disorder are very willing to talk about their symptoms; malingerers will be more cautious. b. People with conversion disorder will be very cautious in talking about their symptoms; malingerers are very willing to talk about them. c. People with conversion disorder are usually very defensive; malingerers will try to seem very open and trusting. d. If their symptoms are shown to be inconsistent, people with conversion disorder become very defensive, while malingerers do not. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Topic: Identifying Factitious Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 33. Alec fell off a ladder at work and claims he has intense pain in his back, even though medical tests find nothing wrong. He does not like to talk about it and keeps quiet, other than his report to his attorney. Carson fell off a ladder at work and claims he hurt his back, too, even though medical tests find nothing wrong. He talks about it all of the time, in great detail. Which diagnosis would seem to fit each man? a. Malingering in Alec, conversion disorder in Carson b. Malingering in Alec, factitious disorder in Carson c. Factitious disorder in Alec, malingering in Carson d. Conversion disorder in Alec, malingering in Carson Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Topic: Distinguishing Between Different Types of Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 34. Dissociation __________. a. only occurs in people with a dissociative disorder b. is a sign that something is seriously wrong c. is extremely common and not necessarily pathological d. is extremely rare and not necessarily pathological Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. Topic: Dissociative Disorders: An Overview Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 35. Although Chance remembered most of the main issues from the meeting, he had no recollection of the decision to eliminate the department he headed. What disorder is reflected in this scenario? a. Dissociative disorder b. Conversion disorder c. Factitious disorder d. Somatic symptom disorder Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. Topic: Dissociative Disorders: An Overview Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 36. What do somatic symptom disorder and the dissociative disorders have in common? a. Both are characterized by physical complaints. b. Both are more common in men. c. Both appear to be ways of avoiding anxiety. d. Both have onset during early childhood. Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. Topic: Dissociative Disorders: An Overview Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 37. __________ refers to the understanding that symptoms of dissociation are associated with many different forms of psychopathology? a. Psychopathological network b. Transdiagnostic c. Multi-diagnostic d. Polydiagnostic Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. Topic: Dissociative Disorders: An Overview Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 38. After learning of her father’s death, Sophie felt dazed and confused but still retained her sense of self. When speaking of her response to the news, she said she had felt like she was in a movie, watching the events happen to her. Despite this strange feeling, she understood what was 14 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

happening and did the things that she needed to do. What can be said of Sophie’s response to her father’s death? a. Her response is not typical and suggests that she is suffering from acute stress disorder. b. She experienced an instance of derealization. c. She had a psychotic break. d. She experienced an instance of depersonalization. Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. Topic: Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 39. The disorder involving the experience of a sudden loss of the sense of self and one’s reality is __________. a. depersonalization disorder b. psychogenic amnesia c. disidentity disorder d. derealization disorder Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. Topic: Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 40. Jill did not remember the accident happening or her graduation a couple of months before. What form of memory loss is this characteristic of? a. Episodic b. Semantic c. Retrograde d. Short term Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. Topic: Dissociative Amnesia Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 41. In soap operas, characters often forget their past experience following some trauma. They don’t merely forget the traumatic event, they forget who they are, where they came from—they

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

lose almost all memory of their lives. They then move to a new place and start a new identity. This would be best described as an instance of __________. a. anterograde amnesia b. dissociative fugue c. continuous amnesia d. generalized amnesia Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. Topic: Dissociative Amnesia Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 42. Gerard became amnesic, wandered away from home, and assumed a completely new identity as a shoe salesman. He suffers from __________. a. dissociative fugue b. dissociative identity disorder c. malingering identity disorder d. depersonalization Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. Topic: Dissociative Amnesia Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 43. Once a dissociative fugue ends, people __________. a. can remember everything that has happened to them b. remember who they are but cannot remember their past c. can remember their past but cannot remember what happened during the fugue d. can remember their past but keep their new identity Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. Topic: Dissociative Amnesia Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 44. Which of the following has been demonstrated about the effects of dissociative amnesias on memory? a. Implicit memory is generally intact. b. Explicit memory is rarely affected. c. Episodic memory is not compromised. 16 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. Semantic memory is most dramatically affected. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. Topic: Dissociative Amnesia Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 45. In the study mentioned in the text, the German man who had dissociative fugue denied that he could speak German. However, he learned German-English word pairs much faster than control words. This supports the finding that __________. a. mainly episodic memory is lost, while implicit memory stays intact b. mainly implicit memory is lost, while episodic memory stays intact c. both episodic and implicit memory are affected d. most people with dissociative fugue are faking Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. Topic: Dissociative Amnesia Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 46. There has been little systematic research conducted on dissociative amnesia and fugue, yet some studies have revealed new information. What is the source of this information? a. Experiments using medication b. Checking reports from doctors’ offices c. Testing personality traits of individuals who have experienced these issues d. Use of different brain-imaging methods to determine where loss of function occurs Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. Topic: Dissociative Amnesia Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 47. Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as __________. a. psychogenic amnesia b. multiple personality disorder c. conversion hysteria d. neurasthenia Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Topic: Dissociative Identity Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy 17 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 48. Which of the following is most suggestive of dissociative identity disorder? a. Grace’s feelings about James switched from positive to negative instantly. b. Peter could not explain why he didn’t complete the project. c. Delilah was never able to make up her mind. d. Kyla could not recall where she had been or what she had done all day. Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Topic: Dissociative Identity Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 49. Which of the following is true of opposite sex alters in DID? a. They are rare. b. They are quite common. c. When they do occur, they usually assume the role of host. d. They occur most commonly when sexual abuse has occurred. Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Topic: Dissociative Identity Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 50. Brigid has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. Brigid is the host personality. We can expect that the alter identities __________. a. are very much like Brigid b. are strikingly different from Brigid c. only “come out” when there is no stress in the environment d. are very much like one another Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Topic: Dissociative Identity Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

51. Olivia has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). She has 17 different “alters,” which are strikingly different from her host personality. Some of her alters are not full personalities, but only fragments and memories. Some of the alters are children. What aspect of this case is unusual? a. It is unusual for a person with DID to have 17 alters. b. It is unusual for a person with DID to have alters that are very different from the host personality. c. It is unusual for a person with DID to have fragmentary alters. d. No aspect of this case is unusual. Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Topic: Dissociative Identity Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 52. Why has the term “multiple personality disorder” been replaced with “dissociative identity disorder”? a. The old term was often used to refer to both schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder, thus a new term was needed to end the confusion. b. The word “multiple” suggested the presence of more identities than were commonly observed. c. Fully developed personalities are not present in dissociative identity disorder, just varying expressions of different aspects of the patient’s personality. d. A new diagnostic term was wanted to remove some of the stigma associated with the old term and its presentation in the media. Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Topic: Dissociative Identity Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 53. Recent estimates suggest that about 50 percent of those with dissociative identity disorder have __________. a. only two identities b. two alters, in addition to the host identity c. more than ten identities d. as many as 200 identities Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Topic: Dissociative Identity Disorder 19 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 54. What theory states that dissociative identity disorder is a response to early childhood traumatization and reflects a coping mechanism against powerlessness and hopelessness? a. Compartmentalization theory b. Trauma theory c. Protectionist theory d. Abuse-reaction theory Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Topic: Causal Factors and Controversies about DID Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 55. According to sociocognitive theory, __________. a. the mind separates due to some traumatic experience and is never fully reintegrated, resulting in the multiple identities observed in dissociative identity disorder b. the alters in dissociative identity disorder develop as a means of escaping from some form of trauma c. dissociative identity disorder has a factitious origin d. dissociative identity disorder may develop when a suggestive patient is treated by an overzealous clinician Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Topic: Causal Factors and Controversies about DID Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 56. There is debate as to the relationship between DID and abuse because __________. a. few of those who develop dissociative identity disorder have a history of abuse b. there is little evidence of a link between trauma and psychopathology c. other factors correlated with abuse may be the true causal factors in dissociative identity disorder d. most reports of abuse are faked Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Topic: Causal Factors and Controversies about DID Difficulty Level: Moderate 20 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 57. Which of the following statements summarizes the posttraumatic theory for the origin of dissociative identity disorder? a. Therapists unwittingly reinforce role-playing of alter identities. b. Genetically programmed tendencies to dissociate are triggered by stress. c. Children deal with severe abuse by creating alters who provide an “escape.” d. The rewards of avoiding punishment by the legal system induce people to fake symptoms. Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Topic: Causal Factors and Controversies about DID Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 58. An in-depth study by Lewis and colleagues of 12 convicted murderers diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID) looked into their backgrounds. The study found strong evidence that each was severely abused, both physically and sexually. Why does the text refer to this study as “flawed.” a. Malingerers were studied separately from the larger group of DID sufferers. b. Malingerers were excluded from the study. c. There was no control group of murderers without DID. d. There was no control group of DID sufferers who were not murderers. Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Topic: Causal Factors and Controversies about DID Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 59. Studies comparing individuals with dissociative identity disorder (DID) to those trained to simulate the disorder __________. a. support the trauma model more than the sociocognitive model b. support the sociocognitive model more than the trauma model c. definitively demonstrate that DID is faked, whether intentionally or unintentionally d. suggest that DID is faked, but only unconsciously Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Topic: Causal Factors and Controversies about DID Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 21 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 60. What is one reason that the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder (DID) has been increasing? a. Children in today’s society are far more likely to experience severe trauma than they were in the past. b. DID has only recently received full acceptance by the psychiatric community, and thus professionals are now using this diagnosis. c. As of 1980, most insurance companies had to accept DID as a billable diagnosis. d. It may be that the prevalence of DID has not changed at all, but that clinicians may unknowingly encourage the emergence of new identities. Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Topic: Current Perspectives Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 61. An example of dissociative trance is __________. a. a person who enters into a trance state more than once b. a person who believes they can be voluntarily possessed by a spirit, and enjoys allowing this to happen c. a person who often feels as though the world around them isn’t real, although they knows it is. d. a person who believes they are at times possessed by a spirit, and are extremely upset by this. Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. Topic: Cultural Factors in Dissociative Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 62. What term refers to the point at which a dissociative episode leads to violence, aggression, or homicidal behavior directed at other people or objects? a. Dishevelled b. Amok c. Dissociative rage d. Chinook Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. Topic: Cultural Factors in Dissociative Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy 22 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 63. When it comes to the effectiveness of treatment for dissociative disorders, we know __________. a. very little b. that medications are ineffective, but that psychotherapy is quite helpful c. that depersonalization is much more effectively treated than amnesia d. that antidepressant medications are most effective in treating dissociative identity disorder Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. Topic: Treatment and Outcomes in Dissociative Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 64. The treatment goal for most therapists who treat dissociative identity disorder is __________. a. acceptance of the alter personalities b. reduction of the impact of distress and impairment c. integration of the alter personalities d. self-understanding of the causes for the alter personalities Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. Topic: Treatment and Outcomes in Dissociative Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. SHORT ANSWER 65. Discuss two of the causal factors of somatic symptom disorder. Answer: A good answer will include two of the following: 1. Misinterpretations of bodily sensations—overly focusing on symptoms, perceiving them as more dangerous than they are, looking for confirming evidence, and discounting disconfirming evidence. 2. Dysfunctional beliefs about oneself—believing that one will be unable to cope with illness, seeing oneself as weak and unable to tolerate exercise. 3. Secondary reinforcements—current and past history, special comfort, relief from responsibilities. Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Topic: Somatic Symptom Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 23 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 66. What factors tend to be associated with the onset of conversion disorder? Answer: An individual typically experiences an intolerable stressor. Conversion symptoms then develop and provide an escape from the unwanted situation—although the individual sees no connection between the situation and the symptoms. Guilt, self-punishment, and the opportunity for financial compensation following injury are also associated with the origin of conversion disorder. Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Topic: Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder) Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 67. What are some ways to distinguish between conversion disorder and a true physical problem? Answer: Symptoms don’t conform to the normal symptoms of the disorder, the selective nature of the dysfunction, and symptoms can be changed under hypnosis. Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Topic: Range of Conversion Disorder Symptoms Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 68. Distinguish between Freud’s concepts of the primary and secondary gains experienced by those with conversion disorder. Answer: Primary gains are the reduction in anxiety and intrapsychic conflict that results from the conversion symptoms. Secondary gains include the external ”rewards,” such as sympathy and extra attention, that serve to reinforce the physical symptoms of conversion disorder. Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Topic: Prevalence and Demographic Characteristics Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 69. What is the difference between malingering and factitious disorder? Answer: Both disorders involve the conscious faking of physical symptoms. The malingerer fakes symptoms for personal gain, while the individual with factitious disorder does so to obtain and maintain the benefits that playing the “sick role” (even to the extent of undergoing 24 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

repeated hospitalizations) may provide, including the attention and concern of family and medical personnel. For instance, a child who feigns illness to miss school is malingering, while the teen who adopts the “sick role” for the attention he gains may meet the diagnostic criteria for factitious disorder. Learning Objective: 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Topic: Factitious Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 70. Explain the difference between somatic symptom disorder and dissociative disorders. Why are these disorders commonly considered at the same time? Answer: Somatic symptom disorder is characterized by physical complaints, thought to be manifestations of some psychological problem. In contrast, dissociative disorders involve some separation of the functioning of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. Again, the underlying cause for the observed distortions is some psychological abnormality. Both were once classified as neuroses and are thought to have anxiety as their underlying cause. Learning Objective: LO 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. Topic: Dissociative Disorders: An Overview Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 71. What is the primary controversy about the validity of recovered memories in the context of DID? Answer: The controversy is rooted in the disagreement between those who believe painful memories are often suppressed and recovered during therapy and those who believe therapeutic techniques and therapists are often responsible for planting false memories into the minds of those undergoing treatment. Learning Objective: 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. Topic: Treatment and Outcomes in Dissociative Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. ESSAY 72. Explain the similarities and differences between conversion disorder, factitious disorder, and malingering. Answer: The similarities all involve physical symptoms with no physical cause, as well as some gain. The differences: Only in conversion disorder are the symptoms involuntary; in 25 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

factitious disorder and malingering, the person is consciously faking. While all can involve gain, the main type of gain is different. In conversion disorder, the main gain is avoiding or escaping a stressful situation without taking responsibility for doing so. In factitious disorder, the person enjoys the sick role. In malingering, the gain is typically monetary (e.g., a law suit). GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 4 for the similarities, 6 for the differences. Learning Objective: 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Topic: Distinguishing Between Different Types of Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 73. What is dissociative fugue? Under what circumstances is this disorder likely to develop? Answer: Dissociative fugue has been described as a walking amnesia. In this form of amnesia, an individual not only forgets their history but also leaves. The individual with dissociative fugue may actually leave their home and begin a new life elsewhere, with a new identity. Such an extreme means of dealing with anxiety is most commonly seen when someone is faced with a situation that is both intolerable and inescapable. GRADING RUBRIC: 6 points total, 4 points for explaining disorder, 2 points for identifying when it occurs. Learning Objective: 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. Topic: Dissociative Amnesia Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 74. Discuss the various controversies surrounding the role of abuse in the development of dissociative identity disorder. What evidence is there to suggest that abuse plays a causal role? Answer: While a history of abuse is often reported by those diagnosed with DID, it can only be said that abuse may play a nonspecific causal role in the development of DID. There are many other environmental factors that may accompany an abusive situation that may play a more significant role in DID. Furthermore, if abuse were the true “cause” of DID, it would be expected that DID would be even more common than it is. There is also the possibility that many of the reported cases of abuse by those with DID may not have actually occurred. Thus, while abuse is frequently reported by those with DID, the conclusion that abuse plays a causal role is not warranted. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 2 for stating that abuse can’t be said to play a causal role, 4 points each for two explanations of this conclusion. Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Topic: Causal Factors and Controversies about DID Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module Quiz 8.1: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: An Overview EOM Q8.1.1 What is the major commonality of the different somatic symptom disorders? a) bodily symptoms that cause significant psychological distress and impairment b) a loss of contact with reality and a tendency to respond to an internally generated fantasy world Consider This: Consider what the word "soma" means. 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. c) the presence of two or more fully formed identities within the same individual Consider This: Consider what the word "soma" means. 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. d) a lack of control over physical functions, such as eating, sleeping, and sexual behaviors Consider This: Consider what the word "soma" means. 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. Module: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: An Overview Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q8.1.2 What major change has been made to the category of somatic symptom and related disorders in DSM-5? a) No distinction has been made between medically explained and medically unexplained symptoms. b) The duration for which the symptoms must be present before a diagnosis is made has been extended to 12 years. Consider This: DSM-5 recognizes that not all situations that cannot be explained medically are necessarily psychiatric in nature. 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. c) The clinical specifics of "with normal premorbid functioning" and "without normal premorbid functioning" have been added. Consider This: DSM-5 recognizes that not all situations that cannot be explained medically are necessarily psychiatric in nature. 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. d) An exclusion criterion has been added, removing this diagnosis for anyone who is currently using and/or abusing psychoactive drugs. Consider This: DSM-5 recognizes that not all situations that cannot be explained medically are 27 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

necessarily psychiatric in nature. 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. Module: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: An Overview Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q8.1.3 Upwards of 80 percent of the population reports experiencing some somatic (physical) symptoms in the past week. Of these cases that drive people to visit doctors' offices, approximately what percentage are medically unexplained? a) less than 5 percent Consider This: Most people are satisfied when they are told the tests are negative; however, others go on to worry that something is wrong with them that doctors are missing. 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. b) 5 to 10 percent Consider This: Most people are satisfied when they are told the tests are negative; however, others go on to worry that something is wrong with them that doctors are missing. 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. c) 10 to 15 percent Consider This: Most people are satisfied when they are told the tests are negative; however, others go on to worry that something is wrong with them that doctors are missing. 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. d) 20 to 50 percent Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. Module: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: An Overview Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q8.1.4 The term "somatic disorder" can be understood in terms of its linguistic roots. "Soma" means __________. a) body b) medical Consider This: People reporting somatic symptoms experience distress related to this. 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. c) physical Consider This: People reporting somatic symptoms experience distress related to this. 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. d) psychological Consider This: People reporting somatic symptoms experience distress related to this. 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. 28 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders. Module: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: An Overview Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 8.2: Somatic Symptom Disorder EOM Q8.2.1 Alan Frances, who served as the chair of the task force that developed DSM-IV, has called the new DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder a __________. a) "loosely defined and fatally flawed" diagnosis and recommended that clinicians not use it b) "much needed revision that focuses on real psychological symptoms" that should be a useful category for practicing clinicians Consider This: The DSM must always be considered a work in progress; modifications to the criteria for somatic symptom disorder could change. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. c) "significant improvement over the separate, narrowly defined categories used in the DSM-IV" Consider This: The DSM must always be considered a work in progress; modifications to the criteria for somatic symptom disorder could change. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. d) "cumbersome product that relies too heavily on identifiable physical conditions for diagnosis" Consider This: The DSM must always be considered a work in progress; modifications to the criteria for somatic symptom disorder could change. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Module: Somatic Symptom Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q8.2.2 The historical roots of somatoform disorders date back to __________. a) the psychoanalytic concept of hysteria and the work of Freud, Breuer, and Janet b) early classical conditioning theorizing by Watson and the belief that behaviors associated with somatoform disorders were a product of faulty learning Consider This: It was long thought that symptoms developed as a defense mechanism against unresolved or unacceptable unconscious conflicts. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. c) the humanist perspective championed by Rogers and Maslow which suggests that somatoform disorders develop in response to blocking self-actualization Consider This: It was long thought that symptoms developed as a defense mechanism against unresolved or unacceptable unconscious conflicts. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) medical models that looked at abnormalities in limbic system structures Consider This: It was long thought that symptoms developed as a defense mechanism against unresolved or unacceptable unconscious conflicts. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Module: Somatic Symptom Disorder Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q8.2.3 According to cognitive-behavioral formulations, somatic symptom disorder can be viewed as a disorder of both __________. a) perception and cognition b) insufficient dopamine availability in the brain and cognitive processes Consider This: Core to the many cognitive-behavioral models is the idea that the person is hypervigilant and has an increased awareness of bodily changes. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. c) emotional expression and physical state Consider This: Core to the many cognitive-behavioral models is the idea that the person is hypervigilant and has an increased awareness of bodily changes. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. d) mind and spirit Consider This: Core to the many cognitive-behavioral models is the idea that the person is hypervigilant and has an increased awareness of bodily changes. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Module: Somatic Symptom Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q8.2.4 Which of the following personality traits are considered risk factors for developing somatic symptom disorder? a) negative affect, absorption, and alexithymia b) openness, affect lability, and high fear of death Consider This: Individuals who develop somatic symptom disorder tend to have pessimistic outlook, be highly hypnotizable, and have difficulty identifying their feelings. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. c) conscientiousness, narcissism, and affect lability Consider This: Individuals who develop somatic symptom disorder tend to have pessimistic outlook, be highly hypnotizable, and have difficulty identifying their feelings. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. d) extraversion, stoicism, and narcissism Consider This: Individuals who develop somatic symptom disorder tend to have pessimistic 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

outlook, be highly hypnotizable, and have difficulty identifying their feelings. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Module: Somatic Symptom Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q8.2.5 Zack, diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder, is participating in a form of behavioral therapy where his therapist has instructed him to not engage in checking his body as he routinely does and to not seek constant reassurance from others. Zack's therapist is using the technique of __________. a) response prevention b) thought stopping Consider This: This behavioral approach requires people to stop engaging in the behavior they have been using to decrease their anxiety. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. c) behavioral experiment Consider This: This behavioral approach requires people to stop engaging in the behavior they have been using to decrease their anxiety. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. d) imagery-based prevention Consider This: This behavioral approach requires people to stop engaging in the behavior they have been using to decrease their anxiety. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Module: Somatic Symptom Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 8.3: Illness Anxiety Disorder EOM Q8.3.1 When hypochondriasis occurs with no or only very mild physical symptoms, what would be the correct DSM-5 diagnosis? a) illness anxiety disorder b) somatic symptom disorder Consider This: The primary symptom of this condition is a preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious sickness. 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. c) conversion disorder Consider This: The primary symptom of this condition is a preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious sickness. 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and 31 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

somatic symptom disorder. d) body dysmorphic disorder Consider This: The primary symptom of this condition is a preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious sickness. 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. Module: Illness Anxiety Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q8.3.2 For how long must the preoccupation with a real or imagined illness persist before a diagnosis of illness anxiety disorder can be made? a) 1 year Consider This: Remember that in this relatively chronic time period, the illness that is the center of concern may change. 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. b) 6 months c) 3 months Consider This: Remember that in this relatively chronic time period, the illness that is the center of concern may change. 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. d) 1 month Consider This: Remember that in this relatively chronic time period, the illness that is the center of concern may change. 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. Module: Illness Anxiety Disorder Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q8.3.3 Individuals with illness anxiety disorder __________. a) have high anxiety about developing or having an illness; however, if somatic symptoms are present, they are mild in intensity b) develop the disorder after having been treated for a serious or life-threatening illness Consider This: Persons with illness anxiety disorder perform excessive health-related checks for signs of illness and/or may avoid healthcare services such as doctors and hospitals. 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. c) may become suspicious or delusional in their beliefs about the treatment they are receiving Consider This: Persons with illness anxiety disorder perform excessive health-related checks for signs of illness and/or may avoid healthcare services such as doctors and hospitals. 8.3 Identify 32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. d) often come from families where a family member has a long-term debilitating illness Consider This: Persons with illness anxiety disorder perform excessive health-related checks for signs of illness and/or may avoid healthcare services such as doctors and hospitals. 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. Module: Illness Anxiety Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q8.3.4 Which of the following is true for both illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder? a) The average age of onset is 20 years. b) Physical symptoms are absent. Consider This: Although people with somatic symptom disorder tend to visit doctors more frequently, these diagnoses share several key similarities. 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. c) Medical conditions cause many of the observed symptoms. Consider This: Although people with somatic symptom disorder tend to visit doctors more frequently, these diagnoses share several key similarities. 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. d) Patients are often faking their symptoms. Consider This: Although people with somatic symptom disorder tend to visit doctors more frequently, these diagnoses share several key similarities. 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. Module: Illness Anxiety Disorder Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 8.4: Conversion Disorder EOM Q8.4.1 About 20 percent of persons diagnosed with conversion disorder present the symptom of la belle indifference. This term refers to the fact that __________. a) patients exhibit very little anxiety and fear, behaviors that would normally be expected in people with symptoms such as paralysis or blindness b) patients are distressed by the symptoms, so much so that they are unable to talk Consider This: The phenomenon was noted by Freud and others but has become deemphasized in more recent editions of the DSM. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c) many patients presenting with conversion disorder maximize the inconvenience of the symptoms they are experiencing Consider This: The phenomenon was noted by Freud and others but has become deemphasized in more recent editions of the DSM. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. d) secondary gain plays a big role Consider This: The phenomenon was noted by Freud and others but has become deemphasized in more recent editions of the DSM. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Module: Conversion Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q8.4.2 The sensory symptoms or deficits found with persons with conversion disorder are most often found in which of the following sensory systems? a) visual b) vestibular Consider This: The diagnosis of conversion disorder is given because symptoms in the affected area are inconsistent with how known anatomical sensory pathways operate. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. c) olfactory Consider This: The diagnosis of conversion disorder is given because symptoms in the affected area are inconsistent with how known anatomical sensory pathways operate. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. d) gustatory Consider This: The diagnosis of conversion disorder is given because symptoms in the affected area are inconsistent with how known anatomical sensory pathways operate. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Module: Conversion Disorder Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q8.4.3 Connor is able to talk only in a whisper, although he can usually cough in a normal manner. This type of vocal symptom pattern, found with cases of conversion disorder, is referred to as __________. a) aphonia b) alexia Consider This: The disability noted with motor conversion reactions is incomplete in that the 34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

symptoms seem to abate to some degree when the individual needs use of the impaired motor movement. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. c) dysarthria Consider This: The disability noted with motor conversion reactions is incomplete in that the symptoms seem to abate to some degree when the individual needs use of the impaired motor movement. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. d) spasmodic dysphonia Consider This: The disability noted with motor conversion reactions is incomplete in that the symptoms seem to abate to some degree when the individual needs use of the impaired motor movement. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Module: Conversion Disorder Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q8.4.4 Burke et al. (2014) conducted a study involving 10 women with conversion disorder. The findings revealed that when the anesthetic body part was stimulated, there was decreased activation in somatosensory cortex but increased activation in areas such as the anterior cingulate cortex and the insula. These results support the notion that __________. a) sensory areas of the brain may be inhibited by overactive emotion-based processing areas of the brain b) motor areas of the brain are less important as survival mechanisms than are the emotionrelated regions of the brain Consider This: Neuroimaging research may support some of Freud's thinking about the origins of conversion disorder. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. c) biochemical processes associated with conversion disorders may reroute neural messages to other areas of the brain such as emotional processing centers Consider This: Neuroimaging research may support some of Freud's thinking about the origins of conversion disorder. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. d) limbic structures are more involved in sensation and physical movement than previously thought Consider This: Neuroimaging research may support some of Freud's thinking about the origins of conversion disorder. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Module: Conversion Disorder 35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q8.4.5 With conversion disorders, Freud thought that the reduction in anxiety and intrapsychic conflict was __________, but noted that patients often also experienced __________ as well. a) the "primary gain" that maintained the condition; "secondary gain" such as receiving sympathy and attention from loved ones b) "primary gain" that returned the repressed thought to an unconscious level; "tertiary gain" such as having unconscious needs met in new, indirect ways Consider This: Freud felt that repressed anxiety threatened to become conscious, so was unconsciously converted into a bodily disturbance. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. c) under the direction of the superego; energy and influence from the id Consider This: Freud felt that repressed anxiety threatened to become conscious, so was unconsciously converted into a bodily disturbance. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. d) the result of the conversion holding libidinal forces at bay; undefined psychic energy Consider This: Freud felt that repressed anxiety threatened to become conscious, so was unconsciously converted into a bodily disturbance. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Module: Conversion Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 8.5: Factitious Disorder EOM Q8.5.1 Maya, age 32, is irritated that her sister is getting so much attention around her upcoming wedding. In order to get more attention for herself, Maya begins feigning the symptoms of a major illness. She even has herself hospitalized for this phantom sickness. These are symptoms of what psychological disorder? a) factitious disorder b) patient faking disorder Consider This: Maya is using the "sick role" to draw attention to herself. She is not faking her illness to get any tangible external rewards. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. c) somatic symptom disorder Consider This: Maya is using the "sick role" to draw attention to herself. She is not faking her illness to get any tangible external rewards. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. d) illness anxiety disorder 36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Maya is using the "sick role" to draw attention to herself. She is not faking her illness to get any tangible external rewards. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Module: Factitious Disorder Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q8.5.2 When a person intentionally creates his own physical symptoms in order to get some sort of external gain—disability benefits, avoidance of military service, or extended time off from his job—he is demonstrating the symptoms of __________. a) malingering b) Munchausen's syndrome by proxy Consider This: This individual is not motivated by the attention that comes from occupying the "sick role" or the benefits of being the caretaker of a sick child or family member. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. c) factitious disorder Consider This: This individual is not motivated by the attention that comes from occupying the "sick role" or the benefits of being the caretaker of a sick child or family member. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. d) somatic symptom disorder Consider This: This individual is not motivated by the attention that comes from occupying the "sick role" or the benefits of being the caretaker of a sick child or family member. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Module: Factitious Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q8.5.3 Which of the following statements correctly identifies the difference between factitious disorder and malingering? a) In the case of factitious disorder, the person receives no tangible external rewards. With malingering, the person is motivated by external incentives, such as avoiding situations perceived as stressful or personal responsibilities. b) In the case of factitious disorder, the person is motivated by external incentives, such as avoiding situations perceived as stressful or personal responsibilities. With malingering, the person receives no tangible external rewards. Consider This: Identifying the patient's motives helps clarify the differences between malingering and factitious disorder. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. c) Malingering represents unconscious desires that the patient is unaware of. Factitious disorder describes a conscious, deliberate act on the part of the patient to obtain gain. 37 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Identifying the patient's motives helps clarify the differences between malingering and factitious disorder. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. d) Neuroimaging reveals that factitious disorder engages activity in the cingulate gyrus of the brain. Malingering engages activity in the left temporal lobe. Consider This: Identifying the patient's motives helps clarify the differences between malingering and factitious disorder. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Module: Factitious Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q8.5.4 Which of the following responses is more common among people who are malingering compared with people experiencing somatic symptom disorders? a) They become evasive and defensive when asked about their symptoms in detail. b) They talk a lot more about their symptoms to try to convince others that they are real. Consider This: People who are malingering and who have factitious disorder are consciously faking their symptoms. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. c) They believe themselves to be "victims of their symptoms." Consider This: People who are malingering and who have factitious disorder are consciously faking their symptoms. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. d) They are unlikely to be phased by inconsistencies pointed out in their symptoms. Consider This: People who are malingering and who have factitious disorder are consciously faking their symptoms. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Module: Factitious Disorder Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 8.6: Dissociative Disorders: An Overview EOM Q8.6.1 __________ memory refers to stored information that people cannot consciously recall. a) Implicit b) Explicit Consider This: This type of memory involves automatic unconscious processes that occur below the radar of deliberate self-awareness and monitoring. 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. c) Eidetic Consider This: This type of memory involves automatic unconscious processes that occur below the radar of deliberate self-awareness and monitoring. 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative 38 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

disorders. d) Flashbulb Consider This: This type of memory involves automatic unconscious processes that occur below the radar of deliberate self-awareness and monitoring. 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. Module: Dissociative Disorders: An Overview Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q8.6.2 __________ disorders are a group of conditions that involve disruptions in a person's normally integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. a) Dissociative b) Somatic symptom Consider This: Some people with one of these disorders may have an unexplained loss of personal memories, while others may have multiple distinct identities or personality states within them. 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. c) Psychotic Consider This: Some people with one of these disorders may have an unexplained loss of personal memories, while others may have multiple distinct identities or personality states within them. 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. d) Obsessive-compulsive Consider This: Some people with one of these disorders may have an unexplained loss of personal memories, while others may have multiple distinct identities or personality states within them. 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. Module: Dissociative Disorders: An Overview Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q8.6.3 Andrew often cannot remember what went on during his history class. He finds the class boring and daydreams during the lecture. He is so involved in his daydreaming that, frequently, he is unaware when the class has ended and is surprised when he hears classmates leaving the room. Andrew's behavior is an example of __________. a) dissociation b) a conversion reaction Consider This: Disconnecting from what is going on around oneself can be very mild, which is considered normal, and at the extreme is disruptive to overall adjustment to life. 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. c) explicit memory Consider This: Disconnecting from what is going on around oneself can be very mild, which is considered normal, and at the extreme is disruptive to overall adjustment to life. 8.6 List 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. d) abreaction Consider This: Disconnecting from what is going on around oneself can be very mild, which is considered normal, and at the extreme is disruptive to overall adjustment to life. 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. Module: Dissociative Disorders: An Overview Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 8.7: Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder EOM Q8.7.1 In __________, one's sense of the reality of the outside world is lost. a) derealization b) dissociation Consider This: A similar situation occurs when one's sense of one's own self and reality is temporarily lost. 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. c) a fugue Consider This: A similar situation occurs when one's sense of one's own self and reality is temporarily lost. 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. d) personalization Consider This: A similar situation occurs when one's sense of one's own self and reality is temporarily lost. 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. Module: Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q8.7.2 Research finds that people with depersonalization/derealization disorder have an elevated risk of developing one of several other different disorders, including which of the following? a) mood and anxiety disorders b) ADHD Consider This: Feelings of depersonalization often are associated with fear and sadness. 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. c) anorexia nervosa Consider This: Feelings of depersonalization often are associated with fear and sadness. 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. d) dissociative amnesia Consider This: Feelings of depersonalization often are associated with fear and sadness. 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. Module: Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q8.7.3 Stephanie has repeated experiences where she feels she is floating above her physical body. These experiences come on suddenly and leave Stephanie feeling unreal. What Stephanie is experiencing is __________. a) depersonalization b) dissociative identity disorder Consider This: Individuals dealing with these experiences often describe feeling as though they are automatons, operating in a mechanical manner. 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. c) realization Consider This: Individuals dealing with these experiences often describe feeling as though they are automatons, operating in a mechanical manner. 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. d) dissociative amnesia Consider This: Individuals dealing with these experiences often describe feeling as though they are automatons, operating in a mechanical manner. 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. Module: Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q8.7.4 Which of the following most accurately describes research on the prevalence of depersonalization/derealization disorder? a) The lifetime prevalence of depersonalization/derealization disorder is around 1 to 2 percent of the population. b) Depersonalization/derealization disorder occurs more commonly in women than in men. Consider This: Dissociative disorders have not been included in major epidemiological surveys, so prevalence data are estimated and believed to be relatively low. 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. c) Depersonalization/derealization disorder occurs more commonly in men than in women. Consider This: Dissociative disorders have not been included in major epidemiological surveys, so prevalence data are estimated and believed to be relatively low. 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. d) Depersonalization/derealization disorder tends to onset after the age of 65. Consider This: Dissociative disorders have not been included in major epidemiological surveys, 41 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

so prevalence data are estimated and believed to be relatively low. 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. Module: Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 8.8: Dissociative Amnesia EOM Q8.8.1 Which of the following types of memory is typically the only type of memory affected by dissociative amnesic reactions? a) episodic and/or autobiographical memory b) procedural and/or implicit memory Consider This: Persons with dissociative amnesia are unable to recall personal events. 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. c) semantic memory Consider This: Persons with dissociative amnesia are unable to recall personal events. 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. d) short-term memory Consider This: Persons with dissociative amnesia are unable to recall personal events. 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. Module: Dissociative Amnesia Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q8.8.2 Angela's uncle Leo, an accountant, disappeared from his home in Dover, Delaware, after his wife died from a lengthy illness. He was later found working in a casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. When located, Leo had no memory of who he was or how he got to Las Vegas. He had assumed a name, rented an apartment, and managed his daily affairs in Las Vegas without any problems. What diagnosis best fits with Leo's behaviors? a) dissociative fugue b) dissociative identity disorder Consider This: Individuals with this disorder lose their sense of self and flee in response to reallife stressors. 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. c) derealization Consider This: Individuals with this disorder lose their sense of self and flee in response to reallife stressors. 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. d) depersonalization Consider This: Individuals with this disorder lose their sense of self and flee in response to real42 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

life stressors. 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. Module: Dissociative Amnesia Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q8.8.3 Brain-imaging data were evaluated for nine individuals diagnosed with dissociative amnesia. Although the sample size was small, the imaging suggested that, for these diagnosed individuals, there was a __________. a) subtle loss of function in the right anterior hemisphere b) loss in total brain volume with a slight increase in volume of the amygdala Consider This: Brain changes in the nine patients resembled changes noted in individuals with organic memory loss. 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. c) significant functional change in the brain stem Consider This: Brain changes in the nine patients resembled changes noted in individuals with organic memory loss. 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. d) reduced functioning in the temporal region Consider This: Brain changes in the nine patients resembled changes noted in individuals with organic memory loss. 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. Module: Dissociative Amnesia Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 8.9: Dissociative Identity Disorder EOM Q8.9.1 With the general public, the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder (DID) is often confused with the diagnosis of __________ as a result of the use of the phrase "__________." a) schizophrenia; split personality b) schizophrenia; split personality Consider This: Persons with DID do not exhibit behavioral characteristics such as disorganized behavior, hallucinations, or delusions. 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. c) psychopathy; cracked personality Consider This: Persons with DID do not exhibit behavioral characteristics such as disorganized behavior, hallucinations, or delusions. 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. d) paranoid personality disorder; deranged personality Consider This: Persons with DID do not exhibit behavioral characteristics such as disorganized behavior, hallucinations, or delusions. 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Module: Dissociative Identity Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q8.9.2 For individuals with DID, "alters" are not in any meaningful sense personalities but rather reflect __________. a) a failure to integrate various aspects of a person's identity, consciousness, and memory b) negative introjects established in the patient during childhood Consider This: Spiegel argues that with DID, "the problem is not having more than one personality, it is having less than one." 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. c) difficulties that the patient has with distinguishing reality from fantasy Consider This: Spiegel argues that with DID, "the problem is not having more than one personality, it is having less than one." 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. d) characteristics of individuals that may have befriended the patient during childhood Consider This: Spiegel argues that with DID, "the problem is not having more than one personality, it is having less than one." 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Module: Dissociative Identity Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q8.9.3 Lenny's wife, Morgan, has been diagnosed with DID. According to Morgan, she has discovered in therapy that she was abused by her father. Lenny feels Morgan's memories are false memories, and have resulted from leading questions and suggestive techniques used by her psychotherapist. Theoretically, what perspective reflects Lenny's concerns? a) sociocognitive theory b) psychodynamic theory Consider This: This perspective does not view false memory manufacturing as being done intentionally or consciously by the person involved. 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. c) posttraumatic theory Consider This: This perspective does not view false memory manufacturing as being done intentionally or consciously by the person involved. 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. d) neodissociation theory Consider This: This perspective does not view false memory manufacturing as being done 44 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

intentionally or consciously by the person involved. 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Module: Dissociative Identity Disorder Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q8.9.4 Recent studies have compared the behavior of people diagnosed with DID with the behavior of people who are asked (after appropriate training) to simulate DID. Individuals diagnosed with DID differed from simulators in that __________. a) persons with DID showed more cognitive processing problems b) persons with DID were less sensitive to external stimulation such as noises or temperature Consider This: Deficits in performance are apparent on tasks involving recognition of previously seen material, as well as on recall and reaction time tasks. 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. c) persons with DID reported fewer pathological symptoms Consider This: Deficits in performance are apparent on tasks involving recognition of previously seen material, as well as on recall and reaction time tasks. 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. d) the simulators typically presented with more elaborate personalities Consider This: Deficits in performance are apparent on tasks involving recognition of previously seen material, as well as on recall and reaction time tasks. 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Module: Dissociative Identity Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q8.9.5 It has been suggested that some of the increase in the prevalence of DID is artifactual and has occurred because __________. a) therapists looking for evidence of DID in patients may implicitly propose the existence of alternate identities b) neuroimaging techniques are able to verify different brain responses when comparing the host to alter personalities Consider This: Hypnosis has often been used in psychotherapy with DID patients; hypnotized individuals are often more suggestible. 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. c) beginning with the DSM-III in 1980, the diagnostic criteria became more inclusive of symptoms normally attributed to other diagnoses Consider This: Hypnosis has often been used in psychotherapy with DID patients; hypnotized 45 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

individuals are often more suggestible. 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. d) popular movies and books have generated a large interest in the subject of borderline personality disorder Consider This: Hypnosis has often been used in psychotherapy with DID patients; hypnotized individuals are often more suggestible. 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Module: Dissociative Identity Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 8.10: Cultural Factors, Treatments, and Outcomes in Dissociative Disorders EOM Q8.10.1 How are spiritual possessions unique from DID or pathological trances? a) They tend to be volitional, transient, and part of religious or spiritual practices. b) The other identity is experienced as an external spirit, power, or deity. Consider This: Spiritual possessions are not considered pathological. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. c) They occur spontaneously and cause distress. Consider This: Spiritual possessions are not considered pathological. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. d) They are always elicited by indigenous healers. Consider This: Spiritual possessions are not considered pathological. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. Module: Cultural Factors, Treatments, and Outcomes in Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q8.10.2 An important goal of psychotherapy for persons with DID is to __________. a) integrate the patient's personalities into one identity that is better able to cope with current stressors b) enable the patient to release alters and mourn their passing Consider This: Hypnosis is commonly used in treatment to make contact with different identities and establish connections. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. c) assist the patient in acknowledging and accepting past childhood trauma 46 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Hypnosis is commonly used in treatment to make contact with different identities and establish connections. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. d) help the patient eliminate sources of secondary gain that may develop as a result of having alters Consider This: Hypnosis is commonly used in treatment to make contact with different identities and establish connections. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. Module: Cultural Factors, Treatments, and Outcomes in Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q8.10.3 Most current forms of psychotherapy for DID are based on the assumption that the disorder was caused by __________. a) abuse b) a tendency for the patient to engage in an overly active fantasy life Consider This: Posttraumatic theory is central to current psychotherapeutic techniques. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. c) poor treatment techniques administered by therapists lacking in appropriate training Consider This: Posttraumatic theory is central to current psychotherapeutic techniques. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. d) early separation from the mother Consider This: Posttraumatic theory is central to current psychotherapeutic techniques. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. Module: Cultural Factors, Treatments, and Outcomes in Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Chapter Quiz: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders EOC Q8.1 Important to understanding somatic symptom disorders is the fact that the affected patients __________. a) have no control over their symptoms and are not trying to intentionally deceive others b) have no control over their symptoms and are trying to intentionally deceive others Consider This: Most patients afflicted with these disorders genuinely believe something is wrong with their health. 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5category of somatic symptom and related disorders. 47 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c) are overwhelmed by anxiety and are trying to deceive others Consider This: Most patients afflicted with these disorders genuinely believe something is wrong with their health. 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5category of somatic symptom and related disorders. d) have control over their symptoms but are using symptoms as a way of meeting a strong desire to be cared for by others Consider This: Most patients afflicted with these disorders genuinely believe something is wrong with their health. 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5category of somatic symptom and related disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5category of somatic symptom and related disorders. Module: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q8.2 Which of the following best summarizes current understanding about the causes of somatic symptom disorders? a) These symptoms are caused by a hypervigilant focus on bodily sensations and changes, where these sensations are attributed to illness and thus lead to excessive worry and catastrophizing. b) These symptoms are caused by a defense mechanism against unresolved or unacceptable unconscious conflicts. Consider This: Current understanding of the etiology of somatic symptom disorders takes a cognitive-behavioral approach. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. c) These symptoms are caused by medical illnesses. Consider This: Current understanding of the etiology of somatic symptom disorders takes a cognitive-behavioral approach. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. d) These symptoms are caused by extreme negative affect that gets focused on the body. Consider This: Current understanding of the etiology of somatic symptom disorders takes a cognitive-behavioral approach. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Module: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q8.3 One of the major criticisms of the diagnostic criteria of somatic symptom disorder __________. a) is that the new diagnostic criteria appear far too loose and could lead to many people being mislabeled as having a mental health issue b) points out that younger adults will be disproportionately labeled because this population often experiences a range of physical symptoms 48 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: If a person has any physical problem that they find distressing, the diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder is possible. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. c) concerns the possibility that immigrants and members of non-dominant cultural groups will be overdiagnosed Consider This: If a person has any physical problem that they find distressing, the diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder is possible. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. d) focuses on the extensive criteria that must be met in order to be diagnosed Consider This: If a person has any physical problem that they find distressing, the diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder is possible. 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder. Module: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q8.4 When hypochondriasis is accompanied by significant physical symptoms, the DSM-5 diagnosis will be __________. a) somatic symptom disorder b) anxiety disorder Consider This: Review which disorder is accompanied by physical symptoms and which is not accompanied by physical symptoms. 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. c) reaction formation disorder Consider This: Review which disorder is accompanied by physical symptoms and which is not accompanied by physical symptoms. 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. d) conversion disorder Consider This: Review which disorder is accompanied by physical symptoms and which is not accompanied by physical symptoms. 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. Module: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q8.5 Which of the following describes a critique of the decision to group factitious disorders within the somatic symptom and related disorders category in the DSM-5? a) Including a disorder where someone intentionally feigns illness may increase stigma and lack of regard for the seriousness of somatic disorders. 49 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b) Factitious disorder is not a real diagnosis, so it will make others believe that somatic disorders are fake diagnoses, too. Consider This: Individuals with factitious disorder deliberately produce medical and/or psychological symptoms. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. c) Factitious disorder is much more common than other somatic disorders, affecting upward of 10 percent of the population. Consider This: Individuals with factitious disorder deliberately produce medical and/or psychological symptoms. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. d) It is not possible to differentiate factitious disorder from malingering. Consider This: Individuals with factitious disorder deliberately produce medical and/or psychological symptoms. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Module: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q8.6 Conversion disorders are found in approximately __________ of people referred for treatment at neurology clinics. a) 1 percent Consider This: There has been a decrease in the prevalence of conversion disorder; this may be related to our growing sophistication about medical and psychological disorders. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. b) 10 percent Consider This: There has been a decrease in the prevalence of conversion disorder; this may be related to our growing sophistication about medical and psychological disorders. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. c) 5 percent d) 20 percent Consider This: There has been a decrease in the prevalence of conversion disorder; this may be related to our growing sophistication about medical and psychological disorders. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Module: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q8.7 Caroline's daughter Hailey, age 5, has spent much of her life in and out of the hospital. She often presents in the emergency room with complaints of diarrhea, constipation, and generalized abdominal pain. Hailey is thin, pale, and always appears malnourished. Extensive testing in the hospital has revealed no physical cause for Hailey's problems. Caroline seems to enjoy talking with the health care staff and the attention she receives as the mother of a sick child. The staff 50 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

notes that Hailey always recovers quickly and has a rapid weight gain while hospitalized. Some of the staff wonders if Caroline is intentionally making Hailey ill. If it is true that Caroline is intentionally making Hailey ill, which of the following diagnoses would be appropriate for Caroline? a) factitious disorder imposed on another b) reaction formation disorder Consider This: Adults with this disorder appear to be devoted to their child, making it hard for health care providers to suspect that they are the cause of the child's problems. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. c) dissociative disorder Consider This: Adults with this disorder appear to be devoted to their child, making it hard for health care providers to suspect that they are the cause of the child's problems. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. d) somatic symptom disorder Consider This: Adults with this disorder appear to be devoted to their child, making it hard for health care providers to suspect that they are the cause of the child's problems. 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering. Module: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q8.8 Implicit perception can be defined as __________. a) occurring in the absence of awareness b) remembering things one cannot consciously recall Consider This: Much of what we experience is outside of our level of self-awareness and selfmonitoring. 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. c) recall of information with a direct awareness of how the information was learned Consider This: Much of what we experience is outside of our level of self-awareness and selfmonitoring. 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. d) perceiving while being fully aware of previous experiences of that which is being perceived Consider This: Much of what we experience is outside of our level of self-awareness and selfmonitoring. 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders. Module: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q8.9 Matthew has been under significant stress at his job. He is concerned about his well-being because he has episodes at work and home where friends, family, and places seem as though they are unreal or dreamlike. Matthew's reality testing, however, is intact. What DSM symptom best fits with Matthew's experiences? 51 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a) derealization b) dissociative amnesia Consider This: The external world is perceived as strange and new in various ways with this diagnosis. 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. c) personalization Consider This: The external world is perceived as strange and new in various ways with this diagnosis. 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. d) conversion reaction Consider This: The external world is perceived as strange and new in various ways with this diagnosis. 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. Module: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q8.10 Amnesia caused by organic brain pathology is more likely to be classified as __________ amnesia, whereas amnesia that occurs following intolerably stressful circumstances is more likely to be __________ amnesia. a) anterograde; retrograde b) retrograde; anterograde Consider This: In one form of amnesia, forgotten information is there beneath the level of consciousness and can often be retrieved through hypnosis; the other form involves failure to retain new information and experiences. 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. c) posttraumatic; retrograde Consider This: In one form of amnesia, forgotten information is there beneath the level of consciousness and can often be retrieved through hypnosis; the other form involves failure to retain new information and experiences. 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. d) anterograde; posttraumatic Consider This: In one form of amnesia, forgotten information is there beneath the level of consciousness and can often be retrieved through hypnosis; the other form involves failure to retain new information and experiences. 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia. Module: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q8.11 Jessa wakes up one morning unable to see anything . Concerned, he goes to the doctor who is unable to find any medical or neurological condition that would be causing his sudden blindness, 52 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

despite conducting a thorough medical and neurological assessment battery. After talking with Jessa more, his doctor learns that he recently got fired from his job after undergoing a divorce. Which of the following is most likely causing Jessa's symptoms? a) conversion disorder b) hypochondriasis Consider This: This disorder can affect almost any sensory modality. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. c) an underlying medical condition that the doctor missed Consider This: This disorder can affect almost any sensory modality. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. d) factitious disorder Consider This: This disorder can affect almost any sensory modality. 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment. Module: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q8.12 In cases of dissociative identity disorder, the identity that is most frequently encountered and carries the person's real name is called the __________. a) host b) alter Consider This: In most cases, this identity is not the original identity nor is it the best-adjusted identity. 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. c) substitute Consider This: In most cases, this identity is not the original identity nor is it the best-adjusted identity. 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. d) factitious identity Consider This: In most cases, this identity is not the original identity nor is it the best-adjusted identity. 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial. Module: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q8.13 In DSM-5, the diagnostic criteria for DID have been modified to include pathological possession. Which of the following statements can be attributed to this modification? 53 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a) The change makes the diagnosis of DID more inclusive and applicable to a broader range of cultural groups. b) The change enables the clinician to distinguish between spiritual and religious occurrences. Consider This: Pathological possession is a common form of DID in Africa, Asia, and many other non-Western societies. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. c) The inclusion of pathological possession has led some developers of the DSM-5 to be concerned about the validity of this concept. Consider This: Pathological possession is a common form of DID in Africa, Asia, and many other non-Western societies. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. d) The change distinguishes between observed behaviors associated with schizophrenia and those associated with DID. Consider This: Pathological possession is a common form of DID in Africa, Asia, and many other non-Western societies. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. Module: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q8.14 Which of the following best describes the symptoms associated with amok? a) Persons afflicted exhibit violent, aggressive, or homicidal behavior which is directed at other people and objects. b) Afflicted persons fear that their genitals are retracting into their body. Consider This: It occurs mostly in men and is often precipitated by a perceived slight or insult. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. c) Persons afflicted with this syndrome experience visual and auditory hallucinations or paranoia. Consider This: It occurs mostly in men and is often precipitated by a perceived slight or insult. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. d) Afflicted persons feel they have been given a curse believed to be cast by a malevolent glare from another person. Consider This: It occurs mostly in men and is often precipitated by a perceived slight or insult. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. Module: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q8.15 54 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

A promising treatment of dissociative disorders involves administering rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) to the temporoparietal junction, an area of the brain involved in __________. a) the experience of a unified self and body b) executive functions and planning behavior Consider This: Half of the subjects involved in this treatment showed significant reductions in depersonalization. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. c) executive functions and planning behavior Consider This: Half of the subjects involved in this treatment showed significant reductions in depersonalization. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. d) regulation of choice behavior and emotion Consider This: Half of the subjects involved in this treatment showed significant reductions in depersonalization. 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders. Module: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 9: Eating Disorders and Obesity Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Learning Objective

Question Type

Remember the Facts

Introduction

Multiple Choice

1, 2

Understand the Concepts

Apply What You Know

Analyze It

Short Answer Essay 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders.

Multiple Choice

3, 4, 12, 16, 14, 23, 24 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26

Short Answer

5, 6, 7, 10, 13, 8, 9, 11, 15, 17 25

64, 65, 66, 67

Essay 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders.

Multiple Choice

74, 75 30, 34, 38

Short Answer

29, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 40

27, 28, 31 68, 70

Essay 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated.

Multiple Choice

47, 48

Short Answer

42, 43, 44, 45, 46

41, 49

Essay 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem.

Multiple Choice

50, 51, 52

Short Answer

Essay 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity.

Multiple Choice Short Answer

76 54, 55, 57

56 73

53, 58

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Essay 9.6 Explain current treatments Multiple Choice for obesity.

77 59, 60, 61, 62, 63

Short Answer Essay

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 9: Eating Disorders and Obesity MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which country passed a law in 2015 banning excessively thin models, imposing heavy fines and potential jail time for those who hire them? a. Uruguay b. Brazil c. France d. The United States Answer: c Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. Which of the following accounts for the highest morbidity and mortality rates? a. Anorexia nervosa b. Bulimia nervosa c. Binge-eating disorder d. Obesity Answer: d Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3. When was the first documented medical case of anorexia nervosa published? a. 1689 b. 1789 c. 1889 d. 1989 Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Anorexia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 4. Which of the following is a characteristic of the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia? a. Misuse of laxatives 3 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. Avoidance of food intake in the presence of others c. Body weight within normal range d. Strict limitation of food intake Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Anorexia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 5. Anastasia has anorexia nervosa, restricting type. Which of the following behaviors would you expect her to have? a. Self-induced vomiting b. Cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats c. Normal menstrual periods d. Occasional bouts of overeating Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Anorexia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 6. Sheena is 5 feet 6 inches tall and weighs 92 pounds. She is very concerned about her weight. At times, however, she finds herself eating large amounts of food—several boxes of cookies, gallons of ice cream, entire cakes—all in one evening. Afterwards, she makes herself throw up. Sheena’s most likely diagnosis is __________. a. bulimia nervosa, purging type b. anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type c. anorexia nervosa, restricting type d. no disorder Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Anorexia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 7. Which of the following individuals is most at risk for developing an eating disorder? a. Sierra, a lacrosse midfielder b. Barrett, a middleweight wrestler c. Naida, a cross-country skier d. Derrick, a soccer goalie Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. 4 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Anorexia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 8. Which of the following describes a diagnostic criterion for bulimia nervosa? a. Binging and purging an average of twice a week for a two-month period b. Binging and purging an average of once a week for a three-month period c. Binging and purging an average of twice a week for a four-month period d. Binging and purging an average of once a week for a six-month period Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Bulimia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 9. How do you distinguish between the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, purging type? a. The bulimic type involves throwing up, and the anorexic type involves fasting. b. Altered eating and exercise habits result in amenorrhea in the bulimic type only. c. The bulimic type results in more severe health consequences than the anorexic type. d. People with the bulimic type are normal weight; people with the anorexic type are underweight. Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Bulimia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 10. Eloise binges on high-calorie foods and then makes herself throw up. She feels terribly ashamed and horrified by what she does. What would you predict that Eloise will do? a. She will stop making herself throw up because she is ashamed and distressed. b. She will not stop, because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight. c. She will stop because her vomiting is being punished by the feelings of disgust and shame. d. She will not stop, because she has become physiologically addicted to vomiting. Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Bulimia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

11. What is the difference in mindset between people with bulimia and people with anorexia? a. The mindsets are essentially the same. b. The mindsets are very different—people with anorexia eventually become satisfied with their weight loss, and people with bulimia never do. c. The mindsets are very similar—those with bulimia are bothered by other people’s (usually distressed) opinion about them, and those with anorexia are also very concerned, and will do their best to hide their disorder. d. The mindsets are very different—those with anorexia don’t seem bothered by other people’s (usually distressed) opinion about them, while those with bulimia are very concerned and will do their best to hide their disorder. Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Bulimia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 12. Binge-eating disorder __________. a. is an extremely rare variant of bulimia nervosa b. is diagnosed when a person binges and then purges by using laxatives or self-induced vomiting c. cannot be diagnosed if a person is overweight d. involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate “compensatory” behavior to limit weight gain Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Binge-Eating Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 13. Darhma is overweight. She likes to eat cookies and other sugary snacks, and often eats an entire package at one sitting. She is upset by this because she knows how important weight is to health, but she does not engage in inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as the use of laxatives or purging. Which of the following would be a likely diagnosis? a. Anorexia nervosa b. Bulimia nervosa c. Binge-eating disorder d. Purging disorder Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Binge-Eating Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 14. What is unique about binge-eating disorder (BED) when compared to the other eating disorders found in DSM-5? a. Those with BED are commonly of normal body weight. b. The patient age is usually older. c. It develops earlier in life than other eating disorders. d. Few of those with BED develop weight-related health problems. Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Binge-Eating Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 15. In her mid-thirties, Debra became preoccupied with her weight and began dieting and exercising. After losing a substantial amount of weight, she was still unhappy with how she looked and continued to restrict her food intake. After several fainting spells resulting from her low calorie intake, her employer referred her to a clinician who recognized the signs of anorexia nervosa. Which of the following is unique about Debra’s case? a. Eating disorders rarely start during the mid-thirties. b. The likelihood of anorexia being so readily recognized and diagnosed is slim. c. Few women suffer from anorexia exercise. d. A diagnosis of anorexia is rarely made before the condition becomes life-threatening. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Age of Onset and Gender Differences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 16. Which of the following has been identified as a risk factor for eating disorders in men? a. Heterosexuality b. Bicycling c. Homosexuality d. Painting Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Age of Onset and Gender Differences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

17. Poonum is underweight but is not necessarily concerned about her weight. She limits her eating to only cottage cheese and boiled eggs because she is intensely sensitive to the smell of most foods. According to DSM-5, she should be diagnosed with __________. a. anorexia nervosa, binge/purge subtype b. eating disorder not otherwise specified c. binge-eating disorder d. avoidant restrictive food intake disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Age of Onset and Gender Differences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 18. What is the most common eating disorder worldwide? a. Anorexia nervosa b. Bulimia nervosa c. Binge-eating disorder d. Purging disorder Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Prevalence of Eating Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 19. Which of the following is a true statement about the prevalence of eating disorders in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries? a. While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, the incidence of bulimia seems to be declining. b. While there is no evidence to indicate that the incidence of anorexia has been changing, the incidence of bulimia has been declining. c. While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, there is no evidence to suggest a change in the incidence of bulimia. d. While there is no evidence to indicate that the incidence of anorexia has been changing, bulimia appears to be increasing in frequency. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Prevalence of Eating Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 20. Lanugo is __________. a. a soft hair that grows on the body of people with anorexia b. another name for an eating binge 8 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. the term for the stopping of a woman’s menstrual periods d. the lack of concern that people with anorexia show about their condition Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Medical Complications of Eating Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 21. What is a common result of bulimia nervosa? a. Lanugo b. Intolerance to cold c. Brittle hair and nails d. Dental cavities and mouth ulcers Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Medical Complications of Eating Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 22. What is the second most common cause of death from anorexia nervosa? a. Heart attack b. Suicide c. Renal failure d. Choking Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Course and Outcome Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 23. What is the prognosis for anorexia nervosa? a. Relapse rates are high, but recovery can often happen over the long run. b. Most people improve fairly quickly and don’t relapse. c. Anorexia has an excellent recovery rate, but the other disorders don’t. d. The prognosis is extremely poor, with few recovering from it. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Course and Outcome Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 9 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 24. In studies of the long-term outcomes of women treated for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, what was a predictor of poor outcomes? a. Depression b. Presence of a personality disorder c. Substance abuse d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Course and Outcome Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 25. Which of the following complicates the study of personality traits and eating disorders? a. Personality disorders are always seen in those with eating disorders. b. Personality may be altered by malnourishment. c. Eating disorders may merely be a symptom of a personality disorder. d. Both personality disorders and eating disorders are highly subjective diagnostic categories, thus the collection of empirical data is tainted by the nature of the conditions. Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Association of Eating Disorders with Other Forms of Psychopathology Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 26. Rates of eating disorders tend to be much lower in black women than in white women. However, one factor that can increase risk in black women is __________. a. age—younger black women have higher rates of eating disorders than older black women b. assimilation into white culture and middle-class values c. weight—very overweight black women have the same rates of eating disorders as whites do d. whether they are recent immigrants Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Eating Disorders Across Cultures Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.5 Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry. 27. Which of the following is a true statement about the role of genetics as a risk factor for eating disorders? 10 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. While the gene underlying the restrictive type of anorexia nervosa has been identified, the role of genes in the development of other forms of eating disorders is not clear. b. The lack of adoption studies has made it impossible to determine the heritability of eating disorders. c. Due to the complex nature of eating disorders and the probability that multiple genes contribute to their development, a role for genes in such disorders has yet to be established. d. Although the findings to date are mixed, the evidence does indicate that a susceptibility to eating disorders may be inherited, along with a diathesis for other psychological conditions. Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Topic: Biological Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 28. Cynthia Bulik led the most powerful genome-wide association study of anorexia nervosa ever conducted. Which of the following most accurately reflects the study’s results? a. It identified a specific location for anorexia nervosa on chromosome 21. b. There are strong correlations between anorexia nervosa, depression, obsessivecompulsive disorder, and extroversion. c. The correlation between anorexia nervosa and genes is weaker than expected. d. Strong correlations exist between anorexia nervosa and BMI, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, and glucose. Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Topic: Biological Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 29. Set point theory about weight suggests that __________. a. dieting can establish a new set point that stabilizes the near-starvation seen in people with anorexia b. people with anorexia are biologically programmed to be underweight c. the hunger that occurs by being well below one’s set point can trigger binges d. sociocultural factors play very little role in the development of unrealistic body image goals Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Topic: Biological Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

30. A dysfunction in which of the following neurotransmitters has been observed in both anorexics and bulimics? a. Serotonin b. Epinephrine c. GABA d. Dopamine Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Topic: Biological Factors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 31. One of the reasons it is difficult to know if a disruption in the serotonin system causes eating disorders is that __________. a. research has not supported the theory b. people with eating disorders often have depression as well c. serotonin doesn’t seem to have anything to do with appetite or eating behaviors d. after recovery from eating disorders, serotonin levels don’t change Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Topic: Biological Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 32. The influence of television on attitudes toward eating in Fiji demonstrates that __________. a. biological factors play a minimal role in the etiology of eating disorders b. environmental factors can alter societal attitudes such that the risk of developing eating disorders is increased c. definitions of beauty are not changed over time d. there is no relationship between physical standards of beauty and desirable personality traits Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Topic: Sociocultural Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 33. Which of the following is most commonly found in the families of girls with anorexia? a. Parents who are unconventional, dramatic, and antisocial b. Parents who emphasize rules, control, perfectionism, and good physical appearance c. Sibling rivalry that breaks out into physical and verbal aggression d. Children who reduce psychological tension in the family by dominating their parents Answer: b 12 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Topic: Family Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 34. Which of the following is the strongest predictor for a person developing bulimic symptoms? a. The amount of control family tried to exercise over the person b. The degree of overprotectiveness parents displayed c. The amount of marital conflict between parents d. The number of critical comments family members made about the person’s appearance Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Topic: Family Influences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 35. When it comes to comparing their actual body image with the ideal body, __________. a. young men are just as likely as young women to see themselves as too fat b. most young women want a body that is more “curved” than the media-encouraged ideal c. young women often falsely believe that men prefer larger women more than they actually do d. young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Topic: Individual Risk Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 36. A lack of body distortions among the Amish __________. a. provides evidence against a role for sociocultural factors in the development of eating disorders b. indicates that they do not value physical beauty c. suggests that the influence of the Western media is not as great as commonly perceived d. suggests that there should be a low prevalence of eating disorders among them Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Topic: Individual Risk Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.5 Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

37. Which of the following statements best describes trends in actual and ideal weight in young American women? a. While the weight of the average woman is decreasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing even faster. b. While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing. c. While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is increasing even faster. d. The weight of the average woman doesn’t seem to be affected by the average weight of the ideal woman. Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Topic: Individual Risk Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.5 Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry. 38. Which of the following appears to be an enduring personality trait of people who are susceptible to developing an eating disorder? a. Neuroticism b. Perfectionism c. Pessimism d. Individualism Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Topic: Individual Risk Factors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 39. Which of the following individuals is most likely to have behaviors predictive of future binge eating? a. Natalia, who has never dieted but is considering gastric bypass b. Pearl, who was raised by a single mother and is limiting her intake of fats c. Camille, who struggles with low self-esteem and is dieting d. Indira, who is on a low-calorie diet and struggles with ongoing weight gain Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Topic: Individual Risk Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 40. What do affect-regulation models reveal regarding the role that binge eating plays in those with eating disorders? a. Binge eating serves as a distraction from negative feelings. 14 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. Binge eating is a form of control. c. Binge eating is a concrete method for restricting caloric intake. d. Binge eating reveals an individual’s desire for food over the desire for human connection. Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Topic: Individual Risk Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 41. When Hillary’s dentist commented on the damage her practice of vomiting had done to her teeth, she realized she had a problem. After seeing a psychiatrist, Hillary was diagnosed with anorexia, binge-eating/purging subtype. Due to the severity of her condition, her doctor suggested that she be hospitalized. Hillary immediately entered an inpatient treatment program and embraced all aspects of the treatment regimen. What is unique about Hillary’s case? a. Dental problems are not seen in those with anorexia. b. Psychiatrists rarely suggest hospitalization for this type of anorexia. c. Her lack of ambivalence about treatment d. The failure to use outpatient treatment before hospitalization Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Topic: Treatment of Eating Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 42. Which of the following best explains the lack of well-controlled studies on the effectiveness of treatment for anorexia nervosa? a. Few people with anorexia who are in treatment are willing to participate with bulimics. b. Few people with anorexia achieve full remission. c. The high mortality rate with anorexia results in sample sizes that are too small to yield valid conclusions. d. Few people with anorexia are willing to seek treatment, and they are likely to drop out of treatment prematurely. Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Topic: Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 43. Which of the following statements about the treatment of eating disorders is most accurate? a. There are very few options available for the treatment of eating disorders. b. Family support and the patient’s commitment to change are important to lasting recovery. 15 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. There are virtually no situations in which hospitalization is necessary to treat eating disorders. d. Family involvement in treatment tends to undercut the chances of lasting recovery in patients. Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Topic: Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 44. In the treatment of anorexia nervosa, antidepressants __________. a. have proven to be especially helpful b. are used, but they are not especially effective c. are commonly used to stimulate appetite d. have been found to be more effective than most psychological interventions Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Topic: Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 45. Why is family therapy currently being investigated as a treatment for anorexia? a. Family therapy has been found to be the most effective form of therapy for bulimia. b. Healthier family relationships have been found to affect treatment outcomes. c. The well-established role of the family in the development of eating disorders necessitates the involvement of the family in their treatment. d. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and other forms of individual psychotherapy have been found to be ineffective. Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Topic: Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 46. Which of the following best explains why cognitive-behavioral therapy is a logical approach to the treatment of eating disorders? a. It is the therapy of choice for most disorders. b. The role of learning in the development of eating disorders is well-established. c. Medical interventions have proven ineffective. d. Both thoughts and behaviors need to be altered to achieve a lasting outcome. Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Topic: Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa 16 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 47. Family therapy for anorexia appears to be most effective when it is used to treat __________. a. adolescents under the age of 19 b. adults over the age of 21 c. men d. those with comorbid depressive and/or anxiety symptoms Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Topic: Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 48. Which of the following is an effect of antidepressants on symptoms of bulimia nervosa? a. Decreased mood b. Decreased appetite c. Lessened preoccupation with physical appearance d. Increased frequency of binges Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Topic: Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 49. Ginger is suffering from binge-eating disorder. Which of the following is considered the best approach to the treatment of her disorder? a. Psychodynamic psychotherapy b. Behavior therapy c. Mindfulness therapy d. Interpersonal psychotherapy Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Topic: Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 50. In which of the following countries are two-thirds of adults categorized as obese or overweight? a. China b. Japan 17 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. The United Kingdom d. The United States Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. Topic: Medical Issues and Prevalence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 51. Which of the following groups has the highest rate of obesity? a. African American women b. Native American women c. African American men d. Latino men Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. Topic: Medical Issues and Prevalence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 52. All things being equal, which of the following individuals is most likely to be found guilty in a jury trial? a. Jackson, a heavier person who is male b. Genie, a heavier person who is female c. Brock, a leaner person who is male d. Shiloh, a leaner person who is female Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. Topic: Weight Stigma Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 53. Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship between genes and obesity, as understood by current scientific research? a. Twin studies suggest that genes play a minor role in the development of obesity. b. To date, research has shown no specific gene mutation associated with binge eating. c. Research has identified 97 genetic regions associated with body mass index and fat distribution. d. Adoption studies reveal that environmental factors influence obesity much more than genetics. Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Topic: The Role of Genes 18 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 54. Leptin is a hormone that __________, and ghrelin is a hormone that is responsible for __________. a. usually leads to decreased food intake; an increase in hunger b. is not related in any way to obesity; metabolic homeostasis c. helps the body regain its set point; recalibrating the set point d. is an appetite stimulator; appetite suppression Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Topic: Hormones Involved in Appetite and Weight Regulation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 55. After watching cartoons embedded with food advertisements, children eat approximately __________ than they do when watching cartoons without food advertisements. a. 15 percent more b. 20 percent less c. 45 percent more d. 50 percent less Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Topic: Sociocultural Influences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 56. The concept of social contagions relative to obesity suggests that if someone close to us is obese, __________. a. our risk of becoming obese decreases by over 75 percent b. our risk of becoming obese increases by over 55 percent c. our desire to exercise and diet increases by 50 percent d. our desire to exercise and diet decreases by 35 percent Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Topic: Family Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 57. Comfort food __________. 19 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. does nothing physiologically; any effects are due to expectation b. may help reduce activation in the stress response system c. changes the hormonal balance of the body and makes people want to eat more d. affects the brain in such a way as to make it unable to tell when the body is full Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Topic: Stress and “Comfort Food” Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 58. Which of the following scenarios describes a cyclical pathway that can develop and eventually lead to obesity? a. A child stops eating because of low self-esteem, becomes anorexic, and then is successfully treated but still has negative feelings about her- or himself. b. A thin child eats normally but is teased about his or her weight and begins to diet. c. A child eats because of feelings of depression and low self-esteem, gains weight, is rejected by peers, binges, and continues to gain weight. d. A thin child binges because of depression and low self-esteem, purges and feels better, then feels safe to binge again, eating more later. Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Topic: Pathways to Obesity Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 59. Which of the following could help correct the current trend toward obesity in American society? a. Genes for obesity could become more prevalent in the general population. b. Underfeeding children so they will not develop fat cells c. The adoption of healthier lifestyles d. Increase the popularity of dieting Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity Topic: Lifestyle Modifications Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 60. Orlistat, which works by interfering with the absorption of fat, __________. a. works very well for obesity b. works very well for extreme obesity but not regular obesity c. works modestly well for obesity d. has had uncertain results Answer: c 20 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity Topic: Medications Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 61. Gastric bypass surgery makes it __________. a. possible to binge and not gain weight b. slightly more likely that people will lose weight c. impossible to regain weight once it is lost d. impossible to binge eat, but still possible to regain weight Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity Topic: Bariatric Surgery Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 62. Bariatric surgery is one option for people who are morbidly obese (more than 100 pounds overweight). After bariatric surgery, average weight loss is about __________ pounds. a. 98 to 110 b. 88 to 101 c. 76 to 94 d. 44 to 88 Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity Topic: Bariatric Surgery Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 63. What characteristic in a large Finnish study was the greatest predictor of childhood obesity? a. Eating breakfast every morning b. Low socioeconomic status c. Watching cartoons before school d. Having an obese parent Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity Topic: The Importance of Prevention Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.5 Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

SHORT ANSWER 64. Why is the term “anorexia nervosa” a misnomer? Answer: The term “anorexia nervosa” literally means a lack of appetite induced by nervousness. An individual with anorexia nervosa does not lack an appetite. The true problem with the anorexic is a fear of gaining weight, which leads to not eating, as opposed to a true lack of desire for food. Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Anorexia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 65. What most clearly separates the anorexic from the bulimic? Answer: While the binge-eating/purging anorexic and the bulimic may share many features, the clear factor that distinguishes the two is below-normal weight, a defining feature of anorexia. Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Bulimia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 66. What are the differences between binge-eating disorder and bulimia nervosa? Answer: People with binge-eating disorder have food binges like people with bulimia do, but they don’t have any compensatory behaviors. They don’t restrict their diet between binges as much as people with bulimia do. People with binge-eating disorder tend to be older than people with bulimia and are more likely to be overweight or obese. Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Binge-Eating Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 67. What other diagnosable psychiatric conditions are associated with eating disorders? Answer: Research finds that over 68 percent of patients with bulimia nervosa and nearly 50 percent of those diagnosed with binge-eating disorder are also diagnosed with depression, and those with either bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa often have obsessive-compulsive disorder. Further, substance abuse is often found in those with eating disorders. Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Association of Eating Disorders with Other Forms of Psychopathology Difficulty Level: Moderate 22 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 68. There is evidence of serotonergic abnormalities in anorexics and bulimics. Can it be concluded that a dysfunction in the serotonin system underlies these eating disorders? Why or why not? Answer: Although altered serotonergic levels have been observed in individuals with eating disorders, causal conclusions cannot be made. Changes in neurochemical function may be a cause and/or consequence of the psychological disorder. In order to conclude that altered serotonin function plays a causal role in eating disorders, changes in serotonergic function would need to be observed prior to the development of the eating disorder. Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Topic: Biological Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 69. How does the set point impact eating disorders? Answer: This is the tendency of the body to resist variation from a biologically determined set point. As someone loses weight, hunger rises and can trigger strong impulses to binge. Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Topic: Biological Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 70. Why is dieting a risk factor for the development of eating disorders? Answer: The desire to diet suggests that there is some body dissatisfaction, a clear risk factor for the development of an eating disorder. In addition, the practice of dieting increases the likelihood of overeating, as caloric restriction leads to hunger. When the dieter gives in to temptation, this is likely to lead to negative affect. Resumed dieting then continues this pattern, which may then evolve into any one of the recognized eating disorders. As research has demonstrated, going on a diet may actually make us eat more and, as a consequence, make us feel worse about ourselves, leading to even more problematic eating patterns. Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Topic: Individual Risk Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 71. What medications are commonly used in the treatment of bulimia nervosa? What evidence is there that medications are beneficial in treating this condition?

