Abnormal Psychology in a Changing World 10th Edition Nevid Test Bank Total Assessment Guide Topic Learning Objective Introduction
Learning Objective 1.1
Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False
Learning Objective 1.2
Learning Objective 1.3
Learning Objective 1.4
Learning Objective 1.5
Learning Objective 1.6
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 1.7
Learning Objective 1.8
Learning Objective 1.9
Learning Objective 1.10
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
Factual 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ,7, 8
Conceptual 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Applied 15
295 17, 20, 22, 24, 29
16, 18, 19
298, 299, 300, 301, 302
296, 297, 303
21, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28
346 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 304, 305
47, 48, 49
347 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 306 348 59, 60, 61, 66, 67, 68, 69, 73, 75, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83 307, 308, 309 350 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315 349 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123 316, 317, 318, 319 349, 350, 351 124, 125
74
92
106, 108, 112
352 126, 127, 128, 129, 130 320 131, 132, 133, 134, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144, 145
62, 63, 64, 65, 70, 71, 72, 76, 77, 78
135, 136, 143, 146
Topic
Learning Objective 1.11
Learning Objective 1.12
Learning Objective 1.13
Learning Objective 1.14
Learning Objective 1.15
Learning Objective 1.16
Learning Objective 1.17
Learning Objective 1.18
Learning Objective 1.19
True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
Learning Objective 1.21
True-False
158
325 353, 354 159, 160, 161 162, 163, 164, 165
166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171 326, 327, 328
354 172
355 173, 174, 175, 177, 178, 179 329 181, 182, 183, 184
331
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
154
155, 156, 157
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
Essay Multiple Choice
Applied
353
330
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
Conceptual
147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153 322, 323, 324
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 1.20
Factual 321
185, 186
191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209 332, 333 211, 212, 213, 214, 223, 225, 226, 227, 228, 232, 233, 234, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240, 242, 244, 245 334, 335, 336, 337, 338 248, 250, 252, 253, 255, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265 339, 340 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283 341, 342, 343
176
356 180
357 187, 189, 190
358 201, 210
359, 360 219, 220, 222
188
196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 204
215, 216, 217, 218, 221, 224, 229, 230, 231, 236, 241, 243, 246, 247
361, 363 249, 254, 256, 257
362 251, 258, 259
364, 365 279
274
Topic Learning Objective 1.22
Factual Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay
284, 285, 286, 289, 292 344, 345
Conceptual 366, 367 288, 293, 294
Applied
368, 370
369
287, 290, 291
1 Introduction and Methods of Research Multiple-Choice Questions 1.
Which emotional concern has developed in the police photographer who described his crime scene experiences? a. anger c. fear b. sadness d. loneliness ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
2.
In “Cowering Under the Covers,” the woman with bipolar disorder reports that when she goes beyond the stage of feeling exhilaration, she . a. b. c. d.
becomes manic experiences calm develops suicidal thoughts argues with her husband
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual 3.
Page: 4
Thomas, the young man with paranoid schizophrenia and major depression, experienced severe symptoms until he . a. received two months of treatment in the psychiatric hospital b. found the correct medication c. underwent electroconvulsive therapy d. was given a prefrontal lobotomy ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
4.
Page: 3
Page: 4
An abnormal behavior pattern that is associated with states of intense emotional distress or an impaired ability to function is a(n) . a. abreaction c. perceptual set b. reaction formation d. psychological disorder
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual 5.
Abnormal psychology deals chiefly with a. diseases b. traits ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
6.
Abnormal psychology is based upon a. extensive research b. fiction ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
8.
Page: 4
Page: 4
. c. personal stories d. answers a. and c.
Page: 4
The term mental disorder is derived from which of the following models? a. epigenetic c. medical b. sociological d. psychological ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
9.
. c. abnormal behaviors d. problems of immaturity
The branch of psychology that deals with the description, causes, and treatment of abnormal behavior patterns is psychology. a. abnormal c. evolutionary b. social d. developmental ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
7.
Page: 4
Page: 4
Who is affected by abnormal behavior? a. Only those who are mentally ill themselves b. Only those who are related to individuals with a mental illness c. Only those who work with individuals with a mental illness d. Virtually everyone ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1
Page: 4
Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual 10. Emotional states such as anxiety and depression may be considered abnormal when… a. They are judged as being so by others b. They are not appropriate to the situation c. They last for longer than 24 hours d. They are different from others’ political views ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual
Page: 5
11. Abnormality may be suggested by a. the magnitude of the situation. b. the opinion of the loudest person in a group. c. it being all relative. d. any person’s opinion. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual
Page: 5
12. What is the view about the medical model stated by the authors of your text? a. It is not currently a prominent model for understanding abnormal behavior. b. It puts the study of abnormal behavior directly in the purview of the field of psychology. c. It provides terms such as “symptom” and “disease” which will be emphasized in the text. d. It is a major contemporary model, but psychological and sociocultural perspectives also warrant consideration. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual
Page: 4
13. The model considers abnormal behavior patterns to be symptoms of underlying illness. a. biogenic c. sociocultural b. behavioral d. medical ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual
Page: 4
14. The authors of your text prefer to use the term “psychological disorder” rather than “mental disorder” because . a. the term “psychological disorder” puts the study of abnormal behavior squarely within the purview of the field of psychology b. the term psychological disorder carries less of a stigma
c. d.
the term psychological disorder implies that behavioral change is possible whereas mental disorder suggests a less malleable condition the term “mental disorder” implies some type of serious illness, whereas the term “psychological disorder” does not
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual
Page: 4
15. Which of the following behaviors is considered abnormal? a. Feeling anxious in anticipation of an important job interview b. Feeling sad after failing a test c. Feeling panic whenever entering a department store d. Feeling depressed about losing a loved one ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 5 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Applied 16. Which of the following statements about the unusualness criteria for determining abnormality is correct? a. It is the only criteria used to determine abnormality. b. It is the best criteria for determining abnormality. c. Statistical deviance or rarity is sufficient to judge abnormality. d. Just because a behavior is unusual does not necessarily mean that it is considered abnormal. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 5 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Conceptual 17. a. b.
societies have norms or standards that define the kinds of behavior acceptable in given contexts. Very few c. Around 2/3 Around 1/3 of d. All
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 5 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Factual 18. Which of the following is one of the criteria for determining abnormal behavior as presented in the text? a. The behavior is time consuming. b. The behavior is selfish. c. The behavior results in loss of income. d. The behavior is socially unacceptable. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 5 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Conceptual
19. In judging whether a person's behavior is socially unacceptable or violates social norms, clinicians must take into account . a. ideas of persecution c. universal truths b. cultural differences d. subjects' expectations ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 5 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Conceptual 20. Which statement is true about the view of homosexuality as abnormal? a. Until the mid-1970s, homosexuality was classified as a mental disorder by the psychiatric profession. b. After World War I, homosexuality was not viewed as a mental disorder in the United States but it was in Europe. c. Homosexuality is classified as a mental disorder in the current psychiatric classification system in the United States but not in Europe. d. Homosexuality is currently classified as a disorder in men but not in women. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 5 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Factual 21. Archibald has recurring delusions that he is the King of England. He also hallucinates that the Queen of England sits next to him and he talks to her throughout the day. Which criterion of abnormal behavior most closely reflects his behavior? a. Significant personal distress c. Socially unacceptable behavior b. Self-defeating behavior d. Faulty perception of reality ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 6 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Applied 22. Seeing things and hearing voices that are not present are considered a. delusions c. hallucinations b. compulsions d. obsessions
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 6 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Factual 23. Kathy has recurring visions of demons chasing her around her house. She also hears them telling her, “We have come for you!” She is experiencing . a. delusions c. hallucinations b. compulsions d. obsessions ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 6
Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Applied 24. Unfounded ideas, or false beliefs which have no basis in fact, are considered a. delusions c. hallucinations b. compulsions d. obsessions
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 6 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Factual 25. Alexander believes that aliens from outer space are working together with the CIA in an elaborate plot to brainwash him with secret messages transmitted through static on his television. His beliefs are most likely what psychologists would call . a. delusions c. hallucinations b. compulsions d. obsessions ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 6 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Applied 26. Abigail is suffering from a combination of chronic anxiety and depression, and these conditions cause her to experience many troublesome emotions. Which criterion of abnormal behavior most closely matches her symptoms? a. Significant personal distress c. Unusual behavior b. Self-defeating behavior d. Faulty perception of reality ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 6 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Applied 27. Which criterion of abnormal behavior most closely matches a college student who must withdraw due to alcoholism? a. Faulty perception of reality b. Maladaptive or self-defeating behavior c. Unusual behavior d. Socially unacceptable behavior ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 6 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Applied 28. Megan has an intense fear of being stuck in an elevator or a similar enclosed place. Her fears are best described as . a. claustrophobia c. agoraphobia b. delusions d. ideas of persecution
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 7 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Applied 29. People are said to have a. coexisting b. comingled
diagnoses when they have more than one disorder. c. comorbid d. simultaneous
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 7 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Factual 30. According to the 1999 Surgeon General’s Report on Mental Health, what percentage of American adults receives some form of help for mental health problems each year? a. 5% b. 15% c. 25% d. 35% ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 9 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.2 Skill: Factual 31. The authors use the report of the a. World Health Organization b. Surgeon General
as a backdrop for this text’s study of abnormal behavior. c. Secretary of Health and Human Services d. President’s Commission on Mental Health
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 9 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.2 Skill: Factual 32. Nearly one in lives. a. two b. three
Americans is directly affected by a diagnosable mental illness at some point in their c. d.
four five
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 8 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.2 Skill: Factual 33. About one in a. two b. three
adult Americans experiences a diagnosable mental illness in a given year. c. four d. five
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
Page: 8
Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.2 Skill: Factual 34. According to the World Health Organization, which of the 17 countries surveyed had the highest rates of diagnosable psychological disorders? a. France c. Haiti b. United States d. Latvia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 8 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.2 Skill: Factual 35. The Surgeon General’s report states that treatment for mental disorders is most effective when a. pharmacological treatment is monitored weekly by a health care professional. b. psychological and pharmacological treatments are combined. c. the social and financial needs of the individual are addressed prior to treatment. d. clinicians serving an individual are from the same ethnic group. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: 1.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 8
36. Mental health reflects the complex interaction of a. brain functioning. b. environmental influences. c. what is on the news. d. brain functioning and environmental influences. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: 1.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 8
37. Over his/her lifetime, an American is most likely to suffer from which of the following psychological disorders? a. Mood b. Anxiety c. Substance Use d. Schizophrenia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: 1.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 8
38. Over the course of the past year, an American is most likely to suffer from which of the following psychological disorders? a. Mood b. Anxiety
c. d.
Substance Use Schizophrenia
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: 1.2 Skill: Factual 39. Effective treatments exist for a. a few b. most c. 10% of d. 34% of ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: 1.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 8
mental disorders.
Page: 8
40. Among Native Americans, hearing the voices of recently deceased loved ones is considered a. normal b. abnormal c. unusual but not abnormal d. a hallucination due to extreme grief
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 9 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.3 Skill: Factual 41. Native Americans often seek help for “White Man’s Illness” (e.g., alcoholism) through _ a. “White Man's Medicine” c. shamans b. native women healer’s d. medicine men ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 9 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.3 Skill: Factual 42. In a number of African cultures, anxiety is expressed as . a. fears of failure in procreation, in dreams, and complaints about witchcraft b. trancelike states c. physical symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, or weakness d. worrying about losing a job or paying the mortgage ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 10 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.3 Skill: Factual 43. In Western cultures, anxiety is experienced largely in terms of
.
.
a. b. c. d.
fears of failure in procreation, in dreams, and complaints about witchcraft trancelike states physical or somatic symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, or weakness worrying about losing a job or paying the mortgage
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 10 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.3 Skill: Factual 44. In Eastern cultures, depression is experienced largely in terms of . a. fears of failure in procreation, in dreams, and complaints about witchcraft b. guilt or sadness c. physical or somatic symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, or weakness d. worrying about losing a job or paying the mortgage ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 10 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.3 Skill: Factual 45. In Western cultures, depression is experienced largely in terms of . a. fears of failure in procreation, in dreams, and complaints about witchcraft b. guilt or sadness c. physical or somatic symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, or weakness d. worrying about losing a job or paying the mortgage ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 10 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.3 Skill: Factual 46. Compared to the United States, the rates of schizophrenia in countries such as Colombia India, Denmark, Nigeria, and the former Soviet Union are . a. lower b. about the same c. higher d. lower for women and higher for men ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 10 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.3 Skill: Factual 47. In our culture, models based on a. spiritual corruption b. demonology
have achieved prominence in explaining abnormal behavior. c. medical disease d. anthropomorphism
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 10 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.3
Skill: Conceptual 48. Traditional native cultures attribute most mental illnesses to a. supernatural causes c. immorality b. poor child-rearing practices d. psychic abilities
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 10 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.3 Skill: Conceptual 49. In folk society, psychological problems are often attributed to the influence of “spirits” or the possession of a “weak soul.” a. Malaysian c. Nigerian b. Kurdish d. Filipino ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 10 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.3 Skill: Conceptual 50. Throughout much of history in Western societies, abnormal behavior was often taken as a sign of a. psychic powers c. spiritual enlightenment b. biological imbalances d. demonic possession ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 10 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.4 Skill: Factual 51. The process of cutting a hole in the skull to provide a pathway for demons to leave a possessed person's body is called . a. exorcism c. spiritual incision b. trephination d. expurgating ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 10 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.4 Skill: Factual 52. Archaeologists have unearthed human skeletons with holes in the skull. It has been suggested that the holes were drilled into the skulls to . a. release fluid associated with brain swelling b. relieve the individual of a headache c. release “evil spirits” from the individual d. treat epilepsy ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.4 Skill: Factual
.
53. The notion of supernatural causes of abnormal behavior, or demonology, was prominent in Western society until . a. the Age of Enlightenment b. the Middle Ages c. World War I d. the Victorian Age ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.4 Skill: Factual 54. The Greeks believed that would visit the afflicted while they slept in the temple and offer them restorative advice through dreams. a. Plato b. Socrates c. Aesculapius d. Zeus ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.4 Skill: Factual 55. The Greeks believed that rest, a nutritious diet, and those who were psychologically afflicted. a. blood letting b. trephination c. exercise d. prayer
were significant parts of the treatment for
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.4 Skill: Factual 56. In ancient Greece, people who behaved abnormally were often sent to temples dedicated to a. Aphrodite c. Zeus b. Aesculapius d. Apollo ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.4 Skill: Factual 57. Before Hippocrates, the ancient Greeks believed that abnormal behavior, or madness, resulted from . a. natural forces c. punishment by the gods b. demonic possession d. psychic powers ANSWER: C
.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.4 Skill: Factual 58. The ancient Greeks attempted to cure mental illness by . a. sending people to temples where they were given rest, a nutritious diet, and exercise b. trephining c. performing exorcisms d. torturing them in order to force the evil spirits out of their bodies ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.4 Skill: Factual 59. The celebrated ancient Greek physician who argued that illnesses of the body and mind resulted from natural causes rather than the wrath of the gods was . a. Socrates c. Demosthenes b. Hippocrates d. Aristotle ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Factual 60. The idea that the health of the body depends on a balance of four vital bodily fluids, or humors, was first proposed by . a Galen c. Socrates b. Plato d. Hippocrates ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Factual 61. According to Hippocrates, abnormal behavior results from _ . a. biological imbalances c. demonic possession b. angering the gods d. spiritual deprivation ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Factual 62. Andy is a quick-tempered individual. According to Hippocrates, Andy would be described as having an excess of . a. phlegm c. green bile b. blood d. yellow bile ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
Page: 11
Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Applied 63. Zorba is constantly depressed. According to Hippocrates' theory, Zorba has an excess of a. phlegm c. green bile b. blood d. black bile
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Applied 64. Theo is lethargic and sluggish, always acting like he is in "slow motion." According to Hippocrates's theory, Theo has an excess of . a. phlegm c. yellow bile b. blood d. black bile ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 12 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Applied 65. George is cheerful, confident, and optimistic. According to Hippocrates' theory, George has an excess of . a. phlegm c. yellow bile b. blood d. black bile ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Applied 66. A person who is cheerful, confident, and optimistic is said to be a. sanguine c. phlegmatic b. choleric d. melancholic
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Factual 67. Hippocrates would label a person who is lethargic and sluggish, with little or no energy, as a. sanguine c. phlegmatic b. choleric d. melancholic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Factual
.
68. Hippocrates labeled individuals that were quick-tempered, or bilious, as a. sanguine c. phlegmatic b. choleric d. melancholic
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Factual 69. According to Hippocrates, a person who is chronically sad and depressed is said to be a. sanguine c. phlegmatic b. choleric d. melancholic
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Factual 70. Hippocrates diagnoses one of his patients as suffering from an excess of blood. The patient is probably . a. lethargic and sluggish c. confident and optimistic b. quick-tempered d. sad and depressed ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Applied 71. Hippocrates diagnoses one of his patients as suffering from an excess of phlegm. The patient is probably . a. lethargic and sluggish c. confident and optimistic b. quick-tempered d. sad and depressed ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Applied 72. Hippocrates diagnoses one of his patients as suffering from an excess of yellow bile. The patient is probably . a. lethargic and sluggish c. confident and optimistic b. quick-tempered d. sad and depressed ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Applied 73. The ethical oath that medical students take when they become physicians honors a. Galen c. Aristotle b. Thalen d. Hippocrates
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Factual 74. Hippocrates' view that abnormal behavior could result from biological imbalances foreshadowed today's model. a. medical c. psychoanalytic b. eclectic d. phenomenological ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Conceptual 75. Which of the following are the three categories of abnormal behavior identified by Hippocrates? a. Melancholia, mania, and exhilaration b. Melancholia, phrenitis, and mania c. Mania, depression, and hypoactivity d. Phrenitis, agitation, catatonia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Factual 76. Hippocrates diagnoses one of his patients as suffering from mania. The patient is probably a. excessively depressed c. schizophrenic b. excessively excited d. autistic
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Applied 77. Hippocrates diagnoses one of his patients as suffering from melancholia. The patient is probably a. excessively depressed c. schizophrenic b. excessively excited d. autistic
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Applied 78. Hippocrates diagnoses one of his patients as suffering from phrenitis. The patient is probably a. excessively excited c. suffering from schizophrenia b. excessively depressed d. autistic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 11
.
Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Applied 79. The Greek physician who expanded on the teachings of Hippocrates was a. Homer c. Leonidas b. Themistocles d. Galen
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Factual 80. The Greek physician who discovered that arteries carry blood, not air, as had been previously thought, was . a. Hippocrates c. Socrates b. Galen d. Themistocles ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Factual 81. Until the physician Galen found that arteries carried blood, it was thought by most people that they carried . a. bile c. air b. phlegm d. water ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Factual 82. Hippocrates lived from a. ca. 460-377 B.C.E. b. 1865-1939
. c. d.
ca. 130-200 C.E. ca. 37-7 B.C.E.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Factual 83. Galen lived from . a. ca. 460-377 B.C.E. b. 1865-1939
c. d.
ca. 130-200 C.E. ca. 37-7 B.C.E.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Factual
84. During the Middle Ages, the treatment of choice for curing abnormal behavior was a. trephining c. exorcism b. bleeding d. meditation
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 12 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 85. In medieval times, the doctrine that abnormal behavior was a sign of possession by evil spirits or the devil was espoused by the church. a. Episcopalian c. Roman Catholic b. Muslim d. Anglican ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 12 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 86. Fear of witches reached its height during the a. Middle Ages c. b. Renaissance d.
. Age of Enlightenment Victorian Age
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 12 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 87. Torture, starvation, and beatings were among the . a. methods of persuasions used by exorcists b. methods of treatment used in medieval psychotherapy for depression c. threats made to hospitalized mental patients until electroshock therapy was developed d. forms of punishment used in the Renaissance by parents of rebellious male teenagers ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 12 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 88. The "Malleus Maleficarum" was . a. a medical manual designed to help Renaissance physicians treat abnormal behavior b. the first diagnostic manual that correctly labeled some mental health problems according to their behavioral symptoms c. the holy ritual used to help priests perform exorcisms d. a manual for helping inquisitors identify suspected witches ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 12 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual
89. The “water-float” test was used during the 16th and 17th centuries to test for a. being a witch c. problem-solving skills b. loyalty to the King or Queen d. melancholia
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 12 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 90. If a suspected witch was subjected to the "water-float test" and was found to be spiritually pure, the suspect . a. was released b. was allowed to join a convent c. was given an exorcism to prevent future demonic possession d. drowned ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 12 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 91. The behavior confessed by supposed “witches” was often akin to modern conceptualizations of although it was likely that such confessions resulted from the effects of torture. a. major depression c. brain damage b. antisocial personality disorder d. schizophrenia ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 12 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 92. Most scholars today believe that accusations of witchcraft during the Middle Ages and Renaissance were . a. based on valid fears of the unknown b. based on misinterpretations of abnormal behaviors resulting from mental illness c. convenient means of disposing of social nuisances and seizing property d. part of a general trend by the poor to seek revenge against the wealthy by accusing them of crimes which would cause them to be disgraced ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 12 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Conceptual 93. In Medieval England, most explanations of mental illness involved . a. sociological causes c. physical illness or brain trauma b. demonic possession d. spiritual impropriety ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6
,
Skill: Factual 94. Renaissance physician Johann Weyer was noted for arguing that abnormal behavior and thought patterns were caused by . a. physical problems c. spiritual impurity b. demonic possession d. sociological factors ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 95. The first asylums, or "madhouses," began to crop up throughout Europe in the a. 11th and 12th c. 15th and 16th b. 13th and 14th d. 17th and 18th ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 96. The first asylums in Europe were . a. added on to existing hospitals as special "wards" for the mentally ill b. former leprosariums c. former prisons d. former military fortresses ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 97. Which of the following is true of the first asylums for the mentally ill? a. Patients were used as "guinea pigs" for new and risky medical experiments. b. Residents were offered meaningful work as therapy. c. Asylum inmates frequently performed in plays for the public. d. They often were homes for beggars as well as the mentally disturbed. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 98. The word “bedlam” derived from . a. A slang term popular in the 15th and 16th century for chaos b. Sir Francis Reginald Bedlam, founder of the first asylum in London c. Bedlam, England, home of the first insane asylum d. St. Mary’s of Bethlehem Hospital in London ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior
centuries.
Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 99. Johann Weyer lived from a. 1515-1588 b. 1211-1289 c. 5-65 d. 1899-1967
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 100. a. b. c. d.
were most likely to be accused of witchcraft. Men Teenagers Minority ethnic groups Women
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 12 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 101. The modern era of treatment can be traced, in large part, to the efforts of . a. Pussin and Pinel c. Lavoix and Millet b. Roentgen and Pasteur d. Mesmer and Charcot ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 102. The modern era of humane treatment can be traced to the a. late 16th and early 17th centuries b. late 17th and early 18th centuries c. late 18th and early 19th centuries d. late 19th and early 20th centuries
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 103. In the late 18th and early 19th century, most Europeans viewed deranged or mentally ill people as a. sick people in need of treatment b. demonically possessed c. having special "gifts" that allowed them to communicate with the spirit world d. threats to society ANSWER: D
.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 104. Jean-Baptiste Pussin, a layman in charge of a ward for the “incurably insane” at the La Bicetre mental hospital in Paris is known for . a. moving patients to rooms with more sunlight b. providing medicine to hospitalized patients c. releasing insane inmates from their chains and shackles d. ending exorcisms in the asylums ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 105. The first official to unchain a group of “incurably insane” patients was a. Jean-Baptiste Pussin c. Philippe Pinel b. Dorothea Dix d. Horace Loveland
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 106. If you were a follower of Philippe Pinel, you would most likely agree with which of the following statements? a. The mentally ill should be incarcerated and chained to prevent them from harming themselves or others. b. The mentally ill should be treated through purging, bloodletting, and ice-cold baths. c. The mentally ill will recover more quickly by living in the real world and learning to survive on their own. d. The mentally ill should be treated with in a humane manner, with understanding, and concern. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Applied 107. The philosophy of treatment that emerged from the efforts of Frenchmen like Philippe Pinel is called therapy. a. hedonistic c. rational b. moral d. organic ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 108. A noted therapist argues that mentally-ill patients should be treated in a decent and relaxed environment. Her argument most closely matches the tenets of therapy.
a. b.
primal Catholic
c. d.
moral rational
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Applied 109. Pinel’s counterpart in England was a. Dorothea Dix b. William Tuke
. c. d.
Charles Dewey Lord Cromwell
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 110. Pinel’s counterpart later in the United States was . a. Dorothea Dix c. Charles Dewey b. William Tuke d. Lord Cromwell ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual
111. The man considered to be the "father" of American psychiatry is a. William Tuke c. Benjamin Rush b. Alfred Adler d. William James
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 112. If you were a follower of Benjamin Rush, you would most likely agree with which of the following statements? a. The mentally ill should be incarcerated and chained to prevent them from harming themselves or others. b. The mentally ill should be treated through purging, bloodletting, and ice-cold baths. c. The mentally ill will recover more quickly by living in the real world and learning to survive on their own. d. The mentally ill should be given custodial care only, as their illnesses are incurable. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Applied 113. Benjamin Rush believed that madness was caused by
.
a. b. c. d.
poverty and social pressure engorgement of the blood vessels in the brain imbalances of bodily humors genetically inherited vulnerabilities
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 114. The Boston schoolteacher most responsible for the establishment of mental hospitals in the 19th century United States is . a. Mary Dexter c. Laura Constance Wilson b. Dorothea Dix d. Martha Custis ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 115. In the late 19th century, the attitude toward the mentally ill in the United States was dominated by a. the belief in "moral therapy" b. apathy and neglect c. the belief in bloodletting and purging as a primary treatment d. fascination with Freud's new "talking cure" ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 116. Through the middle of the 20th century, deplorable conditions at mental hospitals were a. unheard of c. occasionally found b. very rare d. commonplace
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 117. By the mid-1950s, the population in American mental hospitals had risen to about a. 250,000 c. 750,000 b. 500,000 d. 1,000,000
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 118. The class of drugs most responsible for the mass release of many institutionalized mentally ill patients is the .
.
a. b.
phenothiazines MAO inhibitors
c. d.
tricyclics antibiotics
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 119. Phenothiazines are a group of a. antianxiety b. antipsychotic
drugs. c. d.
antidepressant analgesic
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 120. Phenothiazines are used to treat the most flagrant behavior patterns associated with a. schizophrenia c. dissociative fugue b. obsessive-compulsive disorder d. bipolar disorder
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 121. The advent of phenothiazines was seen as instrumental in . a. lowering the costs of care in state hospitals so that more could be constructed b. increasing populations of substance abusers and the mentally retarded while reducing the number of schizophrenics c. developing new diagnostic screening measures for schizophrenia d. reducing the population of mental hospitals ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 122. Between the 1950s and 1990s, the mental hospital population across the United States has a. increased dramatically b. remained relatively the same c. increased the number of female patients while decreasing the number of male patients d. decreased dramatically ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 123. Today, the mental hospital population across the United States has about a. 100,000
patients.
.
b. c. d.
one million 400,000 40,000
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 124. Today, the length of time a patient stays in a mental hospital is generally a. longer b. about the same c. doubled in the length of time d. shorter
than it was in the past.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.8 Skill: Factual 125. Today’s state hospital is generally more a. treatment-oriented b. focused on punishment c. apathetic d. focused on medication and psychiatry
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.8 Skill: Factual
126. In what year did Congress establish a nationwide system of community mental health centers that was intended to offer an alternative to long-term custodial care in bleak institutions? a. 1943 c. 1963 b. 1953 d. 1973 ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 15 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.9 Skill: Factual 127. In 1963, community mental health centers (CHMCs) were established nationwide under a Congressional policy known as . a. reformation c. deinstitutionalization b. outsourcing d. compartmentalization ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 15 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.9 Skill: Factual
128. Which of the following has been a negative effect of the deinstitutionalization movement? a. A significant increase in violent crime by those who were released b. A nearly total collapse of the nationwide system of mental hospitals and community mental health centers c. An increase in the number of mentally ill patients requiring long-term care d. The abandonment of many former patients who, now homeless, wander the streets of American cities ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 15 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.9 Skill: Factual 129. What percentage of the homeless population suffers from severe psychological disorders? a. 10% b. 50% c. 20-30% d. 90-100% ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 15 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.9 Skill: Factual 130. What percentage of those suffering from severe psychological disorders seek treatment? a. 10% b. 50% c. 75% d. 100% ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 16 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.9 Skill: Factual 131. Beliefs in possession or demonology persisted until the rise of the natural sciences in the _ a. 15th century c. 18th century th b. 16 century d. 19th century
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 16 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.10 Skill: Factual 132. In the 18th century, society began to turn toward to explain natural phenomena and human behavior. a. demonology c. inner enlightenment b. reason and science d. spiritualism ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 16
Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.10 Skill: Factual 133. A German physician who argued that abnormal behavior was rooted in diseases of the brain was a. William Griesinger c. G. A. Hansen b. Emil Von Tuke d. Gregor Mendel
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 16-17 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.10 Skill: Factual 134. The physician who wrote an influential textbook on psychiatry in 1883, in which he likened mental disorders to physical diseases, was . a. Joseph Lister c. Emil Kraepelin b. Robert Koch d. G. A. Hansen ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 17 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.10 Skill: Factual 135. The model attempts to explain abnormal behavior on the basis of underlying biological defects. a. medical c. structural-functional b. eclectic d. center-periphery ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 17 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.10 Skill: Conceptual 136. According to the medical model, people behaving abnormally . a. suffer from incurable diseases caused by inherited genetic defects b. suffer from the results of early childhood trauma and can be cured with proper behavioral therapies c. suffer from mental illnesses that can be classified like physical illnesses, according to their distinctive causes and symptoms d. are often unjustly labeled "abnormal" by society because of fears about their abnormal behaviors ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 17 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.10 Skill: Conceptual 137. Emil Kraepelin specified a. two b. four
main groups of mental disorders. c. six d. eight
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 17 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior
Learning Objective: 1.10 Skill: Factual 138. Emil Kraepelin identified the group of diseases he called "dementia praecox," which we now call a. conversion disorder c. schizophrenia b. dissociative identity disorder d. bipolar disorder
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 17 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.10 Skill: Factual 139. Emil Kraepelin identified the group of diseases he called "manic-depressive psychosis," which we now call . a. conversion disorder c. schizophrenia b. dissociative identity disorder d. bipolar disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 18 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.10 Skill: Factual 140. Kraepelin believed that “manic-depressive psychosis” was caused by a. an excess of green bile c. obesity b. an abnormality in body metabolism d. a biochemical imbalance
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 17 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.10 Skill: Factual 141. The major contribution of Emil Kraepelin was . a. the development of a classification system in which the current diagnostic systems are rooted b. the discovery that early childhood environment plays a crucial role in the development of a healthy personality c. the discovery of the bacterium causing syphilis d. the development of "moral therapy," in which humane treatment and a relaxed environment were used to help restore mental health ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 17 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.10 Skill: Factual 142. General paresis is a result of the advanced stages of a. bipolar disorder b. schizophrenia c. dementia d. syphilis ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 17
.
Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.10 Skill: Factual 143. The discovery of a cure for syphilis led to . a. today’s general acceptance that there is a biological basis for all psychological disorders b. the cure for polio c. optimism that biological causes for other types of disturbed behavior would be discovered d. the eventual development of the fields of neurology and neuropsychology ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 17 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.10 Skill: Conceptual 144. We realize today that of all psychological disorders involve a complex web of factors which we are still struggling to understand. a. only one or two c. approximately half b. a few d. the great majority ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 17 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.10 Skill: Factual 145. Which of the following is representative of the medical model terminology? a. Fixed interval c. Syndrome b. Reinforcement d. Time out ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 17 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.10 Skill: Factual 146. A condition involving paralysis and numbness with no known medical cause was a. dissociation c. hypochondriasis b. fugue d. hysteria
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 17 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.11 Skill: Conceptual 147.
demonstrated that hysterical behaviors, like paralysis or numbness, could be induced in normal subjects under hypnosis through the use of suggestions. a. Mesmer c. Charcot b. Breuer d. Pinel ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 18 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.11
Skill: Factual 148. Jean-Martin Charcot lived from a. 1825-1893 b. 1244-1298
. c. d.
1921-1997 1839-1900
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 17 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.11 Skill: Factual 149. The person who developed the first psychological theory of abnormal behavior was a. Friedrich Mesmer c. Sigmund Freud b. Joseph Breuer d. Jean-Martin Charcot
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 18 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.11 Skill: Factual 150. The physician with whom Freud worked most closely in the case of Anna O. was a. Charcot c. Jung b. Mesmer d. Breuer
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 18 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.11 Skill: Factual 151. Sigmund Freud lived from a. 1725-1793 b. 1856-1939
. c. d.
1921-1997 1967-present
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 18 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.11 Skill: Factual 152. The process of bringing emotions to the surface and "discharging" them in therapy is called a. transference c. free association b. catharsis d. displacement ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 19 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.11 Skill: Factual 153. The 21-year-old woman treated by Breuer in a classic case of hysteria was a. Sonja J. c. Anna O. b. Alica K. d. Marta M.
.
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 18 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.11 Skill: Factual 154. Mary goes to a therapist for treatment of numbness in her arms that appears to have no physical cause. Her therapist tells her that her symptoms result from repressed emotions dating back to subconscious conflicts during her early childhood. The therapist uses hypnosis and has her talk about her feelings to help her "discharge" her pent-up emotions. Her therapist’s treatment approach is most similar to that of . a. Freud c. Kraepelin b. Pinel d. Griesinger ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 18 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.11 Skill: Applied 155. The perspective emphasizes factors such as unemployment, poverty, and family breakdown as causes of abnormal behavior. a. cognitive c. social learning b. structural-functional d. sociocultural ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 19 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.12 Skill: Conceptual 156. The model emphasizes a broad perspective that takes into account the social contexts in which abnormal behavior occurs. a. sociocultural c. social learning b. Gestalt d. environmental ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 19 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.12 Skill: Conceptual 157. A sociocultural psychologist is likely not to recommend which of the following as a treatment for his/her client? a. medication c. a trial separation from a spouse b. a change in jobs d. moving to a different city ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 19 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.12 Skill: Conceptual 158. Gloria, a student from a poor family, goes to a therapist for treatment of her test anxiety. Her therapist tells her that the anxiety is not abnormal behavior on her part, but rather it is a normal reaction to the abnormal expectations placed on her by an unfair society that has failed to give her an equal chance to fairly compete with other students. Her therapist is using the treatment model.
a. b.
social learning humanistic
c. d.
eclectic sociocultural
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 19 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.12 Skill: Applied 159. The biopsychosocial perspective of abnormal behavior is also known as the a. interactionist c. eclectic b. catharsis d. psychodynamic
model.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 19 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.13 Skill: Factual 160. Until a. 1963 b. 1973
, the American Psychiatric Association classified homosexuality as a mental health disorder. c. 1983 d. 1993
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 20 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.13 Skill: Factual 161. Which of the following was classified as a mental health disorder by the American Psychiatric Association until 1973? a. Pedophilia c. Homosexuality b. Transvestitism d. Fetishism ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 20 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.13 Skill: Factual 162. Research has found that have a greater frequency of suicide and of states of emotional distress, especially anxiety and depression, compared to heterosexual men and women. a. bisexual men c. lesbian women b. homosexual men d. homosexual men and lesbian women ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 20 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.13 Skill: Factual 163. Which of the follow symptoms have been noted to occur at a higher level with gay men as compared to heterosexual men? a. Psychopathy c. Bipolar disorder b. Intellectual deficiency d. Depression
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 20 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.13 Skill: Factual 164. As compared to married heterosexual couples, gays in close, committed relationships have been found to . a. exhibit more verbal conflict but less physical aggression b. exhibit more physical aggression but less verbal conflict c. be comparably well-adjusted d. be more generally dysfunctional in couple adjustment ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 20 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.13 Skill: Factual 165. Which of the following statements is true? a. Gay men and lesbian women are less prone than heterosexuals to develop psychological problems. b. The majority of psychological problems experienced by gay men and lesbian women are directly the result of their sexual orientation. c. Statistically, gay adolescents have a lower suicide rate than heterosexual adolescents. d. The social stress associated with the stigma, prejudice, and discrimination that gay people encounter may directly cause mental health problems. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 20 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.13 Skill: Factual 166. A systematic method of conducting scientific research in which theories or assumptions are examined in the light of evidence is . a. the intuitive method c. the scientific method b. the philosophical approach d. the Socratic method ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 21 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.14 Skill: Factual 167. Research in the field of abnormal psychology is based on the application of a. the intuitive method c. the scientific method b. the philosophical approach d. the Socratic method ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 21 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.14 Skill: Factual 168. Which of the following is one of the primary objectives of science? a. Revelation c. Remediation
.
b.
Description
d.
Expediation
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 21 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.14 Skill: Factual 169. In the story of the professor who placed a rat on top of her desk and then asked graduate students to describe the rat’s behavior, the rat was . a. released into the outside world b. genetically engineered to be more intelligent than a normal rat c. a clone d. blind ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 21 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.14 Skill: Factual 170. A formulation of the relationships underlying observed events is called a a. theory c. supposition b. hypothesis d. proposition
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 22 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.14 Skill: Factual 171. Using scientific knowledge to help people shape their own goals and efficiently use their resources to accomplish them achieves which primary objective of science? a. Description c. Remediation b. Explanation d. Control ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 22 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.14 Skill: Factual 172. Psychologists use behavior. a. common sense b. the clinical method
to advance the description, explanation, prediction, and control of abnormal c. d.
the scientific method the medical model
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 22 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.14 Skill: Conceptual 173. Which of the following is one of the steps in the scientific method? a. Making inferences from the research question b. Framing the research question in the form of a personal statement
c. d.
Testing new ideas Drawing conclusions about the hypothesis
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 23 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.15 Skill: Factual 174. A prediction about behavior that is tested through experimentation is called a a. theory c. supposition b. hypothesis d. proposition
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 23 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.15 Skill: Factual 175. According to the text, testing the hypothesis is the a. first c. third b. second d. fourth
step in the scientific method.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 23 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.15 Skill: Factual 176. Emily is studying hyperactive children. Her observations have led her to predict that if she runs an experiment in which some hyperactive children are given a sugar-sweetened drink while others are given a drink sweetened with a sugar substitute, those receiving the sugar-sweetened drink will exhibit greater disruptions in their behavior. Her prediction is an example of a . a. theory c. response set b. hypothesis d. scientifically based conjecture ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 23 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.15 Skill: Applied 177. According to the text, drawing conclusions about the hypothesis is the a. first c. third b. second d. fourth
step in the scientific method.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 23 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.15 Skill: Factual 178. Scientists are reasonably confident that differences between groups are significant when chance is less than percent. a. 2 c. 7 b. 5 d. 10
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 23 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.15 Skill: Factual 179. According to the text, how many steps are there in the scientific method? a. 2 c. 4 b. 6 d. 10 ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 23 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.15 Skill: Factual 180.
are designed to promote the dignity of the individual, protect human welfare, and preserve scientific integrity. a. Research methodologies c. Ethical principles b. Sampling techniques d. Research grants ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 23 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.16 Skill: Conceptual
181. To review psychological research proposals to ensure their adherence to ethical guidelines, each university and hospital must have a(an) _ . a. ethical oversight committee c. research equity committee b. institutional review board d. scientific ethics panel ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 23 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.16 Skill: Factual 182. The principle of requires that people be free to choose whether they wish to participate in research studies and must be given sufficient information in advance about the study’s purposes, methods, risks, and benefits to allow them to make a knowledgeable decision about their participation. a. informed consent c. debriefing b. confidentiality d. free will ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 23 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.16 Skill: Factual 183. In studies in which information was withheld or deception was used, subjects must later receive an explanation of the true methods and purposes of the study and why it was necessary to keep them in the dark. This process is known as . a. informed consent c. debriefing b. confidentiality d. free will
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 23 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.16 Skill: Factual 184.
is the principle that research subjects have the right to expect that their identities will not be disclosed and that records of the research will be kept similarly secure. a. Selective secrecy c. Debriefing b. Confidentiality d. Preemptive exclusion ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 23 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.16 Skill: Factual
185. The research method in which subjects are observed unobtrusively, so their behavior is not affected by the known presence of an observer, is the method. a. case-study c. correlational b. experimental d. naturalistic observation ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.17 Skill: Factual 186. The research method in which behavior is observed in the field, where it happens, is the _ a. case-study c. naturalistic observation b. experimental d. psychometric
method.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.17 Skill: Factual 187. Naturalistic observation reveals . a. neither how nor why subjects behave b. how subjects behave but not why c. why subjects behave but not how d. both how and why subjects behave ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.17 Skill: Conceptual 188. Ellen decides to study overweight people. She designs her study so that she will observe overweight and normal people eating in restaurants to see if there are differences in what they order, how quickly they eat, and how much they eat. The diners will not know they are being observed. Ellen's research design employs the method. a. survey c. naturalistic observation
b.
experimental
d.
case-study
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.17 Skill: Applied 189. Naturalistic observation reveals . a. how subjects process their world b. where subjects engage in observed behaviors c. why subjects think as they do d. why subjects engage in observed behaviors ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.17 Skill: Conceptual 190. The naturalistic observation method can demonstrate causation about what percentage of the time? a. 10% b. 50% c. 95% d. Never ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.17 Skill: Conceptual 191.A scientific method of study that examines the relationships between factors or variables expressed in statistical terms is the method. a. survey c. correlational b. experimental d. case study ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Factual 192.A statistical measure of the association between two variables is a(n) a. variable matrix c. correlation coefficient b. independent variable d. reciprocal function
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Factual 193. The range of numbers that may be used to express a correlation coefficient is between
a. b.
0 and +1.00 -1.00 and +1.00
c. d.
-1.00 and 0 -0.10 and +0.10
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Factual 194. In a correlational study, when one variable increases as a second variable increases, there is a
correlation between them. a. random b. positive
c. d.
complementary negative
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Factual 195. In a correlational study, when one variable increases as a second variable decreases, there is a
correlation between them. a. random b. positive
c. d.
complementary negative
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Factual 196. Jan decides to study overweight people. She designs a correlational study comparing weight level and heart
disease. She finds that as weight level increases, so does heart disease. Jan's study has found a correlation. a. random c. complementary b. positive d. negative ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Applied 197. Jill decides to study overweight people. She designs a correlational study comparing weight level and level
of physical activity. She finds that as the level of physical activity decreases, weight level increases. Jill's study has found a correlation. a. random c. complementary b. positive d. negative ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Applied 198. Marge decides to study overweight people. She designs a study which will statistically compare weight
level and level of physical activity to see if there is a significant statistical relationship between them. Marge's study is typical of the method of research.
a. b.
survey psychometric
c. d.
correlational experimental
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Applied 199. Researchers have found that among schoolchildren, as the amount of time they spend reading increases, so
do their grades. This is an example of a(n) a. positive correlation b. negative correlation
c. d.
. additive correlation statistical anomaly
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Applied 200. Researchers have found that among schoolchildren, as the amount of time they spend watching television
increases, their grades decrease. This is an example of a(n) _ . a. positive correlation c. additive correlation b. negative correlation d. statistical anomaly ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Applied 201. Which is the strongest correlation?
a. - 0.33 b. + 1.21
c. + 0.45 d. - 0.68
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Conceptual 202. Correlational studies can prove
a. b. c. d.
. neither if a relationship exists nor if it is causal if a relationship exists, but not if it is causal if a relationship exists, and if it is causal in some situations if a relationship exists, and if it is causal in every situation
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Factual 203. Which of the following is true of correlational studies?
a. b.
They examine causal relationships between variables. They can reveal significant relationships that are hypothesized between variables.
c. d.
They are useful in achieving the scientific goal of explanation. They can prove cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Factual 204. Researchers using correlational methods have found consistently significant positive correlations between
depression and negative thinking. What conclusions can you draw from these studies? a. Depression causes negative thinking. b. Negative thinking causes depression. c. Both negative thinking and depression are caused by some unknown outside variable. d. Depression and negative thinking are likely to occur together. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Applied 205.A longitudinal study is a type of a. individual case b. correlational
study. c. experimental d. cross-sectional
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 25 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Factual 206.A well-known Danish longitudinal study has tracked a group of children since 1962 to determine their risk of developing . a. diabetes c. schizophrenia b. depression d. heart disease ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 25 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Factual 207.In a longitudinal study, subjects could be studied for as long as a. six months c. two years b. one year d. there is no limit
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 25 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Factual 208.A type of research in which people are periodically tested or evaluated over long periods of time is study. a. an experimental c. a cross-sectional
b.
an individual case
d.
a longitudinal
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 25 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Factual 209. Longitudinal studies are
a. b.
. inexpensive and quick inexpensive but time consuming
c. d.
costly but quick costly and time consuming
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 25 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Factual 210. What do you think is the correlation between smoking and longevity?
a. b.
Low, negative High, negative
c. d.