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: Antidepressants are commonly used, alone or, ideally, in addition to cognitivebehavioral therapy. Many patients with bulimia also suffer from mood disorders. In addition to the potential beneficial effects of antidepressants on mood, they have also been shown to decrease both the frequency of binges and the typical preoccupation with body shape and weight that is characteristic of those with bulimia. Learning Objective: 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Topic: Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 72. How does DSM-5 categorize obesity? Answer: Obesity is categorized as an addiction; specifically, a “food addiction.” Additional research suggests that obesity and addiction may be the result of a brain disorder, in regions that are involved in motivation, reward, and inhibition. Learning Objective: 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. Topic: Obesity and the DSM Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 73. What is leptin and how does it influence appetite and weight? Answer: Leptin is a hormone that is produced by fat cells. It acts to reduce food intake. An increase in body fat leads to an increase in leptin, which in turn leads to a decrease in food intake. However, overweight people are generally resistant to the effects of leptin. Learning Objective: 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Topic: Hormones Involved in Appetite and Weight Regulation Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. ESSAY 74. Summarize the specific factors that place males at risk for developing eating disorders? Answer: One established risk factor for eating disorders in men is homosexuality. Gay and bisexual men have higher rates of eating disorders than heterosexual men do. Gay men (like heterosexual men) value attractiveness and youth in their romantic partners. Because gay men (like women) are seeking to be sexually attractive to men, body dissatisfaction may therefore be more of an issue for gay men than it is for heterosexual men. In support of this idea, Smith and colleagues found that gay men were more dissatisfied with their bodies and had higher levels of disordered eating than heterosexual men did. Moreover, gay men tended to believe that a potential mate would want them to be leaner than they themselves wanted to 24 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

be. Other specific subgroups of men who are at higher risk of eating disorders are wrestlers and jockeys, who need to “make weight” in order to compete or work. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 5 for each factor. Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Age of Onset and Gender Differences Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 75. Compare and contrast the risk of suicide in anorexia and bulimia. Answer: Medical complications are the number one cause of death in those who suffer from anorexia nervosa; the second most common cause of death is suicide. Recent estimates suggest that one out of five deaths in individuals with anorexia nervosa is the result of suicide. Somewhere between 3 and 23 percent of patients with anorexia will make a suicide attempt, and rates of completed suicide are 50 times greater than they are in the general population. It has been suggested that patients who have lost their ability to maintain an “emotionally protective” low body weight are at particularly high risk of suicide. Patients who are older when they first receive clinical attention for their disorder are also more likely to have a premature death. Bulimia nervosa is not associated with increased risk of completed suicide, although suicide attempts are made in 25 to 30 percent of cases. GRADING RUBRIC: 8 points total, 4 points for each of two factors discussed. Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Topic: Course and Outcome Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 76. Explain how an individual who is overweight or obese is stigmatized by others and how this treatment impacts the individual. Answer: Being overweight or obese often comes with a steep social price that includes harsh judgment, ridicule, bullying, discrimination, and stigmatization. The media celebrates thinness and regularly portrays obese characters in a negative light—uncontrolled, impulsive, and unable to find a romantic partner. Juror perceptions find male jurors are much more likely to find obese female defendants guilty. Even health care professionals, such as physicians, characterize obese patients as lazy, unattractive, and noncompliant. Clearly, false accusations as to the character of the individual, rather than consideration of factors such as biology or genes, are short-sighted and emotionally painful for the obese individual. Learning Objective: 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. Topic: Weight Stigma Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.5 Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

77. Mika and Donnie are combing through research, looking at the correlation between stress and eating behaviors. What will they find in studies researching rats and “comfort food”? Answer: Like many humans, rats under chronic stress selected high fat and sugar diets. They gained weight in their bellies and became calmer in the face of new, acute stress. People may eat in response to aversive emotional states as well, and experience the same calming effect. This shows that learning is involved, as well as biochemical effects. Eating in response to emotional cues is reinforced because tension is reduced, leading to an increased likelihood of eating in response to those cues later on. GRADING RUBRIC: 6 points total, 2 for rat behavior description, 2 each for implications in humans. Learning Objective: 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Topic: Sociocultural Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module Quiz 9.1: Clinical Aspects of Eating Disorders EOM Q9.1.1 __________, a criterion used in the DSM-IV for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, was eliminated as a diagnostic feature in the DSM-5 as it could not be used as a criterion for males, prepubescent girls, or with women using hormonal contraceptives. a) Amenorrhea b) Cessation of ovulation Consider This: Psychologically, little difference was noted between women with anorexia nervosa who had this symptom and those who did not. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. c) Idiopathic hypoglycemia Consider This: Psychologically, little difference was noted between women with anorexia nervosa who had this symptom and those who did not. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. d) Pheochromocytoma Consider This: Psychologically, little difference was noted between women with anorexia nervosa who had this symptom and those who did not. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Module: Clinical Aspects of Eating Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q9.1.2 Sarah sometimes engages in binge-purge cycles with her consumption of food. She is also severely underweight. Which diagnosis is most likely appropriate for her? a) anorexia nervosa b) bulimia nervosa Consider This: The severe weight loss symptom is key to choosing the correct diagnosis. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. c) a dual diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa Consider This: The severe weight loss symptom is key to choosing the correct diagnosis. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. d) a diagnosis stating co-existing disorders of bulimia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder Consider This: The severe weight loss symptom is key to choosing the correct diagnosis. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Answer: a 27 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Module: Clinical Aspects of Eating Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q9.1.3 Which form of eating disorder is often admired by others with eating disorders? a) restrictive type anorexia nervosa b) binge-purge type anorexia nervosa Consider This: Case histories reveal that some patients with eating disorders may regard death by starvation as a hallmark of success. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. c) purging type bulimia nervosa Consider This: Case histories reveal that some patients with eating disorders may regard death by starvation as a hallmark of success. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. d) restrictive type bulimia nervosa Consider This: Case histories reveal that some patients with eating disorders may regard death by starvation as a hallmark of success. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Module: Clinical Aspects of Eating Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q9.1.4 Although there are similarities between bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder (BED), one feature distinguishes the two. Individuals with __________. a) BED do not engage in compensatory behaviors after binging; those with bulimia nervosa do b) bulimia nervosa do not engage in compensatory behaviors after binging; those with BED do Consider This: These types of behaviors can include purging, using laxatives, or exercising to limit weight gain. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. c) BED typically are also diagnosed with depression; those with bulimia nervosa are not Consider This: These types of behaviors can include purging, using laxatives, or exercising to limit weight gain. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. d) bulimia nervosa typically are also diagnosed with depression; those with BED are not Consider This: These types of behaviors can include purging, using laxatives, or exercising to limit weight gain. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Module: Clinical Aspects of Eating Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q9.1.5 Which of the following groups is most at risk for developing bulimia nervosa? a) women age 21 to 24 years b) women age 16 to 20 years 28 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Recent estimates suggest that there is a ratio of 3 to 1 between genders for an eating disorder diagnosis. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. c) men age 16 to 20 years Consider This: Recent estimates suggest that there is a ratio of 3 to 1 between genders for an eating disorder diagnosis. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. d) men age 21 to 24 years Consider This: Recent estimates suggest that there is a ratio of 3 to 1 between genders for an eating disorder diagnosis. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Module: Clinical Aspects of Eating Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 9.2: Risk and Causal Factors in Eating Disorders EOM Q9.2.1 Which of the following disorders is more likely to occur in relatives of people suffering from bulimia nervosa? a) alcohol dependence b) obsessive-compulsive disorder Consider This: High rates of major depressive disorder have been noted in relatives of patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. c) schizophrenia Consider This: High rates of major depressive disorder have been noted in relatives of patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. d) panic disorder Consider This: High rates of major depressive disorder have been noted in relatives of patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Module: Risk and Causal Factors in Eating Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q9.2.2 Animal studies have demonstrated that lesions in a part of the hypothalamus called the ventromedial hypothalamus will cause the animal to __________. a) eat voraciously and rapidly become obese b) lose appetite and become extremely underweight Consider This: Lesions to the lateral hypothalamus will precipitate changes in feeding behavior that is opposite of what is observed with lesions to the ventromedial hypothalamus. 9.2 Explain 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. c) exhibit excessive physical movement Consider This: Lesions to the lateral hypothalamus will precipitate changes in feeding behavior that is opposite of what is observed with lesions to the ventromedial hypothalamus. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. d) become lethargic and, over time, become obese Consider This: Lesions to the lateral hypothalamus will precipitate changes in feeding behavior that is opposite of what is observed with lesions to the ventromedial hypothalamus. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Module: Risk and Causal Factors in Eating Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q9.2.3 What essential amino acid is serotonin made from? a) tryptophan b) histidine Consider This: The amino acid in question can only be obtained from food. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. c) lysine Consider This: The amino acid in question can only be obtained from food. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. d) phenylalanine Consider This: The amino acid in question can only be obtained from food. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Module: Risk and Causal Factors in Eating Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q9.2.4 One theory proposes that __________ food is/are heightened among people who engage in binge eating and lowered among people who engage in restrictive eating. a) reward sensitivity toward b) obsession with Consider This: Unlike damage to the hypothalamus, which does not appear linked to a specific eating disorder, the frontal and temporal cortex appear more directly related to behaviors associated with eating disorders. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. c) fear of Consider This: Unlike damage to the hypothalamus, which does not appear linked to a specific eating disorder, the frontal and temporal cortex appear more directly related to behaviors associated with eating disorders. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. d) fear of 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Unlike damage to the hypothalamus, which does not appear linked to a specific eating disorder, the frontal and temporal cortex appear more directly related to behaviors associated with eating disorders. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Module: Risk and Causal Factors in Eating Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q9.2.5 Which of the following is a risk factor for disordered eating for men but not for women? a) sexual orientation b) perfectionism Consider This: Think of a factor where physical appearance may be emphasized with males but not necessarily with females. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. c) body dissatisfaction Consider This: Think of a factor where physical appearance may be emphasized with males but not necessarily with females. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. d) participation in competitive athletics Consider This: Think of a factor where physical appearance may be emphasized with males but not necessarily with females. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Module: Risk and Causal Factors in Eating Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 9.3: Treatment of Eating Disorders EOM Q9.3.1 The Maudsley model is a 10- to 20-session family therapy program for adolescents with anorexia nervosa that consists of three phases. Which of the following describes the focus of the second phase? a) Family issues are addressed and there are negotiations for a new pattern of relationships among family members. b) The therapist supports the parents as they help their child to eat healthily. Consider This: The second phase begins after the patient starts to gain weight. 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. c) The adolescent is encouraged to build relationships outside of the family and to integrate these relationships into family life. Consider This: The second phase begins after the patient starts to gain weight. 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. d) The focus of therapy is on the development of healthier relationships between the patient and parents. Consider This: The second phase begins after the patient starts to gain weight. 9.3 Discuss how 31 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

eating disorders are treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Module: Treatment of Eating Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q9.3.2 Pike and colleagues (2003) treated 33 women who had been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Of the women treated, only 17 percent fully recovered. The limited success of CBT for patients with anorexia nervosa may be due to __________. a) the extreme cognitive rigidity that is characteristic of those with anorexia nervosa b) the strong influence of media on the women's sense of body image that may have affected treatment effectiveness Consider This: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) involves changing behavior and maladaptive styles of thinking. 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. c) the strong influence of media on the women's sense of body image that may have affected treatment effectiveness Consider This: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) involves changing behavior and maladaptive styles of thinking. 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. d) a lack of family and friend support in the social networks of the affected women Consider This: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) involves changing behavior and maladaptive styles of thinking. 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Module: Treatment of Eating Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q9.3.3 What kind of medication is commonly used to treat bulimia nervosa? a) antidepressants b) anti-anxiety Consider This: Researchers became interested in using these medications after it became clear that many patients with bulimia nervosa also suffer from mood disorders. 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. c) neuroleptics Consider This: Researchers became interested in using these medications after it became clear that many patients with bulimia nervosa also suffer from mood disorders. 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. d) anticonvulsants Consider This: Researchers became interested in using these medications after it became clear that many patients with bulimia nervosa also suffer from mood disorders. 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Answer: a 32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Module: Treatment of Eating Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 9.4: The Problem of Obesity EOM Q9.4.1 Which gender and ethnic group has the highest levels of obesity? a) African American women b) Latino women Consider This: This is the highest rate of obesity found for any group. 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. c) Asian men Consider This: This is the highest rate of obesity found for any group. 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. d) white men Consider This: This is the highest rate of obesity found for any group. 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. Module: The Problem of Obesity Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q9.4.2 Tara has a BMI of 40. Persons with this BMI are considered to be __________. a) morbidly obese b) mildly obese Consider This: BMI is a measure of a person's weight relative to height. 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. c) overweight Consider This: BMI is a measure of a person's weight relative to height. 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. d) of normal weight Consider This: BMI is a measure of a person's weight relative to height. 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. Module: The Problem of Obesity Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q9.4.3 What percentage of the U.S. population is of normal or healthy weight? 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a) less than one-third b) less than one-quarter Consider This: Obese and overweight both reflect an unhealthy weight. What percentage of Americans fall in either of these categories? 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. c) less than two-thirds Consider This: Obese and overweight both reflect an unhealthy weight. What percentage of Americans fall in either of these categories? 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. d) less than one half Consider This: Obese and overweight both reflect an unhealthy weight. What percentage of Americans fall in either of these categories? 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. Module: The Problem of Obesity Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 9.5: Risk and Causal Factors in Obesity EOM Q9.5.1 __________ is a hormone that informs the central nervous system about the status of the body's fat reserves. a) Leptin b) Oxytocin Consider This: This hormone is produced by fat cells. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. c) Ghrelin Consider This: This hormone is produced by fat cells. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. d) Cortisol Consider This: This hormone is produced by fat cells. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Module: Risk and Causal Factors in Obesity Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q9.5.2 Prader-Willi syndrome is caused by __________, which causes the levels of __________ in the body to be high. a) a chromosomal abnormality; grehlin b) a chromosomal abnormality; leptin 34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome are extremely obese and often die before age 30 from obesity-related causes. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. c) deficiencies in the amino acid tryptophan; leptin Consider This: Individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome are extremely obese and often die before age 30 from obesity-related causes. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. d) deficiencies in the amino acid tryptophan; grehlin Consider This: Individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome are extremely obese and often die before age 30 from obesity-related causes. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Module: Risk and Causal Factors in Obesity Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q9.5.3 When people are given free access to food, the amount eaten each day is around __________ of what they actually need for their energy requirements. a) 150 percent b) 110 percent Consider This: Think about the amount of food the typical person takes from an all-you-can-eat food bar. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. c) 90 percent Consider This: Think about the amount of food the typical person takes from an all-you-can-eat food bar. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. d) 75 percent Consider This: Think about the amount of food the typical person takes from an all-you-can-eat food bar. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Module: Risk and Causal Factors in Obesity Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q9.5.4 Which kind of food would you expect to be most addictive? a) cheesecake b) licorice Consider This: Most naturally occurring foods tend to be high in sugar or fat. The most addictive kinds of food (manufactured) tend to contain high levels of both. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. c) hamburgers Consider This: Most naturally occurring foods tend to be high in sugar or fat. The most addictive kinds of food (manufactured) tend to contain high levels of both. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. d) pizza Consider This: Most naturally occurring foods tend to be high in sugar or fat. The most addictive 35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

kinds of food (manufactured) tend to contain high levels of both. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Module: Risk and Causal Factors in Obesity Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult End of Module Quiz 9.6: Treatment of Obesity EOM Q9.6.1 Susan is morbidly obese and is assessing options for weight loss treatment. Her physician recommends __________ because this option is considered to be the most effective long-term treatment for morbidly obese persons. a) bariatric surgery b) the Weight Watchers program Consider This: This treatment results in weight loss averaging between 44 and 88 pounds. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. c) the medication Orlistat (Xenical) Consider This: This treatment results in weight loss averaging between 44 and 88 pounds. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. d) behavior therapy Consider This: This treatment results in weight loss averaging between 44 and 88 pounds. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. Module: Treatment of Obesity Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q9.6.2 Babies who sleep __________ are more likely to be __________ at age 3. a) less than 12 hours a day; overweight b) more than 12 hours a day; obese Consider This: Adults are encouraged to sleep more as an aid in weight management. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. c) less than 9 hours a day; underweight Consider This: Adults are encouraged to sleep more as an aid in weight management. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. d) between 9 and 12 hours a day; of normal weight Consider This: Adults are encouraged to sleep more as an aid in weight management. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. Module: Treatment of Obesity 36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q9.6.3 Taylor is overweight and is currently involved in a lifestyle management program to reduce her weight. According to research, what sustained weight loss is typical for persons such as Taylor, who are using a lifestyle management approach? a) 3 pounds Consider This: The amount of sustained weight loss is not dramatic. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. b) 5 pounds Consider This: The amount of sustained weight loss is not dramatic. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. c) 7 pounds d) 9 pounds Consider This: The amount of sustained weight loss is not dramatic. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. Module: Treatment of Obesity Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q9.6.4 The weight loss medication, Orlistat, works by __________. a) reducing the amount of fat that can be absorbed once it enters the gut b) targeting serotonin and other neurotransmitters Consider This: Several weight loss medications have been approved by the FDA for use in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. c) reducing appetite by causing nausea Consider This: Several weight loss medications have been approved by the FDA for use in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. d) boosting metabolic rates, causing rapid weight loss Consider This: Several weight loss medications have been approved by the FDA for use in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. Module: Treatment of Obesity Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Chapter Quiz: Eating Disorders and Obesity EOC Q9.1 The term anorexia nervosa, which literally means "lack of appetite induced by nervousness," is a 37 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

somewhat of a misnomer because __________. a) a lack of appetite is not the core issue for individuals with anorexia nervosa, and individuals with anorexia nervosa may not even experience a lack of appetite b) individuals with anorexia nervosa often exhibit high energy levels that are misidentified as nervousness Consider This: Central to anorexia nervosa is a relentless pursuit of thinness involving behaviors that result in significantly lower body weight. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. c) most people with anorexia nervosa report having a voracious appetite, not a lack of appetite Consider This: Central to anorexia nervosa is a relentless pursuit of thinness involving behaviors that result in significantly lower body weight. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. d) very few people with anorexia nervosa report significant anxiety or nervousness Consider This: Central to anorexia nervosa is a relentless pursuit of thinness involving behaviors that result in significantly lower body weight. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Module: Eating Disorders and Obesity Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q9.2 Eating disorders, particularly anorexia, have been noted with children as young as age __________. a) 5 Consider This: The average age of onset is different for individuals with anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. b) 7 c) 9 Consider This: The average age of onset is different for individuals with anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. d) 11 Consider This: The average age of onset is different for individuals with anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Module: Eating Disorders and Obesity Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q9.3 Which of the following is a consequence of the focus on weight and shape concerns, and particularly thinness, in the diagnosis of eating disorders? a) This may contribute to more women than men receiving eating disorder diagnoses. b) This may contribute to psychologists overlooking other key symptoms, like amenorrhea. Consider This: Some individuals with eating disorders may be more preoccupied with muscularity than thinness. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. c) This may paradoxically cause women diagnosed with eating disorders to care more about 38 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

thinness. Consider This: Some individuals with eating disorders may be more preoccupied with muscularity than thinness. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. d) This may lead younger people to be more likely to be diagnosed with an eating disorder than older people. Consider This: Some individuals with eating disorders may be more preoccupied with muscularity than thinness. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Module: Eating Disorders and Obesity Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q9.4 Although binge-eating disorder and bulimia nervosa share a lot of the same symptomatology, there is one significant difference. Persons with __________. a) binge-eating disorder are less likely to utilize "compensatory" strategies such as purging or using laxatives than are persons with bulimia nervosa b) binge-eating disorder are more likely to engage in self injury than are persons with bulimia nervosa Consider This: Binge eating is associated with being overweight or obese. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. c) bulimia nervosa are less likely to utilize "compensatory" strategies such as purging or using laxatives than are persons with binge-eating disorder Consider This: Binge eating is associated with being overweight or obese. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. d) bulimia nervosa are more likely to engage in dietary restraint than are persons with bingeeating disorder Consider This: Binge eating is associated with being overweight or obese. 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders. Module: Eating Disorders and Obesity Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q9.5 Which of the following best summarizes research findings on 5-HIAA, a major metabolite of serotonin, in eating disorders? a) Levels of 5-HIAA are low in people with current diagnoses of anorexia nervosa and normal in people with current diagnoses of bulimia nervosa. However, during recovery, levels of 5-HIAA are higher in people with a history of both diagnoses. b) Levels of 5-HIAA are low in people with current diagnoses of anorexia nervosa and high in people with current diagnoses of bulimia nervosa. However, during recovery, levels of 5-HIAA are higher in people with a history of both diagnoses. Consider This: Tryptophan, which can only be obtained from food, is converted to serotonin. 9.2 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. c) Levels of 5-HIAA are low in people with current diagnoses of both anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa. However, during recovery, levels of 5-HIAA are higher in people with a history of both diagnoses. Consider This: Tryptophan, which can only be obtained from food, is converted to serotonin. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. d) Levels of 5-HIAA are low in people with current diagnoses of anorexia nervosa and normal in people with current diagnoses of bulimia nervosa. However, during recovery, levels of 5-HIAA are normal in people with a history of both diagnoses. Consider This: Tryptophan, which can only be obtained from food, is converted to serotonin. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Module: Eating Disorders and Obesity Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q9.6 If a researcher were to electrically stimulate the VMH (a part of the __________) of a rat, you would expect food intake to be inhibited and the rat to lose weight. a) hypothalamus b) hippocampus Consider This: Research suggests that this area of the brain "senses" weight and maintains balance between satiety and hunger. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. c) amygdala Consider This: Research suggests that this area of the brain "senses" weight and maintains balance between satiety and hunger. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. d) cingulate gyrus Consider This: Research suggests that this area of the brain "senses" weight and maintains balance between satiety and hunger. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Module: Eating Disorders and Obesity Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q9.7 Which eating disorder is most commonly found in males? a) binge-eating disorder b) restricting type anorexia nervosa Consider This: All other eating disorders are more common in women than men. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. c) binge-eating/purging type anorexia nervosa Consider This: All other eating disorders are more common in women than men. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. d) bulimia nervosa 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: All other eating disorders are more common in women than men. 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders. Module: Eating Disorders and Obesity Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q9.8 Ashley, age 15, has anorexia. __________ is considered the treatment of choice for young women of her age. The Maudsley model, the best-studied approach to this form of treatment, blames __________ for the anorexia nervosa. a) Family therapy; neither parents nor the child b) Long-term cognitive-behavioral therapy; neither parents nor the child Consider This: RCTs suggest that this treatment results in better patient outcomes than individual therapy. 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. c) Group therapy; parents of the child Consider This: RCTs suggest that this treatment results in better patient outcomes than individual therapy. 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. d) Medication; the child Consider This: RCTs suggest that this treatment results in better patient outcomes than individual therapy. 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Module: Eating Disorders and Obesity Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q9.9 In the treatment of adults with anorexia, __________. a) there is no leading effective treatment b) group therapy appears most promising Consider This: A range of treatment options may offer promise in the treatment of adults. 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. c) family therapy appears to be least effective Consider This: A range of treatment options may offer promise in the treatment of adults. 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. d) inpatient treatment tends to exacerbate hostility and feelings of helplessness Consider This: A range of treatment options may offer promise in the treatment of adults. 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated. Module: Eating Disorders and Obesity Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q9.10 Connor participated in a simulated jury study where he was asked to read a case vignette and then look at mug shots of two men and two women who were either thin or obese. He was asked to rate the guilt of each of these 4 individuals on a scale of 1 to 5. Based on a previous study, which of the individuals was he most likely to give the highest rating of guilt? a) the obese woman b) the obese man Consider This: People tend to exhibit biases toward others based on weight. 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. c) the thin woman Consider This: People tend to exhibit biases toward others based on weight. 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. d) the thin man Consider This: People tend to exhibit biases toward others based on weight. 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. Module: Eating Disorders and Obesity Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q9.11 A person with a BMI of 27 would be considered __________. a) overweight b) normal Consider This: BMI is the measure of a person's weight relative to height; BMI scores are assigned to one of five categories. 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. c) underweight Consider This: BMI is the measure of a person's weight relative to height; BMI scores are assigned to one of five categories. 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. d) obese Consider This: BMI is the measure of a person's weight relative to height; BMI scores are assigned to one of five categories. 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem. Module: Eating Disorders and Obesity Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q9.12 Historically, population groups that were most susceptible to starvation are people who are __________. a) more likely to become obese when they have a sedentary lifestyle and a Western diet b) likely to maintain a low body weight when they are physically active and have an Eastern diet Consider This: Genes that may have been adaptive to survival in the past may impact contemporary people in ways that are not necessarily adaptive. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk 42 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

for obesity. c) less likely to become obese when they have a high carbohydrate diet and are physically active Consider This: Genes that may have been adaptive to survival in the past may impact contemporary people in ways that are not necessarily adaptive. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. d) not likely to become obese when they have a sedentary lifestyle and a Western diet Consider This: Genes that may have been adaptive to survival in the past may impact contemporary people in ways that are not necessarily adaptive. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Module: Eating Disorders and Obesity Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q9.13 What brain changes were noted in the research with rats that were provided extended access to high-fat and high-sugar foods? a) The rats exhibited a downregulation of activity in their brain reward circuits. b) The rats exhibited a downregulation of activity in their brain reward circuits. Consider This: Changes in brain processes may trigger an addictive process. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. c) Brain scans of the rats revealed a decrease in frontal lobe activity. Consider This: Changes in brain processes may trigger an addictive process. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. d) The rats exhibited an upregulation of activity in their brain reward circuits. Consider This: Changes in brain processes may trigger an addictive process. 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity. Module: Eating Disorders and Obesity Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q9.14 Taking an FDA approved drug to help with weight loss will most likely lead to __________. a) some weight loss, but less than hoped b) no change in weight Consider This: Several medications, each targeting different mechanisms, have been approved by the FDA for weight loss. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. c) major weight loss that persists over time Consider This: Several medications, each targeting different mechanisms, have been approved by the FDA for weight loss. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. d) major side effects Consider This: Several medications, each targeting different mechanisms, have been approved by the FDA for weight loss. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. Module: Eating Disorders and Obesity Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q9.15 Which of the following is likely to occur when the body goes into "starvation mode"? a) The metabolic rate slows and the individual feels less full after eating. b) The individual is more likely to seek out foods high in carbohydrates. Consider This: When the body's set point weight changes, it responds with metabolic and hormonal adjustments. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. c) Most people tend to become more physically active. Consider This: When the body's set point weight changes, it responds with metabolic and hormonal adjustments. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. d) The metabolic rate increases in order to motivate the individual to seek out food. Consider This: When the body's set point weight changes, it responds with metabolic and hormonal adjustments. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. Consider This: Several medications, each targeting different mechanisms, have been approved by the FDA for weight loss. 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity. Module: Eating Disorders and Obesity Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 10: Personality Disorders Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Learning Objective

Question Type

Introduction

Multiple Choice

Remember the Facts

Understand the Concepts

Apply What You Know

2, 4, 6, 7

1, 5, 8

Analyze It

Short Answer Essay 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders.

Multiple Choice Short Answer

Essay 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders.

Multiple Choice

Short Answer

10, 11, 12 67

Essay 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each.

Multiple Choice

14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 22, 23

Short Answer

13, 17, 18, 21 69

Essay 10.4 Describe the four Cluster Multiple Choice B personality disorders and explain what common Short Answer features they share.

76 33, 36, 38

27, 31, 32, 34, 40, 41

24, 28, 29, 30, 25, 26, 35 37, 39

70, 71, 72, 73

Essay 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each.

Multiple Choice Short Answer

77 42, 44, 47, 49

45, 50, 53

43, 46

Essay

48, 52

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders.

Multiple Choice

54, 55

Short Answer Essay

10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used.

Multiple Choice

56, 57, 59

Short Answer Essay

10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder.

Multiple Choice Short Answer

60, 62

61, 63, 64

Essay

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 10: Personality Disorders MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Tennyson is diagnosed with a personality disorder. We can expect that he __________. a. tends to comply with societal expectations b. will reject societal expectations c. is unable to function adequately in society d. has a strong sense of self Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Topic: Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. Which of the following is a criterion for a personality disorder diagnosis? a. The patient’s behavior must reflect a lack of impulse control. b. The maladaptive behaviors are stable across time. c. Signs of psychosis must be present. d. The person’s behavior problems must not cause them distress or impairment. Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Topic: Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3. Unlike disorders such as depression and PTSD, __________. a. personality disorders develop gradually b. multiple causal events can be identified when a personality disorder develops c. personality disorders cause considerable subjective distress for those who have them d. personality disorders are emotional disorders Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Topic: Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 4. The three “clusters” of personality disorders found in DSM-5 are grouped based on __________. a. similar etiologies 3 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. level of dysfunction c. symptom or feature similarities d. expected prognosis Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Topic: Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 5. Edmund has been diagnosed with a Cluster A disorder. What is likely a significant characteristic of Edmund’s personality? a. Lack of emotional expression b. Oddness or eccentricity c. Secure attachment to others d. Trust in other people Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Topic: Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 6. Which of the following is a Cluster C personality disorder? a. Avoidant b. Schizoid c. Paranoid d. Depressive Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Topic: Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 7. According to several epidemiological studies, approximately __________ percent of individuals have a diagnosable personality disorder, with Cluster __________ disorders being the most common. a. 5; B b. 7; C c. 9; A d. 10; C Answer: d 4 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Topic: Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 8. People find Alan difficult to be around. His behavior is unpredictable and erratic, but most often, it is annoying to others. Since junior high, Alan has had behavioral problems, which ultimately led to the diagnosis of a personality disorder. What are the odds that Alan has comorbidity with another disorder? a. 1 in 4 b. 1 in 3 c. 2 in 3 d. 3 in 4 Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Topic: Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 9. One of the facets of the personality trait of neuroticism is __________. a. assertiveness b. excitement seeking c. angry-hostility d. activity Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Topic: Difficulties in Diagnosing Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 10. The five-factor model is a __________. a. model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions b. model that attempts to explain personality disorders by dividing them into five main categories c. model that explains the causes of personality disorders by describing the five most important factors that lead to their development d. five-step model for the treatment of personality disorders Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Topic: Difficulties in Diagnosing Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate 5 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 11. Which of the following factors complicates the process of determining the causes of personality disorders? a. The high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder will also have another b. The availability of only prospective data c. The wealth of biological data available d. The inability to gather information from the patients themselves, due to the prevalence of memory disorders among those with personality disorders Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Topic: Difficulties in Studying the Causes of Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 12. One hypothesis of the psychological contribution to the development of personality disorders is that __________. a. they are directly related to temperament at birth b. they have no psychological component, but are instead inherited c. personality traits may originate in disturbed parent-child attachment relationships d. people inherit the trait of anxiety, which underlies all personality disorders and predisposes people to developing one Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Topic: Difficulties in Studying the Causes of Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 13. Hannah is suspicious and doubts the loyalty of even her friends. She is unwilling to forgive perceived insults and never lets go of a grudge. She is most likely to be diagnosed with __________ personality disorder. a. paranoid b. histrionic c. schizoid d. schizotypal Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Topic: Paranoid Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 6 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 14. The best single-word description for a person with paranoid personality disorder is __________. a. delusional b. impulsive c. unemotional d. mistrustful Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Topic: Paranoid Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 15. Unlike a person with paranoid schizophrenia, a person with paranoid personality disorder __________. a. becomes delusional in response to an actual betrayal or hurtful incident with another person b. has persistent loss of reality contact c. tends to confide in others and assume the loyalty of his or her friends d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Topic: Paranoid Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 16. Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of paranoid personality disorder? a. Introversion and openness to feelings b. Excitement seeking and neuroticism c. Antagonism and neuroticism d. Fantasy proneness and tough-mindedness Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Topic: Paranoid Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

17. Chadi shows little emotion and is a loner. He has no social relationships, other than his family, and he seems to experience little, if any, pleasure. What type of personality disorder might Chadi have? a. Paranoid b. Schizoid c. Borderline d. Narcissistic Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Topic: Schizoid Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 18. Gordon has been diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder. Knowing this, which of the following jobs would he be most likely to enjoy? a. A night security guard who works alone b. A receptionist in a busy dentist’s office c. An insurance inspector who uncovers clues that criminal behavior has occurred d. An elementary school teacher who works with children with emotional problems Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Topic: Schizoid Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 19. The central problem of schizoid personality disorder is __________. a. recurrent depression b. a marked disregard for the feelings of others c. cognitive and perceptual distortions d. an inability to form attachments to other people Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Topic: Schizoid Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 20. Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of schizoid personality disorder? a. Low agreeableness and high antagonism b. High introversion and low openness to feelings 8 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. High introversion and low agreeableness d. Low excitement seeking and high fantasy proneness Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Topic: Schizoid Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 21. Tomas tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash simply by thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe that he can sometimes get people to do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don’t match. He tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because he knows others don’t like him because they are jealous, and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tomas is __________. a. borderline personality disorder b. paranoid personality disorder c. schizotypal personality disorder d. schizoid personality disorder Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Topic: Schizotypal Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 22. Which of the following personality disorders is most likely to be mistaken for schizophrenia? a. Avoidant b. Borderline c. Schizoid d. Schizotypal Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Topic: Schizotypal Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 23. While an individual with __________ personality disorder appears cool and aloof, an individual with __________ personality disorder is best described as odd. a. avoidant; schizotypal b. schizoid; schizotypal 9 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. schizoid; avoidant d. schizotypal; avoidant Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Topic: Schizotypal Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 24. Loraine is vain and self-centered. When she goes out, it is not at all uncommon for her to do things that ensure she is the center of attention. Her close friends describe her as a “drama queen.” Assuming that her behavior is sufficient to warrant a diagnosis, which of the following personality disorders is she most likely to be diagnosed with? a. Antisocial b. Borderline c. Histrionic d. Narcissistic Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Histrionic Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 25. Like many individuals with personality disorders, those with histrionic personality disorder are rarely able to maintain relationships over time. Why is this? a. Their extreme distrust makes lasting relationships impossible. b. Their self-reliance leads them to feel that they do not need anyone else. c. Their exaggerated sense of self-importance is generally off-putting. d. Their need for attention and manipulation is likely to drive others away. Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Histrionic Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 26. Which of the following personality disorders is highly comorbid with borderline, antisocial, narcissistic, and dependent personality disorder diagnoses, and was recommended for removal from DSM-5? a. Histrionic b. Schizoid c. Paranoid 10 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. Avoidant Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Histrionic Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 27. Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with histrionic personality disorder? a. Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment b. Excessive trust and dependence on others’ opinions c. Cruel and callous exploitation of others for personal gain d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Histrionic Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 28. Which of the following core dysfunctional beliefs might explain the development of histrionic personality disorder? a. “I need a man to define me.” b. “I am the only one I can trust.” c. “I am completely helpless.” d. “If I am not fun, they will abandon me.” Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Histrionic Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 29. Larry believes that he is the “star” of his graduate class and that the other students dislike him because they are jealous of his superior intelligence. He believes that he is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of his outstanding performance in class. Larry probably suffers from __________. a. histrionic personality disorder b. narcissistic personality disorder c. dependent personality disorder d. schizoid personality disorder Answer: b 11 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Narcissistic Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 30. Gerard assures his boss that he is able to take on a new project, saying, “I am the best manager you will ever have! I have a fantastic track record of success and will ensure that all of my inferiors follow my direction.” Which of the following traits distinguishes Gerard’s narcissistic personality disorder from the other Cluster B disorders? a. Emotionality b. Grandiosity c. Impulsivity d. Vanity Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Narcissistic Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 31. What is the pattern of social media use among individuals diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder? a. They upload more photos of themselves than others. b. They maintain a very tight-knit network. c. They upload fewer photos of themselves than others. d. They spend less time on social media than any other individuals with personality disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Narcissistic Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 32. The histrionic seeks __________, while the narcissist needs __________. a. attention; admiration b. acceptance; admiration c. admiration; attention d. acceptance; approval Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. 12 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Narcissistic Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 33. Early criminal behavior is most characteristic of __________. a. antisocial personality disorder b. borderline personality disorder c. schizoid personality disorder d. schizotypal personality disorder Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Antisocial Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 34. Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with antisocial personality disorder? a. Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment b. Excessive trust and dependence on others’ opinions c. Unsocialized and aggressive pattern of irresponsible behavior d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Antisocial Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 35. Charlie regularly gets into fights, has a pattern of lying, and often dodges creditors who want him to pay his long-overdue debts. Matt is known for his smooth charm, his lack of concern for the individuals he hurts, and his pattern of manipulation. Which of the following statements describes the difference between Charlie and Matt? a. Because Charlie’s behaviors are observable, he fits the antisocial personality behavior profile, while Matt’s behaviors reflect psychopathy. b. Charlie and Matt both reflect behaviors specific to psychopathy. c. Because Charlie’s behaviors are observable, he fits the psychopathy behavior profile, while Matt’s behaviors reflect antisocial personality disorder. d. Charlie and Matt both reflect behaviors specific to antisocial personality disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Antisocial Personality Disorder 13 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 36. Children with an early history of __________ are most likely to later develop antisocial personality disorder. a. attention-deficit disorder b. attachment disorder c. oppositional defiant disorder d. depression Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Antisocial Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 37. Harold was a charming middle-aged man who came to the attention of authorities on bigamy charges. He had a long history of courting and supposedly marrying elderly widows, only to abscond with their money. Harold’s diagnosis is most likely __________. a. narcissistic personality disorder b. borderline personality disorder c. histrionic personality disorder d. antisocial personality disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Antisocial Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 38. Impulsivity and extreme instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood best characterize __________. a. histrionic personality disorder b. antisocial personality disorder c. avoidant personality disorder d. borderline personality disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Borderline Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 14 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 39. Glenda believed that Thor loved her, and she felt like she could not live without him. When he told her he did not want to see her again, she became violently angry and manipulated him into staying with her by threatening suicide. Which of the following personality disorders does Glenda’s behavior reflect? a. Narcissistic b. Borderline c. Dependent d. Histrionic Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Borderline Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 40. Which of the following statements accurately describes causal factors of borderline personality order (BPD)? a. Children from divorced families are three times more likely to develop BPD than those from intact families. b. The risk of being diagnosed with BPD is four times higher in those with relatives who also had BPD. c. Children in families that relocate more than six times between the ages of three and sixteen are twice as likely to develop BPD. d. The death of a parent during the teen years doubles the risk of developing BPD. Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Borderline Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 41. Which of the following disorders is categorized as emotionally unstable personality disorder in ICD-11? a. Antisocial personality disorder b. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder c. Borderline personality disorder d. Histrionic personality disorder Answer: c

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Borderline Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 42. An individual with avoidant personality disorder is unlikely to develop lasting relationships as a result of their __________. a. callousness b. fear of rejection c. desire to control others d. lack of interest Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Topic: Avoidant Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 43. Farrah says, “I would love to be in an intimate relationship. My life is terribly boring and lonely. But I am extremely shy, and I would fall apart if a man criticized me in the slightest.” This description best matches the symptoms of __________ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. dependent c. avoidant d. borderline Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Topic: Avoidant Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 44. Which combination of basic personality traits from the five-factor model seems most important in the development of avoidant personality disorder? a. High extroversion and low openness to feelings b. High introversion and high neuroticism c. High antagonism and low neuroticism d. High agreeableness and high angry-hostility Answer: b

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Topic: Avoidant Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 45. Avoidant personality disorder often coincides with the diagnosis of __________. a. panic disorder b. social anxiety disorder c. insecure attachment d. germ phobia Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Topic: Avoidant Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 46. Emma calls her husband every day at work to ask him what she should make for dinner. She spends her days at her mother’s because she worries something will go wrong in her own home that she won’t be able to handle. Even though she is artistically talented, Emma has never enrolled in an art class or used her natural talent, because she believes her work isn’t that good. Emma’s most likely diagnosis is __________. a. borderline personality disorder b. dependent personality disorder c. schizoid personality disorder d. paranoid personality disorder Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Topic: Dependent Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 47. Involvement in an abusive relationship (as the one who is being abused) would be most expected of an individual with __________ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. borderline c. dependent d. schizotypal Answer: c

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Topic: Dependent Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 48. The fear of abandonment is seen in both borderline and dependent personality disorder. What is the key difference in the individual’s reaction to that fear? a. The person with borderline personality disorder gets depressed, and the person with dependent personality disorder gets angry. b. The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry, and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive. c. The person with borderline personality disorder goes to other people for a replacement, and the person with dependent personality disorder stays alone and sad. d. The person with borderline personality disorder tries to resolve the issues rationally, and the person with dependent personality disorder is afraid to seek out new relationships. Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Topic: Dependent Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 49. Which combination of basic personality traits from the five-factor model seems most influential in the development of dependent personality disorder? a. High neuroticism and high agreeableness b. High introversion and low conscientiousness c. High fantasy proneness and low neuroticism d. High excitement seeking and low openness to feelings Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Topic: Dependent Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 50. What core belief might explain the behavior of an individual with dependent personality disorder? a. “I am helpless.” b. “I don’t know who I am without you.” 18 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. “Unless I make people laugh, they will not like me.” d. “Others exist to benefit me.” Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Topic: Dependent Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 51. Jack has a great need for order and perfectionism. He can’t leave the house until every hair is in place, and he has been known to iron the same shirt over and over to ensure that he is wrinklefree. What personality disorder does Jack’s behavior suggest? a. Avoidant b. Dependent c. Obsessive-compulsive d. Narcissistic Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What We Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 52. What is the significant difference between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)? a. People with OCD are more perfectionistic than people with OCPD. b. People with OCPD are less conscientious about their rituals than people with OCD. c. People with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsions like people with OCD do. d. People with OCD can do a compulsion once and feel better, people with OCPD never feel better, no matter how many times they do it. Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 53. Which combination of basic personality traits from the five-factor model is most influential in the development of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder? a. High conscientiousness and low compliance b. High extroversion and high openness to feelings 19 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. High excitement seeking and low openness to feelings d. High fantasy proneness and high agreeableness Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 54. Which of the following personality disorders is more common in Western cultures? a. Narcissistic b. Dependent c. Antisocial d. Schizoid Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. Topic: General Sociocultural Causal Factors for Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 55. Paris (2001, 2007) has suggested that __________ may be responsible for an increase in emotional dysregulation and impulsive behavior since World War II. a. the increase in illicit drugs in the United States b. unstable unemployment rates c. changes in nutritional needs and diet d. the increased breakdown of the family unit Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. Topic: General Sociocultural Causal Factors for Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 56. Which of the following best explains why it is such a challenge to treat personality disorders? a. They develop early in life. b. The diagnostic criteria for these disorders are highly subjective. c. Comorbid diagnoses are the norm, not the exception. d. By definition, they are enduring, pervasive patterns of thought and behavior. Answer: d

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. Topic: Treatments and Outcomes for Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 57. Which of the following individuals would say to his therapist, “Ha! You’re just a rookie! You can’t possibly have enough experience to help me with my problems!”? a. Conner, who has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder b. Princeton, who has been diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder c. Lawrence, who has been diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder d. Harrison, who has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. Topic: Treatments and Outcomes for Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 58. Cassie has avoidant personality disorder, while Suri has obsessive personality disorder. They share the same therapist, Dr. Pollan. What does research tell us about how Dr. Pollan will likely respond to Cassie and Suri? a. Dr. Pollan will feel protective of Suri and bored with Cassie. b. Dr. Pollan will feel protective of both Suri and Cassie. c. Dr. Pollan will feel protective of Cassie and bored with Suri. d. Dr. Pollan will feel annoyed with both Suri and Cassie. Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. Topic: Adapting Therapeutic Techniques to Specific Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 59. Dialectical behavior therapy is __________. a. a once promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder that results in relatively small gains compared to routine treatment b. an effective, long-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that focuses on personality change c. an old, long-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that has been found to be ineffective d. a short-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that involves medication and brief hospitalization 21 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. Topic: Treating Borderline Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 60. The presence of psychopathy __________. a. is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism b. means that a person also has antisocial personality disorder c. means that a person is less likely to be violent and repeat crimes d. is the single best predictor that treatment will be successful Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Topic: Dimensions of Psychopathy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 61. Based on research conducted by Widom, the difference between successful psychopaths and unsuccessful psychopaths is that __________. a. unsuccessful psychopaths remain cool under pressure, as a result of low activity in the amygdala b. successful psychopaths remain cool under pressure, as a result of low activity in the amygdala c. unsuccessful psychopaths are thought to have greater behavioral control, due to fewer defects in the prefrontal cortex d. successful psychopaths are thought to have decreased behavioral control, due to significant defects in the prefrontal cortex Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Topic: Dimensions of Psychopathy Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 62. In research studies, psychopaths failed to learn to avoid punishment and __________. a. did not cognitively understand the connection between a behavior and its consequence b. felt a great deal of anticipatory anxiety about punishment, leading to impulsive behaviors c. did not show normal fear-potentiated startle responses 22 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. showed greater than normal fear-potentiated startle responses Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Topic: Causal Factors in Psychopathy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 63. Recent research centered on the correlation between response modulation and psychopathy reveals that __________. a. the psychopath’s fear deficit takes precedence over their single-minded pursuit of goals b. the psychopath has enhanced attention-processing abilities c. the psychopath’s intense, single-minded pursuit of goals takes precedence over fear d. the psychopath’s level of attention and fear response remain balanced while engaged in the pursuit of individual goals Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Topic: Causal Factors in Psychopathy Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 64. Which of the following statements highlights the influence of sociocultural factors on the development of psychopathic traits? a. Societies that promote and encourage competition, individualism, and self-confidence may foster less development of psychopathy. b. The prevalence of antisocial personality disorder is lower in the United States than in Taiwan. c. Societies that promote and encourage subservience to the social group, collectivism, and the stability of relationships may foster less development of psychopathy. d. The prevalence of antisocial personality disorder is the same in Taiwan and the United States. Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Topic: Developmental and Social Perspectives on Psychopathy Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 65. Which of the following offers the greatest promise for the treatment of psychopathic personality disorder? a. Computer-based cognitive remediation focused on response modulation b. Behavioral scenario-based interventions targeting victim awareness 23 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. Computer-based anger management programs d. Intense focus on curing drug addiction Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Topic: Treatments and Outcomes in Psychopathic Personality Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. SHORT ANSWER 66. Briefly describe the general characteristics of a personality disorder. Answer: A personality disorder involves personality traits and behavior patterns that are maladaptive, inflexible, and not readily adaptive to new situations. The behavior patterns are stable and of long duration. They do not stem from reactions to stress but involve the gradual development of behavior patterns. They usually significantly impair social or occupational functioning and, in some cases, cause a good deal of subjective emotional distress. Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Topic: Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 67. What does the five-factor model tell us about personality disorders? Answer: The five-factor model of normal personality has perhaps been most influential in the understanding of personality disorders. It helps researchers understand the commonalities and distinctions among the different personality disorders by assessing how these individuals score on the five basic personality traits Learning Objective: 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Topic: Difficulties in Diagnosing Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 68. How does temperament relate to personality disorders? Answer: Temperament is inherited and may predispose people to develop particular personality traits and disorders. This can make personality disorders seem inherited, but it is the traits that are inherited and that predispose people to the disorders. Learning Objective: 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. 24 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Difficulties in Studying the Causes of Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 69. Which of the personality disorders appears to be most related to schizophrenia? What evidence is there of this relationship? Answer: While all of the Cluster A personality disorders are characterized by different features of schizophrenia, schizotypal personality appears to be the most strongly related to schizophrenia. This disorder is characterized by abnormalities in behavior that are often seen in those with schizophrenia, and there is evidence that those with schizotypal personality disorder are at greater risk of developing schizophrenia. A genetic relationship to schizophrenia has also long been suspected. In fact, this disorder appears to be part of a spectrum of liability for schizophrenia and often occurs in some of the first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia. Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Topic: Schizotypal Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 70. Why is histrionic personality disorder more prevalent in women? Answer: Many of the criteria for histrionic personality disorder involve maladaptive variants of traits that are seen as female-related in our culture, such as overdramatization, vanity, seductiveness, and over-concern with physical appearance. However, other histrionic personality traits are actually more common in men (e.g., high excitement seeking and low self-consciousness). A recent careful analysis of the issue suggests that the higher prevalence of histrionic personality in women actually would not be predicted based on known sex differences in the personality traits prominent in the disorder. This does indeed suggest the influence of some form of sex bias in the diagnosis of this disorder. Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Histrionic Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 71. Why does a person with narcissistic personality disorder have many “friends” but few intimate relationships? Answer: People with narcissistic personality disorder overestimate their own accomplishments and underestimate others’. They need friends to gain admiration and seem important, but 25 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

they eventually see others as stupid or unworthy and reject them. Relationships do not last long because others become tired of the narcissistic person’s lack of consideration. Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Narcissistic Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 72. What are examples of dangerous behavior seen in borderline personality disorder? Answer: Borderline personality disorder includes erratic and impulsive behaviors that can be self-destructive. These include reckless driving, binges of gambling, drinking, and sex, as well as self-mutilation and suicidal behavior. Self-mutilation is one of the most discriminating signs of BPD and is sometimes associated with relief from anxiety and other negative emotions. Suicidal behavior is also common, and while suicide attempts may be motivated by a desire to manipulate, it is estimated that as many as 8 percent may complete a suicide. Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Borderline Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 73. What is the main distinguishing factor between borderline and histrionic personality disorders? Answer: Sexuality is central to histrionic personality disorder, but not to borderline personality disorder. Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Borderline Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 74. Compare and contrast avoidant and schizoid personality disorders. Answer: While both disorders are characterized by a lack of social contact, the motivation behind the exhibited social isolation differs. Avoidant individuals (Cluster C) are too frightened to initiate relationships. Although alone, the avoidant personality very much wants to be with others but is afraid of rejection. Schizoid individuals (Cluster A) are alone because they have no desire to be with others and are emotionally uninvolved. Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. 26 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Avoidant Personality Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 75. What are the two dimensions of psychopathy, and what is the relationship to antisocial personality disorder? Answer: Dimension 1: Affective and interpersonal traits—lack of remorse and empathy, superficial charm, exaggerated self-worth, and pathological lying. Dimension 2: Behavior— deviant lifestyle, impulsivity, and irresponsibility. The second dimension is more related to antisocial personality disorder. Learning Objective: 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Topic: Dimensions of Psychopathy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. ESSAY 76. Describe and differentiate between the Cluster A personality disorders. Answer: The Cluster A personality disorders are characterized by odd behavior. The cluster includes the paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. All the disorders share some features with schizophrenia, but it is thought that only schizotypal personality disorder is related to schizophrenia. The paranoid personality is characterized by extreme suspicion and distrust. This is the individual who can’t forgive even the smallest perceived slight. The paranoid personality is always on the lookout for someone who has done them wrong, but they are not psychotic. Despite the prevalent paranoia, the paranoid personality is firmly in touch with reality. The schizoid personality shows some of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, social withdrawal and flat affect. This is the loner who prefers to be alone and seems to take pleasure in nothing. The schizotypal personality is best described as odd and eccentric. They may show some bizarre thinking but are generally in touch with reality. GRADING RUBRIC: 12 points total, 3 for general description of Cluster A disorders, 3 each for the 3 disorders. Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Topic: Cluster A Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 77. Compare and contrast histrionic and narcissistic personality disorders.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: Both disorders are characterized by a need for attention, but the motivation underlying this need differs. The histrionic personality desires attention in order to feel valued and may use manipulative means to get the craved attention. The narcissistic personality appears to believe that they have great value but seeks admiration to confirm this belief. While the histrionic desires any attention and will do whatever is needed to get it, the narcissist desires admiration and praise. Both disorders are characterized by vanity and a lack of concern for the emotions of others. These are personality types that are needy, but in different ways. Histrionic personality disorder is a more common diagnosis for women, while narcissism is more commonly diagnosed in men. GRADING RUBRIC: 8 points total, 2 points for each of 2 similarities and 2 points for each of 2 differences. Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Topic: Cluster B Personality Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 78. Explain how the research findings relative to neural development deficits affect learning in the psychopath. Answer: Psychopaths show deficient avoidance learning. They have a lower than normal fear potential startle response. They do not condition easily to fear. They have a deficient behavior inhibition system—the neural system underlying anxiety. Their behavioral activation system is normal or over-reactive, so they tend to focus on rewards. If caught, they focus on avoiding punishment. Their dominant response set for rewards seems to interfere with their ability to use punishment as a cue to change behavior. GRADING RUBRIC: 8 points total, 2 points for each of 4 research findings. Learning Objective: 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Topic: Dimensions of Psychopathy Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module Quiz 10.1: Clinical Features of Personality Disorders EOM Q10.1.1 Studies that are designed to establish the prevalence (number of cases) of a particular disorder in a very large sample of people living in the community are called __________ studies. a) epidemiological b) cross-sequential Consider This: An example of this type of study is an assessment interview being used to establish the percentage of the population with personality disorders in the United States. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. c) longitudinal Consider This: An example of this type of study is an assessment interview being used to establish the percentage of the population with personality disorders in the United States. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. d) cross-sectional Consider This: An example of this type of study is an assessment interview being used to establish the percentage of the population with personality disorders in the United States. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Module: Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q10.1.2 Hannah has been diagnosed with a personality disorder. She has a tendency to be dramatic, emotional, and erratic. What DSM cluster does Hannah's pattern of behaviors fall under? a) Cluster B b) Cluster C Consider This: Clusters share similar behavior patterns. Other cluster groups consist of behavior patterns marked by anxiety and those marked by distrustfulness and social detachment. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. c) Cluster A Consider This: Clusters share similar behavior patterns. Other cluster groups consist of behavior patterns marked by anxiety and those marked by distrustfulness and social detachment. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. d) Cluster D Consider This: Clusters share similar behavior patterns. Other cluster groups consist of behavior patterns marked by anxiety and those marked by distrustfulness and social detachment. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Module: Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.1.3 Patrick's biggest problem is that he has difficulties getting along with others. Although he shows no signs of obvious mental illness, he has longstanding problems with his sense of self and seems unable to function effectively or meet the demands of adult life. Patrick's behavior patterns are most suggestive of a diagnosis of __________. a) a personality disorder b) schizophrenia Consider This: Individuals with diagnoses like Patrick's often cause at least as much difficulty in the lives of others as they do in their own lives. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. c) bipolar disorder Consider This: Individuals with diagnoses like Patrick's often cause at least as much difficulty in the lives of others as they do in their own lives. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. d) generalized anxiety disorder Consider This: Individuals with diagnoses like Patrick's often cause at least as much difficulty in the lives of others as they do in their own lives. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Module: Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.1.4 Which of the following best describes why the DSM-5 task force proposed removing the cluster organization of personality disorders? a) There are too many overlapping features across personality disorder clusters. b) There are too many unique features within personality disorder clusters. Consider This: These clusters are still used as an organizing structure for personality disorders in the DSM-5. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. c) People with personality disorders only experience mild difficulties in everyday life. Consider This: These clusters are still used as an organizing structure for personality disorders in the DSM-5. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. d) The clusters were too difficult to understand. Consider This: These clusters are still used as an organizing structure for personality disorders in the DSM-5. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Module: Clinical Features of Personality Disorders 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q10.1.5 Which personality cluster is the most common, with a prevalence rate of around 7 percent? a) Cluster C b) Cluster D Consider This: The correct cluster includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. c) Cluster A Consider This: The correct cluster includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. d) Cluster B Consider This: The correct cluster includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Module: Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Skill Level: Moderate Difficulty Level: Remember End of Module Quiz 10.2: Changes in Personality Disorders Research EOM Q10.2.1 In a prospective study designed to examine factors associated with illness onset, __________. a) groups of people are observed before a disorder appears and are followed over a period of time to see which individuals develop problems b) groups of people given a particular diagnosis are observed over time to monitor the change in the level of severity of problems Consider This: Understanding outcomes is central to the purpose of a prospective study. 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. c) treatment is administered to groups of people who have been given a psychiatric diagnosis. The people are followed in order to monitor treatment effectiveness Consider This: Understanding outcomes is central to the purpose of a prospective study. 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. d) groups of people are observed after a disorder appears and are followed over a period of time to observe changes in the individuals over time Consider This: Understanding outcomes is central to the purpose of a prospective study. 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Module: Changes in Personality Disorders Research Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q10.2.2 Most temperamental and personality traits have been found to have a(n) __________. a) moderate heritability b) high heritability Consider This: Heritability looks at the amount of difference between individuals in a given population due to genetic variation. 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. c) low heritability Consider This: Heritability looks at the amount of difference between individuals in a given population due to genetic variation. 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. d) undetermined heritability Consider This: Heritability looks at the amount of difference between individuals in a given population due to genetic variation. 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Module: Changes in Personality Disorders Research Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.2.3 Henry has a personality disorder. His psychotherapist has suggested that Henry developed his personality disorder during early childhood as the result of excessive gratification of his impulses by his parents. Henry's therapist has explained the development of Henry's disorder using a __________ theoretical perspective. a) psychodynamic b) cognitive Consider This: What perspective attributes some disorders to satisfaction or lack of satisfaction of needs during infancy? 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. c) learning-based habit pattern Consider This: What perspective attributes some disorders to satisfaction or lack of satisfaction of needs during infancy? 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. d) trait-based Consider This: What perspective attributes some disorders to satisfaction or lack of satisfaction of needs during infancy? 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Module: Changes in Personality Disorders Research Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.2.4 32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Which of the traits identified in the five-factor model is comprised of the following six facets: anxiety, angry-hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, and vulnerability? a) neuroticism b) conscientiousness Consider This: This trait is a prominent aspect of borderline personality disorder (BPD). 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. c) agreeableness Consider This: This trait is a prominent aspect of borderline personality disorder (BPD). 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. d) extraversion Consider This: This trait is a prominent aspect of borderline personality disorder (BPD). 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Module: Changes in Personality Disorders Research Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.2.5 The DSM-5 task force proposed numerous revisions to personality disorders, including the use of a hybrid dimensional-categorical model, which would have contained both categorical and dimensional components. Which of the following best reflects the changes that were actually reflected in the DSM-5? a) No changes were accepted officially, and personality disorders in the DSM-5 are identical to those in the DSM-IV-TR. b) Unlike the DSM-IV-TR, the DSM-5 includes a hybrid dimensional-categorical model that clinicians are now required to use. Consider This: The proposed approach was not very intuitive or user-friendly. 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. c) Several proposed revisions were rejected, but the DSM-5retained only six of the original 10 personality disorder types. Consider This: The proposed approach was not very intuitive or user-friendly. 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. d) A new diagnosis of hybrid personality disorder was added to the DSM-5, making 11 personality disorders in total. Consider This: The proposed approach was not very intuitive or user-friendly. 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Module: Changes in Personality Disorders Research Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 10.3: Cluster A Personality Disorders

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q10.3.1 Individuals diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder show high levels of __________ and score low on __________ when personality traits are assessed using the five-factor model. a) introversion; facets associated with openness to experience and conscientiousness b) neuroticism; introversion Consider This: Recall the diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of schizoid personality disorder. Which five-factor traits are most consistent with those of the DSM diagnosis? 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. c) introversion; neuroticism Consider This: Recall the diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of schizoid personality disorder. Which five-factor traits are most consistent with those of the DSM diagnosis? 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. d) neuroticism; two facets associated with agreeableness Consider This: Recall the diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of schizoid personality disorder. Which five-factor traits are most consistent with those of the DSM diagnosis? 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Module: Cluster A Personality Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.3.2 Frances is a college student majoring in Classics and Greek language. She earns good grades and works part-time. Frances is known to practice white magic. She participates in rituals and spellcasting. She can often be heard talking in Elvish in an attempt to connect with characters from Lord of the Rings. Frances's behavior is most consistent with a diagnosis of __________. a) schizotypal personality disorder b) schizoid histrionic personality disorder Consider This: In selecting the appropriate diagnosis, consider Frances's level of adaptive functioning and the fact that her description focuses on eccentric behaviors. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. c) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder Consider This: In selecting the appropriate diagnosis, consider Frances's level of adaptive functioning and the fact that her description focuses on eccentric behaviors. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. d) dissociative identity disorder Consider This: In selecting the appropriate diagnosis, consider Frances's level of adaptive functioning and the fact that her description focuses on eccentric behaviors. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Module: Cluster A Personality Disorders Skill Level: Apply 34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.3.3 Studies evaluating psychiatric patients and college students diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder have shown a deficit in the ability to track a moving target visually. This deficit is also found in individuals diagnosed with __________. a) schizophrenia b) schizoid personality disorder Consider This: Individuals with this diagnosis, like those with a schizotypal diagnosis, exhibit language abnormalities and trouble sustaining attention. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. c) dissociative identity disorder Consider This: Individuals with this diagnosis, like those with a schizotypal diagnosis, exhibit language abnormalities and trouble sustaining attention. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. d) bipolar disorder Consider This: Individuals with this diagnosis, like those with a schizotypal diagnosis, exhibit language abnormalities and trouble sustaining attention. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Module: Cluster A Personality Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.3.4 Symptoms of paranoid personality disorder are often found with individuals who chronically abuse __________. a) cocaine b) marijuana Consider This: Think of behaviors associated with individuals who have abused a given drug over time. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. c) heroin Consider This: Think of behaviors associated with individuals who have abused a given drug over time. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. d) benzodiazepines Consider This: Think of behaviors associated with individuals who have abused a given drug over time. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Module: Cluster A Personality Disorders 35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q10.3.5 The heritability of schizoid personality disorder has been found to be around __________. a) 70 percent Consider This: When evaluating the degree of heritability, consider the research that links schizoid personality disorder with psychotic disorders and autism spectrum disorders. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. b) 55 percent c) 30 percent Consider This: When evaluating the degree of heritability, consider the research that links schizoid personality disorder with psychotic disorders and autism spectrum disorders. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. d) 25 percent Consider This: When evaluating the degree of heritability, consider the research that links schizoid personality disorder with psychotic disorders and autism spectrum disorders. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Module: Cluster A Personality Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 10.4: Cluster B Personality Disorders EOM Q10.4.1 The diagnosis of __________ personality disorder has historically been associated with women, even though some criteria include traits that are more commonly observed in men than in women (e.g., low self-consciousness). a) histrionic b) schizotypal Consider This: It has been suggested that sex bias contributed to the high frequency of women being diagnosed with this disorder. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. c) narcissistic Consider This: It has been suggested that sex bias contributed to the high frequency of women being diagnosed with this disorder. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. d) avoidant Consider This: It has been suggested that sex bias contributed to the high frequency of women being diagnosed with this disorder. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Answer: a 36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Module: Cluster B Personality Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.4.2 Which of the following causal factors has been identified as contributing to the development of grandiose narcissism? a) parental overvaluation b) intrusive parenting Consider This: The developmental factors contributing to grandiose narcissism are, in many instances, polar opposites of those associated with vulnerable narcissism. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. c) intrusive parenting Consider This: The developmental factors contributing to grandiose narcissism are, in many instances, polar opposites of those associated with vulnerable narcissism. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. d) childhood neglect Consider This: The developmental factors contributing to grandiose narcissism are, in many instances, polar opposites of those associated with vulnerable narcissism. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Module: Cluster B Personality Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.4.3 Rachel, who has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD), is well-known by her peers for her intense emotional responses to various environmental triggers. She recovers slowly from upsets, and her behavior is characterized by drastic and rapid shifts from one emotion to another. This observed behavior pattern is called __________. a) affective instability b) transient emotional lability Consider This: This trait is often combined with a highly unstable self-image or sense of self. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. c) rapid-cycling mood Consider This: This trait is often combined with a highly unstable self-image or sense of self. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. d) event-related dissociation Consider This: This trait is often combined with a highly unstable self-image or sense of self. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they 37 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

share. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Module: Cluster B Personality Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.4.4 Which of the following is true about nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI)? a) It is relatively common, with about 17 percent of adolescents reporting lifetime NSSI. b) Only people who have borderline personality disorder report engaging in NSSI. Consider This: A primary goal of NSSI is emotion regulation. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. c) When people engage in NSSI, they are usually doing it because they want to kill themselves. Consider This: A primary goal of NSSI is emotion regulation. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. d) When people engage in NSSI, they are usually doing it to get attention. Consider This: A primary goal of NSSI is emotion regulation. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Module: Cluster B Personality Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q10.4.5 The number of antisocial behaviors exhibited in childhood is the single best predictor of an adult diagnosis of __________. a) ASPD b) BPD Consider This: This disorder tends to have its roots in childhood, especially among boys. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. c) ADHD Consider This: This disorder tends to have its roots in childhood, especially among boys. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. d) NSSI Consider This: This disorder tends to have its roots in childhood, especially among boys. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Module: Cluster B Personality Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate 38 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

End of Module Quiz 10.5: Cluster C Personality Disorders EOM Q10.5.1 For both borderline and dependent personality disorders, fear of abandonment is prominent as a clinical feature. However, the borderline personality __________, while the dependent personality __________. a) reacts with feelings of emptiness or rage if abandonment occurs; is submissive and urgently seeks out a new relationship to fill the void b) becomes immobilized with fear; quickly fills the void with family or other close relationships Consider This: Borderline and dependent personalities are motivated to engage with others for different reasons. Think of what the reasons are and what behaviors would be associated with those reasons. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. c) is quick to engage in another relationship or may turn to family for support; may voice suicidal ideation if a new source of support is not readily available Consider This: Borderline and dependent personalities are motivated to engage with others for different reasons. Think of what the reasons are and what behaviors would be associated with those reasons. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. d) is able to quickly find new relationships; may enter a protracted period of mourning Consider This: Borderline and dependent personalities are motivated to engage with others for different reasons. Think of what the reasons are and what behaviors would be associated with those reasons. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Module: Cluster C Personality Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.5.2 Studies have identified overlap between avoidant personality disorder and __________, leading some investigators to conclude that avoidant personality disorder may simply be a somewhat more severe manifestation of the other. a) generalized social phobia b) generalized anxiety disorder Consider This: Because of the many similarities of the two disorders, many clinicians do not believe that they should exist as separate disorders. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. c) schizoid personality disorder Consider This: Because of the many similarities of the two disorders, many clinicians do not believe that they should exist as separate disorders. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) panic disorder Consider This: Because of the many similarities of the two disorders, many clinicians do not believe that they should exist as separate disorders. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Module: Cluster C Personality Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q10.5.3 Persons with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) __________. a) are different from individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder in that those with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsive rituals b) tend to engage in rituals focused on order and cleanliness Consider This: Rigidity, stubbornness, and perfectionism are key features seen in persons diagnosed with OCPD. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. c) engage in obsessions and compulsions in order to reduce feelings of anxiety Consider This: Rigidity, stubbornness, and perfectionism are key features seen in persons diagnosed with OCPD. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. d) often experience transient psychotic thinking Consider This: Rigidity, stubbornness, and perfectionism are key features seen in persons diagnosed with OCPD. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Module: Cluster C Personality Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.5.4 Using a cognitive perspective, which of the following statements typifies the type of maladaptive schema someone with dependent personality disorder might hold? a) "I can function only if I have access to somebody competent." b) "I can't delegate these tasks. I am the only one at work that can do this correctly." Consider This: Persons with dependent personality disorder are subordinate in order to keep others around them. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. c) "Relationships are messy and should be avoided." Consider This: Persons with dependent personality disorder are subordinate in order to keep others around them. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) "Trust no one." Consider This: Persons with dependent personality disorder are subordinate in order to keep others around them. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Module: Cluster C Personality Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 10.6: General Sociocultural Causal Factors for Personality Disorders EOM Q10.6.1 Since World War II, there has been an increase in the prevalence of emotional and impulsive behavior. It is hypothesized that this change could be the result of __________. a) the increased breakdown of the family and other traditional social structures b) an increase in the worldwide population Consider This: This increase may be related to increases in the prevalence of borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder over the same time period. 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. c) an increase in immigration worldwide Consider This: This increase may be related to increases in the prevalence of borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder over the same time period. 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. d) a growing reliance on devices such as computers for communication, which has resulted in less face-to-face contact between human beings Consider This: This increase may be related to increases in the prevalence of borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder over the same time period. 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. Module: General Sociocultural Causal Factors for Personality Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.6.2 Which culture would be expected to have the lowest rates of women diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder? a) Asian b) Hispanic Consider This: What culture is most likely to view sexual seductiveness and drawing attention to oneself negatively? 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. 41 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c) African Consider This: What culture is most likely to view sexual seductiveness and drawing attention to oneself negatively? 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. d) Northern European Consider This: What culture is most likely to view sexual seductiveness and drawing attention to oneself negatively? 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. Module: General Sociocultural Causal Factors for Personality Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.6.3 Research findings across cultures reveal that the five-factor personality traits __________. a) are common to both Western and non-Western cultures, including African and Asian cultures b) are common only to cultures that are highly industrialized Consider This: Overall, there is less variance across cultures than within cultures with the fivefactor model. 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. c) are common to both Western and non-Western cultures, except African and Asian cultures Consider This: Overall, there is less variance across cultures than within cultures with the fivefactor model. 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. d) are common to all cultures with the exception of those cultures inhabiting island countries Consider This: Overall, there is less variance across cultures than within cultures with the fivefactor model. 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. Module: General Sociocultural Causal Factors for Personality Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 10.7: Treatment and Outcomes for Personality Disorders EOM Q10.7.1 For persons with severe personality disorders, treatment may be most effective in settings or situations where __________. a) acting-out behaviors can be contained b) other patients with similar problems participate in the treatment and can identify and confront the person about his or her maladaptive behavior 42 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Suicidal behavior can be a concern in treating severe personality disorders such as the borderline personality. 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. c) the patient has the opportunity to disengage from the treatment process when it becomes too confrontational Consider This: Suicidal behavior can be a concern in treating severe personality disorders such as the borderline personality. 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. d) acting-out behaviors can be fully expressed as a means of tension reduction Consider This: Suicidal behavior can be a concern in treating severe personality disorders such as the borderline personality. 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. Module: Treatment and Outcomes for Personality Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.7.2 The goal of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in the treatment of borderline personality disorder is for the patient to __________. a) accept negative affect without resorting to self-destructive or other maladaptive behaviors b) accept negative affect without resorting to self-destructive or other maladaptive behaviors c) develop healthy eating and exercise patterns as a means of coping with negative affect d) strategize ways of reconceptualizing past hurts Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. Module: Treatment and Outcomes for Personality Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.7.3 The primary goal of Kernberg's transference-focused psychotherapy is __________. a) strengthening the weak egos of persons with borderline personality disorder, with a particular focus on adapting their primitive defense mechanism of splitting b) helping patients with borderline personality disorder develop skills for tolerating negative affect Consider This: A major goal of this therapy is to integrate positive and negative views of the self and others into more nuanced views. 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. c) healing the negative introjects that borderline personalities have incorporated into their core selves Consider This: A major goal of this therapy is to integrate positive and negative views of the self and others into more nuanced views. 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. d) uncovering unconscious urges that may be fueling acting-out behaviors Consider This: A major goal of this therapy is to integrate positive and negative views of the self and others into more nuanced views. 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. Module: Treatment and Outcomes for Personality Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.7.4 Some studies suggest that treatment success may be most promising for __________ personality disorders. a) avoidant and dependent b) dependent and histrionic Consider This: Which personality disorders value meaningful and satisfying relationships with others? 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. c) narcissistic and borderline Consider This: Which personality disorders value meaningful and satisfying relationships with others? 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. d) avoidant and schizoid Consider This: Which personality disorders value meaningful and satisfying relationships with others? 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. Module: Treatment and Outcomes for Personality Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 10.8: Psychopathy EOM Q10.8.1 Robert Hare's 20-item Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) provides clinicians with a way to __________. a) diagnose psychopathy on the basis of the Cleckley criteria b) monitor the risk of suicidal behavior in psychopathy Consider This: Hare's measure is widely used in forensic assessments. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. 44 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c) assess the potential of violence with incarcerated persons reporting high levels of psychopathy Consider This: Hare's measure is widely used in forensic assessments. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. d) identify children at risk for developing psychopathy Consider This: Hare's measure is widely used in forensic assessments. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Module: Psychopathy Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q10.8.2 Which of the following dimensions developed from Hare's checklist reflects traits such as lack of remorse or guilt, callousness/lack of empathy, shallow affect, and a failure to accept responsibility for one's behavior? a) affective b) lifestyle Consider This: Which category focuses more on core temperament of the individual? 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. c) interpersonal Consider This: Which category focuses more on core temperament of the individual? 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. d) antisocial Consider This: Which category focuses more on core temperament of the individual? 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Module: Psychopathy Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.8.3 Which clinical condition appears to be the single best predictor of violence and recidivism of convicted and imprisoned persons? a) psychopathy b) antisocial personality disorder Consider This: This diagnosis and its criteria have also been shown to be a better predictor of a variety of important facets of criminal behavior than others. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of 45 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. c) sociopathic personality Consider This: This diagnosis and its criteria have also been shown to be a better predictor of a variety of important facets of criminal behavior than others. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. d) morally deficient temperament Consider This: This diagnosis and its criteria have also been shown to be a better predictor of a variety of important facets of criminal behavior than others. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Module: Psychopathy Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q10.8.4 In a study looking at successful and unsuccessful psychopaths living in a community, __________ showed greater heart rate reactivity under stress than other groups evaluated. a) successful psychopaths b) unsuccessful psychopaths Consider This: Increased cardiac activity could enhance the individual's alertness to surroundings. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. c) the control group Consider This: Increased cardiac activity could enhance the individual's alertness to surroundings. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. d) unemployed controls Consider This: Increased cardiac activity could enhance the individual's alertness to surroundings. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Module: Psychopathy Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q10.8.5 When Patrick and colleagues (1993) compared the fear-potentiated startle of psychopathic and non-psychopathic prisoners while viewing pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral slides, they found that __________. a) the psychopathic prisoners did not show the startle effect, although non-psychopathic prisoners did b) the non-psychopathic prisoners did not show the startle effect, although psychopathic 46 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

prisoners did Consider This: Humans and animals show a larger startle response to the stimulus if they are already in an anxious state. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. c) the non-psychopathic prisoners showed slightly more of the startle effect compared to the psychopathic prisoners Consider This: Humans and animals show a larger startle response to the stimulus if they are already in an anxious state. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. d) no differences existed between the two groups in terms of amount of response to the stimulus Consider This: Humans and animals show a larger startle response to the stimulus if they are already in an anxious state. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Module: Psychopathy Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Chapter Quiz: Personality Disorders EOC Q10.1 It is estimated that __________ of people diagnosed with a personality disorder have another disorder as well. a) 25 percent Consider This: Personality disorders tend to be comorbid with one another and with diagnoses such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and substance use problems. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. b) 50 percent Consider This: Personality disorders tend to be comorbid with one another and with diagnoses such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and substance use problems. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. c) 75 percent d) 100 percent Consider This: Personality disorders tend to be comorbid with one another and with diagnoses such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and substance use problems. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Module: Personality Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q10.2 47 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

What percentage of persons living in the United States has a diagnosable personality disorder? a) 2 to 3 percent Consider This: In other words, approximately one person in 10 has a diagnosable personality disorder of some kind. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. b) 5 to 7 percent Consider This: In other words, approximately one person in 10 has a diagnosable personality disorder of some kind. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. c) 10 to 12 percent d) 13 to 15 percent Consider This: In other words, approximately one person in 10 has a diagnosable personality disorder of some kind. 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders. Module: Personality Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q10.3 The five-factor model uses a dimensional approach in evaluating personality disorders. A dimensional approach to evaluating personality assumes that __________. a) personality (and personality disorder) traits fall along a continuum of intensity b) personality features (and those of personality disorder) are considered to be distinct and separate Consider This: The DSM-5 abandoned the categorical approach used in previous editions. The dimensional approach is reported to be a more accurate and reliable way of assessing disorders. 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. c) traits and behaviors that define personality disorder can be scientifically verified Consider This: The DSM-5 abandoned the categorical approach used in previous editions. The dimensional approach is reported to be a more accurate and reliable way of assessing disorders. 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. d) not all aspects of personality (and personality disorder) can be categorized using the Big Five typology Consider This: The DSM-5 abandoned the categorical approach used in previous editions. The dimensional approach is reported to be a more accurate and reliable way of assessing disorders. 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Module: Personality Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q10.4 Misdiagnosis is more common with personality disorders than with other psychological disorders. This may occur because with personality disorders, __________. a) criteria are defined by inferred traits or consistent patterns of behavior rather than by more objective behavioral standards 48 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b) behavioral deviance is harder to detect as the behaviors are more subtle and individuals are less debilitated by a personality than what is found with other disorders Consider This: When making a diagnosis of personality disorder, the clinician must exercise more personal judgment than is the case for many other disorders. 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. c) criteria are much more specific and limited than other diagnostic categories Consider This: When making a diagnosis of personality disorder, the clinician must exercise more personal judgment than is the case for many other disorders. 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. d) an entity is not fully accepted by many clinicians Consider This: When making a diagnosis of personality disorder, the clinician must exercise more personal judgment than is the case for many other disorders. 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders. Module: Personality Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q10.5 Demetrius always questions the loyalty of his friends and is suspicious of the motives of others. He is quick to hold a grudge and is easily angered. Demetrius's behavior is most consistent with a diagnosis of __________ personality disorder. a) paranoid b) schizoid Consider This: Individuals with this diagnosis blame others for their mistakes and seek out motives behind the actions of others to validate their claims. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. c) avoidant Consider This: Individuals with this diagnosis blame others for their mistakes and seek out motives behind the actions of others to validate their claims. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. d) histrionic Consider This: Individuals with this diagnosis blame others for their mistakes and seek out motives behind the actions of others to validate their claims. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Module: Personality Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q10.6 When experiencing high levels of stress, individuals with paranoid personality disorder may __________. 49 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a) experience transient psychotic symptoms lasting from a few minutes to several hours b) dissociate and be unaware of their surroundings Consider This: Persons with paranoid personality disorder share symptom overlap with schizophrenia. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. c) exhibit hypomanic behaviors Consider This: Persons with paranoid personality disorder share symptom overlap with schizophrenia. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. d) report vivid visual and auditory hallucinations lasting for up to 1 month Consider This: Persons with paranoid personality disorder share symptom overlap with schizophrenia. 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each. Module: Personality Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q10.7 Which of the following reasons best summarizes why histrionic personality disorder was one of the four diagnoses recommended for exclusion from the DSM-5? a) It is very highly comorbid with borderline, antisocial, narcissistic, and dependent personality disorder diagnoses, suggesting it may not be a unique diagnosis. b) There is evidence that it may be over diagnosed in women compared to men. Consider This: Very little research has been conducted on histrionic personality disorder, in part because many do not believe it is a valid diagnosis. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. c) Several criteria for the diagnosis involve maladaptive variants of female-traits. Consider This: Very little research has been conducted on histrionic personality disorder, in part because many do not believe it is a valid diagnosis. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. d) There is some evidence for a genetic link with antisocial personality disorder. Consider This: Very little research has been conducted on histrionic personality disorder, in part because many do not believe it is a valid diagnosis. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Module: Personality Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q10.8 Emily tells her therapist that her husband is dishonest, conceited, arrogant, and demanding but 50 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

also frequently expresses feelings of shame and self-doubt. Based on these behaviors, Emily's therapist feels that her client is married to a __________. a) vulnerable narcissist b) dysthymic narcissist Consider This: Individuals similar to Emily's husband have five-factor traits that include very high levels of negative affectivity/neuroticism. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. c) grandiose narcissist Consider This: Individuals similar to Emily's husband have five-factor traits that include very high levels of negative affectivity/neuroticism. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. d) manic narcissist Consider This: Individuals similar to Emily's husband have five-factor traits that include very high levels of negative affectivity/neuroticism. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Module: Personality Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q10.9 Which child exhibits behaviors that might be predictive of an antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) as an adult? a) Ben, who at age 6 was described as hyperactive, hostile, and defiant with authority figures b) Craig, who at age 7 had few friends and was described as aloof and distant Consider This: Individuals similar to Emily's husband have five-factor traits that include very high levels of negative affectivity/neuroticism. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. c) Andrew, who as a preschooler was easily overwhelmed, did not like preschool, and exhibited sensitivity to textures, noise, and temperature Consider This: Individuals similar to Emily's husband have five-factor traits that include very high levels of negative affectivity/neuroticism. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. d) Philip, a child known to have periodic temper tantrum "meltdowns" during his preschool years but was generally compliant with adults Consider This: Individuals similar to Emily's husband have five-factor traits that include very high levels of negative affectivity/neuroticism. 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share. Module: Personality Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult 51 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q10.10 Schizoid and avoidant personality disorders are similar in that, in the case of both diagnoses, people are socially isolated. However, they are different in that the person with a diagnosis of schizoid personality disorder __________, whereas the person diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder __________. a) has little desire to form close relationships; wants interpersonal contact but is hypersensitive to criticism b) is extremely suspicious of the motives of others; can appear too trusting and open with others Consider This: With one of the diagnoses, patients present as cold and aloof. With the other diagnosis, patients appear shy and insecure. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. c) enjoys work that is solitary and analytical; prefers working in settings that involve contact with others Consider This: With one of the diagnoses, patients present as cold and aloof. With the other diagnosis, patients appear shy and insecure. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. d) often reports a childhood history of abuse; often reports a childhood history of neglect Consider This: With one of the diagnoses, patients present as cold and aloof. With the other diagnosis, patients appear shy and insecure. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Module: Personality Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q10.11 Carrie becomes frantic when her husband goes out of town for a business trip. She is very passive and submissive in her marriage and seems incapable of making independent decisions. Based on these observations, what diagnosis best represents Carrie's behaviors? a) dependent personality disorder b) avoidant personality disorder Consider This: Individuals with this disorder lack confidence even when they possess good work skills and have a range of competencies. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. c) histrionic personality disorder Consider This: Individuals with this disorder lack confidence even when they possess good work skills and have a range of competencies. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. d) borderline personality disorder Consider This: Individuals with this disorder lack confidence even when they possess good work skills and have a range of competencies. 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Answer: a 52 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each. Module: Personality Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q10.12 In Western cultures, personal ambition and success are encouraged and reinforced. Consequently, the percentage of persons diagnosed with __________ personality disorder is higher than in other, non-Western cultures. a) narcissistic b) borderline Consider This: It has been suggested that contemporary culture's emphasis on pain-free, selffocused lifestyles could contribute to the increased presence of certain personality disorders. 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. c) antisocial Consider This: It has been suggested that contemporary culture's emphasis on pain-free, selffocused lifestyles could contribute to the increased presence of certain personality disorders. 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. d) paranoid Consider This: It has been suggested that contemporary culture's emphasis on pain-free, selffocused lifestyles could contribute to the increased presence of certain personality disorders. 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders. Module: Personality Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q10.13 It has been suggested that individuals with personality disorders are less responsive to psychological treatment because __________. a) people with personality disorders have rigid, ingrained personality traits that often lead to poor therapeutic relationships b) symptoms of despair and hopelessness, which are key issues for personality disorder patients, interfere with the momentum needed to make treatment an effective experience Consider This: Patients with personality disorders often resist following through on therapeutic suggestions that would improve their condition. 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. c) insurance companies are often not willing to reimburse for treatment with a personality disorder diagnosis. Consequently, treatment is frequently too brief in duration to impact patients' lives Consider This: Patients with personality disorders often resist following through on therapeutic suggestions that would improve their condition. 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. 53 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) people with personality disorders are so flexible in their traits that it becomes difficult for the therapist to pinpoint treatment goals Consider This: Patients with personality disorders often resist following through on therapeutic suggestions that would improve their condition. 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used. Module: Personality Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q10.14 In comparing the criteria for antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with that of an earlier diagnosis of psychopathy, it has been agreed that the two diagnoses have a lot of overlap. However, the diagnosis of ASPD __________, whereas the diagnosis of psychopathy __________. a) is more inclusive and reflects a lot of criminality; is narrower and much more focused on personality structure b) is narrower and much more focused on personality structure; is more inclusive and reflects a lot of criminality Consider This: More recent changes in the DSM diagnosis have emphasized behavioral criteria as it is felt to be more reliable. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. c) limits its focus to observable behaviors; considers cognitive structures underlying observed behaviors Consider This: More recent changes in the DSM diagnosis have emphasized behavioral criteria as it is felt to be more reliable. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. d) considers cognitive structures underlying observed behaviors; limits its focus to observable behaviors Consider This: More recent changes in the DSM diagnosis have emphasized behavioral criteria as it is felt to be more reliable. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Module: Personality Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q10.15 Which component of psychopathy would you expect to decrease with age? a) Which component of psychopathy would you expect to decrease with age? b) egocentrism Consider This: There appears to be a reduction in criminal behavior after age 40 among 54 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

psychopaths. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. c) exploitative affect Consider This: There appears to be a reduction in criminal behavior after age 40 among psychopaths. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. d) callousness Consider This: There appears to be a reduction in criminal behavior after age 40 among psychopaths. 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder. Module: Personality Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 11: Substance-Related Disorders Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Learning Objective

Question Type

Introduction

Multiple Choice Short Answer

Remember the Facts

Understand the Concepts

Apply What You Know

Analyze It

8, 14

5, 7

21, 22, 31

1 66

Essay 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence.

Multiple Choice

2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 6, 9, 15 12, 13, 16, 17

Short Answer

67, 68

Essay 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder.

Multiple Choice

18, 29, 30, 32, 19, 20, 23, 24, 33 26, 27, 28

Short Answer

70, 71, 72, 73

Essay 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders.

Multiple Choice

77, 78 36, 38, 39, 46

Short Answer

34, 37, 42, 43

35, 40, 41, 44 74

Essay 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder.

Multiple Choice

47, 48, 49

Short Answer Essay

11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body.

Multiple Choice

50, 51, 52, 53

Short Answer

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Essay 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects.

Multiple Choice

54, 57

Short Answer Essay

11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain.

Multiple Choice Short Answer Essay

11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens.

Multiple Choice

61, 62

Short Answer

Essay 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs.

Multiple Choice

79 64, 65

Short Answer Essay

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 11: Substance-Related Disorders MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Why does it make sense to view addiction as a mental disorder? a. The symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance. b. The most effective treatments are psychological. c. Neurochemical imbalances underlie the problematic behaviors observed. d. Substance abuse frequently develops in an attempt to self-medicate negative mood states. Answer: a Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. How does the World Health Organization (WHO) define heavy episodic drinking? a. The consumption of a minimum of four alcoholic drinks in one sitting at least once a month b. The consumption of four alcoholic drinks per day for at least three days in a week c. The consumption of a minimum of six alcoholic drinks in one sitting at least once a month d. The consumption of one alcoholic drink per day for at least five days per week Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3. What percentage of people in the United States meet DSM-5 criteria for alcohol use disorder at some point in their lifetime? a. 15 percent b. 20 percent c. 25 percent d. 30 percent Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Demographics of Alcohol Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

4. Which of the following is a true statement about alcohol use? a. Alcoholism is extremely serious but rarely fatal. b. Alcoholism is more common in women than in men. c. Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide. d. Alcoholism is strongly associated with accidental death, but not with violent acts. Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Demographics of Alcohol Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 5. Which of the following is an accurate statement about alcohol use? a. The lifetime prevalence for alcoholism in the United States is about 30 percent. b. The average life span of an alcoholic is 12 years shorter than that of the average citizen. c. Although alcohol impairs motor behavior, it does not lower performance on complex cognitive tasks. d. Alcohol abuse is a “pure” disorder, with less than 5 percent of alcohol abusers having a coexisting mental disorder. Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Demographics of Alcohol Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 6. At low levels, alcohol’s effect on the brain is __________; at higher levels, alcohol’s effect is __________. a. to inhibit glutamate (an excitatory neurotransmitter); to release opiumlike endorphins b. too minimal to have an impact; massive and excitatory c. depressive; excitatory d. to activate the brain’s “pleasure centers”; to depress brain functioning Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Clinical Picture of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 7. What evidence is there that the legal definition of alcohol intoxication—a blood alcohol content of 0.08—should be reconsidered? 4 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. Most alcohol-related accidents occur at much lower blood alcohol levels. b. Most alcohol-related accidents occur at much higher blood alcohol levels. c. Few people show any impairment at this blood alcohol level. d. Judgment becomes impaired long before this blood alcohol level is reached. Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Clinical Picture of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 8. Hayden used to become intoxicated after five drinks. Now he needs eight or nine to get the same effect. This is an example of __________. a. a psychoactive substance abuse disorder b. tolerance c. withdrawal symptoms d. an organic impairment Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Clinical Picture of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 9. Which of the following best explains why women tend not to “hold their booze” as well as men? a. Women tend to eat less. b. Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men. c. Women usually drink more quickly than men. d. Women tend to drink mixed drinks, while men prefer beer. Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Clinical Picture of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 10. Which of the following statements accurately reflects the recommendation of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regarding alcohol consumption during pregnancy? a. No more than two beers in a week during the first trimester, and no more than three beers a week in the second and third trimesters. b. No more than two glasses of wine in a week during the first trimester, and no more than three glasses of wine a week in the second and third trimesters. 5 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. No alcohol during the first trimester, and limit alcoholic drinks to three per week in the second and third trimesters. d. There is no safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy or while trying to get pregnant. Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Clinical Picture of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 11. Cirrhosis of the liver __________. a. is a rare complication of alcoholism b. is due to an allergic-type reaction to alcohol c. is caused by the added work of metabolizing excessive amounts of alcohol d. is debilitating but rarely fatal Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Clinical Picture of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 12. Malnutrition __________. a. does not occur in alcoholics, because alcohol provides both calories and nutrients b. only occurs when alcoholics are destitute and not able to afford to purchase food c. may occur in alcoholics, because alcohol interferes with the body’s ability to use nutrients d. is rare among alcoholics because alcohol is most commonly consumed with food Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Clinical Picture of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 13. Alcohol withdrawal delirium __________. a. occurs when alcohol and other drugs are used simultaneously b. most commonly occurs in alcoholics who suffer from a mood or personality disorder c. typically lasts from three to six days d. is characterized by dissociative and amnesic symptoms Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Clinical Picture of Alcohol-Related Disorders 6 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 14. Burnett was admitted to the hospital in a state of withdrawal from alcohol. She was diagnosed with alcohol withdrawal delirium (formerly known as delirium tremens). She most likely showed which of the following behaviors? a. Delusions of grandeur and an inability to get to sleep b. Disorientation for time and place, and vivid hallucinations c. Severe memory deficit and the tendency to falsify reporting events (confabulation) d. Prolonged sleep followed by convulsions and heart failure Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Clinical Picture of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 15. Which of the following is a consequence of organic impairment resulting from long-term substance use, as opposed to drug toxicity? a. Alcohol amnestic disorder b. Alcoholic intoxication c. Amphetamine delusional disorder d. Cannabis delirium Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Clinical Picture of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 16. The central feature of alcohol amnestic disorder is __________. a. the presence of hallucinations b. a deep sleep, following which the individual has no memory of past events c. acute fear and extreme suggestibility d. a memory defect for recent events Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Clinical Picture of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 17. Alcohol amnestic disorder (Korsakoff’s syndrome) may occur due to __________. 7 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. low vitamin B (thiamine) levels b. decreased GABA levels c. high opioid levels d. impaired serotonergic functioning Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Clinical Picture of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 18. All drugs that people become dependent upon __________. a. are socially accepted and encouraged b. activate pleasure and reward pathways in the brain c. provide the user with renewed energy d. produce withdrawal symptoms when use is ceased Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Biological Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 19. What is the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP)? a. It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs, resulting in pleasurable euphoria. b. It is the area of the brain that is destroyed by alcohol, leading to amnestic disorder. c. It is the area of the brain that sends signals to the liver to metabolize psychoactive drugs. d. It explains why genetically vulnerable individuals have altered brain wave patterns. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Biological Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 20. Studies of the genetics of alcoholism __________. a. have not provided support for the notion that a susceptibility to alcoholism can be inherited b. have been unable to determine if the tendency of alcoholism to “run in families” is a result of environmental or biological factors 8 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse d. have identified the gene that causes alcoholism Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Biological Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 21. Jeremy and Jamal are twins who were born to alcoholic parents and separated at birth. Each was raised by a different nonalcoholic adoptive family. Which of the following statements accurately reflects Jeremy and Jamal’s risk of alcoholism? a. Jeremy and Jamal have a nearly 100 percent chance of developing an alcohol use disorder. b. Jeremy and Jamal are twice as likely to develop an alcohol use disorder. c. Jeremy and Jamal are not at risk of developing an alcohol use disorder, as neither of their adoptive families drinks alcohol. d. Jeremy and Jamal have the same risk of developing an alcohol use disorder as any other adoptive children. Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Biological Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 22. Which of the following men has an alcohol-risk personality? a. Tim, who is shy, anxious, and withdrawn b. Brian, who is organized, detail-oriented, and ambitious c. Sean, who is impulsive, risk-taking, and emotionally unstable d. Art, who is frequently depressed and has a low self-esteem Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Biological Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

23. Rates of alcoholism among Asian populations are __________ than among European peoples. This fact may be related to __________. a. higher; genetic differences in the sensitivity of the MCLP b. higher; genetic differences in the ability to metabolize alcohol c. lower; religious differences in the acceptability of alcohol d. lower; a mutant enzyme that leads to hypersensitive reactions to alcohol Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Biological Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 24. The “alcohol flush reaction” __________. a. is seen during alcohol withdrawal b. produces a spike in blood pressure and body temperature c. produces a drop in blood pressure, heart palpitations, and nausea d. might explain the reduced rate of alcoholism seen among Native American peoples Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Biological Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 25. Which of the following statements reflects the recent research on the correlation between genetics and alcoholism? a. Genetics plays a more significant role than environment in determining who will develop an alcohol-related disorder. b. The majority of children who have parents with alcohol-related problems do not develop alcohol-related disorders. c. Environment plays a more significant role than genetics in determining who will develop an alcohol-related disorder. d. The majority of children who develop alcohol-related problems are raised by nonalcoholic parents. Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Biological Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 10 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

26. What parenting behavior of alcohol-abusing parents is most associated with adolescent substance use? a. Overindulging children by giving them too many gifts and privileges b. Restricting children from any form of experimentation with alcohol and other drugs c. Restricting the expression of positive emotions d. Not monitoring the adolescent’s activities Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Psychosocial Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 27. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the relationship between alcohol abuse disorders and other psychological disorders? a. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder. b. Since alcohol has an anti-anxiety effect, most of the people who are alcohol dependent and have another disorder suffer from generalized anxiety disorder. c. Since alcohol has a negative effect on neurotransmitters, it is extremely rare for people with schizophrenia to become alcohol or drug dependent. d. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is obsessivecompulsive personality disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Psychosocial Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 28. The tension-reduction model of alcoholism __________. a. does not explain why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking, while others are not b. suggests that alcoholism is environmentally determined c. proposes that alcoholism is an incurable disease d. provides an explanation for the role that personality traits play in the development of alcohol abuse Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Psychosocial Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 11 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 29. The reciprocal influence model of alcohol use suggests that __________. a. expectancies of social benefit can influence adolescents to begin or continue drinking b. the final common pathway of alcohol use is motivation c. alcoholics are especially intolerant of stress, and thus susceptible to the tensionreducing properties of alcohol d. marital partners may enable each other to continue drinking Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Psychosocial Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 30. Problematic drinking behavior commonly develops during __________. a. a period of great success in an individual’s life b. old age c. crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship d. the transition to middle age Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Psychosocial Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 31. Robert is an alcoholic. His wife, Adele, has a lot of ready excuses to explain his frequent absences to his boss, their friends, and their children. This is an example of __________. a. how marriages between alcoholics often last a long time b. why treatment needs to include identifying factors that may encourage drinking c. how marriage can increase the risk of alcoholism d. why most alcoholics rate their marriages as successful Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Psychosocial Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 32. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism finds that approximately __________ percent of college students drink alcohol, with __________ percent of them reporting academic problems. 12 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. 40; 10 b. 55; 15 c. 65; 20 d. 80; 25 Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Psychosocial Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 33. The incidence of alcoholism among Muslims and Mormons is low because __________. a. individuals who practice these religions are likely to live in areas where alcohol is not readily available b. these religions prohibit alcohol consumption c. members of both groups are likely to have inherited an inability to metabolize alcohol properly d. strong family and community bonds protect these populations from all psychological disorders Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Sociocultural Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.5 Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry. 34. Which of the following is the most significant barrier to getting an alcoholic into treatment? a. The availability of alcohol b. The detoxification process c. Overcoming denial d. Finding a suitable treatment program Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Topic: Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 35. Ryder has been dependent on alcohol for at least ten years. Drinking has ruined his marriage, his occupational standing, and his health. If a friend told Ryder that he needed to enter treatment, and Ryder responded the way that most alcohol-dependent people do, he would probably say, __________. a. “Alcohol is my enemy, but I don’t think I am strong enough to combat it” 13 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. “I have an addictive personality, and without help I will never overcome my addiction” c. “You have a very good point; I need to do some serious thinking about getting treatment” d. “Who do you think you are, attacking me? You are the one with the problem” Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Topic: Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 36. Approximately what percentage of individuals with an alcohol use disorder actually receive treatment for it? a. 25 percent b. 33 percent c. 50 percent d. 66 percent Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Topic: Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 37. The first stage in the treatment of any form of substance dependence is __________. a. group psychotherapy b. treating physical withdrawal symptoms c. the use of Antabuse d. the administration of antidepressants Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Topic: Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 38. What complicates the use of Antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism? a. While it reduces cravings, it does nothing to improve negative mood states. b. There is a risk of dependence. c. It has to be administered intravenously. d. Exposure to all alcohol must be avoided. Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Topic: Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders 14 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 39. Why might opiate antagonists be used in the treatment of alcoholism? a. To minimize withdrawal b. To minimize cravings c. To make alcohol aversive d. To prevent alcohol from acting on the brain’s reward system Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Topic: Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 40. Rayne has been admitted to the hospital and is in acute alcohol withdrawal. She is given the drug __________, part of a category of drugs that are used to ease the physical and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal. a. vitamin B b. Narcan c. Antabuse d. Valium Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Topic: Use of Medications in Treating Alcohol Abuse and Dependency Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 41. Perry and Raquel are both being treated for alcohol dependence with medication. Perry’s medication makes him vomit if he drinks after taking it. Raquel’s medication reduces her craving for alcohol. Most likely, Perry is taking __________, while Raquel is taking __________. a. methadone; Naltrexone b. Naltrexone; methadone c. methadone; Antabuse d. Antabuse; Naltrexone Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Topic: Use of Medications in Treating Alcohol Abuse and Dependency Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

42. Aversive conditioning therapy for alcoholics __________. a. punishes the alcoholic for drinking by making them sick after drinking b. uses educational and life-skills training to help the alcoholic understand the negative aspects of drinking c. includes family members to try to help the alcoholic understand the harm their behaviors have done d. involves pairing alcohol with something unpleasant, like electric shock Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Topic: Psychological Treatment Approaches Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 43. Controlled drinking (i.e., teaching alcoholics to drink in moderation) __________. a. has been generally accepted as a useful treatment b. is incorporated in Brief Motivational Intervention c. works better than complete abstinence d. remains a topic of debate among professionals Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Topic: Controlled Drinking versus Abstinence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 44. “I am a person who has an affliction—I cannot drink like social drinkers. Spiritual change may help me in recovering from my addiction, but I will be an alcoholic for life.” The person who said this would feel most comfortable in __________. a. relapse prevention b. Alcoholics Anonymous c. aversive conditioning treatment d. a replacement program Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Topic: Alcoholics Anonymous Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 45. Which of the following statements reflects the research on success rates for the various alcohol abuse disorder treatments? a. Inpatient treatment is the most successful, no matter the severity of the disorder. b. Treatment is most effective when the individual attends outpatient treatment. c. The twelve-step program Alcoholics Anonymous is associated with a decrease in both long- and short-term drinking. 16 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. Matching patient characteristics to specific treatment approaches is highly effective. Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Topic: Outcome Studies and Issues in Treatment Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 46. What type of treatment focuses primarily on clients learning to recognize situations that are likely to trigger drinking? a. Alcoholics Anonymous b. Motivational enhancement therapy c. Relapse prevention treatment d. Abstinence violation prevention Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Topic: Relapse Prevention Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 47. Which of the following is an opiate? a. Alcohol b. Heroin c. Marijuana d. Tobacco Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. Topic: Substance Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 48. According to a 2018 Monitoring the Future study, what percentage of students in the United States report using illicit drugs at least once before finishing high school? a. 10 percent b. 23 percent c. 34 percent d. 49 percent Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. Topic: Substance Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy 17 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 49. Which of the following is a hallucinogen? a. Amphetamine b. Cocaine c. Marijuana d. Xanax Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. Topic: Substance Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 50. The term “soldier’s illness” refers to veterans’ unintended addiction to morphine upon returning to civilian life following __________. a. the American Revolution b. the Civil War c. World War II d. the Vietnam War Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. Topic: Opium and Its Derivatives Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 51. Opium and its derivatives __________. a. typically take several months to produce physiological cravings b. cause withdrawal symptoms in addicts within approximately eight hours of the last dose c. always cause near fatal withdrawal symptoms d. cause amnesia with long-term use Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. Topic: Biological Effects of Morphine and Heroin Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

52. Endorphins __________. a. have been found to play a role in ending drug use b. are opium-like substances produced by the body c. are opium-like substances created synthetically to replace heroin d. are overproduced in the brains of addicts Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. Topic: Neural Bases for Physiological Addiction Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 53. The use of buprenorphine in the treatment of heroin dependence and in heroin abstinence works best when coupled with __________. a. methadone b. behavior therapy c. inpatient therapy d. antidepressants Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. Topic: Treatments and Outcomes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 54. The primary effect of __________ is to block the presynaptic dopamine transporter, increasing the availability of dopamine in the synapse. a. alcohol b. tobacco c. LSD d. cocaine Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Topic: Cocaine Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 55. Which of the following is an accurate statement about crack cocaine use? a. Because crack cocaine is inexpensive, users do not have the life problems seen in other addicted populations. b. Chronic users develop sexual dysfunctions and a disinterest in sex. c. Research suggests that there is no fetal crack syndrome. 19 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. Because crack cocaine is associated with passivity and depression, chronic users are less likely to die violent deaths than other addicted populations. Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Topic: Cocaine Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 56. Danny is excited about his new truck-driving position. He purchased a new cab and is looking forward to running his first cross-country route. He plans to drive through the night to try to make his delivery early. What illicit drug is likely to keep Danny the most alert and awake? a. Caffeine b. Methedrine c. Methadone d. Cocaine Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Topic: Amphetamines Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 57. Today, physicians occasionally prescribe amphetamines __________. a. for weight gain b. for staying awake, such as to drive or study c. to treat hyperactive children d. to treat depression in children Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Topic: Amphetamines Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 58. Which of the following has legitimate medical uses but is also associated with both physiological and psychological dependence and lethal overdoses? a. Cocaine b. Barbiturates c. Heroin d. LSD Answer: b 20 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. Topic: Sedatives Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 59. Which of the following individuals is most likely to be dependent on barbiturates? a. A teenaged boy who is often impulsive and aggressive b. An undereducated member of a minority group who has antisocial personality disorder c. An anxious young adult who takes the drugs to feel more confident d. Middle-aged and older persons who use them as sleeping pills Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. Topic: Causal Factors in Barbiturate Abuse and Dependence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 60. Barbiturate withdrawal __________. a. is similar to withdrawal from cocaine and opium b. is more dangerous and long-lasting than opiate withdrawal c. causes psychological distress but no withdrawal symptoms d. lasts for a short time but is very painful Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. Topic: Treatments and Outcomes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 61. An involuntary reoccurrence of perceptual distortions can occur weeks or months after taking a particular drug. The phenomenon is called __________, and the drug is called __________. a. amphetamine psychosis; amphetamine b. a flashback; LSD c. a rush; LSD d. a blackout; alcohol Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Topic: LSD Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 62. Bryce has been using marijuana daily for more than six years. If he stops using the drug, he might experience __________. 21 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. withdrawal-like symptoms such as nervousness and changes in sleeping and eating b. a period of extreme depression and lethargy, but no physiological symptoms c. a potentially lethal withdrawal phase d. slowed reaction times, increased heart rate, and memory dysfunction Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Topic: LSD Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 63. What is the neurological mechanism responsible for the euphoric high associated with the use of ecstasy? a. It triggers the release of massive amounts of serotonin and blocks its reuptake. b. It blocks the release of melatonin, the body’s natural sleeping pill. c. It increases the flow of blood to the brain, resulting in a natural high. d. It exponentially increases the amount of endorphins produced in the body. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Topic: Ecstasy Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 64. Which of the following comments is indicative of a gambling disorder? a. Paxton states, “I’ve tried about six times to just stop gambling, or to stay away from the off-track betting, but I love those ponies!” b. Patty tells her friend Sandy, “I get irritable and anxious when I am playing the slot machines!” c. Sherrod tells his wife, “I only gamble for fun, or when I’m feeling on top of the world.” d. Marcy says to her mother, “I only play blackjack when I’m in one of my euphoric manic phases, and I usually have great luck!” Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. Topic: Gambling Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 65. More positive outcomes have been reported when __________ for gambling disorder. a. aversive therapy is part of the treatment b. medication is employed as part of the treatment c. group therapy is included in the treatment plan d. family relationship problems are addressed in the treatment 22 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. Topic: Gambling Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. SHORT ANSWER 66. Name and describe the two phenomena that are seen when a person has a physiological need for a psychoactive substance. Answer: Tolerance: the need for increased amounts of the substance to gain the desired effect. Withdrawal: physical symptoms, such as sweating or tremors, that occur when a person abstains from the substance. Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 67. What is alcohol’s effect on the brain at low doses? What is its effect at high doses? Answer: At low doses, alcohol activates the brain’s “pleasure center,” which releases endorphins and produces a sense of well-being. At higher doses, alcohol depresses the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, which slows brain activity. The effect is that it impairs learning, judgment, and self-control. Coordination, speech, and vision are also impaired. Eventually, a person passes out. If they do not pass out, at concentrations above 0.55 percent, alcohol poisoning is fatal. Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Clinical Picture of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 68. Nutritional deficiencies are common in alcoholics. Provide two different reasons for this. Answer: Alcohol is high in calories, but it has no real nutritional value. Thus the alcoholic may not eat properly. Alcohol also compromises the body’s ability to use ingested nutrients, so even if food high in nutritional value is ingested, the nutrients will not be fully available to the body. Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Clinical Picture of Alcohol-Related Disorders 23 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 69. What causes alcohol amnestic disorder? Answer: Alcohol amnestic disorder, also known as Korsakoff’s syndrome, is the result of a lack of vitamin B (thiamine). Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Topic: The Clinical Picture of Alcohol-Related Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 70. Why do substances such as alcohol and cocaine develop an overpowering hold on people, sometimes after only a few uses? Answer: These substances have the ability to activate areas of pleasure in the brain. Also, people’s biological makeup (such as their genes) and environmental influences make them more susceptible. Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Biological Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 71. What inherited factors might put one at greater risk for developing alcoholism? Answer: It has been demonstrated that personality variables such as impulsiveness and emotional instability might be associated with a greater likelihood of developing alcoholism. Physiological differences in responses to alcohol have also been seen in pre-alcoholic men with a family history of alcoholism. It may be that those who are vulnerable to alcoholism derive more pleasure from alcohol use and/or may have a larger conditioned response to alcohol-related cues. Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Biological Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 72. Why does the tension-reduction hypothesis fail to explain the development of alcohol dependence?

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: If the sole explanation for the development of alcoholism were the ability of alcohol to alleviate stress, the incidence of alcoholism would be much higher than it is. Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Psychological Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 73. What evidence is there that cultural attitudes play a role in the development of alcohol abuse? Answer: Cultural factors can either decrease or increase the likelihood of alcohol abuse. Muslims and Mormons prohibit alcohol use, and Orthodox Jews limit its use to religious rituals. All three groups have very low rates of alcoholism. In Europe, where half the alcohol in the world is consumed, alcohol abuse is a big problem. France has the highest per capita alcohol consumption and death rate from cirrhosis. Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Sociocultural Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 74. Describe and give an example of the abstinence violation effect. Answer: Just as when one cheats on a diet there may be a tendency to engage in a binge, the same is often seen when the abstinent alcoholic slips. A single drink to toast a wedding or a friend’s graduation—clearly a violation of abstinence—is likely to result in a binge, and the loss of many gains achieved in treatment, as the violation of abstinence is viewed as a sign of failure. The individual may believe that they have “blown it” and will rationalize continued drinking. Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Topic: Relapse Prevention Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 75. List some commonly known names of synthetic cannabinoids and describe their effects. Answer: Known by such names as Spice, K2, and Blaze, synthetic cannabinoids mimic the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), causing marijuana-like intoxication by binding with CB1 receptors. They are much more likely to cause serious side effects such as anxiety, hypertension, heart palpitations, seizures, and psychosis-like effects. Learning Objective: 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Topic: Marijuana 25 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 76. What is pathological gambling? Why is it considered an addictive disorder when no chemically addictive substances are involved? Answer: Pathological gambling, also known as compulsive gambling or disordered gambling, is a progressive disorder characterized by continuous loss of control over gambling, a preoccupation with gambling and with obtaining money for gambling, and continuation of the gambling behavior in spite of adverse consequences. It is considered to be an addictive disorder because of the personality factors that tend to characterize compulsive gamblers. Like the substance abuse disorders, pathological gambling involves behavior maintained by short-term gains, despite long-term disruption of an individual’s life. Learning Objective: 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. Topic: Gambling Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. ESSAY 77. Explain what all abused substances have in common. What are some inherited factors that might lead to an increased vulnerability to substance abuse? Answer: It would be expected that abused substances would share some common effects on the brain, and there is evidence of this. It appears that drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, and opium all act on a system in the brain that is involved in pleasure. Thus, these drugs act on a system in the brain that normally serves to reward behaviors that are beneficial. While psychoactive drugs may have similar effects in the brain of everyone, there is evidence that those with a genetic predisposition for substance abuse may show an altered response to drugs. Males who are genetically predisposed to develop alcoholism, for example, appear to feel greater stress reduction than others when they drink alcohol, and show other physiological differences in how they respond to alcohol. It is believed that these differences can explain the observed role of genes in the development of substance use disorders. Altered drug responsiveness, as well as personality traits, may be inherited and result in a greater risk of substance abuse and dependence. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 4 points for explanation of reward system involvement, 3 points for each of two inherited factors that increase vulnerability. Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Biological Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 26 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 78. What is the evidence for and against genetics in alcoholism? Answer: Having one or two parents with alcoholism increases the risk of a child also having it. Adopted children whose biological parents had alcoholism have a higher risk than if their biological parents did not have alcoholism, even if their adoptive parents did. Differences have been found in pre-alcoholic men—men with alcoholic parents who are not yet alcoholic—such as different physiological reactions to alcohol and greater conditioned response to alcohol cues. Certain ethnic groups have abnormal physiological reactions to alcohol that seem to make them more or less likely to develop alcoholism. However, genetics cannot fully explain the patterns and changes in alcoholism. Most children of alcoholics do not become alcoholic, regardless of whether they were raised by their parents. Some studies have found no differences in the children of alcoholics and the children of nonalcoholics. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 5 for evidence for and 5 for evidence against. Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Topic: Biological Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 79. Compare mescaline and psilocybin. Describe their historic use and how they are used in modern society. Answer: Mescaline is a hallucinogen derived from the top of the peyote cactus, while psilocybin comes from a variety of “sacred” Mexican mushrooms. Before the Spanish invasion, the Aztecs used these drugs in ceremonial rites. They are still used in ceremonial rites among the native peoples of Mexico, the American Southwest, and Central and South America. The effects of the drugs result in users feeling as if they are being transported into another reality. Many use them as a method to “expand their consciousness,” create ideas, and/or alter experiences. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 5 for the comparison, 2.5 for historic use, 2.5 for modern-day use. Learning Objective: 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Topic: Mescaline and Psilocybin Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module Quiz 11.1: Alcohol-Related Disorders EOM Q11.1.1 The World Health Organization (WHO) defines heavy episodic drinking as __________. a) the consumption of six or more alcoholic drinks on at least one occasion at least once per month b) the consumption of alcohol to the point of passing out at least twice per month Consider This: What does the WHO define as a threshold between alcohol use and heavy drinking? 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. c) the consumption of six or more alcoholic drinks within 3 hours or less at least three times per month Consider This: What does the WHO define as a threshold between alcohol use and heavy drinking? 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. d) a drinking pattern defined by the consumption of six or more drinks in a 4-hour-or-less time period at least once per week Consider This: What does the WHO define as a threshold between alcohol use and heavy drinking? 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Module: Alcohol-Related Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q11.1.2 Barney, age 50, drank heavily for the past 30 years. He has now been sober for one year. Since being sober, he has shown difficulty with remembering recent conversations with family and coworkers, cannot recall the names of people he has met in the past 6 months, and appears confused and disoriented. What DSM-5 alcohol-related disorder is consistent with these observations about Barney? a) alcohol amnestic disorder b) delirium tremens Consider This: This condition was first described by the Russian psychiatrist Korsakoff in 1887 and is one of the most severe alcohol-related disorders. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. c) alcohol-related withdrawal syndrome Consider This: This condition was first described by the Russian psychiatrist Korsakoff in 1887 and is one of the most severe alcohol-related disorders. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. d) alcohol abuse syndrome Consider This: This condition was first described by the Russian psychiatrist Korsakoff in 1887 28 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

and is one of the most severe alcohol-related disorders. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Module: Alcohol-Related Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.1.3 Approximately __________ percent of people in the United States meet criteria for alcohol use disorder at some point in their lifetimes. a) 1 Consider This: Approximately half of the correct percent meets criteria within the past year. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. b) 5 Consider This: Approximately half of the correct percent meets criteria within the past year. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. c) 15 Consider This: Approximately half of the correct percent meets criteria within the past year. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. d) 30 Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Module: Alcohol-Related Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.1.4 Martin began drinking alcohol during college. He drinks daily. Initially, he drank a couple of beers each evening. He now consumes six to 12 bottles of beer each evening. When asked why he drinks so much, Martin replied, "It takes at least a six-pack to feel anything." Martin's increased need for alcohol to achieve the same effects is an example of __________. a) tolerance b) withdrawal Consider This: This results from biochemical changes in the body that affect the rate of metabolism and elimination of the substance from the body. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. c) delirium tremens avoidance Consider This: This results from biochemical changes in the body that affect the rate of metabolism and elimination of the substance from the body. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. d) the effects of a deteriorating liver Consider This: This results from biochemical changes in the body that affect the rate of metabolism and elimination of the substance from the body. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Answer: a 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Module: Alcohol-Related Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.1.5 Elaine's mother drank frequently during her pregnancy. At birth, Elaine's appearance was striking as she was noted to have a low nasal bridge, ear abnormalities, and a thin upper lip. What would Elaine most likely be diagnosed as having? a) fetal alcohol syndrome b) fetal alcohol syndrome Consider This: Prenatal exposure to alcohol can cause structural changes in facial features. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. c) Down syndrome Consider This: Prenatal exposure to alcohol can cause structural changes in facial features. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. d) Turner's syndrome Consider This: Prenatal exposure to alcohol can cause structural changes in facial features. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Module: Alcohol-Related Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 11.2: Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder EOM Q11.2.1 The alcohol flush response is caused by a(n) __________. a) an enzyme that fails to break down alcohol molecules in the liver during the metabolic process b) deficiency of neurotransmitters in the liver which contributes to insufficient breakdown of alcohol molecules Consider This: This physiological reaction may relate to lower rates of alcohol use disorder among Asian groups. What genetically based physiological anomalies could contribute to the response? 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. c) insufficient quantity of alcohol dehydrogenase in the stomach Consider This: This physiological reaction may relate to lower rates of alcohol use disorder among Asian groups. What genetically based physiological anomalies could contribute to the response? 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. d) inability for catalase to metabolize sufficient quantities of alcohol in the brain Consider This: This physiological reaction may relate to lower rates of alcohol use disorder among Asian groups. What genetically based physiological anomalies could contribute to the response? 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

use disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Module: Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.2.2 The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) indicates that approximately __________ college students drink alcohol and __________ of students who drink engage in binge drinking. a) four out of five; half b) two out of three; one-third Consider This: Approximately 25 percent of college students experience academic problems as a result of drinking. 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. c) two out of five; one-fourth Consider This: Approximately 25 percent of college students experience academic problems as a result of drinking. 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. d) one out of four; half Consider This: Approximately 25 percent of college students experience academic problems as a result of drinking. 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Module: Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q11.2.3 An alcohol-risk personality has been described as an individual who has an inherited predisposition toward alcohol abuse, and who __________. a) is impulsive, prefers taking high risks, and is emotionally unstable b) scores high on the five-factor traits of neuroticism, extroversion, and openness to experience Consider This: What personality characteristics would most likely contribute to someone developing a heavy drinking pattern? 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. c) has a pre-existing psychological disorder such as anxiety or depression Consider This: What personality characteristics would most likely contribute to someone developing a heavy drinking pattern? 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. d) is methodical, cautious, and controlling Consider This: What personality characteristics would most likely contribute to someone 31 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

developing a heavy drinking pattern? 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Module: Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.2.4 The reciprocal-influence model suggests that adolescents begin drinking as a result of __________. a) expectations that using alcohol will increase their popularity and acceptance by their peers b) an attempt to reduce pressures associated with transitioning to the responsibilities of adult life Consider This: This model has encouraged the development of prevention programs aimed at developing social tools and changing adolescent expectancies about drinking. 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. c) an expectation that they will be seen as more masculine by engaging in an activity that is associated with older adults Consider This: This model has encouraged the development of prevention programs aimed at developing social tools and changing adolescent expectancies about drinking. 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. d) social expectations that one should drink in order to be a member of one's reciprocal culture Consider This: This model has encouraged the development of prevention programs aimed at developing social tools and changing adolescent expectancies about drinking. 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Module: Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.2.5 The tension-reduction causal model is difficult to accept as a sole explanatory hypothesis for alcohol use because __________. a) if tension-reduction were the main factor, one would expect substance-abuse disorder to be far more common since alcohol tends to reduce tension for most people who use it b) most individuals who experience extreme levels of tension and who are in high-tension occupations tend to have lower levels of substance abuse and dependence Consider This: Note that this model does not address why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking and continue to function. 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. c) over time, most individuals who abuse alcohol do not receive tension-reducing benefits when they drink Consider This: Note that this model does not address why some excessive drinkers are able to 32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

maintain control over their drinking and continue to function. 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. d) low rates of alcohol abuse and dependence are found with individuals who score high on measures of hypervigilance, a trait highly correlated with the subjective experience of tension Consider This: Note that this model does not address why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking and continue to function. 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Module: Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 11.3: Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders EOM Q11.3.1 The drug naltrexone is used to treat alcohol use by __________. a) reducing the craving for alcohol by blocking its pleasure-producing effects b) causing violent vomiting following the ingestion of alcohol Consider This: Naltrexone is an opiate antagonist that has yielded some promising treatment results. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. c) stabilizing brain chemistry during alcohol withdrawal Consider This: Naltrexone is an opiate antagonist that has yielded some promising treatment results. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. d) inducing uncomfortable body reactions such as itching, hot flashes, and belching Consider This: Naltrexone is an opiate antagonist that has yielded some promising treatment results. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Module: Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.3.2 With aversive conditioning therapy, __________. a) the patient experiences the presentation of noxious stimuli paired with alcohol consumption in order to suppress drinking behavior b) the patient participates in family therapy sessions where family members confront the patient on how his or her alcohol use has harmed them Consider This: Aversive conditioning therapy works on the principles of classical conditioning. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. c) the patient makes a list of all the individuals he or she has harmed through substance abuse and constructs a plan for making amends to those that he or she has harmed Consider This: Aversive conditioning therapy works on the principles of classical conditioning. 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. d) the patient reconstructs narratives he or she has about his or her substance use into selfdenigrating narratives Consider This: Aversive conditioning therapy works on the principles of classical conditioning. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Module: Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.3.3 Some detoxification clinics are concerned about the use of tranquilizers during the alcohol detoxification phase of treatment because __________. a) tranquilizers do not promote long-term recovery and may simply transfer the addiction to another substance b) tranquilizers may physically increase nervous system activity such as heart rate and blood pressure in a person who is already experiencing a slowing of nervous system function as a consequence of chronic alcohol use Consider This: Patients usually must learn to abstain from tranquilizers as well as from alcohol because they tend to misuse both. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. c) tranquilizers cannot be used with patients who have medical problems, which most alcoholics have Consider This: Patients usually must learn to abstain from tranquilizers as well as from alcohol because they tend to misuse both. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. d) the calming effect of tranquilizers may reduce treatment motivation Consider This: Patients usually must learn to abstain from tranquilizers as well as from alcohol because they tend to misuse both. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Module: Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.3.4 The "skills training procedure," usually aimed at younger problem drinkers, is comprised of __________. a) cognitive-behavioral strategies of intervention with social-learning theory b) skills from psychodynamic insight-oriented treatment Consider This: Methods used with the skills training procedure include imparting specific knowledge about alcohol and developing coping skills. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcoholrelated disorders. c) social learning constructs with medical treatment Consider This: Methods used with the skills training procedure include imparting specific knowledge about alcohol and developing coping skills. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcoholrelated disorders. 34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) medical management of the addiction with stress-inoculation training Consider This: Methods used with the skills training procedure include imparting specific knowledge about alcohol and developing coping skills. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcoholrelated disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Module: Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.3.5 Which of the following best describes the state of research regarding whether "abstinence only" versus learning "controlled drinking" leads to the best long-term treatment outcomes for alcohol use disorder? a) There is evidence that at least some percentage of people with a history of alcohol use disorder can learn to control their drinking. b) Abstinence is the only way for people with a history of alcohol use disorder to prevent relapse. Consider This: Research suggests that the severity of alcohol use disorder might impact the effectiveness of these approaches. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. c) Learning to engage in "controlled drinking" is associated with the best long-term treatment outcomes. Consider This: Research suggests that the severity of alcohol use disorder might impact the effectiveness of these approaches. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. d) There is no longer a debate regarding "abstinence only" versus learning "controlled drinking" in the treatment of alcohol use disorder. Consider This: Research suggests that the severity of alcohol use disorder might impact the effectiveness of these approaches. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Module: Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 11.4: Substance Use Disorder EOM Q11.4.1 Drug abuse and dependence are most common during __________. a) adolescence and young adulthood b) old age Consider This: Many lifelong patterns of behavior are established during a particular stage of life. 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. c) middle-age Consider This: Many lifelong patterns of behavior are established during a particular stage of life. 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. d) middle and older age 35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Many lifelong patterns of behavior are established during a particular stage of life. 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. Module: Substance Use Disorder Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q11.4.2 According to the Monitoring the Future Study, almost __________ percent of U.S. students have used illicit drugs one or more times by the time they finish high school. a) 5 Consider This: An approximately 27 million Americans aged 12 years or older report illicit drug use at some point in the past year. 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. b) 10 Consider This: An approximately 27 million Americans aged 12 years or older report illicit drug use at some point in the past year. 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. c) 30 Consider This: An approximately 27 million Americans aged 12 years or older report illicit drug use at some point in the past year. 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. d) 50 Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. Module: Substance Use Disorder Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q11.4.3 People who abuse drugs __________. a) show markedly different behaviors depending on the type, amount, and duration of drug use b) engage in specific types of behavior, making drug use easily identifiable Consider This: There are several different classes of drugs that lead to very different psychophysiological effects. 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. c) can be treated using the same approaches, regardless of drug type Consider This: There are several different classes of drugs that lead to very different psychophysiological effects. 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. d) do not show improvements with treatment Consider This: There are several different classes of drugs that lead to very different psychophysiological effects. 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with 36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