Low, positive High, positive
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Conceptual 211. Broadly speaking, a(n)
a. b.
correlation case study
is a trial or test of a hypothesis. c. experiment d. survey
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 25 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 212. The research technique in which scientists seek to uncover cause-and-effect relationships by directly
manipulating independent variables and observing the effects on dependent variables is the a. correlational c. psychometric b. experimental d. case-study
method.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 213. In an experiment, the suspected causal variables that are manipulated by the experimenter are known as
a. b.
variables. independent codependent
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
c. d.
dependent reciprocal
Page: 25
Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 214. In an experiment, the observed effects on subjects' behavior resulting from experimenters manipulating
suspected causal variables are called a. independent c. b. codependent d.
variables. dependent reciprocal
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 25 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 215. Jen decides to study the effects of alcohol on driving ability. She selects 200 college students and randomly
divides them into two groups of 100 students each. Subjects in group "A" drive a car through an obstacle course while remaining sober. Subjects in group "B" also drive through the obstacle course, but they are given an ounce of whiskey before each attempt at driving the course. As expected, the driving ability of subjects in group "B" steadily deteriorates as they consume more alcohol. In Jen's study, the amount of alcohol consumed is the . a. independent variable c. dependent variable b. codependent variable d. reciprocal variable ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 25 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Applied 216. Helen decides to study the effects of alcohol on driving ability. She selects 200 college students and
randomly divides them into two groups of 100 students each. Subjects in group "A" drive a car through an obstacle course while remaining sober. Subjects in group "B" also drive through the obstacle course, but they are given an ounce of whiskey before each attempt at driving the course. As expected, the driving ability of subjects in group "B" steadily deteriorates as they consume more alcohol. In Helen's study, the subjects' driving ability is the . a. independent variable c. dependent variable b. codependent variable d. reciprocal variable ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 25 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Applied 217. In a study on alcohol and driving ability, half the subjects are given alcohol before driving an obstacle
course, while the remaining subjects drive the course while remaining sober. In this study, those subjects who are given the alcohol before driving the course comprise the group. a. control c. observation b. placebo d. experimental ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Applied
218. In a study on alcohol and driving ability, half the subjects are given alcohol before driving an obstacle
course, while the remaining subjects drive the course while remaining sober. In this study, those subjects who drive the course while remaining sober comprise the _ group. a. control c. observation b. placebo d. experimental ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Applied 219. Which of the following is an example of an independent variable?
a. b.
Behavioral variables Treatment factors
c. d.
Physiological variables Self-report variables
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Conceptual 220. Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable?
a. b. c. d.
A behavioral variable Experimental manipulations Types of treatment Treatment factors
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Conceptual 221. Randy is running a study on alcohol and aggressive behavior. He randomly divides his subjects into two
groups because he knows that if he allows his subjects to choose their own groups, aggressive subjects will tend to choose the group receiving alcohol while non-aggressive subjects will tend to choose the group receiving no alcohol. He then would not be able to distinguish the effects of the alcohol from the effects of subjects' innate aggressiveness. This tendency of his aggressive subjects to choose the alcohol group is called a(n) . a. placebo effect c. experimental blind b. response set d. selection factor ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Applied 222. The way in which scientists attempt to control for selection factors in experimental research is through the
use of . a. experimental blinds b. placebos ANSWER: C
c. d.
random assignment selective selection
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Conceptual 223. One way scientists control for subjects' expectations in experimental research is by keeping subjects in a
state of being unaware of whether or not they have received an experimental treatment. This is also known as keeping the subjects . a. blind c. unaware b. disoriented d. confused ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 224. Masking the taste of an alcoholic beverage with a mixer in an experiment may keep subjects
as to
whether or not they received the experimental treatment. a. drunk longer c. blind b. less drunk d. high ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Applied 225.A state of being unaware of whether one has received an experimental treatment while participating in an experimental study is known as being . a. mystified c. distracted b. blind d. debriefed ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 226.One way scientists control for subjects' expectations in experimental research involving medication is by using . a. selection factors c. dependent variables b. independent variables d. placebos ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 227.A substance that has no psychological or physical effect of its own, but appears to have an effect because of the beliefs of the people using it is called a(n) . a. initiative substance c. placebo b. confounding factor d. neuter ANSWER: C
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 228.A bogus treatment designed to look real and used in research to control for subjects’ expectations is . a. an experimental blind c. an extraneous variable b. a placebo d. a situational factor ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 229. In a study on alcohol and aggressive behavior, subjects are randomly assigned to one of two groups. One
group receives real alcohol while the other group receives tonic water which tastes identical to real alcohol. In this way, neither group of subjects knows who got the real alcohol. In this study, the nonalcoholic tonic water serves as a(n) . a. selection factor c. independent variable b. dependent variable d. placebo ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Applied 230. In a study on alcohol and aggressive behavior, subjects are randomly assigned to one of two groups. One
group receives real alcohol while the other group receives tonic water which tastes identical to real alcohol. Although the researchers know which group got the real alcohol, none of the subjects know. This study is designed as a placebo-control study. a. single-blind c. longitudinal b. double-blind d. correlational ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Applied 231. In a study on alcohol and aggressive behavior, subjects are randomly assigned to one of two groups. One
group receives real alcohol while the other group receives tonic water which tastes identical to real alcohol. Neither the subjects nor the researchers know which group got the real alcohol until after the study is completed. This study is designed as a placebo-control study. a. single-blind c. longitudinal b. double-blind d. correlational ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Applied 232. Single-blind experiments control for
.
a. b. c. d.
neither subjects' nor experimenters' expectations subjects' but not experimenters' expectations experimenters' but not subjects' expectations both subjects' and experimenters' expectations
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 233. Double-blind studies control for
a. b. c. d.
. neither subjects' nor experimenters' expectations subjects' but not experimenters' expectations experimenters' but not subjects' expectations both subjects' and experimenters' expectations
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 234. Evidence suggests that the effects of placebos are
a. b.
extremely strong generally weak
c. d.
. generally strong nonexistent
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 27 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 235. Evidence of placebo effects is strongest in studies of
a. b.
pain depression
c. d.
.
diabetes arthritis
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 27 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 236. In a study on psychotherapy techniques, subjects are randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group
receives a specific type of therapy. The other group receives a credible treatment which has elements common to all therapies but no specific ingredients of the therapy received by the first group. This generic placebo therapy received by the second group is called a(n) placebo. a. response c. blind b. inert d. attention ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 27 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Applied
237. Which of the following is a type of experimental validity?
a. b.
Analogue validity Specific validity
c. d.
Control validity External validity
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 27 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 238. In tests and measurements,
intended to measure. a. validity b. accuracy
is the term for the degree to which a test measures what it is c. reliability d. congruence
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 27 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 239. Experiments are said to have
validity when observed changes in the dependent variable(s) can be causally related to the independent or treatment variable. a. analogue c. internal b. construct d. external ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual
240. Experiments lack internal validity when they fail to control for other factors, called
rival hypotheses for the results. a. confounds b. placebos
c. d.
that might pose
blinds alternatives
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 241.A researcher administers an antidepressant drug to a group of depressed patients and over a period of time they improve. The researcher claims that their improvement is due to the drug, even though she did not control for outside factors such as improved emotional support from friends, or natural improvement over time. This study lacks . a. analogue validity c. internal validity b. construct validity d. external validity ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Applied
242. An experiment's generalizability or applicability beyond the original sample to other subjects, settings, and
times is called a. analogue b. construct
validity. c. d.
internal external
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 243. In an experiment on treatments for depression, a researcher uses a sample consisting of depressed subjects
who are NOT typical of the general population of depressed subjects. Although the treatment works on the sample subjects, it is unlikely to work on depressed people in general. Which type of validity does this study lack? a. Analogue validity c. Internal validity b. External validity d. Construct validity ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Applied 244. The process of repeating an experiment in other settings or at other times is called
a. reiteration b. correlation
.
c. replication d. a control study
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 245. The degree to which treatment effects in an experiment can be accounted for by the theoretical mechanisms
represented in the independent variables is called . a. face validity c. internal validity b. construct validity d. external validity ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 246.A researcher tests a new antidepressant drug. The drug works, but not for the theoretical reasons proposed in the researcher's hypothesis. The experiment lacks validity. a. face c. internal b. construct d. external ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Applied
247.A researcher finds they are able to reliably and consistently replicate a particular result with a specific set of methods. What does this say about the experiment’s validity? a. That it has high construct validity. c. That it has high external validity. b. That it has high internal validity. d. Nothing. Reliability does not predict validity. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Applied 248.Studies which examine the rates of occurrence of abnormal behavior in various settings and population groups are known as studies. a. epidemiological c. case b. quasi-experimental d. psychometric ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Factual 249.A researcher using the epidemiological model would be most likely to use which of the following research techniques? a. A survey c. A case study b. The intuitive approach d. An experiment ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 29 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Conceptual 250.In epidemiological studies, the survey method investigates _ a. causal factors c. case studies b. double blind effects d. rates of occurrence
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Factual 251.A researcher uses a series of interviews and questionnaires to examine rates of alcoholism among Blacks, Whites, Hispanics, and Native Americans. She finds that some ethnic groups, such as Native Americans, have much higher rates of alcoholism than others. Her study is typical of a(n) study. a. psychometric c. quasi-experimental b. naturalistic observation d. epidemiological ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Applied 252. In the epidemiological model, the overall number of cases of a given disorder existing in a given population
at a given time are known as _ a. frequency b. prevalence
. c. d.
incidence populations
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Factual 253. In the epidemiological model, the number of new cases of a disorder occurring during a specific period of
time are known as a. frequency b. prevalence
. c. d.
incidence populations
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Factual 254. Identify the most important limitation of the survey method of epidemiological research.
a. b. c. d.
An entire population cannot be studied. They can only make suggestions about causal influences. Samples can never be entirely randomized. Behavior of groups can quickly change.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Conceptual 255. Epidemiological studies
a. b. c. d.
. neither point to potential causal factors nor control for selection factors point to potential causal factors but do not control for selection factors control for selection factors but do not point to potential causal factors control for selection factors and point to potential causal factors
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Factual 256. In research, the target group you want to find out about, such as the "average American teenager,"
comprises the research a. sample b. population
. c. d.
cluster set
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 29 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Conceptual
257. In research, the subjects or individuals who are observed or who participate in the research are said to
comprise a research a. sample b. population
. c. d.
cluster set
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 29 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Conceptual 258. In a research study of college substance abuse, the target group of college students represents the research
a. b.
. cluster set
c. d.
population sample
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 29 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Applied 259. Jack conducts a study on drinking habits among college students. Since there are too many college students
for him to directly observe all of them, he randomly selects a group of 250 college students to represent all college students. Jack’s study finds that 90 percent of college students drink regularly, and 10 percent of those who drink will eventually become alcoholics. In this study, the 250 people that Jack actually observes represent the research . a. cluster c. population b. set d. sample ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 29 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Applied 260.A random sample is a sample in which . a. every member of a target population is chosen to be in the sample b. members of the sample are chosen by chance from the general population, whether or not they are members of the target population c. every member of the target population has an equal chance of being chosen to be in the experimental sample d. members are prescreened to assure suitability for the study and are selected based on researcher decisions ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 29 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Factual 261.A sample in which every member of a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate in an experiment is called a(n) sample. a. analogue c. in vivo b. stratified d. random
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 29 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Factual 262. According to the text, researchers these days are going beyond the laboratory to collect data from research
participants. Where is one of the latest areas researchers are collecting real-time data from people? a. Shopping malls c. Telephone interviews b. Schools d. Social networking sites ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 29 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Factual 263.
a. b.
studies attempt to disentangle the roles of heredity and environment in determining behavior. Case c. Kinship Analogue d. Naturalistic observation
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 29 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 264. Heredity plays a role in
a. b. c. d.
characteristics. neither our physical nor psychological our physical but not our psychological our psychological but not our physical both our physical and psychological
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 29 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 265. The basic building blocks of heredity are
a. b.
chromosomes; traits genes; traits
c. d.
and they regulate the development of probands; chromosomes probands; genes
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 266. The basic building blocks of heredity are
a. b.
cells atoms
c. d.
. genes chromosomes
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology
.
Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 267. The rod-shaped genetic structures residing in the nuclei of cells are called
a. b.
ribosomes nucleotides
c. d.
genes chromosomes
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 268.A human cell normally contains a. 23 b. 46
chromosomes. c. 69 d. 92
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 269.A human cell normally contains a. 23 b. 46
pairs of chromosomes. c. 69 d. 92
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 270. There are
a. b.
genes in the nucleus of a human body cell. 1,000 c. 20,000 to 25,000 5,000 to 10,000 d. over 1,000,000
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 271. The set of traits specified by our genetic code is called our
a. b.
archetype proband
c. d.
phenotype genotype
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 272. Our actual, expressed traits are called our
a. b.
archetype daguerreotype
c. d.
. phenotype genotype
.
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 273. There is a
a. b.
25 50
percent overlap in genetic heritage between each parent and his or her offspring. c. 75 d. 100
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 274. Jerry and Stanley are non-twin brothers; they would have a
a. 25 b. 50
percent overlap in genetic heritage.
c. 75 d. 100
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Applied 275.A proband is . a. the subject of a case study b. the case first diagnosed with a disorder, used for comparison in kinship studies c. the random sample selected from a population in survey research d. a group of relatives whose phenotypes and genotypes are studied longitudinally ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 276. Twin studies and adoptee studies are both examples of
a. b.
analogue experimental
c. d.
studies.
case kinship
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 277. Twins who originated from a single fertilized egg cell, who share 100 percent of their genetic make-up are
known as twins. a. monozygotic b. polyzygotic
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 30
dizygotic azygotic
Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 278. Twins who develop from separate egg cells that were fertilized simultaneously, who share 50% of their
genetic heritage, are known as a. monozygotic b. polyzygotic
twins. c. d.
dizygotic azygotic
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 279. Differences between monozygotic twins are the results of
a. b.
subtle genetic significant genetic
c. d.
differences.
personality environmental
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Conceptual 280. The percentage of cases in which both twins have the same disorder is called the
a. b.
concordance congruence
c. d.
rate.
compatibility consistency
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 281. Differences in the rates of concordance for monozygotic versus dizygotic twins has suggested a strong
genetic component for schizophrenia and a. posttraumatic stress disorder b. major depression
. c. phobia d. postconcussion syndrome
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 282. Aside from twins, another group that has been studied for genetic factors in the appearance of
psychological traits and disorders are a. children from small towns b. narrow religious groups
. c. d.
adoptees children with mental retardation
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 31 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual
283. How genetically alike are monozygotic twins?
a. b.
50% 10%
c. d.
100% 37%
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 284. Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory was based primarily on the use of
a. b.
case correlational
c. d.
studies.
quasi-experimental epidemiological
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 31 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.22 Skill: Factual 285. Carefully drawn, intensive studies of the lives of individuals are called
. They are based on clinical
interviews, observations, and psychological tests. a. quasi-experimental studies c. psychometric studies b. epidemiological studies d. case studies ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 31 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.22 Skill: Factual 286. Freud conducted a case study of
a. b.
Ludwig van Beethoven Amadeus Mozart
. c. Leonardo da Vinci d. Otto Von Bismarck
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 31 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.22 Skill: Factual 287.A therapist engages in ten years of therapy with a patient diagnosed as having dissociative identity disorder. When the therapy has concluded, the therapist uses her extensive notes, drawn from clinical interviews with the patient, to write an extensive history of the patient. The history is then published so that others can learn from the therapist's experiences with her patient. This technique is known as a(n) study. a. psychometric c. case b. epidemiological d. naturalistic observation ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 31 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.22 Skill: Applied 288. Which of the following is a correct criticism for the case-study method of research?
a. b. c. d.
Case studies are based on historical material. Information drawn from case studies usually lacks enough depth and sufficient detail for drawing meaningful conclusions. Case studies lack the rigor of other research designs. Case studies provide rich detail.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 31 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.22 Skill: Conceptual 289. Research designs in which subjects are used as their own controls are called
a. b.
quasi-experimental correlational
c. d.
designs.
single-case experimental double-case experimental
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 31 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.22 Skill: Factual 290.A researcher designs a study so that his subjects are observed for several weeks with no treatment. They are then given a treatment for several weeks. This is followed by several more weeks in which the treatment is withdrawn. Finally, the subjects are given a second round of treatments. The effects of the first treatment, the withdrawal of treatment, and the second treatment are measured. This study is typical of a design. a. case-study c. single-case experimental b. quasi-experimental d. double-case experimental ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 31 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.22 Skill: Applied 291.A researcher sets up an experiment that will give subjects a double dose of treatment in an A-B-A-B pattern. This pattern of treatment is known as a design. a. reversal c. progressive b. repetitive d. multiple baseline ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 31 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.22 Skill: Applied 292. Azrin and Peterson (1989) used an A-B-A-B experimental design to help a nine-year-old girl control
a. b.
. thumb-sucking bed-wetting
c. d.
a facial twitch an eye tic
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 31 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.22
Skill: Factual 293. Which of the following is an aspect of critical thinking?
a. b. c. d.
Relying on feelings and gut impressions Remaining fixed in one’s beliefs and attitudes Seeking evidence to support or refute beliefs or claims Maintaining an attitude of non-skepticism
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 33 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.22 Skill: Conceptual 294.A high positive correlation between stress and depression demonstrates that a. stress causes depression b. depression causes stress c. depression and stress are caused by other factors d. stress and depression are somehow related to each other
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 33 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.22 Skill: Conceptual
True-False Questions 295. Psychological disorders affect relatively few of us.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 4 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual 296. Anxiety and depression are always abnormal responses to one's situation.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 5 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Conceptual 297.Uncommon behavior is abnormal. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 5 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Conceptual 298. Behavior that is deemed abnormal in one society may be perceived as perfectly normal in another.
ANSWER: T
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 5 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Factual 299. Many people today argue that homosexuality should be considered a normal variation in behavior.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 5 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Factual 300. We tend to characterize behavior we do not understand as "sick."
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 6 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Factual 301. Abnormal behavior has multiple definitions.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 6 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Factual 302. Claustrophobic behavior is characterized by intense fear of venturing into public places.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 7 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Factual 303. Unfortunately, psychologists are unable to use various approaches, or models to explain abnormal
behavior. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 6 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Conceptual 304. Many traditional Native Americans claim to hear the spirits of people who have recently died calling to
them as they ascend to the afterlife. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 9 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.3 Skill: Factual 305. Concepts of health and illness have different meanings in different cultures.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 9 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.3 Skill: Factual 306. Throughout history, concepts of abnormal behavior have been shaped by the prevailing worldview of the
time. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 10 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.4 Skill: Factual 307. Hippocrates argued that illnesses of the body and mind were the result of possession by supernatural spirits.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Factual 308. The modern medical model of abnormal behavior can be traced to the work of a Greek physician some
2,500 years ago. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Factual 309. The Greek physician Galen discovered that arteries carried blood.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.5 Skill: Factual 310. The Renaissance is considered to be the transition from the medieval world to the modern world.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 11 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 311. Fear of witches reached its height during the Middle Ages.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 12 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual
312. Innocent people were drowned in medieval times as a way of certifying that they were not possessed by the
devil. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 12 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 313. Asylums, or "madhouses," began to crop up throughout Europe in the mid-eighteenth century.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 314. Many of the earliest asylums were leprosariums.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 315.A night’s entertainment in London a few hundred years ago may have included peering at the inmates at the local asylum. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6 Skill: Factual 316. The modern era of treatment can be traced to the efforts of individuals like Philippe Pinel.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 317. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the belief that abnormal behavior could be treated by moral
therapy fell into disfavor. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 318. In the 1950s, many mental institutions were described as "human snake pits."
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1
Page: 14
Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 319. Phenothiazines represent a revolutionary group of major antidepressants.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 320. Many of the nation's homeless people are discharged mental patients.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 15 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.9 Skill: Factual 321. All adopters of the medical model believe every pattern of abnormal behavior is a product of defective
biology. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 17 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.10 Skill: Factual 322. Cases of hysteria were a common occurrence in the late Victorian period, but are relatively rare today.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 18 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.11 Skill: Factual 323. In the famous case of Anna O., Anna was suffering from amnesia.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 18 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.11 Skill: Factual 324. The first major psychological theory of abnormal behavior was developed by Joseph Breuer.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 19 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.11 Skill: Factual 325. Sociocultural theorists look for the causes of abnormal behavior in the failures of society.
ANSWER: T
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 19 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.12 Skill: Factual 326. Description is one of the primary objectives of science.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 21 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.14 Skill: Factual 327. To scientists, controlling behavior means coercing people into doing the bidding of others.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 22 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.14 Skill: Factual 328.A theory is a precise prediction about behavior that is examined in an experiment. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 22 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.14 Skill: Factual 329. The scientific method has four basic steps.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 22 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.15 Skill: Factual 330. The principle of informed consent precludes the use of naturalistic observation.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 23 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.16 Skill: Factual 331. In naturalistic observation, scientists make every effort to be obtrusive.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.17 Skill: Factual 332. Correlational research does not, in itself, demonstrate cause and effect.
ANSWER: T Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Factual 333. One type of correlational study is the longitudinal study.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 25 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Factual 334. Suspected causal factors that are manipulated by researchers in an experiment are called dependent
variables. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 25 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 335. In an experiment, apparent treatment effects can stem from subjects' expectations.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 336. Though placebos are routinely used in clinical research, evidence suggests that the effects of placebos are
generally weak. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 27 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 337. Placebo effects are strongest in pain studies.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual 338. In order to carry out valid research, it may be necessary to keep people unaware of the treatments they
receive. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 27 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Factual
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69
339.A population is a segment or part of a sample. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 29 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Factual 340. Epidemiological studies cannot control for selection factors.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Factual 341. Recent evidence shows there are literally millions of genes in the nucleus of every cell in the body.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 342. The closer people’s kinship, the more likely they are to share similar environmental backgrounds.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 343. Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory was developed primarily on the basis of naturalistic observation.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 31 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.22 Skill: Factual 344. Case studies have been conducted on people who have been dead for hundreds of years.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 31 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.22 Skill: Factual 345.A weakness of case studies is that they lack a treatment group. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 31 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.22 Skill: Factual
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Essay Questions 346. Identify and discuss six criteria that are used to define abnormal behavior.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 5 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.1 Skill: Conceptual 347. Discuss the relationships between cultural beliefs, norms, and the labeling of behavior as normal or
abnormal. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 9 Topic: How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior? Learning Objective: 1.3 Skill: Conceptual 348. Recount the history of the demonological approach to abnormal behavior, referring to ancient and medieval
times. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 10 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.4 Skill: Factual 349. Describe the development of treatment centers for abnormal behavior from asylums through mental
hospitals. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.6-1.7 Skill: Factual 350. Describe the major contributions to the study and treatment of abnormal behavior of three important figures
that lived before 1950. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 9-13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objectives: 1.5-1.7 Skill: Factual 351. Discuss the reform movement and the use of moral therapy, focusing on roles of Pussin, Pinel, Rush, and
Dix. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 13 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.7 Skill: Factual 352. Discuss the factors associated with the current exodus from mental hospitals in the U.S. and its results.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 14 Topic: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.8
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71
Skill: Factual 353. Describe three contemporary perspectives on abnormal behavior.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 16 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.10-1.12 Skill: Conceptual 354. Describe and evaluate sociocultural and biopsychosocial perspectives.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 19 Topic: Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior Learning Objective: 1.12-1.13 Skill: Conceptual 355. Discuss the objectives of a scientific approach to the study of abnormal behavior.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 21 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.14 Skill: Conceptual 356. Describe the steps involved in the scientific method.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 22 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.15 Skill: Conceptual 357. Define ethics and explain what ethical principles in research are designed to do. Also, explain the principles
of informed consent and confidentiality. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 23 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.16 Skill: Conceptual 358. Discuss the value and limitations of the naturalistic observation method.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.17 Skill: Conceptual 359. Discuss the value and limitations of correlational research.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 24 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Conceptual 360. Discuss the value and limitations of longitudinal research.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 25 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 1.18 Skill: Conceptual 361. Describe the purpose and features of the experimental method.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 25 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Conceptual 362. Explain ways in which experimenters control for subjects' and researchers' expectations.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 26 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Applied 363. Describe three types of experimental validity.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 27 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.19 Skill: Conceptual 364. Discuss the value of, and sources of error in, the epidemiological method.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 28 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Conceptual 365. Discuss the importance of drawing representative samples from target populations.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 29 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.20 Skill: Conceptual 366. Explain how various kinship studies suggest roles for genetics in abnormal behavior.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Conceptual 367. Define the following terms: genes, chromosomes, genotype, phenotype and proband.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 30 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.21 Skill: Factual 368. Discuss the value and limitations of the case-study method.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 31 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 1.22 Skill: Conceptual 369. Provide an example of a single-case experimental design and explain how this helps researchers overcome
some of the limitations of the case-study method. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 31 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.22 Skill: Applied 370. Explain why critical thinking is important in the study of abnormal psychology, and briefly describe 7 key
features of critical thinking. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 33 Topic: Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology Learning Objective: 1.22 Skill: Conceptual
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REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS EOC Q1.1 Individuals who threaten or attempt suicide after suffering a devastating loss would meet which of the following criteria for defining abnormality? a) b) c) d)
dangerousness faulty perception of reality lack of emotional responses excessive sensitivity
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Identify criteria professionals use to determine whether behavior is abnormal and apply these criteria to case examples discussed in the text. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Easy EOC Q1.2 Compared to adults over the age of 50, psychological disorders. a) b) c) d)
_ young adults aged 18–25 are affected by
twice as many half as many about the same percentage of three times as many
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the current and lifetime prevalence of psychological disorders in the United States and describe differences in prevalence as a function of gender and age. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q1.3 According to your text, in Western culture models of abnormal behavior that are based on are prominent in explaining abnormal behavior. a) b) c) d)
medical illness or brain disorders and psychological factors genetic mutations psychological factors and social change stress and cultural forces
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the cultural bases of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q1.4 Responses to abnormal behavior, such as the drilling of the skull to provide an outlet for evil spirits, fall under the model. a) b) c) d)
demonological sociocultural biological medical
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the demonological model of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q1.5 Juan is moody and complains frequently of feeling depressed. According to Hippocrates’ beliefs in the balance of bodily humors, Juan has an . a) b) c) d)
excess of black bile excess of yellow bile excess of phlegm overabundance of blood
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.5 Describe the origins of the medical model of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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EOC Q1.6 Modern scholars today generally believe that most individuals accused of witchcraft during the Middle Ages and Renaissance were . a) b) c) d)
perceived as social nuisances, heretics, and political rivals gifted individuals who incited jealousy in their peers individuals who suffered from behaviors we would consider today to be psychological disorders often immigrants from other countries whose language and culture were quite different from the community they resided in
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.6 Describe the treatment of mental patients during medieval times. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q1.7 As a result of the efforts of , 32 mental hospitals devoted to treating people with psychological disorders were established throughout the United States. a) b) c) d)
Dorothea Dix Philippe Pinel Benjamin Rush William Tuke
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.7 Identify the leading reformers of the treatment of the mentally ill and describe the principle underlying moral therapy and the changes that occurred in the treatment of mental patients during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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EOC Q1.8 Compared to the 19th and early 20th centuries, most state hospitals today a) b) c) d)
.
are better managed are less focused on returning the patient to community living offer a longer stay for less intensely disturbed patients are less treatment oriented
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.8 Describe the role of mental hospitals in the mental health system. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q1.9 Simon was a patient of a mental hospital in the 1970s that was shut down due to deinstitutionalization and the establishment of . Left in a community without adequate housing, jobs, or other forms of support, Simon felt that he was essentially pushed to the streets and is now homeless. a) b) c) d)
community mental health centers community mental hospitals collective models of healing communities collaborative medical health centers
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.9 Describe the goals and outcomes of the community mental health movement. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q1.10 Dementia praecox is the term originally given by Kraepelin for what is now known as . a) b) c) d)
schizophrenia depression a mood disorder anxiety
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the medical model of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q1.11 The model is the theoretical orientation of Freud and his followers, in which abnormal behavior can result from forces outside of conscious awareness. a) b) c) d)
psychodynamic biological sociocultural biopsychosocial
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.11 Identify the major psychological models of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q1.12 For over a year John has struggled with overwhelming feelings of hopelessness and apathy. After John’s coworkers learned that he received a diagnosis of depression, John felt stigmatized and alienated while at work. Which theory focuses attention on the social consequences of being labeled? a) b) c) d)
sociocultural biological cognitive psychodynamic
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.12 Describe the sociocultural perspective on abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q1.13 The biopsychosocial perspective, also called the _ model, considers an interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors in the development of psychological disorders. a) b) c) d)
interactionist humanistic psychodynamic medical
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.13 Describe the biopsychosocial perspective on abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q1.14 When psychologists discuss controlling behavior, they mean a) b) c) d)
.
using scientific knowledge to help people shape their own goals and more efficiently use their resources to accomplish them using scientific principles to be able to direct people to behave in certain ways protecting people from being coerced into doing the bidding of others using scientific principles to be able to predict people’s behavior
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.14 Identify four major objectives of science. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q1.15 The first step in the scientific method involves a) b) c) d)
.
formulating a research question testing the study hypothesis enrolling experimental participants participating in an ethics review of the study methods and procedures
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.15 Identify the four major steps in the scientific method. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
EOC Q1.16 Alex is conducting research on depression. For each participant, he provides a document detailing what one can expect to experience while participating in the study. The document explains potential risks and the fact that a placebo may be used. The document Alex is providing to the participants is an example of the principle of . a) b) c) d)
informed consent knowledgeable acceptance confidentiality of records full disclosure
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.16 Identify the ethical principles that guide research in psychology. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q1.17 Jose is curious about the behaviors during pick-up basketball games at the various city parks. After getting institutional review board approval, he decides to study this topic by going to the different parks, watching, and recording what he sees. He is engaging in . a) b) c) d)
naturalistic observation the experimental method the correlational method applied research
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.17 Explain the role of the naturalistic method of research and describe its key features. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
EOC Q1.18 Maria is investigating the relationship between a student’s GPA and the number of hours spent studying per week. She finds that as hours spent studying increase, so does the GPA. Maria’s results represent a . a) b) c) d)
positive correlation causal connection positive variable trend correlation coefficient
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.18 Explain the role of the correlational method of research and describe its key features. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q1.19 If participants in an experiment are blind, it means that they a) b) c) d)
.
are uninformed about the treatments they are receiving are uninformed that they are participating in a research study are selected because they cannot see cannot see the other subjects, so their behavior is not influenced by others
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.19 Explain the role of the experimental method of research and describe its key features. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q1.20 Chanelle is investigating the effects of exposure to magnetic fields on the development of schizophrenia in children. She is tracking children who live both near and at a distance from magnetic fields and is comparing schizophrenia rates between the groups. The type of study she is conducting is referred to as a(n) . a) b) c) d)
epidemiological study correlational study multiple case study design single-blind study
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.20 Explain the role of the epidemiological method of research and describe its key features. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q1.21 Mark has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Since no one else in his family has bipolar disorder, this is referred to as the index case, or . a) b) c) d)
proband seminal type initial read genetic anomaly
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.21 Explain the role of the kinship studies and describe their key features. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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EOC Q1.22 Dr. Jones collects detailed clinical interviews and observations of the adolescents he is treating and studying. Which of the following terms represent the research method Dr. Jones is using? a) b) c) d)
case studies clinical studies personal narratives life histories
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.22 Explain the role of case studies and describe their limitations. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q1.1.1 What percentage of Americans experience a diagnosable psychological disorder in any given year? a) b) c) d)
26% 10% 14% 45%
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the current and lifetime prevalence of psychological disorders in the United States and describe differences in prevalence as a function of gender and age. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q1.1.2 If a person is experiencing hallucinations or holding delusions, he is likely exhibiting signs of which criterion for determining abnormality? a) b) c) d)
faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality significant personal distress dangerousness social deviance
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Identify criteria professionals use to determine whether behavior is abnormal and apply these criteria to case examples discussed in the text. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOM Q1.1.3 It is not unusual for clients to suffer from more than one disorder at a time. In the language of the psychiatric profession, these clients present with , or co-occurring, disorders. a) b) c) d)
comorbid dualistic bi-level coaxial
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Identify criteria professionals use to determine whether behavior is abnormal and apply these criteria to case examples discussed in the text. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q1.1.4 Karen feels very anxious and fearful in facing a major life decision. Her feelings of distress can be considered normal and appropriate, unless they . a) b) c) d)
impair her ability to function affect other people are perceived by others to be inappropriate to the situation cause her to seek support from others
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Identify criteria professionals use to determine whether behavior is abnormal and apply these criteria to case examples discussed in the text. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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EOM Q1.1.5 Among people in China and other countries in the Far East, emotional distress is more often expressed through the development of physical symptoms than by feelings of guilt or sadness, which are more common in the West. This demonstrates . a) b) c) d)
how people from varied backgrounds respond to different mental issues that social norms vary from culture to culture how nature plays a role in development of abnormal behavior the universal nature of some psychological disorders
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the cultural bases of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q1.2.1 In one asylum in London, St. Mary’s of Bethlehem Hospital, from which the word is derived, the public could buy tickets to observe the antics of the inmates. a) b) c) d)
bedlam manic bethel brothel
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.6 Describe the treatment of mental patients during medieval times. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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EOM Q1.2.2 Jean-Baptiste Pussin, believing that people who behave abnormally suffer from diseases and should be treated humanely, was the first official to at La Bicêtre, a large mental hospital in Paris. a) b) c) d)
unchain a group of the “incurably insane” stop harsh practices such as bleeding and purging take time to have lengthy conversations with the patients move patients from darkened dungeons to sunny rooms
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.7 Identify the leading reformers of the treatment of the mentally ill and describe the principle underlying moral therapy and the changes that occurred in the treatment of mental patients during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q1.2.3 During the 1960s, community mental health centers were charged with providing continuing support and care to former hospital residents who were released from state mental hospitals under a policy of . a) b) c) d)
deinstitutionalization exodus downsizing release
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.9 Describe the goals and outcomes of the community mental health movement. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOM Q1.2.4 The ancient practice whereby a hole was drilled in the skull to release demons responsible for abnormal behavior was called . a) b) c) d)
trephination spirit release fracturing skull excavation
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the demonological model of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q1.2.5 Anne is cheerful and optimistic; Susan is sluggish and lethargic. According to Hippocrates’ assessment of the balance of humors in the body, Anne would be described as having an excess of while Susan would be described as having an excess of . a) b) c) d)
blood; phlegm phlegm; black bile blood; yellow bile black bile; yellow bile
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.5 Describe the origins of the medical model of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q1.3.1 Emil Kraepelin, who wrote an influential textbook in which he linked mental disorders to physical diseases, helped to pave the way for the modern medical model, which attempts to explain abnormal behavior . a) b) c) d)
on the basis of underlying biological defects or abnormalities through ties to society through a combination of biological, psychological, and sociocultural domains as genetic diseases
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the medical model of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Difficult
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EOM Q1.3.2 Jean-Martin Charcot, a French neurologist, was an important influence on _ a) b) c) d)
.
Sigmund Freud Hippocrates Emil Kraepelin Philippe Pinel
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.11 Identify the major psychological models of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q1.3.3 The perspective posits that the causes of abnormal behavior may be found in the failures of society rather than the person. a) b) c) d)
sociocultural biological sociological psychodynamic
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.12 Describe the sociocultural perspective on abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q1.3.4 Dr. Erikson, a psychodynamic psychologist, encourages his clients to bring their underlying emotions to the surface and release them during therapy. This process is called . a) b) c) d)
catharsis displacement projection free association
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.11 Identify the major psychological models of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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EOM Q1.3.5 The biopsychosocial, or interactionist, model of abnormal behavior includes a combination of . a) b) c) d)
biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors sociocultural and biological factors only biological and psychological factors only biological, psychological, sociological, and environmental factors
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.13 Describe the biopsychosocial perspective on abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q1.4.1 The study is a type of study in which individuals are periodically tested or evaluated over lengthy periods of time. a) b) c) d)
longitudinal single-blind placebo control correlational experimental
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.18 Explain the role of the correlational method of research and describe its key features. Skill Level: Easy Difficulty: Remember EOM Q1.4.2 John and Peter are brothers. Their appearance is identical and many people have difficulty telling them apart. Twins such as these brothers are also referred to as , or identical, twins. a) b) c) d)
monozygotic fraternal dizygotic DZ
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.21 Explain the role of the kinship studies and describe their key features. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOM Q1.4.3 According to your text, critical thinking always involves which of the following? a) b) c) d)
skeptical thinking flexibility creative thinking acceptance of ideas
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.22 Explain the role of case studies and describe their limitations. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q1.4.4 Zena is a consulting psychologist who conducts workshops where she advises teachers on how to maintain student behavior in the classroom. Which of the following goals of psychology is she applying? a) b) c) d)
control prediction explanation description
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.14 Identify four major objectives of science. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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EOM Q1.4.5 Dr. Michaels is conducting an experiment where people are subjected to different temperature rooms and they are being observed to see if their behaviors change. It is hypothesized that in the rooms that are warmer, people’s behavior becomes more aggressive. What is the independent variable? a) b) c) d)
temperature of the room observable behaviors the amount of aggressive behavior size of the room
Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.19 Explain the role of the experimental method of research and describe its key features. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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Total Assessment Guide Topic Learning Objective Introduction
Learning Objective 2.1
Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 2.2
Learning Objective 2.3
Essay Multiple Choice
Applied 1
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358 399, 400, 401 84, 88, 89
4, 56
33, 54, 55, 60, 61, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 78
359 402 94, 100, 115, 118, 120, 123, 129, 131, 134, 139, 144, 147, 148, 149, 152, 153, 154, 155, 162, 163, 164, 165, 169, 175, 176, 177, 178
True-False
360, , 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369 406
Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective
Conceptual
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
Essay Learning Objective 2.4
Factual 2, 3
Essay Multiple Choice
179, 182, 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 200, 202, 203, 205, 207, 208, 209, 210, 212, 213, 215, 218, 219, 220 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377 410 221, 222, 223, 224,
83, 85, 86, 87, 90, 91
92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 130, 132, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141, 142, 143, 145, 150, 151, 158, 159, 160, 161, 166, 167, 168, 171, 172, 173
103, 108, 113, 116, 117, 119, 121, 122, 133, 140, 146, 156, 157, 170, 174
403, 404, 405, 407, 408 180, 181, 183, 184, 185, 190, 193, 206, 211, 214
186, 187, 188, 189, 191, 199, 201, 204, 216, 217
411, 412, 413 230, 233, 234, 237
409 228, 229, 231, 232,
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Topic 2.5 True-False
Learning Objective 2.6
Learning Objective 2.7
Learning Objective 2.8
Learning Objective 2.9
Learning Objective 2.10
Learning Objective 2.11
Learning Objective 2.12
Learning Objective 2.13
Learning Objective 2.14
Learning Objective 2.15
Learning Objective
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
Factual 225, 226, 227, 236, 238 378, 379, 380, 381, 382 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 250, 251, 252, 254, 255, 256, 260, 261, 262, 263, 266, 267, 271, 273, 274, 279, 281, 282, 283 383, 384, 385
288, 289
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
290
True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
414 239, 240, 249, 253, 257, 258, 259, 264, 265
Applied 235
246, 247, 268, 269, 270, 272, 275, 276, 277, 278, 280
415 284, 286, 287
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
Conceptual
285
386 416 291
292, 293, 295, 296, 297, 298 387 299, 301, 302, 303, 304, 309, 311, 312, 313, 314, 318, 319, 322, 323, 324 388, 389, 390
294
306, 307, 308, 315, 316, 317, 320, 321, 325, 326
300, 305, 310
417 327, 328, 329, 330, 331 391, 392 337, 338, 339 393, 394, 395 420 340, 341, 342, 343, 344 396, 397
418 332, 333, 334, 335, 336 419
345
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Topic 2.16
Factual
Learning Objective 2.17
True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay
Conceptual
Applied
346 398
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95
2 Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior and Methods of Treatment Multiple-Choice Questions 1.
In the case study of “Jessica’s Little Secret,” Jessica’s bulimia nervosa is maladaptive in the sense that it can lead to: a. extreme loss of weight. b. social problems. c. minor health problems. d. unwanted social attention from others that is commonly associated with maintaining an ideal body type. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Applied
2.
In contemporary times, the understanding of abnormal behavior has been largely approached from . a. spiritual perspectives b. mathematical models c. natural and social science theoretical models d. historical perspectives ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
3.
Page: 40
Page: 41
Many scholars today believe that abnormal behavior patterns are . a. best explained with biological models b. complex phenomena that are best understood by taking into account multiple perspectives c. adaptations to difficult-to-understand modern social structures d. the result of the alienation associated with large, rapidly changing cultures ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
Page: 41
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4.
The medical model represents a a. phenomenological b. behavioral ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Conceptual
5.
Neurons are cells. a. glial b. connective ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
8.
. axons synapses
c. d.
Page: 41
c. d.
adipose nerve
Page: 41
The part of the neuron that receives messages from other neurons is called the a. nucleus c. dendrite b. axon d. soma ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
9.
in recent years.
Page: 41
The nervous system is made up of cells called a. somas b. neurons ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
7.
Page: 41
Our understanding of the biological underpinnings of abnormal behavior has a. been eliminated c. remained unchanged b. declined d. grown ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
6.
perspective on abnormal behavior. c. biological d. cognitive
.
Page: 41
The part of the neuron that transmits messages to other neurons is called the a. nucleus c. dendrite b. axon d. soma
.
ANSWER: B Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
97
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 41
10. Axons can extend as long as several a. millimeters b. inches
. c. d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 11. Terminals are located at the end of a. nuclei b. axons ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
feet meters
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. c. d.
dendrites somas
Page: 41
12. Neurons transmit messages to other neurons by means of chemical substances known as a. precursors c. neurotransmitters b. hormones d. peptides ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 13. Neurotransmitters induce a. dendrites b. somas
.
Page: 42
in receiving neurons. c. chemical changes d. structural changes
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 42
14. The junction between a transmitting neuron and a receiving neuron is called the a. sheath c. hillock b. synapse d. knob ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
.
Page: 42
15. The proper sequence of structures a neural message passes through as it moves from one neuron to the next is Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
98
. a. b.
dendrite, cell body, axon dendrite, axon, cell body
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 16. Receptor sites are located on the a. endocrine system b. axons ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
axon, cell body, dendrite cell body, dendrite, axon
Page: 41
. c. d.
dendrites cell body
Page: 42
17. The part of a dendrite on a receiving neuron that is structured to receive a neurotransmitter is the a. terminal c. myelin sheath b. receptor site d. hillock ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
.
Page: 42
18. Each kind of neurotransmitter . a. is unique and will fit into only one type of receptor site b. will fit into several types, but not most types of receptor sites c. will fit into most, but not all types of receptor sites d. will fit into every type of receptor site ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 42
19. The process of neurotransmitters being reabsorbed by the axon terminal is called a. diffusion c. reuptake b. recycling d. regurgitation ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
.
Page: 42
20. Anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, and eating disorders have been linked to imbalances of a. acetylcholine c. serotonin b. dopamine d. epinephrine
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.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 42
21. Two popular antidepressants, Prozac and Zoloft, increase the availability of a. acetylcholine c. serotonin b. dopamine d. cortisol ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
in the brain.
Page: 42
22. Alzheimer's disease has been associated with deficiencies of . a. acetylcholine c. norepinephrine b. dopamine d. serotonin ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 43
23. Schizophrenia has been linked to overutilization of a. acetylcholine c. b. dopamine d. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
. norepinephrine serotonin
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24. A neurotransmitter linked to anxiety disorders and depression is a. thyroxin c. dopamine b. acetylcholine d. serotonin ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
.
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25. The two major parts of the nervous system are the . a. sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems b. central and peripheral nervous systems c. brain and spinal cord d. autonomic and somatic nervous systems ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 43 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Skill: Factual 26. The brain and spinal cord make up the a. central b. somatic ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 27. The a. b.
nervous system. c. sympathetic d. parasympathetic
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nervous system is made up of nerves that receive and transmit sensory messages to the brain. central c. reticular peripheral d. limbic
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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28. The hindbrain consists of . a. the pons, thalamus, and reticular activating system b. the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus c. the medulla, pons, and cerebellum d. the cerebellum, reticular activating system, and hippocampus ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 29.
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The medulla, pons, and cerebellum are all parts of the . a. forebrain c. midbrain b. prebrain d. hindbrain ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 44 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
30. The a. b.
plays a role in vital functions like heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure. pons c. medulla reticular activating system d. cerebellum
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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31. The transmits information about body movement and is involved in functions related to attention, sleep, and respiration. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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a. b.
pons thalamus
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 32. The a. b.
c. d.
medulla cerebellum
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is located behind the pons and is involved in balance and motor behavior. cerebrum c. medulla reticular activating system d. cerebellum
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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33. Celia is having difficulty maintaining her balance and coordinating her muscle movements. Assuming her problems result from a brain injury, one would first examine her . a. pons c. medulla b. thalamus d. cerebellum ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 44 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Applied 34. The lies just above the hindbrain and contains neural pathways linking the hindbrain to the upper regions of the brain. a. forebrain c. midbrain b. prebrain d. underbrain ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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35. The extends from the hindbrain to the lower part of the forebrain and is involved in regulating states of arousal. a. pons c. reticular activating system b. medulla d. cerebellum ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 44 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 36. The a. b.
plays vital roles in regulating sleep, attention, and arousal. limbic system c. medulla reticular activating system d. cerebellum
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ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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37. Depressant drugs, such as alcohol, lower activity in the . a. reticular activating system c. cochlea b. amygdala d. optic chiasm ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 38. The reticular activating system is part of the a. parietal region b. prebrain ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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. c. d.
midbrain occipital lobe
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39. The part of the brain involved with states of arousal is: a. cerebellum. c. reticular activating system. b. hippocampus. d. basal ganglia. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 40. The brain. a. b.
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relays sensory information from the sense organs (i.e., the eyes and ears) to higher regions of the thalamus hypothalamus
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
c. d.
basal ganglia cerebellum
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41. The , in coordination with the reticular activating system, is involved in such functions as sleep and attention. a. cingulate nucleus c. medulla b. thalamus d. cerebellum ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1
Page: 45
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Skill: Factual 42. The
is a tiny structure located under the thalamus. a. cingulate gyrus c. hippocampus b. cerebellum d. hypothalamus ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
43. The a. b.
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is vital in regulating body temperature, fluid concentrations, and motivation and emotional states. thalamus c. basal ganglia hypothalamus d. cerebellum
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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44. The is involved in a range of motivational drives and behaviors, including hunger, thirst, sex, parenting behaviors, and aggression. a. thalamus c. basal ganglia b. hypothalamus d. cerebellum ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 45. The hypothalamus is part of the a. limbic system b. endocrine system ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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. c. d.
basal ganglia hindbrain
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46. The plays a role in emotional processing and memory and in regulating basic drives involving hunger, thirst, and aggression. a. basal ganglia c. reticular activating system b. cerebellum d. limbic system ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 47. The a.