substance use disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. Module: Substance Use Disorder Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 11.5: Opium and Its Derivatives EOM Q11.5.1 The brain and pituitary gland produce __________, an opium-like substance. a) endorphins b) dopamine Consider This: This is a neurotransmitter associated with the "runner's high," a phenomenon experienced by distance-running athletes. 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. c) serotonin Consider This: This is a neurotransmitter associated with the "runner's high," a phenomenon experienced by distance-running athletes. 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. d) acetylcholine Consider This: This is a neurotransmitter associated with the "runner's high," a phenomenon experienced by distance-running athletes. 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. Module: Opium and Its Derivatives Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q11.5.2 Which of the following can help explain the quadrupling of opioid-related overdose deaths between 1999 to 2010? a) The amount of opioids sold to doctors and hospitals quadrupled over the same period. b) The amount of opioids sold illegally quadrupled over the same period. Consider This: Opioids are primarily used to treat pain, and these drugs tend to be acquired legally. 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. c) The U.S. Congress enacted the Harrison Act. Consider This: Opioids are primarily used to treat pain, and these drugs tend to be acquired legally. 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. d) Humans are experiencing more health problems causing pain, which require doctors to prescribe opioids. Consider This: Opioids are primarily used to treat pain, and these drugs tend to be acquired legally. 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. 37 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. Module: Opium and Its Derivatives Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q11.5.3 Researchers note that some people have difficulty experiencing pleasure from naturally occurring rewards that, to most people, are satisfying. Consequently, these individuals are compelled to seek out additional sources of pleasure through activities such as drug use. This hypothesis is called the __________. a) reward deficiency syndrome hypothesis b) dopamine deficiency hypothesis Consider This: Research suggests genetic, neural, and environmental factors interact to lead to addictive behavior. 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. c) endorphin replacement hypothesis Consider This: Research suggests genetic, neural, and environmental factors interact to lead to addictive behavior. 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. d) dopamine suppression hypothesis Consider This: Research suggests genetic, neural, and environmental factors interact to lead to addictive behavior. 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. Module: Opium and Its Derivatives Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.5.4 To reduce drug use over the long-term, treatment for heroin addiction should attempt to __________. a) reduce cravings for the drug b) reduce withdrawal symptoms Consider This: Withdrawal from heroin, although very unpleasant, does not impact this key feature of heroin addiction. 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. c) reduce tolerance Consider This: Withdrawal from heroin, although very unpleasant, does not impact this key feature of heroin addiction. 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. d) increase tolerance Consider This: Withdrawal from heroin, although very unpleasant, does not impact this key feature of heroin addiction. 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. Module: Opium and Its Derivatives 38 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult End of Module Quiz 11.6: Stimulants EOM Q11.6.1 __________ may have an anti-anxiety property; its use has been noted to be highly prevalent among those with anxiety disorders. a) Nicotine b) Cocaine Consider This: A dependence syndrome that often begins in adolescence is associated with this drug. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. c) Amphetamine Consider This: A dependence syndrome that often begins in adolescence is associated with this drug. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. d) Caffeine Consider This: A dependence syndrome that often begins in adolescence is associated with this drug. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Module: Opium and Its Derivatives Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.6.2 A change in the DSM-5 criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has resulted in expanding the population of patients who can receive this diagnosis to now include adults, which may lead to a much greater use of stimulants by adults. Concern has been expressed that __________. a) the expansion could lead to widespread misuse of stimulant drugs for performance enhancement and recreation use, adding to the already extensive problem of stimulant abuse b) use of the drug by adults as a means of accomplishing more work might result in less attention paid to work-life balance Consider This: Some clinicians fear that the change in criteria could trigger a fad of diagnosing adult attention-deficit disorder. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. c) the energy provided by the stimulant drugs can mask underlying fatigue associated with nutritional deficits, a developing health problem, or a psychological issue such as depression Consider This: Some clinicians fear that the change in criteria could trigger a fad of diagnosing adult attention-deficit disorder. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. d) an uptick in alcohol use disorders should occur as a result of expanded stimulant drug use Consider This: Some clinicians fear that the change in criteria could trigger a fad of diagnosing adult attention-deficit disorder. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Module: Opium and Its Derivatives 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.6.3 Drugs such as __________ have been used as part of psychological therapy in treating cocaine dependence as these drugs reduce cravings and increase the likelihood of treatment compliance. a) naltrexone and methadone b) naloxone and buprenorphine Consider This: Tension and depression are often issues when cocaine use has been discontinued. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. c) Antabuse Consider This: Tension and depression are often issues when cocaine use has been discontinued. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. d) Adderall and naloxone Consider This: Tension and depression are often issues when cocaine use has been discontinued. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Module: Opium and Its Derivatives Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.6.4 Which of the following forms of psychological treatment has demonstrated effectiveness for the treatment of cocaine abusers? a) cognitive behavioral therapy and contingency management b) psychodynamic psychotherapy Consider This: Effective therapy focuses on skills intended to help cocaine abusers navigate daily life and difficult situations without using. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. c) systematic desensitization Consider This: Effective therapy focuses on skills intended to help cocaine abusers navigate daily life and difficult situations without using. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. d) interpersonal therapy Consider This: Effective therapy focuses on skills intended to help cocaine abusers navigate daily life and difficult situations without using. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Module: Opium and Its Derivatives Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.6.5 Since the passage of the Controlled Substance Act of 1970, amphetamines have been classified 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

as a __________ drug, which means __________. a) Schedule II; these drugs have a high abuse potential and require a prescription for each purchase b) Schedule I; there is a lack of accepted safety for use of these drugs or other substances under medical supervision Consider This: Regulation changes have resulted in a decline in medical use of amphetamines in the U.S., as they are more difficult to obtain legally. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. c) Schedule III; abuse of these drugs may lead to low or moderate physical dependence or high psychological dependence Consider This: Regulation changes have resulted in a decline in medical use of amphetamines in the U.S., as they are more difficult to obtain legally. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. d) Schedule IV; these drugs have a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs in Schedule III Consider This: Regulation changes have resulted in a decline in medical use of amphetamines in the U.S., as they are more difficult to obtain legally. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Module: Opium and Its Derivatives Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 11.7: Sedatives EOM Q11.7.1 The individuals who are most likely to develop barbiturate dependency are __________. a) middle-aged and older adults b) inner-city youth Consider This: Barbiturate abusers are often referred to as "silent abusers" because they take the drugs in the privacy of their homes and ordinarily do not become public nuisances. 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. c) adolescents and college students Consider This: Barbiturate abusers are often referred to as "silent abusers" because they take the drugs in the privacy of their homes and ordinarily do not become public nuisances. 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. d) young-adult shift workers Consider This: Barbiturate abusers are often referred to as "silent abusers" because they take the drugs in the privacy of their homes and ordinarily do not become public nuisances. 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. Module: Sedatives Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate 41 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q11.7.2 Excessive doses of barbiturates can be lethal because barbiturates __________. a) paralyze the brain's respiratory centers b) can cause arrhythmias of the heart Consider This: Barbiturates slow down the action of the CNS. 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. c) increase blood pressure to the point of precipitating a stroke or heart attack Consider This: Barbiturates slow down the action of the CNS. 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. d) interfere with the amygdala's ability to consistently relay messages to higher brain centers Consider This: Barbiturates slow down the action of the CNS. 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. Module: Sedatives Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.7.3 Compared with opiate withdrawal, barbiturate withdrawal __________. a) is more dangerous, severe, and long-lasting b) is less severe and quickly remedied Consider This: Individuals going through barbiturate withdrawal are apprehensive and anxious; an acute delirious psychosis may also develop. 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. c) is similar in intensity and duration Consider This: Individuals going through barbiturate withdrawal are apprehensive and anxious; an acute delirious psychosis may also develop. 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. d) responds well to the same types of medical withdrawal aids Consider This: Individuals going through barbiturate withdrawal are apprehensive and anxious; an acute delirious psychosis may also develop. 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. Module: Sedatives Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 11.8: Hallucinogens EOM Q11.8.1 Jessa has been using __________ daily for several years which his psychologist thinks may be related to his recent experiences with extreme anxiety, depression, hallucinations, and other 42 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

psychotic-like symptoms. a) marijuana b) nicotine Consider This: This drug can also cause a slowing of information processing. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. c) Adderall Consider This: This drug can also cause a slowing of information processing. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. d) methadone Consider This: This drug can also cause a slowing of information processing. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Module: Hallucinogens Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q11.8.2 Abraham and Wolf (1988) compared subjects who had used LSD 2 years earlier with a matched group of control subjects. Compared to the controls, the subjects with the history of LSD use __________. a) had reduced visual sensitivity to light during dark adaptation and showed other visual problems b) demonstrated no significant differences when evaluated with perceptual and intellectual tasks Consider This: LSD users can experience flashbacks where an involuntary recurrence of perceptual distortions or hallucinations occurs weeks or months after taking the drug. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. c) appeared much more sensitive to temperature and touch Consider This: LSD users can experience flashbacks where an involuntary recurrence of perceptual distortions or hallucinations occurs weeks or months after taking the drug. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. d) had enhanced perception of upper register sound Consider This: LSD users can experience flashbacks where an involuntary recurrence of perceptual distortions or hallucinations occurs weeks or months after taking the drug. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Module: Hallucinogens Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.8.3 __________ is considered both a hallucinogen and a stimulant. a) Ecstasy b) Marijuana Consider This: This drug is often used at "raves" or nightclubs to enhance one's energy level and 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

mood. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. c) A synthetic cathinone Consider This: This drug is often used at "raves" or nightclubs to enhance one's energy level and mood. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. d) LSD Consider This: This drug is often used at "raves" or nightclubs to enhance one's energy level and mood. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Module: Hallucinogens Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q11.8.4 A short-range effect associated with marijuana use is __________. a) memory dysfunction and a slowing of information processing b) flashbacks Consider This: Sustained use of marijuana at high dosages can produce lethargy and passivity. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. c) excess physical energy and agitation Consider This: Sustained use of marijuana at high dosages can produce lethargy and passivity. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. d) difficulties with balance and coordination Consider This: Sustained use of marijuana at high dosages can produce lethargy and passivity. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Module: Hallucinogens Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.8.5 Which substance binds with CB1 receptors in the nervous system and can produce marijuanalike intoxication? a) synthetic cannabinoids b) Cannabinor Consider This: Drugs like this are much more likely to have serious adverse side effects such as anxiety, tachycardia, hypertension, heart palpitations, seizures, and psychosis-like effects. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. c) Rimonabant Consider This: Drugs like this are much more likely to have serious adverse side effects such as anxiety, tachycardia, hypertension, heart palpitations, seizures, and psychosis-like effects. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. d) synthetic cathimodes Consider This: Drugs like this are much more likely to have serious adverse side effects such as anxiety, tachycardia, hypertension, heart palpitations, seizures, and psychosis-like effects. 11.8 44 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

List four different types of hallucinogens. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Module: Hallucinogens Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 11.9: Gambling Disorder EOM Q11.9.1 Operant learning principles may explain why pathological gamblers, who may have experienced positive reinforcement with early wins, will continue to gamble in the face of loss. The gambling persistence may be sustained due to the influence of a(n) __________ schedule of reinforcement. a) intermittent b) continuous Consider This: This reinforcement schedule is the most potent of operant conditioning schedules. 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. c) interval Consider This: This reinforcement schedule is the most potent of operant conditioning schedules. 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. d) ratio Consider This: This reinforcement schedule is the most potent of operant conditioning schedules. 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. Module: Gambling Disorder Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q11.9.2 The number of pathological gamblers in the United States has been __________. a) increasing b) decreasing Consider This: The increase in Internet gambling sites and state-operated lotteries for tax revenues has impacted pathological gambling numbers in the U.S. 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. c) stable for the past 30 years Consider This: The increase in Internet gambling sites and state-operated lotteries for tax revenues has impacted pathological gambling numbers in the U.S. 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. d) fluctuating in response to changes in the economy Consider This: The increase in Internet gambling sites and state-operated lotteries for tax revenues has impacted pathological gambling numbers in the U.S. 11.9 Explain whether there 45 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. Module: Gambling Disorder Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q11.9.3 Research has shown that pathological gambling often co-occurs with other disorders. Which of the following co-occurring types of disorders are associated with the most severe forms of pathological gambling? a) substance-abuse disorders b) mood disorders Consider This: The causes of impulse-driven behavior in pathological gambling may be related to early trauma, genetics, or specific neurodevelopmental events during adolescence. 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. c) personality disorders Consider This: The causes of impulse-driven behavior in pathological gambling may be related to early trauma, genetics, or specific neurodevelopmental events during adolescence. 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. d) schizophrenia spectrum disorders Consider This: The causes of impulse-driven behavior in pathological gambling may be related to early trauma, genetics, or specific neurodevelopmental events during adolescence. 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. Module: Gambling Disorder Skill Level: Moderate Difficulty Level: Understand EOM Q11.9.4 Which of the following is the most common treatment for pathological gambling? a) cognitive-behavioral therapy b) antidepressant medications Consider This: Treatments for pathological gambling tend to parallel treatments for substance use disorders. 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. c) antipsychotic medications Consider This: Treatments for pathological gambling tend to parallel treatments for substance use disorders. 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. d) Gambler's Anonymous Consider This: Treatments for pathological gambling tend to parallel treatments for substance use disorders. 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and 46 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

drugs. Module: Gambling Disorder Skill Level: Moderate Difficulty Level: Understand End of Chapter Quiz: Substance-Related Disorders EOC Q11.1 In most U.S. states, a person is considered legally intoxicated for driving when the concentration of alcohol in the bloodstream reaches __________ percent. a) 0.08 b) 0.10 Consider This: This percentage reflects the amount of alcohol concentrated in bodily fluids, not the amount consumed. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. c) 0.18 Consider This: This percentage reflects the amount of alcohol concentrated in bodily fluids, not the amount consumed. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. d) 0.06 Consider This: This percentage reflects the amount of alcohol concentrated in bodily fluids, not the amount consumed. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Module: Substance-Related Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q11.2 Bob, after going on a week-long alcohol binge, has not had any alcoholic drinks in the last 24 hours. He states there are rats running across the floor (though no one else sees the rats), exhibits trembling in his hands, and cannot identify where he is when taken to the hospital. Bob is likely experiencing __________. a) alcohol withdrawal delirium b) schizophrenia Consider This: Treatment with Librium can reduce the intensity of symptoms and can circumvent possible death. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. c) acute alcohol deficiency Consider This: Treatment with Librium can reduce the intensity of symptoms and can circumvent possible death. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. d) delusional disorder Consider This: Treatment with Librium can reduce the intensity of symptoms and can circumvent possible death. 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence. Module: Substance-Related Disorders Skill Level: Remember 47 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q11.3 The __________ is central to the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine and in mediating the rewarding properties of drugs. a) mesocorticolimbic pathway b) cerebral peduncle Consider This: This pathway runs from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens to the prefrontal cortex. 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. c) tuberoinfundibular pathway Consider This: This pathway runs from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens to the prefrontal cortex. 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. d) nigrostriatal pathway Consider This: This pathway runs from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens to the prefrontal cortex. 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Module: Substance-Related Disorders Skill Level: Moderate Difficulty Level: Understand EOC Q11.4 Which of the following might explain why Muslims, Mormons, and orthodox Jews report lower incidence of alcohol use disorders? a) Religious values place rules around the consumption of alcohol. b) These groups are known to underreport symptoms of mental illness. Consider This: Cultural attitudes tend to impact incidence of alcohol use and abuse. 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. c) These groups report the lowest levels of stigma toward alcohol use, thus decreasing the likelihood that their members will develop alcohol use disorders. Consider This: Cultural attitudes tend to impact incidence of alcohol use and abuse. 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. d) These groups are most likely to experience the "alcohol flush reaction," which involves discomfort upon the consumption of alcohol. Consider This: Cultural attitudes tend to impact incidence of alcohol use and abuse. 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder. Module: Substance-Related Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy 48 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q11.5 The Alcoholics Anonymous model believes that __________, and thus one __________. a) one is never cured of alcoholism; is always considered to be "in recovery" b) spiritual enlightenment leads to healing; must remain committed to psychodevelopmental growth Consider This: The AA model attempts to make sobriety more manageable by stressing that alcoholism is bigger than the individual. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. c) alcoholism develops from guilt over past transgression; must atone for one's wrongdoing Consider This: The AA model attempts to make sobriety more manageable by stressing that alcoholism is bigger than the individual. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. d) controlled drinking is possible in the right setting; should plan a drinking event to occur in a "safe" setting Consider This: The AA model attempts to make sobriety more manageable by stressing that alcoholism is bigger than the individual. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Module: Substance-Related Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q11.6 In relapse prevention treatment, participants are taught to __________. a) recognize the apparently irrelevant decisions that serve as early warning signals of the possibility of relapse b) connect with old friends when tempted to drink Consider This: Participants learn to see relapse as an opportunity to reassess and make adjustments to one's personal sobriety program. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. c) focus on meditation and spiritual retreats Consider This: Participants learn to see relapse as an opportunity to reassess and make adjustments to one's personal sobriety program. 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. d) engage in activities and spiritual pursuits that explore issues from their childhood Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Module: Substance-Related Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q11.7 Among people who are employed, people __________ are most likely to report past month drug use. a) 18 years of age or younger b) 18 to 25 years of age Consider This: The overall frequency of illegal drug use was 8.2 percent, but it was 19 percent 49 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

for people in this age group. 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. c) 26 to 34 years of age Consider This: The overall frequency of illegal drug use was 8.2 percent, but it was 19 percent for people in this age group. 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. d) 35 to 64 years of age Consider This: The overall frequency of illegal drug use was 8.2 percent, but it was 19 percent for people in this age group. 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder. Module: Substance-Related Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q11.8 When compared to heroin, methadone is __________. a) equally addictive in a physiological sense but produces less psychological impairment b) more addictive in a physiological sense and known to produce less psychological impairment Consider This: If administered in a treatment program in conjunction with other therapies, methadone maintenance can contribute to reduced drug use. 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. c) produces a greater rush or high but does satisfy the cravings associated with heroin Consider This: If administered in a treatment program in conjunction with other therapies, methadone maintenance can contribute to reduced drug use. 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. d) less likely to produce long-term addiction but more likely to be misused Consider This: If administered in a treatment program in conjunction with other therapies, methadone maintenance can contribute to reduced drug use. 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. Module: Substance-Related Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q11.9 It is suggested that a __________ in the brain plays a primary role in the " wanting" or anticipation of reward; however, __________ seems to play a primary role in the "liking" or consumption of rewarding stimuli. a) dopaminergic pathway; the opioid system b) serotonin pathway; a dopaminergic pathway Consider This: Multiple pathways appear to be involved in establishing and maintaining an addiction. Which pathways have a documented relationship with drug use? 11.5 Describe the 50 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. c) monoamine pathway; the opioid system Consider This: Multiple pathways appear to be involved in establishing and maintaining an addiction. Which pathways have a documented relationship with drug use? 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. d) dopaminergic pathway; a monoamine pathway Consider This: Multiple pathways appear to be involved in establishing and maintaining an addiction. Which pathways have a documented relationship with drug use? 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body. Module: Substance-Related Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q11.10 How does cocaine affect the brain? a) Cocaine blocks the presynaptic dopamine transporter, thus increasing the availability of dopamine in the synapse and increasing the activation of the receiving cells. b) Cocaine increases the amount of dopamine released in the brain reward system and mimics the effects of endogenous endorphins. Consider This: The escalation of activity of a specific neurotransmitter in the nucleus accumbens may play an important role in cocaine addiction. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. c) Cocaine disrupts the delicate balance between inhibitory and olfactory neurotransmitters. Consider This: The escalation of activity of a specific neurotransmitter in the nucleus accumbens may play an important role in cocaine addiction. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. d) Cocaine suppresses the release of glutamate which in turn changes the pace of neural transmission in the brain. Consider This: The escalation of activity of a specific neurotransmitter in the nucleus accumbens may play an important role in cocaine addiction. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Module: Substance-Related Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q11.11 __________ is sometimes referred to as "poor people's cocaine," producing a long-lasting high because it is metabolized slowly. a) Methamphetamine b) Crank Consider This: This drug is relatively cheap to manufacture and can be made using items legally purchased. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. 51 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c) Ecstasy Consider This: This drug is relatively cheap to manufacture and can be made using items legally purchased. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. d) Ketamine Consider This: This drug is relatively cheap to manufacture and can be made using items legally purchased. 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects. Module: Substance-Related Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q11.12 Tolerance for barbiturates follows a different pattern than opiate tolerance in that __________. a) tolerance for barbiturates does not increase the amount of drug needed to cause death b) tolerance for barbiturates increases at a much more rapid pace than that of opiates Consider This: As a result of the amount of barbiturates used, users can easily ingest fatal overdoses, either intentionally or accidentally. 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. c) cocaine tolerance involves a significantly larger amount of drug than that of barbiturates to cause death Consider This: As a result of the amount of barbiturates used, users can easily ingest fatal overdoses, either intentionally or accidentally. 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. d) withdrawal from barbiturates is much less severe and resolves more rapidly than withdrawal from opiates Consider This: As a result of the amount of barbiturates used, users can easily ingest fatal overdoses, either intentionally or accidentally. 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain. Module: Substance-Related Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q11.13 __________ is a hallucinogen that is derived from the small, disc-like growths at the top of the peyote cactus. a) Mescaline b) Atropa belladonna Consider This: This drug has been used for centuries in the ceremonial rites of Native peoples living in Mexico, the American Southwest, and Central and South America. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. c) Iboga Consider This: This drug has been used for centuries in the ceremonial rites of Native peoples living in Mexico, the American Southwest, and Central and South America. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. d) Marijuana Consider This: This drug has been used for centuries in the ceremonial rites of Native peoples 52 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

living in Mexico, the American Southwest, and Central and South America. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Module: Substance-Related Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q11.14 Studies have shown that a high percentage of pathological gamblers __________. a) commit crimes related to family violence and aggression b) exhibit low degrees of religiosity Consider This: Pathological gambling tends to have far-reaching consequences for not only the gambler, but also for others in their life. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. c) experience a high degree of life satisfaction Consider This: Pathological gambling tends to have far-reaching consequences for not only the gambler, but also for others in their life. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. d) had parents that would be characterized as overindulgent Consider This: Pathological gambling tends to have far-reaching consequences for not only the gambler, but also for others in their life. 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens. Module: Substance-Related Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q11.15 Which of the following best describes one reason that pathological gambling is considered an addictive disorder? a) Substance use and gambling disorders are maintained by short-term gains despite long-term problems caused from these behaviors. b) The DSM is becoming overly liberal with diagnoses included in the manual. Consider This: Pathological gambling is a progressive disorder characterized by continuous loss of control over gambling. 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. c) Gambling disorder exclusively co-occurs with other addictive disorders. Consider This: Pathological gambling is a progressive disorder characterized by continuous loss of control over gambling. 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. d) Gambling disorder tends to occur after the development of substance use disorders, suggesting that addictive disorders cause gambling disorder. Consider This: Pathological gambling is a progressive disorder characterized by continuous loss of control over gambling. 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs. Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and 53 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

drugs. Module: Substance-Related Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 12: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Learning Objective

Question Type

Introduction

Multiple Choice

Remember the Facts

Understand the Concepts

Apply What You Know

Analyze It

1, 2

Short Answer Essay 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction.

Multiple Choice

3, 4, 5, 7

Short Answer

6 66

Essay 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men.

Multiple Choice

11, 12, 13, 14, 8, 9, 10 15

Short Answer

67, 68

Essay 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women.

Multiple Choice

21, 22

18, 19, 20

Short Answer

Essay 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria.

Multiple Choice

24, 25, 27

Short Answer Essay

26 70

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders.

Multiple Choice

29, 31, 32, 34, 28, 30, 33, 41, 35, 36, 37, 38 42

Short Answer

39, 40

Essay 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse.

Multiple Choice

Short Answer

51, 52, 54, 63

44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 64

50, 59

72, 73

Essay

43, 53, 55, 56

75, 76, 77

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 12: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Research about sexuality is __________. a. one of the earliest areas of research in psychology b. limited because there are relatively few forms of abnormal sexual behavior c. surprisingly limited, due to taboos about sex practices, feelings, and attitudes d. abundant, although it is plagued by methodological problems Answer: c Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. According to your textbook, a significant reason why the progression of sex research is not as rapid as that of other research areas is __________. a. that issues related to sexuality are some of society’s most divisive and controversial b. the overarching power of religious groups c. the hesitation of most to be a participant in sex research d. the ongoing refusal of private funding agencies to provide research support Answer: c Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3. Sexual dysfunction is __________. a. the inability of a man to find a satisfying date b. impairment of sexual desire or sexual gratification c. a female’s desire to seek out more than one sexual partner d. the primary reason people take a vow of celibacy Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

4. The first phase of the human sexual response is __________. a. arousal b. desire c. orgasm d. resolution Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 5. Jennifer and her partner enjoy a healthy and satisfying sexual relationship. Jennifer is feeling relaxed and has an overwhelming sense of well-being. According to the normal sexual arousal cycle, what phase is Jennifer in? a. Desire b. Arousal c. Resolution d. Orgasm Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 6. DSM-5 combined two separate disorders in women to create the category of female sexual interest/arousal disorder. What was the primary motivation of this change from DSM-IV? a. Research indicates that women have fewer sexual disorders than men. b. A significant goal of DSM-5 was to reduce the number of categorized disorders. c. Research has not demonstrated that sexual interest and arousal are distinguishable in women. d. There is less research on male disorders than female disorders. Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 7. An international group of sex researchers has found that up to __________ percent of women and__________ percent of men experience sexual dysfunction. a. 24; 8 4 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. 30; 17 c. 40; 28 d. 45; 32 Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 8. Which of the following is a symptom of male hypoactive sexual desire disorder? a. Marked difficulty in obtaining an erection during sexual activity b. Marked difficulty in maintaining an erection until the completion of sexual activity c. Persistently or recurrently deficient (or absent) sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies and desire for sexual activity for at least six months d. Marked fear or anxiety about vulvovaginal or pelvic pain in anticipation of, during, or as a result of vaginal penetration. Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions in Men Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 9. One common predictor of low sexual desire in men is __________. a. lack of a romantic partner b. video game overuse c. young children at home d. daily alcohol use Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Topic: Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 10. According to Barlow and colleagues, the role of anxiety in erectile dysfunction __________. a. has been shown not to exist b. actually enhances performance c. is less important than the distraction of thinking about it d. is the main problem Answer: c

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Topic: Erectile Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 11. What percentage of men taking antidepressants, particularly SSRIs, experience erectile problems? a. 30 percent b. 50 percent c. 80 percent d. 90 percent Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Topic: Erectile Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 12. Which of the following is a frequent cause of erectile disorder in older men? a. Vascular dementia b. Arrhythmia c. High blood pressure d. Elevated cholesterol Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Topic: Erectile Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 13. Which of the following is a true statement about the effectiveness of medications used to treat erectile dysfunction? a. Viagra lasts longer than Cialis or Levitra, at up to 36 hours. b. Cialis increases sexual satisfaction. c. Viagra works by making nitric oxide more available. d. None of the erectile dysfunction medications should be used when taking cholesterollowering medicines. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. 6 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Erectile Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 14. What is the average length of time to ejaculation in men with premature ejaculation? a. fifteen seconds b. one minute c. twenty minutes d. four hours Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Topic: Premature (Early) Ejaculation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 15. What is the most commonly diagnosed sexual dysfunction in males under the age of 60? a. Erectile dysfunction b. Premature ejaculation c. Inability to reach orgasm d. Low libido Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Topic: Premature (Early) Ejaculation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 16. Which of the following individuals is most likely to suffer from delayed ejaculation disorder? a. Paul, who is taking an SSRI for depression b. Carson, who is getting regular allergy injections c. Zeke, who is uncircumcised d. Dak, who was recently diagnosed with tachycardia Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Topic: Delayed Ejaculation Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 17. Which of the following is a possible psychological cause of female sexual arousal disorder? a. Antidepressant medication b. Reduced level of testosterone c. Early sexual trauma d. Lower tactile sensitivity Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Topic: Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 18. Which of the following is a possible physical cause of female sexual arousal disorder? a. Antihistamine medication b. Reduced level of testosterone c. High levels of cholesterol d. Lower tactile sensitivity Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Topic: Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 19. Recently, __________ has been re-evaluated, and many prominent sex researchers now consider it to be a physical, medical problem rather than a psychological one. a. male hypoactive sexual desire disorder b. female sexual interest/arousal disorder c. delayed ejaculation disorder d. genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Topic: Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

20. Chelsea is readily excitable and enjoys sexual activity, but she consistently experiences delayed orgasm, or absence of orgasm. What is Chelsea’s likely diagnosis? a. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder b. Female orgasmic disorder c. Delayed desire disorder d. Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Topic: Female Orgasmic Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 21. What age range has the highest rates of female orgasmic disorder? a. 17 to 20 b. 21 to 24 c. 25 to 28 d. 45 to 48 Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Topic: Female Orgasmic Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 22. One proposed hypothesis that may explain female orgasmic disorder is that it is caused by __________. a. a woman’s fear of not being sexually attractive to her sexual partner b. a woman’s desire to please her partner, while sacrificing her own needs c. a dislike of or disinterest in sexual activity d. sexual inexperience Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Topic: Female Orgasmic Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 23. Cross-gender identification is characteristic of __________. a. transvestic fetishism b. exhibitionism c. frotteurism 9 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. gender dysphoria Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Topic: Gender Dysphoria Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 24. Michael has always felt like he was really a girl. He dressed in girls’ clothing as a child and still wants to be a girl. He is sure that a mistake was made and that he is inhabiting a wrongsexed body. Michael’s symptoms suggest a diagnosis of __________. a. frotteurism b. gender dysphoria c. transvestic fetishism d. homosexuality Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Topic: The Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 25. Patricia, age ten, refuses to wear dresses and insists on being called Pat. She knows she is a girl, but she says boys have it better. She prefers playing with boys and only plays the games they play. She says she wants to be a football player and a mother when she grows up. Pat has __________. a. transsexualism b. transvestism c. gender identity disorder d. no disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Topic: The Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 26. Which of the following statements accurately describes an effective treatment for gender dysphoria? a. Sexual reassignment surgery before the end of puberty makes the transition easier. b. Treating young children with hormones corrects the dysphoria, and the child develops normally. c. Since most children with gender dysphoria do not become adults with gender dysphoria, treatment is likely not necessary. d. Religious-based residential conversion therapy programs eliminate gender dysphoria. 10 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Topic: Treatment for Gender Dysphoria Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 27. As a child, Sam had gender dysphoria. Now 26, and feeling trapped in a man’s body, he wants to become a woman. Which of the following statements accurately describes Sam’s prognosis? a. Sam will accept his dysphoria but live his adult life identifying as a male. b. Sam is at significant risk of suffering from self-injury and suicidal thoughts. c. Sam will need to undergo sex reassignment surgery if he wishes to live a happy life. d. Sam will overcome his dysphoria through ongoing and intense psychotherapy. Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Topic: Treatment for Gender Dysphoria Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 28. What is a paraphilia? a. An abnormal level of sexual desire and behavior, whether homosexual or heterosexual b. An impairment in the desire for sexual gratification or a dysfunction in achieving it c. A recurrent and distressing pattern of excluding all sexual behaviors except for masturbation d. Persistent sexual behavior patterns in which unusual objects or situations are required for sexual satisfaction Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 29. For a person to be diagnosed with a paraphilic disorder, __________. a. the paraphilia must cause harm b. the person must be male c. the person must be female d. the paraphilia must involve an inanimate object Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 30. The most common theory about voyeurs is that __________. a. they become classically conditioned to respond in a stronger way to the female body than most males b. they have difficulty relating to women and find that peeping satisfies their needs in a way that feels safe and powerful c. they were exposed to excess male hormones during prenatal development d. with the advent of more sexually explicit movies and magazines, voyeurism is quickly becoming extinct Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Topic: Voyeuristic Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 31. What is the most common sexual offense reported to the police in the United States, Canada, and Europe? a. Exhibitionism b. Voyeurism c. Frotteurism d. Pedophilia Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Topic: Exhibitionistic Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 32. Frotteurism is __________. a. sexual arousal by rubbing one’s genital area against a nonconsenting person b. sexual arousal in a male achieved exclusively through masturbation c. the inability of males to be aroused by anything except inanimate objects d. sexual arousal in males by the thought of having their sex organs removed Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Topic: Frotteuristic Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

33. What kind of behaviors might be practiced in the sexually oriented BDSM subculture found in large urban communities? a. Tying a person up and engaging in spanking or hitting b. Violence that often leads to death c. The use of large amounts of illegal drugs d. Filming and distribution of child pornography Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Topic: Sexual Sadism Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 34. The __________ enjoys inflicting pain, while the __________ desires pain and degradation. a. masochist; sadist b. voyeur; sadist c. sadist; masochist d. sadist; voyeur Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Topic: Sexual Sadism Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 35. Serial killers tend to be __________. a. pedophiles b. masochists c. voyeurs d. sexual sadists Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Topic: Sexual Sadism Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 36. Most sadists are __________. a. heterosexual men b. homosexual men c. heterosexual women d. homosexual women Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. 13 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Sexual Sadism Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 37. Which of the following disorders is associated with engaging in autoerotic asphyxia? a. Transvestic fetishism b. Scatologia c. Frotteurism d. Masochism Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Topic: Sexual Masochism Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 38. In __________, the individual has recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, and behaviors involving the use of some inanimate object or a part of the body not typically found erotic. a. transvestism b. gender identity disorder c. homosexuality d. fetishistic disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Topic: Fetishistic Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 39. Jaclyn has a shoe fetish—she is not able to enjoy sex unless her partner is wearing her shoes. She needs to be touching the shoes in order to achieve sexual gratification. She becomes aroused by the sight of her own shoes. What is unusual about Jaclyn’s case of shoe fetishism? a. Most fetishes involve animate objects. b. Sexual dysfunction is usually seen in the fetishist. c. Partners are usually not involved. d. Female fetishists are rare. Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Topic: Fetishistic Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 14 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 40. Gary is sexually aroused by dressing in women’s clothing. He sometimes steals the clothes from women and stores. He has a wife and is happy in his marriage. Gary’s most likely diagnosis is __________. a. fetishism b. gender identity disorder c. exhibitionism d. transvestic disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Topic: Transvestic Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 41. A man who is aroused by the thought of himself as a woman has the paraphilia known as __________. a. transvestism b. transsexualism c. protophilia d. autogynephilia Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Topic: Transvestic Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 42. Money and others have suggested that men are more vulnerable to paraphilias because __________. a. they are more easily aroused than women b. developing an attachment to an inanimate object is just a reflection of the male tendency to objectify women c. lasting maternal conflicts leave men unable to develop healthy sexual relationships with women d. sexual arousal in men is more visually based than sexual arousal of women Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Topic: Causal Factors and Treatments for Paraphilic Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 43. Which of the following is a true statement about childhood sexual abuse?

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. Victims of childhood sexual abuse are twice as likely to develop a later mental disorder as those who were not abused. b. Childhood sexual abuse usually does not have lasting consequences. c. While being sexually abused, most children dissociate during the actual sex act. d. The most common short-term consequences demonstrated by the abused are aggression and other acting-out behaviors. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Childhood Sexual Abuse Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 44. The McMartin Preschool case demonstrates how __________. a. interviewing style can alter the nature of a child’s testimony b. psychotherapy can reveal repressed memories of abuse c. the public prefers to deny the reality of childhood sexual abuse d. children will not misreport experiences of sexual abuse, because they are such traumatic events Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Childhood Sexual Abuse Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 45. Research on memory finds that __________. a. memory is highly accurate b. false memories can be experimentally induced c. false “recovered memories” only develop under hypnosis d. children are no more likely than adults to provide inaccurate testimony Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Childhood Sexual Abuse Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 46. In DSM-5, pedophilic disorder __________. a. is defined by the age of the preferred partner. b. is defined by the behaviors exhibited. c. is defined by the bodily maturity of the preferred partner. d. is not a diagnostic category; the disorder is part of the legal system Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Pedophilic Disorder 16 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 47. It is quite rare for pedophilia to __________. a. involve a female pedophile b. involve sexual penetration or violence c. occur in children between eight and eleven d. include manipulation of the child’s genitals Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Pedophilic Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 48. Terrance is a pedophile. If his sexual responsiveness is similar to that found in studies of pedophiles, he will respond to erotic pictures of __________. a. female children, but not female adults b. male and female children, but not female adults c. children more than erotic pictures of adults d. male children, but not female adults Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Pedophilic Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 49. __________ often desire mastery or dominance over others, will idealize who they are with for their simplicity and innocence, and believe that the other person benefits from sexual contact. a. Masochists b. Pedophiles c. Fetishists d. Voyeurs Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Pedophilic Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 50. Which of the following individuals best embodies the most common type of pedophile? a. Wilhelm, who is sadistic and enjoys causing pain 17 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. Barrett, who is interpersonally unskilled and feels in control when dominating a weaker person c. Chuck, who is bisexual but cannot respond sexually to adult men or women d. Garry, who has low self-esteem and fantasizes about being dominated by others in sexual relationships Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Pedophilic Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 51. Incest __________. a. is an accepted practice in many cultures b. commonly occurs in most animal species c. has only occurred among first cousins d. was once used to protect the royal blood in Egypt Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Incest Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 52. The most common form of incest is between __________. a. brother and sister b. father and daughter c. mother and son d. brother and brother Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Incest Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 53. Regarding cross-cultural similarities and differences concerning sexual behavior, which of the following statements is accurate? a. Taboos on sex between close relatives are virtually universal among the world’s societies. b. Only in Western societies do men place greater emphasis on a partner’s attractiveness. c. In a specific culture, sexual attitudes and practices tend to be quite stable over hundreds of years. d. In most cultures, people are highly tolerant of sexual nonconformity. 18 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Incest Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 54. Statutory rape __________. a. describes sexual activity that occurs under actual or threatened forcible coercion b. is sexual activity with a person who is under the age of 18 c. is sexual activity with a person who is legally defined to be under the age of consent d. occurs when a rape victim has said no Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Rape Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 55. Sexual assault differs from rape in terms of __________. a. the age distribution of the victims b. whether the victim was also at fault c. the type of unwanted sexual contact d. the age of the perpetrator Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Rape Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 56. Studies of sex offenders suggest that __________. a. the feminist view of rape as an act of aggression rather than sex is accurate b. about half of rapists are motivated purely by aggression and the rest by distorted sexual motives c. all rapists are motivated by both aggression and distorted sexual motives d. rape is normal sexual behavior for young adult males Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Rape Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 57. Males who have been raped __________. 19 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. show long-term psychological distress similar to that experienced by women b. show less long-term psychological distress than women c. show different long-term psychological symptoms than women d. never report it Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Rape Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 58. Rape shield laws __________. a. limit the amount of information that can be used in court about a defendant’s past crimes b. limit the amount of information that can be used in court about the mental health status of a defendant c. limit the amount of information that can be used in court about a victim’s past sexual history d. are no longer used Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Rape Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 59. Which of the following individuals best fits the subset of rapists known as “date rapists”? a. Parker, a 19-year-old white male university student from a wealthy family b. Lyle, a 45-year-old black man who works for a cable company c. Jaleel, a 30-year-old Asian man who lives with his parents d. Carlos, a 67-year-old Hispanic man who is married, with teenage children Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Rape Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 60. A common personality characteristic of rapists is __________. a. sexual sadism b. impulsivity c. empathy d. extroversion Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Rape 20 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 61. The recidivism rate for rapists __________. a. suggests that neither incarceration nor treatment is an effective approach to dealing with this type of crime b. is much higher than is suggested by the media c. has been declining since the introduction of mandatory chemical castration d. decreases steadily with age Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Treatment and Recidivism of Sex Offenders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 62. Which of the following sex offenders is most likely to reoffend? a. A 25-year-old pedophile b. A 30-year-old rapist c. A 20-year-old convicted of statutory rape d. An 80-year-old sadist Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Treatment and Recidivism of Sex Offenders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 63. Aversion therapy may involve __________. a. exposure to a foul odor when becoming sexually aroused by a deviant stimulus b. rewarding appropriate sexual responses c. continuous masturbation to a paraphilic fantasy d. repeated expression of aggressive feelings to the point of exhaustion Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Treatment and Recidivism of Sex Offenders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 64. What do the drugs Lupron and Depo-Provera have in common? a. They are medications used for men with erectile dysfunction. b. They are the only drugs proven to increase sexual desire. c. They are drugs used to modify the feelings and thoughts of transsexuals. 21 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. They are drugs used to chemically castrate sex offenders. Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Treatment and Recidivism of Sex Offenders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. SHORT ANSWER 65. Name and describe the four phases of the human sexual response. Answer: First is the desire phase, where one experiences interest in engaging in sexual activity. When sexual activity has begun and both sexual pleasure and physiological changes occur, one is in the excitement phase. During this stage, tension builds, which is finally released during the peak of sexual pleasure, the orgasm. Following orgasm, there is the resolution phase, where one experiences a sense of calm and well-being. Disorders can occur in any one of the first three phases. Learning Objective: 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 66. What is the difference in prevalence of sexual dysfunction between same-sex and oppositesex couples? Answer: Sexual dysfunction occurs in both same-sex and opposite-sex couples. Some dysfunctions are caused by physical factors, while other dysfunctions are caused by interpersonal or psychological factors. Learning Objective: 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 67. What appears to be the most important psychological factor in causing male erectile disorder? Answer: Masters and Johnson hypothesized that erectile dysfunction is primarily a function of anxiety about sexual performance. However, Barlow and colleagues suggested that it is not so much the anxiety itself as the cognitive distractions frequently associated with anxiety in dysfunctional people that seem to interfere with their sexual arousal. Their research suggests

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

that this preoccupation with negative thoughts, rather than anxiety per se, is responsible for inhibiting sexual arousal. Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions in Men Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 68. What lifestyle factors can negatively impact erectile disorder? Answer: Smoking, obesity, and alcohol abuse can cause problems severe enough that erectile function is compromised. Any one of these lifestyle choices can lead to high blood pressure, diabetes, or debilitating heart disease. Any one of these illnesses can impede blood flow to the penis. Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions in Men Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 69. Why is it more difficult to develop a medication to treat sexual dysfunction in females than it is in males? Answer: For most women, sexual desire follows sexual stimuli leading to sexual arousal. Contrary to the more physical motivations of many men, women tend to engage in sexual activity in order to increase emotional connection, increase well-being, or satisfy a need to feel attractive. Learning Objective: 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions in Women Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 70. How are gender dysphoria and transvestic disorder similar and different? Answer: Both involve cross-dressing, but the transvestite does it for sexual pleasure. The transvestite feels that he is male and doesn’t want to change genders. People with gender dysphoria believe they are the opposite gender and cross-dress to feel more appropriate. They typically wish to change genders. Learning Objective: 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Topic: Gender Dysphoria Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 23 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 71. Why are almost all people with paraphilias male? Answer: It may be linked to their greater dependence on visual imagery. This makes them more vulnerable to forming sexual associations with nonsexual stimuli through classical and operant conditioning. Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 72. How do incest offenders differ from extra-familial offenders? Answer: They tend to offend against girls, while extra-familial offenders have an equal distribution between the genders. They are more likely to offend with one or a few children in a family, and extra-familial offenders typically have more victims. Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Incest Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 73. What are some personality characteristics of rapists? Answer: Impulsivity, a quick temper, and insensitivity to social cues. They also often show a lack of social and communication skills and don’t have intimate relationships. They have trouble understanding cues from women, especially negative ones. Some researchers have divided rapists into two to four subtypes, based on degree of aggressive versus sexual motivation, but not all rapists fit into these categories. Both date rapists and other types of incarcerated rapists are characterized by promiscuity, hostile masculinity, and an emotionally detached, predatory personality. Many rapists are also sexually aroused by depictions of sexual assaults involving an unwilling victim. A small minority of rapists are sexual sadists, characterized by very violent assaults and aroused more by the assault than by sexual stimuli. Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Rape Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 74. Charles is a chronic sex offender in treatment. After being given electric shocks whenever he became sexually aroused by deviant stimuli, his arousal to those stimuli diminished. What additional forms of treatment is he likely to need in order to be effectively treated?

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: He will need to develop sexual arousal to acceptable stimuli. Treatment involves imagining appropriate stimuli when he masturbates. Cognitive restructuring is also useful in challenging the distorted thinking in most sex offenders. Social skill training in reading women’s nonverbal cues is also important, especially in the treatment of rapists. Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Treatment and Recidivism of Sex Offenders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. ESSAY 75. Why is it difficult to estimate the prevalence of incest and identify who is most likely to be a victim of incest? Answer: In our own society, the actual incidence of incest is difficult to estimate because it usually comes to light only when reported to law enforcement or other agencies. It is almost certainly more common than is generally believed, in part because many victims are reluctant to report the incest or do not consider themselves victimized. Brother-sister incest is the most common form of incest, even though it is rarely reported. The second most common pattern is father-daughter incest. It seems that girls living with stepfathers are at especially high risk for incest, perhaps because there is less of an incest taboo among nonblood relatives. Motherson incest is thought to be relatively rare. Frequently, incest offenders do not stop with one child in a family, and some incestuous fathers involve all of their daughters serially, as they become pubescent. GRADING RUBRIC: 5 points total, 5 for why, and 5 for who. Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Incest Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 76. Is rape motivated by sex or aggression? Explain and provide support for your answer. Answer: Many correct answers are possible. For example: The determination of whether rape is motivated by sex or aggression has not been definitively made. While rape is an aggressive act, sexual motivation is also often involved. In fact, several prominent researchers have shown that all rapists have, to varying degrees, both aggressive and sexual motives. The fact that rape victims are rarely old and that rapists report sexual motivation as a reason for their actions leads to the conclusion that rape is a violent act that is at least partially motivated by sex. GRADING RUBRIC: 6 points total, 2 for taking a position, 4 for supporting it. Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Rape Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 25 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 77. Discuss two treatments for sex offenders. How effective are these treatments? Answer: One approach is surgical or chemical castration to reduce the urge for sex and to make impulses more manageable. Recidivism rates are much lower for those who have been castrated. In addition to the extreme approach of castration, there are numerous other approaches. Aversion therapy, in which aversive consequences are linked to deviant sexual arousal, is one key component of cognitive-behavioral treatment. In early forms of the treatment, electric shocks were used. Now therapists rely on imagined consequences (covert sensitization) or foul odors paired with the images (assisted covert sensitization). Other aspects of treatment include social skills training and the restructuring of cognitive distortions. Maletzky reports that out of nearly 1,500 offenders treated with this form of therapy, at least 79 percent reported no covert or overt deviant sexual behavior or repeat charges at one-year follow-up. GRADING RUBRIC: 8 points total, 2 for each of two treatments, and 2 for explaining how effective each is. Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Topic: Treatment and Recidivism of Sex Offenders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module Quiz 12.1: Sexual Dysfunctions EOM Q12.1.1 According to the DSM-5, sexual dysfunction can occur in any of the following phases of human sexual response: __________. a) the desire phase, the arousal phase, and the orgasm b) the desire phase, the arousal phase, and the resolution Consider This: The DSM-5 clarifies that sexual disorders can occur within the first three phases. 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. c) the arousal phase, the orgasm, and the resolution Consider This: The DSM-5 clarifies that sexual disorders can occur within the first three phases. 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. d) the desire phase, the orgasm, and the resolution Consider This: The DSM-5 clarifies that sexual disorders can occur within the first three phases. 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q12.1.2 Why did the DSM-5 collapse two distinct disorders from the DSM-IV-TR into female sexual interest/arousal disorder? a) Research has not yet demonstrated a distinction between sexual arousal and interest in women. b) The four phases of the normal sexual arousal cycle are all fundamentally distinct in women. Consider This: Some of the criteria for this diagnosis include reduced initiation of sexual activity, lack of receptivity to a partner's attempts to initiate sexual activity, and reduced excitement or pleasure during sexual activity. 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. c) Research suggests that the resolution phase is the most important in women. Consider This: Some of the criteria for this diagnosis include reduced initiation of sexual activity, lack of receptivity to a partner's attempts to initiate sexual activity, and reduced excitement or pleasure during sexual activity. 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. d) Research has shown that so many women suffer from a sexual disorder that it was more convenient to list one disorder with a wider scope. Consider This: Some of the criteria for this diagnosis include reduced initiation of sexual activity, lack of receptivity to a partner's attempts to initiate sexual activity, and reduced excitement or pleasure during sexual activity. 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. 27 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Module: Sexual Dysfunctions Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q12.1.3 A recent review on the prevalence of sexual dysfunction suggests that __________. a) women may be more likely than men to experience sexual dysfunction b) men may be more likely than women to experience sexual dysfunction Consider This: The review suggests that rates of sexual dysfunction impact up to 45 percent of one gender. 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. c) men and women are equally likely to experience sexual dysfunction Consider This: The review suggests that rates of sexual dysfunction impact up to 45 percent of one gender. 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. d) researchers have become increasingly less interested in understanding the prevalence of these conditions Consider This: The review suggests that rates of sexual dysfunction impact up to 45 percent of one gender. 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 12.2: Sexual Dysfunctions in Men EOM Q12.2.1 A priapism is __________. a) an erection that will not diminish even after a couple of hours b) ejaculation of the penis when not engaged in sexual intercourse or masturbation Consider This: This situation is not typically accompanied by sexual excitement. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. c) the experience of penile pain during sleep Consider This: This situation is not typically accompanied by sexual excitement. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. d) an inability to ejaculate even though aroused Consider This: This situation is not typically accompanied by sexual excitement. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions in Men Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q12.2.2 28 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

In order for Viagra to promote erection, __________. a) sexual excitation must be present b) a man must be in excellent health and not taking any other medications Consider This: Viagra does not improve libido or promote spontaneous erections. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. c) no external source of sexual excitation is necessary Consider This: Viagra does not improve libido or promote spontaneous erections. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. d) manual stimulation of the penis is necessary Consider This: Viagra does not improve libido or promote spontaneous erections. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions in Men Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q12.2.3 Considering statistical data such as age, sexual partner availability, and frequency, which man is most likely to experience premature ejaculation? a) Andy, age 20, who does not have a girlfriend and has intermittent sexual activity b) Terrell, age 21, who has a long-term girlfriend and has regular sexual activity Consider This: Early ejaculation is most likely after a lengthy abstinence. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. c) Mike, age 40, who has been married 10 years and has two school-aged children Consider This: Early ejaculation is most likely after a lengthy abstinence. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. d) Dan, age 35, who is divorced but has regular sexual opportunities with dates and hook-ups Consider This: Early ejaculation is most likely after a lengthy abstinence. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions in Men Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q12.2.4 Anxiety may promote sexual dysfunction in men when __________. a) they experience preoccupation with negative thoughts during sexual encounters b) overall anxiety levels are low during sexual encounters Consider This: This type of fixation can also increase negative responses in the absence of erection, thus promoting an unfortunate cycle. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. c) anxiety levels are abnormally low during the resolution phase 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: This type of fixation can also increase negative responses in the absence of erection, thus promoting an unfortunate cycle. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. d) thoughts about inadequacy occur during the orgasm phase Consider This: This type of fixation can also increase negative responses in the absence of erection, thus promoting an unfortunate cycle. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions in Men Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 12.3: Sexual Dysfunctions in Women EOM Q12.3.1 Hannah experiences sexual excitement but rarely has an orgasm during routine sexual intercourse unless there is direct stimulation to her clitoris. With stimulation, sex is satisfying. Most researchers would concur that Hannah's experience is __________. a) fairly common and not considered disordered b) indicative of female orgasmic disorder Consider This: A small percentage of women are able to achieve orgasm only through direct mechanical stimulation of the clitoris. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. c) problematic and could be improved upon through partner education Consider This: A small percentage of women are able to achieve orgasm only through direct mechanical stimulation of the clitoris. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. d) the type of dysfunction that responds well to existential and humanistic interventions Consider This: A small percentage of women are able to achieve orgasm only through direct mechanical stimulation of the clitoris. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions in Women Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q12.3.2 Rates of orgasmic dysfunction in women are highest among those in which age range? a) 21 to 24 years b) 40 to 55 years Consider This: Although rates are highest in this range, about one in three to four women report 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

having had orgasmic difficulties in the past year. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. c) 25 to 30 years Consider This: Although rates are highest in this range, about one in three to four women report having had orgasmic difficulties in the past year. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. d) 30 to 35-year-olds Consider This: Although rates are highest in this range, about one in three to four women report having had orgasmic difficulties in the past year. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions in Women Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q12.3.3 Female orgasmic disorder involves __________. a) persistent or recurrent delay in or absence of orgasm despite general sexual excitability and enjoyment b) persistent or recurrent increased rate of orgasm alongside high general sexual excitability and enjoyment Consider This: The decision to seek treatment for this disorder is complex, and should be left up to the woman experiencing difficulty. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. c) lifelong inability to orgasm Consider This: The decision to seek treatment for this disorder is complex, and should be left up to the woman experiencing difficulty. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. d) situational anorgasmia Consider This: The decision to seek treatment for this disorder is complex, and should be left up to the woman experiencing difficulty. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions in Women Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q12.3.4 Joanna, age 55, has never had an orgasm despite general sexual arousal and interest when engaging in sexual activities with her partners. Which of the following is the most likely outcome of receiving cognitive-behavioral treatment for her orgasmic dysfunction? a) Joanna will be able to experience an orgasm through masturbation, though her ability to 31 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

experience orgasm with her partner will be more difficult. b) Joanna will be able to experience an orgasm through masturbation and intercourse with her partner relatively quickly. Consider This: "Situational" anorgasmia seems more difficult to treat. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. c) Joanna will never be able to experience an orgasm despite treatment. Consider This: "Situational" anorgasmia seems more difficult to treat. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. d) Joanna will be able to experience orgasm through sexual intercourse but not masturbation. Consider This: "Situational" anorgasmia seems more difficult to treat. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions in Women Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 12.4: Gender Dysphoria EOM Q12.4.1 The crucial age period at which many gender dysphoric children desist in their desire to be the opposite sex or continue to persist in their desire to change their sex is __________. a) 5 to 10 years Consider This: Most gender dysphoric children's issues reach resolution by adulthood. 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. b) 10 to 13 years c) 14 to 17 years Consider This: Most gender dysphoric children's issues reach resolution by adulthood. 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. d) 18 to 21 years Consider This: Most gender dysphoric children's issues reach resolution by adulthood. 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Module: Gender Dysphoria Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q12.4.2 Research from non-Western cultures shows that stigmatization of gender-nonconforming children __________. a) is not universal b) is universal Consider This: In Samoa, very feminine males are often considered as neither male nor female. 32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. c) occurs with greater frequency for older males than for older females Consider This: In Samoa, very feminine males are often considered as neither male nor female. 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. d) occurs with greater frequency for older females than for older males Consider This: In Samoa, very feminine males are often considered as neither male nor female. 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Module: Gender Dysphoria Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q12.4.3 Although gender dysphoria is rare, the number of adolescents reporting the condition is increasing. This increase is primarily driven by __________. a) more natal females reporting these symptoms b) more natal males reporting these symptoms Consider This: Until recently, the sex ratio for gender dysphoria was flipped. 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. c) equal numbers of natal males and females reporting these symptoms Consider This: Until recently, the sex ratio for gender dysphoria was flipped. 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. d) parents reporting that their natal male child appears to be identifying with a typically female identity Consider This: Until recently, the sex ratio for gender dysphoria was flipped. 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Module: Gender Dysphoria Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q12.4.4 Which of the following arguments is most commonly made in support of maintaining the diagnosis of gender dysphoria for children? a) The significant distress and impairment that these children report, alongside typically strained relationships with parents and peers, necessitates the diagnosis and treatment. b) The primary obstacle to their happiness may be the deficiency of a specific enzyme. Consider This: All but the correct answer are critiques of the diagnosis in children. 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. c) Seventy-four to 84 percent of children with this diagnosis do not experience these symptoms later in life. Consider This: All but the correct answer are critiques of the diagnosis in children. 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. d) Stigma toward gender-nonconforming children is not universal. 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: All but the correct answer are critiques of the diagnosis in children. 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Module: Gender Dysphoria Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 12.5: Paraphilic Disorders EOM Q12.5.1 The developmental course for autogynephilic transsexuals differs from homosexual transsexuals in that autogynephilic transsexuals __________. a) are motivated by a paraphilia in which their attraction is to thoughts, images, or fantasies of themselves as a woman b) are not sexually attracted to males Consider This: There has been an increase in autogynephilic transsexualism diagnoses in Western countries. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. c) typically become aware of their gender dysphoria at a later age than what is noted with homosexual transsexuals Consider This: There has been an increase in autogynephilic transsexualism diagnoses in Western countries. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. d) often have a history of being sexually abused in childhood Consider This: There has been an increase in autogynephilic transsexualism diagnoses in Western countries. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Module: Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q12.5.2 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been helpful in the treatment of __________, but have not been useful in treating __________. a) many of the paraphilias; sex offenders b) pedophilia and hebephilia; most paraphilias Consider This: Paraphilics reported fewer symptoms when treated with antiandrogen drugs but relapsed when the treatment was suspended. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. c) sex offenders; exhibitionists Consider This: Paraphilics reported fewer symptoms when treated with antiandrogen drugs but relapsed when the treatment was suspended. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. d) frotteurists; most paraphilias Consider This: Paraphilics reported fewer symptoms when treated with antiandrogen drugs but 34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

relapsed when the treatment was suspended. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Module: Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q12.5.3 Rob describes himself as having a "foot fetish," and since adolescence, he has experienced sexual arousal related to feet. Which of the following would be required for Rob to have a fetishistic disorder? a) He would have to experience shame/guilt and distress due to this sexual interest. b) He would have to believe that his sexual interest in feet is abnormal. Consider This: Fetishes involve unusual sexual interests, but they do not necessarily cause harm either to the individual or to others. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. c) Others would have to believe that his sexual interest in feet is abnormal. Consider This: Fetishes involve unusual sexual interests, but they do not necessarily cause harm either to the individual or to others. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. d) He would have to be unable to orgasm without the involvement of feet. Consider This: Fetishes involve unusual sexual interests, but they do not necessarily cause harm either to the individual or to others. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Module: Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q12.5.4 __________ is the most common sexual offense reported to the police in the United States, Canada, and Europe. It accounts for about one-third of all sexual offenses. a) Exhibitionism b) Voyeurism Consider This: This is often referred to as "indecent exposure." 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. c) Fetishism Consider This: This is often referred to as "indecent exposure." 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. d) Frotteurism Consider This: This is often referred to as "indecent exposure." 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Module: Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy 35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q12.5.5 When taking the subway on crowded days, Jamie intentionally pushes his genitals against both men and women. Jamie would be diagnosed with __________. a) frotteuristic disorder b) voyeuristic disorder Consider This: This diagnosis is given regardless of whether the person experiences distress around their behavior. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. c) exhibitionistic disorder Consider This: This diagnosis is given regardless of whether the person experiences distress around their behavior. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. d) sexual sadism disorder Consider This: This diagnosis is given regardless of whether the person experiences distress around their behavior. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Module: Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 12.6: Sexual Abuse EOM Q12.6.1 Most researchers maintain that the concept of repressed memory for sexual trauma is __________. a) largely invalid and that all "recovered memories" are false b) a valid construct substantiated by the reliability of "recovered memories" Consider This: Recovered memories are events that were forgotten because they were not traumatic when they occurred. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. c) rife with inconsistent data due to the different interviewing methods used by clinicians Consider This: Recovered memories are events that were forgotten because they were not traumatic when they occurred. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. d) a source of useful constructs in need of further evaluation Consider This: Recovered memories are events that were forgotten because they were not traumatic when they occurred. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Module: Sexual Abuse Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q12.6.2 Based on demographic data, which woman would be more at risk for being a victim of rape? a) Peggy, age 26, who lives in a rural, low-income area b) Kristen, age 18, a college freshman living at a large university 36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Most instances of sexual violence involve a perpetrator who was known to the victim. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. c) Tericka, age 40, a married mother of two who lives in a middle-class suburb Consider This: Most instances of sexual violence involve a perpetrator who was known to the victim. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. d) Helen, age 75, who lives in a retirement community Consider This: Most instances of sexual violence involve a perpetrator who was known to the victim. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Module: Sexual Abuse Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q12.6.3 The most common form of incest is __________. a) brother-sister b) mother-son Consider This: This form of incest is rarely reported. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. c) father-daughter Consider This: This form of incest is rarely reported. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. d) brother-brother Consider This: This form of incest is rarely reported. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Module: Sexual Abuse Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q12.6.4 A __________ measures erectile responses to sexual stimuli and consists of an expandable band placed around the penis that is connected to a recording device. a) penile plethysmograph b) volumetric penile monitor Consider This: Pedophiliacs show greater measured sexual arousal than nonoffenders in response to pictures of nude or partially clad girls. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. c) nocturnal penile tumescence monitor Consider This: Pedophiliacs show greater measured sexual arousal than nonoffenders in response to pictures of nude or partially clad girls. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. d) penile polygraph Consider This: Pedophiliacs show greater measured sexual arousal than nonoffenders in response to pictures of nude or partially clad girls. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Answer: a 37 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Module: Sexual Abuse Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q12.6.5 Whereas __________ refers to people who are sexually attracted to prepubescent children, __________ refers to people who are attracted to pubescent children, or children who show some signs of pubertal development. a) pedophilia; hebephiliac b) hebephilia; pedophilia Consider This: Victim characteristics and offender sexual arousal patterns suggest that there is a subgroup of people who are not aroused by prepubescent children, but are aroused by pubescent children. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. c) paraphilia; adophilia Consider This: Victim characteristics and offender sexual arousal patterns suggest that there is a subgroup of people who are not aroused by prepubescent children, but are aroused by pubescent children. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. d) dysphoria; paraphilias Consider This: Victim characteristics and offender sexual arousal patterns suggest that there is a subgroup of people who are not aroused by prepubescent children, but are aroused by pubescent children. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Module: Sexual Abuse Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult End of Chapter Quiz: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders EOC Q12.1 The term sexual dysfunction involves impairment due to either the desire or ability to __________. a) achieve personal sexual gratification b) achieve partner sexual gratification Consider This: Both psychological and physical factors can cause sexual dysfunction. 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. c) achieve sexual gratification from masturbation Consider This: Both psychological and physical factors can cause sexual dysfunction. 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. d) orgasm Consider This: Both psychological and physical factors can cause sexual dysfunction. 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. 38 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Module: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q12.2 Although historically, more attention is paid to male than female sexual dysfunction, male __________ has received little attention. a) hypoactive sexual desire disorder b) hyperactive sexual desire disorder Consider This: This disorder is diagnosed in males who, for at least 6 months, report low levels of sexual thoughts, desires, or fantasies. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. c) pedophilia Consider This: This disorder is diagnosed in males who, for at least 6 months, report low levels of sexual thoughts, desires, or fantasies. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. d) medication-induced sexual dysfunction Consider This: This disorder is diagnosed in males who, for at least 6 months, report low levels of sexual thoughts, desires, or fantasies. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q12.3 The DSM-5 defines paraphilias as __________. a) unusual sexual interests that do not necessarily cause distress in the individual or harm to others b) unusual sexual interests that must create distress to the person with the paraphilia but cannot be distressing or harmful to others Consider This: Only those who are distressed by this sexual interest are diagnosed with a paraphilic disorder. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. c) unusual sexual interests that cannot create distress to the person with the paraphilia and must be distressing or harmful to others Consider This: Only those who are distressed by this sexual interest are diagnosed with a paraphilic disorder. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. d) unusual sexual interests that do not create distress for the person with the paraphilia and are not distressing or harmful to others Consider This: Only those who are distressed by this sexual interest are diagnosed with a paraphilic disorder. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q12.4 Blanchard (2010) hypothesized that most heterosexual transvestites are psychologically motivated by autogynephilia, which is defined as sexual arousal __________. a) by the thought or fantasy of being a woman b) generated by the tactile experience of wearing women's undergarments Consider This: Strength of autogynephilic fantasies strongly predicts gender dysphoria. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. c) by the thought of sharing similar sexual experiences with a woman Consider This: Strength of autogynephilic fantasies strongly predicts gender dysphoria. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. d) related to being dominated by a woman Consider This: Strength of autogynephilic fantasies strongly predicts gender dysphoria. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q12.5 In the sadomasochistic community, males seeking sexual arousal may employ women dressed in tight leather or rubber outfits to inflict sexually charged pain and humiliation on them. These women are referred to as __________. a) dominatrixes b) misters Consider This: Sadomasochistic activities are often performed communally in "dungeons." 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. c) comandantresses Consider This: Sadomasochistic activities are often performed communally in "dungeons." 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. d) madams Consider This: Sadomasochistic activities are often performed communally in "dungeons." 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q12.6 Some researchers have suggested that males may be more vulnerable to paraphilias than females because of __________. a) their greater dependence on visual sexual imagery 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b) their exposure to peer sexual play, a phenomenon often noted in male but not female development Consider This: Males may respond to physical stimulus features to a greater degree than females. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. c) their stronger attraction to sensation-seeking activities Consider This: Males may respond to physical stimulus features to a greater degree than females. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. d) the role of testosterone in male sexual arousal Consider This: Males may respond to physical stimulus features to a greater degree than females. 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q12.7 Girls with gender dysphoria are different from girls described as "tomboys" in that the girl with gender dysphoria __________, while the "tomboy" girl __________. a) expresses a desire to be a boy or to grow up to be a man; does not express a desire to be a male b) is focused on changing her physical self; is consciously and persistently focused on the perceived power advantage males experience Consider This: Girls with gender dysphoria show little interest in dolls and a strong interest in sports. 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. c) tends to show an interest in traditional boy toys but is not particularly interested in athletics; is focused on sports play and not traditional boy toys Consider This: Girls with gender dysphoria show little interest in dolls and a strong interest in sports. 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. d) does not relate well to female children; relates well to children of both sexes Consider This: Girls with gender dysphoria show little interest in dolls and a strong interest in sports. 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q12.8 Adults with gender dysphoria experience elevated rates of other forms of psychopathology, particularly mood disorders. Which of the following may relate to these comorbidities? a) increased stress and discrimination due to cross-gender identification/preferences b) unhappiness with anxiety and mood changes Consider This: Reasons for this elevated risk are not yet fully understood. 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. c) dissatisfaction with transition from natal sex Consider This: Reasons for this elevated risk are not yet fully understood. 12.4 Explain the key 41 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

characteristics of gender dysphoria. d) in some cases, depression causes gender dysphoria Consider This: Reasons for this elevated risk are not yet fully understood. 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q12.9 Most researchers agree that rape is motivated by __________. a) varying degrees of both aggressive and sexual motives b) solely the need to dominate, to assert power, and to humiliate a victim Consider This: Victim selection is not random and includes a high proportion of women in their teens and early 20s. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. c) sexual desire alone Consider This: Victim selection is not random and includes a high proportion of women in their teens and early 20s. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. d) an alcohol induced urge Consider This: Victim selection is not random and includes a high proportion of women in their teens and early 20s. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q12.10 Rape shield laws protect the victim __________. a) in ways such as preventing the prosecutor from using evidence of a victim's prior sex history b) from the trauma of the rape Consider This: "Victim-precipitated" rape is a strategy that has been used by defense attorneys. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. c) by providing rape kits to physicians in emergency care settings for use in collecting perpetrator DNA evidence from the victim Consider This: "Victim-precipitated" rape is a strategy that has been used by defense attorneys. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. d) by eliminating a statute of limitations for how much time can pass before a victim reports and files charges Consider This: "Victim-precipitated" rape is a strategy that has been used by defense attorneys. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Understand 42 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q12.11 Which of the following reasons best describes why Megan's Laws are controversial? a) They endanger released offenders and are not associated with enhanced community safety. b) They require released offenders to serve double sentences. Consider This: Megan's Law requires that, upon release from prison, convicted sex offenders must register with police so that neighbors will be notified of the released offender's status. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. c) They legally prevent sex offenders from living in neighborhoods of their choosing. Consider This: Megan's Law requires that, upon release from prison, convicted sex offenders must register with police so that neighbors will be notified of the released offender's status. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. d) They help released offenders integrate into society, which some believe is not ideal. Consider This: Megan's Law requires that, upon release from prison, convicted sex offenders must register with police so that neighbors will be notified of the released offender's status. 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q12.12 Desire, excitement, orgasm, and resolution represent __________. a) the four phases of human sexual response b) the four phases of psychopathology Consider This: Sexual response is experienced as a continuous set of feelings and reactions. 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. c) the four phases of paraphilic sexism Consider This: Sexual response is experienced as a continuous set of feelings and reactions. 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. d) the phases in which DSM-5 defined sexual dysfunction can occur Consider This: Sexual response is experienced as a continuous set of feelings and reactions. 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.1 Define sexual dysfunction. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q12.13 The "pause-and-squeeze" technique developed by Masters and Johnson has been used to treat __________. a) premature ejaculation b) vaginismus 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Recent reviews have reported a much lower overall treatment success than was initially reported. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. c) priapism Consider This: Recent reviews have reported a much lower overall treatment success than was initially reported. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. d) vulvovaginitis Consider This: Recent reviews have reported a much lower overall treatment success than was initially reported. 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q12.14 Recent research has suggested that it is __________ for women to cite __________ as a reason or motivation for sexual activity. a) uncommon; sexual desire b) common; sexual desire Consider This: For many women, motivation for sexual activity may involve a desire for increasing emotional intimacy. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. c) uncommon; tension reduction Consider This: For many women, motivation for sexual activity may involve a desire for increasing emotional intimacy. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. d) common; tension reduction Consider This: For many women, motivation for sexual activity may involve a desire for increasing emotional intimacy. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q12.15 Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder is most likely to have a(n) __________ cause. a) organic b) cultural Consider This: Some examples of causes include acute or chronic infections or inflammations of 44 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

the vagina or internal reproductive organs. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. c) psychological Consider This: Some examples of causes include acute or chronic infections or inflammations of the vagina or internal reproductive organs. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. d) unknown Consider This: Some examples of causes include acute or chronic infections or inflammations of the vagina or internal reproductive organs. 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women. Module: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 13: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Remember the Facts

Understand the Concepts

Apply What You Know

Analyze It

Multiple Choice

1, 3, 5, 7, 8

2, 4

Short Answer

Learning Objective

Question Type

Introduction

Multiple Choice Short Answer Essay

13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected.

Essay 13.2 Identify the symptoms of Multiple Choice schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Short Answer

10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 25 19, 20, 21, 23, 24 67

68, 69

26, 32

12, 13, 22

Essay 13.3 List four different types Multiple Choice of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Short Answer

27, 29, 30

35, 38, 39, 40

42, 44, 45

Essay 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia.

Multiple Choice

34, 36, 37, 43, 33, 41, 48 46, 47, 49

Short Answer

Essay 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia.

Multiple Choice Short Answer

76 55

50, 53, 54, 56, 57 72

51, 52

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Essay 13.6 Explain the psychosocial Multiple Choice and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. Short Answer

77 58, 59

60 73, 74

Essay 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications.

Multiple Choice Short Answer

78 61, 62, 63, 64

65 75

Essay

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 13: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Psychosis is a striking and essential feature of schizophrenia. Psychosis is __________. a. a tendency to be unpredictably violent b. a significant loss of contact with reality c. an inability to know right from wrong d. an abrupt shift in personality from one pattern to another Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Topic: Schizophrenia Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. The term “démence précoce”—mental deterioration at an early age—was used by Benedict Morel to describe schizophrenia and to explain the __________. a. lack of brain damage that characterizes the brains of most schizophrenics b. effectiveness of psychological treatments for schizophrenia c. transient nature of most schizophrenias d. difference between schizophrenia and dementias of old age Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Topic: Origins of the Schizophrenia Construct Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 3. Emil Kraepelin’s use of the term “dementia praecox” referred to __________. a. a single specific condition now known as schizophrenia b. a single specific condition now known as precocious dementia c. a group of conditions that all seemed to feature mental deterioration beginning early in life d. a group of conditions that all seemed to feature mental deterioration throughout the lifespan Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Topic: Origins of the Schizophrenia Construct Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

4. When Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler coined the term “schizophrenia,” the kind of split that he believed was central to the disorder was __________. a. a division of personality within the person b. a divergence between the person’s chronological age and their intellectual performance c. an inability to make an intimate connection with other people d. an inward break from reality Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Topic: Origins of the Schizophrenia Construct Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 5. Schizophrenia occurs in a little under __________ people in the general population. a. 1 out of 1,000 b. 1 out of 100 c. 1 out of 10 d. 1 out of 10,000 Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Topic: Epidemiology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 6. Which of the following individuals has the highest risk of developing schizophrenia? a. Joe, whose father was under 25 when he was born b. Allison, whose mother was under 25 when she was born c. Juan, whose father was over 50 when he was born d. Veronica, whose mother was over 50 when she was born Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Topic: Epidemiology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 7. Which of the following occupations places individuals at greater risk for developing schizophrenia? a. Radiologist b. Mathematician c. Oilfield worker 4 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. Dry cleaner Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Topic: Epidemiology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 8. The majority of cases of schizophrenia begin in __________. a. late adulthood or old age b. late adolescence or early adulthood c. late childhood or early adolescence d. infancy or early childhood Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Topic: Epidemiology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 9. For every three men diagnosed with schizophrenia, only two women are. Which of the following reasons might explain this? a. Males are more likely to hallucinate than females, so they may be over-diagnosed. b. Men are more likely to seek treatment. c. Females with schizophrenia have less severe symptoms, so they may be misdiagnosed. d. Women respond better to treatment than men. Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Topic: Epidemiology Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 10. Delusions are __________. a. perceptions with no basis in reality b. only seen in schizophrenia c. necessary for a diagnosis of schizophrenia d. erroneous beliefs held despite clear contradictory evidence Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Delusions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 11. How common are delusions in schizophrenia? a. They are experienced by approximately 50 percent of schizophrenics. b. Delusions are an essential feature of schizophrenia; their presence is required for a diagnosis of schizophrenia. c. Over 90 percent of those with schizophrenia experience delusions. d. While hallucinations are a common occurrence in schizophrenia, delusions are rare. Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Delusions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 12. Which of the following is an example of a delusion? a. Vernon thinks the Russian intelligence organization is broadcasting his thoughts on the Internet. b. Macron hears voices in his head telling him to distrust the preacher. c. Priscilla seriously doubts that she can get pregnant the first time she has sexual intercourse. d. Macie sees and feels a spider crawling across her chest. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Delusions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 13. Starling believes that the documentary on TV last night was broadcast intentionally as a message for her to break up with her partner. She is absolutely certain that this is true and plans to go through with it. This type of belief is an example of a __________. a. thought-broadcasting delusion b. thought-insertion delusion. c. made-feelings delusion d. delusion of reference Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Delusions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

14. Hallucinations are __________. a. sensory experiences with no basis in reality b. only seen in schizophrenia c. necessary for a diagnosis of schizophrenia d. disturbances in the content of thought Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Hallucinations Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 15. What type of hallucinations are the most common? a. Visual b. Tactile c. Auditory d. Gustatory Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Hallucinations Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 16. Neuroimaging studies of hallucinating patients indicate increased activity in __________, an area of the frontal lobe associated with speech production. a. Wernicke’s area b. the cerebellum c. the hippocampus d. Broca’s area Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Hallucinations Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 17. People with schizophrenia may have difficulty with the form of thought—in other words, their thoughts do not make sense. The observable sign of this “cognitive slippage” is __________. a. a delusion b. disorganized speech. c. a hallucination d. disorganized behavior 7 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Disorganized Speech Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 18. “My father and I swiggered to the beach yesterday.” This is an example of a(n) __________. a. neologism b. auditory hallucination c. negative symptom d. delusion Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Disorganized Speech Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 19. Patients in a catatonic stupor __________. a. are highly suggestible to commands b. experience overwhelming hallucinations c. exhibit both echopraxia and echolalia d. display an absence of all movement and speech Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Disorganized Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 20. Negative symptoms are __________. a. those that are harmful b. more disturbing to the patient than positive symptoms c. a common side effect of antipsychotic medications d. characterized as an absence or deficit of normal behaviors Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Negative Symptoms Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 21. Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom? a. Hallucinations 8 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. Blunted affect c. Emotional turmoil d. Delusions Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Negative Symptoms Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 22. Which of the following is an example of a positive symptom of schizophrenia? a. Carrie hears voices that tell her she is the devil’s daughter. b. Jillian no longer experiences pleasure. c. Kiera responds to her family with a reduction in speech. d. Samaira stares into space for extended periods of time. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Negative Symptoms Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 23. The inability to initiate or persist in goal-directed activity is called __________. a. alogia b. blunted affect c. delusion d. avolition Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Negative Symptoms Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 24. Over the course of the disorder, most individuals with schizophrenia __________. a. show either positive-syndrome or negative-syndrome types b. show the Type II form exclusively c. develop the “disorganized” form of the disorder d. display a mix of positive and negative symptoms Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Negative Symptoms Difficulty Level: Easy 9 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 25. Anastasia is schizophrenic. According to the research of Kring and Neale (1996), when Anastasia watches a film clip designed to elicit a strong emotional response, __________. a. her face is less expressive than the control group, but she reports the same emotional responses b. her face is less expressive than the control group, and she reports higher emotional responses c. her face is more expressive than the control group, but she reports the same emotional responses d. her face is more expressive than the control group, and she reports higher emotional responses Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Negative Symptoms Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 26. According to DSM-5, one criterion for a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder is __________. a. a single hallucinatory episode that lasts up to 24 hours b. a single episode of delusions concurrent with anxiety c. a major depressive or manic episode that is concurrent with Criterion A of schizophrenia d. one blood relative who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and another who has a mood disorder Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Topic: Schizoaffective Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 27. Andressa clearly had psychotic symptoms. As she also showed symptoms of bipolar disorder, she was ultimately diagnosed with __________. a. residual type b. schizoaffective disorder c. schizophreniform disorder d. undifferentiated type Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. 10 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Schizoaffective Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 28. An individual diagnosed with schizophreniform disorder, often described as provisional schizophrenia, __________. a. has a mild case of schizophrenia combined with signs of a mood disorder b. usually exhibits symptoms of schizophrenia that last for at least a month but less than six months c. is likely to take actions based on their delusions d. experiences a schizophrenia-like psychosis that lasts for less than a month Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Topic: Schizophreniform Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 29. Meiling exhibited a variety of schizophrenic symptoms, including delusions, auditory hallucinations, and formal thought disorder. Her symptoms lasted for a little more than three months. Meiling likely qualifies for a diagnosis of __________. a. paranoid schizophrenia b. schizoaffective disorder, manic type c. undifferentiated schizophrenia d. provisional schizophreniform disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Topic: Schizophreniform Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 30. Adele and Yosef both have a wide range of schizophrenic symptoms. Adele’s symptoms have lasted for eight months; Yosef’s lasted only eight weeks before he recovered. According to DSM-5, their diagnoses should be __________. a. schizophrenia for Adele and schizophreniform disorder for Yosef b. disorganized schizophrenia for Adele and schizophrenia for Yosef c. schizoaffective disorder for Adele and schizophreniform disorder for Yosef d. schizophreniform disorder for Adele and brief psychotic disorder for Yosef Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Topic: Schizophreniform Disorder 11 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 31. Individuals with delusional disorder differ from those with schizophrenia in that __________. a. they behave relatively normally, apart from the delusions b. their delusions are not well formed c. they know their delusions are delusions d. they rarely act on their delusions Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Topic: Delusional Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 32. A person who experiences a sudden onset of psychotic symptoms that last a few days and then pass, often never to return, would be diagnosed with __________. a. temporary schizophreniform disorder b. brief psychotic disorder c. provisional schizophreniform disorder d. schizophrenia praecox Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Topic: Brief Psychotic Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 33. Most of the evidence suggests that schizophrenia runs in families. This means that schizophrenia __________. a. is definitely a genetic abnormality b. has been proven to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental influences c. is definitely caused by environmental influences d. may be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental influences Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Genetic Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 12 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 34. In genetic studies, a “proband” or “index case” is someone who __________. a. is related to a person with the disorder of interest b. shows signs of the disorder of interest c. shares at least 25 percent of their genes with an affected subject d. has the disorder of interest Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Genetic Factors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 35. Both of Monica’s parents have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Sam has an identical twin who has schizophrenia. Who is more likely to develop schizophrenia, and why? a. Sam, because he is male and has a family history of schizophrenia b. Monica, because all of her genes come from her parents who have the disease c. Sam, because he has inherited the same susceptibility that his twin is expressing d. Monica, because females are more susceptible than males to the genetic forms of schizophrenia Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Genetic Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 36. Studies of family concordance patterns for schizophrenia have found __________. a. little evidence of increased concordance with increased gene sharing b. such strong correspondence between gene sharing and diagnosis that environmental factors have been ruled out c. strong correspondence between gene sharing and diagnosis, but only for males d. that the more genetically related you are to someone with schizophrenia, the greater your risk of the disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Genetic Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 37. If schizophrenia were exclusively a genetic disorder, __________. a. anyone with schizophrenia in their family history would develop schizophrenia b. the concordance rate for monozygotic twins would be 100 percent c. marrying a schizophrenic would not increase the likelihood of developing schizophrenia d. numerous cures would now be available Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Genetic Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 38. Lorilee just found out that she is pregnant. Her husband has schizophrenia. What is her unborn child’s risk of developing schizophrenia? a. 3 percent b. 10 percent c. 50 percent d. 90 percent Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Genetic Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 39. Studies of the offspring of nonschizophrenic co-twins from discordant twin pairs suggest that __________. a. environmental factors play a more important role than genetic factors in the origin of schizophrenia b. genetic factors cause schizophrenia, while environmental factors are essentially unimportant c. a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may remain unexpressed in some individuals unless it is released by some unknown environmental factors d. the heritability of schizophrenia involves the transmission of a single dominant gene Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Genetic Factors 14 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 40. The Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia determined that __________. a. the role of genes was negligible b. index subjects were more likely to develop schizophrenia than the control subjects c. environment was a more important determinant of psychological health than family history d. no significant effects were seen Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Genetic Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 41. Studies of adopted children at high risk for developing schizophrenia found that __________ appeared to increase the likelihood that these children would show high levels of thought disorders. a. vague, confusing, and unclear communication b. physical abuse c. permissive parenting d. divorce Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Genetic Factors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 42. Adopted children at high risk for schizophrenia who were raised in healthy families __________. a. showed the same risk for schizophrenia as those adopted into dysfunctional families; genes were the most important factor b. showed higher risk for schizophrenia than those adopted into dysfunctional families; they had trouble fitting in with the family c. showed lower risk for schizophrenia than those adopted into dysfunctional families; a good environment may protect people with genetic vulnerabilities from developing schizophrenia d. showed lower risk for schizophrenia than those adopted into dysfunctional families; the environment causes people to develop schizophrenia, not genes Answer: c

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Genetic Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 43. What are endophenotypes? a. Abnormally shaped cells in the brain b. Neurotransmitters of slightly different chemical composition than normal c. Discrete, stable, and measurable traits thought to be under genetic control d. Specific chromosomes thought to be important in the genetic transmission of schizophrenia Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Genetic Factors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 44. Which of the following is a plausible explanation for how maternal influenza might lead to schizophrenia later in life? a. The flu virus may lie dormant in the brain until adolescence, when it becomes active and initiates the degeneration that results in the symptoms of schizophrenia. b. The flu exposure may alter the fetal genes, such that a susceptibility to schizophrenia becomes part of the child’s genetic makeup. c. Maternal antibodies could cross the placenta and interfere with brain development, such that the risk of developing schizophrenia is enhanced later in life. d. The flu virus frequently has long-term effects on the behavior of affected individuals; maternal infection with influenza may result in an environment that is likely to trigger schizophrenia in the susceptible individual. Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Prenatal Exposures Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 45. The maternal inflammation response to infection causes an increase in C-reactive protein. What is the relationship between maternal inflammation and schizophrenia? a. Maternal inflammation is negatively correlated with later development of offspring schizophrenia.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. Maternal inflammation may turn on genes responsible for autoimmune disorders, thus increasing the risk of offspring schizophrenia. c. Research shows no correlation between maternal exposure to infection and development of offspring schizophrenia. d. Research indicates that maternal infection will result in a 75 percent chance of offspring development of schizophrenia. Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Prenatal Exposures Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 46. The region of the brain known as the __________ (MHC) plays an important role in brain development and neuronal function. a. monozygotic histamine center b. major histocompatibility complex c. minor hysterocompatible complex d. monozygotic hysterocompatible center Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 47. What is the value of longitudinal research that monitors children at high risk for schizophrenia? a. It can identify the specific genes responsible for the disorder. b. It can identify factors that precede breakdown and aid in intervention efforts. c. It can separate the impact of genetics from that of subtle neurological impairment. d. It can identify the factors that improve treatment outcome. Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 48. Based on developmental studies of children who later developed schizophrenia, __________. a. it is usually impossible to detect early signs of the disorder 17 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. the first signs are usually delusions or hallucinations c. the first signs are usually seen in a child’s motor movements d. the first signs are usually seen in speech problems Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 49. What is attenuated psychosis syndrome? a. Another name for schizophrenia b. A form of delusional disorder that involves children c. Mild psychotic symptoms that are not severe enough to meet clinical criteria for a fullblown psychotic disorder d. A psychotic state in which the person has olfactory and gustatory hallucinations Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 50. Prana is showing some indication that she might be in the early stages of schizophrenia. Her doctor runs a battery of diagnostics, first checking areas of early stage symptoms in visual and auditory processing. What assessment outcome would be a strong indicator for schizophrenia? a. Inability to track a moving target, such as a pendulum b. Inability to detect high-pitched sounds c. Inability to read a passage from a children’s fairy tale d. Inability to replicate the sounds of simple auditory cues Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Topic: Neurocognition Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 51. Having basic problems in social cognition is one symptom associated with schizophrenia. Which of the following is an example of a lack of social cognition? a. Picking up on implicit rules b. Being able to follow the speed limit c. Not being able to follow the speed limit d. Not being able to pick up on emotions associated with facial expressions 18 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Topic: Social Cognition Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 52. Why might Kraepelin’s idea that schizophrenia was similar to dementia not be as far from the truth as previously thought? a. Evidence suggests that there are sometimes progressive changes in brain volume over time in people with schizophrenia. b. The symptoms of the two disorders overlap tremendously. c. On autopsy, people with schizophrenia show the same smoothing of the brain that is seen in people with dementia. d. The same biological treatments work for both disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Topic: Loss of Brain Volume Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 53. Ulysses has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. If PET scans were done to measure his brain’s activity, which area would probably be underactive? a. The visual cortex b. The deepest portions of the brain—the medulla and reticular activating system c. The frontal lobes d. The hypothalamus and pituitary Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Topic: Brain Functioning Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 54. People with schizophrenia often show poor performance on tasks like the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, which is thought to indicate a dysfunction of the __________ lobe. a. parietal b. occipital c. temporal d. frontal Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Topic: Brain Functioning Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 19 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 55. People who have had a hospital contact for a head injury have a(n) __________ percent increase in their later risk for schizophrenia. a. 8 b. 36 c. 65 d. 150 Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Topic: Brain Development in Adolescence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 56. Aberrant salience means that __________. a. enlarged brain ventricles cause people with schizophrenia to be unable to concentrate b. a large amount of communication deviance in the family can cause a person with schizophrenia to relapse c. dysregulated dopamine can cause people with schizophrenia to pay too much attention to stimuli that are not actually important d. people with schizophrenia often show unusual motor behaviors Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Topic: Neurochemistry Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 57. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that researchers suspect might be involved in schizophrenia because __________. a. it makes dopamine b. it causes the ventricles to enlarge c. it is missing in the brains of people with schizophrenia d. alterations in glutamate levels can produce schizophrenic-like symptoms in normal subjects Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Topic: Neurochemistry Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 58. What is a stressor that has been found to increase the risk of developing schizophrenia? a. Being an identical twin 20 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. Being raised in an isolated rural area c. Being a recent immigrant d. Living alone Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Immigration Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 59. A rigorous study conducted by the Swedish army showed that young men who were heavy cannabis users by age 18 were __________ times more likely to develop schizophrenia than those who weren’t. a. 3 b. 4.5 c. 6 d. 10.3 Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Cannabis Use and Abuse Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 60. What is a methodological flaw in studies of cannabis use and schizophrenia? a. People in the early stages of psychosis may just be more inclined to try drugs. b. People in the early stages of drug use may just be more inclined to develop schizophrenia. c. These studies ignore the cultural influences on cannabis use among immigrants. d. These studies establish the cultural influences on cannabis use among immigrants. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Cannabis Use and Abuse Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 61. First-generation antipsychotics __________. a. work by blocking dopamine receptors b. are not effective c. produce few side effects 21 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. include Seroquel and Abilify Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Topic: Pharmacological Approaches Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 62. Which of the following is a true statement about antipsychotic medications? a. Large numbers of clinical trials have failed to demonstrate the efficacy and effectiveness of these drugs. b. Some clinical change can be seen within the first 24 hours, but it drops off rapidly thereafter. c. These medications can take two to four weeks to have any effect on the patient. d. The earlier patients receive these medications, the better they tend to do over the long term. Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Topic: Pharmacological Approaches Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 63. Patients with schizophrenia who receive __________ are less likely to relapse or be readmitted to the hospital than those receiving the standard treatment only. a. psychoactive medication b. psychoeducation c. cognitive remediation d. case management Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Topic: Psychosocial Approaches Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 64. What type of training places an emphasis on helping patients deal with their neurocognitive deficits? a. Cognitive remediation training b. Social skills training c. Case management d. Family therapy Answer: a 22 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Topic: Psychosocial Approaches Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 65. Cognitive-behavioral treatment for people with schizophrenia tries to help them __________. a. learn a trade, so they can earn a living b. gain the skills they need for daily living c. find the services they need in the community d. question their delusions, to help reduce their intensity Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Topic: Psychosocial Approaches Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. SHORT ANSWER 66. What is thought to explain the delayed onset of schizophrenia in women? Answer: The peak age of onset for schizophrenia in males is between 20 and 24. For women, there is a lesser peak around that age, a marked drop after about age 35, and another peak in the early 60s. For every three men who develop the disorder, only two women do. There is some reason to believe that estrogen may serve to protect the female brain. Consistent with this hypothesis, it has been observed that women with schizophrenia experience more psychotic symptoms when estrogen levels are low or dropping. Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Topic: Epidemiology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 67. What is a delusion? What type of delusions are most common in schizophrenia? Answer: A delusion is a thought, a cognition, with no basis in reality. Common delusions involve believing that one’s actions or thoughts are being controlled by some external force, that one’s thoughts are being broadcast, and that thoughts are being inserted into one’s mind. These delusions are all consistent with the disorganized thoughts commonly seen in schizophrenia. Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. 23 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Delusions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 68. What is catatonia? Is it a positive or negative symptom? Explain your answer. Answer: Catatonia is a negative symptom of schizophrenia, as it is characterized by the absence of normal behavior. The patient with catatonia may have virtually no movement or speech, or they may freeze and hold an awkward position for an extended period of time. Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Disorganized Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 69. Explain and give examples of positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Answer: Positive symptoms involve the presence of abnormal behavior. Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, and bizarre behavior are all examples of positive symptoms. Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Topic: Negative Symptoms Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 70. What is schizoaffective disorder? Answer: The individual diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder exhibits symptoms of both schizophrenia and an affective disorder; he or she experiences both psychosis and extremes of mood. It is not clear whether this disorder is best thought of as a form of mood disorder or a form of schizophrenia. Learning Objective: 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Topic: Schizoaffective Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 71. What are two types of prenatal experience associated with increased risk of schizophrenia?

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: 1. Flu virus (elevated risk in children whose mothers had the flu during the second trimester). 2. Rh incompatibility (elevated risk in children). 3. Early prenatal nutritional deficiency. All compromise fetal development, especially brain development. Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Prenatal Exposures Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 72. How is dopamine theorized to induce psychosis? Answer: Dopamine may play a role in how much attention people pay to stimuli. Too much may make them pay too much attention to irrelevant stimuli (aberrant salience), contributing to thought disorder. Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Topic: Neurochemistry Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 73. Ethel lives with her parents. She frequently has relapses into schizophrenia. If her family is characterized by expressed emotion, what behaviors can we expect in her parents that induce relapse? Answer: Her family may be highly critical of or even hostile to Ethel because of her illness. Emotional overinvolvement—a dramatic or overconcerned attitude toward Ethel and her illness—may also be in play. Expressed emotion is a reliable predictor of relapse even when potentially important patient variables are controlled statistically. When families lower their EE (often with clinical intervention), patients’ relapse rates decline. Learning Objective: 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Family and Relapse Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 74. Why is immigration associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia? Answer: Research shows that recent immigrants have much higher risks of developing schizophrenia than people who are native to the country of immigration. The stress of social disadvantage, social defeat, and discrimination may be sufficient to push someone with a genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia into psychosis.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Immigration Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 75. What is a promising new treatment for schizophrenia, and what are its benefits? Answer: The integration of exercise as a treatment therapy for patients with schizophrenia appears to help improve brain health, thereby reducing positive and negative symptoms. Exercise improves cognition and overall functioning, reduces inflammation, and stimulates the growth of new neurons in the hippocampus. Learning Objective: 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Topic: Psychosocial Approaches Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. ESSAY 76. What important aspect of the adoptive family was missing from early studies? What did later studies find when they included it? Answer: Early studies did not examine the child-rearing adequacy of the adoptive family. Later studies found that communication deviance—how understandable and easy to follow the speech of family members was—was related to risk of schizophrenia. Children with a biological risk for schizophrenia who were adopted into families with high communication deviance had an increased risk of the disease. If the child had no genetic predisposition for schizophrenia, communication deviance did not make a difference in risk. Most interesting, if a genetic risk existed and the child was adopted into a family with low communication deviance, that child’s risk for schizophrenia was actually lower than the other groups’! GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 5 for missing information from early studies and 5 for identifying what later studies concluded. Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Genetic Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 77. What is the evidence for and against the dopamine hypothesis?

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: The most well-studied neurotransmitter implicated in schizophrenia is dopamine. The dopamine hypothesis dates back to the 1960s and was derived from three important observations: (1) the pharmacological action of the drug chlorpromazine (Thorazine), which blocks dopamine receptors; (2) the abuse of amphetamines (which cause excess dopamine) created paranoia and auditory hallucinations; (3) clinical studies that used drugs to increase the availability of dopamine in the brain brought on psychotic symptoms. The glutamate hypothesis challenges the dopamine hypothesis for the neurotransmitter dysfunction responsible for schizophrenia, but since dopamine receptors inhibit the release of glutamate, this actually makes the dopamine hypothesis more credible. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 7 points for dopamine and 3 for glutamate. Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Topic: Neurochemistry Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 78. Explain the role that family plays in schizophrenia development and relapse? Answer: While it was once thought that features of the home environment “caused” schizophrenia, such simplistic explanations have been discarded. At one time, it was believed that inconsistent emotional signals from a parent led to schizophrenia; this “double-bind” hypothesis has not been supported. While there is little or no evidence to support a role for the family environment in the development of the disorder, it has been shown that communication patterns can predict relapse. In other words, familial interactions that are stressful can contribute to relapse. A recurrence of symptoms is more likely in a home that is high in expressed emotion. The elements of expressed emotion are criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement. GRADING RUBRIC: 8 points total, 2 points for noting that family is not implicated as a causal factor, 2 points for noting role of family in relapse, 2 points for explanation of/reference to double-bind, 2 points for expressed emotion. Learning Objective: 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. Topic: Families and Relapse Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module Quiz 13.1: Schizophrenia EOM Q13.1.1 Which of the following is the hallmark of schizophrenia? a) losing contact with reality, referred to as psychosis b) experiencing more than one personality in the same individual Consider This: Remember that one of the most common symptoms of schizophrenia is the experience of delusional thinking. 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. c) experiencing physical symptoms in the absence of any physical or organic cause Consider This: Remember that one of the most common symptoms of schizophrenia is the experience of delusional thinking. 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. d) perceiving a major flaw in one's body that is either nonexistent or highly exaggerated Consider This: Remember that one of the most common symptoms of schizophrenia is the experience of delusional thinking. 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Module: Schizophrenia Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q13.1.2 Marcus, age 19, is a college sophomore who has recently begun demonstrating the symptoms of schizophrenia. Which of the following details is most likely true of Marcus? a) His mother worked as a dry cleaner. b) His parents were both born in the United States. Consider This: Many factors related to the incidence of schizophrenia are not well-understood, but perhaps some exposure to environmental toxins may be a contributor. 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. c) When Marcus was born, his father was in his mid-40s. Consider This: Many factors related to the incidence of schizophrenia are not well-understood, but perhaps some exposure to environmental toxins may be a contributor. 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. d) When Marcus was conceived, his mother was 15. Consider This: Many factors related to the incidence of schizophrenia are not well-understood, but perhaps some exposure to environmental toxins may be a contributor. 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Answer: a 28 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Module: Schizophrenia Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q13.1.3 When Eugen Bleuler used the word schizophrenia to describe a "splitting" he observed in patients, he used the term to represent a __________. a) splitting of the intellect from emotion and external reality b) "Jekyll and Hyde" split personality Consider This: Bleuler chose the word schizophrenia to emphasize the presence of disorganized of thought processes observed with his patients. 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. c) separation into multiple personalities Consider This: Bleuler chose the word schizophrenia to emphasize the presence of disorganized of thought processes observed with his patients. 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. d) splitting of mood into extreme highs and lows Consider This: Bleuler chose the word schizophrenia to emphasize the presence of disorganized of thought processes observed with his patients. 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Module: Schizophrenia Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q13.1.4 The risk of developing schizophrenia is around __________. a) 0.7 percent b) 1 percent Consider This: Around 1 out of 140 people who survive until at least age 55 will develop the disorder. 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. c) 5 percent Consider This: Around 1 out of 140 people who survive until at least age 55 will develop the disorder. 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. d) 10 percent Consider This: Around 1 out of 140 people who survive until at least age 55 will develop the disorder. 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Module: Schizophrenia Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q13.1.5 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Which of the following most accurately describes some sex differences observed in schizophrenia? a) The onset of schizophrenia occurs earlier in men than in women. b) Unlike women, men show three unique peak ages for schizophrenia onset. Consider This: All but one of these answers shows the reverse of the effect described in women and men. 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. c) Women tend to have a more severe form of schizophrenia. Consider This: All but one of these answers shows the reverse of the effect described in women and men. 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. d) For every three women who develop schizophrenia, only two men do. Consider This: All but one of these answers shows the reverse of the effect described in women and men. 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Module: Schizophrenia Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 13.2: Clinical Picture EOM Q13.2.1 A person experiencing a delusion of __________ might believe that the billboard that she saw while driving down the highway was speaking directly to her instead of simply advertising a product. a) reference b) broadcasting Consider This: In this kind of delusion, the person thinks that a neutral environmental event has special meaning intended only for them. 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. c) control Consider This: In this kind of delusion, the person thinks that a neutral environmental event has special meaning intended only for them. 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. d) bodily change Consider This: In this kind of delusion, the person thinks that a neutral environmental event has special meaning intended only for them. 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Module: Clinical Picture Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q13.2.2 Which statement supports the notion that a hallucination is a sensory experience that is internally 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

rather than externally generated? a) Some deaf people with schizophrenia experience auditory hallucinations. b) Hallucinations are always of the sensory system that matches the delusion that is being simultaneously experienced. Consider This: If a hallucination was prompted by an external stimulus, which of these statements would not be possible? 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. c) Hallucinations are always of the sensory system that matches the delusion that is being simultaneously experienced. Consider This: If a hallucination was prompted by an external stimulus, which of these statements would not be possible? 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. d) Hallucinations are the symptoms of schizophrenia that are least responsive to antipsychotic medications. Consider This: If a hallucination was prompted by an external stimulus, which of these statements would not be possible? 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Module: Clinical Picture Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q13.2.3 Why are symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking categorized as positive symptoms? a) They reflect an excess or distortion in a normal repertoire of behavior or experience. b) They can, in many cases, be beneficial to the person experiencing them. Consider This: Think of the term "positive" in a quantitative, and not qualitative, way. 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. c) Because the symptoms tend to get more and more severe over time, reflecting an additive component. Consider This: Think of the term "positive" in a quantitative, and not qualitative, way. 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. d) Because they tend to occur only after other, less obvious symptoms occur early in the illness. Consider This: Think of the term "positive" in a quantitative, and not qualitative, way. 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Module: Clinical Picture Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 13.3: Other Psychotic Disorders

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q13.3.1 Which disorder would provide the greatest challenge for a clinician to accurately diagnose? a) schizoaffective disorder b) brief psychotic disorder Consider This: The person not only has psychotic symptoms that meet criteria for schizophrenia but also has marked changes in mood for a substantial amount of time. 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. c) delusional disorder Consider This: The person not only has psychotic symptoms that meet criteria for schizophrenia but also has marked changes in mood for a substantial amount of time. 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. d) schizophreniform disorder Consider This: The person not only has psychotic symptoms that meet criteria for schizophrenia but also has marked changes in mood for a substantial amount of time. 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Module: Other Psychotic Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q13.3.2 While the symptoms of brief psychotic disorder may last for __________, the symptoms of a schizophreniform disorder can persist for __________. a) up to 1 month; between 1 and 6 months b) 2 weeks or less; no more than 3 months Consider This: Even though there is often great emotional turmoil, the brief psychotic disorder episode usually lasts only a matter of days (too short to warrant a diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder). 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. c) 6 months; 1 year Consider This: Even though there is often great emotional turmoil, the brief psychotic disorder episode usually lasts only a matter of days (too short to warrant a diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder). 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. d) 1 year; 5 years Consider This: Even though there is often great emotional turmoil, the brief psychotic disorder episode usually lasts only a matter of days (too short to warrant a diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder). 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Module: Other Psychotic Disorders Skill Level: Remember 32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q13.3.3 Although Shelby has never met Donald Trump, she firmly believes he is in love with her because of the way he looks at her when he appears on the television. Her efforts to contact him have never been successful, which Shelby attributes to his need to keep their love secret "for now." Shelby has covered the walls of her bedroom with Trump photographs and posts long essays about their mutual love on her blog and social media accounts. Shelby works full-time, lives alone in an apartment, and exhibits no unusual behavior apart from her "secret affair" with Trump. Shelby's behavior is consistent with the DSM-5 diagnosis of __________. a) erotomania b) schizoaffective disorder Consider This: Some evidence suggests that a significant proportion of female stalkers are diagnosed with this. 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. c) schizophreniform disorder Consider This: Some evidence suggests that a significant proportion of female stalkers are diagnosed with this. 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. d) brief psychotic disorder Consider This: Some evidence suggests that a significant proportion of female stalkers are diagnosed with this. 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Module: Other Psychotic Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 13.4: Genetic and Biological Factors EOM Q13.4.1 Research by Heston in 1966 suggested that a diagnosis of schizophrenia in one's mother was associated with an increased probability of being diagnosed with several other conditions, including __________. a) intellectual impairments, neurosis, and psychopathy b) major depression, phobic disorder, and substance abuse Consider This: These findings suggested that maternal genetic risk of schizophrenia created a liability for other mental illnesses as well. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. c) borderline, antisocial, and dependent personality disorders Consider This: These findings suggested that maternal genetic risk of schizophrenia created a liability for other mental illnesses as well. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) hypochondriasis, melancholia, and a frenetic personality Consider This: These findings suggested that maternal genetic risk of schizophrenia created a liability for other mental illnesses as well. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Module: Genetic and Biological Factors Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q13.4.2 __________ genes are genes that are involved in processes that are believed to be aberrant in schizophrenia. a) Candidate b) Allelic Consider This: One example is the COMT gene, which is involved in dopamine metabolism. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. c) Replicated Consider This: One example is the COMT gene, which is involved in dopamine metabolism. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. d) Mutated Consider This: One example is the COMT gene, which is involved in dopamine metabolism. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Module: Genetic and Biological Factors Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q13.4.3 Dr. Mickens is conducting a study in which the entire genetic code of two groups—one with schizophrenia and one without the disorder—is investigated. What kind of study is this? a) genome-wide association study (GWAS) b) comprehensive genotype explorative research (CGER) Consider This: Researchers attempt to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs, that are found more frequently in participants with the disorder under investigation. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. c) microgenetic verification study (MVS) Consider This: Researchers attempt to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs, that are found more frequently in participants with the disorder under investigation. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. d) neurogenetic meta-analysis (NMA) Consider This: Researchers attempt to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs, that are found more frequently in participants with the disorder under investigation. 13.4 Explain the 34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Module: Genetic and Biological Factors Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q13.4.4 Whereas __________ in mothers are associated with higher rates of schizophrenia, __________ in mothers are associated with reduced risk of schizophrenia in their offspring. a) proinflammatory cytokines; anti-inflammatory cytokines b) anti-inflammatory cytokines; proinflammatory cytokines Consider This: Genetic vulnerability toward dysregulation of the immune system may parallel genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. c) CRP; proinflammatory cytokines Consider This: Genetic vulnerability toward dysregulation of the immune system may parallel genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. d) CRP; rhesus incompatibility Consider This: Genetic vulnerability toward dysregulation of the immune system may parallel genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Module: Genetic and Biological Factors Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult End of Module Quiz 13.5: Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities EOM Q13.5.1 What evidence is noted in your textbook to support the following statement: "It is unlikely that the cognitive impairments seen in people suffering from schizophrenia are due to the effects of extended hospitalization or medication"? a) Cognitive difficulties often occur at the start of the illness, or even before it is diagnosed. b) Comparative research has looked at those with and those without schizophrenia and has found significant differences in cognitive skills. Consider This: Even before they have a diagnosable illness, young people at clinical high risk for developing psychosis perform less well than healthy controls on certain neurocognitive tests. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. c) Experimental research that has used antipsychotic medication has found that those on extended regimens of such drugs do not show significant changes in cognitive abilities. 35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Even before they have a diagnosable illness, young people at clinical high risk for developing psychosis perform less well than healthy controls on certain neurocognitive tests. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. d) Those who are diagnosed with schizophrenia prior to age 30 usually do not experience the cognitive symptoms that are seen in older people diagnosed with the condition. Consider This: Even before they have a diagnosable illness, young people at clinical high risk for developing psychosis perform less well than healthy controls on certain neurocognitive tests. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Module: Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q13.5.2 In the area of auditory processing, people with schizophrenia show deficits in a process called __________. This may interfere with their ability to habituate to similar stimuli that are presented in rapid succession. a) sensory gating b) aural localization Consider This: When this process occurs in its normal fashion, the brain dampens, or "gates," responses to repeated sensory events. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. c) temporal transduction Consider This: When this process occurs in its normal fashion, the brain dampens, or "gates," responses to repeated sensory events. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. d) sequential elaboration Consider This: When this process occurs in its normal fashion, the brain dampens, or "gates," responses to repeated sensory events. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Module: Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q13.5.3 Which problem, recently identified in the white matter of people with schizophrenia, explains a lot of the clinical features of the disorder? a) dysconnectivity b) non-integration Consider This: This phenomenon is described as abnormal integration between distinct brain regions, particularly those that involve the frontal lobes. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. c) heightened synaptic pruning Consider This: This phenomenon is described as abnormal integration between distinct brain regions, particularly those that involve the frontal lobes. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. 36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) demyelination Consider This: This phenomenon is described as abnormal integration between distinct brain regions, particularly those that involve the frontal lobes. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Module: Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q13.5.4 Marlon is transitioning between his adolescent and early-adulthood years. His brain is, therefore, going through a lot of structural changes. Which of the following is one of those changes? a) The number of excess synapses are being reduced, or "pruned." b) There is a general loss of neuroplasticity, which refers to the brain's ability to change or rewire itself. Consider This: All of these processes are thought to occur to enhance brain function overall and to make the brain more "adult." 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. c) There is an increase in gray matter volume and a reduction in white matter volume. Consider This: All of these processes are thought to occur to enhance brain function overall and to make the brain more "adult." 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. d) The number of excitatory synapses is increasing. Consider This: All of these processes are thought to occur to enhance brain function overall and to make the brain more "adult." 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Module: Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q13.5.5 The most well-studied neurotransmitter implicated in schizophrenia is __________. a) dopamine b) serotonin Consider This: The use of amphetamines produces a functional excess of this neurotransmitter. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. c) acetylcholine Consider This: The use of amphetamines produces a functional excess of this neurotransmitter. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. d) norepinephrine Consider This: The use of amphetamines produces a functional excess of this neurotransmitter. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Module: Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities Skill Level: Remember 37 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 13.6: Psychosocial and Cultural Factors EOM Q13.6.1 __________ has been a very important topic in the study of psychosocial factors that contribute to schizophrenia. High levels of this quality in families have been found to predict relapse in patients with the disorder. a) Expressed emotion b) The schizophrenogenic mother Consider This: This construct has three components: criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement. 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. c) Double-bind communication Consider This: This construct has three components: criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement. 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. d) Socioeconomic buffering Consider This: This construct has three components: criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement. 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. Module: Psychosocial and Cultural Factors Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q13.6.2 In an examination of environmental factors contributing to the development of schizophrenia, researchers in Denmark found that children who spent the first 15 years of their lives living in __________ environments were 2.75 times as likely to develop the condition as children who were raised in __________ settings. a) urban; rural b) suburban; urban Consider This: Perhaps the stressors associated with city living contribute to this finding. 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. c) rural; urban Consider This: Perhaps the stressors associated with city living contribute to this finding. 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. d) rural; suburban Consider This: Perhaps the stressors associated with city living contribute to this finding. 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with 38 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

schizophrenia. Module: Psychosocial and Cultural Factors Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q13.6.3 Research suggests that using __________ during adolescence more than doubles a person's risk of developing schizophrenia at a later stage of life. a) cannabis b) heroin Consider This: One of the active ingredients in this substance increases dopamine in several areas of the brain, which in turn worsens symptoms in those with schizophrenia. 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. c) alcohol Consider This: One of the active ingredients in this substance increases dopamine in several areas of the brain, which in turn worsens symptoms in those with schizophrenia. 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. d) stimulant drugs Consider This: One of the active ingredients in this substance increases dopamine in several areas of the brain, which in turn worsens symptoms in those with schizophrenia. 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. Module: Psychosocial and Cultural Factors Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 13.7: Treatments and Outcomes EOM Q13.7.1 Why would it be accurate to say that a "cure" for schizophrenia has yet to be uncovered? a) When stringent criteria are used to define recovery, only about 14 percent of those with schizophrenia recover. b) The vast majority of those diagnosed with this illness require long-term hospitalization, with at least half of them never being mentally healthy enough to leave such a facility. Consider This: While a small number of people do see significant reduction (or elimination) of symptoms, a large majority continues to struggle with at least some symptoms for quite some time. 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. c) Approximately half of all patients diagnosed with schizophrenia show a long-term pattern of negative symptoms. Consider This: While a small number of people do see significant reduction (or elimination) of symptoms, a large majority continues to struggle with at least some symptoms for quite some time. 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. d) DSM-5 specifies that psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are "chronic and lifelong," and thus there is no possibility of being assessed as cured or recovered. Consider This: While a small number of people do see significant reduction (or elimination) of symptoms, a large majority continues to struggle with at least some symptoms for quite some time. 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Module: Treatments and Outcomes Skill Level: Understand Difficult Level: Moderate EOM Q13.7.2 Which of the following terms, which refers to marked involuntary movement of the lips, tongue, hands, and neck, is a side effect that sometimes accompanies the use of antipsychotic medications? a) tardive dyskinesia b) psychomotor agitation Consider This: This effect is seen in more than half of the patients who have taken such medications for over 10 years. 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. c) waxy flexibility Consider This: This effect is seen in more than half of the patients who have taken such medications for over 10 years. 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. d) delayed echolalia Consider This: This effect is seen in more than half of the patients who have taken such medications for over 10 years. 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Module: Treatments and Outcomes Skill Level: Remember Difficult Level: Easy EOM Q13.7.3 Why are assertive community treatment programs a cost effective way to provide treatment to those with schizophrenia? a) They reduce the amount of time that patients spend in a hospital. b) They rely less on expensive psychotropic medications. 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Outpatient treatment is typically less expensive than inpatient intervention. 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. c) They are fully covered by all insurance companies. Consider This: Outpatient treatment is typically less expensive than inpatient intervention. 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. d) They are provided through government facilities, such as a veterans' hospital, so they do not cost the patient anything at all. Consider This: Outpatient treatment is typically less expensive than inpatient intervention. 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Module: Treatments and Outcomes Skill Level: Understand Difficult Level: Moderate End of Chapter Quiz: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders EOC Q13.1 In young adulthood, females have lower rates of schizophrenia than males. The lower rate may be a result of __________. a) the hormone estrogen providing a protective factor b) the tendency for women to be employed in occupations that do not expose them to harmful chemicals Consider This: What normal age-related physiologic changes in women coincide with changes in women's rates of schizophrenia? 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. c) women being more likely to have a larger network of social support Consider This: What normal age-related physiologic changes in women coincide with changes in women's rates of schizophrenia? 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. d) women sustaining fewer childhood head injuries Consider This: What normal age-related physiologic changes in women coincide with changes in women's rates of schizophrenia? 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected. Module: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q13.2 41 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Neuroimaging studies comparing the scans of hallucinating persons to those of non-hallucinating persons reveal that those who have speech hallucinations tend to have __________. a) a reduction in brain (gray matter) volume in the left hemisphere auditory and speech perception areas b) more white matter in the frontal and temporal regions of the brain Consider This: Neuroimaging studies of hallucinating patients show increased activity in Broca's area. 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. c) a greater amount of neural activity between the limbic system and Wernicke's region of the left hemisphere Consider This: Neuroimaging studies of hallucinating patients show increased activity in Broca's area. 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. d) less overall brain volume with a substantial reduction in gray and white matter in the temporofrontal region of the brain Consider This: Neuroimaging studies of hallucinating patients show increased activity in Broca's area. 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Module: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q13.3 Matthew was hospitalized after being found sitting in a fountain in a park for several hours with his arms extended outward. Since coming to the psychiatric unit, he remains seated in the same position for several hours at a time and is mute. Matthew's behavior is an example of __________. a) catatonia b) echolalia Consider This: This symptom is classified as disorganized behavior. 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. c) delusional behavior Consider This: This symptom is classified as disorganized behavior. 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. d) neologisms Consider This: This symptom is classified as disorganized behavior. 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5. Module: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q13.4 Kevin was hospitalized after a report from his college that he was hallucinating and delusional. After 3 days in the hospital with no medication, his behavior returned to normal. He returned to college and has continued in his studies with no further episodes being noted. Kevin's behavior is 42 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

consistent with the DSM-5 diagnosis of __________. a) brief psychotic disorder b) schizophreniform disorder Consider This: The disorder is often triggered by stress and the problem often never resurfaces. 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. c) schizoaffective disorder Consider This: The disorder is often triggered by stress and the problem often never resurfaces. 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. d) delusional disorder Consider This: The disorder is often triggered by stress and the problem often never resurfaces. 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Module: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q13.5 A person who exhibits schizophrenia-like psychoses that last at least a month but less than 6 months would most likely be diagnosed with __________. a) schizophreniform disorder b) delusional disorder Consider This: The disorder is not attributable to the effects of substance abuse. 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. c) schizoaffective disorder Consider This: The disorder is not attributable to the effects of substance abuse. 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. d) brief psychotic disorder Consider This: The disorder is not attributable to the effects of substance abuse. 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia. Module: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q13.6 Torrey and colleagues compiled concordance rates for schizophrenia in monozygotic twins. The 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

overall concordance rate was around 28 percent. For disorders believed to be exclusively genetic, one would anticipate a concordance rate of 100 percent. What do these numbers suggest about the genetic base of schizophrenia? a) Genes alone are not what determines the development of schizophrenia. b) Environment plays a bigger role in the development of schizophrenia. Consider This: Monozygotic twins are genetically identical. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. c) Diet may be a factor in the concordance rate and the development of schizophrenia. Consider This: Monozygotic twins are genetically identical. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. d) Genes are the sole determinant in the development of schizophrenia. Consider This: Monozygotic twins are genetically identical. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Module: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q13.7 A Danish adoption study compared at-risk adopted children who had biological mothers with schizophrenia to a control group of adoptees whose biological mothers did not have schizophrenia. When the environmental factor of communication deviance was assessed and compared with the two groups, it was noted that __________. a) children who were at genetic risk and who lived in adoptive families with high communication deviance showed higher levels of thought disorder when compared to control children b) children who were at genetic risk and who lived in adoptive families with low communication deviance showed higher levels of thought disorder when compared to control children Consider This: Communication deviance is a measure of how understandable and "easy to follow" the speech of a family member is. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. c) no difference in the degree of thought disorder was noted between the at-risk children and the control children in either high or low communication deviant homes Consider This: Communication deviance is a measure of how understandable and "easy to follow" the speech of a family member is. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. d) at-risk children tended to have higher rates of allergies compared to control children regardless of the communication deviance noted in the homes Consider This: Communication deviance is a measure of how understandable and "easy to follow" the speech of a family member is. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Module: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders 44 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q13.8 Walker and colleagues viewed family home movies made during the childhoods of 32 people who eventually developed schizophrenia. Facial, emotional, and motor movements were rated by the viewers. The results revealed that __________. a) children who later developed schizophrenia showed more motor abnormalities, including unusual hand movements, compared to their healthy siblings b) children who later developed schizophrenia showed more overall physical movement compared to their healthy siblings Consider This: The early differences noted in the home movies do not characterize all children who will later develop schizophrenia. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. c) children who later developed schizophrenia showed less overall physical movement compared to their healthy siblings Consider This: The early differences noted in the home movies do not characterize all children who will later develop schizophrenia. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. d) children who later developed schizophrenia showed less engagement with toys compared to their healthy siblings Consider This: The early differences noted in the home movies do not characterize all children who will later develop schizophrenia. 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia. Module: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q13.9 People with schizophrenia often have trouble with a visual task involving tracking the movement of a pendulum. This skill is called __________. a) smooth-pursuit eye movement b) saccadic eye movement Consider This: Between 54 and 86 percent of people with schizophrenia have trouble evenly following an object's movement. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. c) conjugate eye movement Consider This: Between 54 and 86 percent of people with schizophrenia have trouble evenly following an object's movement. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. d) vergence eye movement Consider This: Between 54 and 86 percent of people with schizophrenia have trouble evenly following an object's movement. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Consider This: Between 54 and 86 percent of people with schizophrenia have trouble evenly following an object's movement. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. 45 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Module: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q13.10 Research suggests that people with schizophrenia are missing inhibitory interneurons, including __________, which are involved in __________. a) GABA; regulating the excitability of other neurons b) dopamine; determining the salience of stimuli Consider This: Research suggests that patients with schizophrenia may have difficulty dampening activity in certain areas of the brain. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. c) glutamate; sending signals among nerve cells Consider This: Research suggests that patients with schizophrenia may have difficulty dampening activity in certain areas of the brain. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. d) glucocorticoids; regulating stress Consider This: Research suggests that patients with schizophrenia may have difficulty dampening activity in certain areas of the brain. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Module: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q13.11 During adolescence through to young adulthood, the following processes tend to take place as the brain develops and matures: __________. a) pruning of excess synapses and a reduction in gray matter volume b) increasing synapses and growth of gray matter volume Consider This: Schizophrenia may arise, in part, due to excessive diminishing of synapses and abnormal neural myelination during this period. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. c) decreases in the number of inhibitory synapses and increases in the number of excitatory synapses Consider This: Schizophrenia may arise, in part, due to excessive diminishing of synapses and abnormal neural myelination during this period. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. d) decreases in white matter and in the volume of the hippocampus Consider This: Schizophrenia may arise, in part, due to excessive diminishing of synapses and abnormal neural myelination during this period. 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Answer: a 46 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia. Module: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q13.12 Brown developed a construct called __________, which measures family environment based on how a family member speaks about the patient during a private interview with a researcher. a) expressed emotion b) the double-bind Consider This: This construct consists of three main elements that have been shown to predict relapse in patients with schizophrenia. 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. c) communication deviance Consider This: This construct consists of three main elements that have been shown to predict relapse in patients with schizophrenia. 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. d) inferred communication Consider This: This construct consists of three main elements that have been shown to predict relapse in patients with schizophrenia. 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. Module: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q13.13 This chapter stresses the point that schizophrenia is a(n) __________ disorder. a) genetically influenced, but not a genetically determined b) genetically determined Consider This: An interplay between genetic factors, prenatal events, brain maturational processes, and stress contribute to the development of schizophrenia. 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. c) environmentally influenced, but not an environmentally determined Consider This: An interplay between genetic factors, prenatal events, brain maturational processes, and stress contribute to the development of schizophrenia. 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. d) environmentally determined Consider This: An interplay between genetic factors, prenatal events, brain maturational processes, and stress contribute to the development of schizophrenia. 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. 47 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Module: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q13.14 The common factor noted in all of the medications used to treat schizophrenia is their ability to block __________ receptors in the brain. a) dopamine D2 receptors b) gamma amino butyric acid GABA-A Consider This: Recall the hypothesis that looks at the role of a certain neurotransmitter in schizophrenia. 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how is it treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. c) serotonin 5-HT Consider This: Recall the hypothesis that looks at the role of a certain neurotransmitter in schizophrenia. 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how is it treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. d) alpha 2-adrenergic Consider This: Recall the hypothesis that looks at the role of a certain neurotransmitter in schizophrenia. 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how is it treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia. Module: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q13.15 Marcus's therapist is helping him to work on his interpersonal relationships, self-care skills, and medication management. He is also working on maintaining eye contact with people, speaking at a moderate pace, and maintaining a conversation. What form of treatment is Marcus likely receiving? a) social-skills training b) social-experiential skills training Consider This: This form of treatment tends to reduce relapse and need for expensive hospitalbased treatments. 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how is it treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. c) psychoeducation Consider This: This form of treatment tends to reduce relapse and need for expensive hospitalbased treatments. 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how is it treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. d) behavioral restructuring therapy Consider This: This form of treatment tends to reduce relapse and need for expensive hospitalbased treatments. 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how is it treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Answer: a 48 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how is it treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Module: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 14: Neurocognitive Disorders Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Learning Objective

Question Type

Remember the Facts

Understand the Concepts

Introduction

Multiple Choice

14.1 Describe the Multiple Choice impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of Short Answer these disorders. Essay

3, 7

4, 9, 14

14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated.

Multiple Choice

15, 16, 17, 18, 19

Short Answer

Apply What You Know

Analyze It

Short Answer Essay 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13

65, 66

Essay 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders.

Multiple Choice

22, 23, 24

20, 21

Short Answer Essay

14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease.

Multiple Choice

Short Answer

73 32, 36, 40

25, 26, 29, 30, 31, 34, 35, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44

27, 28, 33

Essay 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems.

74, 75

Multiple Choice

45, 46

Short Answer

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Essay 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused.

Multiple Choice

48, 49, 50

Short Answer Essay

14.7 Describe some of the Multiple Choice clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors Short Answer that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Essay

51, 55, 60

52, 53, 54, 61, 62, 64

56, 57, 58, 59, 63

70, 71, 72

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 14: Neurocognitive Disorders MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. It is important that mental health professionals have an understanding of the effects of brain damage because __________. a. most of their patients will have brain damage b. brain damage can result in symptoms that look like psychological conditions c. many of the medications used to treat psychopathology cause brain damage d. the effects of most forms of brain damage are reversible Answer: b Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. Which of the following is a true statement about the brain? a. The skull could support as much as three tons of weight. b. The brain is protected only by the skull. c. The human brain typically weights about 5 pounds. d. Brain damage rarely results in cognitive changes. Answer: a Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3. Following the updated diagnostic category in DSM-5, what diagnosis is used for patients thought to have Alzheimer’s disease? a. Major neurocognitive disorder associated with Alzheimer’s disease b. Minor neurocognitive disorder associated with Alzheimer’s disease c. Dementia praecox, Alzheimer’s type d. Mild neurocognitive dementia, Alzheimer’s type Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Topic: Brain Impairment in Adults Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

4. With a few exceptions, cell bodies and neural pathways in the brain __________. a. are destined for growing deficits caused by aging b. are remarkably plastic, quickly repairing damaged tissue c. do not appear to have the power of regeneration d. regenerate quickly in adults, but not in children Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Topic: Clinical Signs of Brain Damage Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 5. Which of the following individuals is at the greatest risk of experiencing cognitive and neurological impairments? a. Tan, a nail salon technician b. Gertie, a hair stylist c. Malcolm, an automotive mechanic d. Jax, a meat-processing plant production line manager Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Topic: Diffuse versus Focal Damage Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 6. When Ms. Goldberg experienced a stroke, a small area of her brain was deprived of oxygenated blood. This resulted in a __________. a. diffuse brain injury b. focal brain lesion c. psychopathological dementia d. diffuse lesion Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Topic: Diffuse versus Focal Damage Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 7. Most strokes are __________; the other 13 percent are __________. Both types can be disastrous and even fatal. a. ischemic; hemorrhagic b. hemorrhagic; ischemic c. caused by traumatic brain injury; of unknown etiology 4 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. of unknown etiology; caused by blood clots Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Topic: Diffuse versus Focal Damage Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 8. Trudi has suffered focal brain damage in her left parietal lobe. She will likely have __________. a. difficulty with visual-motor coordination b. difficulty solving math problems c. problems with nonverbal reasoning d. problems with spatial relationships Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Topic: Diffuse versus Focal Damage Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 9. Extensive damage to the right parietal lobe of the brain is most likely to result in __________. a. the inability to recognize familiar faces b. visual-motor coordination impairment c. the inability to retrieve long-term memories d. the inability to store new memories Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Topic: Diffuse versus Focal Damage Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 10. Following her stroke, Karys no longer cares whether her grandchildren come to visit or not. This would be described as what kind of impairment? a. Apathy or emotional blunting b. Impairment of emotional control or modulation c. Impairment of control over matters of propriety and ethical conduct d. Impairment of receptive and expressive communication Answer: a

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Topic: Diffuse versus Focal Damage Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 11. Which of the following is a good example of a person with an impairment of orientation? a. Terry, who once thought he was homosexual but now thinks he is heterosexual b. Wylie, who cannot accurately draw objects or copy designs on a piece of paper c. Brittany, who must constantly be reminded of what to do next when she is getting dressed d. Collin, who is not sure where he is or what month or year it is Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Topic: Diffuse versus Focal Damage Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 12. Barry had a stroke several months ago. Among the changes that his family has noticed is that he now blows up over little things, cries over minor problems, and laughs at anything, no matter how silly. Barry is showing __________. a. focal brain damage b. impairment of receptive and expressive communication c. impairment of emotional modulation d. affective blunting Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Topic: Diffuse versus Focal Damage Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 13. The psychopathological symptoms that sometimes accompany brain impairment __________. a. are not always predictable b. don’t affect cognitive function c. fall into a small number of very specific types d. are indistinguishable from mood disorders Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Topic: Diffuse versus Focal Damage 6 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 14. Which of the following statements accurately describes the incidence of mental illness following brain trauma? a. Any type of psychological disorder, such as depression or panic attack, is a direct result of brain damage. b. Approximately 27 percent of stroke survivors attempt suicide within six months following their stroke. c. Patients who are intelligent, well-educated, and mentally active experience less mental and behavioral deterioration. d. After brain injury caused by a fall or an accident, approximately 11 percent of patients attempt suicide. Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Topic: The Neurocognitive/Psychopathology Interaction Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 15. Delirium __________. a. develops slowly b. disturbs awareness c. occurs in most elderly people d. reflects severe brain damage Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 16. Delirium is thought to be more common in the elderly due to __________. a. their weakened immune systems b. their relative lack of physical and mental activity c. chemical imbalances d. normal age-related changes in the brain Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. Topic: Clinical Picture 7 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 17. Suddenly, Leticia is unable to remember what she was doing. She screams that bugs are crawling all over the walls. She begins to wildly swing her arms around. She can’t fall asleep at night, but finally falls asleep at daylight. Leticia is most likely experiencing __________. a. dementia b. focal brain damage c. depression d. delirium Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 18. The most common cause of delirium is __________. a. disease relapse b. drug intoxication c. electrolytic imbalance d. stroke damage Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 19. Delirium is correlated with cognitive decline, longer hospital stays, more health problems, and increased mortality. In fact, nearly __________ percent of elderly patients die within __________ following a diagnosis of delirium. a. 15; twelve months b. 25; six months c. 35; one month d. 45; one week Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. Topic: Clinical Picture 8 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 20. Which of the following is an important reason why DSM-5 replaced the broad diagnostic category of dementiawith the term “major neurocognitive disorder”? a. “Dementia” is not a very appropriate term for younger adults who have cognitive problems. b. “Dementia” is not a very appropriate term for elderly people with cognitive problems. c. The AARP filed a lawsuit against the American Psychological Association because of the stigma associated with the word “dementia.” d. Only Alzheimer’s disease can be considered “dementia,” therefore the term was redundant. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. Topic: Major Neurocognitive Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 21. The first sign of neurocognitive disorder in older adults is typically __________. a. lack of alertness b. lack of attention to the environment c. motor control problems d. impaired memory of recent events Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. Topic: Major Neurocognitive Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 22. The most common cause of major neurocognitive disorder is __________. a. stroke b. severe or repeated head injury c. Alzheimer’s disease d. drug toxicity Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. Topic: Major Neurocognitive Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 9 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 23. Which of the following disorders is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors or rigid movements, and is identified as the second most common neurodegenerative disorder? a. AIDS b. Alzheimer’s disease c. Huntington’s disease d. Parkinson’s disease Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. Topic: Parkinson’s Disease Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 24. Which of the following disorders affects men and women in equal numbers, is characterized by a chronic, progressive chorea (involuntary and irregular movements that flow randomly from one area of the body to another), and is terminal within 10 to 20 years of diagnosis. a. Huntington’s disease b. Alzheimer’s disease c. AIDS d. Parkinson’s disease Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. Topic: Huntington’s Disease Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 25. In order for a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease to be definitively made __________. a. brain tissue must be examined upon autopsy b. symptoms must be present for over two years c. the afflicted individual must exhibit delirium at least 50 percent of the time d. plaques and tangles must be visible on an MRI Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 26. Which of the following is a true statement about Alzheimer’s disease? a. It is a gradual decline in multiple cognitive deficits, not just problems with memory. 10 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. Changes in mood are rarely seen. c. Deterioration into a vegetative state occurs in two years or less. d. The first symptoms involve delusions and assaultive behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 27. Mikel is in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Which of the following symptoms is likely observed, leading to this conclusion? a. Persistent delusions b. Loss of contact with reality c. Difficulty recalling recent events d. Excessive neatness and an intrusive interest in others’ affairs Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 28. The text presents a case study of a retired man who was hospitalized by his wife and son. He is typical of many patients ultimately diagnosed with Alzheimer’s in that __________. a. he had become violent toward family members b. he never lost his orientation for time and person c. he had good memory for remote events but no memory for events that just occurred d. he became hypochondriacal and performed repetitive, meaningless rituals Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 29. What types of delusions are most commonly seen in Alzheimer’s disease? a. Delusions of grandeur b. Delusions of persecution c. Delusions of reference d. Delusions of bodily changes Answer: b

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 30. What percentage of physically aggressive Alzheimer’s patients are delusional? a. 40 percent b. 50 percent c. 80 percent d. 90 percent Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 31. Ramiro has been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. On average, how long will Ramiro live before succumbing to the complications from Alzheimer’s disease? a. 13.2 months b. 19 months c. 2.1 years d. 5.7 years Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 32. Worldwide, there are __________ million people with Alzheimer’s disease, with that number expected to reach __________ million by 2030. a. 4; 8 b. 18.5; 36 c. 35; 66 d. 50; 75 Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Prevalence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 12 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 33. Which of the following individuals is at the greatest risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease? a. Lois, a 65-year-old woman who is dissatisfied with her retirement income b. Benjamin, a 73-year-old man who is concerned over his recent weight gain c. Dulce, a 70-year-old woman who tells her hairdresser that she is lonely d. Betty, a 78-year-old woman who has just had a double knee replacement Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Prevalence Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 34. One of the most promising directions in Alzheimer’s research is __________. a. the role of microorganisms found in the microbiome b. a groundbreaking vaccine used to prevent Alzheimer’s c. an oral medication made of turmeric and fish oil, which is taken twice a day d. the preventive nature of weight-bearing exercise Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Prevalence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 35. One important difference between early-onset Alzheimer’s disease and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease is that in early-onset Alzheimer’s __________. a. the condition is marked by cognitive decline b. only elderly people with Down syndrome are affected c. cognitive decline is quite slow d. cognitive decline is often rapid Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Prevalence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 36. What gene appears to play an important role in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease? a. APP, on chromosome 21 b. APOE, on chromosome 19 13 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. PS1, on chromosome 14 d. PS2, on chromosome 1 Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 37. It has been observed that if a woman gives birth to a child with Down syndrome before the age of 35, she has an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Which of the following best explains this observation? a. The same gene underlies both Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease. b. Women under 35 are not emotionally mature enough to manage a child with mental retardation. c. Multiple copies of the APOE-4 allele increase the likelihood of both conditions. d. A genetic mutation that increases susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease also increases the likelihood of passing on chromosomal abnormalities. Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 38. In the Alzheimer’s brain, the protein called tau is __________. a. a sticky substance at the core of a plaque b. a neurotoxic substance c. like scaffolding, supporting a tube inside neurons and allowing them to conduct nerve impulses d. misshapen and tangled, causing the neuron tube to collapse Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Neuropathology Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 39. What type of drug is used to inhibit the breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh) in patients with Alzheimer’s disease? a. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories b. Antidepressants 14 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. Antipsychotics d. Cholinesterase inhibitors Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Neuropathology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 40. Consistent with their established role in memory, neurons in the __________ suffer much damage in Alzheimer’s disease. a. hippocampus b. hypothalamus c. thalamus d. amygdala Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Neuropathology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 41. The first neurons to be affected in Alzheimer’s disease are cells that release __________. a. serotonin b. acetylcholine c. beta amyloid d. dopamine Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Neuropathology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 42. For which of the following potential treatments for Alzheimer’s disease did research have to be discontinued due to dangerous side effects? a. Memantine, which may regulate activity of the neurotransmitter glutamate b. ACh inhibitors that improve cognitive functioning c. Donepezil placebo inhibitors d. Vaccines that might clear away any accumulated plaques Answer: d

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Neuropathology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 43. Caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease __________. a. experience “social death” b. are at high risk for depression c. show high levels of ApoE, even if they do not show any outward anxiety symptoms d. are likely to show signs of cognitive deterioration Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Supporting Caregivers Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 44. Which of the following does the text identify as a way to preserve brain function as we age? a. Vegan diet b. Aspirin regimen c. Exercise d. Higher income Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Supporting Caregivers Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 45. Resulting from multiple small strokes, what neurocognitive disorder is frequently confused with Alzheimer’s disease? a. AIDS-related dementia b. Multi-infarct dementia c. Vascular dementia d. Amnestic disorder Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. Topic: Neurocognitive Disorder Resulting from Vascular Problems Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

46. How does vascular dementia differ from Alzheimer’s disease? a. It is not progressive. b. It occurs at an earlier age. c. The early clinical picture is more homogeneous than that seen in Alzheimer’s disease. d. Accompanying mood disorders are more common. Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. Topic: Neurocognitive Disorder Resulting from Vascular Problems Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 47. Hank is 73 years old. His daughter notes his failing memory and tells the doctor she thinks he has Alzheimer’s. The doctor notes Hank’s depressed mood and unsteadiness on his feet, and diagnoses Hank with __________. a. amnestic disorder b. late-onset Alzheimer’s disease c. early-onset Alzheimer’s disease d. vascular dementia Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. Topic: Neurocognitive Disorder Resulting from Vascular Problems Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 48. An individual with amnestic disorder is likely to be unable to __________. a. tell you whom they met five minutes ago b. describe the house they grew up in c. tell you their address d. demonstrate how to ride a bike Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. Topic: Neurocognitive Disorder Characterized by Profound Memory Impairment (Amnestic Disorder) Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 49. Procedural memory is often intact in patients with amnestic disorder. This means that __________. a. they will eventually recover their short-term memory b. they will eventually recover their memory of the most important personal events in their lives, but will still have problems with short-term memory c. they can still learn routines and skills, and may be able to be taught tasks that will enable them to work 17 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. the memory pathways in the brain are still intact, so patients can be retaught how to remember things Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. Topic: Neurocognitive Disorder Characterized by Profound Memory Impairment (Amnestic Disorder) Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 50. Brain damage is the root cause of neurocognitive disorder characterized by profound memory impairment, except in the case of __________, which is sometimes reversible with vitamin B1 therapy. a. Korsakoff’s syndrome b. Alzheimer’s disease c. vascular dementia d. AIDS-related dementia Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. Topic: Neurocognitive Disorder Characterized by Profound Memory Impairment (Amnestic Disorder) Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 51. The most common cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is __________. a. stroke b. falls c. drug abuse d. Alzheimer’s disease Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Topic: Disorders Involving Head Injury Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 52. When a closed-head injury occurs, __________. a. the damage is localized b. the damage results from the brain colliding with the interior skull wall c. post-trauma epilepsy is common d. the skull is bruised Answer: b

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 53. The damage that might be caused to the brain by riding a violently fast roller coaster is consistent with __________. a. a closed-head injury b. a penetrating head injury c. vascular dementia d. a series of circumscribed cerebral infarcts Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 54. Severe head injury resulting in unconsciousness often causes a person to experience __________, the inability to recall events that happened right before the injury. a. amnestic dementia b. anterograde amnesia c. retrograde amnesia d. psychogenic amnesia Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 55. The occurrence of __________ after a head injury suggests a poor prognosis. a. concussion b. retrograde amnesia c. contusion d. anterograde amnesia Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 19 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 56. After the car accident, Shayne was unable to remember what happened from the time of the crash until the following morning. Shayne appears to have experienced __________. a. amnestic disorder b. anterograde amnesia c. retrograde amnesia d. dissociative fugue Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 57. Which of the following athletes has the greatest risk of suffering brain damage because of a concussion? a. A 9-year-old boy football player b. A 27-year-old woman swimmer c. A 19-year-old boy soccer player d. A 14-year-old girl gymnast Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 58. Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between participation in sports and traumatic brain injury (TBI)? a. Any TBI experienced during youth sports has little to no long-term impact on adult health. b. College athletes who played baseball have smaller hippocampal volumes than those who never played baseball. c. American football players who experience concussions are at greater risk of developing depression. d. Volleyball presents the greatest risk for brain injuries in females. Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 20 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

59. The case of Phineas Gage demonstrates __________. a. the role of the brain in determining personality b. that even the most serious brain injuries need not lead to permanent alteration in behavior c. the role of the temporal lobe in controlling behavioral impulses d. the importance of a healthy cerebrovascular system Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 60. Approximately __________ percent of people with traumatic brain injury develop posttraumatic epilepsy. a. 5 b. 13 c. 24 d. 54 Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 61. What is one of the most lasting changes in a majority of adults who experience severe TBI? a. A loss of night vision b. The inability to regulate emotions c. Difficulty managing personal finances b. The inability to drive Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Topic: Treatments and Outcomes Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 62. Which of the following is probably the most important factor in determining the functioning of a child who has undergone significant traumatic brain injury? a. Socioeconomic bracket 21 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. Gender c. Competencies acquired before the injury d. Family environment Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Topic: Treatments and Outcomes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 63. Before his accident, Clarence was unemployed and had few friends. Deacon, who suffered comparable head trauma, was a successful businessman and had just married. Which of these men should have the more favorable outcome, and why? a. Clarence, because his lack of responsibilities will permit him to focus on getting well b. Clarence, because he will benefit from relearning basic social skills c. Deacon, because he is more likely to be motivated to recover d. There is no reason to expect that these men will have different outcomes. Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Topic: Treatments and Outcomes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 64. Positive outcomes following a traumatic brain injury are associated with __________. a. being young b. having higher educational attainment c. experiencing severe cognitive impairment d. later intervention Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Topic: Treatments and Outcomes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. SHORT ANSWER 65. What factors determine the amount of impairment from brain damage?