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regulate(s) postural movements and coordination. basal ganglia c. pons Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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b.
thalamus
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 48. The a. b.
d.
limbic system
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is the brain’s “crowning glory,” and is responsible for most thinking processes. cerebellum c. corpus callosum cerebrum d. limbic system
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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49. The cerebral cortex makes up the surface of the a. cerebrum b. cerebellum ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
. c. corpus callosum d. limbic system
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50. The deterioration of the basal ganglia is associated with . a. Alzheimer’s disease c. Huntington’s disease b. Schizophrenia d. Autism ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 51.
The a. b.
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has been implicated in certain types of sleep disorders. medulla c. hippocampus amygdala d. hypothalamus
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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52. The two major divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the nervous systems. a. sympathetic and somatic c. autonomic and somatic b. sympathetic and central d. sympathetic and parasympathetic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1
Page: 46
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Skill: Factual 53. The nervous system transmits visual messages, auditory messages, and information such as body position and temperature to the brain. a. somatic c. sympathetic b. autonomic d. parasympathetic ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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54. The somatic nervous system is associated with processing a. emotions b. complex thought c. information from glands and involuntary bodily processes d. messages from sense organs ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Applied 55. Messages from the brain to the and walking. a. somatic b. central ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Applied
.
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nervous system regulate intentional body movements like raising an arm c. d.
sympathetic parasympathetic
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56. The nervous system regulates the glands and involuntary activities such as heart rate, digestion, and pupil dilation. a. somatic c. central b. autonomic d. limbic ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Conceptual 57. The a. b.
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nervous system is also known as the “automatic” nervous system. central c. autonomic somatic d. endocrine
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 46
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58. The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are part of the a. central c. autonomic b. somatic d. endocrine ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
nervous system.
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59. The autonomic nervous system has two branches, the . a. central and peripheral c. somatic and sympathetic b. somatic and peripheral d. sympathetic and parasympathetic ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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60. Allen is in his house alone late at night when he hears a loud, frightening noise. His heart begins pounding, his senses sharpen, and his muscles tense up. Allen's reaction is due to the activity of his nervous system. a. sympathetic c. somatic b. parasympathetic d. central ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Applied
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61. Len sits down to relax in his easy chair after a long, hard day at work. As he sits reading his paper, he grows more relaxed. His breathing and heart rate slow down, and his muscles loosen. Len's relaxation is due to the activity of his nervous system. a. sympathetic c. somatic b. parasympathetic d. central ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Applied 62. When we relax, the a. pons b. cerebellum
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decelerates the heart rate. c. parasympathetic nervous system d. right hemisphere
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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63. During processes that replenish energy reserves, such as digestion, . a. neither the sympathetic nor the parasympathetic divisions are active Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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b. c. d.
the sympathetic division is most active the parasympathetic division is most active both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are equally active
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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64. When we are anxious or fearful, . a. neither the sympathetic nor the parasympathetic divisions are active b. the sympathetic division is most active c. the parasympathetic division is most active d. both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are equally active ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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65. Each hemisphere of the cerebrum is divided into a. two c. b. four d. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 66.
lobes. six eight
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The visual processing area of the cortex lies in the lobe. a. frontal c. temporal b. parietal d. occipital ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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67. The occipital lobe is primarily involved in processing . a. sensations of touch and pain c. auditory stimuli b. muscle control d. visual stimuli ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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68. Susan was in a serious car accident and lost her vision as a result of the injuries she sustained. Susan may have suffered damage to her . a. amygdala c. occipital lobe b. prefrontal cortex d. temporal lobe Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Applied
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69. Susan was in a serious car accident and lost her ability to comprehend consequences of her actions as a result of the injuries she sustained. Susan may have suffered damage to her . a. amygdala c. occipital lobe b. frontal cortex d. temporal lobe ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Applied
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70. Susan was in a serious car accident and lost her sense of fear as a result of the injuries she sustained. Susan may have suffered damage to her _ . a. amygdala c. occipital lobe b. prefrontal cortex d. temporal lobe ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Applied
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71. Susan was in a serious car accident and lost her hearing as a result of the injuries she sustained. Susan may have suffered damage to her _ . a. amygdala c. occipital lobe b. prefrontal cortex d. temporal lobe ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Applied
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72. Susan was in a serious car accident and lost her sense of touch as a result of the injuries she sustained. Susan may have suffered damage to her . a. parietal c. occipital lobe b. prefrontal cortex d. temporal lobe ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Applied 73. The auditory area of the cortex lies in the a. frontal b. parietal
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lobe. c. temporal d. occipital
ANSWER: C Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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74. Maria accidentally collided with a tree while she was skiing and subsequently lost some of her ability to hear. Maria’s accident most likely resulted in damage to her . a. temporal lobe c. parietal lobe b. occipital lobe d. frontal lobe ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Applied
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75. The area of the cortex involved in skin sensation is the lobe. a. frontal c. temporal b. parietal d. occipital ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 76. The parietal lobe is involved in processing a. visual stimuli b. auditory stimuli ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 77. The sensory area of the a. parietal b. temporal
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. c. d.
muscle control sensations of touch, temperature and pain
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lobe receives messages from skin sensors all over the body. c. frontal d. occipital
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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78. Ever since John had a stroke, he must be careful when cooking on the stove because he cannot feel hot temperatures and he could burn himself. Most likely John has suffered damage to his . a. prefrontal cortex c. parietal lobe b. frontal lobe d. temporal lobe ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Applied
Page: 46
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79. The area of the cortex most involved in memory, speech, language, and the controlling of voluntary muscle response is the lobe. a. frontal c. temporal b. parietal d. occipital ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
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80. The prefrontal cortex lies in front of the a. occipital lobe b. parietal lobe ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 81. The a. b.
. c. motor cortex d. cerebellum
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is involved in higher mental functions like use of language, problem solving, and thought. limbic system c. cerebellum parasympathetic nervous system d. prefrontal cortex
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 82. The motor cortex is part of the a. frontal b. parietal ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 46
lobe. c. d.
temporal occipital
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83. Unlike many psychological disorders, Alzheimer’s disease . a. involves only one area of the brain b. requires an interaction between biological processes and environment c. does not involve personality changes d. is caused chiefly by biological processes ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.2 Skill: Conceptual
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84. The field of epigenetics focuses on how . a. environmental factors influence genetic expression Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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b. c. d.
genetic factors influence unconscious motives learning theories affect environmental factors humanistic theories determine DNA
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.2 Skill: Factual
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85. According to the principles of epigenetics, early life experiences, such as stress, diet, sexual or physical abuse, and exposure to toxic chemicals, may determine . a. whether new neurons develop in the brain b. whether certain genes become switched on or remain dormant later in life c. if repressed issues manifest themselves later in adulthood d. if DNA is passed on to the next generation ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.2 Skill: Conceptual
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86. Using their new genetic knowledge, scientists aspire to successfully treat mental disorders by a. blocking the effects of harmful or defective genes b. developing patches to deliver medication c. cloning newborns d. finding compatible tissue donors ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.2 Skill: Conceptual
.
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87. As the debate on epigenetics continues, the authors of your textbook offer a few key points to consider. Which of the following is one of those key points? a. Genes dictate behavioral outcomes. b. Genetic factors make it a certainty that certain behaviors or disorders will develop. c. Multigenetic determinism affects psychological disorders. d. Genetic factors and environmental influence do not interact with each other in determining our vulnerability to a range of psychological disorders. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.2 Skill: Conceptual
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88. The debate of heredity versus environment is also known as . a. genes versus means c. body versus soul b. Mendel versus Darwin d. nature versus nurture ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Biological Perspective
Page: 48
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Learning Objective: 2.2 Skill: Factual 89. For monozygotic (identical) twins, if one twin develops schizophrenia, the odds that the other twin will also develop schizophrenia are about percent. a. 25 c. 75 b. 50 d. 100 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.2 Skill: Factual
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90. The contemporary view of the nature-nurture debate is best expressed in terms of a. neither nature nor nurture b. nature, not nurture c. nurture, not nature d. nature and nurture acting together ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.2 Skill: Conceptual
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91. Nature equals things like whereas nurture equals things like a. genetics; genes b. the environment; your family c. your family; your intelligence d. your parents’ genes; the environments you are raised within ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.2 Skill: Conceptual
.
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92. According to Freud, unconscious motives and conflicts revolve around a. a drive for self-actualization b. primitive sexual and aggressive instincts c. learned motives d. irrational thinking ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
.
.
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93. According to Freud, abnormal behavior patterns represent symptoms . a. indicating that the individual is overwhelmed by negative environmental stimuli b. resulting from a physiological breakdown in the neural pathways of the cerebral cortex c. indicating that the sufferers consciously use illness to manipulate others into paying attention to them d. of dynamic struggles taking place within the unconscious mind Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
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94. Which of the following is one of the three structures of the mind described by Freud? a. The conscious c. The superego b. The post conscious d. The libido ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
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95. A region of the mind that corresponds to one’s present awareness is called a. conscious c. superego b. superconscious d. hypothalamus ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
.
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96. Freud postulated awareness of our basic urges would result in a. insight c. anxiety b. depression d. catharsis
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3):2 Page: 50 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual 97. According to Freud, the part of the mind that is largely hidden and can only be brought into awareness with great difficulty, if at all, is the . a. conscious c. preconscious b. superconscious d. unconscious ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 50
98. According to Freud, the part of the mind that can only be brought into awareness indirectly, is the a. conscious c. preconscious b. superconscious d. unconscious ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3
Page: 50
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.
Skill: Conceptual 99. According to Freud, the part of the mind that one can always be aware of is a. conscious c. preconscious b. superconscious d. unconscious ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
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100. Freud’s structural hypothesis proposes that the personality is divided into a. two c. four b. three d. five ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
102. According to Freud, the a. id b. superego
mental entities.
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101. Freudian theory states that the only psychic structure present at birth is the a. id c. ego b. superego d. persona ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
.
.
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follows the pleasure principle. c. ego d. persona
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
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103. An infant demands instant gratification of its needs without consideration of social customs or the needs of others. The infant is responding to the principle. a. survival c. Oedipal b. reality d. pleasure ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Applied
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104. In Freudian terms, the is the part of the mind where we can find memories that we are not aware of, but can be brought into our awareness by focusing on them. a. conscious Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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b. c. d.
latent conscious subconscious unconscious
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
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105. Moral standards and values of a child's parents and other important people in his or her life become internalized during . a. adolescence c. middle childhood b. late childhood d. early childhood ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
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106. Freud proposed that a child's moral standards become internalized through the formation of the a. id c. superego b. ego d. alter-ego ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
.
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107. Which Freudian construct endeavors to satisfy cravings without offending moral standards? a. ego c. id b. superego d. fixation ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
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108. Rachel’s boyfriend is pressing her to have sex; her parents have brought her up to believe that premarital sex is wrong. As she weighs out her decision, Rachel frequently thinks of what her parents have taught her. Based on Rachel’s thoughts, which Freudian psychic structure appears to be influencing her decision? a. id c. superego b. ego d. persona ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Applied
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109. Freud believed we protect ourselves from allowing socially unacceptable wishes or impulses that would be inconsistent with our moral values or social responsibilities from rising into conscious awareness through the use of . Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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a. b.
response sets defense mechanisms
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
secondary process thinking primary process thinking
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110. The ego uses defense mechanisms to . a. prevent socially unacceptable desires from reaching the unconscious parts of the mind b. prevent socially unacceptable desires from rising into consciousness c. mobilize the body to fight off or run away from an external threat d. prevent the superego from thwarting id desires ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual 111. The most basic defense mechanism is a. regression b. repression ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
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. c. d.
denial rationalization
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112. Defense mechanisms involve a dynamic struggle between the . a. ego and the conscience c. id and the pleasure principle b. ego and the superego d. id and the ego ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
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113. People can remain outwardly calm and controlled while they inwardly harbor murderous or lustful impulses of which they are unaware through Freudian defense mechanism known as . a. regression c. identification b. projection d. repression ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Applied
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114. Freud noted that slips of the tongue and ordinary forgetfulness can represent hidden motives that are kept out of consciousness by . a. repression c. denial b. displacement d. sublimation Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
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115. The use of justifications, or excuses, for unacceptable behavior is a form of self-deception that is called a. projection c. reaction formation b. sublimation d. rationalization ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
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116.A man explains his cheating on his income taxes by saying, “Everyone does it, and besides the government steals from me every week” is using the defense mechanism of . a. rationalization c. reaction formation b. projection d. identification ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Applied
Page: 51
117.A woman who has been reprimanded at work by her boss and quietly accepts his criticism. She later yells at her children without provocation from them. The defense mechanism she is using is . a. projection c. sublimation b. displacement d. regression ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Applied
Page: 51
118.The defense mechanism where one imposes one's own unacceptable impulses or wishes onto another person is . a. projection c. sublimation b. displacement d. reaction formation ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 51 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual 119.A sexually frustrated woman interprets innocent glances from others as sexual advances. Her defense mechanism is . a. rationalization c. displacement b. reaction formation d. projection ANSWER: D Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
118
.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Applied
Page: 51
120.Adopting public behaviors that are the extreme opposite of one's genuine desires in order to keep those desires repressed is called . a. displacement c. reaction formation b. sublimation d. denial ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 51
121.A conservative man who cannot accept his own sexual desires begins a highly publicized crusade to stamp out pornography. His defense mechanism is . a. repression c. projection b. reaction formation d. displacement ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Applied
Page: 51
122.A college student with a "D-" average tells her parents that school is going well and refuses to admit to herself that she might fail. Her defense mechanism is . a. denial c. sublimation b. repression d. reaction formation ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Applied
Page: 51
123. The channeling of unacceptable impulses into positive, constructive pursuits is called
a. b.
sublimation displacement
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Page: 51
124. Freud argued that
a. b.
.
reaction formation projection
are the dominant factors in the development of personality, even among children. security needs c. sexual drives self-actualizing tendencies d. cognitive styles
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3
Page: 52
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119
Skill: Conceptual 125. The word
a. b.
is probably closest in present-day meaning to what Freud meant by sexuality. lust c. sensuality infatuation d. stimulation
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 52
126. According to Freud, the basic drive to preserve and perpetuate life is called
a. b.
libido Eros
c. d.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
.
thanatos self-actualization
Page: 52
127. According to Freud, libidinal energy is expressed through
a. b.
the ego the superego
. aggression sexual pleasure
c. d.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 52
128. Freud believed that sexual energy is expressed through sexual pleasure in different body parts called
zones. a. b.
subduction transference
c. d.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual 129. Freud proposed several stages of
a. b.
cognitive moral
Page: 52
development. c. psychosexual d. psychosocial
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 52
130. For Freud, the stages of human development are
a. familial b. psychosexual
Oedipal erogenous
c. d.
in nature. regressive creative
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120
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 52
131. The correct chronological order of Freud's stages of development is
a. b.
anal, oral, phallic, latency, genital anal, oral, latency, phallic, genital
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
. oral, anal, genital, latency, phallic oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
c. d.
Page: 52
132. The Freudian stages of human development correspond to the transfer of
a. b.
libidinal energy; erogenous zone eros; libido
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
from one anxiety; psychic structure knowledge; area of the mind
c. d.
to another.
Page: 52
133. Mary is a baby and likes to put everything she touches into her mouth to suck on it or bite on it. According to
Freud, she is in the a. anal b. oral
stage.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Applied 134. The phallic stage generally begins during the
a. b.
second third
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
c. d.
latency phallic
Page: 52
year of life. c. fourth d. fifth
Page: 52
135. The conflict hypothesized by Freud in which little boys sexually desire their mothers and wish to eliminate their
fathers is called the . a. Electra complex b. Odysseus complex ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective
c. d.
Oedipus complex Thanatos complex
Page: 52
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121
Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual 136. The conflict hypothesized by Freud in which little girls sexually desire their fathers and wish to eliminate their
mothers is called the . a. Electra complex b. Odysseus complex
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
Oedipus complex Thanatos complex
Page: 52
137. According to Freud, sexual drives diminish and children’s interests become more directed toward school and
play activities during the a. oral b. latency
stage.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
phallic genital
Page: 52
138. In Freud’s theory, mature sexuality emerges only during the
a. b.
oral latency
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
stage.
genital phallic
Page: 53
139. According to Freud, too little or too much gratification at any stage can lead to
a. b.
resistance fixation
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
counter-transference transference
Page: 53
140. Sean is a 38-year-old man who suffers from alcoholism, smokes, overeats, and bites his nails. Freud would most
likely say that Sean is fixated in the a. anal b. oral ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Applied
stage of development. c. latency d. phallic
Page: 53
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122
141. Orally fixated adults, according to Freud, may tend to become socially
a. b.
isolated dependent
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
.
c. gregarious d. angry
Page: 53
142. In general, contemporary psychodynamic theorists believe that one’s behavior is a reflection of
a. b. c. d.
.
conscious motivation unresolved longings for the opposite sex parent defensive responses to anxiety basic instincts such as sex and aggression
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 53
143. To Jung, the accumulated experiences of humankind are passed down genetically through the generations in the
. a. b.
personal unconscious anima
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
animus collective unconscious
Page: 53
144. The idea of a “collective unconscious” is most closely linked to the thinking of
a. b.
Carl Jung Erik Erikson
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Page: 53
145. According to Jung, the collective unconscious contains primitive images, or
our species. a. ancestral schemas b. personal constructs ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
.
Alfred Adler Karen Horney
c. d.
, reflects upon the history of
archetypes social constructs
Page: 53
146. Mythical images such as the all-powerful God, the young hero, the nurturing mother, the wise old man, and the
evil demon are examples of what Jung called
.
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123
a. b.
ancestral schemas personal constructs
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Applied
c. d.
archetypes social constructs
Page: 53
147. The theorist credited with developing analytical psychology was
a. b.
Eric Erikson Alfred Adler
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
Karen Horney Carl Jung
Page: 53
148. Alfred Adler believed that people were basically driven by _
a. b.
the sexual instinct an inferiority complex
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
. basic anxiety psychosocial motives
c. d.
Page: 53
149. According to Adler, feelings of inferiority due to physical deficits can lead to the development of a powerful
. a. b.
need for security set of defense mechanisms
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
c. d.
identity crisis drive for superiority
Page: 53
150. According to Adler, the self-aware aspect of our personality that strives to overcome obstacles and develop our
individual potential is called . a. the self-actualizing tendency b. the persona ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
the ego ideal the creative self
Page: 53
151. Adler shifted the emphasis of psychodynamic theory from the
a. b.
ego to the id ego to the superego
c. d.
. id to the superego id to the ego
ANSWER: D Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
124
Level of Difficulty (1-3):3 Page: 53 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual 152. Adler's psychological theory has been termed
a. b.
analytical psychology ego psychology
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
c. d.
. individual psychology client-centered psychology
Page: 53
153. Which of the following terms is most closely associated with the thinking of Karen Horney?
a. b.
The collective unconscious Basic anxiety
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Page: 54
154. Karen Horney stressed the importance of
a. b.
in the development of emotional problems. c. parent-child relationships d. an inferiority complex
psychosocial development psychosexual development
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 54
155. Heinz Hartmann was one of the originators of
a. b.
analytical psychology individual psychology
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
An inferiority complex Ego identity
. ego psychology client-centered psychology
c. d.
Page: 54
156. Unlike Freud, Hartmann would not attribute a choice of a career in art to
a. sublimation b. repression ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Applied
.
c. reaction formation d. displacement
Page: 54
157.A noted psychologist argues that the ego is the dominant part of personality and its cognitive functions can be Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
125
free of conflict. It is capable of making growth-oriented choices such as seeking an education, dedicating oneself to art or poetry, or furthering the good of humanity, and these choices are more than simply defensive forms of sublimation. This psychologist's views are MOST similar to those of . a. Heinz Hartmann c. Sigmund Freud b. Carl Jung d. E. L. Thorndike ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Applied
Page: 54
158. Erik Erikson attributed more importance to children's
a. b.
social relationships moral maturity
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
than to unconscious processes. cognitive development sexual maturity
Page: 54
159. Erikson's theory of development differs from Freud's in that it claims that mental development
a. b.
is complete by age six is complete by puberty
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
Page: 54
160. According to Erikson, the goal of adolescence is the development of
a. b.
physical maturity genital sexuality
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
.
is complete by young adulthood continues throughout life
c. d.
.
ego identity self-actualization
Page: 54
161. The psychodynamic theory which focuses on how children come to develop symbolic representations of
important others in their lives, especially their parents, is called . a. psychoanalysis c. ego psychology b. object-relations theory d. Gestalt theory ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 54
162. For Margaret Mahler, the key to personality development is
a. b.
social relationships with peers cognitive development
c. d.
. separation from the mother someone’s style of coping with guilt
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126
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 55
163. Margaret Mahler is most closely associated with
a. b.
psychoanalysis object-relations theory
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
theory. individual psychology Gestalt theory
c. d.
Page: 55
164. Which of the following theorists is most closely associated with object-relations theory?
a. b.
Heinz Hartman Margaret Mahler
c. d.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
Harry Stack Sullivan Karen Horney
Page: 55
165. The process of introjection was most crucial to the theory of
a. b.
. c. Carl Jung d. Margaret Mahler
Erik Erickson Alfred Adler
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual 166.
Page: 55
Freud believed that the underlying conflicts in psychological disorders . a. had childhood origins c. were learned in adulthood b. had adolescent origins d. disappeared by adulthood ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 55
167. According to Freud, when the id breaks completely through to consciousness and the ego is no longer able to
keep a lid on its urges, a. compulsiveness b. neurosis
results.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3
c. d.
psychosis psychopathic behavior
Page: 55
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127
Skill: Conceptual 168. According to Freud, when the id leaks through to consciousness and the ego addresses these urges,
results. a. compulsiveness b. neurosis ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
psychosis psychopathic behavior
Page: 55
169.A severe form of disturbed behavior characterized by impaired ability to interpret reality and difficulty meeting the demands of daily life is . a. neurosis c. catharsis b. symbiosis d. psychosis ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 55
170. Harlan suffers from bizarre hallucinations and delusions of persecution in which he believes demons are
tormenting him. He often babbles aimlessly and contorts his body into grotesque positions, claiming the demons are doing it to him. Freud would argue that Harlan has . a. a neurosis c. a psychosis b. a personality disorder d. an excess of free association ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Applied
Page: 55
171. For Freud, psychological health was related to
a. b. c. d.
.
the abilities to love and work differentiation of the self compensation for feelings of inferiority positive outcomes of resolving life crises
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 55
172. For both Jung and Adler, psychological health was related to
a. b. c. d.
.
the abilities to love and work differentiation of the self compensation for feelings of inferiority positive outcomes of resolving life crises
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
Page: 56
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128
Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual 173. Adler, but not Jung, felt that psychological health was related to
a. b. c. d.
.
the abilities to love and work differentiation of the self compensation for feelings of inferiority positive outcomes of resolving life crises
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 56
174. Maureen is feeling increasingly anxious. Her therapist suggests to Maureen that she has not psychologically
separated herself from her mother. Maureen’s therapist most likely agrees with the theories of a. Erik Erickson c. Carl Jung b. Karen Horney d. Margaret Mahler ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Applied
.
Page: 55
175. Which of the following is true of psychodynamic theory?
a. b. c. d.
Psychodynamic theory fails to adequately account for the effects of sexual and aggressive impulses. The impact of psychodynamic theory was limited to the late 19th century and contributed little to modern views of psychological disorders. Freud’s ideas of childhood sexuality were both illuminating and controversial. Freud’s theory increased awareness that people may be motivated by an innate drive for selfactualization.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 56
176. Which of the following is a criticism of Freud's theory?
a. b. c. d.
Many of Freud’s concepts cannot be scientifically proved or disproved. Freud underemphasized the importance of unconscious processes on behavior. Freud overemphasized the role of social relationships in shaping personality. Freud placed too much emphasis on early childhood experiences in the development of personality.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 56
177. The first major psychological theories of abnormal behavior were
.
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129
a. b.
phenomenological theories behavioral theories
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
c. d.
organic theories psychodynamic theories
Page: 56
178. According to Freud, psychological health is equated with
a. b. c. d.
. being able to obtain appropriate reinforcement from the environment emotional differentiation from the mother having the ability to love and work being able to forgive and forget
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 56
179. The American psychologist who is known as the "father of behaviorism" is
a. b.
John B. Watson B. F. Skinner
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
William James Carl Rogers
Page: 56
180. The behavioral perspective views abnormal behavior as
a. b. c. d.
. symptomatic of underlying psychological problems symptomatic of underlying biological problems the incurable result of a person's genetically inherited traits learned in much the same way as normal behavior
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 56
181. Which of the following would a behavior therapist attribute abnormal behavior to?
a. b. c. d.
Failure to resolve feelings of inferiority Failure to establish a distinctive and individual identity Neglectful or abusive parents Conflicts between the id and superego
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 56
182. Which of the following scientists is associated with behaviorism? Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
130
a. b.
John B. Watson Abraham Maslow
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
Alfred Adler Carl Rogers
Page: 56
183. The learning perspective views abnormal behavior as
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Conceptual 184. In
a. b.
.
being symptomatic of underlying biological problems developing from unresolved unconscious conflict the problem itself stemming from societal problems
Page: 56
conditioning, conditioned and unconditioned responses are elicited by stimuli. operant c. introjective classical d. reactive
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 57 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Conceptual 185. Ivan Pavlov lived from
a. b.
.
1849-1936 1921-2003
c. d.
1801-1837 1967-present
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 56 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Conceptual 186.A scientist rings a bell just prior to presenting meat to the dogs in his laboratory. After several pairings, the dogs begin salivating when the bell is rung, even when no meat is presented. In this study, the meat is the . a. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned stimulus b. unconditioned response d. conditioned response ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Applied
Page: 57
187.A scientist rings a bell just prior to presenting meat to the dogs in his laboratory. After several pairings, the dogs begin salivating when the bell is rung, even when no meat is presented. In this study, the bell is the . a. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned stimulus b. unconditioned response d. conditioned response Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
131
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Applied
Page: 57
188.A little boy is allowed to play with a laboratory rat and shows no fear of it. Then, a scientist makes a scary noise by banging an iron bar whenever the little boy reaches for the rat. Soon, the boy begins crying whenever the rat comes near him. In this study, the scary noise is the . a. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned stimulus b. unconditioned response d. conditioned response ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Applied
Page: 58
189.A little boy is allowed to play with a laboratory rat and shows no fear of it. Then, a scientist makes a scary noise by banging an iron bar whenever the little boy reaches for the rat. Soon, the boy begins crying whenever the rat comes near him. In this study, the boy's fear of the rat is the . a. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned stimulus b. unconditioned response d. conditioned response ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Applied
Page: 58
190. Flinching at the sound of the dentist's drill as you are sitting in the dental office waiting room is an example of
. a. b.
classical conditioning operant conditioning
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
cue-controlled desensitization negative reinforcement
Page: 57
191. Ashley is riding on an elevator when the lights suddenly go off and the elevator stops, trapping her inside. After
an hour, electricity is restored and Ashley is able to safely exit the elevator. Ashley subsequently refuses to ride on an elevator because she is “afraid.” Ashley’s fear is the result of . a. psychodynamic conditioning c. classical conditioning b. negative reinforcement d. aversive conditioning ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Applied
Page: 57
192. An example of a disorder that may be acquired through classical conditioning is
a. bipolar disorder
c.
. obsessive compulsive anxiety disorder
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132
b. hysteria ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
d.
phobia
Page: 57
193. The “Little Albert” study was important because it demonstrated that a fear response in
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 58
194. In the “Little Albert” study, an 11-month-old boy was taught to fear a rat through
a. b.
observational learning classical conditioning
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual 195. In
a. b.
c. d.
.
cognitive retraining operant conditioning
Page: 58
conditioning, organisms learn to emit behaviors because of the behavior's consequences. operant c. aversive classical d. reactive
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 58
196. The person most closely associated with operant conditioning is
a. b.
.
animals could be classically conditioned animals could be operantly conditioned humans could be classically conditioned humans could be operantly conditioned
Watson Skinner
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
Pavlov Bandura
Page: 58
197. Changes in the environment that increase the frequency of the preceding behavior are called
a. b.
operants stimuli
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
c. d.
reinforcers fixations
Page: 59
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133
.
Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual 198.A stimulus or event that increases the frequency of the response that it follows is called a. an unconditioned response c. an unconditioned stimulus b. punishment d. positive reinforcement ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 59
199.A scientist gives a rat a food pellet every time it presses a bar. This is an example of a. positive reinforcement c. classical conditioning b. negative reinforcement d. aversive conditioning ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Applied
.
.
Page: 59
200.Reinforcers that, when introduced, increase the frequency of the preceding behavior, are called reinforcers. a. manifest c. negative b. positive d. latent ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 59
201.A mother repeatedly comes to her son’s room and nags him about cleaning his room. When the boy cleans his room, the mother stops nagging. This is an example of . a. positive reinforcement c. punishment b. negative reinforcement d. aversive conditioning ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Applied 202. The terms “positive reinforcement” and
a. b.
“response” “negative reinforcement”
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 59
are used interchangeably. c. “reward” d. “improvement”
Page: 59
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134
203. Stimuli that increase the frequency of a behavior when they are removed are called
a. b.
positive reinforcers negative reinforcers
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
punishers aversive conditioners
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204. Fred sleeps soundly. His alarm makes a loud beeping noise every morning at 7:00AM. Fred getting out of bed
and turning off the alarm is an example of a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Applied
. punishment aversive conditioning
c. d.
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205. Painful or aversive stimuli that decrease or suppress the frequency of the preceding behavior are known as
. a. b.
positive reinforcers negative reinforcers
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
c. d.
extinguishers punishments
Page: 59
206. According to your text, which of the following statements regarding punishment is true?
a. b. c. d.
Punishment encourages the individual to be more attentive in most learning situations. Punishment may generate anger and hostility rather than constructive learning. Punishment eliminates undesirable behavior rather than suppressing it. Punishment reinforces the individual’s ability to understand and willingness to engage in appropriate behavior.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 59
207. According to the behaviorists, “normal” or adaptive behavior involves learning behaviors that allow us to
a. b.
positive reinforcers and to obtain; obtain obtain; avoid
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
negative reinforcers. c. seek out; negotiate d. value; disregard
Page: 59
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135
208. Which of the following persons has contributed to the development of social-cognitive theory?
a. b.
Albert Bandura Carl Rogers
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual 209. Albert Bandura lived
a. b.
Heinz Hartmann Harry Stack Sullivan
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.
1925-Present 1903-1976
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
c. d.
1888-1939 1932-1999
Page: 60
210. Social-cognitive theorists expanded the traditional learning theory by introducing the concept of
a. b.
negative reinforcement modeling
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Page: 60
211. Social-cognitive theorists emphasize the role of
a. b.
biological influences self-actualization
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Conceptual
and modeling in shaping personality. classical conditioning thinking
c. d.
Page: 60
212. The process of acquiring new behaviors and knowledge by imitating others is called
a. b.
conditioning abreaction
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
.
attention positive reinforcement
c. d.
.
modeling implementing
Page: 60
213.A learning-based theory that emphasizes observational learning and incorporates roles for cognitive variables in determining behavior is . a. Gestalt theory c. social-cognitive theory b. humanistic theory d. sociocultural theory ANSWER: C Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
136
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 60
214. Which of the following concepts would be important to a social-cognitive theorist?
a. b.
self-actualization unconscious conflicts
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
expectancies inherited traits
Page: 60
215. Personal beliefs about outcomes of engaging in particular behaviors are called
a. b.
expectancies competencies
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
encoding strategies antecedents
Page: 60
216. Frank’s father was a criminal and spent considerable time showing Frank how to break into different kinds of
locks and doors as a child. Later in life, Frank also becomes a criminal. Whose theory of learning would best explain Frank’s behavior? a. Pavlov c. Watson b. Skinner d. Bandura ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Applied
Page: 60
217. Gloria goes to a therapist for treatment of her test anxiety. Her therapist says that her test anxiety is a learned
reaction to the extreme demands for achievement placed on her by her parents while she was growing up. The therapist says that Gloria can learn to correct her test anxiety by learning to relax in test-taking situations. Gloria's therapist is using the model of treatment. a. psychoanalytic c. behavioral b. humanistic d. sociocultural ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Applied
Page: 60
218. Behavior therapy is also referred to as
a. b. c. d.
behavior modification . expectancy awareness. cognitive therapy. classical conditioning.
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137
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 60
219. Which if the following is a therapeutic approach that has evolved from the learning perspective?
a. b.
behavior modification catharsis
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
c. d.
active listening learning styles teaching
Page: 60
220. Which of the following is a criticism of learning models of behavior?
a. b. c. d.
Learning models have not put enough emphasis on measuring observable behaviors. Behaviorism cannot explain the richness of human experience. Learning theorists do not apply scientific principles in their understanding of behavior. Learning models do not pay adequate attention to the influence available reinforcement in the individual’s environment.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 60
221. Which model of psychology emphasizes the personal freedoms people have in making conscious choices?
a. b.
Psychodynamic model Behavioral model
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Cognitive model Humanistic model
Page: 61
222. Humanistic psychology emerged as a major force in psychology in the
a. b.
late 19th early 20th
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Page: 61
223.A leader of the humanistic movement in American psychology was a. Albert Ellis c. B. F. Skinner b. Carl Rogers d. Albert Bandura ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective
century.
mid-20th late 20th
.
Page: 61
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138
Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Factual 224. Carl Rogers lived from
a. b.
.
1902-1987 1908-1970
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Factual 225. Abraham Maslow lived from
a. b.
1880-1932 1967-present
Page: 61
.
1902-1987 1908-1970
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Factual
c. d.
1880-1932 1967-present
Page: 61
226. According to the humanists, if an individual is able to recognize his feeling and needs while being true to
himself, he is living . a. free of neuroses b. a life rich with reinforcement c. an ego-integrated life d. authentically ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 61
227. According to humanistic psychologists, the tendency to strive to become all that we are capable of becoming is
called a. b.
. self-potentiation transcendental reformation
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Factual
c. d.
self-actualization catharsis
Page: 61
228. Mary goes to a therapist for treatment of her test anxiety. The therapist helps Mary find her own explanation of
her anxiety and focuses on how various events in her life, such as her test anxiety, have kept her from becoming self-actualized. Mary's therapist’s approach to treatment is most likely to have been influenced by the theories of . a. Sigmund Freud c. Harry Stack Sullivan b. Albert Ellis d. Abraham Maslow ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1
Page: 61
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139
Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Applied 229. Humanistic psychologists attempt to understand abnormal behavior by
a. b. c. d.
. evaluating the positive reinforcement available to people in the world attempting to understand the individual’s subjective experience and his experiences of being “in the world” analyses of unconscious drives and motives that people possess evaluating the interaction of biological inheritance and environmental rewards
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 61 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Applied 230. For Rogers, a child’s distorted self-concept can come from parents’
a. b. c. d.
.
unconditional positive regard favoritism of one sibling over another conditional positive regard qualified negative regard
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 62
231. When parents only accept children if they behave in an approved manner, they are showing their children
. a. b.
unconditional positive regard conditional positive regard
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Applied
c. d.
low self-esteem unrealistic self-ideals
Page: 62
232. Children who see themselves as worthwhile only when they behave in certain approved ways have developed
a. b.
, according to Rogers. negative self-efficacy reactive depression
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Applied
c. d.
unconditional positive regard conditions of worth
Page: 61
233. According to Rogers, parents help children develop self-esteem and self-actualize when they show them
. a. b.
unconditional positive regard conditional positive regard
c. d.
conditions of worth strict rules and discipline
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140
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 61
234. According to Rogers, when parents accept children as having intrinsic worth regardless of their behavior at a
particular moment in time, they are showing them a. unconditional positive regard c. b. conditional positive regard d. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Conceptual
. perceived self-efficacy unrealistic self-ideals
Page: 61
235. Paul visits a therapist for treatment of his depression. His therapist helps Paul recognize that his depression
arises from his failure to meet various conditions of worth internalized from his interactions with his parents during childhood. Throughout the therapy process, Paul discovers and develops his own unique potential. Paul's therapist most resembles in his therapeutic approach. a. Beck c. Hartmann b. Rogers d. Horney ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Applied
Page: 61
236. Rogers’s method of psychotherapy is called
a. b.
person-centered therapy logotherapy
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Factual
. c. d.
rational-emotive behavior therapy Gestalt therapy
Page: 62
237. According to the text, the humanistic model’s primary strength and possibly its primary weakness is its
a. b.
naiveté focus on conscious experience
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Conceptual
c. ignoring of defense mechanisms d. failure to develop a specific therapeutic methodology
Page: 62
238. Which of the following is a strength or contribution of humanistic psychology?
a. b. c. d.
It developed evidence-based therapy methods to help people self-actualize. It focuses on unconscious repressed impulses. It brought the concepts of free choice, inherent goodness, responsibility, and authenticity to the attention of modern psychology. The movement resulted in the formulation of valid and testable concepts and theories. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
141
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Factual 239.A cognition is most similar to a. an emotion b. a thought
Page: 62
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
an urge an experience
Page: 62
240. Theorists who focus on abnormal thought patterns, attitudes, and expectations associated with abnormal
behavior are theorists. a. psychodynamic b. humanistic ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
Gestalt cognitive
Page: 63
241. Which scientific field do cognitive psychologists borrow concepts from in explaining how human process
information and how the processes may break down? a. Neurobiology b. Chemistry c. Computer science d. Physics ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 63
is based on the individual’s sensory and perceptual
242. According to cognitive psychology, information
processes. a. input b. storage ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
manipulation retrieval
Page: 63
243. According to cognitive psychology, “manipulation” refers to the way in which information is
a. b. c.
perceived stored interpreted or processed Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
142
.
d.
retrieved
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 63
244. According to cognitive psychology, the process by which information is interpreted or processed is referred to
as a. b.
. output manipulation
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
storage retrieval
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245. Cognitive theory defines placing information in memory as
a. b.
input repression
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
storage awareness
Page: 63
246. Maggie suffers from depression. She appears to focus on things that are not going well and often cites how
events in her life are proof that she is a failure. For example, she considered a “B” on a recent calculus exam to be a “failure” and feels the grade supports her belief that she will never be successful. Maggie’s interpretation and manipulation of events would be described as a(n) by a cognitive therapist. a. input error b. cognitive distortion c. condition of worth d. retrieval problem ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3):2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Applied
Page: 63
247. If a person has difficulty remembering information they once knew, a cognitive psychologist would say the
difficulty was due to a problem with a. retrieval b. output ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Applied
. c. d.
input manipulation
Page: 63
248. Cognitive psychologists define accessing information from memory as
.
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143
a. b.
manipulation storage
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
retrieval input
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249. Cognitive theory defines acting on information as
a. b.
input output
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
. manipulation retrieval
Page: 63
250. Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck are most closely associated with
a. b.
sociocultural psychodynamic
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
psychology.
humanistic cognitive
Page: 63
251. Who used the “ABC approach” to explain the causes of misery?
a. b.
J.B. Watson Albert Ellis
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Ivan Pavlov Aaron Beck
Page: 63
252. Who proposed depression results from cognitive distortions?
a. b.
J.B. Watson Albert Ellis
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Ivan Pavlov Aaron Beck
Page: 64
253. The view that abnormality results from faulty storage, input, or retrieval of information is central to
psychology. a. eclectic b. cognitive ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
c. d.
Skinnerian humanistic
Page: 63
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144
Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Conceptual 254. Cognitive psychologists view psychological disorders as disturbances in which of the following processes?
a. b. c. d.
interpreting or transforming information repression of traumatic experiences psychosexual development neurotransmitter reuptake
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 63
255. According to cognitive therapists, errors in thinking are known as
a. b.
cognitive manipulations cognitive encoding
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
cognitive distortions cognitive catharsis
Page: 64
256. Social-cognitive theorists, who share many ideas with cognitive psychologists, focus on
a. b. c. d.
.
behaviors in general the ways in which social information is elicited the ways in which social information is encoded the ways in which behaviors are demonstrated
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 63
257. Jack was recently passed over for a promotion at work. He tells his wife that he is not appreciated at work and
his hard work goes unnoticed. Several weeks later, Jack’s boss notices that Jack has been coming to work late and leaving early. Jack ends up getting fired. According to Ellis’ ABC approach, which of the following would be the “A” of Ellis’ “A-B-C” paradigm? a. Jack being passed over for a promotion. b. Jack’s feeling that he is not appreciated at work. c. Jack’s late arrivals and early departures from work. d. Jack ends up getting fired. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 64
258. Jack was recently passed over for a promotion at work. He tells his wife that he is not appreciated at work and
his hard work goes unnoticed. Several weeks later, Jack’s boss notices that Jack has been coming to work late and leaving early. Jack ends up getting fired. According to Ellis’ ABC approach, which of the following would Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
145
be the “B” of Ellis. “A-B-C” paradigm? a. Jack being passed over for a promotion. b. Jack’s feeling that he is not appreciated at work. c. Jack’s late arrivals and early departures from work. d. Jack ends up getting fired. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 64
259. Jack was recently passed over for a promotion at work. He tells his wife that he is not appreciated at work and
his hard work goes unnoticed. Several weeks later, Jack’s boss notices that Jack has been coming to work late and leaving early. Jack ends up getting fired. According to Ellis’ ABC approach, which of the following would be the “C” of Ellis. “A-B-C” paradigm? a. Jack being passed over for a promotion. b. Jack’s feeling that he is not appreciated at work. c. Jack’s late arrivals and early departures from work. d. Jack ends up getting fired. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Conceptual 260. Albert Ellis uses a(n)
a. b.
personal construct self-actualization
approach to explain abnormal behavior. c. ABC approach d. behavioral
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual 261. In Ellis’s ABC approach, A stands for
a. b.
Page: 64
.
analyzing the relevant experience acuteness of the situation
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual 262. In Ellis’s ABC approach, B stands for
a. b.
Page: 64
beliefs borrowed feelings
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
actuality of the circumstance activating event
Page: 64
. c. behavioral cues d. blockages
Page: 64
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146
263. In Ellis’s ABC approach, C stands for
a. b.
catastrophe catalyst
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
. c. cognitions d. consequences
Page: 64
264. Jack was recently passed over for a promotion at work. He tells his wife that he is not appreciated at work and
his hard work goes unnoticed. Several weeks later, Jack’s boss notices that Jack has been coming to work late and leaving early. According to Ellis’ ABC approach, which of the following would be the “C” of Ellis’ “A-BC” paradigm? a. Jack being passed over for a promotion. b. Jack’s wife listening to his concerns. c. Jack’s late arrivals and early departures from work. d. Jack’s feeling that he is not appreciated at work. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 64
265. For Ellis, the key factor in abnormal behavior is a person's
a. b.
early childhood conditions of worth
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Conceptual
. genetic history beliefs
c. d.
Page: 64
266. Ellis believes that adoption of irrational beliefs can lead people to
their disappointments, which
can then lead to profound distress and states of depression. a. sensitize c. catastrophize b. rationalize d. introject ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual 267.
a. b.
Beck Kelly
Page: 64
developed rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT). c. Ellis d. Bandura
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 64
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147
268. Phil visits a therapist for treatment of his depression. The therapist tells him that his problems arise from a series
of irrational beliefs about himself and about life which he has developed over the years. She says that to overcome the depression, Phil must replace his irrational beliefs with rational self-talk. Phil's therapist is most similar to in the way she conceptualizes his problem. a. Ellis c. Skinner b. Sullivan d. Kelly ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Applied
Page: 64
269. Rachel goes to a therapist for treatment of her test anxiety. Her therapist tells her that her test anxiety results
from self-defeating attitudes, irrational self-talk, and judging herself entirely on the basis of her flaws rather than her strengths. Rachel's therapist is using the treatment model. a. psychoanalytic c. humanistic b. cognitive d. sociocultural ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Applied
Page: 63
270. Monica goes to a therapist for treatment of her test anxiety. Her therapist tells her that her test anxiety results
from self-defeating attitudes, irrational self-talk, and faulty cognitions. Monica's therapist has a treatment approach most like . a. Albert Ellis c. Carl Jung b. Abraham Maslow d. Carl Rogers ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Applied
Page: 64
271. Which of the following theorists developed the concept of four basic cognitive distortions that create emotional
distress? a. Karen Horney b. Albert Ellis ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Aaron Beck Alfred Adler
Page: 64
272. Raul visits a therapist for treatment of his depression. The therapist tells him his problem stems from a series of
cognitive errors and distortions in which he minimizes his successes and pessimistically assumes the worst about his future. Raul's therapist is most similar to in the way she conceptualizes his problem. a. Skinner c. Bandura b. Beck d. Maslow ANSWER: B Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
148
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Applied
Page: 64
273. According to Beck, an individual who views the world in black-and-white terms would be engaging in
a. b.
? selective abstraction overgeneralization
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
magnification absolutist thinking
Page: 64
274. Beck believes that depression may result from
a. b. c. d.
.
neurotransmitter dysregulation conditions of worth errors in thinking lack of positive reinforcement
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 64
275. If a student focuses on one mediocre grade and ignores all of her other grades which are higher, a cognitive
therapist would assert that her emotional distress is due to . a. selective abstraction c. magnification b. overgeneralization d. absolutist thinking ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Applied
Page: 64
276. Mark is distressed because he received a “C” in his English class. Although he has “A’s” in all of his other
subjects, Mark continues to focus on his one average grade and he is making himself miserable. According to Beck, Mark’s emotional distress is due to . a. overgeneralization c. selective abstraction b. magnification d. absolutist thinking ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Applied
Page: 64
277. Darnell is depressed. He sees his future as hopeless because he has been turned down for one job. Beck would
suggest that Darnell’s emotional distress is due to a. magnification c. b. overgeneralization d.