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: The nature, location, and extent of the damage; premorbid competence and personality; an individual’s life situation; and the amount of time since the first appearance of the condition. Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Topic: Clinical Signs of Brain Damage Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 66. Damage to the frontal areas of the brain is likely to have what sort of effects? Answer: Damage to the frontal parts of the brain, which are largely involved in the control and planning of movement, may result in a passive apathy or in impulsiveness and distractibility. The location and extent of the damage will determine the ultimate effect on behavior. Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Topic: Diffuse versus Focal Damage Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 67. What is delirium? Answer: Delirium is a state of confusion that reflects some major change in how the brain is working. The elderly are at high risk for experiencing delirium. The most common cause of delirium is drug intoxication or withdrawal. Learning Objective: 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 68. How can a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease be definitively made? Answer: A diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease can only be confirmed at autopsy, with an examination of brain tissue. The presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain are the hallmarks of the disease. Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 23 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

69. What is vascular dementia? Answer: Vascular dementia (once known as multi-infarct dementia) results in symptoms that look a lot like Alzheimer’s disease. In vascular dementia, however, the problems observed are a consequence of a series of small strokes that kill more and more of the brain. Learning Objective: 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. Topic: Neurocognitive Disorder Resulting from Vascular Problems Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 70. What is anterograde amnesia? Answer: Anterograde amnesia is an inability to form new memories. It can occur after a traumatic event. Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 71. What does the case of Phineas Gage suggest about traumatic brain injury? Answer: Gage survived a blasting accident in which an iron bar went through his brain. He had a severe frontal lobe wound that altered his personality. Where once he was efficient and capable, afterward he became impulsive and profane. This illustrates a neuropsychological personality syndrome and is characteristic of frontal lobe damage. Further, Gage was no longer able to return to his former occupation, a common outcome of this kind of brain injury. Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Topic: Clinical Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 72. What factors impact the outcome for children with traumatic brain injury? Answer: The younger the child at the time of the TBI, the more adversely they will be affected. The severity of the damage and the degree to which the child’s environment is accommodating also have an impact. Most mild injuries have no lasting effect. Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Topic: Clinical Picture 24 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. ESSAY 73. Compare and contrast dementia and delirium. Answer: Delirium has a relatively rapid onset and is caused by a generalized disturbance in brain metabolism. Causal factors include head trauma, oxygen deprivation, drug withdrawal, and toxic and metabolic disturbances. Attention, perception, and memory are affected. Frequently, the person becomes agitated and has disturbed sleep. Delirium rarely lasts for more than one week. Dementia involves a progressive deterioration of brain function that begins with episodic, short-term memory loss and spreads to include impaired emotional control, motor control, learning, abstract thinking, and other functions. It typically affects older individuals and may be caused by strokes, infections, tumors, head injury, and degenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 4 for each description and 2 for the differences. Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. Topic: Major Neurocognitive Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 74. What evidence is there that genes are involved in Alzheimer’s disease? Answer: While the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease increases with age, there are those who develop it in their 40s or 50s. This form of the disease, early-onset Alzheimer’s disease, appears to have a genetic basis and is usually of rapid onset and course. While early-onset AD appears to run in families, numerous genes have been implicated. Mutations on many different chromosomes have been identified as playing a potential causal role. Genes that code for products that play a role in the development of plaques and tangles have been identified. While much has been discovered about this disease, there are many questions that remain unanswered. GRADING RUBRIC: 8 points total, 4 points each for discussing two different pieces of evidence. Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Causal Factors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

75. Alzheimer’s disease results in an increase in the number of families that must serve as caregivers. Explain the impact that Alzheimer’s disease has on caregivers and how they can be helped. Answer: Although the majority of Alzheimer’s patients are institutionalized toward the end of the disease, until that time, family are responsible for the caretaking. Caregivers are at high risk of social isolation and developing depression. Caregivers are also at risk of abusing medications, and are prone to stress, physical pain, and compromised health. Caregivers can be supported through counseling and supportive therapy. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 5 for impact, 5 for support. Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Topic: Supporting Caregivers Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module Quiz 14.1: Brain Impairment in Adults EOM Q14.1.1 Eric's uncle Max suffered a stroke and has lost much of his motility on the right side of his body. Max seems unaware that something is wrong and is unwilling to work on the activities suggested by his physical therapist. He tells his physical therapist that everything is fine and that he is simply resting his body. Max's inability to recognize his physical limitations is called __________. a) anosognosia b) apraxia Consider This: Persons with this impairment may lose the capacity for realistic self-appraisal. 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. c) aphasia Consider This: Persons with this impairment may lose the capacity for realistic self-appraisal. 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. d) allochiria Consider This: Persons with this impairment may lose the capacity for realistic self-appraisal. 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Module: Brain Impairment in Adults Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q14.1.2 Nail salon technicians are routinely exposed to a variety of organic solvents known to be damaging to the central nervous system. These workers have a greater frequency of cognitive issues with tasks requiring attention and information processing when compared to controls not exposed to the solvents. No other impairments are reported. This type of brain injury is known as __________. a) diffuse damage b) specific damage Consider This: Affected persons complain of memory problems with retrieval efforts; however, the ability to store new information remains intact. 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. c) mild neurotoxic damage 27 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Affected persons complain of memory problems with retrieval efforts; however, the ability to store new information remains intact. 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. d) moderate neurotoxic damage Consider This: Affected persons complain of memory problems with retrieval efforts; however, the ability to store new information remains intact. 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Module: Brain Impairment in Adults Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM 14.1.3 The __________ of the brain is, for most individuals, generally specialized for grasping overall meanings in novel situations; reasoning on a nonverbal, intuitive level; and appreciating spatial relations. a) right hemisphere b) left hemisphere Consider This: Each hemisphere contains four lobes with different aspects of thinking occurring in a given region. 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. c) right occipital lobe Consider This: Each hemisphere contains four lobes with different aspects of thinking occurring in a given region. 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. d) left occipital lobe Consider This: Each hemisphere contains four lobes with different aspects of thinking occurring in a given region. 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Module: Brain Impairment in Adults Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q14.1.4 After injury to the __________ region of the brain, a person could present as being either unmotivated, passive, and with limited ideas, or could present with impulsive and distractible behaviors. a) frontal b) parietal Consider This: Think of the region of the brain most involved in executive functions. 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed 28 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

cause of these disorders. c) temporal Consider This: Think of the region of the brain most involved in executive functions. 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. d) occipital Consider This: Think of the region of the brain most involved in executive functions. 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Module: Brain Impairment in Adults Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q14.1.5 Which of the following represents one reason that mild neurocognitive disorder is a controversial diagnosis? a) The term "mild" may trivialize the cognitive impairment experienced. b) It recognizes problems that do not reach the level of affecting everyday functioning. Consider This: Another critique, on the opposite end of the spectrum, is that it may be difficult to differentiate this diagnosis from normal aging. 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. c) It may increase the likelihood that someone develops major neurocognitive disorder through self-fulfilling prophecy. Consider This: Another critique, on the opposite end of the spectrum, is that it may be difficult to differentiate this diagnosis from normal aging. 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. d) It may lead to more severe cases of neurocognitive disorder being overlooked. Consider This: Another critique, on the opposite end of the spectrum, is that it may be difficult to differentiate this diagnosis from normal aging. 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Module: Brain Impairment in Adults Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult End of Module Quiz 14.2: Delirium EOM Q14.2.1 Dave notices that his mother suddenly becomes very confused. Her attention shifts from moment to moment, she cannot hold a conversation with him, and twice throughout the day she 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

introduces herself to him. When his mother was in another room, he heard her talking and only later realized no one else was home and her cellphone was not with her. Dave's mother is likely experiencing an episode of __________. a) delirium b) mild cognitive impairment Consider This: This diagnosis is best understood by a condition involving reduced awareness. 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. c) major cognitive impairment Consider This: This diagnosis is best understood by a condition involving reduced awareness. 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. d) dementia Consider This: This diagnosis is best understood by a condition involving reduced awareness. 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. Module: Delirium Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q14.2.2 A reliable and easy screening test for delirium involves __________. a) having the patient recite the months of the year backwards b) requiring the patient to complete a paper-and-pencil set of mathematics problems using the four basic operations Consider This: Which task would best assess memory and attention as well as disorganized thinking? 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. c) asking the patient to name major cities and towns in his or her home state Consider This: Which task would best assess memory and attention as well as disorganized thinking? 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. d) showing the patient pictures of common objects and having the patient name them Consider This: Which task would best assess memory and attention as well as disorganized thinking? 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. Module: Delirium Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q14.2.3 What percentage of elderly patients die within 6 months of their experience of delirium? a) 25 percent b) 27 percent Consider This: Delirium is a bad prognostic sign as individuals with delirium experience more health problems, longer hospital stays, and reduced cognitive function. 14.2 Summarize the key 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. c) 30 percent Consider This: Delirium is a bad prognostic sign as individuals with delirium experience more health problems, longer hospital stays, and reduced cognitive function. 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. d) 32 percent Consider This: Delirium is a bad prognostic sign as individuals with delirium experience more health problems, longer hospital stays, and reduced cognitive function. 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. Module: Delirium Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q14.2.4 __________ are medications used to treat most deliriums. For deliriums caused by alcohol or drugs, __________ are the drugs of choice. a) Neuroleptics; benzodiazepines b) Anticonvulsants; neuroleptics Consider This: Which type of medication has been known to affect the production and action of a particular neurotransmitter in drug withdrawal? 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. c) MAOIs; SSRIs Consider This: Which type of medication has been known to affect the production and action of a particular neurotransmitter in drug withdrawal? 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. d) Benzodiazepines; anticonvulsants Consider This: Which type of medication has been known to affect the production and action of a particular neurotransmitter in drug withdrawal? 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. Module: Delirium Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 14.3: Major Neurocognitive Disorder EOM Q14.3.1 Crucial to the diagnosis of major neurocognitive disorder is that the person has __________. a) exhibited decline from a previously attained level of functioning b) a co-existing psychiatric condition such as a mood disorder or schizophrenia 31 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: The hallmark of this disorder is a marked deficit in cognitive abilities. 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. c) not acquired the disorder via a prion degenerative process Consider This: The hallmark of this disorder is a marked deficit in cognitive abilities. 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. d) not sustained a head injury resulting in concussion Consider This: The hallmark of this disorder is a marked deficit in cognitive abilities. 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. Module: Major Neurocognitive Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q14.3.2 __________ is the second most common neurocognitive disease. a) Parkinson's b) Alzheimer's Consider This: The disease is characterized by a pronounced resting tremor. 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. c) Huntington's Consider This: The disease is characterized by a pronounced resting tremor. 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. d) Pick's Consider This: The disease is characterized by a pronounced resting tremor. 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. Module: Major Neurocognitive Disorder Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q14.3.3 What causes Huntington's disease? a) a single dominant gene on chromosome 4 b) a single recessive gene on chromosome 4 Consider This: Anyone who has a parent with Huntington's disease has a 50 percent chance of inheriting the disease. 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. c) exposure to environmental neurotoxins Consider This: Anyone who has a parent with Huntington's disease has a 50 percent chance of inheriting the disease. 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. d) an iron deficiency during childhood 32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Anyone who has a parent with Huntington's disease has a 50 percent chance of inheriting the disease. 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. Module: Major Neurocognitive Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 14.4: Alzheimer’s Disease EOM Q14.4.1 The first regions of the brain to be damaged by Alzheimer's disease are the __________ which contain the __________, which is heavily involved in memory. a) temporal lobes; hippocampus b) occipital lobes; hippocampus Consider This: Loss of tissue in this brain region may also explain why delusions are found in some patients. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. c) frontal lobes; hypothalamus Consider This: Loss of tissue in this brain region may also explain why delusions are found in some patients. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. d) hypothalamus; parietal lobes Consider This: Loss of tissue in this brain region may also explain why delusions are found in some patients. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Module: Alzheimer’s Disease Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q14.4.2 The APOE (apolipoprotein) gene on chromosome 19 has been identified as a risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Among the forms of this gene, the __________ allele appears to enhance the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease, while the __________ allele offers protection against the development of the disease. a) APOE-E4; APOE-E2 b) APOE-E2; APOE-E4 Consider This: Of the allele forms found, a third is a neutral form that is found in about 70 percent of the population. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c) APOE-E3; APOE-E2 Consider This: Of the allele forms found, a third is a neutral form that is found in about 70 percent of the population. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. d) APOE-E4; APOE-E3 Consider This: Of the allele forms found, a third is a neutral form that is found in about 70 percent of the population. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Module: Alzheimer’s Disease Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q14.4.3 For persons with Alzheimer's disease, death usually comes as a result of __________. a) pneumonia, respiratory, or cardiac problems b) amyloid plaque build-up in the brainstem Consider This: During the last months of life, the Alzheimer's patient is usually bedridden with lowered resistance to disease. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. c) loss of myelin sheath in neurons in the brain Consider This: During the last months of life, the Alzheimer's patient is usually bedridden with lowered resistance to disease. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. d) high levels of toxic tau protein Consider This: During the last months of life, the Alzheimer's patient is usually bedridden with lowered resistance to disease. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Module: Alzheimer’s Disease Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q14.4.4 Drugs such as galantamine (Razadyne), rivastigmine (Exelon) and donepezil (Aricept) work in the treatment of Alzheimer's by __________, which in turn __________ in the brain. a) inhibiting the production of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase; improves the availability of acetylcholine b) inhibiting the excitatory amino-acid transporters (EAATs); allows glial cells to maintain a proper supply of glutamate Consider This: Medications hope to improve functioning by enhancing the availability of specific neurotransmitters involved in memory in the brain. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for 34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. c) encouraging the inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase; stimulates dopamine biosynthesis Consider This: Medications hope to improve functioning by enhancing the availability of specific neurotransmitters involved in memory in the brain. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. d) encouraging the production of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH); increases the availability of serotonin Consider This: Medications hope to improve functioning by enhancing the availability of specific neurotransmitters involved in memory in the brain. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Module: Alzheimer’s Disease Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q14.4.5 In a recent study, people aged 55 to 80 years who had no dementia were assigned to either a walking program or a stretching and toning program. At the study's conclusion, individuals in the walking program showed __________, while those in the stretching and toning group showed __________. a) an increase in the volume of the hippocampus; normative age-related shrinkage of the hippocampus b) no change in the volume of the prefrontal cortex; normal age-related loss of volume in the prefrontal cortex Consider This: Aerobic exercise appears to improve cognitive functioning. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. c) an increase in volume in the temporal region of the cortex; no change in the volume of the temporal region of the cortex Consider This: Aerobic exercise appears to improve cognitive functioning. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. d) no change in the volume of the hypothalamus; normative aging-related shrinkage of the hypothalamus Consider This: Aerobic exercise appears to improve cognitive functioning. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Module: Alzheimer’s Disease 35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 14.5: Neurocognitive Disorder Resulting From Vascular Problems EOM Q14.5.1 Vascular cognitive impairment is less common than Alzheimer's disease and accounted for __________ of dementia cases in a community sample of persons aged 65 years or older. a) 10 percent Consider This: Patients with vascular cognitive impairment have a much shorter course of illness because they are vulnerable to sudden death from stroke or cardiovascular disease. 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. b) 15 percent Consider This: Patients with vascular cognitive impairment have a much shorter course of illness because they are vulnerable to sudden death from stroke or cardiovascular disease. 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. c) 19 percent d) 21 percent Consider This: Patients with vascular cognitive impairment have a much shorter course of illness because they are vulnerable to sudden death from stroke or cardiovascular disease. 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. Module: Neurocognitive Disorder Resulting From Vascular Problems Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q14.5.2 Although often confused with Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia has a very different etiology. In particular, __________. a) small strokes cumulatively destroy neurons across brain regions leading to brain atrophy and behavioral impairments b) it is caused by a single dominant gene on chromosome 4 Consider This: Prevalence of vascular dementia is lower than that of Alzheimer's disease because these patients are more vulnerable to sudden death from stroke or cardiovascular disease. 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. c) there is a loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra Consider This: Prevalence of vascular dementia is lower than that of Alzheimer's disease because these patients are more vulnerable to sudden death from stroke or cardiovascular disease. 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. d) brain damage causes this form of dementia Consider This: Prevalence of vascular dementia is lower than that of Alzheimer's disease because these patients are more vulnerable to sudden death from stroke or cardiovascular disease. 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. Answer: a 36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. Module: Neurocognitive Disorder Resulting From Vascular Problems Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q14.5.3 Compared to Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia is __________. a) more easily treated b) more difficult to tread Consider This: Although vascular dementia is frequently confused with Alzheimer's disease, it has a different etiology and course of treatment. 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. c) very difficult for caregivers Consider This: Although vascular dementia is frequently confused with Alzheimer's disease, it has a different etiology and course of treatment. 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. d) more common in women than men Consider This: Although vascular dementia is frequently confused with Alzheimer's disease, it has a different etiology and course of treatment. 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. Module: Neurocognitive Disorder Resulting From Vascular Problems Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 14.6: Neurocognitive Disorder Characterized by Profound Memory Impairment EOM Q14.6.1 Jack, age 40, is a heavy drinker who recently underwent treatment for alcoholism. Since returning home, Jack has trouble remembering what his wife or other family members are talking about. Jack cannot recall the current day, month, or year. His memory for past events and routine self-care tasks is intact. What DSM-5 diagnosis best fits Jack's history and symptoms? a) Korsakoff's syndrome b) Balint's syndrome Consider This: The disorder is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1. 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. c) retrograde memory disorder Consider This: The disorder is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1. 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. d) Turner syndrome Consider This: The disorder is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1. 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. Answer: a 37 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. Module: Neurocognitive Disorder Characterized by Profound Memory Impairment Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q14.6.2 Which type of memory is often preserved in patients with amnesia? a) procedural b) episodic Consider This: An example of this type of memory includes being able to tie one's shoes or ride a bike. 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. c) semantic Consider This: An example of this type of memory includes being able to tie one's shoes or ride a bike. 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. d) explicit Consider This: An example of this type of memory includes being able to tie one's shoes or ride a bike. 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. Module: Neurocognitive Disorder Characterized by Profound Memory Impairment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q14.6.3 Individuals with amnestic disorders often attempt to compensate for their inability to recall events that have just happened by making up events to cover the gaps in their memory. This behavior is called __________. a) confabulation b) derailing Consider This: Short-term memory deficits are a hallmark of persons who engage in this behavior. 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. c) fabrication Consider This: Short-term memory deficits are a hallmark of persons who engage in this behavior. 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. d) dissociation Consider This: Short-term memory deficits are a hallmark of persons who engage in this behavior. 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. Module: Neurocognitive Disorder Characterized by Profound Memory Impairment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 14.7: Disorders Involving Head Injury

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q14.7.1 Statistically, which of the following individuals would be most likely to sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI)? a) Philip, a male, age 17 b) Madison, a female, age 25 Consider This: The most common causes of TBI are falls, followed by motor vehicle accidents. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. c) Dante, a male, age 40 Consider This: The most common causes of TBI are falls, followed by motor vehicle accidents. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. d) Christie, a female, age 55 Consider This: The most common causes of TBI are falls, followed by motor vehicle accidents. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Module: Disorders Involving Head Injury Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q14.7.2 In a study of boxers, those who possessed __________ exhibited more chronic neurological deficits. a) the APOE-E4 allele b) the APOE-E2 allele Consider This: This particular risk factor has also been noted in Alzheimer's research. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. c) insufficient glutamate receptor sites on neuron dendrites Consider This: This particular risk factor has also been noted in Alzheimer's research. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. d) Lewy-body precursors Consider This: This particular risk factor has also been noted in Alzheimer's research. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Module: Disorders Involving Head Injury Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q14.7.3 Around __________ of Iraq war veterans have sustained traumatic brain injury as a result of __________ a) 15 percent; explosive blasts b) 15 percent; penetrating head injuries Consider This: This kind of injury seems to damage the brain in ways not typically seen in civilians who have sustained a traumatic brain injury. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. c) 18 percent; exposure to chemicals Consider This: This kind of injury seems to damage the brain in ways not typically seen in civilians who have sustained a traumatic brain injury. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. d) 18 percent; vehicular accidents Consider This: This kind of injury seems to damage the brain in ways not typically seen in civilians who have sustained a traumatic brain injury. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Module: Disorders Involving Head Injury Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q14.7.4 Roughly two deaths per year from __________ come as the result of __________ roller coaster rides. a) brain hemorrhage; high G-forces generated by b) brain stem injury; the rapid acceleration of Consider This: These deaths have prompted some calls for greater oversight of the industry. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. c) frontal lobe trauma; head trauma from striking restraint bars on Consider This: These deaths have prompted some calls for greater oversight of the industry. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. d) brain hemorrhage; falls sustained while dismounting Consider This: These deaths have prompted some calls for greater oversight of the industry. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Module: Disorders Involving Head Injury 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Chapter Quiz: Neurocognitive Disorders EOC Q14.1 Hannah suffered a brain injury, which left her remote memory relatively intact. However, she is unable to process new information that can be stored for later retrieval. Hannah's impairment is called __________. a) extensive bilateral temporal damage b) damage to the right parietal lobe Consider This: This lobe is involved in processing language, and, also, the early stages of memory. 14.1 Describe the impairments that are associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. c) moderate occipital lobe damage Consider This: This lobe is involved in processing language, and, also, the early stages of memory. 14.1 Describe the impairments that are associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. d) frontal lobe damage Consider This: This lobe is involved in processing language, and, also, the early stages of memory. 14.1 Describe the impairments that are associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments that are associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Module: Neurocognitive Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q14.2 What percentage of persons who have suffered brain injury as the result of an accident or fall are likely to attempt suicide? a) 10 percent Consider This: Depression following brain injury could be the result of the patient's awareness of lessened competence and the loss of previous skills. 14.1 Describe the impairments that are associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. b) 18 percent c) 22 percent Consider This: Depression following brain injury could be the result of the patient's awareness of lessened competence and the loss of previous skills. 14.1 Describe the impairments that are associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. d) 25 percent Consider This: Depression following brain injury could be the result of the patient's awareness of lessened competence and the loss of previous skills. 14.1 Describe the impairments that are associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. 41 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments that are associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Module: Neurocognitive Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q14.3 Robert was involved in a motorcycle accident and suffered brain damage. He now has trouble with tasks that rely on visual-motor coordination. Given these symptoms, what region of Robert's brain is likely damaged? a) right parietal lobe b) left temporal lobe Consider This: Damage to the other side of this region may impair certain aspects of language function. 14.1 Describe the impairments that with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. c) right frontal lobe Consider This: Damage to the other side of this region may impair certain aspects of language function. 14.1 Describe the impairments that with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. d) left occipital lobe Consider This: Damage to the other side of this region may impair certain aspects of language function. 14.1 Describe the impairments that with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the impairments that are associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders. Module: Neurocognitive Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q14.4 Elderly persons are most at risk for developing delirium because __________. a) brain changes associated with normal aging can lead to lower amounts of "brain reserve" b) the likelihood of having suffered some type of head injury by this age is high Consider This: Young children are also vulnerable to delirium because their brains are not fully developed. 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. c) many elderly are not properly nourished; nutrient deficiency can contribute to delirium Consider This: Young children are also vulnerable to delirium because their brains are not fully developed. 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. d) many elderly are not properly nourished; nutrient deficiency can contribute to delirium Consider This: Young children are also vulnerable to delirium because their brains are not fully developed. 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. 42 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Module: Neurocognitive Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q14.5 The most common cause of delirium is __________. a) drug intoxication or withdrawal b) diabetes Consider This: Patients who have had cardiac surgery seem to be at especially high risk. What might be associated with this type of surgery? 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. c) post-surgery bacterial infections Consider This: Patients who have had cardiac surgery seem to be at especially high risk. What might be associated with this type of surgery? 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. d) head injury Consider This: Patients who have had cardiac surgery seem to be at especially high risk. What might be associated with this type of surgery? 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated. Module: Neurocognitive Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q14.6 The underlying cause related to the development of Parkinson's Disease is __________. a) loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain b) neurofibrillary plaques and tangles forming on neurons in the brain Consider This: What neurotransmitter is involved with control of movement? 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. c) a serotonin deficiency in the brain Consider This: What neurotransmitter is involved with control of movement? 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. d) deficits with ligand-gated ion channels in neurons the brain Consider This: What neurotransmitter is involved with control of movement? 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders. Module: Neurocognitive Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q14.7 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

True confirmation of the presence of Alzheimer's disease in a person can only be made after __________. a) an autopsy after death b) a concise fMRI evaluation Consider This: This must be performed to see the brain abnormalities that are such distinctive signs of this disease. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. c) genetic testing Consider This: This must be performed to see the brain abnormalities that are such distinctive signs of this disease. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. d) a clinical interview and neuropsychological testing Consider This: This must be performed to see the brain abnormalities that are such distinctive signs of this disease. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Module: Neurocognitive Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q14.8 Which of the following best describes the effects of using antipsychotics to help treat Alzheimer's disease? a) Antipsychotics may increase risk of death and there is no evidence that they improve day-today functioning and cognition. b) Antipsychotics reduce symptoms of depression in people with Alzheimer's disease. Consider This: Although people with Alzheimer's disease experience delusions, antipsychotics may be less effective than you would expect. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. c) Antipsychotics reduce psychotic symptoms, risk of death, and there is evidence that they improve day-to-day functioning and cognition. Consider This: Although people with Alzheimer's disease experience delusions, antipsychotics may be less effective than you would expect. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. d) Antipsychotics do not appear to impact symptoms related to Alzheimer's disease. Consider This: Although people with Alzheimer's disease experience delusions, antipsychotics may be less effective than you would expect. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Module: Neurocognitive Disorders Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult 44 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q14.9 The newest drug used to treat Alzheimer's disease is memantine (trade name Namenda). The drug works by __________. a) regulating the activity of the neurotransmitter glutamate b) preventing reuptake of serotonin at the synapses of nerve cells Consider This: The drug does appear to provide some small cognitive benefits to patients. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. c) inhibiting the production of acetylcholinesterase Consider This: The drug does appear to provide some small cognitive benefits to patients. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. d) reversing the process of slow axonal transport Consider This: The drug does appear to provide some small cognitive benefits to patients. 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease. Module: Neurocognitive Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q14.10 It has been suggested that individuals with vascular dementia are more likely to be diagnosed with mood disorders than those with Alzheimer's disease because __________. a) subcortical areas of the brain are more affected b) patients have more access to organized thought and are more aware of their deficits Consider This: These patients have a much shorter course of illness because they are vulnerable to sudden death from stroke or cardiovascular disease. 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. c) the shift from fairly normal cognitive functioning to neurocognitive disease occurs at an earlier age and increases rapidly Consider This: These patients have a much shorter course of illness because they are vulnerable to sudden death from stroke or cardiovascular disease. 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. d) the temporal region of the brain is more affected Consider This: These patients have a much shorter course of illness because they are vulnerable to sudden death from stroke or cardiovascular disease. 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems. Module: Neurocognitive Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate 45 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q14.11 Compared to patients with other forms of neurocognitive disorders, the overall cognitive functioning in an amnestic disorder patient is __________. a) quite good b) much poorer Consider This: Amnestic patients can often perform complex tasks if clear cues are provided for each stage. 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. c) about the same Consider This: Amnestic patients can often perform complex tasks if clear cues are provided for each stage. 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. d) marked by extreme strengths and deficits in various cognitive domains Consider This: Amnestic patients can often perform complex tasks if clear cues are provided for each stage. 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. Module: Neurocognitive Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q14.12 __________ is/are often preserved in patients with amnestic disorder. a) Procedural memory b) Childhood memories Consider This: This helps people with amnestic disorders learn skills to re-enter the workforce. 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. c) Recent memories of specific experiences Consider This: This helps people with amnestic disorders learn skills to re-enter the workforce. 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. d) Memories of family and loved ones Consider This: This helps people with amnestic disorders learn skills to re-enter the workforce. 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused. Module: Neurocognitive Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q14.13 Ted was involved in a motorcycle accident. He lost consciousness at the time of injury and was hospitalized. Ted cannot remember how the accident happened or what he was doing just before the accident occurred. Ted has no problems remembering events that have happened after the accident. The type of memory loss Ted is experiencing is called __________. a) retrograde amnesia b) anterograde amnesia Consider This: The trauma interferes with the brain's capacity to consolidate into long-term 46 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

storage the events that were still being processed at the time of the trauma. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. c) transient global amnesia Consider This: The trauma interferes with the brain's capacity to consolidate into long-term storage the events that were still being processed at the time of the trauma. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. d) lacunar amnesia Consider This: The trauma interferes with the brain's capacity to consolidate into long-term storage the events that were still being processed at the time of the trauma. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Module: Neurocognitive Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q14.14 It is recommended that boys aged __________ not play tackle football because __________. a) 8 to 10; children of this age are not ready cognitively to recognize concussion symptoms when they occur during play Consider This: Boys who play certain sports are at high risk of experiencing concussions and brain injuries. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. b) 10 to 12; this age is a period of critical brain development c) 12 to 14; growth plates in the bones are vulnerable to fracture Consider This: Boys who play certain sports are at high risk of experiencing concussions and brain injuries. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. d) 14 to 16; puberty hormones trigger neuronal pruning in the brain Consider This: Boys who play certain sports are at high risk of experiencing concussions and brain injuries. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Module: Neurocognitive Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q14.15 Increased risk of CTE, a progressive form of brain damage involving neurodegeneration, is linked to __________. 47 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a) playing football at any level b) playing football at the college level and above Consider This: Repeated "subconcussive" hits to the head may actually be doing the most damage. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. c) playing football at the semi-professional and professional level Consider This: Repeated "subconcussive" hits to the head may actually be doing the most damage. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. d) playing football at the semi-professional and professional level Consider This: Repeated "subconcussive" hits to the head may actually be doing the most damage. 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results. Module: Neurocognitive Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 15: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Learning Objective

Question Type

Remember the Facts

Introduction

Multiple Choice

Understand the Concepts

Apply What You Know

Analyze It

Short Answer Essay 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults.

Multiple Choice

15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents.

Multiple Choice

Short Answer

3, 5

Essay

77 6, 8, 9, 12

Short Answer

11, 13

7, 10

Essay 15.3 Describe the presentation Multiple Choice and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder Short Answer and conduct disorder.

78 14, 15

16, 22, 23, 24

68, 69

Essay 15.4 List and define elimination disorders.

Multiple Choice Short Answer

18, 19, 20, 21

25, 26, 27, 28, 29 70

Essay

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

15.5 Summarize what is Multiple Choice known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder Short Answer and autism spectrum disorder.

30, 33, 34, 44, 31, 35, 36, 37, 49, 50, 51, 53 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 48

32, 43, 52

71, 72

Essay 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders.

Multiple Choice

54, 56, 57

Short Answer Essay

15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development.

Multiple Choice

58, 59, 61

Short Answer

74, 75

63, 65

Essay 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults.

Multiple Choice Short Answer Essay

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 15: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What percentage of children and adolescents meet the criteria for at least one mental disorder by the time they reach 18 years of age? a. 12.5 percent b. 21.5 percent c. 36.5 percent d. 49.5 percent Answer: d Learning Objective: None Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. What complicates the diagnosis of maladaptive behavior in childhood? a. Behavior that is problematic for a child of one age is normal for a child of a different age. b. The dividing line between childhood and adolescence has been arbitrarily drawn. c. Most psychological disorders in the young have an identifiable environmental cause. d. Drugs are not effective in treating the disorders most commonly seen in children. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. Topic: Special Considerations in Understanding Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 3. A crucial aspect for those in the field of developmental psychopathology is understanding individual maladaptation __________. a. as a phenomenon that is no different in children than in adults b. as a disease process c. in the context of normal developmental changes d. in a cultural context that determines what is acceptable behavior Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. Topic: Special Considerations in Understanding Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 3 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 4. Of the several psychological vulnerabilities listed in the textbook, which one can also serve to buffer children from other dangers? a. A lack of self-understanding b. Dependence on adults c. Unrealistic expectations d. A limited understanding of death Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. Topic: Psychological Vulnerabilities of Young Children Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 5. What was the greatest problem that emerged when a classification system for childhood disorders was being developed? a. The same classification system that had been developed for adults was used for children. b. Few childhood disorders had been identified. c. The role of parents in the development of disordered behavior was overemphasized. d. There was a hesitancy to identify childhood disorders because parents were likely to be blamed for any diagnosis given. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. Topic: The Classification of Childhood and Adolescent Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 6. Among children, the most commonly diagnosed disorders are __________. a. anxiety disorders b. psychotic conditions such as schizophrenia c. depression and phobic conditions d. obsessive-compulsive disorder and conduct disorder Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Topic: Anxiety Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

7. Separation anxiety disorder is best illustrated by which of the following individuals? a. Terrell, who is fiercely independent of other children and his parents b. Rylie, who refuses to talk to her teachers and adults other than her parents c. Ida, who worries that her kitten will die if she is not near her d. Jerome, who is afraid that he will be beaten by bullies at school Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Topic: Anxiety Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 8. The most common childhood anxiety disorder is __________. a. selective mutism b. depression c. generalized anxiety disorder d. specific phobias Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Topic: Anxiety Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 9. What genetic factor has been cited as a cause of anxiety disorders in children? a. Early illness or accident b. Overanxious, overprotective parents c. Obsessive-compulsive disorder d. Indifferent or detached parents Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Topic: Anxiety Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 10. Garrett’s mother rarely lets him out of her sight. She does not allow him to spend the night at friends’ houses, forbids him from watching television, and teaches him that most strangers are dangerous. How might Garrett’s mother and her display of overprotectiveness impact Garrett? a. Garrett will be healthy, happy, and confident knowing that he has a strong relationship with his mother. b. The overprotective nature of Garrett’s mother communicates a lack of confidence in Garrett’s ability, causing him to feel inadequate and anxious. 5 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. Garrett will develop antisocial personality disorder. d. Garrett will resent his mother’s overprotectiveness, resulting in an insecure attachment. Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Topic: Anxiety Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 11. Studies looking at whether depressed parents negatively affect their infants have shown that __________. a. depressed mothers are overly responsive to their infants’ facial expressions b. depression in either the mother or the father can be transmitted to the next generation c. fathers tend to blame themselves when children are depressed, but mothers blame the children d. both mothers and fathers engage in impulsive, antisocial behaviors that children mimic Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Topic: Anxiety Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 12. Prenatal exposure to __________ is related to depression in children. a. marijuana b. protein c. alcohol d. allergens Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Topic: Childhood Depression and Bipolar Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 13. Some studies of the effectiveness of antidepressant medication in children have __________. a. shown that Prozac is extremely effective in producing long-term symptom relief b. shown that these drugs are associated with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors c. indicated that while these drugs have few side effects, neither do they have any benefits 6 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. a major drawback: children develop a tolerance to the drugs and become psychologically dependent on them Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Topic: Childhood Depression and Bipolar Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 14. What two childhood disorders are characterized by aggressive or antisocial behavior? a. Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder b. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder c. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and childhood depression d. Conduct disorder and childhood depression Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Topic: Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 15. The term “juvenile delinquent” is __________. a. used when a diagnosis of early-onset antisocial personality disorder has been made b. defined by the legal system c. inconsistent with the diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder d. rarely used in modern times Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Topic: Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 16. Bryson has been diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). The disorder began around age twelve and is characterized by disobedient and hostile behavior toward authority figures. What aspect of this case is unusual? a. It is unusual for children with ODD to be boys. b. It is unusual for the onset of ODD to occur at age twelve. c. It is unusual for children with ODD to be hostile toward authority figures. d. Nothing about this case is unusual. Answer: b 7 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Topic: Oppositional Defiant Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 17. Girls with conduct disorder __________. a. seek security from a father figure b. are at risk for teen pregnancy c. usually have a comorbid diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or a mood disorder d. do not show the same social deficits seen in boys Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Topic: Conduct Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 18. What is the self-perpetuating cycle in conduct disorder? a. A genetic predisposition leads to a low IQ and difficult temperament, which leads to poor parenting and an insecure attachment, which leads to conduct disorder. b. A genetic predisposition leads to a difficult temperament, which leads to behavior problems, which lead to parental overindulgence and lack of discipline, which leads to conduct disorder. c. A genetic predisposition leads to an easy temperament, but because of abusive parents, this leads to depression, which in turn leads to conduct disorder. d. A genetic predisposition leads to an easy temperament, which leads to parental neglect, which leads to anxiety, which leads to conduct disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Topic: Conduct Disorder Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 19. In order of diagnosis, __________ occurs before antisocial personality disorder just as __________ occurs before conduct disorder. a. oppositional defiant disorder; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder b. conduct disorder; oppositional defiant disorder c. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; oppositional defiant disorder d. conduct disorder; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 8 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Topic: Causal Factors in ODD and CD Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 20. Which of the following is a risk factor for oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder? a. Inconsistent parental discipline b. Vaccines c. Middle socioeconomic status d. Childhood obesity Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Topic: Causal Factors in ODD and CD Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 21. The development of conduct disorder in adolescence __________. a. predicts the development of other psychopathology in adulthood b. rarely occurs c. commonly occurs in teens who suffer from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder d. is not associated with lasting behavioral problems as much as early-onset conduct disorder is Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Topic: Causal Factors in ODD and CD Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 22. Deaira developed conduct disorder early. Malik developed conduct disorder late. This suggests that __________. a. Deaira will have a higher level of intelligence b. Deaira will have a higher likelihood of adult antisocial personality disorder c. Malik will have a higher likelihood of social dysfunctions d. Malik will show more severe neuropsychological deficits and attentional problems Answer: b

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Topic: Causal Factors in ODD and CD Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 23. Low socioeconomic status and living in a poor neighborhood are __________ variables that increase the probability of a child developing conduct disorder. a. genetic b. sociocultural c. familial d. chemical Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Topic: Causal Factors in ODD and CD Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 24. A treatment strategy for children with conduct disorder, the cohesive family model __________. a. focuses on how the child’s behavior elicits negative responses from other family members b. proposes that dysfunctional interactions have served to maintain the child’s problematic behavior c. teaches the child basic moral lessons d. combines punitive and therapeutic interventions Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Topic: Treatments and Outcomes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 25. Throughout his young life, Quinn, age seven, has rarely woken up in the morning to a dry bed. Quinn would be diagnosed as having __________. a. primary functional encopresis b. secondary functional encopresis c. primary functional enuresis d. secondary functional enuresis 10 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. Topic: Enuresis Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 26. Drugs used to treat enuresis, such as imipramine, are thought to __________, although the mechanism is unclear. a. alleviate the anxiety that leads to poor bladder control b. increase water retention c. inhibit reflexive bladder emptying d. decrease the deepest stage of sleep Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. Topic: Enuresis Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 27. What has been found to be the most effective approach to the treatment of enuresis? a. Behavioral conditioning alone b. Behavioral conditioning combined with desmopressin c. Intranasal desmopressin (DDAVP) alone d. Imipramine combined with an antianxiety medication such as Xanax Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. Topic: Enuresis Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 28. As a camp counselor, you are surprised to hear that one of your young campers takes a hormone replacement drug intranasally to treat a psychological disorder. The disorder is most likely __________. a. enuresis b. autism c. somnambulism d. encopresis Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. Topic: Enuresis Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 11 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

29. Which of the following individuals best illustrates the typical child with functional encopresis? a. Laci, a 12-year-old girl who soils herself at school b. Paco, a 14-year-old boy who suffers from chronic diarrhea c. Martin, a 7-year-old boy who soils himself when under stress d. Constance, a 10-year-old girl who also has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. Topic: Encopresis Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 30. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern of difficulties that include __________. a. negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures b. the violation of rules and a disregard for the rights of others c. excessive anxiety about separation from major attachment figures d. sustained attention and/or impulsiveness and excessive or exaggerated motor activity. Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 31. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is __________. a. commonly diagnosed after age 15 b. more frequently diagnosed in children and adolescents than other disorders are c. seen equally in boys and girls d. thought to occur in about 15 percent of school-aged children Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 32. Tucker is in second grade and is having trouble. He is frequently out of his seat, looking at the work of other students and annoying them by making comments. He interrupts the teacher, blurts out answers before she finishes the question, and usually needs directions repeated 12 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

multiple times. At home, his mother says he is always “on the go.” The most likely diagnosis for Tucker is __________. a. conduct disorder b. oppositional defiant disorder c. separation anxiety disorder d. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 33. Most cases of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults are characterized by __________ rather than __________. a. inattention; hyperactivity b. hyperactivity; inattention c. anxiety; hyperactivity d. anxiety; inattention Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 34. Currently, the cause of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is believed to be __________. a. a combination of family pathology and poor peer modeling b. excessive sugar in the diet c. an allergic reaction to certain foods and food additives d. both genetic and social-environmental factors Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 35. One effect of Ritalin as a treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is that it __________. a. quiets the voices 13 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. increases alertness c. interferes with glutamate activity d. increases aggressiveness Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 36. The evidence suggests that medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder __________. a. work well over the short term, but the long-term effects are not well-known b. work well over both the short and long term c. really don’t work at all; what is seen is due to the placebo effect d. only work for children who have had the diagnosis for at least two years Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 37. Which attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication includes sides effects of decreased appetite, nausea, and fatigue? a. Ritalin b. Pemoline c. Strattera d. Adderall Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 38. __________ is a neurodevelopmental disorder that involves a wide range of problematic behaviors, including deficits in language and perceptual and motor development; defective reality testing; and impairments in social communication. a. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder b. Autism spectrum disorder c. Oppositional defiant disorder d. Social anxiety disorder 14 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 39. The hallmark symptom of autism is __________. a. lack of language b. lack of interest in other people c. intellectual disability d. strange behaviors Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 40. Some of the same genes that have been linked with an increased risk of __________ also increase the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. a. separation anxiety b. autism c. enuresis d. conduct disorder Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 41. We are likely to find that many of the children with autistic disorder __________. a. are girls b. also suffer from depression, tic disorders, and other forms of psychopathology c. come from poverty-stricken environments d. were identified as having the disorder before they were three years old Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate 15 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 42. Which of the following is a possible explanation for the seeming lack of emotion in autistic children? a. They have no emotions. b. They lack the ability to pick up on social cues. c. They have a neurological impairment—they can feel but not show emotions. d. It is due to immaturity–they will show more emotion as they get older. Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 43. Lucy tells her autistic son Jack, “Please put your blocks away.” Jack responds by saying, “Blocks away.” This type of parroting exchange is referred to as __________. a. echolalia b. audio mirroring c. parent management therapy d. reciprocal speech Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 44. In autistic children, head banging, spinning in circles, and rocking are behaviors that are __________. a. exceedingly rare b. common forms of self-stimulation c. believed to be ways of communicating without language d. used because these children find repetitive routines very aversive Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

45. Despite what is shown in movies like Rain Man, most autistic children would not cope well with being brought to a Las Vegas casino for the first time, because __________. a. they are afraid of large groups of people b. they would want to touch things they weren’t allowed to touch c. they would be so excited by all the sights and sounds that they would become overagitated d. they often show aversion to auditory stimulation and prefer a limited and solitary routine Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 46. Which of the following would be most distressing to a child with autism? a. Soft, monotonous sounds b. An everyday routine that stays the same c. Altering a familiar environment d. Not having a normal sleep pattern Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 47. The intensive experimental behavior program designed by Ivar Lovaas for children with autism __________. a. has not proven successful b. has shown promise, but not as much as medications c. helped almost half of the children in the treatment program achieve normal intellectual functioning d. helped most of the parents of autistic children learn to cope better with their children Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 48. Children with autism spectrum disorder who participated in the Early Start Denver Model intervention showed an average improvement in IQ score of __________ points. 17 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. 6 b. 17 c. 28 d. 50 Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 49. Tics are __________ that may go unnoticed by the person doing them. a. persistent, intermittent muscle twitches or spasms b. involuntary shoutings of curse words c. intrusive thoughts d. rude or aggressive hand gestures Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 50. Coprolalia __________. a. is a vocal tic involving the yelling of obscenities b. frequently accompanies encopresis c. is a common side effect of medications used in the treatment of childhood depression d. is a rare pervasive developmental disorder Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 51. Which of the following is a symptom of Tourette’s syndrome? a. Coprolalia b. Enuresis c. Encopresis d. Pica Answer: a 18 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 52. Oscar is thirteen and frequently twists his head uncontrollably, and yelps or grunts. If he has not done this for several hours, he has a sensation that can only be relieved by engaging in these movements and sounds. Oscar has had this problem since he was nine. The most likely diagnosis is __________. a. obsessive-compulsive disorder b. tic disorder c. autism spectrum disorder d. Tourette’s syndrome Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Tic Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 53. The most effective medical treatment for Tourette’s syndrome is __________. a. biofeedback training b. central nervous system stimulants such as Ritalin c. neuroleptics such as haloperidol d. the hormone replacement drug DDVAP Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Tic Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 54. __________ are delays in cognitive development in the areas of language, speech, mathematical, or motor skills that are not necessarily due to any demonstrable physical or neurological defect. a. Neurodevelopmental disorders b. Symptom disorders c. Conduct disorders d. Learning disabilities Answer: d

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. Topic: Specific Learning Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 55. Helen has an IQ in the average range. However, at school she is doing very poorly. She has consistently scored at two or more grade levels below the grade she is actually in. From this, a diagnostician would hypothesize that Helen most likely __________. a. has an anxiety disorder b. does not have a learning disability, because her IQ is only average c. has a learning disability d. has an intellectual disability Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. Topic: Specific Learning Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 56. Thought to be an asymmetry in brain development, __________ is the most widely known and studied learning disorder. a. intellectual disability b. autism c. conduct disorder d. dyslexia Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. Topic: Specific Learning Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 57. A learning disability is usually identified because __________. a. teachers and school administrators are on the lookout for the signs b. a child shows a disparity between their actual academic achievement and their expected academic achievement c. because a child begins to show significant emotional problems, fails, and begins to hate school d. because a child has been doing very well in school for several years and then suddenly starts failing Answer: b 20 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. Topic: Specific Learning Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 58. Which of the following is characteristic of someone with Down syndrome? a. A small head and brain b. Very pale eyes, skin, and hair c. Thick skin on the eyelids d. Cataracts and deafness Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. Topic: Specific Learning Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 59. The incidence of Down syndrome increases __________. a. when the mother drinks heavily during pregnancy b. if the father is extremely young c. as the age of the parents increases d. when the mother is exposed to lead during pregnancy Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. Topic: Specific Learning Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 60. Children born with phenylketonuria __________. a. lack the amino acid phenylalanine b. lack a liver enzyme needed to break down the amino acid phenylalanine c. have a disorder of lipoid metabolism d. are unable to metabolize the lipoid phenylalanine Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. Topic: Organic Intellectual Disability Syndromes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 21 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 61. Phenylketonuria is treated with __________. a. behavioral conditioning b. cognitive-behavioral therapy c. antidepressant medication. d. the elimination of phenylalanine-containing foods Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. Topic: Organic Intellectual Disability Syndromes Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 62. Shortly after birth, David’s head began to grow. A shunt was placed in his skull to drain fluid. He has seizures, trouble seeing, and mild intellectual deficits. David’s most likely diagnosis is __________. a. microcephaly b. phenylketonuria c. Turner’s syndrome d. hydrocephaly Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. Topic: Organic Intellectual Disability Syndromes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 63. Which of the following is one of the four instances where the law allows for the treatment of a child or adolescent without parental consent? a. Immature minors who are not capable of making their own decisions b. Emancipated minors c. Custody cases d. Lawsuits resulting from delinquent acts Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Topic: Special Factors Associated with Treatment of Children and Adolescents Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

64. One study revealed that __________ percent of newly homeless men in New York City reported a history of out-of-home care as children. a. 7 b. 12 c. 15 d. 23 Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Topic: Special Factors Associated with Treatment of Children and Adolescents Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 65. __________ attempt to help children and others get the services they need, but are often unable to obtain for themselves. a. Juvenile justice systems b. Advocacy programs c. Foster homes d. Mental health institutions Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Topic: Special Factors Associated with Treatment of Children and Adolescents Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. SHORT ANSWER 66. At what age do maladaptive behavior patterns of childhood change to those of adolescence? Answer: There is no sharp line of demarcation between the maladaptive behavior patterns of childhood and adolescence—i.e., no precise age at which temper tantrums are considered officially “abnormal”—or between those of adolescence and adulthood. Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. Topic: The Classification of Childhood and Adolescent Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 67. How does depression in a mother impact her child?

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: Depressed mothers tend not to respond effectively to children and to be less attuned to them. They also tend to respond in a more negative manner. Depressed mothers’ behavior and modeling of affect may produce similar responses in infants. Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Topic: Childhood Depression and Bipolar Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 68. What is the clinical picture of oppositional defiant disorder? How is this disorder related to conduct disorder? Answer: The key characteristics of oppositional defiant disorder are persistent negativism, disobedience, and hostile behavior toward authority figures. This pattern must last at least six months and usually begins by age eight. Conduct disorder involves many of the same behaviors but usually has its onset in middle childhood or later. While some children who have oppositional defiant disorder go on to develop conduct disorder, virtually every child with conduct disorder had oppositional defiant disorder earlier in life. Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Topic: Oppositional Defiant Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 69. What relationship is there between conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder? Answer: Early-onset conduct disorder is associated with later development of antisocial personality disorder or other social dysfunction. It appears that the earlier that antisocial behavior becomes apparent, the more likely it is that it will continue and become a lifelong behavioral pattern. Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Topic: Conduct Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 70. What types of treatments are most effective for enuresis? Answer: There are medications for enuresis, but they do not cure the problem on their own. There is frequent relapse when the drug is discontinued or the child habituates to it. Some evidence suggests that a biobehavioral approach—that is, using a urine alarm along with desmopressin—is most effective. With or without treatment, the incidence of enuresis tends to decrease significantly with age, but many experts still believe it should be treated in 24 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

childhood, because there is currently no way to identify which children will remain enuretic into adulthood. Learning Objective: 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. Topic: Enuresis Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 71. What is coprolalia? Answer: Coprolalia is a vocal tic that involves the uttering of obscenities. It is seen in about onethird of those with Tourette’s syndrome. Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Tic Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 72. What are the major symptoms of autism spectrum disorder? Answer: Lack of interest in social relationships, social deficits, absence of speech, selfstimulation, lowered IQ, and maintaining sameness. Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 73. What are three factors that can cause intellectual disability? Answer: Any three of the following: Genetic-chromosomal factors, infections and toxic agents, trauma and physical injury, ionizing radiation, and malnutrition. Learning Objective: 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. Topic: Causal Factors in Intellectual Disability Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 74. What is unique about the intellectual disability caused by phenylketonuria?

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: While many conditions inevitably result in brain damage and intellectual disability, early detection of phenylketonuria can prevent any adverse consequences. Children with phenylketonuria are unable to metabolize phenylalanine. If they ingest food with this amino acid, it accumulates and causes brain damage that leads to retardation. The intellectual disability seen in phenylketonuria only occurs if foods with phenylalanine are ingested, therefore it is preventable. Learning Objective: 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. Topic: Organic Intellectual Disability Syndromes Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 75. What do microcephaly and macrocephaly have in common? Answer: They involve alterations in head size and shape. Learning Objective: 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. Topic: Organic Intellectual Disability Syndromes Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 76. What are three of the special factors associated with the treatment of children and adolescents? Answer: Any three of the following: Children’s inability to seek assistance on their own, the unique vulnerabilities of children that put them at risk, the need to treat parents as well as children, the problems of placing children outside of the family, and the value of intervening before problems become acute. Learning Objective: 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Topic: Special Factors Associated with Treatment of Children and Adolescents Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. ESSAY 77. Describe the vulnerabilities specific to children that contribute to the development of psychological problems? Answer: Children have a more simplistic view of life than adults. They have less selfunderstanding and cannot grasp in the way that adults can what situations require of them, nor what resources they have to cope with those situations. Therefore, immediate threats are more likely to seem overwhelming to children. Given this limited perspective, children use 26 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

unrealistic ideas to explain events. They are also more dependent on other people than adults, and while this may provide support, it also makes them vulnerable to rejection and the inadequate or inappropriate modeling of behavior. GRADING RUBRIC: 6 points total, 2 for each of 3 special vulnerabilities. Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. Topic: Psychological Vulnerabilities of Young Children Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 78. Describe the ways that parents can contribute to anxiety disorders in their children. Answer: 1. Modeling by overanxious and overprotective parents can sensitize children to the dangers of the outside world, communicate to them a lack of confidence in the child’s ability to cope, and reinforce the child’s feelings of inadequacy. 2. Indifferent or detached parents or rejecting parents cause the child to not feel adequately supported in mastering essential competencies and gaining a positive self-concept. Either repeated failures from poor learning skills lead to anxiety or withdrawal in the face of a threat, or the child performs adequately but is overly self-critical and feels anxious and devalued because of a self-perception of failure and loss of parental love. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 5 for each way. Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Topic: Anxiety Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 79. Compare and contrast oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, juvenile delinquency, and antisocial personality disorder. Answer: While oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), and antisocial personality disorder (APD) are all psychological disorders found in DSM-5, juvenile delinquency is a legal term used to identify law breaking by minors. Thus, many children with ODD and CD are juvenile delinquents. The behavioral features of ODD, CD, and APD are all similar. In essence, ODD and CD involve age-appropriate antisocial acts. ODD is usually apparent by age eight and is characterized by negativity, defiance, and hostility that persists for at least six months. The child with ODD does not respect authority. Not all children with ODD develop CD, but virtually all children with CD had ODD. CD tends to be seen by middle childhood. While the child with ODD is hostile to authority, the child with CD violates the rights of others and repeatedly violates rules. In CD, we see an escalation of the antisocial behaviors evident in the child with ODD. Just as not all children with ODD develop CD, those children who develop CD are not destined to develop APD. Those who develop CD at a young age, however, are more likely to develop APD. Thus, it appears that early and persistent antisocial behavior in childhood is a precursor for APD. GRADING RUBRIC: 12 points total, 2 points each for distinguishing between the 4 disorders (8 points), 27 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

2 for stating relationship between ODD and CD, 2 for stating the relationship between CD and APD. Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Topic: Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module Quiz 15.1: Special Considerations in Understanding Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence EOM Q15.1.1 Children are more __________ other people than are adults. In some ways, this helps buffer against negative events because they are protected and supported; in other ways, it leaves children vulnerable to abuse or neglect. a) dependent on b) interested in Consider This: Another factor at play for children and adolescents is lack of life experience contributing to life obstacles feeling insurmountable. 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. c) interested in Consider This: Another factor at play for children and adolescents is lack of life experience contributing to life obstacles feeling insurmountable. 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. d) loved by Consider This: Another factor at play for children and adolescents is lack of life experience contributing to life obstacles feeling insurmountable. 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. Module: Special Considerations in Understanding Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q15.1.2 In the first version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM), there were only two diagnoses included in the section on childhood disorders: __________ and adjustment reaction of childhood. a) childhood schizophrenia b) separation anxiety disorder Consider This: Even in the first DSM, it was recognized that sometimes children have difficulties discerning fantasy from reality. 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. c) pediatric abreaction disorder Consider This: Even in the first DSM, it was recognized that sometimes children have difficulties discerning fantasy from reality. 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) school phobia Consider This: Even in the first DSM, it was recognized that sometimes children have difficulties discerning fantasy from reality. 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. Module: Special Considerations in Understanding Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q15.1.3 Sally, age 7, talks to her invisible friend. Her father is worried about this behavior, so he takes her to a psychologist who says that this is developmentally appropriate behavior for a child her age, but that if it persists into adolescence, he should bring her back. This highlights that children may need __________. a) unique classification systems from adults b) their own psychologists Consider This: Some behaviors that are problematic in adults are developmentally appropriate in children. 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. c) a disorder that characterizes talking to invisible friends Consider This: Some behaviors that are problematic in adults are developmentally appropriate in children. 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. d) their own psychiatrist Consider This: Some behaviors that are problematic in adults are developmentally appropriate in children. 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. Module: Special Considerations in Understanding Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult End of Module Quiz 15.2: Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents EOM Q15.2.1 Because many children experience fears as a normal part of childhood, how can one determine when such fears have become abnormal and pathological? a) when the fears are persistent, extreme, impairing, and beyond what is developmentally expected b) when the fears have an onset that is after 5 years of age, which is regarded as the transition from early- to middle-childhood 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Remember that severity and duration of symptoms are often key criteria in the diagnosis of a mental disorder. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. c) when the fears are not able to be resolved through parental reassurance that the triggers are not threatening and pose no risk of harm Consider This: Remember that severity and duration of symptoms are often key criteria in the diagnosis of a mental disorder. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. d) when the fears cause the child to avoid the target of the fear (i.e., when the child avoids the thing that she is afraid of) Consider This: Remember that severity and duration of symptoms are often key criteria in the diagnosis of a mental disorder. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Module: Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q15.2.2 India has a real problem. At age 5, she simply cannot tolerate being parted from her father. Ever since her mother died last year, she clings to her father's side, and cannot even be one room away from him. This causes significant problems, particularly when he has to leave her at the day care center every morning when he goes to work. He often gets calls that he has to leave work and come get her after just an hour or two. India may be suffering from __________. a) separation anxiety disorder b) pediatric generalized anxiety disorder Consider This: Children with this disorder often lack self-confidence, are apprehensive in new situations, and tend to be immature for their age. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. c) acute stress disorder Consider This: Children with this disorder often lack self-confidence, are apprehensive in new situations, and tend to be immature for their age. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. d) panic disorder comorbid with school phobia Consider This: Children with this disorder often lack self-confidence, are apprehensive in new situations, and tend to be immature for their age. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Module: Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q15.2.3 What kind of therapy emphasizes the use of positive reinforcement and exposure procedures for the effective treatment of anxiety symptoms in young children? a) cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) b) humanistic destructuring Consider This: Kendall and colleagues have pioneered the use of this type of therapy for child anxiety, using positive reinforcement to enhance coping strategies to deal with fears. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. c) interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) Consider This: Kendall and colleagues have pioneered the use of this type of therapy for child anxiety, using positive reinforcement to enhance coping strategies to deal with fears. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. d) systematic desensitization Consider This: Kendall and colleagues have pioneered the use of this type of therapy for child anxiety, using positive reinforcement to enhance coping strategies to deal with fears. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Module: Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q15.2.4 Research suggests that, in children, exposure-based therapies that emphasize __________ result in improved treatment outcomes. a) spending a lot of time engaging in exposures to highly feared stimuli b) spending only a little time engaging in exposures to highly feared stimuli Consider This: Although gradual exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli is important, the correct answer is still true. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. c) providing no parental support during exposures to highly feared stimuli Consider This: Although gradual exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli is important, the correct answer is still true. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. d) providing no therapist support during exposures to highly feared stimuli Consider This: Although gradual exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli is important, the correct answer is still true. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Module: Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents 32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q15.2.5 What percentage of children and adolescents experience depression at some point in their lives? a) 1 percent Consider This: When considering only girls, 16 percent meet criteria for major depression at some point in their lives. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. b) 6 percent Consider This: When considering only girls, 16 percent meet criteria for major depression at some point in their lives. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. c) 12 percent d) 28 percent Consider This: When considering only girls, 16 percent meet criteria for major depression at some point in their lives. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Module: Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 15.3: Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder EOM Q15.3.1 Cooper, age 11, is quite large for his age. He is much taller than all of his classmates, and as a result they are rather intimidated by him. Cooper is very aggressive, and is regarded as a bully by his peers. He often pushes other kids around and is quickly ready to fight if they stand up to him. He has been suspended from school three times for punching other kids. In one instance, the other child suffered serious bruises from the assault. Cooper's behaviors are consistent with the __________ subtype of conduct disorder. a) aggressive behavior b) deceit/theft Consider This: Think about the common theme to Cooper's actions relative to each answer choice. 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. c) rule violations Consider This: Think about the common theme to Cooper's actions relative to each answer choice. 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. d) undifferentiated Consider This: Think about the common theme to Cooper's actions relative to each answer 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

choice. 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Module: Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q15.3.2 Which of the following individuals is most likely to have difficulties with adult antisocial personality disorder? a) Brandon shows symptoms of conduct disorder starting at age 7. b) Shamar has been diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder since he was 8. Consider This: What does information in this chapter state about the relationship between age of onset of certain symptoms and later-life antisocial personality disorder risk? 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. c) Lisa has the symptoms of separation anxiety disorder since she was 6. Consider This: What does information in this chapter state about the relationship between age of onset of certain symptoms and later-life antisocial personality disorder risk? 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. d) Carlos is 14 and has recently developed symptoms of conduct disorder. Consider This: What does information in this chapter state about the relationship between age of onset of certain symptoms and later-life antisocial personality disorder risk? 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Module: Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q15.3.3 The cohesive family model is a family-group-oriented approach used to treat oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD). With this model, ODD and CD are conceptualized as __________. a) being reinforced and maintained by ineffective parenting practices b) disorders that reflect pathological mourning within the family that must be resolved if the child is to be effectively treated Consider This: This model is rooted in learning theory and emphasizes operant conditioning paradigms. 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. c) genetic disorders that can respond to structured intervention Consider This: This model is rooted in learning theory and emphasizes operant conditioning paradigms. 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. 34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) disorders that form in reaction to poverty, crime, and other external factors Consider This: This model is rooted in learning theory and emphasizes operant conditioning paradigms. 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Module: Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q15.3.4 Parent management training, which involves __________, is effective in the treatment of CD and ODD. a) teaching parents to effectively reinforce their child's prosocial behaviors while ignoring aggressive/antisocial behaviors b) teaching parents to teach their children social problem-solving skills Consider This: Talk therapy alone is ineffective in treating CD and ODD. 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. c) talk therapy with parents Consider This: Talk therapy alone is ineffective in treating CD and ODD. 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. d) teaching parents to handle the stress of having a child with psychological difficulties Consider This: Talk therapy alone is ineffective in treating CD and ODD. 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Module: Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 15.4: Elimination Disorders EOM Q15.4.1 Why would it be incorrect to label a child under age 4 with encopresis, even if the toileting difficulties are causing distress for the child and frustration for the parents? a) DSM-5 specifies that encopresis cannot be diagnosed prior to 4 years of age. b) The label of having an elimination disorder will create greater anxiety that will extend rather than help reduce the problem. Consider This: Remember that it is important to consider developmentally appropriate norms when considering diagnosis of a childhood or adolescent mental disorder. 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. c) Encopresis is not diagnosed when proper toileting hasn't been achieved; it is only diagnosed when a child regresses to inappropriate toileting behaviors after becoming properly potty-trained. 35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Remember that it is important to consider developmentally appropriate norms when considering diagnosis of a childhood or adolescent mental disorder. 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. d) Because the lack of appropriate toileting must extend into a school (not preschool) classroom in order for a diagnosis of encopresis to be made. Consider This: Remember that it is important to consider developmentally appropriate norms when considering diagnosis of a childhood or adolescent mental disorder. 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. Module: Elimination Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q15.4.2 Eli is 6 years of age, and his parents are thrilled that he is fully potty-trained. After his new sister is born and comes home from the hospital, he notices that she receives a lot of attention and he feels ignored. Soon he begins wetting his pants again, and his parents put him back in pull-up diapers. If this problem persists, Eli might be diagnosed with __________ functional enuresis. a) secondary b) primary Consider This: This diagnosis is distinguished from children who have this problem but have never achieved urinary control. 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. c) regressive Consider This: This diagnosis is distinguished from children who have this problem but have never achieved urinary control. 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. d) reactionary Consider This: This diagnosis is distinguished from children who have this problem but have never achieved urinary control. 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. Module: Elimination Disorders Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q15.4.3 The Mowrer bell-and-pad method used to treat enuresis is based on which psychological concept? a) conditioning b) unconscious motives Consider This: With this method, the child comes to associate bladder tension with awakening. 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. c) reinforcement Consider This: With this method, the child comes to associate bladder tension with awakening. 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. d) regression 36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: With this method, the child comes to associate bladder tension with awakening. 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. Module: Elimination Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q15.4.4 Prevalence rates of enuresis tend to __________ with age. a) decrease b) increase Consider This: Prevalence rates of this disorder are 1.1 percent among children ages 15 and older. 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. c) stay the same Consider This: Prevalence rates of this disorder are 1.1 percent among children ages 15 and older. 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. d) fluctuate Consider This: Prevalence rates of this disorder are 1.1 percent among children ages 15 and older. 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. Module: Elimination Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 15.5: Neurodevelopmental Disorders EOM Q15.5.1 Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is most commonly thought of as a condition that only occurs in childhood and adolescence, studies done in the United States and abroad suggested that about __________ of children with ADHD will continue to meet criteria in adulthood. a) half b) one-quarter Consider This: You may be tempted to underestimate the actual number. Don't make that mistake! 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. c) two-thirds Consider This: You may be tempted to underestimate the actual number. Don't make that mistake! 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. d) one-third Consider This: You may be tempted to underestimate the actual number. Don't make that mistake! 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of 37 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Module: Neurodevelopmental Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q15.5.2 There is some evidence that the rate of autism is rising in the United States. This reported increase in diagnosis is most likely due to __________. a) methodological differences between studies and changes in diagnostic practice and public and professional awareness b) the presence of thimerosal in children's vaccines Consider This: Significant changes have been made in how we identify what autism is. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. c) the fact that couples are waiting longer to have children Consider This: Significant changes have been made in how we identify what autism is. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. d) changes in population trends such as greater diversity in partner choices for parents as well as higher educational attainment Consider This: Significant changes have been made in how we identify what autism is. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Module: Neurodevelopmental Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q15.5.3 De novo genetic mutations __________. a) occur in the egg or sperm and are passed on to every cell in the child's body, despite not appearing in the parents' bodies b) increase the number of times that the short DNA sequence is repeated in both the parent and the child Consider This: Knowing the causes of particular de novo mutations may help with understanding the development of autism. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. c) appear where genetic material is exchanged between two or more non-homologous chromosomes in the child's DNA Consider This: Knowing the causes of particular de novo mutations may help with understanding the development of autism. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and 38 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. d) occur with a loss of one allele of an inherited gene pair, either by a deletion or a recombination event Consider This: Knowing the causes of particular de novo mutations may help with understanding the development of autism. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Module: Neurodevelopmental Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q15.5.4 The brains of children with ADHD tend to mature more slowly than the brains of children without ADHD. These maturational delays are particularly prominent in which regions? a) prefrontal regions b) parietal lobes Consider This: These regions tend to be involved in attention and impulsivity. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. c) primary motor cortices Consider This: These regions tend to be involved in attention and impulsivity. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. d) occipital lobe Consider This: These regions tend to be involved in attention and impulsivity. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Module: Neurodevelopmental Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 15.6: Specific Learning Disorders EOM Q15.6.1 Which specific learning disorder is marked by problems in word recognition and reading comprehension, deficits in spelling and memory, or unusually slow reading skills that involve omission, addition, or distortion of words? a) dyslexia b) dysgraphia Consider This: People commonly mistake this disorder for the simple visual flipping (or 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

inversion) of letters or numbers as they are read. 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. c) dyscalculia Consider This: People commonly mistake this disorder for the simple visual flipping (or inversion) of letters or numbers as they are read. 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. d) disordered executive functioning Consider This: People commonly mistake this disorder for the simple visual flipping (or inversion) of letters or numbers as they are read. 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. Module: Specific Learning Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q15.6.2 Research using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has found that people suffering from dyslexia may have reduced physiological activation in the __________. a) cerebellum b) hypothalamus Consider This: The correct answer is part of the hindbrain commonly associated with balance and fine motor skills. 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. c) reticular activating system Consider This: The correct answer is part of the hindbrain commonly associated with balance and fine motor skills. 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. d) right parietal lobe of the cerebrum Consider This: The correct answer is part of the hindbrain commonly associated with balance and fine motor skills. 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. Module: Specific Learning Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q15.6.3 Estimates indicate that between 2 and 10 percent of children have a learning disorder. The most common disorder is __________. a) dyslexia b) autism Consider This: The correct answer involves substantial difficulties with reading comprehension 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

and spelling. 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. c) ADHD Consider This: The correct answer involves substantial difficulties with reading comprehension and spelling. 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. d) intellectual disability Consider This: The correct answer involves substantial difficulties with reading comprehension and spelling. 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. Module: Specific Learning Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 15.7: Intellectual Disability EOM Q15.7.1 Marta is 19 years of age and has recently started demonstrating the functional deficits that are commonly associated with intellectual disability. She is having significant problems in general mental abilities, such as reasoning, problem solving, and planning. Which of the following would be the most appropriate diagnosis? a) dementia b) mild intellectual disability Consider This: Remember that the onset of Marta's symptoms occurred after the age of 17. 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. c) moderate intellectual disability Consider This: Remember that the onset of Marta's symptoms occurred after the age of 17. 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. d) severe intellectual disability Consider This: Remember that the onset of Marta's symptoms occurred after the age of 17. 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. Module: Intellectual Disability Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q15.7.2 The best-known clinical condition associated with moderate to severe intellectual disability is __________ syndrome, which is most often caused by an extra version of the twenty-first pair of chromosomes. 41 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a) Down b) fragile X Consider This: It is a condition that creates irreversible limitations on intellectual achievement, competence in managing life tasks, and survivability. 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. c) Turner's Consider This: It is a condition that creates irreversible limitations on intellectual achievement, competence in managing life tasks, and survivability. 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. d) Klinefelter's Consider This: It is a condition that creates irreversible limitations on intellectual achievement, competence in managing life tasks, and survivability. 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. Module: Intellectual Disability Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q15.7.3 Dipak suffers from a condition where he has an unusual accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within his cranium. This has led to damage to brain tissue and enlargement of the skull. As a result of these factors, Dipak has many of the symptoms of severe intellectual impairment. What is the proper diagnosis for Dipak's case? a) hydrocephaly b) microcephaly Consider This: In congenital cases, a person is born with an enlarged head, or the problem begins soon after birth. 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. c) macrocephaly Consider This: In congenital cases, a person is born with an enlarged head, or the problem begins soon after birth. 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. d) polycephaly Consider This: In congenital cases, a person is born with an enlarged head, or the problem begins soon after birth. 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. Module: Intellectual Disability Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

End of Module Quiz 15.8: Special Considerations in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents EOM Q15.8.1 Why is it so important for adults to recognize when a child needs professional help and to take the initiative in seeking it? a) because in many cases children with psychological struggles cannot ask for help themselves b) because even child psychologists cannot work with children unless the parents are present for the therapy sessions Consider This: In some cases a child may simply not have a true cognitive understanding of his own symptoms or feelings. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. c) because the treatment of child psychopathology must begin with a referral from the child's primary pediatrician Consider This: In some cases a child may simply not have a true cognitive understanding of his own symptoms or feelings. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. d) because insurance companies insure the parent, not the child, and as such the parent needs to initiate the seeking out of help Consider This: In some cases a child may simply not have a true cognitive understanding of his own symptoms or feelings. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Module: Special Considerations in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q15.8.2 When the situation involving a child's psychological concerns involves family violence, __________ becomes a particularly important part of the treatment plan. a) family therapy b) cognitive therapy Consider This: This kind of format for therapy sees multiple people as the unit of change, and does not focus exclusively on the child. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. c) medication Consider This: This kind of format for therapy sees multiple people as the unit of change, and does not focus exclusively on the child. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. d) an alternate living situation Consider This: This kind of format for therapy sees multiple people as the unit of change, and does not focus exclusively on the child. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Module: Special Considerations in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q15.8.3 Which of the following is the most common form of child abuse in the United States, accounting for about 78 percent of all such cases? a) child neglect b) physical abuse Consider This: Failing to tend to a child's basic needs can be a very devastating form of abuse. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. c) sexual abuse Consider This: Failing to tend to a child's basic needs can be a very devastating form of abuse. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. d) psychological abuse Consider This: Failing to tend to a child's basic needs can be a very devastating form of abuse. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Module: Special Considerations in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q15.8.4 When a child is exposed to a disaster or trauma (e.g., hurricane, accident, hostage situation, shooting), __________ has the double goal of reducing the stressors in that child's life and strengthening her coping mechanisms. a) early intervention b) group psychotherapy Consider This: Preventing a problem before it becomes severe is a better approach than responding to a problem that has already gotten out of control. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. c) foster placement Consider This: Preventing a problem before it becomes severe is a better approach than responding to a problem that has already gotten out of control. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. d) short-term hospitalization Consider This: Preventing a problem before it becomes severe is a better approach than responding to a problem that has already gotten out of control. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Module: Special Considerations in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q15.8.5 Having worked for a state agency for several years, Sheri's job involves helping children and others to obtain services that they cannot get for themselves. In some cases, she works to change 44 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

the system so that underserved populations can obtain more assistance. Sheri probably works for __________. a) a child advocacy program b) an urgent psychiatric services facility Consider This: People often need assistance speaking up when they cannot do so for themselves. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. c) a case therapy system Consider This: People often need assistance speaking up when they cannot do so for themselves. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. d) a private insurance company Consider This: People often need assistance speaking up when they cannot do so for themselves. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Module: Special Considerations in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Chapter Quiz: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) EOC Q15.1 Although the DSM-II contained a more comprehensive range of diagnoses than its predecessor, the DSM, concerns about the system focused on the fact that __________. a) the DSM system that was developed for adults was used to diagnose childhood problems, even though there were often no adult counterparts to many of the childhood disorders b) at the time of the DSM-II's introduction, very little research had focused on the etiology of adult disorders Consider This: The early systems also ignored the fact that in childhood disorders, environmental factors play an important part in the expression of symptoms. 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. c) the DSM-II was heavily psychodynamic and interpreted too many symptoms that could not be operationalized and viewed as psychopathology from an adult perspective Consider This: The early systems also ignored the fact that in childhood disorders, environmental factors play an important part in the expression of symptoms. 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. d) theorists contributing to the earlier editions of the DSM failed to consider genetic factors that contribute to childhood psychopathology Consider This: The early systems also ignored the fact that in childhood disorders, environmental factors play an important part in the expression of symptoms. 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. Answer: a 45 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. Module: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q15.2 Which of the following factors would contribute to a child being vulnerable to developing a psychological disorder? a) Children's lack of experience in dealing with adversity can make manageable problems seem insurmountable. b) Young children spend much of their time immersed in fantasy and have difficulty distinguishing real-life events from made up ones. Consider This: Children do not yet have a stable sense of identity, a clear understanding of what is expected of them, or the awareness to assess resources available to help them. 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. c) Children tend to be overly optimistic and fail to consider the gravity of problems in their lives. Consider This: Children do not yet have a stable sense of identity, a clear understanding of what is expected of them, or the awareness to assess resources available to help them. 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. d) Children are very selfish by nature and have a difficult time understanding the needs and feelings of others. Consider This: Children do not yet have a stable sense of identity, a clear understanding of what is expected of them, or the awareness to assess resources available to help them. 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults. Module: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q15.3 Nina, age 8, and her brother, age 19, are both experiencing symptoms of severe anxiety. Which of the following medications would likely be used for Nina and her brother? a) Benzodiazepines and SSRIs would be given to both of them. b) Nina's brother would be given benzodiazepines and SSRIs whereas Nina is too young for medications. Consider This: The same medication protocol used to treat adults with anxiety is typically used to treat children with anxiety. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. c) Nina's brother would be given benzodiazepines and SSRIs whereas Nina would be prescribed antipsychotics. 46 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: The same medication protocol used to treat adults with anxiety is typically used to treat children with anxiety. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. d) Nina's brother would be given benzodiazepines and SSRIs whereas Nina would be prescribed MAOIs and mood stabilizers. Consider This: The same medication protocol used to treat adults with anxiety is typically used to treat children with anxiety. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Module: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q15.4 Depressed mood is a major symptom used to diagnose depression in adults. When diagnosing childhood depression with the DSM-5, the major symptom of __________ may be substituted for depressed mood. a) irritability b) excitability Consider This: Children with depression often have many of the same symptoms as adults. However, there are symptoms unique to children that must be considered with the diagnosis. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. c) lethargy Consider This: Children with depression often have many of the same symptoms as adults. However, there are symptoms unique to children that must be considered with the diagnosis. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. d) tearfulness Consider This: Children with depression often have many of the same symptoms as adults. However, there are symptoms unique to children that must be considered with the diagnosis. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Module: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q15.5 Many experts are concerned that the rise in the diagnosis of child bipolar disorder may be due to __________. a) erroneous application of the bipolar diagnosis to a wide range of behavior problems such as 47 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

ADHD b) childhood inoculations containing preservatives impacting brain development Consider This: Children and adolescents diagnosed with bipolar disorder are much more likely than adults with this diagnosis to be male and to have a comorbid diagnosis of ADHD. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. c) pollutants and neurotoxins present in the environment, altering genes and neurotransmitter production Consider This: Children and adolescents diagnosed with bipolar disorder are much more likely than adults with this diagnosis to be male and to have a comorbid diagnosis of ADHD. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. d) social and cultural pressures placed on children to excel Consider This: Children and adolescents diagnosed with bipolar disorder are much more likely than adults with this diagnosis to be male and to have a comorbid diagnosis of ADHD. 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents. Module: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q15.6 The term juvenile delinquency __________. a) is the legal term used to refer to violations of the law committed by minors b) is the diagnosis given to youth whose conduct disorder approximates that of an adult antisocial personality disorder Consider This: Breaking the law in itself does not signal the presence of oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder in children. 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. c) is a term that refers to adolescent-aged children who would be diagnosed as conductdisordered at a younger age Consider This: Breaking the law in itself does not signal the presence of oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder in children. 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. d) was a term used in early versions of the DSM but was replaced by the diagnosis of conduct disorder starting with the DSM-IV Consider This: Breaking the law in itself does not signal the presence of oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder in children. 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Module: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) 48 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q15.7 Which of the following best describes the efficacy of medications for treating enuresis? a) These drugs may help reduce symptoms in children who do not respond to behavioral treatments; however, there is typically relapse when these drugs are discontinued. b) These drugs reduce symptoms of enuresis in both the short and long-term. Consider This: Medications frequently target improving the child's awareness of bodily functions during sleep. 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. c) These drugs effectively reduce depression in children with comorbid enuresis and, consequently, improve the child's awareness of self-care needs such as being aware of the need to urinate before bed. Consider This: Medications frequently target improving the child's awareness of bodily functions during sleep. 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. d) These drugs effectively increase the length of REM sleep which improves the child's activity level and alertness during waking hours. Consider This: Medications frequently target improving the child's awareness of bodily functions during sleep. 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.4 List and define elimination disorders. Module: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q15.8 Compared to specific phobia, ADHD is __________ and __________. a) less common; more commonly diagnosed by mental health professionals b) less common; less commonly diagnosed by mental health professionals Consider This: Compared to specific phobia, ADHD tends to be more disruptive of everyday life. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. c) more common; more commonly diagnosed by mental health professionals Consider This: Compared to specific phobia, ADHD tends to be more disruptive of everyday life. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. d) equally common; more commonly diagnosed by mental health professionals Consider This: Compared to specific phobia, ADHD tends to be more disruptive of everyday life. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Module: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate 49 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q15.9 __________, or parrot-like repetition of a few words, occurs in both typically developing children and children with autism. However, this type of language is __________ in children with autism. a) Echolalia; more common and persistent b) Echolalia; louder Consider This: Children with autism tend to have very limited use of normative speech. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. c) Coprolalia; more common and persistent Consider This: Children with autism tend to have very limited use of normative speech. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. d) Coprolalia; louder Consider This: Children with autism tend to have very limited use of normative speech. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Module: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q15.10 Arnav was recently diagnosed with Tourette's disorder. Because of this disorder, he frequently has outbursts in which he begins yelling profanities. This often happens when he is in class and recently even happened in front of his grandparents, leaving him very embarrassed. The specific term for this is __________. a) coprolalia b) echolalia Consider This: This behavior is considered a complex vocal tic. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. c) verbal tic Consider This: This behavior is considered a complex vocal tic. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. d) dyslexia Consider This: This behavior is considered a complex vocal tic. 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. 50 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Module: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q15.11 Joey is struggling in school. Despite being eager to learn and focused in class, his grades have been suffering, particularly in classes where he has to write a lot. His essays tend to have numerous spelling and grammatical errors, and they are very difficult to follow compared to his peers' essays. Joey likely has __________. a) a learning disorder b) a low IQ Consider This: Children like Joey tend to show a disparity between their expected academic achievement and their actual performance. 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. c) ADHD Consider This: Children like Joey tend to show a disparity between their expected academic achievement and their actual performance. 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. d) autism Consider This: Children like Joey tend to show a disparity between their expected academic achievement and their actual performance. 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders. Module: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q15.12 In order for someone to be diagnosed with intellectual disability, problems with intelligence and general level of performance must be evident __________. a) before the age of 18 Consider This: Any functional equivalent of intellectual disability that has its onset after age 17 is considered to be "dementia." 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. b) during early adulthood Consider This: Any functional equivalent of intellectual disability that has its onset after age 17 is considered to be "dementia." 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. c) during infancy Consider This: Any functional equivalent of intellectual disability that has its onset after age 17 is considered to be "dementia." 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. d) before the age of 10 Answer: d 51 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. Module: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q15.13 Jenna's son inherited a genetic disorder where the child's liver is unable to process a particular amino acid. He has been placed on a restricted diet and Jenna has been advised not to feed him turkey or diet soda. Without adherence to the diet, Jenna's son could develop intellectual disability. He was probably diagnosed with __________. a) phenylketonuria b) trisomy 21 Consider This: Early detection of this disorder is done with a urine test. 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. c) fragile X Consider This: Early detection of this disorder is done with a urine test. 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. d) Rett syndrome Consider This: Early detection of this disorder is done with a urine test. 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development. Module: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q15.14 Which family member has been found difficult to engage in family therapy by many clinicians? a) father b) mother Consider This: Family therapy is particularly important in family situations identified as involving violence. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. c) older brother Consider This: Family therapy is particularly important in family situations identified as involving violence. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. d) older sister Consider This: Family therapy is particularly important in family situations identified as involving violence. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Module: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q15.15 All family therapies view a child's problems as, to some extent, __________. a) an outgrowth of pathological interaction patterns within the family b) a result of living in poverty Consider This: Family therapists attempt to bring about positive change through modification of the deviant family patterns. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. c) an outgrowth of living in a single-parent home Consider This: Family therapists attempt to bring about positive change through modification of the deviant family patterns. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. d) stemming from psychopathology unique to the child Consider This: Family therapists attempt to bring about positive change through modification of the deviant family patterns. 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults. Module: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 16: Psychological Treatment Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Remember the Facts

Understand the Concepts

Apply What You Know

Multiple Choice

4, 6, 7

1, 2, 3, 8

5, 9

Short Answer

Learning Objective

Question Type

Introduction

Multiple Choice

Analyze It

Short Answer Essay 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are.

Essay 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured.

Multiple Choice

12, 13, 14

10, 11

15, 18

19, 20, 21

Short Answer Essay

16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment.

Multiple Choice

16, 17

Short Answer

Essay 16.4 List the psychological Multiple Choice approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Short Answer

16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment.

28, 31, 39, 47, 29, 33, 34, 35, 48 37, 38, 44, 46, 51 69, 70, 71

23, 24, 25, 26, 22, 50 27, 30, 32, 36, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 49

68, 72, 73, 74

Essay

76, 77, 78

Multiple Choice

Short Answer

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Essay 16.6 Describe three biological Multiple Choice approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Short Answer

53, 54, 55, 57, 56, 64, 65 61, 62

58, 59, 60, 63

Essay

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 16: Psychological Treatment MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What is the underlying conviction of all psychotherapy? a. Everyone can be helped through psychotherapy. b. Professionals are the only people who can truly help an individual with problems. c. The best therapy includes a combination of medication and talk. d. People with psychological problems can change, adapt, and learn new ways of thinking and behaving. Answer: c Learning Objective: 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Topic: An Overview of Treatment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 2. Which of the following is a disadvantage of psychotherapy? a. It is ineffective at treating severe mental disorders. b. It takes time. c. It is significantly more expensive than all other forms of treatment. d. It is generally less effective than talking out your problems with a friend or family member. Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Topic: An Overview of Treatment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 3. Approximately what percentage of adults in the United States receive mental health care treatment each year? a. 3 percent b. 8 percent c. 10 percent d. 15 percent Answer: d Learning Objective: 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Topic: Why Do People Seek Therapy? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

4. Which of the following is a true statement about therapy? a. Males are more reluctant than females to seek help for their problems. b. Few therapies have been found to be effective. c. Therapy is usually the most expensive approach to a problem. d. Each therapist has their own approach to therapy and does not alter this approach for different clients. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Topic: Why Do People Seek Therapy? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 5. Individuals vary tremendously in their degree of motivation for psychological treatment. Which of the following individuals is likely to be the most motivated? a. Harold, who is going through a job layoff and feels overwhelmed by the crisis b. Jaslyn, who was referred by the court to undergo therapy because of a drunk driving charge c. Marty, whose wife has said that she will divorce him unless he gets treatment for his compulsive gambling d. Rudy, who is sure that he has a heart condition but whose cardiologist suggests that he needs psychotherapy to cope with stress better Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Topic: Why Do People Seek Therapy? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 6. What two professional groups deal extensively with emotional problems but typically do not have professional training in counseling? a. Physicians and the clergy b. Physicians and psychiatrists c. The clergy and psychiatric social workers d. Psychiatrists and the clergy Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Topic: Who Provides Psychotherapeutic Services? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 4 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 7. What type of mental health professional is able to prescribe psychoactive medications in every state? a. Clinical psychologist b. Psychiatrist c. Psychiatric nurse d. Psychiatric social worker Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Topic: Who Provides Psychotherapeutic Services? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 8. Which of the following is a key element of the therapeutic relationship? a. A warm and loving relationship between the therapist and client b. Family involvement c. Client reliance on the therapist for direction and guidance d. Agreement between the client and therapist about the goals of treatment Answer: d Learning Objective: 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Topic: The Therapeutic Relationship Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 9. Andressa begins therapy and expects that the therapy will help her. This expectation __________. a. is necessary to produce positive change b. may be enough by itself to produce positive change c. is helpful in psychodynamic therapy but irrelevant to cognitive and behavioral interventions d. is irrelevant to the change process Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Topic: The Therapeutic Relationship Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

10. Which of the following would be the most objective way to evaluate treatment success? a. Gathering information about the therapist’s impressions of the changes that have occurred b. Looking at the client’s reports of change c. Asking the client’s family and friends to report on the progress they have observed d. Measuring the change through personality tests and other instruments Answer: d Learning Objective: 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Topic: Objectifying and Quantifying Change Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 11. Therapy outcome studies depend on ratings of the changes seen in clients. One reason that therapists’ ratings may be unreliable is because __________. a. they cannot see the client’s behavior in a range of settings b. they have a limited range of clients with which to compare an individual client’s improvement c. they usually base their judgments on superficial personality tests d. they are not in a good position to compare behavior before and after treatment Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Topic: Objectifying and Quantifying Change Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 12. The advantage of using outside independent observers or pre/post-test comparisons to evaluate a client’s progress is that __________. a. they take less time and are less costly b. they increase objectivity and consistency c. they ensure that there is no “regression to the mean” phenomenon d. they provide a valid prediction of how the client will behave in real life Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Topic: Objectifying and Quantifying Change Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 13. To summarize what is known about the effectiveness of psychotherapy, we can say that __________. a. the chances of the average client benefiting are significant b. for disorders that have a brief duration, treatment provides no obvious benefit c. degree of improvement and number of therapy sessions are unrelated d. all therapy outcomes are positive or neutral; none are negative 6 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Topic: Objectifying and Quantifying Change Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 14. What therapeutic practice is known to inflict great harm, and even death, on patients? a. Unfacilitated communication b. Rebirthing c. Attachment therapy d. Pharmaceutical therapy Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Topic: Can Therapy Be Harmful? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 15. A randomized clinical trial is a study in which __________. a. all subjects are treated the same, to see what percentage of the total gets better, what percentage stays the same, or what percentage gets worse b. people are assigned to different types of treatment in alternating alphabetical order, to see which treatment is best c. people go through different treatments in random order, to see which one works best d. people are assigned to different groups based on a flip of the coin; one half goes to a treatment group and the other to a seemingly identical placebo group Answer: d Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. Topic: Evidence-Based Treatment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 16. What is a “double-blind” study? a. Each patient receives both the drug being tested and a placebo, so that the effects of the drug can be compared to the effects of the patient’s expectations. b. While the patient is aware of the treatment they are receiving, their family, friends, and therapist are not. c. Neither the patient being given the drug nor the researcher who will evaluate the drug’s effects knows whether the patient is receiving the treatment or the placebo. d. Two conditions are used, a treatment and a placebo. Answer: c Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. 7 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Evidence-Based Treatment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 17. What is considered the most rigorous type of evaluation used by researchers to determine whether a therapy “works”? a. Double-blind study b. Efficacy study c. Blind study d. Manualized study Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. Topic: Evidence-Based Treatment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 18. Which of the following is a disadvantage of psychopharmacology? a. Relapse is likely when drugs use is terminated. b. Drugs are rarely effective in controlling psychotic symptoms. c. A shortage of psychopharmaceuticals. d. It is hard to distinguish wanted side effects from unwanted ones. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. Topic: Medication or Psychotherapy? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 19. What do the medications used to treat mental illnesses do? a. Cure the illness b. Restore brain chemistry to normal functioning c. Replace depleted neurotransmitters d. Treat the symptoms of the illness with biochemical changes Answer: d Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. Topic: Medication or Psychotherapy? Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 8 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

20. In Keller’s research study of depressed patients, more patients did well in the __________ condition than in the __________ condition, but __________ was clearly the most effective. a. medication-only; psychotherapy-only; combined treatment b. psychotherapy-only; medication-only; combined treatment c. combined-treatment; psychotherapy-only; medication only d. combined-treatment; medication-only; psychotherapy only Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. Topic: Combined Treatments Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 21. Research on the use of a combined approach to the treatment of mental disorders has demonstrated that __________. a. adding medication to psychosocial treatment for depression does not improve clinical outcomes b. psychotherapy alone yields the best results c. psychotherapy in combination with a placebo or medication yields the best results d. adding medication to psychosocial treatment for anxiety does not improve clinical outcomes Answer: d Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. Topic: Combined Treatments Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 22. What is the foundational belief of behavior therapy? a. Medications cause more harm than good. b. Internal states, such as thoughts and feelings, are not as important as overt behavior. c. Abnormal behavior is learned the same ways as normal behavior and can be unlearned. d. Thoughts influence behavior, and thoughts can be changed. Answer: c Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Behavior Therapy Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

23. Dr. Harris says, “For me, the goal of treatment is not to uncover inner conflicts but to help the client achieve adaptive responses that he or she can control and maintain through selfmonitoring.” Dr. Harris probably considers herself to be a __________ therapist. a. behavior b. psychodynamically oriented c. humanistic d. family systems Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Behavior Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 24. Together, Crystal and her therapist wrote a list of ten scenes involving Crystal’s fear of heights. After teaching her a relaxation technique, Crystal’s therapist told her to imagine herself in the least frightening of these scenes while she made herself feel relaxed. Crystal was undergoing __________. a. exposure in vivo b. systematic desensitization c. modeling therapy d. rational emotive therapy Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Behavior Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 25. Judd is considered obese and has a weakness for donuts. His therapist decides to try a new therapeutic approach wherein he sprinkles an invisible, bitter-tasting powder on top of the donuts. The powder will cause a noxious effect. What technique is being used to help Judd with this weakness? a. Token economies b. Aversion therapy c. Guided exposure therapy d. EMDR therapy Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Behavior Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 10 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

26. Luria is painfully shy. Her therapist first shows her appropriate social skills so she can interact competently with others. Then Luria attempts the same behavior while getting feedback. This illustrates the behavior therapy technique called __________. a. guided exposure b. covert sensitization c. modeling d. contingency management Answer: c Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Behavior Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 27. Simon has disorganized type schizophrenia and has lived in an institution for years. He rarely makes any attempt at socializing. A new program is started in which every time Simon speaks to another person, he is given a piece of red paper. At the end of each week, he can use the red papers to get cigarettes or extra privileges. This new program is __________. a. an in vivo exposure program b. a token economy c. guided exposure d. modeling Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Behavior Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 28. Which of the following is an advantage of behavior therapy? a. It targets specific emotions and thoughts. b. It works well if a problem is vague and ill-defined. c. It works even though there is no scientific support for it. d. It usually achieves results in a relatively short period of time. Answer: d Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Behavior Therapy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

29. What is an effective treatment for Tourette’s syndrome? a. Behavior therapy b. Pharmaceutical therapy c. Transcranial magnetic stimulation d. Speech therapy Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Behavior Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 30. For which of the following clients is behavior therapy most likely to be effective? a. Willard, whose complaint is a fear of spiders b. April, who has a variety of personality disorders c. Kalen, who is struggling with vague concerns about his career and marital prospects d. Taren, who is trying to understand the origins of her personality Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Behavior Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 31. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is based on the concept that __________. a. reinforcement and punishment are the best way to change behavior b. thinking influences emotion, motivation, and behavior c. behavior must change before cognitive changes can occur d. the therapist should take a less active role than is typically the case in behavior therapies Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 32. Dr. Garza says to a client with anxiety disorders, “It is your unrealistic beliefs and perfectionistic values that cause you to be so anxious, not the events of your life.” Dr. Garza probably supports the assumptions of __________ therapy. a. humanistic b. psychodynamic 12 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. rational emotive behavior d. systematic desensitization Answer: c Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 33. In Beck’s cognitive therapy, an early “homework” assignment would be __________. a. learning to relax b. listing one’s beliefs about one’s competencies c. identifying logical errors in thought and any associated emotional reactions d. intentionally facing situations that one believes are emotionally overwhelming Answer: c Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 34. According to a recent meta-analysis of 40 years of data on cognitive-behavioral therapy, _________ a. more experienced clinicians have better treatment effects than less experienced ones b. it is less effective than aversion therapy and other behavioral techniques c. male patients benefit more than female patients d. the changes it produces in the brain are only temporary Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 35. What is the central focus of humanistic-experiential therapy? a. A client’s relationship with his/her parents b. A client’s past c. A client’s awareness d. A client’s self-worth Answer: c Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 13 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 36. Lynnette was surprised that when she went to therapy, her therapist didn’t ask her questions, but just listened to her talk. She felt very comfortable with the therapist and felt she could say anything at all and be accepted, unlike with her critical parents. She said she could try out new ideas and the therapist was always warm and nonjudgmental. Lynette was likely undergoing __________. a. rational emotive therapy b. psychodynamic therapy c. systematic desensitization d. client-centered therapy Answer: d Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 37. According to the views of Carl Rogers, what is an important component in therapy? a. Creating an environment of strict rules and much guidance b. Creating an environment where the patient feels accepted, understood, and valued c. Restructuring thought processes d. Reinforcing adaptive behaviors with rewards Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Humanistic-Experiential Therapies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 38. In contrast to most other forms of therapy, the client-centered therapist __________. a. focuses on present concerns rather than past problems b. does not give answers or interpretations, nor even steer the client onto certain topics c. teaches a new set of beliefs and values so the client can cope more effectively d. helps make the client’s unconscious concerns conscious Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Humanistic-Experiential Therapies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 14 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

39. A brief form of therapy that can be completed in one or two sessions is __________. a. motivational interviewing b. psychodynamic therapy c. behavior therapy d. achievement interviewing Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Humanistic-Experiential Therapies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 40. Which of the following questions would a Gestalt therapist pose to a client? a. “Do you think that you would have felt like crying?” b. “Why do you say you should be able to win everyone’s love and approval?” c. “What does it feel like in your gut when you think of that?” d. “Why should your failure to get the promotion you wanted mean that you are worthless?” Answer: c Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Humanistic-Experiential Therapies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 41. Speaking of his goals in therapy, Dr. Katel says, “I want my patients to become aware of their repressed memories from childhood and come to terms with them in the light of adult realities.” Dr. Katel most likely prefers __________ therapy. a. flooding b. Gestalt c. psychodynamic d. cognitive Answer: c Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Humanistic-Experiential Therapies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 42. A psychotherapist says to her client, “Say whatever comes to your mind, no matter how strange or painful it may seem.” The psychotherapist is encouraging __________, in an effort to explore the client’s unconscious and preconscious material. 15 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. transference b. free association c. resistance d. counter-transference Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Psychodynamic Therapies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 43. Cody tells his therapist about a dream in which he struggles to ride a motorcycle that takes him in directions he does not want to go. The therapist interprets the dream to mean that Cody is trying to get control of his career but feels he is being controlled by others. This suggests that the __________. a. manifest content of the dream is the issue of Cody’s career b. latent content of the dream is the story of trying to ride the motorcycle. c. manifest content of the dream is the story of trying to ride the motorcycle d. therapist is trying to get Cody to argue with him or her Answer: c Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Psychodynamic Therapies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 44. Which of the following best illustrates the analysis of resistance? a. A client is able to talk freely about their mother but unable to report anything about their father. b. At the therapist’s instruction, a client says whatever comes into their head, regardless of how silly it sounds. c. A client reports a dream about riding a wild horse in a tunnel. d. A therapist reminds her client, who has become insulting, that she is, after all, a helping professional and not the client’s abusive mother. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Psychodynamic Therapies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 45. The son of a critical father comes to therapy one day and, with no provocation, is extremely hostile in his remarks to the therapist. The therapist might consider that __________ is occurring. 16 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. free association b. countertransference c. transference d. resistance Answer: c Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Psychodynamic Therapies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 46. Psychodynamic interpersonally oriented therapies agree with classical psychoanalysis on the importance of __________. a. focusing on the transference neurosis b. the transformation of sexual energy into neurotic behaviors c. understanding the present in terms of the past d. the therapist being passive and impersonal Answer: c Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Psychodynamic Therapies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 47. Traditional behavioral couples therapy __________. a. uses training in communication skills and adaptive problem-solving to increase caring behaviors in couples b. tries to involve spouses in the treatment of people with severe mental disorders to prevent relapse after they are released from the hospital c. treats the couple together for any problems that one of them has, because the couple is seen as a “system” in which each person influences the other d. uses training in relaxation skills and imagery to reduce anxiety in couples Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Couples and Family Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 48. One of the goals of __________ is changing the organization of the family such that the family members behave more supportively toward each other. a. integrative behavioral couple therapy b. classical psychoanalytic family therapy 17 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. transference-focused psychotherapy d. structural family therapy Answer: d Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Couples and Family Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 49. The Conner family is attending family therapy sessions. The therapist has told them, “If the whole family context changes, Darlene’s problem behavior will change as well.” The family therapist probably agrees with the __________ therapy approach. a. structural family b. behavioral family c. cognitive d. conjoint family Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Couples and Family Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 50. Which of the following statements accurately reflects structural family therapy? a. The therapist is very directive in order to break up the existing power structure in the family. b. The focus is on past interactions, as they have given rise to present problems. c. The therapist initially acts like one of the family and participates in family interactions. d. The therapist adopts a Rogerian approach, focusing on good listening skills and clarification. Answer: c Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Couples and Family Therapy Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 51. What type of therapeutic orientation do psychotherapists use if they draw multiple concepts and techniques from various schools of practice? a. Eclectic b. Psychodynamic c. Cognitive-behavioral d. Humanistic 18 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Eclecticism and Integration Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 52. Research on the impact of matching the client’s race and ethnicity with the therapist’s indicates that __________. a. racial matching is crucial to success; the evidence on ethnic matching is less conclusive b. there is no solid evidence that outcomes are diminished when client and therapist are not matched c. while clients do not care whether there is a match, outcomes are influenced by a lack of matching d. racial matching is crucial to success, but that matching on the client’s primary language is not Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. Topic: Psychotherapy and Cultural Diversity Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 53. A notice on the outside of certain medications indicating the dangers of the medication is called a __________. a. black box warning b. pharmaceutical protection notice c. health and human services label d. danger directive Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Antipsychotic Drugs Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 54. The conventional antipsychotic drugs have a problematic side effect involving abnormal movement. This side effect is called __________. a. agranulocytosis b. monoamine oxidase c. tardive dyskinesia d. atypical neuroleptics Answer: c Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. 19 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Topic: Antipsychotic Drugs Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 55. Which of the following are a type of “classical antidepressant”? a. GABA agonists b. Tricyclics c. Neuroleptics d. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Antidepressant Drugs Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 56. Why are SSRIs the most commonly used antidepressants today? a. Because they have only minimal effects on dopamine, they are less likely to produce side effects. b. They are more effective than the classic tricyclic antidepressants. c. Their side effects are more tolerable than those of the first-generation antidepressants. d. They are not addictive. Answer: c Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Antidepressant Drugs Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 57. Which of the following is an accurate statement about antidepressants? a. Patients using SSRIs will experience improvements within three to five days. b. A positive response to SSRIs is defined as improvements in symptoms of at least 75 percent. c. Using antidepressants while pregnant is not harmful to the developing fetus. d. The newest antidepressant is a combination of an SSRI and a serotonin receptor agonist. Answer: d Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Antidepressant Drugs Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 58. Because much of Preston’s depression is a result of his lack of a healthy sexual relationship with his wife, Dr. Ruth figured that the best drug to treat him with would be __________. a. Chlorpromazine b. Prozac c. Wellbutrin d. Zoloft Answer: c Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Antidepressant Drugs Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 59. Owen has been prescribed the following drugs over the years: Valium, Serax, Xanax, and Ativan. We can guess that Owen has had problems with __________. a. positive symptom schizophrenia b. mood swings c. depression and anger control d. anxiety Answer: d Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Antianxiety Drugs Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 60. Shelly is taking a benzodiazepine to treat her anxiety. She should be concerned that __________. a. mania is a relatively common side effect b. she may become physically dependent on the drug c. while her anxiety is likely to be diminished, her adaptive behaviors also are likely to become increasingly impaired d. when taken in high dosages, the drugs have potentially serious effects on a woman’s reproductive ability Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Antianxiety Drugs Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 61. The newer antianxiety drug Buspar has the advantage of __________. a. a low potential for abuse 21 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. working better than other antianxiety drugs c. working on more anxiety disorders than the other drugs d. working faster than the other drugs Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Antianxiety Drugs Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 62. For bipolar patients, the risk of relapse after discontinuing lithium is __________. a. roughly 50 percent within six months b. not much higher than when people remain on the medication c. extremely unlikely d. about 15 percent, but only for people who have experienced repeated bouts with mania Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Lithium and Other Mood-Stabilizing Drugs Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 63. Iris has just received her first treatment of electroconvulsive therapy. She is most likely to __________. a. experience auditory hallucinations for a brief time afterward b. suffer tonic and clonic seizures over the next week c. feel more clearheaded and less depressed following the first two to three sessions d. experience amnesia and confusion for an hour after the treatment Answer: d Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Nonmedicinal Biological Treatments Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 64. Today, neurosurgery for psychological disorders is __________. a. still used regularly on patients who have not responded to any other treatment b. used as a last resort and involves the destruction of only tiny areas of the brain c. done frequently for certain types of psychological illnesses, such as obsessivecompulsive disorder d. no longer practiced—it has been completely replaced by medication Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Nonmedicinal Biological Treatments 22 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 65. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is typically __________. a. the first line of treatment for depression b. used to treat schizophrenia c. only considered to treat depression after psychotherapy and medication have proven ineffective d. used in coordination with neurosurgery Answer: c Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Nonmedicinal Biological Treatments Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. SHORT ANSWER 66. What are the key elements of the therapeutic alliance? Answer: A sense of working collaboratively on the problem, agreement between client and therapist about goals, affective bond between client and therapist, and clear communication. Learning Objective: 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Topic: The Therapeutic Relationship Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 67. What is a randomized clinical trial? Answer: Randomized clinical trials are commonly used to determine whether a treatment is effective. One group of subjects is given a treatment, while another is given a placebo. Ideally, the study is double-blind, meaning that neither the subject nor the researcher assessing whether the treatment has had an effect knows what condition the subject is in. Such procedures are designed to control for potential bias. Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. Topic: Evidence-Based Treatment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 23 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

68. What is systematic desensitization, and what is its purpose? Answer: If anxiety is learned, it can be unlearned. Systematic desensitization is guided exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli, either in real life or one’s imagination. The client is confronted with their fear in a gradual way. The client and therapist together make a hierarchy of the client’s fear. The client is taught a relaxation technique. Then the client imagines being in (or even participates in) the lowest fear level situation, while relaxing. Once the client can stay at that level and be relaxed, he or she moves to the next level. This pairs an incompatible behavior with anxiety-counter conditioning. Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Behavior Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 69. What is the psychological treatment called flooding? Answer: Flooding is a type of exposure therapy where the patient directly faces what they fear. Unlike systematic desensitization, where patients work up to facing what they fear gradually, the patient is immediately “flooded” with a direct presentation of the feared stimulus. Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Behavior Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 70. What is aversion therapy? Explain and provide an example of how it might be used. Answer: Aversion therapy is a form of therapy that is used to reduce a behavior through associating it with punishment. In other words, operant conditioning is used to decrease the frequency of an undesirable behavior by following it with unpleasant consequences. Aversion therapy can be used in the treatment of alcoholism. The alcoholic is treated with a drug that causes them to get sick if they drink, thus drinking will come to be associated with the nausea and vomiting that occurs. Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Behavior Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 71. What is a token economy?

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: Token economies are one of the many applications of behavioral theory to treatment. Token economies employ the principles of operant conditioning and are used to increase the frequency of desirable behaviors. When a desired behavior occurs, some “token” is given that may then be exchanged for something of value to the patient. Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Behavior Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 72. What is rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)? What kind of therapy is REBT? Answer: REBT is a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy. It attempts to change a client’s maladaptive thought processes, on which maladaptive emotional responses and, thus, behavior are presumed to depend. One method is to dispute a person’s false beliefs through rational confrontation. Homework assignments might be given to encourage clients to have new experiences and to break negative chains of behavior. Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 73. What are the main objectives of client-centered therapy? Answer: The main objectives of client-centered therapy are to help clients become able to accept and be themselves. Therapy strives to provide a climate where the client feels unconditionally accepted, understood, and valued. The therapist uses only nondirective techniques and restating to help the client clarify and understand feelings and ideas. Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Humanistic-Experiential Therapies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 74. Describe the process and purpose of Freudian dream analysis. Answer: During sleep, defenses are lowered and repressed material begins to come out in dreams. However, some material is so threatening that it comes out in disguised form. Dreams have a manifest content, the obvious theme of the dream, and a latent content, the actual, disguised motives and impulses. Analyzing the dream helps uncover the latent content.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Psychodynamic Therapies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 75. What is tardive dyskinesia? What causes it? Answer: Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder that can develop as a delayed result of using conventional antipsychotic medications. Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Antipsychotic Drugs Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. ESSAY 76. Describe Beck’s cognitive theory and therapy. Answer: The cognitive model is basically an information-processing model of psychopathology. Problems come from the biased processing of external events or internal stimuli. These biases distort the ways in which people make sense of their world, leading to cognitive errors. Underlying the biases are schemas that contain dysfunctional beliefs. When these schemas become activated, they bias how the person processes information. For example, in depression, people tend to make negative interpretations about themselves, their world, and their future. In therapy, clients are made aware of the connection between thinking and emotional response. They are taught to identify their automatic thoughts, the logical errors in thinking that they are making, and how to challenge their validity. Clients are encouraged to gather information on their own and test their beliefs as hypotheses. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 5 for theory, 5 for therapy. Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 77. Explain how motivational interviewing works, when to use it, and in what ways it may benefit clients. Answer: Motivational interviewing is a therapeutic approach based on empathy and clientcentered techniques. One benefit is the brief duration, as treatment is often delivered over one or two sessions. The primary goal is to help patients commit to change and subsequent 26 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

treatment. It is more direct than client-centered therapy in that the therapist encourages the client to identify their own reasons for wanting to change. It is successfully used to treat substance abuse and addiction, and shows a significant impact when used with ethnic minorities. Its success rate is attributed to the collaborative and nonconfrontational style of motivational interviewing. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 3 for how it works, 3 for when to use it, 4 for benefits. Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Humanistic-Experiential Therapies Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 78. Discuss the techniques used in psychodynamic therapy. What is the goal of such therapy and how has it changed over time? Answer: The goal of psychodynamic therapy is to reveal the unconscious by using numerous techniques designed to uncover that which one may or may not be aware of. Classical psychoanalysis is an intensive and long-term process that is rarely practiced today. Psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapies are more common today. These employ many of the same approaches as classical psychoanalysis but focus more on interpersonal considerations. While the classical psychoanalyst would focus on early relationships, the more modern psychotherapist would look at how those early relationships impact today’s interactions. Some psychodynamic techniques are free association, analysis of dreams, analysis of resistance, and analysis of transference. In free association, the client is asked to say whatever comes to mind—to speak without thinking. When dreams are analyzed, the therapist looks past the dream as remembered and interprets its hidden meaning. All of these techniques are designed to aid the client in developing an awareness of what lurks in their unconscious. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 2 points each to name and describe 2 techniques, 4 points to explain change in psychoanalysis over time, 2 points for explanation of goal of therapy. Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Topic: Psychodynamic Therapies Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module Quiz 16.1: An Overview of Treatment EOM Q16.1.1 What percentage of U.S. adults receives professional mental health care each year? a) 10 percent Consider This: Most people who receive treatment do not meet the full criteria for a psychological disorder. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. b) 15 percent c) 20 percent Consider This: Most people who receive treatment do not meet the full criteria for a psychological disorder. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. d) 30 percent Consider This: Most people who receive treatment do not meet the full criteria for a psychological disorder. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Answer: b Learning Objective: 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Module: An Overview of Treatment Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q16.1.2 Which of the following can help explain why men may be more reluctant to seek help and therapy? a) Men may be less able to recognize and label feelings of distress than women. b) Men tend to have less severe mental illness than women. Consider This: Men tend to be reluctant to seek help from friends as well as therapists. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. c) Unlike women, men can effectively reduce their symptoms of mental illness on their own, without therapy. Consider This: Men tend to be reluctant to seek help from friends as well as therapists. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. d) Unlike men, women prefer taking control of their problems by entering treatment. Consider This: Men tend to be reluctant to seek help from friends as well as therapists. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most 28 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

common goals are. Module: An Overview of Treatment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q16.1.3 Maria is a successful financial analyst who has been married for 20 years and is the mother of two adolescent children. Although Maria feels loved by family and friends and is happy in work and marriage, she recently entered therapy. Maria's reason for entering therapy most likely is for __________. a) personal growth reasons b) an awareness of her own mortality and the aging process Consider This: Often these types of clients sense that they have not lived up to their own expectations, nor realized their own potential. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. c) a nagging desire to be helpless and taken care of by someone else Consider This: Often these types of clients sense that they have not lived up to their own expectations, nor realized their own potential. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. d) a growing fear of the impact of environmental changes Consider This: Often these types of clients sense that they have not lived up to their own expectations, nor realized their own potential. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Module: An Overview of Treatment Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q16.1.4 In order to make therapy a better fit for men, it has been suggested that __________. a) new treatment approaches should be developed to recognize that many men see little value in talking about their problems and may respond more positively to action-focused treatments b) treatment should be less focused on abstract concepts, such as self-actualization, and more on concrete solutions Consider This: Males who embrace traditional self-reliant roles may experience more genderrole conflict when they enter traditional counseling. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. c) in order to benefit from therapy, male clients need to develop a "feeling language" through affective skills training before moving into problem-resolution work of therapy Consider This: Males who embrace traditional self-reliant roles may experience more genderrole conflict when they enter traditional counseling. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. d) contemporary treatment for men should include exposure to emotionally expressive alternative role models in order to help men "normalize" their need for treatment 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Males who embrace traditional self-reliant roles may experience more genderrole conflict when they enter traditional counseling. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Module: An Overview of Treatment Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q16.1.5 Raquel started seeing a therapist to help her with her social anxiety. When her therapist suggested that she start completing exposures to feared social situations (e.g., public speaking), Raquel was not happy. She had no desire to complete the exposures and she felt that the therapist was pushing this technique on her, when she just wanted to talk about her anxiety with a therapist. In this situation, one key factor Raquel and her therapist need to work on is __________, a component of the therapeutic alliance, to make sure Raquel stays in therapy and completes treatment. a) reaching an agreement about the goals and steps of the therapy b) Raquel's motivation Consider This: Developing the therapeutic alliance, and all of its components, is integral in forming an effective treatment. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. c) the transference relationship between the patient and the therapist Consider This: Developing the therapeutic alliance, and all of its components, is integral in forming an effective treatment. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. d) clear communication Consider This: Developing the therapeutic alliance, and all of its components, is integral in forming an effective treatment. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Module: An Overview of Treatment Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult End of Module Quiz 16.2: Measuring Success in Psychotherapy EOM Q16.2.1 What instrument has become almost standard in pre- and post-therapy assessment of depression? a) Beck Depression Inventory b) Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: In assessing therapy effectiveness, there has been an emphasis on using client ratings on quantitative measures to determine how much change has occurred. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. c) Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale Consider This: In assessing therapy effectiveness, there has been an emphasis on using client ratings on quantitative measures to determine how much change has occurred. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. d) Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Consider This: In assessing therapy effectiveness, there has been an emphasis on using client ratings on quantitative measures to determine how much change has occurred. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Module: Measuring Success in Psychotherapy Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q16.2.2 Which of the following pieces of evidence would most directly provide a therapist with evidence that their patient is showing reductions in symptoms of a specific phobia? a) Their patient is now willing to hold insects of different types and sizes for extended periods. b) Their patient shows greater activation of the orbitofrontal cortex when looking at pictures of insects during an fMRI test. Consider This: Unlike the incorrect answers, this form of observation is both difficult to "fake" and easily assessed in a treatment context. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. c) Their patient tells them that they are no longer fearful of insects. Consider This: Unlike the incorrect answers, this form of observation is both difficult to "fake" and easily assessed in a treatment context. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. d) Their patient terminates therapy. Consider This: Unlike the incorrect answers, this form of observation is both difficult to "fake" and easily assessed in a treatment context. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Module: Measuring Success in Psychotherapy Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q16.2.3 Research suggests that about __________ of patients show clinically significant change after 21 therapy sessions and, after 40 sessions, about __________ of patients have improved. a) 30 percent; 50 percent Consider This: Most researchers today would agree that psychotherapy is more effective than no treatment. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. 31 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b) 30 percent; 60 percent Consider This: Most researchers today would agree that psychotherapy is more effective than no treatment. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. c) 50 percent; 55 percent Consider This: Most researchers today would agree that psychotherapy is more effective than no treatment. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. d) 50 percent; 75 percent Answer: d Learning Objective: 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Module: Measuring Success in Psychotherapy Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q16.2.4 During psychotherapy, client progress is not always smooth or linear. At times, however, clients have been known to make big positive changes from one session to the next. It has been suggested that these changes are the result of __________. a) cognitive changes that the patients experience in critical sessions b) the patient experiencing an intense emotional catharsis during a session and, consequently, being able to release tension Consider This: The therapist's level of competence influences the degree of positive change made by the patient. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. c) prefrontal cortex and parietal regions of the patient's brain Consider This: The therapist's level of competence influences the degree of positive change made by the patient. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. d) the patient developing trust in the therapist and being willing to talk more openly about problems Consider This: The therapist's level of competence influences the degree of positive change made by the patient. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Module: Measuring Success in Psychotherapy Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q16.2.5 __________ was a questionable form of therapy for children with attachment problems that involved therapists wrapping children in blankets, sitting on them, and squeezing them. a) Rebirthing b) Simulated birth-trauma therapy Consider This: The technique resulted in several children dying of suffocation. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. c) Attachment therapy Consider This: The technique resulted in several children dying of suffocation. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. d) Renewal 32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: The technique resulted in several children dying of suffocation. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Module: Measuring Success in Psychotherapy Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 16.3: What Therapeutic Approaches Should Be Used? EOM Q16.3.1 Pharmaceutical companies are required by the FDA to conduct studies measuring drug efficacy by using informed human subjects that are randomly assigned to either a group that receives the drug being investigated or a group receiving a placebo. These studies are referred to as __________. a) randomized clinical trials (RCTs) b) randomized treatment efficacy trials (RTETs) Consider This: These trials are also referred to as efficacy trials. 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. c) calibrated clinical trials (CCTs) Consider This: These trials are also referred to as efficacy trials. 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. d) government-endorsed clinical trials (GECTs) Consider This: These trials are also referred to as efficacy trials. 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. Module: What Therapeutic Approaches Should Be Used? Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q16.3.2 Researchers studying psychotherapy have attempted to apply methodology similar to that used in drug studies in order to evaluate effectiveness. One factor that makes using this model for evaluating therapies challenging is __________. a) the difficulty of creating a placebo condition that will appear credible to patients b) the problem of assessing what content from the psychotherapy sessions should be confidential and what content can be included for research analysis Consider This: Psychotherapy research usually adopts the strategy of either comparing two or more "active" therapies or using a no-treatment wait-list group as a control. 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. c) the higher attrition rate for participants in therapy studies compared to those participating in drug studies Consider This: Psychotherapy research usually adopts the strategy of either comparing two or 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

more "active" therapies or using a no-treatment wait-list group as a control. 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. d) recruiting participants for psychotherapy research is more difficult than recruiting participants for drug trials Consider This: Psychotherapy research usually adopts the strategy of either comparing two or more "active" therapies or using a no-treatment wait-list group as a control. 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. Module: What Therapeutic Approaches Should Be Used? Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q16.3.3 Medications are often used without including psychotherapy to treat psychological disorders. A downside of focusing only on treatment with medication is that __________. a) medications may alleviate symptoms by inducing biochemical changes, but do not help the individual understand and change the personal or situational factors that may be creating or reinforcing maladaptive behaviors b) patients can become addicted to medications, thus requiring a lifetime use of the medication or a slow withdrawal from the medication Consider This: For many disorders, evidence-based therapy may offer a longer resolution of the problem than medications will. 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. c) insurance companies require larger client co-payments for medications than what is required for psychotherapy Consider This: For many disorders, evidence-based therapy may offer a longer resolution of the problem than medications will. 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. d) ensuring patient compliance with consistently taking medication is difficult Consider This: For many disorders, evidence-based therapy may offer a longer resolution of the problem than medications will. 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. Module: What Therapeutic Approaches Should Be Used? Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 16.4: Psychosocial Approaches to Treatment EOM Q16.4.1 Dasia participated in a therapy session aimed at helping her overcome her fear of spiders. The 34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