. selective abstraction absolutist thinking
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149
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Applied
Page: 64
278. If someone overemphasizes and exaggerates the importance of an unfortunate event, a cognitive psychologist
would contribute their emotional distress to a. absolutist thinking b. overgeneralization ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Applied
. c. d.
selective abstraction magnification
Page: 64
279. Michael views the world in clearly defined terms. For example, behaviors are either right or wrong, one wins or
loses. He is unable to entertain a middle ground in any of his beliefs. Beck would consider Michael to be engaging in the cognitive distortion of . a. absolutist thinking c. magnification b. selective abstraction d. overgeneralization ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 64
280. Amy sees her rejection from one job interview as proof that she will never be successful. According to Beck,
which cognitive error is Amy making? a. selective abstraction b. magnification ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Applied
c. d.
absolutist thinking overgeneralization
Page: 64
281.A major issue in terms of the application of cognitive perspective is . a. the fact that because these therapy methods focus on thought processes, the treatment may worsen psychological disorders characterized by disordered thinking b. the treatment methods are time consuming and expensive c. the methods have so far been limited in the range of disorders that they have been used to treat d. training in using the methods effectively is difficult for therapists to obtain ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 64
282. Cognitive therapists have largely focused on
a. b.
.
treatment of depression and anxiety development of treatment approaches Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
150
c. d.
development of conceptual models treatment of schizophrenia
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 64
283. Sociocultural theorists seek to understand causes of abnormal behavior that may be accounted for by factors
such as a. b. c. d.
. ethnicity, gender, and social class the limited reinforcement available for individuals in modern societies cognitive distortions psychosocial stages of development
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Sociocultural Perspective Learning Objective: 2.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 65
284. According to radical psychosocial theorists like Thomas Szasz,
a. b. c. d.
. psychological disorders or mental illness do not exist mental illness is a result of the hardships that people encounter in society mental illness is due to the stress of living in a fast paced society mental illness is purely a biological phenomenon
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Sociocultural Perspective Learning Objective: 2.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 65
285. Why is it important to take income level or socioeconomic status into account when comparing differences in
rates of particular disorders across ethnic groups? a. Ethnic minority groups tend to be disproportionally represented among lower socioeconomic status levels, and people with household incomes below the poverty line stand an increased risk of developing various psychological disorders. b. Ethnic minority groups tend to have higher socioeconomic levels that are associated with higher risk of developing psychological disorders. c. Only people from certain ethnic groups with a high level of socioeconomic status develop certain disorders, such as depression and anxiety. d. Schizophrenia occurs only among certain ethnic groups who tend to have household incomes near the poverty line. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Sociocultural Perspective Learning Objective: 2.7 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 65
286. In the United States and Canada, the most impoverished ethnic group is
a. b.
African Americans Native Americans
c. d.
.
Hispanic Americans Asian Americans
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151
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Sociocultural Perspective Learning Objective: 2.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 65
287. Compared to other ethnic groups in the United States, the suicide rate is about four times higher among
a. b. c. d.
male African American adolescents and young adults female Hispanic American adolescents elderly Caucasian males Native American adolescents and young adults
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Sociocultural Perspective Learning Objective: 2.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 66
288. According to sociocultural theorists, the linkage between low socioeconomic status and severe behavior
problems may be explained by the a. diathesis-stress model b. theory of self-actualization ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Sociocultural Perspective Learning Objective: 2.8 Skill: Factual
. c. d.
downward drift hypothesis selective abstraction theory
Page: 67
289. The diathesis-stress model was originally developed as an explanatory framework for understanding the
development of . a. personality disorders b. dissociative amnesia
c. d.
paranoia schizophrenia
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3):2 Page: 67 Topic: The Biopsychosocial Perspective Learning Objective: 2.8 Skill: Factual 290. The psychological model which argues that abnormal behaviors are often caused by a combination of
genetically inherited vulnerabilities and various life stresses is the model. a. diathesis-stress c. downward drift hypothesis b. perceived self-efficacy d. stress amplification ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3):1 Page: 69 Topic: The Biopsychosocial Perspective Learning Objective: 2.9 Skill: Factual 291. As with the case of Jessica discussed within the text, recent research is showing
development of bulimia. a. only environmental b. only peer
c. d.
only food biological
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152
influences on the
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 70 Topic: The Biopsychosocial Perspective Learning Objective: 2.10 Skill: Factual 292.
are helping professionals who hold a doctoral degree and have completed graduate training that prepares them for careers in college counseling and mental health centers. They typically serve people with a milder range of psychological difficulties. a. Clinical psychologists b. Psychiatrists c. Clinical social workers d. Counseling psychologists ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 71 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.11 Skill: Factual
293. Which of the following helping professionals has earned a medical degree?
a. b. c. d.
Clinical psychologist Psychiatrist Counselor Clinical social worker
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 71 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.11 Skill: Factual 294. Bonnie is seeing a therapist who, in addition to talking with her, writes a prescription for an antidepressant for
Bonnie to use. Bonnie’s therapist is a a. Psychiatrist b. Clinical psychologist c. Counseling psychologist d. Clinical social worker
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 71 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.11 Skill: Applied 295. Patrick’s therapist recently administered a series of psychological tests to Patrick as he feels it will help better
identify Patrick’s issues. What type of therapist is Patrick seeing? a. Clinical social worker b. Counselor c. Clinical psychologist d. psychiatrist ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 71 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.11 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
153
Skill: Factual 296. Psychoanalysts are typically_
a. b. c. d.
and . Psychiatric nurses; undergone psychoanalysis themselves Clinical social workers or licensed professional counselors; have undergone psychoanalysis themselves Psychiatrists or psychologists; have undergone psychoanalysis themselves Psychiatric nurses; undergone psychoanalysis themselves
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 71 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.11 Skill: Factual 297.
a. b. c. d.
are registered nurses (R.N.s) who have completed a master’s program in psychiatric nursing. Nurse practitioners Psychiatric nurses Mental health nurses Physician’s associates
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 71 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.11 Skill: Factual 298.
a. b. c. d.
have typically completed a master’s program in a counseling field. Psychologists Counselors Mental health nurses Priests
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 71 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.11 Skill: Factual 299. The first model of psychotherapy, developed and named by Freud, was called
a. b. c. d.
.
psychodynamic therapy reality therapy psychoanalysis behavioral analysis
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 72 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual 300. Shantel, a client of Dr. Smith, entered therapy to deal with the depression she experiences secondary to
childhood abuse. After discussing the memories and pain associated with her abuse, Shantel, who is typically well-organized and punctual, recently “forgot” her therapy appointment. If Dr. Smith used a Freudian model in his treatment, he might assume that Shantel is exhibiting . a. resistance b. catharsis Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
154
c. d.
transference unconscious dislike for her therapist
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 73 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Applied 301. Psychodynamic therapy is a form of psychotherapy based on the Freudian tradition that seeks to help people
gain insight into, and resolve: a. faulty thinking patterns. b. irrational beliefs. c. conflicts between forces within the unconscious mind. d. problems with acquiring positive reinforcement from the environment. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 72 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual 302. Freud felt that the use of the technique of
a. b. c. d.
in therapy would allow the client to catharsis; come to terms with psychosexual urges free association; break down defenses that blocked awareness of unconscious processes free association; recognize faulty thinking patterns catharsis; break down defenses that blocked awareness of unconscious processes
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 73 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual 303. George has been seeing a Freudian therapist for his troubles with anxiety. He reports that his therapist begins
each session by saying “Tell me whatever comes to mind.” George’s therapist is using the Freudian technique of . a. dream analysis b. cognitive restructuring c. free association d. anxiety reduction ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Pages: 73 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual 304. Freudian psychotherapists feel that
, a situation where clients may react to the analyst with the same feelings of anger, love, or jealousy they felt toward their own parents, is essential to the therapeutic process. a. dream interpretation b. transference c. free association d. countertransference
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ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 73 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual 305. Dr. Wong, a psychoanalyst, is troubled by his feelings toward his client, Trudy. Trudy is a reliable client and
works hard in therapy. However, Dr. Wong feels intense rage when he meets with Trudy for her therapy session. Trudy reminds Dr. Wong of his mother, an individual that he harbors a lot of resentment toward. In Freudian analysis, the occurrence of Dr. Wong’s feelings about Trudy are not considered unusual and are called . a. transference b. countertransference c. libidinal introjection d. introspection ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 74 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Applied 306. Unlike traditional psychoanalysis, modern psychodynamic therapies focus more on clients’
a. b. c. d.
.
present relationships and less on sexual issues dreams and past relationships with one’s parents outward appropriate expression of childhood longing current sexual issues and past grief
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 74 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Conceptual 307. In modern psychodynamic therapy, therapist and client sit
a. b. c. d.
and have more frequent
.
out of view of each other; periods of silence face-to-face; verbal give-and-take face-to-face; periods of silence out of view of each other; verbal give-and-take
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 74 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Conceptual 308. Some modern psychoanalysts, such as Margaret Mahler,
a. b. c. d.
approaches to psychodynamic therapy.
rely more on cognitive are identified with object-relations focus on the interpretation of dreams in their place greater emphasis on the authenticity of the client in their
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 74 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Skill: Conceptual 309.A behavioral technique called involves a therapeutic program of exposure of the client (in imagination or by means of pictures or slides) to progressively more fearful stimuli while he or she remains deeply relaxed. a. cognitive thought stopping b. behavioral analysis c. systematic desensitization d. gradual exposure ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 75 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual 310. Jenny is working in therapy on her fear of flying. Jenny’s therapist instructed Jenny to create a series of images
about flying (pictures of planes, security check-in, ticket counter, etc.) and to rank them form least fearproducing to most fear-producing. The images Jenny has ranked are, in the parlance of Systematic desensitization, called . a. a hierarchy of needs b. a controlled image hierarchy c. a fear-stimulus hierarchy. d. a fear image gallery ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 76 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Applied 311. With
procedures, people seeking to overcome phobias put themselves in situations in which they engage fearful stimuli in real-life encounters. a. gradual exposure b. modeling c. systematic desensitization d. flooding ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 76 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual
312. At the Willow Ranch Treatment Center, therapists seek to increase adaptive behavior by rewarding residents
with poker chips for performing appropriate behaviors such as self-grooming and making their beds. The residents are able to exchange the chips for various privileges; for example, a trip to the movie theatre. In behavior therapy, this poker chip system would be called . a. a token economy b. a task exchange c. a behavioral hierarchy d. a reinforcement economy ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 76 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
157
Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual is a behavioral method used in the treatment of substance abuse problems such as smoking and
313.
alcoholism. a. b. c. d.
Modeling Aversive conditioning Flooding Graduated skills training
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 76 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual —the restating or paraphrasing of the client’s expressed feelings without interpreting them or passing judgment on them. a. interpretation b. mirroring c. cognitive restructuring d. reflection
314. During therapy, Humanistic therapists often use
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 76 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual 315. Which of the following groups represents the four basic qualities or attributes that an effective person-centered
therapist would possess? a. reflection, regard, empathy, and acceptance b. integrity regard, patience, and empathy c. unconditional positive regard, empathy, genuineness, and congruence d. unconditional positive regard, empathy, genuineness, and integrity. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 77 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Conceptual 316. In Humanistic psychotherapy, congruence refers to
a. b. c. d.
. the ability of the therapist to track the client’s conversation how like-minded the therapist and client are in their belief systems the honesty of the client the coherence or fit among one’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 77 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Conceptual 317.
believed that negative emotions such as anxiety and depression are caused by the irrational ways in which we interpret or judge negative events, not by the negative events themselves. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
158
a. b. c. d.
Carl Rogers Abraham Maslow Karen Horney Albert Ellis
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 77 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Conceptual 318. In which of the following therapies does the therapists actively dispute the clients’ irrational beliefs and the
premises on which they are based in order to help clients develop alternative, adaptive beliefs in their place? a. Rational emotive behavior therapy b. Client-centered therapy c. Psychodynamic therapy d. Mindfulness-based therapy ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 78 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual 319. Cognitive therapists label errors in thinking as
a. b. c. d.
.
distorted interpretation cognitive distortions cognitive errors distorted reality
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 78 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual 320. Cognitive therapists frequently assign behavioral homework for their clients to do outside of the therapy
session. One assignment, called reality testing, has the client . a. write a list of cognitive distortions that he or she is aware of using b. interview various individuals about their personal cognitive distortions c. to test their negative beliefs in light of reality. d. write down a list of alternative thoughts to focus on instead of the negative beliefs ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 78 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Conceptual 321. Patricia is a depressed woman who feels unwanted by everyone. Her therapist has asked her to call two friends
on the phone to gather data about the friends’ reactions to the calls and to report on the assignment: “Did they immediately hang up the phone, or did they seem pleased you called? Does the evidence support the conclusion that no one has any interest in you?” This type of behavioral homework is called . a. behavioral contracting b. reality testing c. testing the distortion Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
159
d.
playing the belief
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 78 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Conceptual 322.
are used by therapists to incorporate principles and techniques from different therapeutic orientations that they believe will produce the greatest benefit in treating a particular client. a. Biopsychosocial therapies b. Eclectic therapies c. Existential therapies d. Cognitive therapies ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 79 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual
323. Therapists who practice
draw on techniques from different schools of therapy without necessarily adopting the theoretical positions that spawned those techniques. a. technical eclecticism b. rational emotive behavior therapy c. integrative eclecticism. d. person-centered therapy ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 79 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual
324. An eclectic therapist may use which of the following therapies?
a. b. c. d.
Biopsychosocial therapies Cognitive therapies Existential therapies Any of these therapies
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 79 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual 325. In family therapy, participants
a. b. c. d.
. learn ways in which a family can have fun together resolve their conflicts and problems so the family functions better as a unit identify the family member that is creating the most disruption to the family practice social skills that can be transferred to interactions outside of the family
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 80 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Skill: Conceptual 326. In couple therapy, participants
a. b. c. d.
. learn ways in which a couple can have fun together resolve their conflicts and problems so the couple functions better as a unit identify the individual within the couple that is creating the most disruption practice social skills that can be transferred to interactions outside of the couple
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 80 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Conceptual 327. Therapists evaluate the effectiveness of therapy by averaging the results of a large number of studies to
determine an overall level of effectiveness. This method of investigating treatment effectiveness is called . a. naturalistic assessment b. microanalysis c. meta-analysis d. quasi-experimental analysis ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 81 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.13 Skill: Factual 328.A report of 375 controlled studies, each comparing psychotherapy (of different types, including psychodynamic, behavioral, and humanistic) against control groups revealed that . a. the average client receiving psychotherapy was no better off than 75% of clients who remained untreated b. the average client receiving psychotherapy was better off than 75% of clients who remained untreated c. clients receiving psychotherapy were not better off than 25% those not receiving therapy d. the average client receiving psychotherapy was better off than 40% of clients who remained untreated ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 81 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.13 Skill: Factual 329.
studies speak to the issue of whether particular treatments work better than control procedures under tightly controlled conditions in a research lab setting. a. Efficacy b. Effectiveness c. Response-rate d. Evidence-based ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 82 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.13 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
161
330. Empirically supported treatments are also referred to as
a. b. c. d.
.
efficacy studies eclectic practice evidence-based practices efficiency practices
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 82 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.13 Skill: Factual 331. What is one advantage of treating people with psychological conditions in an online fashion?
a. b. c. d.
Easier for billing practices. Easier to keep confidential information. Can reach people who avoid seeking help because of embarrassment. Can reach people without them using public transportation.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 83 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.13 Skill: Factual 332. Sue (2010) argues that subtle forms of discrimination can be even more damaging to minority clients
because a. b. c. d.
. these discriminations reinvigorate earlier experiences with discrimination and thus re-traumatize the client. clients may fear confronting the discrimination out of fear of retribution from the offender they leave the victim with a sense of uncertainty about how to respond they leave the victim with a sense of powerlessness
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 85 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.14 Skill: Conceptual 333. Asian cultures
a. b. c. d.
which may Asian clients from expressing their feelings in therapy. value individual competence; inhibit discourage public expression of emotion; inhibit value authenticity and warmth; encourage value emotional expression; encourage
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 86 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.14 Skill: Conceptual 334. Clinicians note that Asian clients often express psychological complaints such as anxiety through
a. b. c. d.
the development of physical symptoms such as tightness in the chest or a racing heart withdrawal and sullenness the development of headaches and fatigue overeating Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
162
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 86 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.14 Skill: Conceptual 335. Most Hispanic American subcultures share certain cultural values and beliefs, such as
a. b. c. d.
.
hard work and personal strength family and kinship ties, as well as respect and dignity independence and achievement self-reliance and individualism
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 86 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.14 Skill: Conceptual 336. Psychologists recognize the importance of
a. b. c. d.
mental health programs for Native Americans. medical support for physical illnesses in increasing client awareness of psychological disorders in bringing elements of tribal culture into excluding tribal and traditional beliefs from
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 87 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.14 Skill: Conceptual 337. Latinos may not make use of mental health services because they
a. b. c. d.
. lack knowledge of mental disorders and how to treat them fear being stigmatized within their own culture are better educated than most cultures on the management of psychological disorders typically prefer to turn to religious beliefs and prayer for assistance with psychological difficulties
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 88 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.14 Skill: Factual 338. Which one of the following statements is NOT a typical barrier for ethnic minority groups seeking therapy?
a. b. c. d.
Cultural mistrust Location Mental health literacy Language
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 88 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.14 Skill: Factual 339. Your text lists how many barriers ethnic minority groups run into when seeking therapy? Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
163
a. b. c. d.
0. There are no differences between ethnic groups seeking mental health therapy. 2 4 6
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 88 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.14 Skill: Factual 340. People who regularly use antianxiety drugs report that anxiety or insomnia returns in a more severe form once
they discontinue the drugs. This phenomenon is called a. reactive anxiety b. central nervous system crossfire c. rebound anxiety d. nervous system overload ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Biomedical Therapies Learning Objective: 2.15 Skill: Factual
.
Page: 89
341. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors impact serotonin levels in the brain by
a. b. c. d.
. stimulating the nucleus accumbens mimicking serotonin molecules causing synaptic vesicles in the axon to release large amount of serotonin increasing the availability of serotonin by interfering with reuptake by transmitting neurons
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Biomedical Therapies Learning Objective: 2.15 Skill: Factual
Page: 89
342. Which of the following drugs helps treat manic symptoms and stabilize mood swings in people with bipolar
disorder? a. Effexor b. Lithium carbonate c. Mellaril d. Fluoxetine ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Biomedical Therapies Learning Objective: 2.15 Skill: Factual
Page: 90
343. Which of the following psychological disorders has been successfully treated with Selective Serotonin-
Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)? a. Autism spectrum b. Obsessive-compulsive disorder c. Gender Dysphoria d. Schizophrenia
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164
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Biomedical Therapies Learning Objective: 2.15 Skill: Factual
Page: 90
344. Which of the following psychological disorders has been successfully treated with Thorazine?
a. b. c. d.
Autism spectrum Obsessive-compulsive disorder Gender Dysphoria Schizophrenia
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Biomedical Therapies Learning Objective: 2.15 Skill: Factual
Page: 91
345. Two concerns are presented in your text about the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). These concerns are
. a. b. c. d.
patient memory loss following ECT and high patient symptom relapse suicidal patient behavior following ECT; patient fear of ECT risk of heart attack during ECT and patient memory loss following ECT patient symptom relapse rate and risk of patient developing psychosis following treatment
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Biomedical Therapies Learning Objective: 2.16 Skill: Conceptual 346.
Page: 91
was a surgical procedure used to treat psychological disorders by surgically severing nerve pathways linking the thalamus to the prefrontal lobes of the brain. a. Prefrontal lobotomy b. Cingulotomy c. Electroconvulsive therapy d. Capsulotomy ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Biomedical Therapies Learning Objective: 2.17 Skill: Factual
Page: 91
True-False Questions 347. Every neuron has a cell body.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 41 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 348. Neural axons can extend several feet. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
165
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 41 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 349. “Loose” neurotransmitters may be broken down in the synapse by enzymes, or be reabsorbed by the axon
terminal through a process termed reuptake. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 42 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 350. Psychiatric drugs, including drugs used to treat anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia, work by affecting the
availability of hormones in the brain. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 43 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 351. Neural messages electrically jump across the synaptic cleft like a spark.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 43 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 352. Alzheimer’s disease is associated with reductions in the levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 43 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 353. Acetylcholine is involved in the control of muscle contractions and formation of memories.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 43 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 354. The cerebellum contains the cerebral cortex.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 44 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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355. Auditory stimuli are processed in the temporal lobes.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 46 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 356. Visual stimuli are processed in the temporal lobes.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 46 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 357. Tactile stimuli are processed in the parietal lobes.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 46 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 358. Olfactory stimuli are processed in the occipital lobes.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 46 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 359. Genetic factors create a certainty that certain behaviors or disorders will develop.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 47 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.2 Skill: Factual 360. Freud's psychoanalytic theory represents a cognitive model of mental functioning.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 49 Topic: Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual 361. Freud likened the mind to an immense iceberg, with only the tip rising into conscious awareness.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 50 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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362. The ego is the only psychic structure at birth.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 50 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual 363. The superego serves as the moral guardian of personality.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 51 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual 364. Adler and Jung both believed that self-awareness plays a major role in the development of personality.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 53 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual 365. Adler believed that we all encounter feelings of inferiority to some degree due to our small size during
childhood. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 53 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual 366. Whereas Freud's stages of development end with early adolescence, Erikson's stages explain development
throughout adulthood and old age. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 54 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual 367. According to psychoanalytic theory, neuroses develop when the id breaks through into consciousness and takes
over personality. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 55 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual 368. Freud equated psychological health with abilities to love and work.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1
Page: 55
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Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual 369. Both Adler and Jung equated psychological health with successfully compensating for feelings of inferiority.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 55 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual 370. The learning perspectives of Watson and Skinner were the first major psychological theories of abnormal
behavior. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 56 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual 371. From the behavioral perspective, abnormal behavior is symptomatic of underlying biological or psychological
problems. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 56 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual 372. Behaviorists see us as products of environmental influences that shape and manipulate our behavior.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 56 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual 373. Classical conditioning was discovered by accident.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 57 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual 374. Punishment may suppress, but does not eliminate undesirable behavior.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 59 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual 375. Rewarding desirable behavior is generally preferable to punishing misbehavior.
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ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 59 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual 376. Social-cognitive theory is an expansion of psychodynamic theory.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 60 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual 377. One of the principle contributions of learning models is their emphasis on observable behavior.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 60 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual 378. The Humanists define self-actualization as the need for a person to strive to become all they are capable of
being. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 61 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Factual 379. Rogers believed that parents help children become more secure in their sense of self when they show them
conditional positive regard. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 62 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Factual 380. Unlike the behavioral perspective, the humanistic perspective emphasizes that people have little or no free will.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 61 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Factual 381. According to Rogers, children may acquire a distorted self-concept that mirrors what others expect them to be
which, in turn, helps them to live authentically. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 62 Topic: Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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382. The strength of humanistic models lies in their focus on unconscious psychological material.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 62 Topic: Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Factual 383. Many cognitive theorists are influenced by the concepts of computer science.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 63 Topic: Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual 384. According to leading cognitive theorists, emotional distress is caused by the beliefs people hold about negative
life experiences, not by the experiences themselves. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 63 Topic: Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual 385. “How do a person’s emotional problems reflect a distorted self-image?” is an example of the type of question a
researcher who investigates the sociocultural perspective would ask. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 63 Topic: Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Factual 386.A diathesis or predisposition is usually genetic in nature, such as having a particular genetic variant that increases the risk of developing a particular disorder. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 69 Topic: Biopsychosocial Perspective Learning Objective: 2.9 Skill: Factual 387. Psychiatrists are medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of emotional disorders.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 71 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.11 Skill: Factual 388. In Freudian concepts, the manifest content of a dream is the unconscious material the dream symbolizes or
represents. ANSWER: F Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 73 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual 389. With Object-Relations Therapy, the therapist focuses on helping people blend their own ideas and feelings with
elements of significant others they have incorporated or introjected onto themselves. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 75 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual 390. The behavioral concept of modeling asserts that individuals learn desired behaviors by observing others
performing them. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 76 Topic: Psychological Methods of Treatment Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Factual 391. Meta-analysis is a statistical technique which averages the results of a large number of studies to determine an
overall level of effectiveness. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 81 Topic: Evaluating the Methods of Psychotherapy Learning Objective: 2.13 Skill: Factual 392. Efficacy studies examine the effects of treatment when it is delivered by therapists in real-world practice
settings with the kinds of clients, therapists normally see in their practices. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 82 Topic: Evaluating the Methods of Psychotherapy Learning Objective: 2.13 Skill: Factual 393. Mindfulness meditation is a widely practiced Buddhist form of meditation used with some therapies.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 86 Topic: Multicultural Issues in Psychotherapy Learning Objective: 2.14 Skill: Factual 394. Although adequately funded by the Indian Health Service designated to serve their population, Native
Americans remained underserved in regional mental health programs. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 87 Topic: Multicultural Issues in Psychotherapy Learning Objective: 2.14 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Skill: Factual 395. Financial burdens are often a major barrier to use of mental health services by ethnic minorities.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 87 Topic: Multicultural Issues in Psychotherapy Learning Objective: 2.14 Skill: Factual 396. Antipsychotic drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 89 Topic: Biomedical Therapies Learning Objective: 2.15 Skill: Factual 397. Lithium carbonate has proven to be effective in managing the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drug Therapy Learning Objective: 2.15 Skill: Factual
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398. Although many new psychosurgery techniques appear promising, the safety and effectiveness of these
procedures remains to be demonstrated. Therefore, it is best to classify them as experimental treatments ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drug Therapy Learning Objective: 2.17 Skill: Factual
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Essay Questions 399. Describe the structure and functions of the neuron and explain how neurons communicate with each other.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 42 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 400. Briefly describe the various parts of the nervous system, explaining what each does.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 43 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 401. Describe the structures of the brain and their functions.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 44 Topic: The Biological Perspective Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 2.1 Skill: Factual 402. Summarize research findings on the role of genetics and environment in the development of psychological
disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 47 Topic: The Biological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.2 Skill: Factual 403. Describe the basic tenets of Freud's psychodynamic theory.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 50 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual 404. Describe Freud’s views on the structure of personality and the functions of each of the structures he proposed.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 50 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual 405. Explain what defense mechanisms are and for what they are used. Also, identify and give an example of at least
five of the defense mechanisms proposed by Freud. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 51 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual 406. Identify and briefly explain each of Freud’s stages of psychosexual development.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 52 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Factual 407. Describe psychodynamic theories of Erikson, Jung, and Mahler. How are these theorists similar to Freud and
where do they depart from Freud’s ideas? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 53 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual 408. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of modern psychodynamic theory.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 56 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.3 Skill: Conceptual 409. Create a scenario using the elements of classical conditioning and discuss examples of classical conditioning in Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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everyday life. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 57 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Applied 410. Explain the principles of operant conditioning, clarifying the differences among positive reinforcers, negative
reinforcers, and punishments, and primary and secondary reinforcers. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 58 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Factual 411. How does social-cognitive theory differ from the behavioral theories? What role do expectancies have on
behavior? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 60 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Conceptual 412. Review the pitfalls of the use of punishment in working with others. Why is reinforcement considered a better
option for behavior change? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 59 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Conceptual 413. List and describe the major criticisms of learning models.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 60 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.4 Skill: Conceptual 414. Describe Rogers’ perspective on how abnormal behavior develops. Summarize the strengths and weaknesses of
the humanistic model. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 61 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.5 Skill: Conceptual 415. Discuss the elements of Ellis’ A-B-C approach to explaining psychological problems. Create an example to
illustrate this concept using and identifying all three elements (A-B-C) in your illustration. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 64 Topic: The Psychological Perspective Learning Objective: 2.6 Skill: Applied 416. Describe the diathesis-stress model. Discuss the role each plays in the development of a psychological disorder.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 69 Topic: The Biopsychosocial Perspective Learning Objective: 2.9 Skill: Conceptual 417. Describe what is meant by the term “eclectic” therapy. What has been learned about this therapy and its use
among therapists. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 79 Topic: Psychological Methods of Therapy Learning Objective: 2.12 Skill: Conceptual 418. Review studies evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapy. Summarize the concept of meta-analysis.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 81 Topic: Psychological Methods of Therapy Learning Objective: 2.13 Skill: Conceptual 419. Discuss the need for clinicians to be sensitive to multicultural differences and identify issues specific to the
following cultures: African American, Asian, Hispanic, and Native American. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 84 Topic: Psychological Methods of Therapy Learning Objective: 2.14 Skill: Conceptual 420. Discuss the six barriers to mental health treatment experienced by ethnic minorities.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 87 Topic: Psychological Methods of Therapy Learning Objective: 2.14 Skill: Factual
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REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS EOC Q2.1 The control of muscle contractions and the formation of memories are linked to the neurotransmitter . a) b) c) d)
GABA acetylcholine serotonin norepinephrine
Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the major parts of the neuron, the nervous system, and the cerebral cortex, and describe their functions. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q2.2 The nature (genes) versus nurture (environment) debate has shifted from one pitting nature against nurture to . a) b) c) d)
understanding that genes have an insignificant role in behavior understanding that nature and nurture work together in explaining behavior understanding that “nature” has the predominant role in behavior recognizing the impact of exposure to environmental contaminants on gene expression and behavior
Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.2 Evaluate biological perspectives on abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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EOC Q2.3 Brad is impulsive and self-indulgent and often gets into trouble but experiences little if any remorse afterwards. According to psychoanalytic theory, Brad possesses a strong but a weak . a) b) c) d)
ego; superego id; superego id; libido personality; ego
Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the key features of psychodynamic models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q2.4 Dr. May uses _ in his practice. He focuses on the study of how a person’s thoughts, beliefs, expectations, and attitudes can color and distort perceptions of reality. a) b) c) d)
sociocultural perspectives cognitive models biopsychosocial perspectives humanistic models
Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.6 Describe the key features of cognitive models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q2.5 In all classical conditioning situations, the neutral stimulus becomes the a) b) c) d)
.
conditioned stimulus unconditioned stimulus conditioned response unconditioned response
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the key features of learning-based models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q2.6 The belief that people have an inborn tendency toward self-actualization and that abnormal behavior results from a distorted self-concept is characteristic of . a) b) c) d)
social-cognitive theory object-relations theory sociocultural theory humanistic theory
Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the key features of humanistic models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q2.7 Which ethnic group experiences the highest rates of alcoholism and the highest death rate due to adolescent suicide? a) b) c) d)
Native Americans Hispanic Americans Black Americans Asian Americans
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.7 Evaluate ethnic group differences in rates of psychological disorders. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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EOC Q2.8 The sociocultural perspective focuses on the role of understanding of abnormal behavior. a) b) c) d)
to provide a fuller
developmental differences parenting practices social stressors cognitive interpretations
Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.8 Evaluate the sociocultural perspective in our understanding of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q2.9 A diathesis is usually a) b) c) d)
in nature.
environmental genetic psychological social or cultural
Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.9 Describe the diathesis–stress model of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOC Q2.10 Which of the following is an example of a cognitive factor that may contribute to bulimic behavior? a) b) c) d)
thinking in perfectionistic terms irregularities in neurotransmitter activity social pressures imposed on young women relational conflicts within the family
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.10 Evaluate the biopsychosocial perspective of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q2.11 Sean’s therapist has a medical degree (M.D.) and has been prescribing medication to Sean for anxiety. The type of therapist Sean is seeing is a _ . a) b) c) d)
psychiatric nurse psychiatrist clinical psychologist with specialized training in use of psychiatric medication counseling psychologist with specialized training in use of psychiatric medication
Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.11 Identify three of the major types of helping professionals and describe their training backgrounds and professional roles. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q2.12 Compared to traditional psychoanalysis, modern psychodynamic therapists focus more on and less on . a) b) c) d)
unconscious processes; conscious processes sexual issues; family conflicts clients’ present relationships; sexual motives the superego; the ego
Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.12 Describe the goals and techniques of the following forms of psychotherapy: psychodynamic therapy, behavior therapy, person-centered therapy, cognitive therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, eclectic therapy, group therapy, family therapy, and couple therapy. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q2.13 Which of the following factors is associated with better psychotherapy treatment outcomes? a) b) c) d)
forming a positive alliance with the therapist early in the treatment process the educational background of the therapist having a therapist with 30 or more years of experience the verbal skills of the therapist
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.13 Evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy and the role of nonspecific factors in therapy. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q2.14 Which of the following statements is a reason members of racial and ethnic minority groups typically have less access to mental health care and receive lower quality care than other Americans? a) b) c) d)
Persistent threats of racism prevent many minorities from seeking the treatment they need. A cultural-based unwillingness in minority groups to accept the presence of psychological disorders creates the disparity. A disproportionate number of minority group members remain uninsured or underinsured, and thus cannot access care. Minority care providers are limited in number. Most minorities would prefer being treated by someone of their own racial or cultural group.
Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.14 Evaluate the role of multicultural factors in psychotherapy and barriers to use of mental health services by ethnic minorities. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q2.15 Jack has been prescribed a benzodiazepine for treatment of his anxiety. Recently, he has been experiencing anxiety that is much worse than his initial anxiety. The intense anxiety occurs after he stops using the medication. The phenomenon Jack is experiencing is referred to as . a) b) c) d)
systematic desensitization countertransference rebound anxiety downward drift
Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.15 Identify the major categories of psychotropic or psychiatric drugs and examples of drugs in each type, and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q2.16 Which of the following psychological disorders has electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) been most effective in treating? a) b) c) d)
antisocial personality disorder depression anxiety disorders schizophrenia
Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.16 Describe the use of electroconvulsive therapy and psychosurgery and evaluate their effectiveness. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q2.17 Modern psychosurgery techniques target smaller areas of the brain and have been used to treat . a) b) c) d)
schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder, and major depression obsessive–compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, and major depression social phobia, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and major depression panic disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia
Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.17 Describe the use of psychosurgery and evaluate its effectiveness. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q2.18 Which class of drugs is helpful in relieving symptoms of the disorder for which it was originally designed, along with other disorders such as panic disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and eating disorders? a) b) c) d)
antidepressants antipsychotics neuroleptics mood stabilizers
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.18 Evaluate biomedical treatment approaches. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q2.1.1 The junction between a transmitting neuron and a receiving neuron is the a) b) c) d)
.
receptor site axon dendrite synapse
Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the major parts of the neuron, the nervous system, and the cerebral cortex, and describe their functions. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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EOM Q2.1.2 The myelin sheath that is wrapped around the axon of some neurons a) b) c) d)
.
speeds the transmission of neural impulses is involved in nourishing the neuron enhances the metabolic functioning of the neuron creates the transmission of neural impulses
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the major parts of the neuron, the nervous system, and the cerebral cortex, and describe their functions. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q2.1.3 Which lobe of the brain processes sensations such as touch, temperature, and pain? a) b) c) d)
occipital parietal frontal temporal
Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the major parts of the neuron, the nervous system, and the cerebral cortex, and describe their functions. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOM Q2.1.4 Malcolm’s mother has schizophrenia, as does his cousin. Malcolm fears he has inherited the “schizophrenic gene” and will develop schizophrenia. Which of the following statements best reflects current scientific understanding of the role of genetics in the likelihood of Malcolm developing schizophrenia? a) b) c) d)
Current research suggests that there is a cluster of genes that define whether or not an individual will develop schizophrenia. Genetic factors create a predisposition or likelihood—not a certainty—that certain behaviors or disorders will develop. The presence of a supportive father in the home will eliminate the possibility of Malcolm developing schizophrenia. Proper nutrition and exercise can prevent the expression of schizophrenic genes.
Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.2 Evaluate biological perspectives on abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q2.1.5 According to epigenetic theory, environmental factors may lead to chemical processes in the body that “tag” certain genes for either activation or suppression but do not change the genetic code or DNA sequence itself. These “tags” may _ . a) b) c) d)
cause irreversible brain damage trigger the expression of psychological difficulties in the individual but not his or her offspring become part of the organism’s genetic inheritance that is passed along to offspring, affecting the workings of genes in future generations serve to inoculate future generations from inheriting malignant traits
Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.2 Evaluate biological perspectives on abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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EOM Q2.2.1 A change in the environment that increases the frequency of the preceding behavior is called a(n) . a) b) c) d)
consequence punishment expectancy reinforcer
Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the key features of learning-based models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q2.2.2 Analytical psychology, developed by , posits that we not only have a personal unconscious, but also a collective unconscious that contains archetypes that reflect the history of the species. a) b) c) d)
Carl Jung Alfred Adler Margaret Mahler Karen Horney
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the key features of psychodynamic models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOM Q2.2.3 Which cognitive theorist proposed that cognitive distortions, such as judging oneself entirely on the basis of flaws and failures and interpreting events in a negative light, may lead to depression? a) b) c) d)
Aaron Beck Albert Bandura Albert Ellis Carl Rogers
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.6 Describe the key features of cognitive models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Easy EOM Q2.2.4 Michael exercises every day in order to channel his anger toward his boss into a healthy, appropriate pursuit. Michael is utilizing Freud’s defense mechanism of . a) b) c) d)
regression displacement sublimation repression
Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the key features of psychodynamic models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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EOM Q2.2.5 The role of conditional and unconditional positive regard in the development of one’s selfconcept is a key component in therapy, developed by . a) b) c) d)
client-centered; Carl Rogers behavior; Albert Bandura rational-emotive; Albert Ellis cognitive-behavioral; Aaron Beck
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the key features of humanistic models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q2.3.1 An analysis of American ethnic group differences in rates of mental disorders revealed which of the following groups to have the highest prevalence rate of psychological disorders? a) b) c) d)
European Americans Non-Hispanic Black Americans Hispanic Americans Asian Americans
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.7 Evaluate ethnic group differences in rates of psychological disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q2.3.2 often attribute problems, such as depression and alcoholism, to the collapse of their traditional culture brought about by colonization. a) b) c) d)
Hispanic Americans Native Americans Puerto Rican Americans Asian Americans
Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.7 Evaluate ethnic group differences in rates of psychological disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Easy
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EOM Q2.3.3 The holds that people from lower socioeconomic groups are at greater risk of severe behavioral problems because living in poverty results in greater stress. a) b) c) d)
social causation model downward drift hypothesis diathesis–stress model humanistic model
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.8 Evaluate the sociocultural perspective in our understanding of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q2.3.4 Henry has been drinking alcohol excessively for the last 10 years. He lost his family and his job and is now homeless and depressed. Which of the following explains the link between Henry’s behavioral problems and his current low socioeconomic status? a) b) c) d)
downward drift hypothesis negative reinforcement pleasure principle social causation model
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.8 Evaluate the sociocultural perspective in our understanding of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q2.3.5 Compared to other Hawaiians, Native Hawaiians experience a) b) c) d)
.
higher rates of alcoholism lower rates of antisocial behavior about the same rate of mental health problems lower suicide rates
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.7 Evaluate ethnic group differences in rates of psychological disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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EOM Q2.4.1 The diathesis–stress model was originally developed as a framework for understanding . a) b) c) d)
schizophrenia anxiety disorders personality disorders bipolar disorder
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.9 Describe the diathesis–stress model of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q2.4.2 Dr. Moore takes a biological perspective when evaluating abnormal behavior. Dr. Moore is likely to ask which of the following questions? a) b) c) d)
What role is played by neurotransmitters in abnormal behavior? How important are personal beliefs in the development of abnormal behavior patterns? What role does the environment play in explaining abnormal behavior? Are there gender or ethnic group differences in various disorders?
Answer: a Learning Objective: The Biopsychosocial Perspective Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q2.4.3 The diathesis or predisposition in the diathesis–stress model is usually also take the form of a maladaptive personality trait. a) b) c) d)
genetic cognitive behavioral social
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.9 Describe the diathesis–stress model of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Easy
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, but it can
EOM Q2.4.4 Jennifer has a strong genetic predisposition for schizophrenia. According to the diathesis–stress model, Jennifer . a) b) c) d)
may develop the disorder even under benign life circumstances will be unaffected by the stressors of everyday life may develop depressive tendencies in response to a mild stressor may show initial strong symptoms that will reverse after a short period of time
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.9 Describe the diathesis–stress model of abnormal behavior. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q2.4.5 Which of the following perspectives holds that some psychological disorders arise from social ills such as poverty, racism, and prolonged unemployment? a) b) c) d)
sociocultural biological humanistic cognitive
Answer: a Learning Objective: The Biopsychosocial Perspective Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q2.5.1 is a statistical process which averages the results of a large number of studies to determine an overall level of effectiveness. a) b) c) d)
EST Meta-analysis Nonspecific factor analysis Multiple regression
Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.13 Evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy and the role of nonspecific factors in therapy. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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EOM Q2.5.2 Disputing irrational beliefs and replacing them with more rational ones is the primary goal of . a) b) c) d)
cognitive-behavioral therapy humanistic, client-centered therapy behavior therapy rational emotive behavior therapy
Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.12 Describe the goals and techniques of the following forms of psychotherapy: psychodynamic therapy, behavior therapy, person-centered therapy, cognitive therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, eclectic therapy, group therapy, family therapy, and couple therapy. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q2.5.3 Frequent verbal give-and-take, engaging in open dialogue face-to-face, and the direct exploration of defenses and transference relationships are characteristics of _. a) b) c) d)
behavioral therapy cognitive therapy modern psychodynamic therapy humanistic therapy
Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.12 Describe the goals and techniques of the following forms of psychotherapy: psychodynamic therapy, behavior therapy, person-centered therapy, cognitivebehavioral therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, eclectic therapy, group therapy, family therapy, and couple therapy. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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193
EOM Q2.5.4 After Joe earned a doctoral degree in psychology he did a year-long internship and now specializes in diagnosing psychological disorders and practicing psychotherapy. Many of Joe’s clients have severe disorders. Joe is most likely a . a) b) c) d)
clinical psychologist counseling psychologist psychoanalyst psychiatrist
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.11 Identify three of the major types of helping professionals and describe their training backgrounds and professional roles. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q2.5.5 An African American who enters therapy with a European American therapist who appears aloof, distant, and unresponsive to his or her life situation may well experience a barrier to effective mental health care called . a) b) c) d)
cultural mistrust mental health illiteracy institutional racism lack of accessibility to health care services
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.14 Evaluate the role of multicultural factors in psychotherapy and barriers to use of mental health services by ethnic minorities. Skill Level: Difficult Difficulty: Apply
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EOM Q2.6.1 Which of the following is most often used to treat manic symptoms and stabilize mood swings in people with bipolar disorder? a) b) c) d)
fluoxetine phenelzine lithium carbonate methylphenidate
Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.15 Identify the major categories of psychotropic or psychiatric drugs and examples of drugs in each type, and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q2.6.2 One of the positive outcomes related to the use of antipsychotic drugs for persons with schizophrenia is . a) b) c) d)
the reduced need for more restrictive forms of treatment increased rates of cure less muscular rigidity and tremors less dependency
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.15 Identify the major categories of psychotropic or psychiatric drugs and examples of drugs in each type, and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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195
EOM Q2.6.3 Fred has been taking Mellaril for treatment of his schizophrenia for the past twenty years. Recently he has developed a side effect to the medication that is characterized by uncontrollable eye blinking, facial grimaces, lip smacking, and other involuntary movements of the mouth, eyes, and limbs. Fred is most likely suffering from . a) b) c) d)
tardive dyskinesia rebound anxiety panic disorder hallucinations
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.15 Identify the major categories of psychotropic or psychiatric drugs and examples of drugs in each type, and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q2.6.4 To treat her severe depression, Tamara recently underwent electroconvulsive therapy. Tamara is likely at risk of developing . a) b) c) d)
memory loss for events occurring around the time of the treatment blunted emotions for events right after the treatment heightened emotions associated with events right before the treatment memory loss for traumatic events early in life
Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.16 Describe the use of electroconvulsive therapy and psychosurgery and evaluate their effectiveness. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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EOM Q2.6.5 The psychosurgery technique known as was thought to control a person’s violent and aggressive tendencies by disconnecting the thalamus from the higher brain centers of the cerebral cortex. a) b) c) d)
electric shock therapy ECT deep brain stimulation prefrontal lobotomy
Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.17 Describe the use of psychosurgery and evaluate its effectiveness. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
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Total Assessment Guide Topic Learning Objective Introduction
Learning Objective 3.1
Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 3.2
Learning Objective 3.3
Learning Objective 3.4
Learning Objective 3.5
Learning Objective 3.6
Learning Objective 3.7
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
Factual 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9
11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254 298 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 255, 256, 257 302 56, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 76, 77, 78 258, 259, 260, 261 303, 304 80, 82, 84
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
262, 263 305 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 101 264, 265, 268 306 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122 269, 270, 272, 273 307, 308 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 158, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166, 169, 170, 171, 172, 176, 181, 183, 184, 185, 189, 190 274, 275, 276, 277, 288, 289, 280, 281,
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Applied
251
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
Conceptual 4, 8, 10
15, 16, 23, 24, 25, 26
17
299, 300, 301 35
58, 60, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 79
57, 73
81, 85
83, 86
91, 98, 100, 102
266, 267 113
106
271 162, 167, 168, 182
136, 137, 138, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 163, 173, 174, 175, 177, 178, 179, 180, 186, 187, 188
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198
Topic
Learning Objective 3.8
Learning Objective 3.9
Learning Objective 3.10
Learning Objective 3.11
Learning Objective 3.12
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay
Factual 282, 283 309, 311 191, 192, 193, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203 284 315 207, 209, 211, 212, 213, 214, 216, 218, 220 286, 287, 288 318 225, 226, 229 289 319 230, 231, 232, 233, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241 290, 291 320 243, 244
Conceptual
Applied
312, 313, 314 195
310 194
204, 206, 208, 210, 217, 219
316 205, 215, 221, 222, 223
285 317 224, 227, 228
234
292, 293, 294 321 242
295, 296, 297 322
f
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199
3 Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior Multiple-Choice Questions 1.
In “Jerry Has a Panic Attack on the Interstate,” his diagnosis was arrived at by use of which assessment technique? a. Mental status exam c. MMPI-2 b. Rorschach Inkblot Test d. Clinical interview ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
2.
Systems of classification of abnormal behavior date to . a. ancient times c. the Renaissance b. the Middle Ages d. the Reformation ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
3.
Page: 99
Hippocrates classified abnormal behaviors on the basis of his theory of a. demonology c. genetics b. humors d. stress ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Chapter Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
4.
Page: 99
.
Page: 99
Hippocrates' description of what he called "melancholia" is very similar to what we now call a. manic disorder c. organic disorder b. bipolar disorder d. depression ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual
Page: 99
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200
.
5.
In the Middle Ages, abnormal behaviors were classified according to causes. a. genetic and environmental c. demonic possession and natural b. environmental and natural d. demonic possession and genetic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
6.
The first modern theorist to develop a comprehensive model of classification based on the distinctive features, or "symptoms," associated with abnormal behavior patterns was . a. Kraepelin c. Freud b. Hippocrates d. Pinel ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
7.
. formation of hypotheses communication
Page: 99
The DSM is published by the . a. World Health Organization b. American Psychological Association ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
.
Page: 99
According to the text, the core of science is a. observation c. b. classification d. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual
9.
Page: 99
The DSM system is largely an extension of the work of a. Pinel c. Freud b. Breuer d. Kraepelin ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
8.
Page: 99
c. d.
American Psychiatric Association Mental Health Professionals Association
Page: 99
10. Which of the following statements is a reason why it is important to classify abnormal behavior? a. Important decisions are made on the basis of classification, including those related to therapy. b. It allows mental health professionals to label people who engage in unpopular or different behaviors than the majority of a population. c. The DSM classification helps clinicians use a consistent nomenclature when applying for research Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
201
d.
grants. The DSM classification provides clients with a label that they can use for understanding their problems.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual 11. The DSM was introduced in _ a. 1892 b. 1922
Page: 99
. c. d.
1952 1982
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 100 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 12. The most widely used diagnostic manual worldwide is the . a. DSM-5 b. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) c. World Health Organization classification of Mental Disorders (WHO-MD) d. Physician’s Desk Reference ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 100 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 13. Which statement is true? a. DSM-5 is compatible with ICD-10. b. DSM-5 is not compatible with ICD-10. c. ICD-10 is more commonly used than the DSM-5 among American psychiatrists. d. Most psychologists use the ICD-10 to verify diagnoses established with the DSM-5. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 100 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 14. The text defines within society. a. reliability b. psychoparalysis
as having difficulties in meeting responsibilities at work, within the family, and c. d.
unusual behavior impaired functioning
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 100 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 15. The DSM system is often criticized for relying too much on the
model of abnormal behavior.
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202
a. b.
psychodynamic medical
c. d.
sociocultural social learning
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 100 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Conceptual 16. Which of the following is considered an abnormal behavior pattern as defined by the DSM system? a. Experiencing a disappointment b. Engaging in behavior that is statistically deviant c. Experiencing significantly impaired functioning d. Accepting employment in an occupation that places one at possible personal risk of harm ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 100 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Conceptual 17. Kirsten’s father died 36 months ago and Kirsten continues to grieve. She is unable to function most days and decides to see a psychologist for help. Most likely, a psychologist would suggest that . a. grieving is normal and Kirsten’s behavior is nothing to be concerned about b. Kirsten’s extended grieving might be indicative of a mental disorder c. Kirsten’s grieving is normal and she need not be concerned because she will continue to grieve until she naturally resolves her loss d. grieving is always a sign of a mental disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 100 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Applied 18. In the DSM, mental disorders are classified on the basis of a. abnormal behavior patterns b. their frequency within clinical populations c. underlying theoretical mechanisms d. their response rates to various treatment methods
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 100 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 19. The DSM is used to classify a. statistics b. theoretical perspectives
. c. d.
social norms mental disorders
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 100 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
203
Skill: Factual 20. The DSM system, like the medical model, treats abnormal behaviors as a. signs or symptoms of underlying disorders or pathologies b. medical conditions that can be diagnosed through physical means c. adaptations to a stressful culture d. rigid personality adaptations
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 100 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 21. The DSM-5 is organized into a. 10 b. 20 c. 40 d. 210
general categories of mental disorders.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 101 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 22. The term “mental disorder” continues to be used in the DSM-5 because . a. the American Psychiatric Association, being physicians, prefers to view disorders from a medically oriented standpoint b. its developers have not been able to agree on an appropriate substitute c. revisions with the next edition, to be named DSM-5.1 will replace this terminology by 2016 d. the American Psychiatric Association felt that too many changes in the DSM would result in confusion among clinicians ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 101 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 23. The DSM-5 is , not a. analytical; conceptual b. categorical; descriptive c. descriptive; explanatory d. explanatory; conceptual
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 101 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Conceptual 24. A major difference between the DSM-5 and the previous version, the DSM-IV, is that the new version . a. relies on medical procedure data such as the MRI for diagnosis b. utilizes a multiaxial system whereas the older system does not Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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c. d.
incorporates different diagnostic nomenclature for use with different cultural groups dispenses with the multiaxial framework of the previous version.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 101 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Conceptual 25. Two of the major changes in the DSM-5 include . a. adding a dimensional component and a multiaxial component b. removing a dimensional component and removing a multiaxial component c. removing a dimensional component and adding a multiaxial component d. adding a dimensional component and removing a multiaxial component ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 101 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Conceptual 26. The DSM-5 . a. abandoned the categorical model b. added a rating scale assessing the global assessment of functioning (GAF) of an individual c. expanded on the multiaxial system of the DSM-IV d. expanded the categorical model to include a dimensional component for many disorders ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 101 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Conceptual 27. The dimensional component of the DSM-5 gives the evaluator the opportunity to . a. make yes–no judgments as to whether a person meets the criteria for a specific disorder or not b. identify “shades of gray” when diagnosing c. indicate when behaviors have a significant biological cause d. indicate when behaviors have a significant psychological cause ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 101 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 28. Which of the following diagnostic categories would you find autism spectrum disorder within? a. Neurodevelopmental Disorders b. Depressive Disorders c. Dissociative Disorders d. Sexual Dysfunctions ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 102 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
205
29. Which of the following diagnostic categories would you find premenstrual dysphoric disorder within? a. Neurodevelopmental Disorders b. Depressive Disorders c. Dissociative Disorders d. Sexual Dysfunctions ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 102 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 30. Which of the following diagnostic categories would you find depersonalization/derealization disorder within? a. Neurodevelopmental Disorders b. Depressive Disorders c. Dissociative Disorders d. Sexual Dysfunctions ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 102 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 31. Which of the following diagnostic categories would you find erectile disorder within? a. Neurodevelopmental Disorders b. Depressive Disorders c. Dissociative Disorders d. Sexual Dysfunctions ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 102 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 32. A a. b.
is a pattern of abnormal behavior that is found within only one or a few cultures. cultural assessment of functioning c. cultural diversion complex culture-bound syndrome d. sanism
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 103 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 33. The psychiatric syndrome TKS is common in a. Japan c. b. Korea d.
, but rare elsewhere. India South Africa
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 104 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
206
Skill: Factual 34. a. b.
is characterized by excessive fear that one may behave in ways that will embarrass or offend other people. PTSD c. ADD TKS d. MPD
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 104 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 35. Jack dreads blushing in front of others for fear that it will cause them embarrassment. Jack's disorder most closely resembles . a. social phobia c. TKS b. generalized anxiety disorder d. MPD ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 104 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Applied 36. TKS affects primarily . a. young Japanese men b. young Japanese women
c. d.
older Japanese men older Japanese women
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 104 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 37. One cultural-bound syndrome common to the US is . a. ADHD c. hair-picking b. TKS d. anorexia nervosa ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 104 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 38. One cultural-bound syndrome common to the US is . a. ADHD c. hair-picking b. TKS d. dissociative identity disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 104 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 39. a.
One cultural-bound syndrome common to India is . Dhat syndrome c. hair-picking Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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b.
TKS
d.
dissociative identity disorder
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 40. One cultural-bound syndrome common to China is . a. Dhat syndrome c. hair-picking b. Koro syndrome d. dissociative identity disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 41. Dissociative identity disorder is a culture-bound syndrome of a. Japan c. Mexico b. the United States d. Nigeria
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 104 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 42. a. b. c. d.
is a disorder occurring among American Indian groups and involves a preoccupation with death and with the “spirits” of the deceased. Koro Ghost spirit Ghost sickness Exorcism
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 43.
is a term used in a number of countries in North Africa and the Middle East to describe the experience of spirit possession. a. Dhat syndrome b. Koro c. Zhat d. Zar ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual
44.
is a disorder affecting males, found principally in India, that involves an intense fear or anxiety over the loss of semen through nocturnal emissions, ejaculations, or excretion with urine. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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a. b. c. d.
Koro Dhat Syndrome Amok Falling out
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 45. "Amok" is a disorder found primarily among a. Western industrialized c. b. Sub-Saharan African d.
cultures. Middle East Islamic Pacific Island
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 46. A culture-bound disorder characterized by a violent or aggressive outburst following a return to normal functioning is called . a. ataque de nervios c. koro b. amok d. boufee dilerante ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 47. “Ataque de nervios” is found among the a. American Indian b. Pacific Island
c. d.
groups. North African Latin American
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 48. Dhat syndrome is found principally in a. Asia b. India
. c. d.
Africa Indonesia
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 49. A disorder affecting males that involves intense fear or anxiety over the loss of semen through nocturnal emissions, ejaculations, or through excretion with urine is called . a. dhat c. zar b. boufee delirante d. koro Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 50. "Ghost sickness" occurs mainly among a. Africans b. Asians
. c. d.
Haitians Native Americans
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 51. "Koro" syndrome is found mainly in a. India b. China
. c. d.
Brazil the Caribbean
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 52. A disorder comprised of episodes of acute anxiety involving the fear that one's genitals are shrinking and retracting into the body is called . a. dhat c. koro b. boufee delirante d. zar ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 53. "Zar" is found primarily in a. the Middle East b. the Far East
. c. d.
the Caribbean the Indian subcontinent
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 54. A disorder characterized by periods of shouting, banging of the head against the wall, laughing, and crying as a result of spirit possession is known as . a. zar c. dhat b. koro d. amok ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 55. A term used in a number of countries to describe the experience of spirit possession is a. dhat c. koro b. boufee delirante d. zar
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 56. In psychological assessment, the consistency of a measure or diagnostic instrument or system is its a. validity c. reliability b. variance d. coherence
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 104 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Factual 57. If various experts using a diagnostic system arrive at the same diagnosis when they evaluate the same cases; the diagnostic system may be considered . a. practical c. legitimate b. valid d. reliable ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 104 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Applied 58. Today, the soundest test of the validity of a diagnostic system is usually its correspondence with a. behavioral observations c. elementary school records b. maturational factors d. treatment prognosis
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 104 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Conceptual 59. Persons who have specific phobias (such as fear of heights) are generally highly responsive to techniques for reducing fears. a. psychodynamic c. humanistic b. Gestalt d. behavioral ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 104 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Factual 60. Recent editions of the DSM have placed
emphasis on weighing cultural factors when assessing
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a. b.
abnormal behavior compared to older editions. greater c. no less d. the same
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 104 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Conceptual 61. Validity issues exist for a. all b. most
of the DSM diagnostic categories. c. some d. none
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 104 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Factual 62. New changes to the DSM-5 include reclassifying Asperger’s disorder and autistic disorder under the general category of . a. childhood disintegrative disorders b. autism spectrum disorder c. attention-deficit disorders d. pervasive developmental disorders ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 104 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Factual 63. The DSM-5 classifies trichotillomania under the general category of a. obsessive compulsive and related disorders b. impulse control disorders c. anxiety disorders d. personality disorders
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 102 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Factual 64. Substance Use and Addictive Behaviors is a new category in the DSM-5 and includes a. sexual addiction b. binge eating disorder c. impulse control disorders d. pathological gambling ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 102 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
212
.
65. In the DSM-5, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was moved to the a. existing category of Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders b. existing category of Anxiety Disorders c. new category of Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders d. new category of Dissociative Disorders
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Factual 66. Which of the following is a source of controversy over the DSM-5? a. The lack of expansion of diagnosable disorders b. The lack of changes in classification of mental disorders c. Changes in diagnostic criteria for particular disorders d. The inclusion of additional addictive disorders ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 106 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Conceptual 67. The term “diagnostic inflation” refers to . a. the proliferation of new mental disorders in the DSM-5 b. the need to include additional mental disorders beyond what has already been added to the DSM-5 c. when therapists fabricate (“inflate”) a client’s symptoms to meet DSM-5 diagnostic criteria d. when clients fabricate (“inflate”) symptoms to meet DSM-5 diagnostic criteria ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 106 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Conceptual 68. Which of the following is a new mental disorder included in the DSM-5? a. Postmenstrual dysphoric disorder b. Binge eating disorder c. Conversion disorder d. Mild neurocognitive disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 106 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Conceptual 69. Criticism of the DSM-5 includes concerns that changes made in the set of symptoms or features for diagnosing autism spectrum disorder . a. will lead to over diagnoses b. will make it more difficult to conduct research on this population c. may profoundly affect the number of children identified as suffering from autism and related disorders d. may hinder communication between mental health professionals
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ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 106 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Conceptual 70. Criticism that important decisions about the DSM-5 were shrouded in secrecy, failed to incorporate input from many leading researchers and scholars, and lacked supported by an adequate body of empirical research are criticisms that focus on the DSM-5’s . a. process of validation b. process of development c. process of revision d. process of approval ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 107 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Conceptual 71. One significant change in the DSM-5 that has been generally well received involves a. the emphasis on dimensional assessment across most categories of disorders b. the changes in classification of mental disorders c. the changes in diagnostic criteria for particular disorders d. the process of the DSM-5’s development
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 107 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Conceptual 72. Dimensional assessment . a. allows clinicians to rate diagnostic categories as “present or absent” b. allows clinicians to make judgments about the relative severity and frequency of disorders c. allows clinicians to make judgments about the relative severity but not the frequency of disorders d. allows clinicians to make judgments about the frequency but not the relative severity of disorders ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 107 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Conceptual 73. Jamal’s client is presenting with symptoms consistent with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Jamal assesses for the severity and frequency of his client’s anxiety and diagnoses him as having a mild symptoms of GAD as opposed to indicating that he definitely has GAD or definitely does not. Jamal’s conceptualization of his client’s disorder as a matter of degree rather than simply as being “present or absent” is consistent with . a. dynamic assessment b. functional assessment c. categorical assessment d. dimensional assessment ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
Page: 107
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214
Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Applied 74. Which of the following is one of the reasons why Allen Frances called the approval of the DSM-5 a “sad day for psychiatry”? a. Expectable life challenges, such as mild cognitive changes or everyday forgetting in older adults, are now considered disorders. b. Behavioral problems like repeated temper tantrums in children are now less likely to be considered disorders. c. Potentially helpful medications are less likely to be used to treat newly labeled disorders in young children. d. Changes in diagnostic practices lead to poorer patient care. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 106 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Conceptual 75. The major advantage of the DSM is . a. its designation of specific diagnostic criteria b. that it is based on a medical model of classification c. its focus on categorizing mental disorders rather than describing behavioral strengths and weaknesses d. the validity of the system ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 107 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Conceptual 76. Which of the following is a common criticism against the current DSM system? a. Listing specific diagnostic criteria makes the DSM less reliable than using more general criteria. b. It fails to address milder impairments with a diagnostic label. c. It relies too heavily on the medical model. d. The number of possible diagnostic categories has significantly decreased from that of the previous editions. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 107 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Factual 77. The negative stereotyping of people who are identified as mentally ill is known as a. sanism c. punitive nomination b. judgmental analysis d. reductionism ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 108 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Factual 78. What is often referred to as the “Bible of Psychiatry?” Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
215
.
a. b.
APA DSM
c. d.
ICD WHO
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 108 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Factual 79. Thomas Widiger feels clinical psychologists should have many reasons to dislike the DSM-5. Which of the following statements reflects one of his reasons to dislike the DSM-5? a. The DSM-5 is under the control of a profession (psychiatry) with which clinical psychologists are in professional and economic competition. b. The DSM-5 diagnoses are difficult to process through health insurance claims agents. c. The utility of the DSM is diluted because it is available to the general public through bookstores and Internet sites. d. The DSM-5 is too complex for most clinicians to use effectively. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 108 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Conceptual 80. A measure of the consistency between different parts of a test is called a. construct reliability c. interrater reliability b. internal consistency d. test–retest reliability ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.4 Skill: Factual 81. a. b.
.
Page: 110
is crucial for tests that are intended to measure single traits or construct dimensions. Construct reliability c. Interrater reliability Internal consistency d. Test–retest reliability
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.4 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 110
82. Methods of assessment that yield similar results on separate occasions are said to have a. internal consistency c. test–retest reliability b. external consistency d. interrater reliability ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.4 Skill: Factual
.
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83. Vinnie gets on the bathroom scale every morning, and according to the scale he weighs about the same each time. If the scale is accurate, it can be said to have . Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
216
a. b.
internal consistency external consistency
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.4 Skill: Applied
c. d.
construct validity test–retest reliability
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84. Test-retest, interrater, and internal consistency are all types of a. validity c. correlation b. reliability d. legitimacy ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.4 Skill: Factual
.
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85. Two teachers are asked to use a behavioral rating scale to evaluate a child’s aggressiveness, hyperactivity, and sociability. If both teachers rate the child in similar ways, one could assume that the behavioral rating scale has . a. good internal consistency b. good interrater reliability c. good construct validity d. external consistency ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.4 Skill: Conceptual
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86. Dr. Duan has diagnosed her client with bipolar disorder. Dr. Duan refers her client to new a therapist after the client moves to a distant town. The client’s new therapist diagnoses the client with major depressive disorder. This lack of agreement between the two therapists who were evaluating the same behaviors would be considered . a. low construct reliability c. low interrater reliability b. low internal consistency d. low test–retest reliability ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.4 Skill: Applied
Page: 110
87. Which of the following is one of the three main approaches for demonstrating the validity of assessment techniques? a. Construct validity c. Multicultural validity b. Internal consistency validity d. External validity ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 111
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217
88. The degree to which test instruments measure what they are intended to measure is known as a. reliability c. rigor b. stability d. validity ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Factual
.
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89. In testing, the degree to which a test corresponds to the theoretical model of the underlying construct or trait it purports to measure is referred as the test’s . a. temporal validity c. construct validity b. content validity d. criterion validity ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Factual
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90. Content, criterion, and construct are all types of . a. validity c. correlation b. reliability d. legitimacy ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 110
91. Depression includes features such as sadness and lack of participation in previously enjoyed activities. If the items of a new test claiming to measure depression addresses neither of these qualities, it appears that the test lacks validity. a. temporal c. construct b. content d. criterion ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Applied
Page: 110
92. In an assessment technique, the degree to which responses correlate with an independent external standard of what the assessment technique is intended to assess is called . a. temporal validity c. construct validity b. content validity d. criterion validity ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Factual 93. Predictive validity is a type of
Page: 110
validity.
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218
a. b.
temporal content
c. d.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Factual
construct criterion
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94. The degree to which a test correctly identifies people who have the disorder the test is intended to detect is called . a. reliability c. sensitivity b. specificity d. face validity ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Factual 95. Tests which lack a. reliability b. specificity
Page: 110
produce high numbers of false negatives. c. sensitivity d. face validity
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 110
96. The degree to which a test classifying people as not having a particular disorder when, in fact, they do not have the disorder is known as . a. reliability c. sensitivity b. specificity d. face validity ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Factual 97. Tests which lack a. reliability b. specificity
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produce high numbers of false positives. c. sensitivity d. face validity
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 111
98. A general intelligence test is found to be a reliable indicator of how successful students will be in various adult career tracks. The test can be said to have validity. a. concurrent c. construct b. predictive d. content
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219
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Applied
Page: 110
99. The degree to which a test corresponds to the theoretical model it purports to measure is called validity. a. concurrent c. construct b. predictive d. content ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 111
100.A test purporting to measure depression is found to correlate highly with behaviors theoretically associated with depression. This test can be said to have validity. a. concurrent c. construct b. predictive d. content ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Applied
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101. Phrenologists believed they could assess people's personalities by measuring the
a. b.
bumps on their heads size and shape of their bodies
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Factual
.
size and shapes of their noses lines on their palms
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102. An eating disorder inventory concludes that Carrie does not have an eating disorder; Carrie is severely
a. b.
anorexic. This error is a false positive false negative
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Applied
. c. d.
true positive true negative
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103. Interviews, psychological testing, self-report questionnaires, behavioral measures, and physiological
a. b.
measures are all used by clinicians as methods of . assessment c. classification inquiry d. treatment
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 111
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220
Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual 104. The broad label that describes the use of different methods to arrive at diagnoses and conclusions about
a. b.
personality and cognitive function is classification mental status evaluation
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
. c. d.
psychodiagnostic testing assessment
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105. The most widely used means of assessment is the
a. b.
projective test intelligence test
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
. clinical interview objective personality test
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106. Mary is feeling emotionally distressed and goes to the emergency room at a local hospital. When the
a. b.
clinician asks Mary about her troubling thoughts and feelings, the clinician is attempting to obtain a psychological history c. obtain identifying data describe the presenting complaint d. obtain a medical/psychiatric history
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Applied
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107. Most clinical interviews include a psychosocial history which is information describing the client’s
a. b.
. developmental history medical problems
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
psychiatric history presenting problem
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108. In a(n)
a. b.
interview, the clinician adopts his or her own style of questioning rather than follow any standard format. unstructured c. semi-structured standardized d. structured
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6
Page: 112
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221
.
Skill: Factual 109. In a(n)
a. b.
interview, the clinician follows a general outline of questions designed to gather essential information, but is free to ask additional follow up questions. unstructured c. semistructured superstructured d. structured
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 112
110. In a(n)
a. b.
interview, the interview follows a preset series of questions in a particular order. unstructured c. semistructured quasi-structured d. structured
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 112
111. Spontaneity and conversational style are the major advantages of the
a. b.
unstructured interview superstructured interview
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
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112. Sticking to a linear and preplanned script is likely to occur within a(n)
a. b.
unstructured interview superstructured interview
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
interview.
semistructured interview structured interview
c. d.
interview.
semistructured interview structured interview
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113. Which type of clinical interview provides the highest level of reliability in reaching diagnostic judgments?
a. b.
unstructured semi-structured
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
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114. Standardized interviews are also known as
a.
unstructured
structured computerized
c.
interviews. semistructured
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222
b.
superstructured
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual 115.
a. b.
d.
Page: 112
interview techniques increase the reliability of diagnostic clinical judgments. Standardized c. Unstructured Informal d. Unstandardized
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 112
116. One example of a structured interview is the
a. b.
structured
MMPI-2 TAT
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
. SCID WAIS
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117. The SCID is comprised of
a. b.
. pictures of common social scenes only open-ended questions
c. d.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
only closed-ended questions both open- and close-ended questions
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118. Compared to a face-to-face interview, people may reveal
a. b. c. d.
information about themselves in a
computerized interview. less more more unreliable the same amount and quality of
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 113
119. Which of the following is true of computerized interview programs?
a. b. c.
They are as capable as skilled clinicians at obtaining information and reaching accurate diagnoses. Computers are better able to assess nuances from the client’s responses than a live, face-to-face interview can assess. The majority of these programs have been designed to substitute for a live therapist. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
223
d.
Clients appear to be less willing to share problems with a computer that they are embarrassed or unwilling to report to a human.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
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120. Research evidence suggests that the best computer programs are
a. b. c. d.
. not as good as humans at either obtaining information from a client or reaching an accurate diagnosis as good as humans at obtaining information from a client but not as good at reaching an accurate diagnosis as good as humans at reaching an accurate diagnosis, but not as good at obtaining information from a client as good as humans at obtaining information from a client and at reaching an accurate diagnosis
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
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121. Your authors note that computer interviews are
a. b.
interviews. less; less more; less
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
expensive and
time efficient than human
less; more more; more
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122. Clients sometimes prefer computerized interviews because
a. b. c. d.
. they are more likely to be covered by managed care insurance the clients feel less embarrassed than with a human interviewer they can more easily trick the computer than they can trick human interviewers they can discuss the responses with friends or relatives since they complete them at home
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
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123. The capacity to understand the world and the resourcefulness to cope with its challenges is one definition of
a. b.
. psychological affect emotional maturity
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7
c. d.
intelligence creativity
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224
Skill: Factual 124.
defined intelligence as “capacity to understand the world and the resourcefulness to cope with its challenges.” a. Alfred Binet c. Lewis Terman b. David Wechsler d. Ralph Reitan ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
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125. The first formal intelligence test was developed by
a. b.
David Wechsler Lewis Terman
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
c. d.
. Sigmund Freud Alfred Binet
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126. The most widely used intelligence tests today are the
a. b.
Binet-Simon tests Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
c. d.
. Wechsler Intelligence Scales Terman Intelligence Blanks
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127.A Wechsler IQ score is based on the relative deviation of a person’s score from the norms of the person’s . a. state of residence c. age group b. ethnic group d. age and gender group ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual 128. About
a. b.
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percent of the IQ scores of any population on the Wechsler scales lie within the range of 90-
110. 30 50
c. d.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
70 90
Page: 115
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225
129. About
a. b.
percent of the IQ scores of any population on the Wechsler scales are above 130 or below
70. 1 5
c. d.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
10 15
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130. Approximately, what percent of IQ scores fall between 55 and 145?
a. b.
90% 95%
c. d.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
98% 99%
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131. Wechsler labeled those with IQ scores below
a. b.
80 60
as "intellectually deficient." c. d.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
50 70
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132. Wechsler labeled those with IQ scores above
a. b.
130 160
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual 133. IQ scores below
a. b.
as "very superior." c. d.
130 100
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are one of the criteria used in diagnosing intellectual disability. c. 70 d. 40
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual 134. Self-report personality tests use
a. open-ended b. unstructured
190 220
Page: 115
items. c. objective d. subjective
ANSWER: C Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
226
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 116
135. Self-report personality inventories are also called
a. b.
projective tests subjective tests
c. d.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
. introjective tests objective tests
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136. Linda takes a self-report test which asks her to look over a list of adjectives and check the ones which apply
a. b.
to her. The test is a(n) projective subjective
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
test. c. d.
introjective objective
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137. Steve takes the MMPI-2 which poses more than 567 true-false questions about his interests, habits, family,
a. b.
etc. The MMPI-2 is considered what type of a test? projective c. introjective subjective d. objective
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 116
138.A psychologist administers a self-report test to a female college student. The test contains a list of questions, each asking her to decide which of two statements better describes her. This test is a(n) test. a. projective c. introjective b. subjective d. objective ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied 139. The MMPI is an example of a(n)
a. b.
projective test structured interview technique
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. c. d.
IQ test objective test
ANSWER: D Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
227
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 116
140. Scales that measure the degree to which someone attempts to "fake good" or "fake bad" on the MMPI are
a. b.
called . diagnostic scales content scales
c. d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
141.A standard score of significant. a. 50 b. 65
validity scales clinical scales
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or higher on a particular scale of the MMPI is considered to be clinically
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
c. d.
85 100
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142. Scales on the MMPI that measure an individual’s specific complaints or concerns are called
a. b.
diagnostic scales content scales
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
validity scales clinical scales
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143. The MMPI has recently been revised and contains additional scales that assess specific concerns such as
a. b.
anger, anxiety, and family problems. These scales are called diagnostic c. clinical content d. validity
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 116
144. When interpreting MMPI profiles, clinicians often refer to
a. b. c.
scales.
or descriptions of people who usually
attain various profiles. encyclopedias concordances atlases Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
228
d.
MMPI administration manuals
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
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145. The MMPI-2
a. b. c. d.
the DSM criteria, thus scores parallels; can is similar to; can is not tied specifically to; cannot correlates well with; can
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual 146. The MMPI-2 includes
a. b.
Page: 116
scales.
consistency reliability
c. d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual 147. Scale 2 of the MMPI is
. c. hysteria d. depression
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual 148. Scale 7 of the MMPI is
psychopathic deviate psychasthenia
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
validity intelligence
Page: 116
a. hypochondriasis b. mania
a. b.
be used to establish a diagnosis.
Page: 116
. c. d.
paranoia depression
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149. Egbert has many physical complaints. He is cynical, has a defeatist attitude and is seen by his family as
a. b.
whiny and demanding. He is most likely to score high on the social introversion c. paranoia psychasthenia d. hypochondriasis
scale of the MMPI.
ANSWER: D Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
229
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 116
150. Bert displays low affect, sad mood, and acts lethargic and despondent. He is pessimistic, apathetic, and
a. b.
worries constantly. He is most likely to score high on the hypochondriasis c. hysteria hypomania d. depression
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
scale of the MMPI.
Page: 116
151. Steve is naive, immature, and egocentric. He has little insight into his problems and develops physical
a. b.
complaints in response to stress. He is most likely to score high on the social introversion c. hysteria psychasthenia d. hypochondriasis
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
scale of the MMPI.
Page: 117
152. Lloyd is rebellious, impulsive, and often angry. He has antisocial tendencies and a poor relationship with
a. b.
his family. He has a poor work and school history and has trouble incorporating societal values. He is most likely to score high on the scale of the MMPI. paranoia c. schizophrenia psychopathic-deviate d. psychasthenia
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 117
153. Juan is suspicious, guarded, and aloof. He is resentful of others and blames them for his problems. He is
a. b.
most likely to score high on the paranoia social introversion
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
scale of the MMPI. c. hysteria d. psychasthenia
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154. Ralph is anxious, tense, and worried constantly. He is extremely insecure and has difficulty concentrating.
a. b.
He has tremendous self-doubts and is obsessive in his thinking and behavior. He is most likely to score high on the scale of the MMPI. depression c. hysteria psychasthenia d. hypomania
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230
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 117
155. Brock’s thinking is illogical and confused. He experiences hallucinations and delusions, and feels
a. b.
misunderstood and alienated. He is most likely to score high on the paranoia c. schizophrenia psychopathic-deviate d. psychasthenia
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
scale of the MMPI.
Page: 117
156. Devin is energetic, socially active, and optimistic. He is flighty and at times easily irritated. He also has an
a. b.
over-inflated self-image and unrealistic dreams. He is most likely to score high on the the MMPI. hypomania c. psychopathic-deviate hysteria d. psychasthenia
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
scale of
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157. Don is shy, inhibited, and withdrawn. He is quiet, reserved, and lacks self-confidence. He does not like
a. b.
crowds or parties and tends to be anxious in social situations. He is most likely to score high on the scale of the MMPI. depression c. social introversion masculinity-femininity d. psychasthenia
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied 158. The MMPI consists of
a. b.
4 6
Page: 117
major clinical scales. c. 8 d. 10
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
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159. Ralph is depressed. He is most likely to score high on what scale number of the MMPI?
a. b.
1 2
c. d.
3 4
ANSWER: B Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
231
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 117
160. The personality test designed to help clinicians make diagnostic judgments within the DSM system,
a. b.
especially for personality disorders, is the MMPI c. HSCL d.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual 161. The MCMI focuses on
a. b.
. BDI MCMI
Page: 117
disorders.
developmental personality
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
c. d.
affective anxiety
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162.A disadvantage of self-report inventories is that they a. lack reliability b. rely on clients as the source of data c. rely on the clinician’s ability to interpret data d. are insufficiently structured ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Conceptual
.
Page: 118
163.A client at a mental health clinic is given a test in which she is asked to describe a series of ambiguouslooking ink blots. The test she is taking is a(n) test. a. structured c. projective b. objective d. neuropsychological ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied 164. Projective tests are based upon
a. b.
psychodynamic humanistic
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment
Page: 118
theories. c. cognitive d. social learning
Page: 118
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232
Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual 165. The TAT is an example of a(n)
a. b.
test.
forced-choice objective
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
c. d.
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166. The Rorschach test is an example of a(n)
a. b.
forced-choice objective
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
projective intelligence
c. d.
test. projective intelligence
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167. Psychodynamic theorists believe that individuals project
a. b.
needs, drives, and motives on to an
ambiguous stimulus when taking a projective test. sexual c. unconscious aggressive d. suppressed
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Conceptual
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168. Behavioral theorists criticize projective testing techniques and feel that projective tests
a. b. c. d.
take too long for clinicians to administer rely too much on the subjective interpretations of the clinician administering the tests are not scored using valid, normative data do not take cultural biases into account when interpreted
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 119
169. Figure drawing and sentence completion tasks are examples of
a. b. c. d.
.
objective personality tests achievement tests neuropsychological tests projective tests
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7
Page: 118
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233
.
Skill: Factual 170. Which of the following is a projective test?
a. b.
the MMPI the WAIS
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
c. d.
the MCMI the TAT
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171. Herman Rorschach believed that the “percepts” individuals saw in the inkblots reflected their
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 118
172. The Rorschach test consists of
a. b. c. d.
as
well as the stimulus cues provided by the blot. ability to see clearly ability to see all colors of the visual spectrum personalities health status
stimulus cards that consist of 10; images of human interacting in everyday situations 10; ambiguous, symmetrical forms 12; triangle shapes positioned at different angles 12; images of human interacting in everyday situations
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
.
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173. Amy takes a Rorschach test. Her responses tend to be based solely on minor details of the inkblots.
a. b.
According to Rorschach’s interpretation of her response, she is likely to be diagnosed as having tendencies. depressed c. hysteric passive-aggressive d. obsessive-compulsive
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 119
174. Alex takes a Rorschach test. She uses the entire blot in most of her responses. The examiner most likely to
a. b. c. d.
interpret her responses as suggesting that . she has obsessive-compulsive tendencies she has passive aggressive tendencies she has an ability to integrate events in meaningful ways she has an underlying negative and stubborn streak
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234
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 119
175. Brenda recently was administered a Rorschach test by a psychologist. Most of her responses focus on the
a. b. c. d.
white spaces among the ink smears. The psychologist is likely to interpret her responses as meaning she has . obsessive-compulsive tendencies passive aggressive tendencies an ability to integrate events in meaningful ways an underlying negative and stubborn streak
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 119
176. The ability to perceive the world accurately and distinguish reality from fantasy is known as
a. b.
coherence personality integration
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
perceptual ability reality testing
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177. John has recently been administered a Rorschach test by a psychologist. His responses are consistent with
a. b.
the form or contours of the blot. These test results suggest that John has . high levels of creativity c. obsessive-compulsive tendencies adequate reality testing d. elaborate defense mechanisms
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 119
178. According to the text, Rorschach responses that report movement in the blots are suggestive of
a. b.
intelligence and creativity adequate reality testing
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
c. d.
.
obsessive-compulsive tendencies elaborate defense mechanisms
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179. Patrick recently was administered a Rorschach test. A number of his responses indicate confusion about
a. b.
whether the percepts he saw as people were male or female. This response pattern suggests problems relating to people c. conflict over her own gender identity visual perception impairment d. resentment about taking the test
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235
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 119
180. Clinicians who use the Rorschach make interpretations on the basis of
.
a. content and form b. ability to respond to the inkblots quickly and succinctly c. attitude about the test and story created about how the blots were created d. resistance to or acceptance of mother figures in the cards. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
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181. The Thematic Apperception Test was developed by
a. b.
Murray Termin
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
Wechsler Bandura
Page: 119
182. Psychodynamic theorists believe that test-takers will
in their TAT stories and underlying psychological needs and conflicts into their responses. a. reject the protagonist; reveal b. identify with the protagonist; project c. defend themselves against the protagonist; reveal predominant defense mechanisms d. identify with the protagonist; resolve
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 119
183. The TAT is composed of a series of cards
a. b. c. d.
. containing nonsense syllables containing ambiguous inkblots with open-ended statements like "My favorite food is ..." depicting ambiguous scenes
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 119
184. The word apperception, as used in the name of the Thematic Apperception Test, comes from a French
a.
word which roughly means out of chaos comes order
.
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236
b. c. d.
much made from little interpreting new ideas on the basis of existing ideas uncovering the past
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
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185. Proponents of the TAT feel that the test reflects
a. b. c. d.
. the client’s overall intellectual functioning the client’s attitudes toward others, particularly family members and partners possible organic brain damage in clients a client’s ability to tell right from wrong
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 119
186. During his psychological evaluation, Aaron was given a test in which he was shown a series of cards, each
a. b.
depicting an ambiguous scene. For each card, he was asked to describe what led up to the scene, what was happening, what the characters are thinking and feeling, and what would happen next. Aaron most likely was administered the . Wechsler intelligence test c. Rorschach Inkblot test TAT d. MMPI
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 119
187. Critics of the Rorschach believe that the test
a. b. c. d.
. does not take culture into account with its interpretation is too threatening to most individuals because it is ambiguous fails to meet standards of scientific utility or validity has limited utility for use with individuals who are hearing impaired
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 119
188. Critics of the TAT feel that a person’s responses to the test may
a. b. c. d.
. reveal little about the individual other than verbal skills is more of a test of imagination than one of a psychological profile reveal more about an individual’s willingness to take risks than their psychopathology say more about the features of the drawings than the person’s underlying personality
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment
Page: 120
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237
Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied 189. Evidence on the use of projective tests
a. b. c. d.
. is completely lacking for their use in diagnosing mental disorders is supportive of the use of the TAT but not the Rorschach is mixed, with supporters and critics both marshaling considerable evidence for their point of view is overwhelmingly supportive of their use in diagnosing mental disorders
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 120
190. Psychologist George Stricker made what point clear about projective testing?
a. b. c. d.
It is a testing technique that has clear empirical evidence for it. It is a testing technique that has clear empirical evidence against it. It is a texting technique used best by counselors but not psychologists. It is a testing technique used most likely by those who believe in it more than what the empirical evidence actually has to say about it.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual 191.A a. b. c. d.
Page: 120
is a medical doctor who specializes in disorders of the nervous system. psychiatrist neurologist neuropsychologist endocrinologist
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 120
192. Various methods of
a. b.
assessment help researchers and clinicians evaluate whether or not behavioral problems reflect underlying organic conditions or brain damage. neuropsychological c. actuarial neurophysiological d. clinical
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 120
193. Along with neuropsychological assessment,
may be used to shed light on relationships between brain function and underlying abnormalities. a. projective techniques c. brain imaging techniques b. biofeedback d. phrenological assessment Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
238
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 120
194. Hillary is asked by her therapist to reproduce geometric designs, printed on separate cards, on to a sheet of
a. b. c. d.
paper. She is then asked to reproduce the designs again from memory. She is taking the Luria Nebraska Test Battery Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.8 Skill: Applied
.
Page: 120
195. Why are clients asked to produce the figures of the Bender Gestalt Visual Motor Test from memory?
a. b. c. d.
Neurological damage can impair memory functioning which would be evaluated in the client’s ability to engage in the task. By adding complexity to the instructions, the examiner is able to assess the client’s ability to follow directions. Drawing from memory is a more subjective experience; the client’s unconscious conflicts may be revealed. Physical problems such as a tremor in the hand would be more evident in a memory task.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.8 Skill: Conceptual
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196. The Halstead-Reitan Test Battery reveals
a. b. c. d.
. patterns of responses suggesting unconscious conflicts or repressed memories patterns of skills deficits that are suggestive of certain kinds of organic defects a profile of someone's personal and professional areas of interests if a personality disorder exists
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 120
197. Which of the following is a test in the Halstead-Reitan Test Battery?
a. b.
block design test category test
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.8 Skill: Factual
c. d.
picture arrangement test tactual performance test
Page: 120
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239
198. In which Halstead-Reitan subtest is the subject blindfolded and asked to fit wooden blocks into shaped
depressions? a. Category test b. Grooved design test ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.8 Skill: Factual
c. Picture puzzle test d. Tactual performance test
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199. Impairment on the Category Test is believed to be associated with
a. b.
right temporal lobe left temporal lobe
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 120
200. Impairment on the Rhythm Test is believed to be associated with
a. b.
right temporal lobe left temporal lobe
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.8 Skill: Factual
brain damage.
c. frontal lobe d. occipital lobe
brain damage.
c. frontal lobe d. occipital lobe
Page: 120
201. Impairment on the Tactual Performance Test is believed to be associated with
a. b.
right temporal lobe left temporal lobe
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.8 Skill: Factual
brain damage.
c. parietal lobe d. occipital lobe
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202. Which of the following is one of the first neuropsychological tests ever developed?
a. b.
Wechsler Scales Stanford-Binet Test
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.8 Skill: Factual
c. The Halstead-Reitan Battery d. The Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test
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203. Which of the following is one of the most widely used neuropsychological tests today?
a. b.
Wechsler Scales Stanford-Binet Test
c. The Halstead-Reitan Battery d. The Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test
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240
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.8 Skill: Factual 204. The
a. b.
Page: 120
model treats test results as samples of behavior that occur in specific situations rather than signs of underlying personality types or traits. Gestalt c. behavioral psychometric d. actuarial
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 121
205. An examiner attempts to assess a client's behavior pattern through the use of analogues and a functional
a. b.
analysis of the problem behavior. This examiner is using the naturalistic c. neuropsychological psychometric d. behavioral
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Applied
model of assessment.
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206. Behavioral assessment treats test results as
a. b. c. d.
rather than as signs of underlying personality traits. overt evidence of psychopathology occurring in random settings samples of behavior that occur in specific situations specific behaviors triggered by environmental contagions random behavioral events
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Conceptual 207.A a. b. c. d.
Page: 121
is an analysis of the problem behavior in relation to antecedents, or stimulus cues that trigger it, and consequences, or reinforcements that maintain it. functional analysis behavioral sampling interpretive assessment unconscious analysis
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Factual
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208. The behavioral interview, more so than the general clinical interview, focuses on the
a.
the problem. genetic predispositions
c.
situational factors
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241
that relate to
b.
person variables
d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Conceptual
childhood factors
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209. For Kerry, the “Royal Terror,” which technique was used to assess the behavior of this uncontrolled 7-year-
old boy? a. Rorschach Inkblot Test b. Halstead-Reitan
c. direct observation d. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Factual
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210. Direct observation is a hallmark of
a. b.
personality tests behavioral assessment
c. d.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Conceptual 211.
a. b. c. d.
. clinical interviews intelligence tests
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refers to the tendency for the behavior being observed by a clinician to be influenced by the way in which the behavior is measured. Observer drift Reductionism Reactivity A situation confound
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Factual
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212. The hallmark technique of behavioral assessment is
a. b.
direct observation analogue measurement
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Factual
. self-monitoring the structured interview
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213. In assessment, the tendency of raters to deviate, over time, from the coding system in which they were
a. b.
trained is called observer variance the Hawthorne effect
. c. d.
observer drift perceptual shift
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242
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 123
214. Behaviors that can be
a. b. c. d.
are well suited for behavioral diaries. legally preformed directly observed by others counted engaged in by the client without undue stress
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Factual
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215. Holly consults a clinician specializing in behavioral assessment about her compulsive hair pulling problem.
a. b.
A likely assessment procedure for this clinician to implement with Holly is the TAT c. biofeedback the Fear Survey d. self-monitoring
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Applied
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216. Personal digital assistants (e.g., smart phones) are now often used in
a. self-monitoring b. neuropsychological ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Factual
c. d.
assessment.
intellectual objective personality
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217. Having clients record undesirable behaviors such as smoking may make them
a. b. c. d.
less motivated to change the behavior more likely to falsify records of the behavior more aware of the need to change the behavior more likely switch to another undesirable behavior
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 124
218. Duke researchers have developed an app that is useful for screening infants for signs of
a. b.
.
behaviors. psychotic bed wetting Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
243
.
c. d.
autistic anxious
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Factual
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219. The Behavioral Approach Task is a popular
a. b.
experimental in vivo
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
measure. analogue psychometric
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220. The Behavioral Approach Task is used to help clients deal with
a. b.
generalized anxiety phobias
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
conversion disorders cognitive dissonance
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221. Peggy attends an assertiveness training class. As part of the class she is expected to role-play assertive
a. b.
behavior. This technique is also known as a(n) . in vivo method c. holistic approach analogue measure d. experimental approach
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Applied
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222. In discussing his child's problem behaviors with a therapist, Fred is asked to review a checklist of more
a. b.
than 100 specific problem behaviors and place a check mark next to each behavior that applies to his child. This checklist is known as a . behavioral rating scale c. social desirability scale behavioral approach task d. social reactivity scale
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Applied
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223. Behavioral rating scales are often used by parents to assess children’s problem behaviors. The Child
a.
Behavior Checklist, for example, asks parents to rate their children on more than 100 specific problem behaviors, including all of the following except: Refuses to eat c. Is socially responsible Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
244
b.
Is disobedient
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Applied
d. Is uncooperative
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224. Tara visits a therapist to deal with her anxiety and depression. The therapist explores her thoughts, beliefs,
a. b.
and attitudes and attempts to replace her self-defeating thoughts with rational, self-enhancing thought patterns. Her therapist is using a assessment approach. psychometric c. cognitive behavioral d. Gestalt
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.10 Skill: Applied
Page: 126
225. The thought record (or diary) is a technique used in the
a. b.
psychometric behavioral
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.10 Skill: Factual
c. d.
assessment approach.
humanistic cognitive
Page: 126
226. Who designed the Daily Record of Dysfunctional Thoughts?
a. b.
Carl Rogers T.M. Achenbach
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.10 Skill: Factual
c. Aaron Beck d. Mary Ainsworth
Page: 126
227. Nancy visits a therapist to help deal with her anxiety and depression. The therapist administers a rating
a. b. c. d.
scale in which she rates the weekly frequency and degree of conviction of 30 negative thoughts. The scale she was given was probably the . Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale Daily Record of Dysfunctional Thoughts Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire Cognitive Checklist
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.10 Skill: Applied
Page: 126
228. Mia visits a therapist to help deal with her anxiety and depression. The therapist administers a rating scale
in which she rates the conviction with which she holds different beliefs or attitudes associated with Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
245
a. b. c. d.
depression. The scale she was given was probably the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale Daily Record of Dysfunctional Thoughts Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire Cognitive Checklist
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.10 Skill: Applied
.
Page: 127
229. Statements like, “I’m a loser,” “What’s wrong with me,” and “I’m just worthless,” can be found on which
a. b. c. d.
of the following instruments? Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale Daily Record of Dysfunctional Thoughts Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire Cognitive Checklist
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.10 Skill: Factual
Page: 127
230. The measurement of physical responses that may be associated with abnormal behavior is known as
a. b.
assessment. psychometric physiological
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Factual
c. d.
psychoneural psychoanalytical
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231. Anxious people sweat, and that sweating can be measured by
a. b.
electroencephalograph electromyograph
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Factual
c. d.
. electrocardiograph electrodermal response
Page: 127
232. Electrical activity of the brain is measured by the
a. b.
electroencephalograph electromyograph
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Factual
c. d.
. electrocardiograph electrodermal response
Page: 128
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246
233. Changes in muscle tension associated with anxiety can be measured by means of a
a. b.
electroencephalograph electromyograph
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
electrocardiograph electrodermal response
Page: 128
234. Karl wants to examine brain wave patterns associated with psychological disorders such as schizophrenia,
a. b.
and with physiological problems related to tumors and brain damage. He should probably use a(n) . CT scan c. EEG PET scan d. MRI
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Applied
Page: 128
235. An imaging technique that uses an X-ray beam and radiation to reveal abnormality in the shape or structure
a. b.
of various parts of the brain is a CT scan PET scan
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Factual
. c. d.
BEAM NMR
Page: 128
236. An imaging technique that uses a radioactive tracer to measure the functioning of various parts of the brain
a. b.
is . a CT scan a PET scan
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Factual
c. d.
BEAM MRI
Page: 128
237. Which disorder has the PET scan been useful in assessing?
a. depression b. bipolar disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Factual
c. d.
phobia schizophrenia
Page: 128
238. An imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to create an image of the brain is
. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
247
a. b.
a CT scan a PET scan
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Factual 239.
a. b.
c. d.
MRI BEAM
Page: 128
is used to identify parts of the brain that become active when people engage in particular tasks, such as vision, memory, or use of speech. MRI c. CAT fMRI d. PET
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Factual
Page: 129
240. Which of the following statements is true about brain abnormalities found in patients with schizophrenia?
a. b. c. d.
They are subtle or fall within a normal range of variation in the general population. They are subtle but fall outside the normal range of variation in the general population. They are obvious but fall within the normal range of variation in the general population. They are obvious and fall outside the normal range of variation in the general population.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Factual
Page: 130
241. Which of the following statements is true about brain scans showing schizophrenia?
a. b. c. d.
They show a high activity within the frontal lobes’ regions of the cerebral cortex. They show a low activity within the frontal lobes’ regions of the cerebral cortex. They show a high activity within the temporal lobes’ regions of the cerebral cortex. Brain scans are not yet able to show definitively schizophrenia.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Factual
Page: 130
242. The text stresses that in testing people from other cultures _
a. b. c. d.
are essential to original items in a test. kindness and respect; encourage clients to engage with the challenges careful translations; capture the meanings time and patience; capture the meanings being flexible and comfortable with multicultural issues; interpreting the objective
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 130 Topic: Sociocultural Factors in Psychological Assessment Learning Objective: 3.12 Skill: Conceptual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
248
of the
243. Spanish-speakers are often judged to be more disturbed when interviewed
a. b. c. d.
.
in English rather than in Spanish with an interpreter as a go-between for the client and the interviewer in Spanish rather than English by a non-Hispanic interviewer
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 131 Topic: Sociocultural Factors in Psychological Assessment Learning Objective: 3.12 Skill: Factual 244. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) demonstrates good validity when used
a. b. c. d.
to distinguish
between depressed and non-depressed people. exclusively with European Americans in the US with ethnic minority groups in the US European American and African American but not with other minorities in the US with fully bicultural ethnic minorities in the US
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 131 Topic: Sociocultural Factors in Psychological Assessment Learning Objective: 3.12 Skill: Factual
True-False Questions 245. Freud was the first modern theorist to develop a comprehensive system of classification.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 99 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 246. Emil Kraepelin was the first modern theorist to develop a comprehensive system of classification.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 99 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 247. The most widely used diagnostic manual worldwide is the International Statistical Classification of
Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 100 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 248. In the DSM system, abnormal behavior patterns are not classified as mental disorders.
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249
ANSWER: F Page: 100 Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 249.A person whose behavior is significantly impaired immediately following the death of a loved one has a mental disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 101 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 250. The DSM system, like the medical model, treats abnormal behaviors as signs or symptoms of underlying
disorders or pathologies. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 101 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 251. The DSM system does not subscribe to a particular theory of abnormal behavior.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 101 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Conceptual 252. The DSM system is explanatory, not descriptive.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 101 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 253. The DSM system is based on the behavioral approach to classification.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 101 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 254. Two of the major changes in the DSM-5 include removing a dimensional component and including a
multiaxial component. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 101 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
250
255. Psychological distress may be experienced differently in different cultures.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 103 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 256. Dhat is a culture-bound syndrome found among some Indian men that is characterized by anxiety over
losing semen. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 257. Amok is a culture-bound syndrome found among some Asian women that is characterized by distress over
losing a baby. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 258. More recent DSM editions place greater emphasis on weighing cultural factors when assessing abnormal
behavior than did earlier editions. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 104 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Factual 259. The DSM-5 reclassifies Asperger’s disorder and autistic disorder under the general category of autism
spectrum disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 106 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Factual 260. The expansion of diagnosable disorders is not a source of controversy over the DSM-5.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 106 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Factual 261. One criticism of the DSM-5’s process of development was that the organizers solicited insufficient input
from many leading researchers and scholars.
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251
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 107 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Factual 262. The validity of a measure of assessment is its consistency.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 110 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.4 Skill: Factual 263. Interrater reliability is usually of greatest importance in making diagnostic decisions and rating behaviors.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 110
264. The most appropriate test of the validity of a diagnostic system is its correspondence with behavioral
observations. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 110 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Factual 265. Construct validity is also called predictive validity.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 111
266. Content validity and predictive validity are both types of construct validity.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 110
267.A psychological test must be valid in order to be reliable. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 110
268. Although it is not an exact science, the measurement of the bumps on a person’s head can be used to Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
252
determine the person’s personality traits. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 111
269. Psychological assessment is synonymous with psychological testing.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 111
270. The most widely used means of assessment is the clinical interview.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual 271.
Page: 111
The major advantage of the unstructured interview is its spontaneity and conversational style. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 112
272. Researchers find that people report more personal problems when interviewed by human interviewers than
impersonal computers. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 113
273. Most of the resistance to using computer interviews of clients for obtaining information and reaching an
accurate diagnosis comes from clinicians rather than clients. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 113
274. Psychological tests are unstructured methods of assessment.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7
Page: 114
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Skill: Factual 275. An objective test of personality is one that does not require any subjective judgments on the part of the
person taking the test. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 117
276. The MMPI contains several hundred open-ended questions that assess intellectual ability.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 116
277. The MMPI was originally intended to establish the parameters and explore the varieties of normal
behavior. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 116
278.A weakness of the MMPI is that it has no validity scales. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 116
279. The Rorschach test is classified as an objective test.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 118
280. The MMPI is classified as a projective test.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 116
281. One of the most widely used tests of personality asks people to interpret what they see in a series of
inkblots. ANSWER: T Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
254
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 118
282. Murray developed several individually administered intelligence tests for children and adults.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 119
283. The reliability and validity of projective tests has proven to be quite high.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 119
284. Neuropsychological tests attempt to reveal brain dysfunctions without surgical procedures.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 120
285. Behavioral observation is limited to measuring overt behaviors.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 121
286. In self-monitoring, the client assumes primary responsibility for assessing the problem behavior.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 123
287. Behavioral diaries can help clients increase desirable, but low-frequency behaviors.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 123
288. One of the most popular examples of an analogue measure is the Behavioral Rating Scale.
ANSWER: F Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
255
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 125
289. Cognitive assessment techniques are used most frequently by Gestalt therapists.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.10 Skill: Factual
Page: 126
290. Modern imaging techniques allow us to see inside the brain without surgery.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Factual
Page: 128
291. The CT scan reveals abnormalities in brain shape and structure that may be suggestive of lesions, blood
clots, or tumors. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Factual
Page: 128
292. In an fMRI study, when cocaine-addicted subjects experienced cocaine cravings, their brains showed
greater activity in areas that become engaged when healthy subjects watched depressing videotapes. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 129
293. An EEG measures electrical activity within the brain.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 128
294. GSR stands for graded sweat results.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 127
295. Assessment techniques that are valid and reliable in one culture may not be so in another. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
256
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.12 Skill: Factual
Page: 130
296. Research evidence indicates that the MMPI-2 is biased against African Americans in ways that cause them
to be over diagnosed with certain mental disorders. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 131 Topic: Sociocultural Factors in Psychological Assessment Learning Objective: 3.12 Skill: Factual 297. Research evidence indicates that the Beck Depression Inventory is not biased against ethnic minority
groups within the United States. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 131 Topic: Sociocultural Factors in Psychological Assessment Learning Objective: 3.12 Skill: Factual
Essay Questions 298. Discuss the historical origins of modern diagnostic systems and the development of the DSM system.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 100 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Factual 299. Define the concept of "mental disorders" in the DSM system and explain how the diagnostic system adheres
to the medical model. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 100 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Conceptual 300. Describe the major changes in the DSM-5 compared to that of the multiaxial system of the DSM-IV. Why
did the DSM-5 emphasize a dimensional component of assessment and diagnosis, and how does the DSM-5 attempt to accomplish this goal? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 101 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Conceptual 301. Summarize the criticisms of the use of a categorical model of diagnosis. What do behaviorally oriented
psychologists feel should be the focus in understanding abnormal behavior? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 101
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257
Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.1 Skill: Conceptual 302. Name three or more culture-bound syndromes and discuss their features.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.2 Skill: Factual 303. Describe three major changes to the DSM-5, including new disorders and existing disorders reclassified
under new diagnostic labels. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 105 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Factual 304. Describe four main points of controversy in the development of the DSM-5.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 106 Topic: How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified? Learning Objective: 3.3 Skill: Factual 305. Explain three approaches to demonstrating the reliability of methods of assessment.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 110 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.4 Skill: Factual 306. Explain three approaches to demonstrating the validity of methods of assessment.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 110 Topic: Standards of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.5 Skill: Factual 307. What is a clinical interview? Describe five main components typically covered in this type of interview.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 111 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual 308. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of computerized interviews.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 113 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.6 Skill: Factual 309. Differentiate between a structured, semi-structured, and unstructured interview. What are the strengths and
weaknesses of each? Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
258
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 114 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual 310. How does David Wechsler define intelligence? Based on this definition, speculate on the problems
associated with the use of intelligence testing. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 114 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Applied 311. How is an IQ score determined using the Wechsler scales?
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 114 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Factual 312. Compare and contrast the MMPI and the Rorschach. Discuss the history, features, reliability, and validity
of these tests. How might the use of both instruments be helpful in a psychological evaluation? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 116-119 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Conceptual 313. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a structured personality test like the MMPI?
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 117 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Conceptual 314. How are projective assessments different from objective assessment instruments?
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 118 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.7 Skill: Conceptual 315. Describe the use of psychological tests in the assessment of neuropsychological functioning. Identify at
least two tests by name and describe what they measure. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 120 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.8 Skill: Factual 316. Describe three tests found in the Halsted-Reitan Battery that could be used in the assessment of head
trauma. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 120-121 Topic: Methods of Assessment Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
259
Learning Objective: 3.8 Skill: Applied 317. Discuss the advantages and limitations of behavioral assessment.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 121 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Conceptual 318. Describe the following techniques: the behavioral interview, self-monitoring, use of PDAs (e.g., smart
phones), direct observation, behavioral rating scales. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 121-126 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.9 Skill: Factual 319. Discuss the use of thought diaries and questionnaires that assess automatic thoughts and dysfunctional
attitudes. What criticisms have the behaviorists made about the use of cognitive techniques such as the thought diary? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 126 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.10 Skill: Factual 320. Describe three measures of physiological arousal that use probes attached to the body in their assessment.
What are these instruments measuring and how do they accomplish the measurement? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Factual
Page: 127
321. Discuss the use of brain scans in diagnosing psychological disorders. What problems have been identified
in the use of these instruments in identifying psychological disorders? Where has imaging research shown the most promise? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Methods of Assessment Learning Objective: 3.11 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 128
322. Identify ways in which assessments instruments should be used so as to avoid introducing cultural bias into
psychological assessment. How does the client’s language preference impact the results of the assessment? Name at least two psychological assessment instruments and the issues that have or need to be addressed in their use with diverse populations. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 130 Topic: Sociocultural Factors in Psychological Assessment Learning Objective: 3.12 Skill: Conceptual
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REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS EOC Q3.1 Simon dislikes it when people refer to him as “that scary schizophrenic” and instead wishes that people would refer to him as , which does not define him by the disorder he has. a) b) c) d)
a schizophrenic person a person with schizophrenia disordered a mental patient
Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.1 Describe the key features of the DSM system of diagnostic classification. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q3.2 A culture-bound syndrome is a) b) c) d)
.
a pattern of abnormal behavior found within only one or a few cultures when a disorder common in one culture starts to be found outside of that specific community extremely rare, because virtually all syndromes can be found in many cultures less of a concern in modern culture as a result of rapid globalization in the past decade
Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.2 Describe the concept of culture-bound syndromes and identify some examples. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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EOC Q3.3 Samantha is a landlord who deceived a prospective young tenant with a psychiatric disorder, telling him that the apartment was rented. The next day she rented the same apartment to someone else. Samantha engaged in . a) b) c) d)
sanism sexism ageism racism
Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain why the new edition of the DSM, the DSM-5, is controversial and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the DSM system. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q3.4 Which of the following is a culture-bound syndrome in the United States? a) b) c) d)
amok anorexia nervosa ghost sickness attack of the nerves
Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.2 Describe the concept of culture-bound syndromes and identify some examples. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOC Q3.5 When evaluating diagnostic systems like the DSM, psychologists search for reliability; by this they mean that the diagnostic instrument . a) b) c) d)
results in a diagnosis that corresponds to behavior yields the same result on different occasions measures the trait or characteristic it is supposed to measure allows predictions about the course of a disorder
Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.4 Identify methods of assessing reliability of tests and measures. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
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262
EOC Q3.6 Tests that lack sensitivity and report that people do not have disorders that they do in fact have, produce , whereas tests that lack specificity produce a high number of . a) b) c) d)
false positives; true negatives true negatives; false positives false positives; false negatives false negatives; false positives
Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.5 Identify methods of assessing validity of tests and measures. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q3.7 interviews provide the highest level of reliability in reaching diagnostic judgments. a) b) c) d)
Unstructured Computerized Semistructured Structured
Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.6 Identify the three major types of clinical interviews. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q3.8 Wechsler distributed IQ scores so that 50% of the scores of the population would lie within a “broad average” range of . a) b) c) d)
75–125 80–100 90–110 100–119
Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.7 Describe the two major types of psychological tests—intelligence tests and personality tests—and identify examples of each type. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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263
EOC Q3.9 The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery contains a number of subtests, including the following: the Category Test, the Rhythm Test, and the . a) b) c) d)
Recall Performance Test Pictorial Test Bender Visual Test Tactual Performance Test
Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.8 Describe the uses of neuropsychological tests. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Easy EOC Q3.10 The approach to clinical assessment that focuses on the objective recording and description of problem behavior is termed . a) b) c) d)
neuropsychological assessment neurological psychotherapy behavioral assessment observational testing
Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.9 Identify methods of behavioral assessment and describe the role of a functional analysis. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q3.11 Renee is undergoing assessment to help understand her depression. Her clinician has asked her to fill out an Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, which is a form of assessment. a) b) c) d)
behavioral cognitive functional psychosocial
Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.10 Describe the role of cognitive assessment and identify two examples of cognitive measures. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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264
EOC Q3.12 The acronym MRI, a brain-scanning technique in which a patient is placed in a donut-shaped tunnel that creates a strong magnetic field, actually stands for . a) b) c) d)
magnetic radiology inventory magnetic resonance imaging measured response isolation measured reactive imaging
Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.11 Identify methods of physiological measurement. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOC Q3.13 In an examination of potential cultural biases in measurement, researchers found that the was sensitive to detecting problem behaviors and symptoms in American Indian tribal members. a) b) c) d)
MMPI-2 Beck Depression Inventory Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychology Battery Rorschach Inkblot Test
Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.12 Describe the role of sociocultural aspects of psychological assessment. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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265
EOC Q3.14 Marcus is assisting his professor with a behavioral observation of a group of children playing in a schoolyard. He has a coding sheet that he uses to record the children’s interactions with each other. As the observation continues and Marcus gets tired, his coding of the behavior becomes less consistent. This tendency is called _. a) b) c) d)
response bias coder fatigue observer drift reactivity
Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.9 Identify methods of behavioral assessment and describe the role of a functional analysis. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q3.15 Following a bad blow to the head during a basketball game, Jeremiah took the which tested his abstract thinking ability, concentration, attention, and visual memory. a) b) c) d)
Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test Myers-Briggs Neurological Assessment Thematic Apperception Test
Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.8 Describe the uses of neuropsychological tests. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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266
,
EOM Q3.1.1 One significant change in the DSM-5 that has been generally well received is a greater emphasis on assessment across most categories of disorders. a) b) c) d)
dimensional categorical unilateral multiaxial
Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.1 Describe the key features of the DSM system of diagnostic classification. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q3.1.2 The DSM was first introduced in in . a) b) c) d)
and the latest revision, the DSM-5, was published
1945; 2010 1950; 2012 1952; 2013 1962; 2014
Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain why the new edition of the DSM, the DSM-5, is controversial and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the DSM system. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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267
EOM Q3.1.3 To behaviorally oriented psychologists, behavior is best understood through examining the interaction between the person and . Thus, they sometimes critique the DSM for focusing on what people “have” rather than what people “do.” a) b) c) d)
biological factors the environment genetic influences their social status
Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain why the new edition of the DSM, the DSM-5, is controversial and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the DSM system. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q3.1.4 Anita suffers from abnormal behavior patterns that are seen only in the United States and other Western cultures. Her behavior patterns are rare or unknown in less-developed cultures. Anita suffers from a syndrome. a) b) c) d)
culture-bound norm-based spectrum-based geographic-bound
Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.2 Describe the concept of culture-bound syndromes and identify some examples. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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268
EOM Q3.1.5 One of the changes in the DSM-5 is the reclassification of Asperger’s disorder and autistic disorder . a) b) c) d)
as two distinct separate disorders within a general category of stress-related disorders within a general category of autism spectrum disorder as mild neurocognitive disorders
Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.3 Explain why the new edition of the DSM, the DSM-5, is controversial and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the DSM system. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q3.2.1 The type of reliability of an assessment technique called reliability may be determined by whether the different parts of the test yield consistent results. a) b) c) d)
internal external conceptual test–retest
Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.4 Identify methods of assessing reliability of tests and measures. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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269
EOM Q3.2.2 Dr. Mis developed a measurement of creativity with a high degree of test–retest reliability, which means that the test . a) b) c) d)
is nearly impossible to replicate has a high level of agreement in the judgments or ratings given by different observers or raters shows a high level of association between observed behaviors and the degree to which the test was designed to measure those behaviors yields similar results on separate occasions
Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.4 Identify methods of assessing reliability of tests and measures. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q3.2.3 Which type of validity reflects the degree to which test items appear to represent the traits in question? a) b) c) d)
criterion validity content validity construct validity predictive validity
Answer: b Learning Objective: 3.5 Identify methods of assessing validity of tests and measures. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q3.2.4 validity represents the degree to which the results of an assessment technique correlate with an independent, external standard. a) b) c) d)
Criterion Content Construct Predictive
Answer: a Learning Objective: 3.5 Identify methods of assessing validity of tests and measures. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
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270
EOM Q3.2.5 Tashawn was diagnosed as having dissociative identity disorder, but in fact does not have the disorder. This is known as a . a) b) c) d)
failure of content validity false negative failure of construct validity false positive
Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.5 Identify methods of assessing validity of tests and measures. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q3.3.1 is an imaging technique where a small amount of a radioactive compound or tracer is mixed with glucose and injected into the bloodstream. a) b) c) d)
Computed tomography (CT) Electromyography Positron emission tomography (PET) Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.11 Identify methods of physiological measurement. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q3.3.2 The Bender Visual Motor Gestalt test is used to assess a) b) c) d)
.
intellectual functioning personality motor skills possible brain damage
Answer: d Learning Objective: 3.8 Describe the uses of neuropsychological tests. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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271
EOM Q3.3.3 Susan consulted a therapist to help with her panic attacks. The therapist asked her how she experienced the attacks: when, where, etc. The therapist was conducting a(n) interview to look for precipitating cues. a) b) c) d)
reactive performance behavioral analytical
Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.9 Identify methods of behavioral assessment and describe the role of a functional analysis. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q3.3.4 Dr. Roh is a skilled interviewer who is able to put his clients at ease and draw out meaningful communication. Dr. Roh demonstrates the ability to develop with his clients. a) b) c) d)
common ground sympathy rapport empathy
Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.6 Identify the three major types of clinical interviews. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q3.3.5 When psychologists include objective tests in a patient’s assessment, they are using a) b) c) d)
tests or assessment tools that eliminate response biases self-report intelligence inventories that measure intelligence levels self-report personality inventories that measure personality traits a system for sorting patients into treatment plans based on personality types
Answer: c Learning Objective: 3.7 Describe the two major types of psychological tests—intelligence tests and personality tests—and identify examples of each type. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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272
.
Total Assessment Guide Topic Learning Objective Introduction
Learning Objective 4.1
Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 4.2
Learning Objective 4.3
Learning Objective 4.4
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 4.5
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 4.6
Essay Multiple Choice
Factual 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Conceptual
Applied 6
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210 283, 285 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 211, 212, 213 286, 287 60, 61, 62
31
27, 32
282, 284 40, 44
48
214 289 63, 64, 65, 67, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222 95, 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 116, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243 292, 293, 294, 295 133, 134, 135, 137
288 59
66, 70
68, 81, 86
290 94, 96, 97, 99, 101, 115, 118, 122, 128
93, 98, 108, 117
291 136
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273
Topic
Factual 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249
Conceptual
Applied
Essay Multiple Choice
138, 139, 141
140
142, 143, 144
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
145, 149
146, 148
147, 150
151, 165
152, 156, 159, 160, 161, 162, 166, 167, 168
Essay Multiple Choice
153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 163, 164, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279 299 179, 180
296, 297, 298 175, 176, 177
178, 181
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
183, 184, 187
185, 186
182
True-False
Learning Objective 4.7
Learning Objective 4.8
True-False
Learning Objective 4.9
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 4.10
Learning Objective 4.11
True-False Essay
250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262
280, 281 300, 301
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274
4 Stress-Related Disorders Multiple-Choice Questions 1.
A psychologist who is studying the effects of stress on physical health is most likely a a. health psychologist c. positive psychologist b. evolutionary psychologist d. psychiatrist ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
2.
The term a. mourning b. eustress
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refers to a state of physical or mental pain or suffering. c. distress d. stress
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual 5.
Page: 136
Which of the following refers to a pressure or demand that is placed on an organism to adapt? a. Eustress c. Situational stimulus b. Immunological challenge d. stress ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
4.
Page: 136
Psychologists who study the interrelationships between psychological factors and physical well-being are called . a. positive psychologists c. health psychologists b. evolutionary psychologists d. psychoneuroimmunologists ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
3.
.
Page: 136
The term used to describe something that is a source of stress is a. an antigen c. an antagonist b. a stressor d. an initiating event
.
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275
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual 6.
Jody is suffering from severe tension headaches and anxiety due to an extremely overwhelming schedule. The most precise term for Jody’s physical and emotional reaction is . a. eustress c. stress b. distress d. stressors ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Applied
7.
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The field of studies the relationship between stress and the workings of the immune system. a. psychoendocrinology c. psychoneuroimmunology b. neuropsychology d. psychopathology ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
9.
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According to a recent nationwide study by the American Psychological Association, percent of Americans polled reported that their level of stress had increased during the preceding five years (American Psychological Association, 2007a, 2007b, 2010). a. 18 c. 68 b. 50 d. 93 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
8.
Page: 136
Page: 137
Which bodily system that releases hormones plays a key role in the physical reaction to stress? a. Endocrine c. Circulatory b. Excretory d. Musculoskeletal ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
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10. The system is a system of ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. a. immune c. endocrine b. cardiovascular d. respiratory ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1
Page: 138
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276
Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual 11. The endocrine glands release a. acetylcholine b. antibodies ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
directly into the bloodstream. c. antigens d. hormones
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12. During the stress response, the hypothalamus releases a hormone that stimulates the nearby pituitary gland to secrete . a. human growth hormone b. testosterone c. adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) d. cortisol ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual 13. Cortisol and cortisone are . a. leukocytes b. components of hemoglobin ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
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c. d.
androgens corticosteroids
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14. When you are under stress, the releases a hormone that arouses the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotrophic hormone, or ACTH. a. adrenal medulla c. kidney b. hypothalamus d. adrenal gland ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 138
15. Hormones that boost resistance to stress, foster muscle development, induce the liver to release sugar, and help the body defend against allergic reactions and inflammation are . a. cortical steroids c. norepinephrines b. epinephrines d. acetylcholines ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress
Page: 138
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277
Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual 16. Adrenaline is synonymous with a. cortisol b. cortisone ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
. c. d.
ACTH epinephrine
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17. Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is aroused to deal with threat? a. Voluntary c. Parasympathetic b. Sympathetic d. Involuntary ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 138
18. Which statement is most accurate about the relationship of stress and health? a. Prolonged stress can damage multiple bodily systems. b. The immune system is the only bodily system affected by prolonged stress. c. Short-term significant stress is just as damaging as longer term stress. d. Stress can lead to emotional problems and indirectly to health problems but does not directly lead to health problems. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
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19. The system is the body’s system of defense against disease. a. autonomic c. immune b. nervous d. respiratory ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 138
20. The body’s foot soldiers in the fight against disease are known as a. antigens c. leukocytes b. microbes d. red blood cells ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
.
Page: 138
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278
21. Leukocytes are . a. white blood cells b. red blood cells
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
viruses bacteria
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22. Which of the following is a pathogen? a. White blood cells b. Leukocytes ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Worn-out body cells Corticosteroids
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23. Surface fragments on pathogens that cause leukocytes to produce antibodies to destroy them are called . a. antigens c. endocrines b. lymphocytes d. platelets ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 139
24. Leukocytes recognize invading pathogens by their a. sickle shape b. protein transport c. surface fragments d. ability to attach to red blood cells ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual 25. A lymphocyte is a type of a. pathogen b. leukocyte ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual 26. a.
.
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. c. d.
platelet antigen
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are a special type of “reserve” lymphocyte that can remain in the bloodstream for years and form the basis for a quick immune response to an invader the second time around. Reserve lymphocytes c. Memory lymphocytes Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
279
b.
Antigens
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
d.
Antibodies
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27. Barbara has continuous colds during the winter. A psychoneuroimmunologist would contend that Barbara . a. has not been keeping herself warm enough b. has not been absorbing enough Vitamin C and sunshine c. has been too relaxed to activate her stress-combating white blood cells d. may have a weakened immune system due to prolonged stress ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Applied
Page: 137
28. Which of the following statements is true? a. Occasional mild stress actually strengthens the body’s immune system. b. Persistent exposure to stress improves the effectiveness of memory lymphocytes. c. Exposure to stress reduces symptoms associated with the body’s reaction to allergens. d. Even relatively brief periods of stress can weaken the body’s immune system. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
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29. Scientists recently discovered that chronic stress increases levels of physical health problems associated with psychological stress. a. inflammation c. hair growth b. immune system functioning d. positive moods ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual 30. Prolonged stress has been linked to cardiovascular disease. a. inflammation b. ovulation ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
, which may contribute to the
Page: 139
, which may contribute to asthma, arthritis, and c. increased immune system functioning d. leukocyte production
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31. The harmful effects of stress on the immune system may be moderated by
.
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280
a. b.
living alone work that keeps you very busy
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
travel social support
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32. Lance is a dental student who studies hard in his single-person studio apartment. He has not developed any friendships in dental school. He has gotten numerous colds. Which recommendation would most likely help Lance to protect his immune system? a. Develop friendships c. Move to a larger apartment b. Cut down on studying d. Drop out of dental school ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Applied
Page: 139
33. Much of the research in the field of psychoneuroimmunology is a. experimental c. correlational b. based on case studies d. anecdotal ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
.
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34. Recent research suggests that aside from social support, may boost psychological and physical well-being. a. writing about stressful events c. moving to a rural area b. taking regular vacations d. breaking up unhealthy relationships ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
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35. Why is terrorism-related trauma a source of chronic stress? a. Terrorism is most likely never to occur again. b. Terrorism looms as a constant threat to our safety. c. Most people don’t worry about terrorism. d. The likelihood of an act of terrorism to occur again is very small. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
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36. Evidence gathered since the 9/11 attack showed which of the following helped buffer the effects of stress? a. Living near a military base Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
281
b. c. d.
Experiencing positive emotions Spending a great deal of time watching coverage of the events on TV Avoiding others and cutting off social ties
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual 37. Your body has a. thousands b. millions
Page: 140
of white blood cells fighting off microbes. c. billions d. 17
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 138
38. The general adaptation syndrome is based on the work of a. Lawrence Frank c. Oliver Sacks b. Peter Kubiovsky d. Hans Selye ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
.
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39. The body’s three-stage physiological reaction to stress is called the . a. Stockholm syndrome c. general adaptation syndrome b. phi phenomenon d. Korsakoff syndrome ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
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40. Selye figured out that our body responds a. in a similar manner b. in different response patterns c. with varying degrees of intensity d. in consistently different ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Conceptual
to various kinds of unpleasant stressors.
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41. The alarm reaction mobilizes the body for a. defense b. illness
c. d.
. threat invasion
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282
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 141
42. The alarm reaction is initiated by the brain and the . a. central nervous system c. voluntary nervous system b. parasympathetic nervous system d. sympathetic nervous system ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
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43. The “fight-or-flight” response pattern was first described by a. Clifford Beers c. Wilhelm Wundt b. William James d. Walter Cannon ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
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44. The “fight-or-flight” reaction characterizes the a. alarm reaction c. b. anxiety d. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Conceptual 45. During the alarm reaction stage, the a. thalamus b. parietal lobe ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
.
stage of the general adaptation syndrome. resistance exhaustion
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pump(s) out stress hormones. c. adrenal glands d. circulatory system
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46. Which of the following changes in the body occurs during the alarm reaction stage of Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome? a. Corticosteroids are released c. Heart rate decreases b. Muscles relax d. Respiration decreases ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 141
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283
47. During the alarm reaction stage of Selye’s GAS, which of the following changes in the body occurs? a. Bone cells begin to rapidly multiply c. Heart rate increases b. Muscles begin to atrophy d. Respiration decreases ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
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48. Julia is walking through the forest when she encounters a bear. Her body enters the alarm reaction stage of Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). Which of the following is most likely occurring in her body? a. Blood circulation is slowing c. Heart rate is decreasing b. Muscles are tensing d. Digestion is increasing ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Applied
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49. During the alarm reaction stage of Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome, a. digestion is inhibited c. heart contractions stop b. muscles tend to relax d. respiration tends to decrease ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
.
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50. Thomas has just gotten into a fight with a bully and sustained a cut over his eye. This just happened and he is in the alarm reaction stage of Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome. Which of the following changes in the body that occurs during this stage is most likely to help him with specific regard to the cut over his eye? a. Muscles relax c. Blood pressure drops b. Blood-clotting ability is increased d. Respiration decreases ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
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51. Which of the following is the adaptation stage of the general adaptation syndrome? a. Alarm reaction c. Resistance b. Anxiety d. Exhaustion ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 141
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284
52. The proper sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome are a. alarm reaction, exhaustion, resistance b. resistance, alarm reaction, exhaustion c. alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion d. resistance, exhaustion, alarm reaction ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
.
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53. Which of the following does the American Psychological Association suggest for coping with traumatic experiences? a. Try to adjust as soon as possible. b. Communicate your experience. c. Make major life decisions during this time. d. Avoid exercise and your regular routines. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 142
54. In the GAS, the body tries to renew spent energy and repair damage during the a. alarm reaction c. resistance b. arousal d. exhaustion ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual 55. a. b.
stage.
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The nervous system dominates the exhaustion stage. parasympathetic c. peripheral sympathetic d. voluntary
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 141
56. If a source of stress is unrelenting and enduring, Selye believed that we would develop a. a nervous breakdown c. burnout and meltdown b. chronic resistance d. diseases of adaptation ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 141
57. The immune system is weakened by continuous secretion of
.
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285
.
a. b.
saliva serotonin
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
c. d.
gastric juices cortical steroids
Page: 141
58. As cited within your text, the American Psychological Association has at least coping with traumatic experiences. a. one b. two c. four d. eight ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual 59. a. b. c. d.
suggestion(s) for
Page: 142
Life changes are sources of stress . only when they are negative changes only when they are unexpected or involve some sort of loss because they force us to adjust because they are emotionally upsetting
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.3 Skill: Conceptual
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60. Research shows that people who experience greater numbers of life changes are likely to suffer from psychological problems and likely to suffer from physical health problems. a. less, less c. more, less b. less, more d. more, more ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.3 Skill: Factual 61. a. b.
life changes can be stressful. Neither positive nor negative Only positive
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 143
c. d.
Only negative Both positive and negative
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62. Getting married is a stressful life change that is
.
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286
a. b.
neither positive nor negative only positive
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.3 Skill: Factual
c. d.
only negative dependent upon the persons getting married
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63. The process of adaptation by which immigrants, native groups, and ethnic minorities adjust to the new culture through making behavioral and attitudinal changes is called . a. assimilation c. acculturation b. immersement d. appeasement ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
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64. Pressure that results from the demands placed on immigrant, native, and ethnic minority groups to adjust to life in the mainstream culture is called . a. acculturative adaptation b. bicultural adaptation c. acculturative stress d. bicultural stress ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
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65. Which of the following is a one of the general theories about the relationship between acculturation and psychological adjustment presented in your text? a. Melting-pot theory b. Adaptation theory c. Immigrant adjustment theory d. Assimilation theory ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
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66. According to research (Caetano, 1987) highly acculturated Hispanic American women are more likely than relatively unacculturated Hispanic American women to . a. remain single b. avoid drinking and smoking c. become heavy drinkers d. be victims of domestic violence ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress
Page: 145
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287
Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Conceptual 67. a. b. c. d.
The melting-pot theory holds that . immigrants can never truly acculturate immigrants themselves can never truly acculturate but their children can acculturation should be resisted until the third generation after immigration acculturation helps people adjust to the host culture
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
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68. According to the melting pot theory, Hispanic Americans’ adjustment would improve by _ a. learning English b. saving money for their children’s education c. moving where there are many other Hispanic Americans d. maintaining close contact with relatives and friends in their native countries ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Applied
.
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69. The theory that psychosocial adjustment for immigrants is aided by identification with both the traditional and host cultures is called the theory. a. melting pot c. bicultural b. multicultural d. immersion ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
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70. According to the bicultural theory, immigrants will adjust better if they . a. replace their ethnic identity and traditional values with those of the new culture b. learn the new culture’s language but otherwise resist assimilation c. maintain their original culture while adapting to the new culture d. maintain their original language but otherwise adapt to the new culture ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Conceptual
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71. Highly acculturated adolescent Hispanic women have been found to be more likely to . a. resist speaking Spanish c. cook only American foods b. develop eating disorders d. show an increased involvement in sexual intercourse ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
Page: 145
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288
Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual 72. In Latin American cultures, compared to women, men tend to drink Latin Americans. a. much less c. slightly more b. slightly less d. much more ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
alcohol compared to female
Page: 145
73. Which of the following is true of Charles Negy’s research of Latinos in the United States? a. Latinos greatly varied in their degree of acculturation to the U.S. culture. b. The longer Latinos lived in the U.S, the less acculturated they tended to be. c. Scores of more acculturated Mexican-Americans were very different to non-Hispanic whites on standardized personality tests. d. Mexican couples reported less verbal and/or physical aggression in their relationships than did Mexican-American couples. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
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74. In Latino adolescents, higher levels of acculturation are also linked to increased risk of a. gambling c. smoking b. social anxiety d. depression ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
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75. In Latino adolescents, higher levels of acculturation are also linked to increased risk of a. gambling c. eating disorders b. social anxiety d. depression ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
.
.
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76. According to research presented in the text, for Latina teens, acculturation makes them more vulnerable to accepting and striving towards the demands of contemporary American . a. cultural trend of casual sexual relationships b. view that women should be assertive c. ideal of the slender woman d. model of women as career-oriented
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ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3):3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 145
77. Compared to less acculturated Hispanic American high school girls, more acculturated girls were more likely to . a. show indications of having an eating disorder c. give up their religion b. attend college d. use drugs ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
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78. Increased bicultural adaptation among Mexican American elders a. created conflicts between spouses b. accelerated decisions to retire c. decreased likelihood of depression d. resulted in rejection by relatives still in Mexico ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
.
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79. In a study of Mexican American elders, it was found that those who had the highest levels of depression were . a. moderately acculturated c. highly acculturated b. minimally acculturated d. bicultural ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
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80. Low levels of acculturation among Mexican American immigrants are a. not related to c. related to fluctuating b. related to high d. related to low ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
socioeconomic status.
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81. Maria is a highly acculturated third-generation Mexican American teenager. Which behavior is most likely to be adopted by Maria? a. Avoiding sexual intercourse c. Being concerned about fitness b. Improved subjective body image d. Disturbed eating behaviors ANSWER: D Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
290
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Applied
Page: 145
82. It has been reported in a study that Mexican Americans who were more proficient in English generally had than did their less English-proficient counterparts. a. more marital discord b. fewer signs of depression and anxiety c. stronger relationships with their country of origin d. more signs of psychological distress ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
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83. In a northern California sample, research found better mental health among Mexican immigrants than among . a. Korean immigrants b. Mexican Americans born in the United States c. homosexuals d. African Americans ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
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84. It appears that “Americanization” of Mexican American immigrants may have a health and retention of cultural traditions may have a effect. a. damaging; damaging c. buffering; damaging b. damaging; buffering d. buffering; buffering ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
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85. Ethnic minority children with a high ethic identity are more likely to experience a. higher self-esteem b. more conflicts with Anglo Americans c. academic problem d. loneliness ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
effect on mental
.
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86. Kim is an Asian immigrant living in San Francisco. She is most likely to experience emotional problems if . Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
291
a. b. c. d.
her parents are rich her parents push her too hard academically she is alienated from both of her cultures she is an only child
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Applied
Page: 146
87. Wives in a. b.
acculturated Mexican American couples report greater marital distress than those in acculturated couples. wealthier; poorer c. less; more first generation; third generation d. more; less
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 146
88. In a 1990 study by Salgado de Snyder, Cervantes, & Padilla, female immigrants exhibited higher levels of than male immigrants. a. socialization c. depression b. tranquilizer addiction d. English usage ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 146
89. More acculturated Mexican-American college students tend to come from backgrounds. a. lower c. mixed b. moderate d. higher ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
socioeconomic
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90. The Mexican-American college students who are most likely to experience suicidal thinking have levels of depression and levels of acculturation. a. low; low c. low; high b. high; low d. high; high ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 147
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292
91. When compared to Mexican couples, Mexican-American couples had levels of marital satisfaction. a. less; lower c. more; lower b. less; higher d. more; higher ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
egalitarian relationships and
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92. More highly acculturated women reported satisfaction with the sexual component of their relationships than did less acculturated women. a. greater c. no b. about the same d. less ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 147
93. Ann recognizes her stressors, evaluates them and modifies her reactions to render them less harmful. She is applying coping. a. sensate-focused c. problem-focused b. emotion-focused d. intuitive ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Applied 94. In emotion-focused coping, people take a. provocative b. immediate ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 148
c. d.
measures to reduce the impact of the stressor. self-enhancing enduring
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95. A coping style that attempts to minimize emotional responsiveness rather than deal directly with a stressor is known as coping. a. rational c. sensate-focused b. problem-focused d. emotion-focused ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
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96. A coping style that attempts to confront the stressor directly is a. rational c. sensate-focused
coping.
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b.
problem-focused
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Conceptual
d.
emotion-focused
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97. Which of the following is not an example of denying that an illness is present? a. Recognizing the seriousness of the illness b. Minimizing the emotional distress the illness causes c. Misattributing symptoms to other causes d. Ignoring threatening information about the illness ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 148
98. An example of emotion-focused coping is a. obsessing b. intellectualizing ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Applied
c. d.
. rationalizing denial
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99. Avoidance and denial are forms of . a. effective stress coping b. emotion-focused coping c. problem-focused coping d. common coping strategies that recent immigrants from Mexico employ ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Conceptual
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100. In one study, people with cancer showed greater disease progression if they maintained coping. a. a problem-focused c. an aggressive b. an intuitive d. an avoidant ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
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101. Wish-fulfillment fantasy is . a. an effective means of coping with an illness b. a strategy that needs to result in real wish-fulfillment Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
294
style of
c. d.
an example of emotion-focused coping provides alternative plans for dealing with a stressor
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Conceptual
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102. Informed cardiac patients with a repressive style showed incidence of medical complications than uninformed patients. a. a lower c. an unpredictable b. a similar d. a higher ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 148
103. Cardiac patients with a(n) style who were informed about their conditions showed a higher incidence of medical complications than their uninformed counterparts with the same style. a. repressive c. vigilant b. obsessive d. sensitized ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
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104. Cardiac patients with a repressive style who were informed about their conditions showed a higher incidence of than uniformed patients with a repressive style. a. spontaneous recovery c. anger b. medical complications d. crying ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 148
105. Seeking information about an illness through research is an example of . a. a repressive style c. self-defeating obsessiveness b. wish-fulfillment fantasy d. problem-focused coping ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 148
106. Beliefs in one’s ability to accomplish certain tasks are known as . a. psychological hardiness c. psychological perseveration b. self-efficacy expectancies d. self-enhancement heuristics
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295
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 149
107. In his study with spider-phobic women, Bandura found that stress declines with our a. knowledge about the stressful situation b. ability to escape the situation quickly c. confidence that we will be able to cope effectively d. recognition that we are not alone in dealing with the situation ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
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108. Max is afraid of dogs. According to Bandura, therapy should help Max to a. develop confidence that he can cope with the presence of dogs b. learn to devise strategies to avoid dogs c. focus on developing a close relationship with another kind of animal d. dream about positive interaction with dogs ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Applied
.
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109. The effects of self-efficacy expectancies on buffering stress were first investigated by a. Albert Ellis c. Hans Selye b. Suzanne Kobasa d. Albert Bandura ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
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110. Epinephrine and norepinephrine make us feel a. generally nervous c. b. relaxed d. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
.
. angry generally confident
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111. Lower secretion of stress hormones is associated with . a. emotion-focused coping b. high self-efficacy expectancies c. an avoidant or repressive style of coping d. ability to effectively utilize the general adaptation syndrome
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296
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 149
112. Psychological hardiness in business executives was investigated by a. Mary Ainsworth c. Eloise Ferrer b. Janet Rafferty d. Suzanne Kobasa ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
.
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113. The trait that Kobasa has conceptualized as helping people cope with stress is a. self-esteem c. hardiness b. spirituality d. confidence ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
.
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114. The effects of stress can be moderated or buffered by which of the following? a. Skepticism c. Self-efficacy expectation b. Work d. Relocation to a new community ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
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115.A cluster of stress-buffering traits characterized by commitment, challenge, and control are known as . a. psychological hardiness c. self-efficacy expectancies b. psychological perseveration d. self-enhancement heuristics ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 149
116. Which of the following is a trait associated with psychologically hardy executives?
a. b.
adaptability concreteness
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
c. d.
commitment detachment
Page: 149
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297
117. Scott recently learned that he has a form of treatable cancer. Traits that will help Scott to cope more
a. b.
effectively with his illness and its treatment are . hardiness and optimism c. avoidance and denial motivation and intelligence d. assertiveness and ambitiousness
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Applied
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118. Which trait is characteristic of psychological hardy people?
a. Reliance on wish-fulfillment fantasies. b. A preference for active problem-solving approaches. c. The perception that they have no control over the stressors they face in life. d. A tendency to deny the existence of problems. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Conceptual 119. Psychologically hardy people report
a. b.
than non-hardy people. fewer; more greater; less
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 149
physical symptoms and c. d.
depression in the face of stress
fewer; less greater; more
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120. Locus of control is a construct that was suggested by
a. b.
Gardner Murphy Julian Rotter
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
c. d.
. Gordon Allport Hans Eysenck
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121.A limitation of research linking optimism and better health outcome is that it a. has not been conducted on children and adolescents b. has only involved hospitalized patients c. has been correlational d. has focused almost exclusively on females ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
.
Page: 149
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298
122. The study of optimism falls within a broader contemporary movement in psychology known as
a. b.
psychology. positive wish fulfillment
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Conceptual
health evolutionary
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123. Researchers found that a broad network of social contacts strengthens resistance to
a. propaganda b. distraction
c. d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
.
colds flirting
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124. Recent studies (Hernandez et al., 2015; Jaffe, 2013) suggest a relationship between greater optimism
a. b. c. d.
and . lower rates of heart disease and greater longevity a lower divorce rate fewer eating disorders such as obesity and bulimia athleticism
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual 125. The Optimism Scale measures
a. b.
stress levels sexual preference
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 150
. c. d.
career interests and goals whether someone tends to look on the bright side
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126. The particular stressors that African Americans often face, such as racism, poverty, violence, and
a. b. c. d.
overcrowded living conditions, may contribute to higher rates of anorexia nervosa higher rates of emotion-focused coping heightened risks of serious health-related problems higher rates of bipolar illness
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5
.
Page: 151
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299
Skill: Factual 127. Compared to Whites, African Americans have a
a. b.
risk of developing chronic and serious healthdegree of resiliency in coping with stress. c. higher, low d. higher, high
related problems but also have a lower, low higher, low
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 151
128. Strong social and family networks, coping skills, ethnic identity and self-efficacy are particular factors that
help buffer stress among a. Euro-Americans b. Asian Americans ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Conceptual
. c. Hispanic Americans d. African Americans
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129. Stresses imposed by racism or perceived discrimination may be moderated by
a. b. c. d.
.
intermarriage moving to a more tolerant community ethnic pride ethnic alienation
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
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130. Evidence links
a. b. c. d.
among ethnic minorities to poorer mental and physical health and to higher rates of substance abuse. perceived discrimination pride in one’s ethnicity preference in music presence of a specific gene
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
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131. Calvin, an African American, has a strong sense of ethnic identity. According to past research, Calvin will
a. b.
most likely have . fewer social networks an external locus of control
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
c. d.
a negative self-image perceptions of a better quality of life
Page: 151
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300
Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual 132. African Americans and other ethnic minorities who
a. b. c. d.
may be more vulnerable to the effects of stress, which in turn may increase risks of physical and mental health problems. become alienated from their ethnic identity are more resilient are more effective in coping have stronger ties to their culture
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 151
133. Adjustment disorders are classified in the DSM-5 within a category of
a. b. c. d.
.
Schizophrenic Disorders Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders Anxiety Disorders Childhood Disorders
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Learning Objective: 4.6 Skill: Factual
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134. According to the APA, what percentage of people seeking outpatient mental health services present with a
a. b. c. d.
diagnosis of adjustment disorder? 80% to 90% 50% to 70% 30% to 50% 5% to 20%
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Learning Objective: 4.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 152
135. According to DSM-5, a maladaptive reaction to an identified stressor, characterized by impaired
a. b.
functioning or emotional distress that exceeds what would normally be expected is a (n) distress disorder c. stress disorder adjustment disorder d. anxiety disorder
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Learning Objective: 4.6 Skill: Factual
.
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136. Jean is so sad she is unable to go to work because her husband Bert left her for another woman a week ago.
Prior to Bert’s leaving Jean only missed work if she was physically ill. A likely diagnosis for Jean is a(n) . Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
301
a. b.
adjustment disorder marital dissolution disorder
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Learning Objective: 4.6 Skill: Applied
c. d.
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137. Adjustment disorders are among the
a. b.
types of disorders. c. most severe d. mildest
rarest most distressing
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Learning Objective: 4.6 Skill: Factual
major depressive disorder bereavement disorder
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138. In the DSM-5, acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder are classified in which of the
a. b. c. d.
following categories? Schizophrenic Disorders Substance Abuse Disorders Trauma-and Stressor-Related Disorders, Childhood Disorders
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Learning Objective: 4.7 Skill: Factual
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139. If an adjustment disorder lasts for more than six months after the stressor (or its consequences) has been
a. b. c. d.
removed, the diagnosis may . suggest that the client did not present an accurate history be changed be associated with an underlying physical malady motivate the clinician to change his treatment methods to a more suitable course
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Learning Objective: 4.7 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Skill: Factual
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140. In order for an adjustment disorder to be diagnosed, a person’s emotional reaction must _
a. b.
include significant levels of anxiety not involve any loss of relationships
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Learning Objective: 4.7 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
. exceed what would be expected with normal coping equal the expected response for coping normally
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141. Which of the following is a specific type of adjustment disorder found in the DSM-5? Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
302
a. b. c. d.
Adjustment disorder with agitation Adjustment disorder with psychomotor disturbance Adjustment disorder with anhedonia Adjustment disorder with disturbance of conduct
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Learning Objective: 4.7 Skill: Factual
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142. Danny, a first semester college freshman referred to the college counseling center. He has recently begun
a. b. c. d.
spray painting obscenities on the student center bathroom walls. Several weeks ago, Danny’s longtime girlfriend, who attends college in a neighboring state, broke up with him. Danny does not present in the interview with emotional distress. He has no history of psychological problems and, until his recent vandalism activities, was considered a peaceful and law-abiding member of the college community. Based on the aforementioned history, which of the following diagnoses would a therapist would most likely diagnose Danny with? Adjustment disorder with disturbance of conduct Adjustment disorder with anxiety Adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and depressed mood Adjustment disorder with mixed disturbance of emotion and conduct
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Learning Objective: 4.7 Skill: Applied
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143. Abigail’s 18-year-old son has left home for the first time and now serving in the Army. Since her son’s
a. b. c. d.
departure, Abigail has been experiencing uncontrolled crying episodes and loneliness. Based on this information, a clinician might diagnose Abigail with a (n) Acute Stress Disorder Adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and depressed mood Adjustment disorder with depressed mood Adjustment disorder with disturbance of conduct
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Learning Objective: 4.7 Skill: Applied
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144. Randy’s father recently died in an automobile accident. Since his father’s death, Randy has appeared
a. b. c. d.
emotionally unchanged but is now frequently truant from school, engages in reckless driving, and fights with other teens. A suitable diagnosis for Randy might be a (n) . adjustment disorder with mixed disturbance of emotion and conduct adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and depressed mood adjustment disorder with disturbance of conduct adjustment disorder unspecified
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Learning Objective: 4.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 152
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303
145.A maladaptive pattern of behavior for a period of three days to one month following exposure to a traumatic event is called a (n) disorder. a. acute stress c. adjustment b. posttraumatic stress d. personality ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Factual
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146. Individuals suffering from Acute Stress Disorder may feel _
.
a. as though they are experiencing a heart attack b. angry and betrayed by the world c. “in a daze” or feel that the world seems like a dreamlike or unreal place. d. unaware of their internal emotions ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Conceptual
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147. Paul witnessed a murder while walking through the subway three weeks ago. Three days after witnessing
the murder, Paul began experiencing intense anxiety and reliving what he saw at night in his dreams. Paul would most like be diagnosed with . a. an anxiety disorder b. an acute stress disorder c. an adjustment disorder with anxiety d. dissociative identity disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Applied
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148. In what way is Acute Stress Disorder different from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
a. Acute Stress Disorder is a reaction to a less intense trauma than those experienced by someone with PTSD. b. The symptoms of Acute Stress Disorder are limited to one month. c. Individuals with Acute Stress Disorder report more frequent flashbacks than an individual with PTSD would. d. Individuals with PTSD never recover from their trauma; those with Acute Stress Disorder do recover. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Conceptual
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149. First responders who are responsible for collecting human remains or police officers who regularly
a.
interview children about the details of child abuse in their work. often develop dissociative identity disorder
as a result of exposure to trauma
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304
b. c. d.
rarely develop acute stress disorder may develop acute stress disorder may develop a personality disorder
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Factual
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150. Heather’s boyfriend Matt served combat duty in Iraq. After returning to the US last month and reuniting
with Heather, Matt shared the details of the battles he was involved with and the trauma he experienced while serving. Heather has begun to experience intense periods of anxiety and feels as if she is “in a daze”. It is possible Heather has developed as a result of listening to Matt’s experiences. a. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder b. an Acute Stress Disorder c. an Adjustment disorder with anxiety d. an Adjustment disorder unspecified ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Applied
Page: 153
151. For an individual with Acute Stress Disorder, stronger or more persistent symptoms of dissociation around
the time of the trauma is associated with a greater likelihood of later development of a. major depression b. panic disorder c. PTSD d. Dissociative Identity Disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Conceptual
.
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152. Last year, Hannah witnessed an accident where a pedestrian was struck and killed by an automobile.
Since the accident, Hannah has experienced anxiety and actively avoids the street where she witnessed the accident. A clinician might diagnose Hannah as having_ . a. an adjustment disorder with anxiety b. PTSD c. reactive stress disorder d. acute stress disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Applied
Page: 154
153. Acute stress disorder has features similar to those of PTSD, but are limited to a period of
following direct exposure to the trauma, witnessing other people exposed to the trauma, or learning about a trauma experienced by a close family member or friend. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
305
a. b.
1 week one year
c. d.
one month one decade
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual
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154. The lifetime prevalence rate of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the population is_
a. b.
9% 90%
c.
.
50% d. unknown
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 153
155.A prolonged maladaptive reaction to an extreme stressor, such as combat or a natural disaster, is disorder. a. acute stress c. an adjustment b. posttraumatic stress d. a chronic stress ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 154
156. Of the following situations, which is the most likely to result in PTSD?
a. b. c. d.
Divorce Death of a family member due to natural causes Being in an airplane crash Being involved in a “fender bender” accident
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Applied
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157. About
a. b.
of people suffer a traumatic experience at some point in their lives. one-fourth c. one-half one-third d. two-thirds
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual
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158. The prevalence of PTSD among U.S. soldiers who served in the Vietnam War is about one in
a. b.
two three
c. d.
four five
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.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 155
159. If someone is having intrusive memories, recurrent disturbing dreams, or momentary flashbacks of a
a. b. c. d.
traumatic event such as being pursued by an attacker, the individual is most likely experiencing which of the following common features of traumatic stress disorders? Re-experiencing the trauma Emotional distress and impaired functioning Heightened arousal Emotional numbing
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Applied
Page: 154
160. After witnessing a terrible car accident, John is experiencing so much emotional distress that he is having
a. b. c. d.
difficulty taking care of his responsibilities at work. He is most likely experiencing which of the following common features of traumatic stress disorders? Avoidance behavior Emotional distress and impaired functioning Heightened arousal Emotional numbing
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Applied
Page: 154
161. Hector is hypervigilant, is having difficulty sleeping and concentrating, easily becomes irritable and has
a. b. c. d.
outbursts of anger. He is most likely experiencing which of the following common features of traumatic stress disorders? Avoidance behavior Re-experiencing the trauma Emotional distress and impaired functioning Heightened arousal
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Applied
Page: 154
162. Sheila just witnessed someone being brutally attacked. Now she seems to jump at any sudden noise. She is
a. b. c. d.
most likely experiencing which of the following common features of traumatic stress disorders? Avoidance behavior Re-experiencing the trauma Emotional distress and impaired functioning Heightened arousal
ANSWER: D Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
307
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Applied
Page: 154
163. In PTSD, the loss of the ability to have loving feelings is which of the following common features of
a. b. c. d.
traumatic stress disorders? Avoidance behavior Emotional distress and impaired functioning Heightened arousal Emotional numbing
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 154
164. The feeling of detachment from oneself or one's environment is known as
a. b.
dissociation a hallucination
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual
.
a delusion a personality disorder
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165. The major difference between the features of an acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is
a. b.
the emphasis on abreaction hallucinations
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
length of persistence of the symptoms compulsions
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166. Joe is a combat veteran who returned from active duty in Iraq one year ago. He is extremely anxious and
a. b.
feels like he is in a "daze." Joe is also disorganized and unable to arrange for the medical help he needs. It appears that Joe is suffering from a(n) disorder. acute stress c. adjustment posttraumatic stress d. personality
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Applied
Page: 154
167. Ron is an Iraq War veteran. He wakes up in the middle of the night in a cold sweat due to nightmares in
which he relives his most frightening war experiences. He refuses to talk about the war with anyone and is constantly fidgety and "on edge." He is unable to enjoy himself or develop intimate relationships. His symptoms have continued for over three years. He is best diagnosed as suffering from a(n) disorder. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
308
a. b.
personality adjustment
c. d.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Applied
acute stress posttraumatic stress
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168. Rhonda had undergone chemotherapy for a serious case of breast cancer. Even six months after this
a. b.
successful treatment, she finds that she is on edge, has nightmares about death, and no longer enjoys sex with her husband. She is probably experiencing disorder. sleep terror c. posttraumatic stress dysthymia d. adjustment disorder
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Applied 169. Women are
a. b.
half equally
as likely as men to develop posttraumatic stress disorder. c. twice d. four times
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 170. Compared to women, men are
a. b.
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develop PTSD. less, less less, more
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 156
likely to have a traumatic experience and are c. d.
likely to
more, less more, more
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171. Investigators reported the
a. b.
was smaller in a group of combat veterans with PTSD than in combat veterans without PTSD (Moreyet al., 2012). cerebellum c. amygdala DNA d. corpus callosum
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 156
172. Morey et al. (2012) reported the amygdala was
a.
in a group of combat veterans with PTSD
compared to combat veterans without PTSD. smaller c. fluid-filled Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
309
b.
not functioning
d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual
larger
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173. Research has shown people who experience
a. b. c. d.
during or immediately after the trauma stand a greater risk of developing PTSD than do other trauma survivors. dissociative experiences positive emotions extreme physical pain significant temperature drop
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 174. Experts have asserted that
a. b.
natural disasters acts of terrorism
Page: 157
represent the type of trauma most often leading to PTSD. c. plane crashes d. vehicular accidents
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 156
175. In the classical conditioning model of posttraumatic stress disorder, the traumatic event serves as the
a. b.
. unconditioned stimulus unconditioned response
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.10 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
conditioned stimulus conditioned response
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176. In the classical conditioning model of posttraumatic stress disorder, sights, smells, and sounds associated
a. b.
with the original traumatic event serve as unconditioned stimuli c. unconditioned responses d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.10 Skill: Conceptual
. conditioned stimuli conditioned responses
Page: 157
177. From the learning perspective, the fear component of posttraumatic stress disorder is learned through
a.
. classical conditioning
c.
operant conditioning
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310
b.
vicarious learning
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.10 Skill: Conceptual
d.
prepared conditioning
Page: 157
178. In the classical conditioning model of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety that is elicited by exposure to
a. b.
trauma-related stimuli serves as unconditioned stimuli an adaptive response
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.10 Skill: Applied
. c. d.
conditioned stimuli a conditioned response
Page: 157
179. Which of the following medications has recently been shown to reduce acquired fear reactions?
a. b.
Seroquel Propranolol
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.10 Skill: Factual
c. d.
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180. Propranolol blocks adrenaline receptors in the
a. b.
thalamus hypothalamus
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.10 Skill: Factual
Ritalin Prozac
c. d.
, which may weaken memories of fearful stimuli. pons amygdala
Page: 158
181. As it pertains to the common features of traumatic stress disorders, the example of a rape survivor avoiding
a. b. c. d.
traveling to the part of town where she was attacked is an example of Avoidance behavior Re-experiencing the trauma Emotional distress and impaired functioning Heightened arousal
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.10 Skill: Applied
.
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182. An exposure-based homework assignment for a patient with combat-based PTSD could be
a. b.
volunteering as a little league coach watching a war movie
c. d.
supervising a Boy Scout troop driving alone for two hours
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311
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.11 Skill: Applied 183. EMDR is a technique to treat
a. b.
PTSD phobia
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.11 Skill: Factual
Page: 159
. c. d.
generalized anxiety disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder
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184. The controversy related to EMDR is
a. b. c. d.
. whether it works whether the eye movements are necessary the use of a blindfold that may cause anxiety in some PTSD victims the ethical propriety of touching the patient as part of treatment
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.11 Skill: Factual
Page: 160
185. According to Taylor et al. (2003), the real reason EMDR works is because of
a. b.
rapid eye movements aversive conditioning
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.11 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
.
repeated exposure response cost
Page: 160
186. If we invoke the principle of parsimony, then the most likely explanation for the success of EMDR is
a. b.
. rapid eye movements aversive conditioning
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.11 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
repeated exposure response cost
Page: 160
187. The idea that the simplest explanation is usually the best explanation is known as
a. b.
the Peter Principle Weber’s Law
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders
c. d.
the Law of Effect the Principle of Parsimony
Page: 160
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.
Learning Objective: 4.11 Skill: Factual
True-False Questions 188. Psychologists who study interrelationships between psychological factors, including stress, and physical
health are called health psychologists. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 136
189. Psychologists who study interrelationships between psychological factors, including stress, and physical
health are called positive psychologists. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 136
190. The term distress refers to a state of physical or mental pain or suffering.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
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191. The term stress refers to a state of physical or mental pain or suffering.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 136
192. The field of psychoneuroimmunology studies relationships between psychological
factors, especially stress, and the workings of the immune system ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 137
193. The endocrine system consists of ducts distributed throughout the body.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 138
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313
194. Endocrine glands pour their secretions—called hormones—directly into the bloodstream.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 138
195. Endocrine glands pour their secretions—called hormones—directly into the brain.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 138
196. Norepinephrine is also produced in the amygdala, where it functions as a neurotransmitter.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 138
197. Leukocytes stimulate the adrenal medulla to release hormones.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 139
198. Leukocytes recognize invading pathogens by their surface fragments, called antigens.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 139
199. Some leukocytes produce antigens which are specialized proteins.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 139
200. Social support networks can act as a buffer against cold symptoms.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 139
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314
201. There is a negative correlation between social support networks and general health.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 139
202. Through a conditioning process, stress improves the body’s resistance to the common cold.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 139
203. Writing about traumatic experiences may be good for physical and emotional health.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 140
204. Writing about traumatic experiences increases the probability a person will go through more stressful
situations. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 140
205. Correlational research helps scientists demonstrate causal connections.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 139
206. Although most people exposed to traumatic events do not develop PTSD, many do experience symptoms
associated with the disorder, such as difficulties concentrating and high levels of arousal. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 140
207. People have basically similar reactions to traumatic stress.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress
Page: 140
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315
Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual 208. People’s reactions to trauma differ from one individual to the next.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 140
209. In more than 80% of households in New York City, parents reported that their children were upset by the
attacks of 9/11. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 140
210. Evidence gathered since 9/11 shows that experiencing positive emotions, such as feelings of gratitude and
love, helped buffer the effects of stress. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 140
211. The GAS model suggests that our bodies, under stress, are like clocks with alarm systems that do not shut
off until their energy is perilously depleted. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 140
212. During the alarm reaction, the adrenal glands, controlled by the pituitary gland in the brain, pump out
cortical steroids. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 140
213. When a stressor is persistent, we progress to the second stage, also known as the exhaustion stage, of the
GAS. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 141
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316
214. Life changes are sources of stress because they force us to adjust.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 143
215. Bicultural theory holds that acculturation helps people adjust to living in the host culture.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 144
216. Evidence shows that highly acculturated Hispanic-American women are less likely than relatively
unacculturated Hispanic-American women to become heavy drinkers. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 145
217.A study of elderly Mexican Americans found that subjects who were minimally acculturated showed higher levels of depression than either their highly acculturated or their bicultural counterparts. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 145
218. People who are minimally acculturated often face less economic hardship and tend to occupy the higher
strata of socioeconomic status. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 146
219. People who are fully acculturated often face less economic hardship and tend to occupy the higher strata of
socioeconomic status. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 146
220. Highly acculturated Hispanic couples have less conflicted, more egalitarian, and more satisfying marriages.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
Page: 147
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317
Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual 221. The more acculturated Mexican American college students are, the more similar their scores are to those of
non-Hispanic Whites on standardized personality tests. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 147
222. Among lower-income Mexican American adolescents who showed signs of depression, the more
acculturated they are, the more likely they are to have experienced thoughts of committing suicide. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 147
223. Denial is an example of emotion-focused coping.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
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224. In problem-focused coping, people examine the stressors they face and do what they can to change them or
modify their own reactions to render stressors less harmful. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 149
225. Avoidance is a form of emotion-based coping.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 148
226. As a form of coping, the use of wish-fulfillment fantasies, has been linked to poor adjustment in coping
with serious illness. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 148
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227. Wishful thinking is a form of emotion-based coping.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 148
228.A mismatch between the individual’s style of coping and the amount of information provided about his condition may impede recovery. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 148
229. Self-efficacy expectancies refer to our expectations that we will not succeed in coping with the challenges
we face. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 149
230. Most of the initial scientific research on self-efficacy was performed by B.F. Skinner.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
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231. Albert Bandura and colleagues found spider-phobic women showed high levels of GABA and serotonin.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 149
232. Albert Bandura and colleagues found spider-phobic women showed high levels of stress hormones.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 149
233. Three key traits identified by Kobasa that distinguished the psychologically hardy executives from other
executives were concern, contentment, and commitment. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress
Page: 149
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Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual 234. Kobasa distinguished the psychologically hardy from the un-hardy by using 10 key personality traits.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 149
235. Psychologically hardy people appear to cope more effectively with stress by using more emotion-focused
problem-solving approaches. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 149
236. Research links greater optimism to lower rates of heart disease and greater longevity.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 150
237. The developers of positive psychology believe that psychology should focus more of its efforts on the
positive aspects of the human experience. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 150
238. Positive psychology focuses on topics such as love and hope.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 150
239. Evidence links perceived discrimination among ethnic minorities to poorer mental and physical health and
to higher rates of substance abuse ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 151
240. African Americans often demonstrate a low level of resiliency in coping with stress.
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ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 151
241. Acquiring and maintaining pride in their racial identity and cultural heritage may help African Americans
and other ethnic minorities withstand stresses imposed by racism. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 151
242. African Americans and other ethnic minorities who become alienated from their culture or ethnic identity
may be more vulnerable to the effects of stress. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 151
243. Ethnic identity is associated with perceptions of a better quality of life among African Americans
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 151
244. An adjustment disorder is a maladaptive reaction to a distressing life event or stressor that develops within
3 years of the onset of the stressor. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 151 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Learning Objective: 4.6 Skill: Factual 245. An adjustment disorder is a maladaptive reaction to a distressing life event or stressor that develops within
3 months of the onset of the stressor. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 151 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Learning Objective: 4.6 Skill: Factual 246. An adjustment disorder is a maladaptive reaction to a distressing life event or stressor that develops within
3 days of the onset of the stressor. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 151 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 4.6 Skill: Factual 247. For the diagnosis of an adjustment disorder to apply, the stress-related reaction must be sufficient enough to
also meet the diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder and a mood disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 152 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Learning Objective: 4.6 Skill: Factual 248. It is estimated that between 5% and 20% of people receiving outpatient mental health services present with
a diagnosis of adjustment disorder. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 152 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Learning Objective: 4.6 Skill: Factual 249. If the adjustment disorder lasts for more than one month after the stressor (or its consequences) has been
removed, the diagnosis may be changed. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 152 Topic: Adjustment Disorders Learning Objective: 4.6 Skill: Factual 250. Traumatic stress disorders are characterized by maladaptive patterns of behavior in response to trauma that
involve marked personal distress or significant impairment of functioning. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 153 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Factual 251. In acute stress disorder, the person shows a maladaptive pattern of behavior many months following
exposure to a traumatic event. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 153 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Factual 252. People with acute stress disorder may feel they are “in a daze” or that the world seems like a dreamlike or
unreal place. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 153 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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253. In acute stress disorder, the person shows a maladaptive pattern of behavior many months following
exposure to a traumatic event. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 153 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Factual 254. In acute stress disorder, the traumatic event may involve exposure to either actual or threatened death, a
serious accident, or a sexual violation. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 153 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Factual 255. For a diagnosis of acute stress disorder, the traumatic events can only include a sexual violation.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 153 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Factual 256. For a diagnosis of acute stress disorder, the traumatic events cannot be a battlefield trauma—battlefield
traumas are saved for posttraumatic stress disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 153 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Factual 257. In acute stress disorder, the person with acute stress disorder may have been directly exposed to the trauma,
witnessed other people experiencing the trauma, or learned about a trauma experienced by a close friend or family member. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 153 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Factual 258. In order to be diagnosed with acute stress disorder, the person with acute stress disorder must have been
directly exposed to the trauma. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 153 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Factual
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259. Stronger or more persistent symptoms of dissociation around the time of the trauma is associated with a
greater likelihood of later development of PTSD. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 154 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Factual 260.A person with acute stress disorder may have problems sleeping; may develop irritable or aggressive behavior or exhibit an exaggerated startle response to sudden noises. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 154 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Factual 261. Individuals with traumatic stress disorders do not exhibit difficulty effectively meeting daily
responsibilities. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 154 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Factual 262. Unlike individuals with PTSD, individuals with acute stress disorder never re-experience the trauma.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 154 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.8 Skill: Factual 263. One of the common features of PTSD is that the person may feel “numb” inside and lose the ability to have
loving feelings. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 154 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 264. Posttraumatic stress disorder is a prolonged maladaptive reaction that lasts longer than one month after the
traumatic experience. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 154 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 265. First responders to traumatic events do not develop PTSD.
ANSWER: F Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 155 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 266. High rates of PTSD are found among earthquake and hurricane survivors in many countries.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 155 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 267. About 50% of combat veterans returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have developed PTSD.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 155 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 268. Investigators found that survivors of terrorist acts had double the rate of PTSD as compared with survivors
of motor vehicle accidents. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 155 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 269. PTSD is found in very few cultures.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 155 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 270. As many as 300,000 American soldiers returning from the war zones in Iraq and Afghanistan show
symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder or depression. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 155 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 271. Less than one-third of people suffer a traumatic experience at some point in their lives.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 155 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 272. Traumatic events are actually quite rare. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 155 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 273. An individual who experiences detachment or “dissociation” shortly following the trauma, or feeling numb
is more vulnerable to developing PTSD. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 156 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 274. The more direct the exposure to the trauma, the greater the person’s likelihood of developing PTSD.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 156 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 275. Although women more often have traumatic experiences, men are more likely to develop PTSD.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 156 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 276. Men are more likely to have traumatic experiences; women are more likely to develop PTSD.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 156 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 277. Investigators reported that the brain structure, amygdala, was larger in a group of combat veterans with
PTSD than in combat veterans without PTSD. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 156 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 278. Individuals with a history of childhood sexual abuse are more at risk for developing PTSD.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 156 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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279. Individuals with vivid imaginations are more at risk for developing PTSD.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 156 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 280. Evidence from carefully controlled studies demonstrates little in the way of therapeutic benefits for EMDR
in treating PTSD. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 159 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.11 Skill: Factual 281. The Principle of Parsimony holds that the more complex the explanation, the better.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 160 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.11 Skill: Factual
Essay Questions 282. How do Americans feel about stress? Discuss this within the context of the findings of the American
Psychological Association’s nationwide study. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 137
283. Explain the role of the endocrine system in the experience of stress.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 138
284. Describe the different parts of the immune system and the interplay with the experience of stress.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 138
285. Describe how the experience of stress can lead to a compromised immune system.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.1
Page: 138
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Skill: Factual 286. Describe how psychological factors translate into physical health problems.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 140
287. Summarize the steps one can take to restore emotional wellbeing and a sense of control following a disaster
or other traumatic experience, Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 142
288. Describe the stages of General Adaptation Syndrome. What is the possible outcome of prolonged exposure
to stress? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.2 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 140-141
289. Summarize research findings regarding life changes and their relationship to stress.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 142
290. Discuss Charles Negy’s research that investigated the quality of relationships in acculturated and non-
acculturated Mexican-American couples. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.4 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 146-147
291. Discuss the forms of denial of illness and the impact this coping strategy may have on health and recovery.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 148
292. Compare and contrast the effectiveness of the problem-focused and emotion-focused styles of coping with
stress in dealing with serious illness. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 148
293. Discuss research findings relating the concepts of self-efficacy expectancies, hardiness, and
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optimism to health. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 149
294. Discuss the relationship between optimism and the subjective experience of pain.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 150
295. Discuss the factors involved with African American ethnic identity and resiliency to stress.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Effects of Stress Learning Objective: 4.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 151
296. Discuss the similarities and differences between Acute Stress disorder and PTSD.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 154 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Conceptual 297. Summarize the factors that could contribute to an individual having an increased vulnerability to PTSD.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 156 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Conceptual 298. Within a classical conditioning framework, describe the elements (conditioned response, unconditioned
stimuli, etc.) as they apply to the associations formed from a traumatic experience. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 157 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Conceptual 299. Summarize the research using the drug propranolol, in the treatment of traumatic memory. How might
morphine be used in treating traumatized soldiers? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 157 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.9 Skill: Factual 300. Describe how cognitive behavioral therapy has been used in the treatment of PTSD.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 159 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.11 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Skill: Conceptual 301. Describe EMDR and discuss the controversy regarding its use. Why is it worthwhile to consider the famous
dictum known as Occam’s razor in evaluating EMDR? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 160 Topic: Traumatic Stress Disorders Learning Objective: 4.11 Skill: Conceptual
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REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS EOC Q4.1 White blood cells work by recognizing invading pathogens by their surface fragments, called . a) b) c) d)
receptors lymphocytes antigens antibodies
Answer: c Learning Objective: 4.1 Evaluate the effects of stress on health. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q4.2 The release of corticosteroids, an increase in heart rate, muscle tension, and the ability for blood to clot are all stress-related changes in the body associated with of the GAS. a) b) c) d)
the exhaustion stage the resistance stage the alarm reaction the alert stage
Answer: c Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify and describe the stages of the general adaptation syndrome. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q4.3 The observation that people who experience a greater number of life changes are more likely to suffer from a psychological health problem compared to people who experience fewer life changes should be interpreted with caution because the relationship . a) b) c) d)
is correlational is experimental invalidates a cause and effect relationship is the result of randomly assigning research participants to experimental conditions
Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.3 Evaluate evidence of the relationship between life changes and psychological and physical health. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q4.4 The idea that acculturation helps people adjust to living in a host culture is termed the . a) b) c) d)
American Dream melting pot theory bicultural theory multicultural theory
Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.4 Evaluate the role of acculturative stress in psychological adjustment. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q4.5 Problem-focused coping involves a) b) c) d)
.
focusing on reducing one’s emotional response to a stressor ignoring or escaping from a stressor directly confronting a stressor focusing on a problem to such an extent that one becomes unable to function normally
Answer: c Learning Objective: 4.5 Identify psychological factors that moderate the effects of stress. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q4.6 is the body’s system of defense against disease.
The a) b) c) d)
endocrine system immune system stress reaction autonomic disease system
Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.1 Evaluate the effects of stress on health. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOC Q4.7 Which stress researcher is responsible for coining the term “general adaptation syndrome”? a) b) c) d)
Hans Selye Walter Cannon Albert Bandura Suzanne Kobasa
Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify and describe the stages of the general adaptation syndrome. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q4.8 Our beliefs regarding our ability to cope with challenges, perform skillfully, and produce positive changes in our lives are referred to as our . a) b) c) d)
self-directed expectancies self-efficacy expectancies self-esteem expectancies externalized locus of control
Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.5 Identify psychological factors that moderate the effects of stress. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q4.9 About two months ago, Justin’s parents announced they were getting a divorce. Before this Justin had never been in trouble in school, but since he learned about the divorce Justin has been cutting classes. Justin is most likely experiencing . a) b) c) d)
an adjustment disorder acculturative stress emotion-focused coping acute stress disorder
Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.6 Define the concept of an adjustment disorder and describe its key features. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q4.10 An adjustment disorder with disturbance of conduct is a maladaptive response to a stressor and is likely to include . a) b) c) d)
violation of the rights of others feelings of hopelessness fear of separation from primary attachment figures excessive crying
Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.7 Identify the specific types of adjustment disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q4.11 Which psychologist is famous for studying self-efficacy and for measuring how self-efficacy expectancies impact our likelihood to feel anxious in stressful situations? a) b) c) d)
Walter Cannon Albert Bandura Suzanne Kobasa Charles Negy
Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.5 Identify psychological factors that moderate the effects of stress. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q4.12 With , a person shows a maladaptive pattern of behavior for a period of three days to one month following a traumatic event. a) b) c) d)
an acute stress disorder posttraumatic stress disorder an alarm reaction generalized anxiety disorder
Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.8 Describe the key features of acute stress disorder. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q4.13 Many, but not all, people with acute stress disorder go on to develop a) b) c) d)
.
major depression PTSD acculturative stress disorder avoidant personality disorder
Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.9 Describe the key features of posttraumatic stress disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q4.14 Within a classical conditioning framework of assessing PTSD, the traumatic experience is the . a) b) c) d)
conditioned stimulus unconditioned stimulus conditioned response neutral stimulus
Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.10 Describe theoretical understandings of PTSD. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q4.15 In the method of treatment, the client is asked to form a mental picture of an image associated with the trauma while the therapist rapidly moves a finger back and forth in front of the client’s eyes for about 20 to 30 seconds. a) b) c) d)
physiological rerouting EMDR psycho-physical retraining emotional reconditioning
Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.11 Describe treatment approaches to PTSD. Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q4.1.1 What does the endocrine system secrete directly into the bloodstream? a) b) c) d)
red-blood cells hormones steroids antigens
Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.1 Evaluate the effects of stress on health. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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EOM Q4.1.2 When Mary saw the man in the hooded sweatshirt approach her on the dark street, she began to breathe rapidly and her heart rate increased. She was experiencing which stage of the general adaptation syndrome? a) b) c) d)
alarm reaction adaptation stage exhaustion stage resistance stage
Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify and describe the stages of the general adaptation syndrome. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q4.1.3 Acculturative stress is pressure a) b) c) d)
.
on community residents that results from the influx of large numbers of immigrants to their communities on each new generation to adopt mainstream gender norms that results from the demands placed on immigrant, native, and ethnic minority groups to adjust to life in the mainstream culture to assimilate experiences by new college students on campus for the first time
Answer: c Learning Objective: 4.4 Evaluate the role of acculturative stress in psychological adjustment. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Difficult
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EOM Q4.1.4 Samantha is a business executive who effectively deals with stress in her life by fully committing to the work at hand, seeing challenge as normal, and believing that she has control over her life. Psychologists would most probably describe Samantha as having . a) b) c) d)
an external locus of control high psychological hardiness low self-efficacy high dispositional readiness
Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.5 Identify psychological factors that moderate the effects of stress. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q4.1.5 Anne recently noticed that a mole on her arm has become irregular in shape and “mushy” to touch. Her roommate suggests that Anne make an appointment with a dermatologist. Anne cheerfully responds “It’s no big deal. It will probably go away on its own.” Anne is using . a) b) c) d)
positive-focused coping sensate-focused coping emotion-focused coping problem-focused coping
Answer: c Learning Objective: 4.5 Identify psychological factors that moderate the effects of stress. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
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EOM Q4.2.1 To be diagnosed with an adjustment order, an individual must be dealing with a distressing life event or stressor in a(n) _ way. a) b) c) d)
antisocial positive maladaptive inconsistent
Answer: c Learning Objective: 4.6 Define the concept of an adjustment disorder and describe its key features. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q4.2.2 Susan broke up with her boyfriend at the beginning of the semester. Two months later, she continues to feel sad much of the time and has difficulty concentrating on her schoolwork. Susan is most likely experiencing . a) b) c) d)
a social disorder major depression an acute stress reaction an adjustment disorder
Answer: d Learning Objective: 4.6 Define the concept of an adjustment disorder and describe its key features. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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EOM Q4.2.3 The percentage of people receiving outpatient mental health services who present with a diagnosis of adjustment disorder is estimated to be between . a) b) c) d)
1%–3% 5%–20% 25%–30% 40%–50%
Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.6 Define the concept of an adjustment disorder and describe its key features. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q4.2.4 If an adjustment disorder lasts longer than after the removal of the stressor or its consequences, the diagnosis may be changed to another clinical syndrome. a) b) c) d)
two weeks one month three months six months
Answer: d Learning Objective: 4.7 Identify the specific types of adjustment disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOM Q4.2.5 Seven-year-old Amanda has been experiencing intense fear of being separated from her mother for the last few months. Her fear began after her mother was hospitalized for a serious infection. The specific type of adjustment disorder that best describes Amanda’s maladaptive reaction is . a) b) c) d)
adjustment disorder with anxiety adjustment disorder with disturbance of conduct adjustment disorder with depressed mood adjustment disorder with mixed disturbance of emotion and conduct
Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.7 Identify the specific types of adjustment disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q4.3.1 Mike served in Iraq four years ago and saw combat activity. Since returning home, Mike experiences nightmares about his past combat involvement, startles easily when he hears loud noises, and constantly feels on edge. Mike would most likely be diagnosed with . a) b) c) d)
an acute stress reaction an adjustment disorder posttraumatic stress disorder major depression
Answer: c Learning Objective: 4.9 Describe the key features of posttraumatic stress disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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EOM Q4.3.2 According to the American Psychiatric Association, lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder is approximately . a) b) c) d)
4% 9% 15% 21%
Answer: b Learning Objective: Traumatic Stress Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q4.3.3 Researchers have found that sufferers of PTSD who were asked to recall the PTSD-related traumatic event after being given the drug propranolol had compared to a group who received a placebo. a) b) c) d)
a decrease in physiological activity an increase in emotional response better memory of event details an increase in perceptual sensitivity to the details of the event
Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.10 Describe theoretical understandings of PTSD. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q4.3.4 is an intense form of exposure treatment for PTSD in which the person repeatedly reexperiences the traumatic event in imagination during treatment sessions or directly confronts situations linked to the trauma in real life without seeking to escape from the anxiety. a) b) c) d)
Progressive stress inoculation Prolonged exposure Systematic exposure Exposure debriefing training
Answer: b Learning Objective: 4.11 Describe treatment approaches to PTSD. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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342
EOM Q4.3.5 In which type of therapy for PTSD does the individual gradually reexperience the anxiety associated with the traumatic event, allowing extinction of the anxiety to occur? a) b) c) d)
cognitive-behavioral self-relaxation anger management training EMDR
Answer: a Learning Objective: 4.11 Describe treatment approaches to PTSD. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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343
Total Assessment Guide Topic Learning Objective Introduction
Learning Objective 5.1
Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False
Learning Objective 5.2
Learning Objective 5.3
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 5.4
Learning Objective 5.5
Learning Objective 5.6
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 5.7
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 5.8
Learning Objective
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
Factual 2, 3, 4
Conceptual 1
Applied
6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214 267, 268 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
13, 14, 15
5, 8, 9, 18
26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220 269 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 221, 222, 223, 224
28, 31, 41
25, 36
55, 59, 60, 62
58, 61
63, 64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 81, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 96, 97 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235 271 102, 104, 109, 110, 111, 116
46
270 76, 98
56, 57
65, 68, 69, 70, 80, 82, 84, 85, 94, 95
99, 100, 105, 106, 107, 108, 112, 113, 114, 115
101, 103, 117
120, 121
119, 122, 130, 131, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138
236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245 118, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 132, 134 246, 247, 248, 249 141, 142, 143, 146,
272 145
139, 140, 144
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344
Topic 5.9
True-False
Learning Objective 5.10
Learning Objective 5.11
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
162, 165, 166, 169, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 180, 181, 182, 183, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260 275 193, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 201, 203 261, 262, 263 277 204, 205, 206, 207
True-False Essay
264, 265, 266 278, 279
True-False
Learning Objective 5.12
Learning Objective 5.13
Factual 147, 148, 149, 150, , 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 250, 251, 252, 253, 254 273 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161
Essay Multiple Choice
Conceptual
274 178, 179, 184, 185
276 200
Applied
163, 164, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172
194, 202
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345
5 Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Multiple-Choice Questions 1.A severe anxiety reaction approaching sheer terror is called a(n) a. nervous breakdown c. panic attack b. acute stressor d. fit of fright ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual
Page: 165
2.A generalized state of apprehension or foreboding is called a. tension c. anxiety b. stress d. arousal ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual 3. Anxiety disorders affect
a. b. c. d.
.
.
Page: 165
adults in the United States.
one in ten one in fifty one in twenty one in five
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
Page: 165
4.A class of psychological disorders characterized by excessive or maladaptive anxiety reactions is disorders. a. somatoform c. dissociative b. anxiety d. personality ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction
Page: 165
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346
Skill: Factual 5. Maris is plagued by a constant sense of dread and apprehension about the future. His thinking is jumbled,
confused and he has difficulty concentrating. Physically, he is jittery, agitated, and constantly feels nauseated. He is so worried about his own bodily sensations and the fear that he is “losing control,” that he has difficulty focusing on anything else. His symptoms are most suggestive of . a. a dissociative disorder c. an anxiety disorder b. a psychotic disorder d. a personality disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 166 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Applied 6. According to the textbook, anxiety is characterized by a wide range of symptoms that cut across
a. b. c. d.
domains. physical, behavioral, and cognitive developmental, psychosocial, and emotional physical, behavioral, and mental sociocultural, developmental, and cognitive
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 166 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Factual 7. Which of the following disorders was classified as an anxiety disorder in the DSM-IV but has moved to a new
diagnostic category in the DSM-5? a. Obsessive-compulsive disorder b. Panic disorder
c. d.
Agoraphobia Social phobia
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 166 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Factual 8. Robin worries constantly, has a nagging sense of dread or apprehension about the future, and is keenly aware of
and preoccupied with her body’s sensations. Which domain of anxiety do Robin’s symptoms represent? a. Psychosocial b. Cognitive c. Behavioral d. Emotional ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 166 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Applied 9. Every time David enters an airport terminal, he feels lightheaded. His heart races and his stomach hurts. If
David has an anxiety disorder, his symptoms would be classified in the a. behavioral b. cognitive
domain of anxiety.
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347
c. d.
physical emotional
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 166 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Applied 10.
In the DSM-5, acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder are classified as a. Trauma- and Stressor-related Disorders b. Neurotic Disorders c. Anxiety Disorders d. Dissociative Disorders
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 166 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Factual 11.
The term "neurosis" was coined by a. Sigmund Freud b. Anton Mesmer
. c. d.
William Cullen Emil Kraepelin
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 166 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Factual 12.
The term a. anxiety b. neurosis
derives from roots meaning "an abnormal or diseased condition of the nervous system." c. psychosis d. mania
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 166 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Factual 13.
A neurosis was originally seen as an affliction of the . a. nervous system c. spirit or soul b. muscular system d. heart ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 166 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Conceptual
14.
Freud's psychodynamic view was resulted from the threatened emergence of unacceptable, anxietyevoking ideas into conscious awareness. a. neurosis c. mania b. psychosis d. personality disorders
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348
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 165 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Conceptual 15.
For Freud, neurotic disorders represented ways the ego attempts to defend itself against a. psychosis c. anxiety b. depression d. confusion
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 166 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Conceptual 16.
Freud's assumptions about neuroses formed the basis of edition(s) of the DSM. a. the first c. the first three b. the first two d. all five ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 166 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Factual
17.
The term representing disorders that involve loss of touch with reality and are typified by bizarre behaviors, hallucinations, and beliefs, and are generally severe in nature is . a. neurosis c. organic disorder b. psychosis d. mania ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 166 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Factual
18.
Dick has episodes of sheer terror when riding on subway trains. He breaks into a cold sweat and often feels like he is having a heart attack. During these attacks he imagines that he is completely losing control of himself. Dick's disorder is best described as a(n) disorder. a. panic c. generalized anxiety b. obsessive-compulsive d. posttraumatic stress ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 166 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Applied
19.
The essential feature of a panic disorder is . a. well-defined phobic reactions to specific stimuli b. occurrences of repeated, unexpected panic attacks c. constant worry without a known cause d. behavior dominated by rituals performed in order to avoid anxiety ANSWER: B
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349
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 167 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.2 Skill: Factual 20.
Compared to European Americans, African Americans have of generalized anxiety disorder. a. lower; lower c. lower; higher b. higher; lower d. higher; higher
rates of social anxiety disorder and
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 167 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.2 Skill: Factual 21.
Compared to European Americans, Latinos have rates of social anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. a. lower; lower c. lower; higher b. higher; lower d. higher; higher ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 167 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.2 Skill: Factual
22.
Which of the following groups has the highest lifetime rates of panic disorder? a. European Americans c. African Americans b. Latinos d. Asian Americans ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 167 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.2 Skill: Factual
23.
Which of the following groups has the highest lifetime rates of social anxiety disorder? a. European Americans c. African Americans b. Latinos d. They all have equal rates. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 167 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.2 Skill: Factual
24.
Which of the following culture-bound syndromes have features similar to panic attacks? a. Koro c. Dhat b. Ataque de nervios d. Animus nervosa ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 167 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.2 Skill: Factual
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350
of
25.
Bert is standing in a shopping mall when he begins having difficulty breathing. He feels his heart pounding, feels weak and dizzy, and notices that he is perspiring heavily. He feels like he might be having a heart attack. At the very least, he senses he is losing control and is afraid that if he's not having a heart attack, he is going "crazy." Assuming that Bert is not having an actual heart attack, he is most likely suffering from . a. generalized anxiety disorder c. a panic attack b. a social phobia d. acute stress disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Applied
26.
There is a stronger bodily component in the symptoms of than to the symptoms of other forms of anxiety disorders. a. panic disorder c. social phobia b. generalized anxiety disorder d. obsessive-compulsive disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual
27.
Page: 168
One reason panic attacks can be so frightening is that they often mimic the symptoms of a. heart attacks c. strokes b. epileptic seizures d. meningitis ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Conceptual
29.
Page: 168
Which symptom is characteristic of a panic attack? a. Paranoia c. Uncontrollable crying b. Heavy perspiration d. Auditory hallucinations ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual
28.
Page: 168
Page: 168
Panic attacks usually reach a peak of intensity in about . a. 1 minute or less c. 30 minutes or less b. 10 to 15 minutes d. an hour or more ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 168
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351
.
30.
Panic attack sufferers tend to be keenly aware of their . a. surroundings c. head pain and dizziness b. physical weakness d. changes in heart rate ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual
31.
Because of the symptoms of panic attacks, it would be warranted for people with panic disorder to seek . a. physical therapy c. financial advice b. more exercise d. a medical evaluation ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Conceptual
32.
Panic disorder is often associated with a. obsessive-compulsive disorder b. dissociative fugue ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual
34.
Page: 168
. c. agoraphobia d. claustrophobia
Page: 168
An excessive, irrational fear of being in public without the availability of escape or help is a. acrophobia c. claustrophobia b. agoraphobia d. panic disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual
35.
Page: 168
Which of the following is true of panic attacks? a. They can last for up to a few hours. b. They are often accompanied by visual hallucinations. c. They are always preceded by an awareness of symptoms. d. They are initially triggered by a specific object or situation. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual
33.
Page: 168
.
Page: 168
In order to be diagnosed with panic disorder in the DSM system, panic sufferers must experience repeated unexpected attacks and at least of the attacks must be followed by at least a month of persistent fear of future attacks or of the consequences of an attack.
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352
a. b.
one two
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual 36.
About a. 10 b. 30
About a. 5 b. 25
Page: 169
The onset of panic disorder is usually in one's a. early or late childhood c. b. late childhood or early adolescence d. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual
40.
Page: 169
percent of Americans develop a panic disorder at some point their lives. c. 45 d. 65
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual 39.
Page: 168
percent of otherwise healthy people may experience an isolated panic attack in a given year. c. 50 d. 70
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual 38.
Page: 169
Stephanie is driving in her car and singing along with the radio. She is feeling happy when suddenly she begins to tremble and sweat, then her heart starts pounding and she feels nauseous. Most likely, Stephanie . a. has agoraphobia c. is experiencing a panic attack. b. has generalized anxiety disorder d. is having a heart attack ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Applied
37.
three four
Women are a. half b. equally
. late adolescence through mid-30s forties and fifties
Page: 169
as likely as men to experience panic attacks. c. twice d. ten times
ANSWER: C
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353
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual 41.
A person who has repeated and unexpected episodes of being afraid he or she is losing control or going crazy most likely suffers from . a. a generalized anxiety disorder c. agoraphobia b. a panic disorder d. schizophrenia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Conceptual
42.
.
Page: 170
During a panic attack, the adrenal glands a. shut down b. release only epinephrine ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.4 Skill: Factual
45.
Page: 169
During a panic attack, epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by a. the parasympathetic nervous system c. the adrenal glands b. cortisol d. GABA ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.4 Skill: Factual
44.
Page: 169
A(n) may involve feeling light-headed, trembling, chest pains, and feeling a sense of unreality about one's surroundings. a. panic attack c. obsessive-compulsive disorder b. psychotic disorder d. generalized anxiety attack ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual
43.
Page: 169
c. d.
. release only norepinephrine release both epinephrine and norepinephrine
Page: 170
People with panic disorder misattribute changes in to dire underlying causes. a. their environmental surroundings c. mood b. temperature d. internal bodily sensations ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 170
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354
46.
Donald Klein has proposed that a defect in the brain’s reactions. a. speed of reaction to visual and auditory stimuli b. memory for past traumas c. respiratory alarm system d. hippocampus ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.4 Skill: Conceptual
47.
a. b.
in some parts of the brain.
Page: 172
A class of medications which enhances GABA’s calming effect are a. phenothiazines c. neuroleptics b. benzodiazepines d. hallucinogenics ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.4 Skill: Factual
50.
Page: 172
People with panic disorder show abnormally low levels of a. epinephrine c. ACTH b. norepinephrine d. GABA ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.4 Skill: Factual
49.
Page: 172
is a neurotransmitter which helps tone down the stress response. GABA c. Norepinephrine Cortisol d. Epinephrine
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.4 Skill: Factual 48.
may be an important basis for panic
.
Page: 172
The prevailing understanding of the causes of panic disorder reflects a combination of a. biochemical and anatomical brain anomalies b. cognitive and biological factors c. cognitive and emotional factors d. repressed psychological material and social prohibitions ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 171
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355
.
51.
The cognitive proneness to panic disorders has been labeled . a. chronic vigilance c. neurotic thought pattern b. anxiety sensitivity d. uncontrolled worry ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.4 Skill: Factual
52.
When compared to Asian and Hispanic students, Caucasian students show levels of anxiety sensitivity and the anxiety sensitivity was strongly connected to panic attacks. a. lower; less c. lower; more b. higher; less d. higher; more ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.4 Skill: Factual
53.
in order to
Page: 172
The most popular treatments for panic disorder are drug therapy and a. psychodynamic c. cognitive-behavioral b. relationship d. desensitization ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.5 Skill: Factual
56.
Page: 173
In some treatment programs, people with panic disorder are encouraged to learn how to cope with the panic. a. intentionally induce panicky symptoms b. carry a paper breathing bag with them at all times c. develop quiet, calming hobbies such as painting d. join support groups ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.4 Skill: Factual
55.
Page: 173
The lowest levels of anxiety sensitivity have been found in students. a. Alaskan native c. American Indian b. Asian d. Caucasian ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.4 Skill: Factual
54.
Page: 172
therapy.
Page: 173
Lindsay has a panic disorder. Along with psychotherapy, she is likely to be prescribed a. antipsychotic c. mood stabilizer
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356
medication.
b.
antidepressant
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.5 Skill: Applied 57.
Page: 173
Page: 173
Troublesome side effects have been noted in panic disordered clients taking antidepressant medications such as clomipramine (Anafranil) and the SSRIs paroxetine (Paxil) and sertraline (Zoloft). These side effects include . a. tardive dyskinesia b. sleep problems, drowsiness, and nausea c. weight gain d. spikes in blood pressure ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.5 Skill: Factual
60.
Page: 173
Which of the following represents a significant limitation of drug treatment for panic disorder? a. Patients may attribute clinical improvement to the drugs and not to their own resources. b. Drugs interfere with administering quick, effective treatment by masking symptoms of more severe psychological disorders that, on the surface, resemble panic disorder. c. The types of drugs that are used to treat panic disorder all have potential for addiction. d. These drugs may cause tardive dyskinesia as a serious side effect. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.5 Skill: Conceptual
59.
antihistamine
With your new knowledge of abnormal psychology, your roommate, who has a panic disorder, asks you about which medications are used to treat panic disorder. She mentions four medications; which one is used to treat panic disorder? a. Straterra c. Seroquel b. Paxil d. Tegretol ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.5 Skill: Applied
58.
d.
Page: 173
Exposing panic-prone people to the sensations that precede panic attacks to help them build up a tolerance to the sensations and to teach them that the sensations do not necessarily signal an oncoming attack is a technique most likely to be used by a therapist. a. cognitive-behavioral c. psychodynamic b. social learning d. humanistic ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Panic Disorder
Page: 174
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357
Learning Objective: 5.5 Skill: Factual 61.
is a technique used with persons with panic disorder that aims at restoring a normal level of carbon dioxide in the blood by having clients . a. Mindfulness training; breathe slowly through the nose b. Transcendental meditation; visualize relaxing scenes with their eyes closed c. Breathing retraining; breathe slowly and deeply from the abdomen d. Guided breathing; breathe slowly and deeply from the abdomen ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 174 Topic: A Closer Look: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.5 Skill: Conceptual
62.
Clients with panic disorder are often advised to breathe into a paper bag in order to reduce symptoms. The use of the bag . a. is helpful for clients who become nauseated b. allows the client to focus on something other than panic symptoms c. traps carbon dioxide in the bag which may induce calm by restoring a more optimal balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide. d. controls the amount of oxygen available to the client and creates a situation much like passing out ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.5 Skill: Factual
63.
The word phobia derives from the Greek word “phobos,” meaning a. caution c. fear b. avoidance d. distance ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
64.
.
Page: 175
Persistent fears of objects or situations that are disproportionate to the threat posed by them are the central feature of a(n) disorder. a. panic c. generalized anxiety b. phobic d. obsessive-compulsive ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
65.
Page: 175
Page: 176
Nancy is terrified of heights. She avoids high places whenever possible because she experiences overwhelming fear when she is in such an environment. Nancy never has this problem in any other situation and does not worry about it until she is forced to go to a high place. She is best diagnosed as having a(n) disorder. a. panic c. generalized anxiety
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358
b.
phobic
d.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Applied 66.
Most phobias involve fears of a. unusual objects b. unusual situations ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
67.
c. d.
legitimately dangerous situations ordinary events
Page: 175
.
Page: 176
.
Page: 176
Ebony has an excessive, unrealistic fear of heights. Her phobia is called a. claustrophobia c. acrophobia b. hydrophobia d. agoraphobia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Applied
70.
.
Tony has an excessive, unrealistic fear of snakes. His phobia is a. a specific phobia c. a complex phobia b. a social phobia d. agoraphobia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Applied
69.
Page: 176
Persistent, excessive fears of certain objects or situations are called a. specific phobias c. complex phobias b. social phobias d. agoraphobia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
68.
obsessive-compulsive
Page: 176
Mel has an excessive, unrealistic fear of tight, enclosed spaces. His phobia is a. agoraphobia c. claustrophobia b. acrophobia d. hydrophobia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6
.
.
Page: 176
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359
Skill: Applied 71.
Which of the following statements is true of phobias? a. They usually involve fears of out-of-the-ordinary things. b. Phobic individuals do not usually recognize that their fears are excessive or unreasonable. c. Different types of phobias usually appear at different ages. d. Phobic individuals experience fear typical proportional to the actual threat posed by what they fear. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
72.
Agoraphobia often follows the development of panic attacks beginning in a. middle age c. early childhood b. adulthood d. adolescence ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
73.
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Page: 175
The specific phobia with the latest average age of onset is . a. dental phobia c. blood phobia b. claustrophobia d. animal phobia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
76.
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Which of the following phobias tends to develop at the oldest age? a. Agoraphobia c. Animal phobia b. Claustrophobia d. Social phobia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
75.
.
Which of the following phobias tends to develop during childhood? a. Agoraphobia c. Animal phobia b. Claustrophobia d. Social phobia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
74.
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Phobias are typically accompanied by a. antisocial c.
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behaviors. autistic
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b.
aggressive
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Conceptual 77.
Specific phobias affect about a. 1% b. 7% ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
78.
People with specific phobias a. never b. often ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
80.
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people at some point in their lives. c. 13% d. 29%
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.
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recognize their fears are exaggerated or unfounded. c. sometimes d. rarely
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Marcy has a persistent fear that she is going to publicly embarrass or humiliate herself with some unintended behavioral mistake. She is overly critical of her own behavior, fears criticism by others, and experiences over-arousal in interactions with others. She is best diagnosed as having . a. a specific phobia c. a complex phobia b. a social phobia d. agoraphobia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Applied
81.
avoidance
Anxiety disorders in general and phobic disorders in particular are more common in a. men c. children b. women d. the elderly ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
79.
d.
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Intense, unrealistic fears of being judged negatively by others when in public situations are called a. specific phobias c. complex phobias b. social phobias d. agoraphobia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1
Page: 178
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.
Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual 82.
Marcia always feels as if a thousand eyes are watching every move she makes, just waiting to find a flaw. She is preoccupied with the impression she makes on others and usually assumes she has made a negative one. As a result, she often avoids situations in which she will have to deal with large numbers of people. She is best described as having . a. a specific phobia c. a complex phobia b. social anxiety disorder d. agoraphobia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Applied
83.
.
People with anxiety disorder have such an intense fear of social situations they may avoid them altogether or endure them only with great distress. a. generalized b. social c. interpersonal d. phobic ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
84.
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Diane is so afraid that her potential dates will reject her after she goes out with them, that she refuses to go out on any dates at all. This is a type of . a. specific anxiety c. complex phobia b. social anxiety d. interpersonal anxiety disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Applied
86.
Page: 178
Brian suffers from speech anxiety. This is a type of . a. specific anxiety c. generalized anxiety b. social anxiety d. agoraphobia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Applied
85.
Page: 178
Page: 178
National representative surveys suggest that some point in their lives. a. 1% c. b. 12% d.
of US adults are affected by social anxiety disorder at 23% 37%
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ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual 87.
People with social anxiety often try to “medicate” themselves with interactions. a. marijuana b. tranquilizers or alcohol c. benzodiazepines and coffee d. opioids or central nervous system depressants ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
88.
90.
Social anxiety tends to follow a a. sporadic but temporary b. sporadic and persistent ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
91.
.
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Social anxiety disorder generally begins in a. infancy c. b. adolescence d. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
when preparing for social
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The average age for the onset of social anxiety disorder is about age a. 7 b. 10 c. 15 d. 30 ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
89.
Page: 178
. early adulthood middle adulthood
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course in life. c. chronic but temporary d. chronic and persistent
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Researcher Bernardo Carducci states that shy people often become successful by which of the following methods? a. By changing who they are and the way the act. b. By thinking less about themselves and more about others. c. By focusing on having a few close friends who have a high tolerance for shy behavior.
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d.
By choosing a career where they can work independently.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual 92.
The term “agoraphobia” is derived from Greek words meaning fear of a. public speaking c. combat b. being observed while eating d. the marketplace ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
93.
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Page: 179
Sarah is afraid to leave her house. She is terrified that if she steps outside her door something awful is going to happen to her. She has . a. a simple phobia c. a complex phobia b. a social phobia d. agoraphobia ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Applied
96.
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Danielle has an excessive, unrealistic fear of shopping in crowded stores and walking through crowded streets. She has . a. claustrophobia c. acrophobia b. a social phobia d. agoraphobia ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Applied
95.
.
Fear of places and situations in which it might be difficult or embarrassing to escape in case of a panic or anxiety attack is called . a. a simple phobia c. a complex phobia b. a social phobia d. agoraphobia ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
94.
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Agoraphobia is often but not always associated with a. panic disorder c. b. generalized anxiety disorder d.
. social anxiety disorder specific phobia
ANSWER: A
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97.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
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Agoraphobia generally begins in a. early childhood b. late childhood
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual 98.
.
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.
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According to the psychodynamic perspective, phobias develop through the use of a. denial c. rationalization b. projection d. regression ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Conceptual
101.
Page: 179
From the psychodynamic perspective, anxiety disorders are viewed as a. being acquired through conditioning and observational learning b. the result of dysfunctional ways of thinking c. being developed as a result of genetic factors d. sexual or aggressive impulses that are nearing the level of awareness ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Conceptual
100.
early adolescence late adolescence
Many people with agoraphobia learn to avoid situations which might trigger a. embarrassment c. anticipatory anxiety b. a panic attack d. stress ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Conceptual
99.
c. d.
.
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James suffers from acrophobia. According to the psychodynamic perspective, his fear of heights probably represents an unconscious . a. wish to jump c. homicidal impulse b. sexual fantasy d. desire for his mother ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7
Page: 181
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Skill: Applied 102.
The two-factor model of how phobias are acquired was developed by a. Freud c. Skinner b. Woody & Rachman d. Mowrer ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Factual
103.
104.
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The two-factor model states that the fear component of a phobia is acquired by . a. classical conditioning c. modeling b. operant conditioning d. both classical and operant conditioning ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Conceptual
106.
.
Many people with phobias had experiences in which the phobic object or situation was associated with . a. aversive experiences b. negative reinforcement c. neutral experiences d. arousing but not necessarily aversive experiences ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Factual
105.
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With Mowrer’s two-factor model, the fear component is acquired through a. operant conditioning b. classical conditioning c. aversive conditioning d. continuous reinforcement ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Applied
.
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According to the two-factor model, the avoidance component of a phobia is acquired by a. classical conditioning c. modeling b. operant conditioning d. both classical and operant conditioning ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 181
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366
.
107.
According to the two-factor model, a phobia is acquired and maintained by . a. modeling c. classical conditioning b. operant conditioning d. classical and operant conditioning ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Conceptual
108.
Mowrer’s two-factor model assumes that the avoidance component of phobias is acquired and maintained through . a. positive reinforcement c. punishment b. aversive conditioning d. negative reinforcement ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Conceptual
109.
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The part of the brain that sends an “all clear” message to the brain’s emotional centers, helping to calm us down, is the . a. prefrontal cortex c. hippocampus b. pons d. medulla ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Factual
112.
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An almond-shaped part of the limbic system that functions as sort of an “emotional computer” for evaluating whether stimuli represent a threat or danger is the . a. hippocampus c. amygdala b. thalamus d. hypothalamus ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Factual
111.
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A set of interconnected brain structures that are located below the cerebral cortex and are involved in such functions as memory formation and the processing of emotional surprises is called the . a. hindbrain c. corpus callosum b. limbic system d. reticular activating system ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Factual
110.
Page: 181
Greater excitability of the
Page: 182
may explain why people with phobic disorders experience more fear in
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response to threatening cues from the environment. a. hippocampus c. amygdala b. cingulate gyrus d. cerebellum ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Conceptual 113.
The idea that people may have inherited a tendency to develop phobias that had survival value in the past, even if they no longer do today is central to . a. prepared stimulation c. prepared conditioning b. prenatal conditioning d. observational learning ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Conceptual
114.
People with dental phobia tend to a. avoid thinking about b. exaggerate ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Factual
117.
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Which one of the following is a factor in proneness to phobias? a. Lower activation of the frontal lobes of the brain b. Lower levels of cortisol in the bloodstream c. Hypoarousal of the central nervous system d. Self-defeating thoughts and irrational beliefs ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Conceptual
116.
Page: 184
The idea that some people are genetically predisposed to acquire phobic responses to certain classes of stimuli is called . a. prepared stimulation c. prepared conditioning b. prenatal conditioning d. observational learning ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Conceptual
115.
Page: 182
Page: 185
the anticipated pain they will experience on visits to the dentist. c. minimize d. speak to the dentist about
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Jack believes that it is awful and horrible when he is turned down for a date. According to research findings, Jack would be expected to have more than peers who do not catastrophize such rejections.
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a. b.
social anxiety anger at women
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Applied 118.
Page: 186
.
Page: 187
The goal of systematic desensitization is to a. moderate c. b. suppress d. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Conceptual
122.
Page: 186
As part of systematic desensitization, the phobic client must learn a. heightened imagination c. graduated extinction b. relaxation techniques d. logical progression ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Conceptual
121.
. Wolpe Bandura
Zelda visits a therapist for treatment of her anxiety. Her therapist teaches her to relax on a couch while working her way through a fear-stimulus hierarchy. Eventually, Zelda is able to remain calm in each of the situations presented in the hierarchy. Her therapist used a technique called . a. chain breaking c. cue controlled conditioning b. response prevention d. systematic desensitization ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Applied
120.
generalized anxiety social withdrawal
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Systematic desensitization was developed by a. Skinner c. b. Lazarus d. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Factual
119.
c. d.
a phobia. extinguish transform
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Kevin is afraid of elevators. His therapist has him stand outside an elevator until he remains calm. Then, Kevin stands inside the elevator with the door open. He then stands in it with the door closed. Then, he rides it up one floor. Eventually he rides it to the top of the building and back down while remaining calm. Kevin's therapist used to treat his phobia. a. gradual exposure c. systematic desensitization
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b.
response prevention
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Applied 123.
a. b.
Gradual exposure is a a. learning-based b. psychodynamic ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Factual
125.
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technique for treating agoraphobia. c. biological d. sociocultural
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Page: 188
The therapy that uses computer-generated environments is called therapy. a. paradoxical simulation c. virtual reality b. parallel universe d. systematic electronic exposure ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Factual
127.
Paradoxical intent Gradual exposure
A type of exposure therapy in which a subject is exposed to intensely anxiety-provoking situations is called . a. gradual exposure c. flooding b. systematic desensitization d. overexposure ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Factual
126.
cue-controlled relaxation
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is the treatment for a specific phobia. Aversive conditioning c. Response prevention d.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Factual 124.
d.
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Virtual reality therapy has been successfully used to help treat . a. various types of phobias c. panic disorder b. posttraumatic stress disorder d. obsessive-compulsive disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders
Page: 188
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370
Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Factual 128.
In one study, 92% of subjects overcame a fear of with virtual reality therapy. a. snakes c. enclosed places b. flying d. heights ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Factual
129.
Which of the following is considered necessary for virtual reality therapy to be effective? a. The client must apply progressive muscular relaxation when confronting the feared object or experience. b. The client must be willing to accept the artificiality of the virtual environment. c. There must be physiological changes to reflect anxiety during the experience. d. The client must have past experience with gaming or other virtual worlds. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Factual
130.
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Jack's therapist helps him overcome his social anxiety disorder by pinpointing his self-defeating thoughts and generating sensible alternatives to those thoughts. This technique is called . a. gradual exposure c. chain breaking b. cognitive restructuring d. perceptual blocking ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Applied
132.
Page: 188
A therapist points out to her client that the client's social phobia results from irrational needs for social approval and extreme perfectionism. The therapist is following a treatment approach most like that of . a. Skinner c. Lazarus b. Ellis d. Wolpe ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Applied
131.
Page: 188
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Practitioners of cognitive-behavioral therapy combine with cognitive restructuring to treat social phobia. a. systematic desensitization c. flooding b. muscular relaxation d. exposure treatment ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
Page: 189
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371
Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Factual 133.
Ralph visits a therapist for treatment of his social anxiety disorder. His therapist points out how Ralph is making errors in how he judges situations and people's responses to him. He points out that Ralph dwells on his own weaknesses and flaws, and catastrophizes disappointments into disasters. Ralph's therapist is most likely a therapist. a. psychoanalytic c. psychodynamic b. humanistic d. cognitive ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Applied
134.
Research evidence supports the use of a. analgesic b. anti-psychotic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Factual
135.
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Don has a specific phobia of spiders. An effective treatment for him might include psychotherapy and . a. light therapy c. exposure and response prevention b. an antidepressant d. Central Nervous System depressant ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Applied
137.
drugs in treating social anxiety disorder. c. anti-depressant d. anti-inflammatory
Megan has social anxiety disorder. An effective treatment for her might include psychotherapy and a. light therapy c. exposure and response prevention b. an antidepressant d. Central Nervous System depressant ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Applied
136.
Page: 189
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Lisa has a claustrophobia. An effective treatment for her might include psychotherapy and a. light therapy c. exposure and response prevention b. an antidepressant d. Central Nervous System depressant ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8
Page: 190
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372
.
.
Skill: Applied 138.
Miguel has a specific phobia of speaking in front of others. An effective treatment for him might include cognitive-behavioral therapy and . a. light therapy c. exposure and response prevention b. an antidepressant d. Central Nervous System depressant ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Applied
139.
Betsy has had persistent "free floating" anxiety for about 9 months. She finds herself worrying about her children, her career, her marriage, and her friends even though nothing appears to be wrong with any of them. She is best described as suffering from a(n) disorder. a. panic c. generalized anxiety b. phobic d. obsessive-compulsive ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Applied
140.
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The central feature of a generalized anxiety disorder is a. fear of dying c. trembling b. worry d. depression ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual
142.
Page: 190
Robert has had persistent anxiety for about 13 months. He has also suffered from shakiness, feeling "keyed up," insomnia, irritability, and chronic muscle tension. He is best diagnosed as having a(n) disorder. a. panic c. generalized anxiety b. phobic d. obsessive-compulsive ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Applied
141.
Page: 190
.
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Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive anxiety and worry that is . a. specific to an object or event that the individual has had an aversive experience with b. not limited to any one object, situation, or activity c. limited to health and safety concerns d. limited to concerns about the well-being of immediate family members ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1
Page: 190
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Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual 143.
Chronic worry is a central feature of a. schizophrenia b. panic disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual
144.
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Page: 190
Which of the following disorders is most likely to accompany generalized anxiety disorder? a. Depression c. Conversion disorder b. Borderline personality disorder d. Bipolar affective disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual
147.
Page: 190
A person who feels "keyed up" and worries about minor things has characteristics of a. depression c. generalized anxiety disorder b. agoraphobia d. panic attacks ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Conceptual
146.
depression generalized anxiety disorder
Chad is on the dean's list in college and he is also one of the best athletes on the football team. Despite his successes, Chad worries about his grades and finds his mind going blank at times. He is also beginning to have difficulty falling asleep. Most likely, Chad has . a. a generalized anxiety disorder c. social anxiety disorder b. a panic disorder d. a specific phobia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Applied
145.
. c. d.
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Which of the following disorders is most likely to accompany generalized anxiety disorder? a. Other anxiety disorders c. Conversion disorder b. Borderline personality disorder d. Bipolar affective disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 190
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.
148.
Which of the following disorders is most likely to accompany generalized anxiety disorder? a. Agoraphobia c. Conversion disorder b. Borderline personality disorder d. Bipolar affective disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual
149.
Which of the following disorders has been noted as co-occurring with generalized anxiety disorder? a. Schizophrenia c. Schizoid personality disorder b. Obsessive-compulsive disorder d. Conversion disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual
150.
.
Page: 190
What is the lifetime prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder in the general U.S. population? a. About 1%. b. About 6% c. About 12% d. About 23% ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual
152.
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Generalized anxiety tends to initially arise during the a. pre-teen years through the mid-teens b. mid-teens through the mid-20s c. mid-20s through the mid-30s d. mid-30s through the mid-40s ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual
151.
Page: 190
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What is the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder in the general U.S. population in any given year? a. About 1%. b. About 3% c. About 6% d. About 12% ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 191
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153.
Who is most likely to have generalized anxiety disorder? a. Children b. Men c. Women d. The elderly ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual
154.
Generalized anxiety disorder affects about a. 6 percent b. 14 percent ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual
155.
Men are a. half b. equally
Researchers are hopeful that _ such as cognitive-behavioral therapy. a. Seroquel b. D-cycloserine ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.10 Skill: Factual
157.
of the adult population at some point in their lives. 24 percent 34 percent
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could potentially enhance the effects of learning-based treatments c. d.
Ritalin Prozac
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Which of the following medications has recently been shown to speed up the extinction of fear responses in rats? a. Seroquel c. D-cycloserine b. Propranolol d. Prozac ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.10 Skill: Factual
158.
c. d.
as likely as women to experience generalized anxiety disorder. c. twice d. 4 times
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual 156.
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Generalized anxiety responds to medications that specifically target a. ACTH c. serotonin
.
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b.
GABA
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.10 Skill: Factual 159.
.
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.
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Cognitive-behavior therapists are likely to treat generalized anxiety with which of the following treatments? a. A combination of techniques b. Electroconvulsive therapy c. Negative reinforcement d. A token economy ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.10 Skill: Factual
162.
Page: 192
Cognitive-behavior therapists often treat generalized anxiety with a. gradual exposure c. aversive conditioning b. decatastrophizing d. chain breaking ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.10 Skill: Factual
161.
glutamine
A drug that has been approved for treatment of GAD is a. Ritalin c. Paxil b. Wellbutrin d. Lexapro ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.10 Skill: Factual
160.
d.
Page: 193
The DSM-5 category of Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders contains which of the following disorders? a. Kleptomania c. Erotomanic disorder (“stalking”) b. Excoriation (skin picking) disorder d. Compulsive gambling ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 194 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual
163.
Corinne is plagued by fears that she is going to be “contaminated” by some germ-infested object she happens to touch, then will develop some horrible illness and die. As a result, she engages in elaborate hand-washing rituals. She spends several hours a day at the sink and washes her hands after touching anybody or anything that might have dirt or germs. Her symptoms are most suggestive of disorder.
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a. b.
obsessive-compulsive generalized anxiety
c. d.
panic an acute stress reaction
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 194 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Applied 164.
Todd spends hours checking and rechecking the doors and windows to his house to make sure they are completely locked and secured before he leaves for work in the morning. This is the only way he can prevent himself from being overwhelmed by anxiety and fears he left something unlocked as he drives to the office. Todd is suffering from disorder. a. phobic c. obsessive-compulsive b. panic d. generalized anxiety ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 194 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Applied
165.
A criterion for obsessive-compulsive disorder is that the symptoms must occupy more than a. 5 hours per week c. 1 hour per day b. 2 hours per day d. 10 hours per week
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 194 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual 166.
An intrusive, recurrent thought or image that an individual cannot control is known as a(n) a. delusion c. obsession b. hallucination d. compulsion
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 194 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual 167.
All day long, Ted keeps hearing in his mind the jingle to a television commercial he watched last night. Though he doesn't even like the jingle, he cannot seem to get it out of his head and it is beginning to get him angry. In fact, each time he thinks of the song, he gets more and more upset. Ted's thoughts of the television jingle are a(n) . a. delusion c. obsession b. hallucination d. compulsion ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 194 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Applied
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378
168.
For months, as Rod drives to work, he has been plagued by worries that he forgot to lock the door, close the windows, or turn off the stove in his house. Several times he has even had to return home and double-check the house before he could get rid of these troubling fears. Rod's worries represent . a. delusions c. obsessions b. hallucinations d. compulsions ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 194 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Applied
169.
An irresistible, repetitive urge to engage in a specific behavior, usually to relieve anxiety, is a(n) a. delusion c. obsession b. abreaction d. compulsion
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 195 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual 170.
Corinne engages in elaborate hand-washing rituals. She feels that she must spend several hours a day at the sink washing her hands after touching anybody or anything that might have dirt or germs. Her behaviors are . a. compulsions c. obsession b. abreactions d. delusions ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 195 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Applied
171.
Bud does not feel that he can leave for work each morning until he spends hours checking and rechecking to make sure that he has shut off all the appliances and locked the windows and doors of his home. Bud's behaviors represent . a. delusions c. obsessions b. a specific phobia d. compulsions ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 195 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Applied
172.
Len is constantly anxious. To relieve his anxiety, he counts silently to himself. He may count his breaths per minute, or he may just count the seconds as they tick by. Just the act of counting seems to relieve his anxiety. Len's counting behaviors represent a(n) . a. delusion c. obsession b. compulsion d. abreaction ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 195 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11
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379
Skill: Applied 173.
Most compulsions involve a. religious and sexual b. sexual and cleaning
rituals. c. d.
cleaning and checking checking and religious
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 195 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual 174.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder afflicts between percent of American adults at some point in their lives. a. 2-3 c. 10-11 b. 6-7 d. 14-15 ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 194 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual
175.
Women are a. half b. equally
as likely as men to be afflicted with obsessive-compulsive disorder. c. twice d. four times
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 196 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual 176.
Hoarding disorder afflicts between a. 2-5 b. 16-17
percent of American adults at some point in their lives. c. 10-11 d. 24-35
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 194 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual 177.
Skin picking disorder afflicts about a. 1.4 b. 16
percent of American adults at some point in their lives. c. 10 d. 24
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 194 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual 178.
From a psychodynamic perspective, obsessions represent a. acts that help keep unconscious impulses repressed b. self-defeating thoughts that perpetuate anxiety
.
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380
c. d.
the two-factor model the leakage of unconscious impulses into consciousness
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 196 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Conceptual 179.
From the psychodynamic perspective, compulsions are acts which . a. symbolically fulfill unconscious sexual desires b. help to keep unconscious impulses repressed c. represent a failure of the ego to cope with the real world effectively d. represent a failure of the superego to establish realistic moral standards ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 196 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Conceptual
180.
Many children with obsessive-compulsive disorder have a history of a. enuresis or bedwetting c. tic disorders b. sibling rivalry d. sexual abuse
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 196 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual 181.
What portion of the brain has been implicated in some cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder? a. The frontal lobes c. The parietal lobes b. The temporal lobes d. The occipital lobes ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 197 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual
182.
Abnormal activity in the a. frontal b. temporal
lobes of the brain has been implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder. c. parietal d. occipital
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 197 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual 183.
The worry circuit is . a. a region of the brainstem thought to be involved in activating the nervous system and repetitive thoughts b. a neural route involving the olfactory bulb and pungent smells c. a neural network signaling danger possibly involving the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala
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381
d.
an electronic simulation of anxiety disorders
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 196 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual 184.
Heightened arousal in the worry circuit is suspected of playing a key role in a. panic disorder c. obsessive-compulsive disorder b. specific phobia d. posttraumatic stress disorder
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 196 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Conceptual 185.
“Obsessions give rise to anxiety/distress and compulsions temporarily a. exacerbate c. reduce b. accompany d. maintain
it.”
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 197 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Conceptual 186.
Each of the following is true of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder EXCEPT a. they tend to be perfectionistic b. they may show signs of memory impairment c. they tend to be under focused on their thoughts d. they tend to exaggerate the risk that unfortunate events will occur
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 197 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual 187.
Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder usually involves a combination of exposure with . a. flooding c. aversive conditioning b. response prevention d. stimulus prevention ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 198 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual
188.
The antidepressants have therapeutic effects in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder. a. SSRI-type c. tricyclic-type b. MAO inhibitor-type d. eclectic-type ANSWER: A
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382
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 198 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual 189.
Drugs that boost levels of the neurotransmitter obsessive-compulsive disorder. a. GABA c. b. serotonin d.
in the brain have shown effectiveness in treating epinephrine norepinephrine
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 198 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual 190.
The class of drugs most commonly used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder is a. antianxiety drugs c. antidepressants b. analgesics d. neuroleptics
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 198 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual 191.
Drugs like Prozac that operate on the serotonin system, are effective in treating a. obsessive-compulsive disorder c. conversion disorder b. schizophrenia d. autistic disorder
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 198 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual 192.
Approximately of people with OCD who are treated with exposure with response prevention show significant reductions in OCD symptoms. a. 60-85% c. 90-95% b. 10-15% d. 50% ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 198 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual
193.
People with are preoccupied with an imagined or exaggerated physical defect in their appearance. a. somatization disorder c. an adjustment disorder b. body dysmorphic disorder d. a personality disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 199 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.12
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383
Skill: Factual 194.
Todd is preoccupied with a small bump on his nose that he thinks is “huge and grotesque.” Daily, he spends hours in front of the mirror examining his perceived defect. Todd would most likely be diagnosed with . a. an adjustment disorder c. an impulse control disorder b. hypochondriasis d. body dysmorphic disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 199 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.12 Skill: Applied
195.
A technique called involves surgically implanting electrodes in specific areas of the brain and stimulating the electrodes and surrounding brain tissue by a pacemaker-like device placed in the chest wall. a. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation c. magnetic resonance stimulation b. deep brain stimulation d. positron emission stimulation ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 199 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.12 Skill: Factual
196.
Deep brain stimulation has shown promising results in treating , and research indicates that it may also be helpful in treating . a. depression; OCD c. depression; personality disorders b. OCD; depression d. PTSD; depression ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 199 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.12 Skill: Factual
197.
Body dysmorphic disorder is thought to be . a. extremely rare c. relatively common b. rare d. very common ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 200 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.12 Skill: Factual
198.
The most accurate description of the prognosis for individuals with body dysmorphic disorder is that . a. recovery often occurs within one year b. recovery often occurs but generally takes five years or more c. seldom occurs, but when it does it happens within two years d. seldom occurs, but when it does it generally takes five years or more ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 200 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
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Learning Objective: 5.12 Skill: Factual 199.
a. b. c. d.
is often used in treating body dysmorphic disorder. Exposure therapy with response prevention Aversive counterconditioning Systematic desensitization Antianxiety medication
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 200 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.12 Skill: Factual 200.
Which of the following is an example of a response prevention technique that might be used in treating individuals with body dysmorphic disorder? a. Encouraging clients to check their perceived defect in the mirror to challenge the validity of their perception b. Encouraging clients to avoid excessive grooming c. Having clients intentionally reveal their perceived defect in public, rather than concealing it with makeup or clothing d. Having clients install mirrors in their homes ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 200 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.12 Skill: Conceptual
201.
Exposure therapy with response prevention is often combined with disorder. a. systematic desensitization b. aversive counterconditioning c. antianxiety medication d. cognitive restructuring
to treat body dysmorphic
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 200 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.12 Skill: Factual 202.
Shanika has been diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder. Her therapist is treating the disorder by having her reveal her imagined defect, a small skin blemish, in public without concealing it with clothing or makeup. Her therapist is using a technique called to treat Shanika. a. systematic desensitization b. aversive counterconditioning c. a “shame attacking” exercise d. exposure therapy ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 200 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.12 Skill: Applied
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385
203.
fMRI scans have revealed that individuals with BDD have higher activation in brain regions governing . a. analytic and evaluative tasks b. holistic processing c. emotional processing d. inhibitory processing ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 201 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.12 Skill: Factual
204.
is characterized by the accumulation of and need to retain stacks of unnecessary and seemingly useless possessions, causing personal distress or making it difficult to maintain habitable living space. a. Accumulation disorder b. Hoarding disorder c. Dependency disorder d. Attachment disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 201 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.13 Skill: Factual
205.
Hoarding disorder affects about a. 2-5 percent b. 8-10 percent
of the general population. c. 24-28 percent d. 30-34 percent
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 201 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.13 Skill: Factual 206.
Individuals with hoarding disorder may be accumulating things . a. to cope with an existential fear of death b. as a passive-aggressive way to indicate dissatisfaction with intimate relationships c. to cope with childhood trauma d. to gain a sense of security ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 194 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.13 Skill: Factual
207.
Which of the following is a difference between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and hoarding disorder? a. Obsessional thinking in hoarding disorder is not as intrusive as it is in OCD. b. Obsessional thinking in OCD is not as intrusive as it is in hoarding disorder. c. Distress associated with hoarding is not due to conflicts with other people. d. People who hoard typically do not experience pleasure from collecting possessions.
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386
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 194 Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.13 Skill: Factual
True-False Questions 208.
It is normal to be anxious about some aspects of life. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 165 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Factual
209.
Any level of anxiousness is diagnosable. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 165 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Factual
210.
Anxiety is characterized by a wide range of symptoms that cut across physical, behavioral, and cognitive domains. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 166 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Factual
211.
Anxiety is characterized by specific symptoms that are only physical. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 166 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Factual
212.
In the DSM-5, obsessive-compulsive disorder continues to be classified as an anxiety disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 166 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Factual
213.
The term neurosis derives from roots meaning “an abnormal or diseased condition of the nervous system.” ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 165 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1
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387
Skill: Factual 214.
The term “neurosis” has been in all five editions of the DSM. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Factual
215.
Panic attacks have stronger bodily components than other anxiety disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual
216.
Page: 168
Initially, panic attacks are triggered by a specific object or situation. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual
220.
Page: 168
Panic attacks usually develop gradually over several hours. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual
219.
Page: 168
Some people who experience panic attacks believe they are having a heart attack, even though there is nothing wrong with their heart. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual
218.
Page: 168
Most other anxiety disorders have stronger bodily components than panic attacks. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual
217.
Page: 166
Page: 168
Some people are suddenly overtaken by feelings of panic, even though there is no external threat. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder
Page: 168
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388
Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual 221.
Catastrophic misinterpretations of bodily sensations may set into motion a spiraling cycle of anxiety that culminates in full-fledged panic attacks. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.4 Skill: Factual
222.
Antidepressants can be helpful in treating some anxiety disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.4 Skill: Factual
223.
Page: 176
Most phobics do not realize their fears are excessive. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
227.
Page: 172
The word "phobia" comes from the Greek word "phobos," meaning "fear." ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
226.
Page: 172
The same drugs used to treat schizophrenia are also used to treat panic attacks. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.4 Skill: Factual
225.
Page: 172
Antipsychotic drugs are most likely prescribed for treating anxiety disorders. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.4 Skill: Factual
224.
Page: 170
Page: 177
Phobias usually involve fears of the ordinary events in life, not the extraordinary. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1
Page: 176
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389
Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual 228.
Claustrophobia seems to develop later than most other specific phobias, with a mean age of onset of 20 years. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
229.
Anxiety disorders in general and phobic disorders in particular are more common in men than in women. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
230.
Page: 179
Agoraphobia is more common in women than in men. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
234.
Page: 179
Agoraphobia is one of the least incapacitating anxiety disorders. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
233.
Page: 179
Some people are so fearful of leaving their homes they are unable to venture outside even to mail a letter. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
232.
Page: 176
Some anxiety in unfamiliar social situations is normal and adaptive. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
231.
Page: 175
Page: 179
Panic attacks have been associated with agoraphobia.
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390
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual 235.
About 25% of U.S. adults are affected by social anxiety disorder at some point in their lives. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
236.
Page: 181
Genetic factors can predispose people to have anxiety disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Factual
241.
Page: 181
Phobic avoidance behavior is acquired and maintained by means of operant conditioning. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Factual
240.
Page: 181
Phobic avoidance behavior is acquired and maintained by means of classical conditioning. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Factual
239.
Page: 181
The two factors of the two-factor model are classical and operant conditioning. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Factual
238.
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Freud believed that an obsession regarding fear of knives may be a projection of one's own destructive impulses. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Factual
237.
Page: 180
Page: 182
Biological factors play little, if any role in anxiety disorders.
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391
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Factual 242.
We may be genetically predisposed to acquire fears of objects that posed a danger to our ancestors. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Factual
243.
Page: 186
Systematic desensitization is based on the assumption that phobias are genetically inherited. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Factual
248.
Page: 184
Systematic desensitization involves in-vivo exposure to threatening events to help overcome anxiety. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Factual
247.
Page: 184
People with many anxiety disorders are more likely than others to display irrational beliefs. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Factual
246.
Page: 184
Overprediction of fear may have survival value. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Factual
245.
Page: 184
According to cognitive theory, phobias symbolize unconscious conflicts. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.7 Skill: Factual
244.
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Page: 186
The environment plays a very little role in determining whether a person will suffer from a phobia.
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392
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Factual 249.
Gradual exposure involves in-vivo confrontation of threatening events to help overcome anxiety. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Phobic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Factual
250.
Page: 186
Page: 187
People with generalized anxiety disorder tend to be chronic, lifelong worriers. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 190 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual
251.
People with generalized anxiety disorder tend to be calm with “go-with-the-flow” types of personalities. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 190 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual
252.
Generalized anxiety disorder tends to be a temporary problem that fades over time. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 191 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual
253.
Men are more likely to have generalized anxiety disorder than women. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 191 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual
254.
The lifetime prevalence of GAD in the general U.S. population is estimated to be around 20.3% overall. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 191 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual
255.
It may take an hour or more for people with obsessive-compulsive disorder to leave the house.
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393
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 194 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual 256.
Very few compulsions actually involve ritualistic behavior. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 197 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual
257.
Compulsions appear to cause the anxiety associated with obsessive thoughts. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 195 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual
258.
Obsessional thinking helps relieve anxiety. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 194 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual
259.
Many compulsives show deficits in memory tasks. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 196 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual
260.
OCD affects about 2% to 3% of the general population at some points in their lives. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 196 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual
261.
Some people with body dysmorphic disorder try to correct their perceived “defect” with unpleasant medical procedures including unnecessary plastic surgery. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 199 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.12 Skill: Factual
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394
262.
The treatment of choice for body dysmorphic disorder is anti-obsessional medication. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 200 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.12 Skill: Factual
263.
The treatment of choice for body dysmorphic disorder is cognitive-behavioral therapy, typically involving exposure therapy with response prevention. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 200 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.12 Skill: Factual
264.
Hoarding disorder affects an estimated 20% of the general population. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 201 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.13 Skill: Factual
265.
Unpleasant, intrusive thoughts are found in equal intensity in hoarding disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 201 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.13 Skill: Factual
266.
People who hoard show abnormal patterns of activation in parts of the brain involved in processes such as decision making and self-regulation. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 202 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.13 Skill: Factual
Essay Questions 267.
Describe the three domains of anxiety and provide an example of each domain. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 165 Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Factual
268.
Discuss historical changes in the classification of anxiety disorders focusing on the origins of the term, term changes, and the relevance of these terms to the DSM. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 166
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395
Topic: Overview of Anxiety Disorders Learning Objective: 5.1 Skill: Factual 269.
Define and describe the cardinal features of panic disorder. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.3 Skill: Factual
270.
Describe the theoretical explanations of and treatment approaches used for panic disorder. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Panic Disorder Learning Objective: 5.5 Skill: Conceptual
271.
Page: 176
Describe the theoretical explanations and treatment approaches for phobias. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.8 Skill: Conceptual
273.
Page: 173
Explain what phobias are, describing their common features. Also, define and describe specific phobia, social phobia, and agoraphobia. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Phobic Disorders Learning Objective: 5.6 Skill: Factual
272.
Page: 167
Page: 185
Define generalized anxiety disorder and describe its symptoms and prevalence. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 190 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.9 Skill: Factual
274.
Describe the theoretical explanations and treatment approaches for generalized anxiety disorder. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 191 Topic: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Learning Objective: 5.10 Skill: Conceptual
275.
Define obsessions, compulsions, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and describe their symptoms and prevalence. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 194 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Factual
276.
Describe the theoretical explanations and treatment approaches for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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396
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 198 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.11 Skill: Conceptual 277.
Describe the symptoms and treatment of body dysmorphic disorder. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 199 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.12 Skill: Factual
278.
Describe the clinical features of and treatment for hoarding disorder. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 201 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.13 Skill: Factual
279.
Describe the differences between hoarding disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 201 Topic: Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 5.13 Skill: Factual
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397
REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS EOC Q5.1 Physiological arousal, apprehension, and unpleasant feelings of tension describe a) b) c) d)
acute stress anxiety generalized anxiety phobia
Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.1 Describe the prominent physical, behavioral, and cognitive features of anxiety disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q5.2 A general term for anxiety, dissociative, and somatic symptom disorders used throughout much of the 19th century was _ . a) b) c) d)
neuroses psychosis disease mental illness
Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.1 Describe the prominent physical, behavioral, and cognitive features of anxiety disorders. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate
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398
.
EOC Q5.3 According to the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), had lower rates of social anxiety and generalized anxiety disorders than did European Americans. a) b) c) d)
Eastern Europeans Asian Americans Native Americans African Americans and Latinos
Answer: d Learning Objective: 5.2 Evaluate ethnic differences in rates of anxiety disorders. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q5.4 People with panic disorder tend to have low levels of the neurotransmitter certain regions of the brain. a) b) c) d)
in
GABA serotonin glumatate dopamine
Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the leading conceptual model of panic disorder. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q5.5 Reoccurring panic attacks can lead to places. a) b) c) d)
, which is an excessive fear of being in public
social anxiety disorder generalized anxiety disorder agoraphobia claustrophobia
Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.3 Describe the key features of panic attacks. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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399
EOC Q5.6 is a technique that aims at restoring a normal level of carbon dioxide in the blood by having clients breathe slowly and deeply from the abdomen. a) b) c) d)
Deep breathing Suspended breathing Inhalation training Breathing retraining
Answer: d Learning Objective: 5.5 Evaluate methods used to treat panic disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q5.7 According to Mowrer’s two-factor model, the avoidance component of phobias is acquired and maintained through . a) b) c) d)
negative reinforcement negative thoughts observational learning experience
Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.7 Explain the role of learning, cognitive, and biological factors in the development of phobias. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q5.8 People with social anxiety often turn to a) b) c) d)
when preparing for social interactions.
fantasy and Internet activities trusted friends food or distracting activities tranquilizers or alcohol
Answer: d Learning Objective: 5.6 Describe the key features and specific types of phobic disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
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400
EOC Q5.9 Meghan’s fears