therapy session consisted of Dasia being taken by her therapist into a room teeming with nonvenomous spiders. She was instructed to confront her fear and to remain in the room with the therapist and spiders until she was no longer afraid. The technique used to treat Dasia's fear of spiders is called __________. a) flooding b) imaginal exposure Consider This: The treatment requires the client to face the feared thing or situation at "full force." 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. c) systematic desensitization Consider This: The treatment requires the client to face the feared thing or situation at "full force." 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. d) counterconditioning Consider This: The treatment requires the client to face the feared thing or situation at "full force." 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Module: Psychosocial Approaches to Treatment Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q16.4.2 __________ is a psychotherapy that works with the client to change irrational thinking patterns which consist of internalized "shoulds," "oughts," and "musts." These thought patterns are believed to prevent the client from having a more positive sense of self-worth. a) Rational emotive behavioral therapy b) Motivational interviewing Consider This: The therapy focuses on removing the false beliefs that have been stumbling blocks to personal growth. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. c) Dialectical behavior therapy Consider This: The therapy focuses on removing the false beliefs that have been stumbling blocks to personal growth. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. d) Behavioral activation Consider This: The therapy focuses on removing the false beliefs that have been stumbling blocks to personal growth. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Module: Psychosocial Approaches to Treatment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q16.4.3 35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Client-centered psychotherapy, as developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizes __________. a) helping people remove constraints and restrictions that grow out of unrealistic demands that they place on themselves b) the need to resolve unconscious conflicts that are blocking an individual's ability to have a fulfilling life Consider This: The goal of this therapy is to reduce the client's incongruence so that the client is able to accept and be himself. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. c) assisting people in recognizing the impact early relationships have on how clients interpret current relationships in life Consider This: The goal of this therapy is to reduce the client's incongruence so that the client is able to accept and be himself. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. d) assisting people in recognizing the impact early relationships have on how clients interpret current relationships in life Consider This: The goal of this therapy is to reduce the client's incongruence so that the client is able to accept and be himself. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Module: Psychosocial Approaches to Treatment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q16.4.4 Carol is involved in a time-limited therapy where she is encouraged to look at how she uses past schemas developed from her relationships with parents and others to understand her current relationships. Carol's therapist appears to be using __________ in her work with Carol. a) interpersonal therapy b) behavioral activation therapy Consider This: The therapy was initially developed for the treatment of depression and is based on ideas developed by Harry Stack Sullivan and John Bowlby. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. c) Gestalt therapy Consider This: The therapy was initially developed for the treatment of depression and is based on ideas developed by Harry Stack Sullivan and John Bowlby. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. d) self-therapy Consider This: The therapy was initially developed for the treatment of depression and is based on ideas developed by Harry Stack Sullivan and John Bowlby. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Module: Psychosocial Approaches to Treatment 36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q16.4.5 Contemporary therapists often describe their approach to treatment as "eclectic." By this term, therapists imply that __________. a) they combine concepts and techniques from various schools of psychological thought in order to best meet the needs of the client b) their treatment approach may involve only one technique practiced within the school of thought that the therapists adhere to Consider This: The contemporary approach reflects the willingness of therapists to consider many treatment options and is often referred to as multimodal therapy. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. c) therapeutic interventions will follow an acceptance-based model of treatment Consider This: The contemporary approach reflects the willingness of therapists to consider many treatment options and is often referred to as multimodal therapy. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. d) treatment may involve practices from Eastern philosophical points of view Consider This: The contemporary approach reflects the willingness of therapists to consider many treatment options and is often referred to as multimodal therapy. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Module: Psychosocial Approaches to Treatment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 16.5: Sociocultural Perspectives EOM Q16.5.1 Assessing the treatment needs and outcomes of minority groups is difficult to fully assess because __________. a) minority groups are disproportionately underrepresented in treatment research studies b) most therapy researchers are members of a minority group and therefore cannot possess unconscious cultural biases that can impact the implementation and interpretation of therapy research Consider This: The factors that are behind disparities between non-minority and minority treatment participation are complex and not well understood. 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. c) differences in culture make it difficult to determine what the actual treatment needs of minority groups are Consider This: The factors that are behind disparities between non-minority and minority treatment participation are complex and not well understood. 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. 37 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) many minority groups do not self-identify in research protocols Consider This: The factors that are behind disparities between non-minority and minority treatment participation are complex and not well understood. 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. Module: Sociocultural Perspectives Skill Level: Understand Difficult Level: Moderate EOM Q16.5.2 It can be difficult for a person who identifies as a racial/ethnic minority to find a therapist who matches their racial/ethnic identity as only __________ of therapists are racial/ethnic minorities. a) 8.8 percent Consider This: Although minority patients tend to prefer ethnically similar therapists, the percentage of therapists identifying as such is inadequate to meet this need. 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. b) 12.4 percent Consider This: Although minority patients tend to prefer ethnically similar therapists, the percentage of therapists identifying as such is inadequate to meet this need. 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. c) 15 percent Consider This: Although minority patients tend to prefer ethnically similar therapists, the percentage of therapists identifying as such is inadequate to meet this need. 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. d) 16.4 percent Answer: d Learning Objective: 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. Module: Sociocultural Perspectives Skill Level: Remember Difficult Level: Easy EOM Q16.5.3 Weisman and colleagues are developing culturally informed treatments for the families of patients with schizophrenia that consider __________. a) the role of family cohesiveness as well as spirituality and religion in the therapy process b) nutritional and financial counseling as important stability factors in treatment success Consider This: Ethnic and minority clients are less likely to drop out of treatment when interventions have been adapted to their culture. 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. c) the importance of improving assimilation of the minority member into the dominant culture Consider This: Ethnic and minority clients are less likely to drop out of treatment when interventions have been adapted to their culture. 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. 38 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) education about schizophrenia through clinicians and other mental health professionals from the same culture Consider This: Ethnic and minority clients are less likely to drop out of treatment when interventions have been adapted to their culture. 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. Module: Sociocultural Perspectives Skill Level: Understand Difficult Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 16.6: Biological Approaches to Treatment EOM Q16.6.1 Neuroleptics are used to treat __________. a) psychotic disorders b) mood disorders Consider This: These drugs work by blocking dopamine receptors. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. c) anxiety disorders Consider This: These drugs work by blocking dopamine receptors. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. d) impulse-control disorders Consider This: These drugs work by blocking dopamine receptors. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Module: Biological Approaches to Treatment Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q16.6.2 Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is an antidepressant that inhibits the reuptake of both norepinephrine and dopamine. This medication has been shown to help reduce symptoms of depression and __________. a) nicotine cravings and symptoms of withdrawal in people who want to quit smoking b) anxiety in people with agoraphobia Consider This: One of the advantages of this drug is, unlike many other antidepressants, it does not inhibit sexual functioning. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. c) episodes of binging and purging in people with bulimia Consider This: One of the advantages of this drug is, unlike many other antidepressants, it does not inhibit sexual functioning. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) symptoms of spider phobia Consider This: One of the advantages of this drug is, unlike many other antidepressants, it does not inhibit sexual functioning. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Module: Biological Approaches to Treatment Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q16.6.3 Benzodiazepines work by __________. a) enhancing the activity of GABA receptors b) blocking reuptake of norepinephrine Consider This: Withdrawal from benzodiazepines must be monitored carefully due to the risk of seizures. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. c) enhancing the activity of dopamine receptors Consider This: Withdrawal from benzodiazepines must be monitored carefully due to the risk of seizures. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. d) blocking the reuptake of serotonin Consider This: Withdrawal from benzodiazepines must be monitored carefully due to the risk of seizures. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Module: Biological Approaches to Treatment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q16.6.4 The use of lithium as a treatment for __________, aside from health risks and reported deaths associated with its use to treat hypertension, was delayed because __________. a) bipolar disorder; it is a naturally occurring substance that cannot be patented and therefore is not profitable to be produced by pharmaceutical companies b) depressive disorder; lawsuits related to the hypertension treatment deaths resulted in the drug receiving a Schedule I classification for many years Consider This: The drug is marketed as Eskalith and Lithobid. How it works is still not fully understood. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. c) bipolar disorder; use of the drug for treating the disorder still posed health risks when a strict diet was not adhered to Consider This: The drug is marketed as Eskalith and Lithobid. How it works is still not fully understood. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. d) depressive disorder; producing the drug is quite expensive, thus making it difficult to market Consider This: The drug is marketed as Eskalith and Lithobid. How it works is still not fully understood. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Module: Biological Approaches to Treatment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q16.6.5 In recent years, psychosurgery has been used with patients who have severe obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD). Although many of these patients obtain relief from clinical symptoms of OCD, on follow-up, a large percentage of these patients exhibit __________. a) impaired executive functioning on cognitive tests, problems with apathy, and disinhibited behavior b) motor coordination problems and problems with depth perception Consider This: Brain surgery carries substantial risk even when it is effective in treating the symptoms of OCD. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. c) anterograde memory problems Consider This: Brain surgery carries substantial risk even when it is effective in treating the symptoms of OCD. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. d) high levels of anxiety and depression Consider This: Brain surgery carries substantial risk even when it is effective in treating the symptoms of OCD. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Module: Biological Approaches to Treatment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Chapter Quiz: Psychological Treatment EOC Q16.1 Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding psychotherapy? a) Psychotherapy is often less expensive in the long-run than other forms of treatment, like medications. b) Psychotherapy is often more expensive in the long-run than other forms of treatment, like medications. Consider This: Other forms of treatment often involve longer-term intervention. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. c) Psychotherapy is only effective for individuals with mild mental illness. Consider This: Other forms of treatment often involve longer-term intervention. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. d) Only a few types of psychotherapy exist to treat mental illness. Consider This: Other forms of treatment often involve longer-term intervention. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Module: Psychological Treatment 41 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q16.2 Which of the following are the three mental health professionals most likely to administer psychological treatment services? a) clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, and psychiatric social workers b) psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, and licensed professional counselors Consider This: Mental health professionals differ with respect to their training and approach to treatment. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. c) psychiatric social workers, counseling psychologists, and pastoral counselors Consider This: Mental health professionals differ with respect to their training and approach to treatment. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. d) clinical psychologists, licensed professional counselors, and human services assistants Consider This: Mental health professionals differ with respect to their training and approach to treatment. 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are. Module: Psychological Treatment Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q16.3 Clinicians may not be the best judge of client success because __________. a) they may be biased in favor of seeing themselves as competent and successful b) they may overpathologize client difficulties Consider This: Clinicians generally only have a limited observational sample taken from the therapy session from which to make judgments of overall change. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. c) they are limited by their own cultural definitions of successful adaptation Consider This: Clinicians generally only have a limited observational sample taken from the therapy session from which to make judgments of overall change. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. d) they may fall prey to a patient's attempt to flatter or please the clinician with false life details Consider This: Clinicians generally only have a limited observational sample taken from the therapy session from which to make judgments of overall change. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Module: Psychological Treatment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate 42 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q16.4 Hannah has been a patient of Dr. Jones for the past year. Dr. Jones often invites Hannah out for coffee or dinner and has been known to kiss Hannah on the cheek. Recently, he suggested that Hannah join him on a trip to the Caribbean. Dr. Jones's behavior is an example of __________. a) a boundary violation b) a paternalistic therapist Consider This: When a therapist behaves in ways that exploit the trust of the patient or engages in behavior that is highly inappropriate, there is risk of harming the patient. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. c) enmeshment with the client Consider This: When a therapist behaves in ways that exploit the trust of the patient or engages in behavior that is highly inappropriate, there is risk of harming the patient. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. d) countertransference Consider This: When a therapist behaves in ways that exploit the trust of the patient or engages in behavior that is highly inappropriate, there is risk of harming the patient. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Module: Psychological Treatment Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q16.5 A questionable therapeutic technique called __________ involved having an individual guide an autistic child's hand over a computer keyboard with the assumption that the child was "talking" through typing on the keyboard. a) facilitated communication b) digital interaction Consider This: The use of this technique has been linked to dozens of child sexual abuse allegations against the parents of children with autism. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. c) enhanced communication Consider This: The use of this technique has been linked to dozens of child sexual abuse allegations against the parents of children with autism. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. d) assisted speech Consider This: The use of this technique has been linked to dozens of child sexual abuse allegations against the parents of children with autism. 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured. Module: Psychological Treatment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q16.6 Administering the medication __________ has been a useful adjunct to exposure therapy with patients who have social anxiety. The medication assists the therapy by __________. a) D-cycloserine; activating a receptor that is critical in facilitating extinction of anxiety b) fluoxetine; encouraging the release of GABA, which in turn reduces patient discomfort during the extinction treatment sessions Consider This: When taken outside of the treatment setting, this medication has no effect on anxiety. 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. c) escitalopram oxalate; activating a receptor that is critical in facilitating extinction of anxiety Consider This: When taken outside of the treatment setting, this medication has no effect on anxiety. 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. d) venlafaxine; encouraging the release of GABA, which in turn reduces patient discomfort during the extinction treatment sessions Consider This: When taken outside of the treatment setting, this medication has no effect on anxiety. 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment. Module: Psychological Treatment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q16.7 Which of the following factors would limit the effectiveness of imaginal exposures (but not in vivo exposures) in reducing, for example, phobic anxiety? a) The patient may be unwilling or unable to vividly imagine the phobic stimulus. b) The therapist may not believe in the therapy as strongly, so it will not work as well. Consider This: Imaginal exposures can be particularly useful in cases where the feared stimuli is not easily accessible. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. c) The patient may not believe in the therapy as strongly, so it will not work as well. Consider This: Imaginal exposures can be particularly useful in cases where the feared stimuli is not easily accessible. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. d) These decrease the anxiety produced by in vivo exposures, thus reducing their effectiveness later on in treatment. Consider This: Imaginal exposures can be particularly useful in cases where the feared stimuli is not easily accessible. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Module: Psychological Treatment Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult 44 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOC Q16.8 The goal of motivational interviewing is to __________. a) help the client resolve ambivalence about change and make a commitment to treatment b) identify aspects of the client's self or world that are not being acknowledged in their awareness Consider This: Although similar to older humanistic approaches, this therapy uses a more direct approach to explore the client's reasons for wanting to change. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. c) assist the client in being able to assess the rationality of their beliefs and to challenge personally held irrational beliefs Consider This: Although similar to older humanistic approaches, this therapy uses a more direct approach to explore the client's reasons for wanting to change. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. d) address interpersonal issues that are played out during the therapy session between the therapist and the client Consider This: Although similar to older humanistic approaches, this therapy uses a more direct approach to explore the client's reasons for wanting to change. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Module: Psychological Treatment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q16.9 __________ uses techniques such as clarification, confrontation, and interpretation to help the patient understand and correct the distortions that occur in his or her perception of other people. a) Transference-focused psychotherapy b) Rational emotive behavior therapy Consider This: This psychoanalytically orientated therapy has been used successfully in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. c) Dialectical behavior therapy Consider This: This psychoanalytically orientated therapy has been used successfully in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. d) Client-centered therapy Consider This: This psychoanalytically orientated therapy has been used successfully in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Module: Psychological Treatment 45 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q16.10 The focus of integrative behavioral couple therapy (IBCT) is to __________. a) help each member of the couple come to terms with and accept some of the limitations of his or her partner b) teach partners to resolve their own inner conflicts in a more constructive way through training in communication skills and adaptive problem solving Consider This: IBCT integrates acceptance strategies with change strategies. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. c) help the couple understand distortions that occur in their perception of each other Consider This: IBCT integrates acceptance strategies with change strategies. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. d) help the couple understand past familial roles they may be playing out in their current relationship Consider This: IBCT integrates acceptance strategies with change strategies. 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior. Module: Psychological Treatment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q16.11 Currently, there is no empirical evidence that racial discrepancies between clients and their therapists impact the efficacy of treatment. However, this lack of evidence should be interpreted with caution because __________. a) treatment studies tend to include relatively small numbers of minority participants, making it difficult to know if a true effect exists b) some therapists report that they feel more effective when working with clients of a different racial group Consider This: More studies are needed to better understand the impact of racial discrepancies between clients and their therapists. 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. c) some people think that therapists are less effective when working with clients of different racial groups Consider This: More studies are needed to better understand the impact of racial discrepancies between clients and their therapists. 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. d) treatment studies do not provide the opportunity to self-identify as a different racial group Consider This: More studies are needed to better understand the impact of racial discrepancies between clients and their therapists. 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. Answer: a 46 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. Module: Psychological Treatment Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q16.12 When treatments are __________, ethnic minorities are less likely to drop out of treatment and tend to do well. a) culturally adapted b) administered appropriately Consider This: Minority patients may experience unique symptoms or environments, making typical treatments inappropriate. 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. c) shortened Consider This: Minority patients may experience unique symptoms or environments, making typical treatments inappropriate. 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. d) lengthened Consider This: Minority patients may experience unique symptoms or environments, making typical treatments inappropriate. 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment. Module: Psychological Treatment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q16.13 Treatment with conventional antipsychotic medications such as chlorpromazine can cause patients to develop __________, which is __________. a) tardive dyskinesia; a movement abnormality b) bradykinesia; difficulty with maintaining posture and balance Consider This: This problem often shows up later in the course of treatment with first-generation antipsychotics. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. c) tachycardia; a faster than normal heart rate Consider This: This problem often shows up later in the course of treatment with first-generation antipsychotics. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. d) athetosis; difficulty swallowing or clearing the throat Consider This: This problem often shows up later in the course of treatment with first-generation antipsychotics. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Module: Psychological Treatment Skill Level: Understand 47 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q16.14 Benzodiazepines are a widely-used antianxiety drug that that helps reduce acute anxiety and agitation, and at high doses, help to treat insomnia. However, the use of benzodiazepines is associated with __________. a) psychological and physiological dependence alongside high relapse rates after discontinuation of the drug b) increasing symptoms of anxiety in the short-term Consider This: Buspar was created as an alternative to benzodiazepines, and it has a low potential for abuse compared to benzodiazepines. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. c) weight gain Consider This: Buspar was created as an alternative to benzodiazepines, and it has a low potential for abuse compared to benzodiazepines. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. d) tardive dyskinesia Consider This: Buspar was created as an alternative to benzodiazepines, and it has a low potential for abuse compared to benzodiazepines. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Module: Psychological Treatment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q16.15 Rhea has experienced severe and debilitating depression over the past 5 years keeping her from maintaining a job. Several treatments have been tried, but none of these treatments, including behavioral therapy and antidepressants, have been effective. Which novel treatment, although very invasive, may help reduce Rhea's symptoms and get her back to work? a) deep brain stimulation b) transcranial imaging stimulation Consider This: Of the 20 people who have received this treatment to help reduce their chronic and severe depressive symptoms, 50 percent have shown substantial improvements. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. c) bilateral electroconvulsive therapy Consider This: Of the 20 people who have received this treatment to help reduce their chronic and severe depressive symptoms, 50 percent have shown substantial improvements. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. d) prefrontal lobotomy Consider This: Of the 20 people who have received this treatment to help reduce their chronic and severe depressive symptoms, 50 percent have shown substantial improvements. 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior. 48 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Module: Psychological Treatment Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 17: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Learning Objective

Question Type

Introduction

Multiple Choice

Remember the Facts

Understand the Concepts

Apply What You Know

Analyze It

1, 12, 14

3, 4, 5, 6, 7

2, 11, 13

8, 9, 10

15, 16, 17

21, 22

23, 25, 27

24, 32

Short Answer Essay 17.1 Describe the importance Multiple Choice of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches Short Answer to prevention.

66, 67, 68

Essay 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs.

Multiple Choice

18, 20

Short Answer

69, 70, 71

Essay 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment.

Multiple Choice

28, 29, 30, 31

Short Answer

Essay 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians.

Multiple Choice

76 34, 35

Short Answer

33 74

Essay 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders.

Multiple Choice

37, 38, 39

Short Answer

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Essay 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity.

Multiple Choice

43, 45, 47, 48, 40, 41, 44, 53, 49, 51 54, 55

42, 46, 52

Short Answer Essay

17.7 Describe the national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health.

Multiple Choice

77 57, 58, 59

Short Answer

60, 61

Essay 17.8 Summarize the Multiple Choice challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary Short Answer societies. Essay

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Chapter 17: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The concepts of universal, selective, and indicated interventions were widely used by __________. a. psychodynamic therapists to describe ways of reducing neurotic anxiety b. city planners to describe ways of eliminating crime and other social problems c. public health experts to describe ways of preventing disease d. developmental psychologists to describe problems that occur in early, middle, and later childhood Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Topic: Perspectives on Prevention Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. Providing counseling support after a school shooting, in an effort to prevent subsequent mental illness, would be a(n) __________ intervention. a. universal b. selective c. indicated d. tertiary Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Topic: Perspectives on Prevention Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3. Universal interventions are concerned with two key tasks: __________ and __________. a. identifying people with a particular disorder; referring them for help b. providing timely therapy; evaluating its usefulness c. strengthening individuals’ psychological coping skills; improving their biological health d. altering conditions that cause disorders; establishing conditions that foster positive mental health Answer: d

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Topic: Universal Interventions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 4. Which of the following might be a component of a biologically based universal strategy for preventing mental illness? a. Identifying people with a particular disorder and referring them for help b. Determining whether or not there is a family history of mental illness c. Reducing the amount of high-fat junk food in diets d. Offering tuberculosis testing Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Topic: Universal Interventions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 5. Having skills for effective problem solving, possessing an accurate set of assumptions about oneself, and being prepared for problems one is likely to encounter at various life stages are all requirements for __________. a. cultural adjustment b. psychosocial health c. biological health d. being a candidate for deinstitutionalization Answer: b Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Topic: Universal Interventions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 6. Which of the following is a sociocultural effort toward universal prevention of mental disorders? a. Daycare b. Penal systems c. Private schools d. Universal health care Answer: d 4 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Topic: Universal Interventions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 7. A review of the research on reducing depression in children concludes that __________ programs are more effective than __________ programs in reducing the degree of symptoms associated with depression. a. psychosocial; biological b. biological; selective intervention c. universal; psychosocial d. selective intervention; universal Answer: d Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Topic: Selective Interventions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 8. Why has the attempt to reduce the drug supply from other countries not reduced the rate of adolescent substance abuse? a. Most smugglers are still able to find a way to bring drugs in. b. Local residents account for most of the illegal drug traffic. c. The drugs most abused by adolescents are alcohol and tobacco, which are easily available. d. Drug abusers are traveling to other countries to obtain their supply. Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Topic: Selective Interventions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 9. What intervention has been shown to significantly reduce teen alcohol use? a. Elementary school programs focused on the science of drug interactions b. Parental involvement and monitoring c. Television commercials warning about the dangers of drug use d. Messaging presented by police officers, local officials, and national celebrities Answer: d 5 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Topic: Selective Interventions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 10. Why have family-oriented alcohol prevention programs been developed? a. Teen views of alcohol typically reflect those of their parents. b. Most underage alcohol use occurs at home. c. Parents need to help their children resist peer pressure. d. Teen drinking frequently starts when problems in the home have become unmanageable. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Topic: Selective Interventions Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze it APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 11. Fourteen-year-old Chuck and 17-year-old Tyler attend a D.A.R.E. presentation at their high school. Based on evaluative research, how might the program influence the incidence of substance abuse by Chuck and Tyler? a. Chuck and Tyler will commit to abstaining from alcohol and other substances. b. Chuck will be less likely than Tyler to engage in substance abuse. c. Tyler will be less likely than Chuck to engage in alcohol or drug use. d. Chuck and Tyler will not be deterred from using alcohol or other drugs. Answer: d Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Topic: Selective Interventions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 12. Why are extracurricular strategies so important? a. They provide middle-class youth with a place to go. b. They provide counseling and medical attention after school. c. They provide a means of supervision and opportunity for high-risk teens. d. They provide an opportunity to meet with teachers and go over schoolwork. Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Topic: Selective Interventions 6 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 13. Dr. Lue says, “These projects have clearly shown a promising path toward reducing the extent of substance abuse in young people.” What is Dr. Lue talking about? a. Projects that combine multiple, varied intervention strategies b. Projects that involve the interdiction or reduction in supply of drugs c. Projects that contradict the movies and TV commercials that glamorize drugs d. Projects that use teachers to tell students why drugs are bad for their health Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Topic: Selective Interventions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 14. Indicated prevention emphasizes __________. a. education efforts to an entire population, regardless of the individual’s social situation b. the early detection and prompt treatment of maladaptive behavior in a person’s community setting c. teaching social skills and problem solving as a way of improving self-esteem d. genetic screening Answer: b Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Topic: Indicated Interventions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 15. What modification in a psychiatric unit has recently been shown to result in the greatest reduction in the need to use physical restraints? a. Regular integration of chemical restraints such as antidepressant medications b. Reducing sounds in the psychiatric environment c. Increasing the lighting in more areas of the psychiatric unit d. Encouraging staff members to carry a concealed handgun Answer: b Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Topic: The Mental Hospital as a Therapeutic Community Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 7 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 16. Which of the following is an element of milieu therapy? a. Systematic desensitization b. Encouraging patients to develop a do-it-yourself attitude c. Teaching social skills and problem solving d. Challenging irrational thoughts Answer: b Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Topic: The Mental Hospital as a Therapeutic Community Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 17. The concerted effort to shift the patient population from inpatient to outpatient care is referred to as __________. a. crisis intervention b. deinstitutionalization c. aftercare programs d. managed care initiatives Answer: b Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Topic: The Mental Hospital as a Therapeutic Community Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 18. Community-based facilities that provide aftercare are typically run by __________. a. the residents themselves b. mental health professionals c. trained paraprofessionals d. community activists Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Topic: Aftercare Programs Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

19. For which of the following individuals is aftercare likely to be helpful, because they will fit the services typically offered? a. Barron, who has a lengthy criminal record b. Diane, who has developed posttraumatic stress disorder after being attacked c. Niles, who has had several schizophrenic episodes d. Veronica, who has few psychological problems but frequently moves from place to place Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Topic: Aftercare Programs Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 20. In order for community-based aftercare for psychiatric patients to be successful, __________. a. there must be a crisis intervention component b. milieu methods must be used, rather than social-learning methods c. the facilities must be run by mental health professionals d. the staff must provide a secure environment Answer: d Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Topic: Aftercare Programs Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 21. Which of the following was an unforeseen consequence of deinstitutionalization? a. An increased demand on the welfare system b. Abuse of antipsychotic and anxiolytic medications c. A need for mental health services in the community d. A rise in homelessness Answer: d Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Topic: Aftercare Programs Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 22. The most recent research on deinstitutionalization found that __________. a. inpatient hospitalization has been increasing due to the failure to provide adequate care in the community 9 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. inpatient hospitalization has continued to decrease, despite an increase in resulting problems c. inpatient hospitalization has continued to decrease, and communities have stepped up their response to improve outpatient care d. inpatient hospitalization has been increasing due to increasing numbers of mentally ill patients Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Topic: Aftercare Programs Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 23. Although he has not committed a crime, Julian’s family is worried about his behavior. He is prone to violent outbursts, intentionally drove his car into a lamppost, and is threatening to hurt his children. What procedure provides the most safety to society and to Julian? a. Local police officers going to Julian’s home to formally arrest him b. Continued monitoring of Julian’s behavior by his family c. Encouraging Julian to agree to a civil commitment d. Requiring Julian to attend a weekly anger management program Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Topic: Civil Commitment Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 24. One difference between voluntary hospitalization and involuntary commitment is that people who are in the hospital voluntarily __________. a. need to be assessed as dangerous to themselves or others b. can, with sufficient notice, leave the hospital when they want to c. are eligible for aftercare services following treatment d. must be treated in the least restrictive environment Answer: b Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Topic: Civil Commitment Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 25. Which of the following individuals can be committed against their will to a psychiatric hospital?

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. Carlyle, who has schizophrenia and will not take her medications, because they make her feel ill b. Traci, who has schizophrenia and is homeless c. Anderson, who has schizophrenia and has been threatening to hurt people on the street d. All of them, because schizophrenia is a serious enough disorder for the person to be forced into the hospital Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Topic: Civil Commitment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 26. Once a person is committed to a mental hospital, __________. a. they must establish their sanity before they can be released b. they must participate in whatever treatment is prescribed c. the hospital must report to the court as to whether or not continued confinement is necessary d. the court establishes the minimum treatment necessary, as indicated by testimony from two examiners Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Topic: Civil Commitment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 27. Suppose a family is quite alarmed by the threatening behavior of a relative. They want to petition the court for commitment, but there is no time to get a court order. What option does the family have? a. None. They must wait until there is a court evaluation of the person’s dangerousness. b. They can ask the police to declare the person “insane.” c. After getting a physician to state that the person is dangerous, they can have the police pick up and detain the person for up to 72 hours. d. After getting a police officer to examine the person, they can require the person’s attendance in a crisis intervention program. Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Topic: Civil Commitment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

28. Once a person has been involuntarily committed to a mental institution, __________. a. they may refuse treatment b. they may refuse medication but not therapy c. they may refuse therapy but not medication d. they may not refuse treatment Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Topic: Civil Commitment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 29. Although the most disordered persons show no tendency toward violence, an increased risk of violence is likely among those who __________. a. are currently experiencing psychotic symptoms b. have been extremely emotionally rigid in the past c. have just experienced a natural or man-made form of disaster d. are religiously preoccupied Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Topic: Assessment of “Dangerousness” Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 30. Homicidal behavior amongst former patients is greatest with a diagnosis of __________. a. alcoholism b. bipolar depression c. major depression d. schizophrenia Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Topic: Assessment of “Dangerousness” Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 31. What is one of the best predictors of future violence? a. Compliance with treatment b. Past history of violence 12 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c. Family support d. Employment history Answer: b Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Topic: Assessment of “Dangerousness” Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 32. Predicting dangerousness is most comparable to __________. a. preparing a team for a sports competition b. reviewing for a comprehensive examination c. calculating your taxes at the end of the year d. preparing a weather forecast Answer: d Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Topic: Assessment of “Dangerousness” Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 33. Under what circumstances can a therapist violate a client’s confidence? a. When someone is in imminent danger b. When a crime has been committed several years ago c. Only when the client gives permission d. Never Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. Topic: Therapists and the Duty to Warn Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 34. What doctrine came out of the original Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California et al. case? a. Treatment in the least restrictive environment b. The duty to warn c. The right-versus-wrong principle in insanity cases d. The duty to protect Answer: b

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. Topic: Therapists and the Duty to Warn Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 35. In most states that have a Tarasoff-type rule, when a client threatens someone, a therapist must __________. a. make a reasonable effort to warn potential victims b. continue trying to warn potential victims until the therapist reaches them c. not break confidentiality d. warn as many people who know the client as possible Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. Topic: Therapists and the Duty to Warn Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 36. Which of the following statements accurately captures the current use of the Tarasoff ruling? a. All 50 states have explicitly affirmed the Tarasoff decision. b. The Tarasoff ruling has been abandoned in two-thirds of the United States. c. Confusion exists regarding the practitioner’s responsibility in upholding the Tarasoff ruling. d. Therapists are at low risk of a lawsuit if they fail to inform others of the risk their client poses. Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. Topic: Therapists and the Duty to Warn Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 37. What was the result of the 1972 ruling in the case Wyatt v. Stickney? a. Individuals with mental illness or intellectual disabilities have a right to receive treatment. b. The Tarasoff ruling has been abandoned in two-thirds of the United States. c. Individuals with mental illness or intellectual disabilities do not have a right to receive treatment.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. Therapists are at low risk of a lawsuit if they fail to inform others of the risk their client poses. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. Topic: Patients’ Rights Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 38. What was the critical patients’ rights Supreme Court ruling in the case of O’Conner v. Donaldson? a. Patients who are not dangerous to themselves or others can still be confined. b. Patients cannot be confined in a hospital against their will if they are not a risk to themselves or others. c. Individuals with mental illness or intellectual disabilities do not have a right to receive treatment. d. Patients released from state mental hospitals have a right to live in a community. Answer: b Learning Objective: 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. Topic: Patients’ Rights Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 39. What did the Supreme Court rule in the 1990 case Washington v. Harper? a. A prison can override a disturbed prisoner’s refusal of psychotropic medications. b. Individuals have a right to receive treatment in facilities other than mental institutions. c. Individuals have a right to refuse treatment. d. A patient can be kept in an institution only if there is demonstrable evidence that the patient needs to be institutionalized. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. Topic: Patients’ Rights Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 40. The underlying basis of the insanity defense is that __________. a. people who have a mental illness should not be punished

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b. people who have a mental illness cannot ever form the intent needed to commit a crime, so they shouldn’t be punished c. even if a criminal act was committed, a mentally ill person may lack moral blameworthiness, and so shouldn’t be punished d. even if they had the required intent for a crime, the mentally ill still shouldn’t be punished Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Topic: The Insanity Defense Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 41. What was unusual about the John Hinckley case? a. He used the not guilty by reason of sanity defense successfully. b. The public believed that he did not need to pay for his crime. c. He was successful in pleading the insanity defense. d. His petitions for release have been consistently denied. Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Topic: Notable NGRI Cases Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 42. An attorney says, “My client has a mental disorder that made it impossible, at the time of the crime, to have intended to do harm. Because of this, he is not legally responsible for his actions.” The attorney is arguing for __________. a. involuntary commitment b. the Tarasoff principle c. deinstitutionalization of his client d. an insanity defense Answer: d Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Topic: Notable NGRI Cases Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 43. Why should defense lawyers be cautious about using the insanity defense? a. It is rarely successful. b. Most defendants feign mental illness in order to escape punishment.

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c. Hospitalization is not an appropriate consequence for those who have committed violent crimes. d. No reason—it is frequently successful. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Topic: Notable NGRI Cases Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 44. A typical defense strategy to try to counteract public anger about the insanity defense is to __________. a. portray the defendant as someone who was themselves a victim b. portray the defendant as suffering terribly from their mental illness c. portray the defendant as tremendously likeable d. portray the victim as negatively as possible Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Topic: Notable NGRI Cases Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 45. According to the M’Naghten rule, insanity is defined as __________. a. failing to understand the consequences of one’s actions b. not knowing right from wrong c. acting on an irresistible impulse d. lacking the capacity to understand that an action violates the law Answer: b Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Topic: What Exactly Do We Mean by Insanity? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 46. Justin has schizophrenia, disorganized type. He has visual hallucinations, and one day he saw a giant bug standing in front of him. He picked up a large knife and stabbed it. In reality, Justin had stabbed his mother, who had come to tell him that dinner was ready. His lawyer argues that Justin cannot be found guilty because he had no idea what he was doing or that it was wrong. His lawyer is arguing the __________. a. M’Naghten rule b. Durham rule c. irresistible impulse rule 17 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d. American Law Institute standard Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Topic: What Exactly Do We Mean by Insanity? Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 47. What rule holds that because accused persons could not control their actions, they might not be responsible for them, even if they knew their actions were wrong? a. M’Naghten rule b. Durham rule c. Irresistible impulse rule d. American Law Institute standard Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Topic: What Exactly Do We Mean by Insanity? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 48. The Durham rule __________. a. made the criteria for establishing insanity more objective b. focused on the cause of an unlawful act c. established that an individual was sane unless they did not know right from wrong d. is often referred to as the “substantial capacity test” Answer: b Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Topic: What Exactly Do We Mean by Insanity? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 49. The broadest of the insanity rules is the __________. a. M’Naughten rule b. irresistible impulse rule c. Durham rule d. Federal Insanity Defense Reform Act Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Topic: What Exactly Do We Mean by Insanity? Difficulty Level: Moderate 18 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 50. Knowing right from wrong is to the __________ as “unlawful act was the product of mental disease” is to the __________. a. irresistible impulse rule; Durham rule b. M’Naghten rule; Durham rule c. Durham rule; M’Naghten rule d. M’Naghten rule; irresistible impulse rule Answer: b Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Topic: What Exactly Do We Mean by Insanity? Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 51. Which of the following was a result of the Federal Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984? a. It became much easier for defendants to quality for the insanity defense. b. The act narrowed the definition of insanity to the “product test” (the Durham rule). c. The act abolished the “knowing right from wrong” principle. d. The act put the burden of proof on the defense. Answer: d Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Topic: What Exactly Do We Mean by Insanity? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 52. Which of the following individuals has the best chance of successfully pleading not guilty by reason of insanity? a. Derrick, who is depressed, has never been hospitalized, and murdered his wife b. Patrick, who has schizophrenia, was in the hospital once a long time ago, and murdered three former co-workers c. Leanne, who has bipolar disorder, has never been hospitalized, and tried to murder a stranger d. Cecilia, who has schizophrenia, has been in and out of hospitals all her life, and tried to break the arm of a romantic rival Answer: d Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Topic: What Exactly Do We Mean by Insanity? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 19 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 53. The verdict of “guilty but mentally ill” means that people with mental illness who are found guilty of a crime __________. a. are put in jail, but in a special section b. get shorter sentences c. go to jail, but get mental health treatment while in jail d. go to the hospital until they are better, then go to jail to serve out their sentence Answer: d Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Topic: What Exactly Do We Mean by Insanity? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 54. What factor is most likely to be weighed in determining whether an individual is competent to stand trial? a. Level of education attained b. Socioeconomic status c. Decision-making capability d. Level of anxiety Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Topic: Competence to Stand Trial Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 55. What percentage of inmates with significant mental health problems return to prison sooner than those without mental health problems? a. 8 percent b. 15 percent c. 23 percent d. 36 percent Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Topic: Mental Health Problems and Recidivism Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 56. Why did World War II lead to a greater recognition of the pervasiveness of mental illness? 20 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

a. Over 70 percent of veterans suffered from either PTSD or substance abuse after the war. b. Many women developed psychiatric conditions when they were left to raise families and make a living on their own. c. Two out of seven potential military recruits were rejected for psychiatric reasons. d. The military was unable to provide adequate mental health services to men in the field. Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.7 Describe the national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Topic: Organized Efforts for Mental Health Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 57. __________ funds research on mental disorders and assists communities in establishing effective mental health services. a. The National Association for Mental Health (NAMH) b. The American Psychological Association (APA) c. Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) d. The National Institute on Mental Health (NIMH) Answer: d Learning Objective: 17.7 Describe the national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Topic: The Federal Government and Mental Health Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 58. Most of the National Institute on Mental Health’s programs are __________. a. actually planned and run by state and local organizations b. actually focused on the prevention of crime rather than mental disorder c. designed, controlled, and implemented by the federal government d. much larger and better funded than they were in the 1960s and 1970s Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.7 Describe the national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Topic: The Federal Government and Mental Health Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 59. What is an important function of organizations such as the American Psychological Association, the American Psychological Society, and the American Medical Association? a. They fund most of the treatment and prevention research done in the United States. 21 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

b. They draw up the policies that determine which clients get treatment and for what duration. c. They set and maintain professional and ethical standards. d. They control forensic issues such as the insanity defense and the policies for committing patients against their will. Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.7 Describe the national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Topic: Professional Organizations and Mental Health Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 60. What do the National Association for Mental Health, the Arc, and Mental Health America have in common? a. They provide training for psychologists and psychiatrists. b. They are government-funded organizations that do research on mental disorders and related problems. c. They try to improve services and educate the government and public about various problems. d. They increase awareness of work-related stress and its impact on mental health. Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.7 Describe the national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Topic: The Role of Volunteer Organizations and Agencies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 61. Which of the following is a true statement about the use of mental health resources in private industry? a. Private industry typically does not acknowledge the importance of mental health– promoting factors in the workplace, and therefore dramatically underutilizes mental health resources. b. Primary prevention programs have been routinely used in private industry for many decades. c. Many companies have recently begun providing psychological services through employee assistance programs. d. Psychological services are provided on an extremely limited basis, even at the most elite private corporations. Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.7 Describe the national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Topic: Mental Health Resources in Private Industry Difficulty Level: Moderate 22 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 62. According to your textbook, which of the following individuals is at the greatest risk of mental health problems originating in the workplace? a. Anthony, a Wall Street stock trader b. William, an assembly line autoworker c. Delinda, a college professor d. Jack, the CEO of a financial planning organization Answer: c Learning Objective: 17.7 Describe the national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Topic: Mental Health Resources in Private Industry Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 63. The history of abnormal psychology makes it clear that __________. a. the field can be profoundly changed and improved through individual effort b. international efforts in dealing with mental disorders are doomed to failure because there is no agreement on the definition of “disorder” c. more domestic and fewer international efforts are needed. d. we are no further along today in understanding mental disorders than we were in the time of Pinel, Dix, and Beers Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. Topic: The Individual’s Contribution Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 64. Which of the following individuals is demonstrating the highest level of personal responsibility in assisting society with mental health issues? a. Nick, who serves as a volunteer in the local community health center b. Nancy, who is working a second job at the local grocery store c. Kyle, who takes time off each year to hike a trail in a different country d. Marla, who donates to the annual firemen’s fund Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. Topic: The Individual’s Contribution Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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65. What rule prohibits psychiatrists from offering diagnostic opinions on people they have never examined in a professional context? a. The Nixon rule b. The Goldwater rule c. The Clinton rule d. The Trump rule Answer: b Learning Objective: 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. Topic: The Individual’s Contribution Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. SHORT ANSWER 66. Name and briefly describe the three subcategories of preventive interventions. Answer: 1. Universal: efforts aimed at influencing the general population. 2. Selective: efforts aimed at specific subgroups that are considered to be at risk for developing mental health problems. 3. Indicated: efforts directed at high-risk individuals who have been identified as having minimal symptoms of a mental disorder but who do not meet criteria for clinical diagnosis. Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Topic: Perspectives on Prevention Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 67. Define the three requirements for psychosocial health. Answer: Developing the skills needed for problem solving and relating to others, having an accurate frame of reference on which to build an identity, and being prepared for the types of problems one is likely to encounter. Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Topic: Universal Interventions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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68. What are the three strategies that the United States government has used to address the drug abuse problem? How effective have these strategies been? Answer: Reducing the supply of drugs, providing treatment for those with substance abuse or dependence, and encouraging prevention are all approaches that have been taken to combat the “drug problem.” All have been found to be insufficient. Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Topic: Selective Interventions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 69. What principles guide the approach called milieu therapy? Answer: Staff in psychiatric hospitals communicate both negative and positive feedback to patients to encourage appropriate actions. Patients are encouraged to participate in decisions concerning them. There is self-government. Group cohesiveness is encouraged so that patients feel supported and group pressure exerts control over patient behavior. Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Topic: The Mental Hospital as a Therapeutic Community Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 70. What have been some of the negative effects of deinstitutionalization? Answer: Despite the well-meaning intentions of the movement to release the mentally ill from inpatient facilities, this has led to many negative consequences. Many went from institutions to the streets, with little or no care. The community-based services that were to be available to this population were not there at all, or were insufficient. Many of the mentally ill do not receive the care that they desperately need. Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Topic: The Mental Hospital as a Therapeutic Community Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 71. What are aftercare programs? Who is least likely to benefit from such programs?

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Answer: Aftercare programs are designed to facilitate adjustment back into the community following hospitalization. Typically, these are community-based live-in programs that help ease the former patient back into society. Those who have a criminal history or who tend to be transient tend not to do well in aftercare programs. Interestingly, those who have less severe symptoms may also not do well, as facility staff do not recognize that they need assistance as much as those with more severe symptoms. Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Topic: Aftercare Programs Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 72. In addition to mental illness, what conditions must be met in most states for someone to be involuntarily committed? Answer: Dangerous to self or others, incapable of providing for basic needs, unable to make responsible treatment decisions about hospitalization, and in need of treatment in a hospital. Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Topic: Involuntary Commitment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 73. What factors increase the risk of violence in someone with mental illness? Answer: A history of violent behavior, psychotic symptoms, antisocial personality disorder, alcoholism, and situational factors. Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Topic: Assessment of “Dangerousness” Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 74. What was the 1976 California Supreme Court revised opinion of the Tarasoff decision? Answer: The court issued a revision to include a “duty to warn doctrine.” This meant that the duty was to protect, rather than to warn, the prospective victim. Learning Objective: 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. Topic: Therapists and the Duty to Warn Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 26 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 75. What can organizations incorporate into their culture in order to mitigate the negative impact from the specific mental health risk factors in work situations? Answer: Companies can create employee assistance programs (EAPs) in order to actively provide mental health services to employees and family members. Learning Objective: 17.7 Describe the national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Topic: Mental Health Resources in Private Industry Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. ESSAY 76. What is the importance of the Tarasoff case? Answer: This ruling established the legal obligation for a mental health professional to violate confidentiality in order to warn someone that a client has threatened to harm them. In Tarasoff II, the duty to warn was changed to the duty to protect a prospective victim. The duty to protect may be discharged if the therapist makes “reasonable efforts” to inform potential victims and an appropriate law enforcement agency of the pending threat. However, numerous other lawsuits in other jurisdictions have been adjudicated in confusing and inconsistent ways. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total. Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Topic: Involuntary Commitment Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 77. Explain three principles that are commonly used to define insanity when a crime is committed. How is insanity most commonly defined today? Answer: The M’Naghten rule emphasizes not knowing right from wrong at the time of the crime, while the irresistible impulse rule holds that the person is not responsible if they could not avoid committing the act in question. The Durham rule, or “product test,” says that the accused is not criminally responsible if the unlawful act was the product of a mental disease or defect. Thus we see a movement from not knowing right from wrong, to an emphasis on thought processes, to establishing that some illness was the cause of the behavior. Over time, the insanity defense has become more difficult to use, as a consequence of a number of controversial cases. Today, the burden of proof is on the defense; it must establish that the defendant is insane, as opposed to the prosecution. Most states today employ the M’Naghten rule or the American Law Institute (ALI) Standard. The ALI standard requires a combination 27 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

of M’Naghten and irresistible impulse—the individual must not know right from wrong and be moved by an irresistible impulse. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 2 points each for 3 principles, 4 points for status of insanity today. Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Topic: What Exactly Do We Mean by Insanity? Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 78. What is the Goldwater Rule and how is it applied in modern America? Answer: When Barry Goldwater was running for president in the mid-1960s, a magazine placed him on its cover and suggested that he was psychologically unfit to be president. Goldwater sued the magazine for libel. In 1973, as a result of the Goldwater incident, the American Psychiatric Association created the Goldwater rule, which prohibits psychiatrists from offering diagnostic opinions on people they have never professionally examined. The Goldwater rule was brought to the forefront and challenged when, in 2017, 35 mental health professionals signed and published a letter questioning President Donald Trump’s mental health and fitness for the presidency. Professionals today suggest that the Goldwater rule should be reformulated as the Goldwater Guideline, so that it complements “the duty to inform.” GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 5 points for defining the rule, 5 points for application. Learning Objective: 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. Topic: The Individual’s Contribution Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module Quiz 17.1: Perspectives on Prevention EOM Q17.1.1 Prevention efforts that are aimed at a specific subgroup of the population considered at-risk for developing mental health problems are called __________ interventions. a) selective b) universal Consider This: An example of such subgroups might be adolescents or ethnic minorities. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. c) indicated Consider This: An example of such subgroups might be adolescents or ethnic minorities. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. d) tertiary Consider This: An example of such subgroups might be adolescents or ethnic minorities. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Module: Perspectives on Prevention Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q17.1.2 Dr. Wilcox is working with a government agency to implement psychosocial strategies aimed at enhancing the psychosocial health of a community's residents. What would be the first requirement for such psychosocial health? a) helping people develop skills needed for effective problem solving, expressing emotions effectively, and engaging in satisfying relationships with others b) helping people acquire accurate frames of reference upon which to build their identities Consider This: If these capabilities are not established, people will have difficulty in dealing with stressors and risk factors associated with mental illnesses. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. c) helping people to be adequately prepared for the kinds of problems that they are likely to encounter at different life stages Consider This: If these capabilities are not established, people will have difficulty in dealing with stressors and risk factors associated with mental illnesses. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) helping people make sure that they have the necessary education and training to hold a job that pays an adequate wage Consider This: If these capabilities are not established, people will have difficulty in dealing with stressors and risk factors associated with mental illnesses. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Module: Perspectives on Prevention Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q17.1.3 It is increasingly agreed upon that __________ is/are the most effective in preventing complex problems, including adolescent drug and alcohol use. a) multicomponent programs b) D.A.R.E. Consider This: One such program seeks to address adolescents' academic and social-emotional development. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. c) family-therapy Consider This: One such program seeks to address adolescents' academic and social-emotional development. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. d) school-based programs Consider This: One such program seeks to address adolescents' academic and social-emotional development. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Module: Perspectives on Prevention Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q17.1.4 Increasingly, there are public health campaigns involving TV commercials and advertisements that seek to promote exercising, eating healthy, and decreasing general stress. These programs are promoting good health habits to improve physical well-being. This kind of intervention is considered __________. a) universal b) selective Consider This: This campaign is targeted at the general public. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. c) indicated Consider This: This campaign is targeted at the general public. 17.1 Describe the importance of 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. d) tertiary Consider This: This campaign is targeted at the general public. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Module: Perspectives on Prevention Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 17.2: Inpatient Mental Health Treatment EOM Q17.2.1 A live-in facility that serves as a home base for former hospital patients as they transition back to independent functioning in the community is called a(n) __________ program. a) aftercare b) secondary Consider This: These are facilities, often run by residents, which help reduce the number of relapses that occur after intensive inpatient treatment is no longer needed. 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. c) step-by-step Consider This: These are facilities, often run by residents, which help reduce the number of relapses that occur after intensive inpatient treatment is no longer needed. 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. d) tertiary care Consider This: These are facilities, often run by residents, which help reduce the number of relapses that occur after intensive inpatient treatment is no longer needed. 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Module: Inpatient Mental Health Treatment Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q17.2.2 Over the past four decades, there have been __________ patients living in psychiatric hospitals than there were previously. a) fewer b) more Consider This: Deinstitutionalization influenced this trend. 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. c) more severe Consider This: Deinstitutionalization influenced this trend. 17.2 Explain the role played by 31 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. d) less severe Consider This: Deinstitutionalization influenced this trend. 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Module: Inpatient Mental Health Treatment Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q17.2.3 Troy has been struggling with depression for the past few months. It recently became worse as he stopped attending his classes, had a big fight with his roommate, and was dumped by his boyfriend for not returning his calls. He became so overwhelmed, that he told his resident advisor that he had nothing to live for and he is planning to kill himself. Which of the following represents the type of psychiatric care that Troy will likely receive given his symptoms? a) inpatient care at a psychiatric hospital b) residential care at a psychiatric hospital Consider This: This form of treatment is indicated when symptoms are so severe that patients are unable to care for themselves or when patients are considered at risk to themselves or someone else. 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. c) community-based treatment through an aftercare program Consider This: This form of treatment is indicated when symptoms are so severe that patients are unable to care for themselves or when patients are considered at risk to themselves or someone else. 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. d) outpatient treatment Consider This: This form of treatment is indicated when symptoms are so severe that patients are unable to care for themselves or when patients are considered at risk to themselves or someone else. 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Module: Inpatient Mental Health Treatment Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 17.3: Involuntary Commitment EOM Q17.3.1 Which of the following scenarios could lead to sufficient grounds for involuntary commitment? a) A patient does not want to be hospitalized, but they are in a manic state and frequently engaging in dangerous behaviors (e.g., standing on the top of a tall building and saying they can fly). b) A patient does not want to be hospitalized, but they are using alcohol frequently and they are 32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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not able to quit drinking despite trying to several times. Consider This: Mental illness is not sufficient grounds for placing a patient in a psychiatric hospital against their will. Other criteria must also be met. 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. c) A patient does not want to be hospitalized, but they are in a severe episode of depression and they only get up to use the bathroom and get one meal a day. Consider This: Mental illness is not sufficient grounds for placing a patient in a psychiatric hospital against their will. Other criteria must also be met. 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. d) A patient does not want to be hospitalized, but they are on the internet gaming constantly, and they were recently fired for missing too many days of work. Consider This: Mental illness is not sufficient grounds for placing a patient in a psychiatric hospital against their will. Other criteria must also be met. 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Module: Involuntary Commitment Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q17.3.2 Why have most states instituted safeguards to ensure due process for people who are subject to a petition for civil commitment? a) because civil commitment is based on the conclusions of others about a person's capabilities or potential for dangerous actions b) because people in such a circumstance are unable to afford their own legal representation Consider This: Commitment procedures for a person who is intellectually disabled are different from those for a person whose problem is alcohol abuse. 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. c) because there is no question whether the person committed the crime of which they are accused, only whether they were mentally competent at the time the crime occurred Consider This: Commitment procedures for a person who is intellectually disabled are different from those for a person whose problem is alcohol abuse. 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. d) because research has found a very hostile bias on the part of judges and juries against the people who are subject to such petitions Consider This: Commitment procedures for a person who is intellectually disabled are different from those for a person whose problem is alcohol abuse. 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Module: Involuntary Commitment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

EOM Q17.3.3 When attempting to demonstrate that a person poses a risk of engaging in behaviors that could be dangerous to themselves or others, what is one of the most predictive risk factors? a) a past history of violence b) discontinuation of mood-stabilizing medications Consider This: Clinicians are not always able to unearth this type of background information. 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. c) a history of interest in violent media (e.g., television, video games, comic books) Consider This: Clinicians are not always able to unearth this type of background information. 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. d) an education below the eighth grade level Consider This: Clinicians are not always able to unearth this type of background information. 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Module: Involuntary Commitment Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q17.3.4 A psychologist is asked to provide expert testimony regarding whether they believe a patient might be dangerous to themselves or someone else in the future. The psychologist is likely to __________. a) over-predict their level of dangerousness b) accurately predict their level of dangerousness Consider This: Predicting dangerous behaviors inherently contains a level of uncertainty because they are often situationally dependent. 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. c) under-predict their level of dangerousness Consider This: Predicting dangerous behaviors inherently contains a level of uncertainty because they are often situationally dependent. 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. d) report being unable to accurately predict their level of dangerousness Consider This: Predicting dangerous behaviors inherently contains a level of uncertainty because they are often situationally dependent. 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Module: Involuntary Commitment Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate

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End of Module Quiz 17.4: Therapists and the Duty to Warn EOM Q17.4.1 As a result of a court case in California, the duty-to-warn rule—also called the __________ ruling (after the plaintiff in the case)—specified a therapist's responsibility in cases where there has been an explicit threat on a specific person's life. a) Tarasoff b) Poddar Consider This: In this case the parents of a woman killed by her boyfriend sued her college, claiming that enough had not been done to protect their daughter. 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. c) University of California Consider This: In this case the parents of a woman killed by her boyfriend sued her college, claiming that enough had not been done to protect their daughter. 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. d) WIC-5150 Consider This: In this case the parents of a woman killed by her boyfriend sued her college, claiming that enough had not been done to protect their daughter. 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. Module: Therapists and the Duty to Warn Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q17.4.2 Which of the following best describes current practices regarding therapists' "duty to warn"? a) Which of the following best describes current practices regarding therapists' "duty to warn"? b) All 50 states have adopted a clear duty to warn law. Consider This: Many health professionals believe that strict confidentiality between client and clinician is an absolute necessity. 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. c) All but one state, Maryland, have adopted a duty to warn law. Consider This: Many health professionals believe that strict confidentiality between client and clinician is an absolute necessity. 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. d) Duty to warn is discretionary in all states. Consider This: Many health professionals believe that strict confidentiality between client and clinician is an absolute necessity. 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. Module: Therapists and the Duty to Warn Skill Level: Understand 35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q17.4.3 Today, __________ understand the laws in their state regarding duty-to-protect laws. a) a minority of practicing clinicians b) a majority of practicing clinicians Consider This: Therapists are at a great risk of a lawsuit for failing to deal with this issue appropriately. 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. c) all practicing clinicians Consider This: Therapists are at a great risk of a lawsuit for failing to deal with this issue appropriately. 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. d) a minority of lawyers Consider This: Therapists are at a great risk of a lawsuit for failing to deal with this issue appropriately. 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. Module: Therapists and the Duty to Warn Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 17.5: Patients’ Rights EOM Q17.5.1 Results of Wyatt v. Stickney led to which of the following rights of patients, helping to decrease the degree to which state hospitals were more of a holding facility than a place of therapy and care? a) the right to receive treatment b) the right to refuse treatment Consider This: This law prevented hospitals from serving as more of a warehouse than a treatment facility. 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. c) the right to receive compensation for work Consider This: This law prevented hospitals from serving as more of a warehouse than a treatment facility. 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. d) the right to sue a hospital doing a poor job Consider This: This law prevented hospitals from serving as more of a warehouse than a treatment facility. 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. Module: Patients’ Rights Skill Level: Understand 36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q17.5.2 Dana, age 28, is receiving inpatient treatment after a severe episode of depression. Partway through treatment, she learns that her mother is sick and Dana now wants to leave treatment to be with her. Although she is still experiencing substantial symptoms of depression, she can take care of herself and is not a danger to anyone. Her treatment team believes that she needs more treatment, and they advise that she does not leave treatment until it is completed. Which of the following represents what will most likely happen to Dana? a) Because of the right to refuse treatment, she will be allowed to leave the treatment facility within 72 hours. b) Because of the need for confinement, she will not be allowed to leave the treatment facility until her treatment is completed. Consider This: Certain kinds of evidence are needed to keep patients in psychiatric facilities against their will. 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. c) Because of the right to receive treatment, she will not be allowed to leave the treatment facility until her treatment team believes she has shown substantial improvement. Consider This: Certain kinds of evidence are needed to keep patients in psychiatric facilities against their will. 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. d) The decision will depend on how well she conveys her desires to her treatment team. Consider This: Certain kinds of evidence are needed to keep patients in psychiatric facilities against their will. 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. Module: Patients’ Rights Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q17.5.3 __________ ruling states that patients cannot be held within a hospital against their will if there is clear and convincing evidence that they are not dangerous to themselves or to others. a) The freedom from custodial confinement b) The right to live in a community Consider This: This was first decided in the case of O'Connor v. Donaldson in 1975. 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. c) The right to receive treatment Consider This: This was first decided in the case of O'Connor v. Donaldson in 1975. 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. d) The right to refuse psychotropic treatment Consider This: This was first decided in the case of O'Connor v. Donaldson in 1975. 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. Answer: a 37 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. Module: Patients’ Rights Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 17.6: The Insanity Defense EOM Q17.6.1 Which fundamental principle underlies the insanity defense? a) People who cannot comprehend or control their criminal behavior should not be punished. b) People who cannot comprehend or control their criminal behavior should be provided with less severe punishments. Consider This: This underlies the legal term: not guilty by reason of insanity. 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. c) People who cannot comprehend or control their criminal behavior should not be punished, unless they commit a serious crime (e.g., murder). Consider This: This underlies the legal term: not guilty by reason of insanity. 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. d) People who cannot comprehend or control their criminal behavior should not be punished, and they have the right to refuse treatment as desired. Consider This: This underlies the legal term: not guilty by reason of insanity. 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Module: The Insanity Defense Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q17.6.2 Under the __________, the accused is considered not criminally responsible for their unlawful actions if it was due to their mental illness. This rule has been abandoned by all states except New Hampshire because it is quite broad. a) Durham rule b) irresistible impulse rule Consider This: Colloquially, this is referred to as the "product test." 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. c) American Law Institute standard Consider This: Colloquially, this is referred to as the "product test." 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. d) federal insanity defense reform ACT Consider This: Colloquially, this is referred to as the "product test." 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Answer: a 38 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Module: The Insanity Defense Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q17.6.3 The irresistible impulse rule holds that someone may not be responsible for their acts even if they knew at the time of the criminal behavior __________, if __________. a) what they were doing was wrong; they lost power to control their actions b) what they were doing was wrong; their behavior was a product of their mental illness Consider This: This rule does not require a core tenet of the M'Naghten rule. 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. c) what they were doing was illegal; they could not conform their behavior to the law's requirements Consider This: This rule does not require a core tenet of the M'Naghten rule. 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. d) what they were doing was illegal; they truly believed they should do it Consider This: This rule does not require a core tenet of the M'Naghten rule. 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Module: The Insanity Defense Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 17.7: Organized Efforts for Mental Health EOM Q17.7.1 What agency formed in 1946 in Washington, D.C., was originally designed to conduct research and training, administer grants for such activities elsewhere in the country, and help state and local communities improve their own attempts to provide services? a) National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) b) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Consider This: Today this agency is a separate organization under the National Institutes of Health within the Department of Health and Human Services. 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. c) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Consider This: Today this agency is a separate organization under the National Institutes of Health within the Department of Health and Human Services. 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. d) Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Consider This: Today this agency is a separate organization under the National Institutes of Health within the Department of Health and Human Services. 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Module: Organized Efforts for Mental Health Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q17.7.2 Aimee has just graduated from college, and wants to spend a few years volunteering in her community before she goes on to graduate school. After doing some research, she finds an organization that was founded by Clifford Beers in 1909. She's particularly interested in the group's emphasis on recruiting, training, and placing volunteers for service in treatment and aftercare programs. What is this group that Aimee is going to join? a) Mental Health America b) the Alliance for the Mentally Ill (AMI) Consider This: This group has acted as a friend of the court (amicus curiae) in efforts to establish the various rights of mental patients. 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. c) the National Institute on the Teaching of Psychology (NITOP) Consider This: This group has acted as a friend of the court (amicus curiae) in efforts to establish the various rights of mental patients. 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. d) the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Consider This: This group has acted as a friend of the court (amicus curiae) in efforts to establish the various rights of mental patients. 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Module: Organized Efforts for Mental Health Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q17.7.3 Which volume, published by the World Health Organization, enables clinicians and researchers in different countries to use a uniform set of diagnostic categories? a) the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) b) the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Consider This: A new edition of this resource is scheduled for 2018. 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. c) the Worldwide Psychopathology Index (WPI) Consider This: A new edition of this resource is scheduled for 2018. 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. d) the Transcultural Categorization of Mental Illness (TCMI) Consider This: A new edition of this resource is scheduled for 2018. 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Module: Organized Efforts for Mental Health Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q17.7.4 Larger corporations provide __________ in order to actively provide mental health services to employees and their family members. a) employee assistance programs (EAPs) b) health maintenance organizations (HMOs) Consider This: Psychological difficulties can contribute to absenteeism, accident proneness, poor productivity, and high job turnover. 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. c) managed health care Consider This: Psychological difficulties can contribute to absenteeism, accident proneness, poor productivity, and high job turnover. 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. d) social services Consider This: Psychological difficulties can contribute to absenteeism, accident proneness, poor productivity, and high job turnover. 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Module: Organized Efforts for Mental Health Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy End of Module Quiz 17.8: Challenges for the Future EOM Q17.8.1 According to a 2006 report by the Institute of Medicine, only __________ percent of those who face substance abuse or dependency and __________ percent of people with serious mental illness actually receive treatment for their problems. a) 20; 40 b) 5; 25 Consider This: If mental health problems are going to be reduced or eliminated, it is imperative that more effective planning be done at community, national, and international levels. 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. c) 30; 60 Consider This: If mental health problems are going to be reduced or eliminated, it is imperative that more effective planning be done at community, national, and international levels. 17.8 41 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. d) 50; 75 Consider This: If mental health problems are going to be reduced or eliminated, it is imperative that more effective planning be done at community, national, and international levels. 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. Module: Challenges for the Future Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q17.8.2 After learning about the low rates of treatment among people with mental health problems, Frankie realizes she wants to help. However, she does not want to give up her dream of becoming a biologist. Through which of the following ways could Frankie still pursue this issue? a) She could start volunteering at a mental hospital or community mental health center in her spare time. b) To help, she must switch fields and pursue clinical psychology. Consider This: Familiarizing yourself with national and international resources and programs could help you discover ways to get involved with this issue. 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. c) One person cannot really make a difference, so she should focus her energy on a more manageable issue. Consider This: Familiarizing yourself with national and international resources and programs could help you discover ways to get involved with this issue. 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. d) To help, she must switch fields and pursue psychiatry. Consider This: Familiarizing yourself with national and international resources and programs could help you discover ways to get involved with this issue. 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. Module: Challenges for the Future Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q17.8.3 Kiera is a sophomore in college who is going through a really difficult semester. Her grandmother passed away, she is extremely busy as she is in five classes and all of them seem to have unrelenting workloads, and she feels distant from all of her friends. She has been feeling sad and empty for a few weeks, and she's not sure what to do. She knows that she is struggling, 42 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

but her difficulties do not feel as severe as others she's known who sought mental health treatment. Which of the following is true about whether or not she should seek mental health care? a) Starting to see a therapist could help her gain skills to get through this difficult and stressful time. b) If she tries to see a therapist they will tell her that her problems are not severe enough to require therapy. Consider This: Mental health difficulties can happen to anyone if stressors are severe enough. 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. c) If she tries to see a therapist, she will have to tell her parents. Consider This: Mental health difficulties can happen to anyone if stressors are severe enough. 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. d) It is shameful to start seeing a therapist when going through normal stressors like this. Consider This: Mental health difficulties can happen to anyone if stressors are severe enough. 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. Module: Challenges for the Future Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Chapter Quiz: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology EOC Q17.1 Susan is the director of a federally funded program that assists at-risk teens with building communication skills, enhancing academic skills, and exploring career possibilities. As what type of Institute of Medicine (IOM) strategy would Susan's program be classified? a) a selective intervention b) an indicated intervention Consider This: These interventions are preventive and aimed at a specific subgroup of the population considered at risk for developing mental health problems. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. c) a universal intervention Consider This: These interventions are preventive and aimed at a specific subgroup of the population considered at risk for developing mental health problems. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. d) an affiliative intervention Consider This: These interventions are preventive and aimed at a specific subgroup of the population considered at risk for developing mental health problems. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Answer: a 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Module: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q17.2 Imagine there is a survey asking about drug and alcohol use that every sophomore student at your college must complete. Students who are currently using alcohol and other substances, and who experience interference in daily life because of this substance use, are chosen to complete an anonymous intervention program involving completion of online sessions. The goal of the intervention is to decrease continued use and prevent the use of other drugs. What type of intervention program is this an example of? a) indicated intervention b) selective intervention Consider This: This type of intervention seeks to reduce the impact and/or duration of a problem that people are already experiencing. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. c) universal intervention Consider This: This type of intervention seeks to reduce the impact and/or duration of a problem that people are already experiencing. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. d) psychosocial intervention Consider This: This type of intervention seeks to reduce the impact and/or duration of a problem that people are already experiencing. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Module: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q17.3 Effectiveness studies have found that the Drug Abuse Resistance Education Program (D.A.R.E.) __________. a) has limited success in deterring substance use b) is effective with deterring substance use during the middle school years but not during high school and beyond Consider This: D.A.R.E. involves police officers working with students in local school districts. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. c) has an overall positive influence in deterring substance use Consider This: D.A.R.E. involves police officers working with students in local school districts. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. 44 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) more effective with girls than with boys in deterring substance use Consider This: D.A.R.E. involves police officers working with students in local school districts. 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention. Module: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q17.4 In some cases, inpatient treatments focus on creating a therapeutic community in which all aspects of the environment are considered a component of the treatment. This is referred to as __________. a) milieu therapy b) aftercare therapy Consider This: This treatment emphasizes clear staff expectations, positive and negative reinforcement to shape behaviors, and patient involvement in their treatment. 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. c) community therapy Consider This: This treatment emphasizes clear staff expectations, positive and negative reinforcement to shape behaviors, and patient involvement in their treatment. 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. d) psychosocial therapy Consider This: This treatment emphasizes clear staff expectations, positive and negative reinforcement to shape behaviors, and patient involvement in their treatment. 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Module: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q17.5 Given the relatively high rates of readmission to inpatient hospitals, __________ was/were created to facilitate continuity of care and help smooth the transition from this high level of psychiatric care to community living. a) aftercare programs b) social skills training Consider This: These have been shown to reduce the number of patient relapses. 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. c) milieu therapy Consider This: These have been shown to reduce the number of patient relapses. 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. 45 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

d) readjustment therapy Consider This: These have been shown to reduce the number of patient relapses. 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Module: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q17.6 Community-based treatment often involves residential programs that are run by __________. a) the residents themselves b) trained mental health clinicians Consider This: These programs serve as a home base for former inpatients as they transition back to the community. 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. c) trained paraprofessionals called Human Services Workers Consider This: These programs serve as a home base for former inpatients as they transition back to the community. 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. d) state supported social services agencies Consider This: These programs serve as a home base for former inpatients as they transition back to the community. 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs. Module: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q17.7 Persons who are judged to be dangerous based on their psychological state may, through the process of a __________, be confined in a hospital for psychiatric care. a) civil commitment b) restraining order Consider This: This process varies according to state law and available community mental health resources. 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. c) competency commitment Consider This: This process varies according to state law and available community mental health resources. 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. d) competency detainment Consider This: This process varies according to state law and available community mental health resources. 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Answer: a 46 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Learning Objective: 17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment. Module: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q17.8 Which of the following is most likely to help reduce rates of mental illness in the U.S.? a) in addition to work in treatments and prevention programs, working to reduce international conflicts and tensions b) primarily focusing our efforts on identifying novel treatment approaches for mental illness Consider This: Bettering conditions for people everywhere would likely involve and contribute to promoting mental health and well-being. 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. c) primarily focusing our efforts on predicting who will experience mental illness Consider This: Bettering conditions for people everywhere would likely involve and contribute to promoting mental health and well-being. 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. d) rather than designing and testing new treatments, focusing efforts on reducing political conflict in the U.S. Consider This: Bettering conditions for people everywhere would likely involve and contribute to promoting mental health and well-being. 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. Module: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q17.9 Which of the following most accurately describes the number of people receiving treatment for mental illness? a) Only a minority of people in the U.S. receive treatment for their symptoms of mental illness. b) Most people in the U.S. receive treatment for their symptoms of mental illness. Consider This: Even fewer people seek treatment for substance use problems compared to serious mental illnesses. 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. c) Most people seek some form of treatment for their symptoms of mental illness, but only a minority experience symptom reductions. Consider This: Even fewer people seek treatment for substance use problems compared to serious mental illnesses. 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. d) Increased federal funding spent on mental health care has led to greater receipt of treatment by people suffering from mental illnesses. Consider This: Even fewer people seek treatment for substance use problems compared to 47 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

serious mental illnesses. 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies. Module: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q17.10 In a verdict of __________, the charged person is sent directly to a treatment facility and, once found rational, remains in the custody of the correctional department until the full sentence has been served. a) guilty but mentally ill (GBMI) b) not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) Consider This: The verdict attempts to balance the rights of the mentally ill offender and the community's need to control criminal behavior. 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. c) not competent but convictable (NCBC) Consider This: The verdict attempts to balance the rights of the mentally ill offender and the community's need to control criminal behavior. 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. d) criminally insane (CI) Consider This: The verdict attempts to balance the rights of the mentally ill offender and the community's need to control criminal behavior. 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity. Module: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q17.11 Reggie is living in a state facility because of severe psychiatric symptoms that prevent him from living on his own. His psychiatrist recommends that he receive ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) because of the long, unremitting course of his debilitating symptoms. Reggie is concerned about the potential side effects of ECT, and he does not want to start this form of treatment. Which of the following most accurately represents Reggie's options in this scenario? a) Reggie can refuse ECT regardless of his psychiatrist's recommendations or concerns. b) Reggie can refuse ECT unless Reggie has tried several other unsuccessful treatments and his psychiatrist believes this is the only way he will improve. Consider This: Patients do have a certain amount of control over which treatments they accept or decline. 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. c) Reggie can refuse ECT, but if he does, his psychiatrist can withdraw all other forms of treatment he is receiving. 48 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

Consider This: Patients do have a certain amount of control over which treatments they accept or decline. 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. d) Reggie cannot refuse ECT if his psychiatrist believes this is the best option. Consider This: Patients do have a certain amount of control over which treatments they accept or decline. 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders. Module: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q17.12 The Americans with Disabilities Act mandates that people with psychiatric problems __________. a) cannot be discriminated against b) must not be required to work more than 6 hours per day Consider This: Employers are encouraged to alter the workplace as needed to accommodate the needs of persons with mental illness. 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. c) should be allowed to take time off from work without penalty in order to attend psychotherapy sessions Consider This: Employers are encouraged to alter the workplace as needed to accommodate the needs of persons with mental illness. 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. d) must be provided with a quiet and stress-free work environment Consider This: Employers are encouraged to alter the workplace as needed to accommodate the needs of persons with mental illness. 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Module: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q17.13 The World Health Organization estimates that mental disorders affect more than 200 million people worldwide. Contributing to these numbers is __________. a) the world refugee crisis b) the HIV epidemic Consider This: Compared to the U.S., problems with treatment of mental disorders are greatly magnified in poorer countries. 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. c) the Ebola crisis Consider This: Compared to the U.S., problems with treatment of mental disorders are greatly 49 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

magnified in poorer countries. 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. d) globalization Consider This: Compared to the U.S., problems with treatment of mental disorders are greatly magnified in poorer countries. 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.7 Describe national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Module: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q17.14 Which of the following best describes a key reason that the Tarasoff decision was so controversial? a) It requires therapists to break confidentiality with their patients. b) It requires therapists to do additional work on top of their traditional requirements. Consider This: Today, in most states, therapists are required by law to take action to protect people from threat of violence. 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. c) It requires therapists to value the lives of their patients over the lives of others. Consider This: Today, in most states, therapists are required by law to take action to protect people from threat of violence. 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. d) It requires patients to tell their therapists when they are at risk of hurting themselves or someone else. Consider This: Today, in most states, therapists are required by law to take action to protect people from threat of violence. 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians. Module: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q17.15 __________ was established in 1948 as an international congress of nongovernmental organizations and individuals that work to promote international cooperation among governmental and nongovernmental mental health agencies. a) The World Federation for Mental Health b) The World Health Organization Consider This: The organization assists UN agencies by collecting information on mental health conditions all over the world. 17.7 Describe the national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. 50 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher

c) The International Alliance for the Mentally Ill Consider This: The organization assists UN agencies by collecting information on mental health conditions all over the world. 17.7 Describe the national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. d) The International Mental Health Alliance Consider This: The organization assists UN agencies by collecting information on mental health conditions all over the world. 17.7 Describe the national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Answer: a Learning Objective: 17.7 Describe the national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health. Module: Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy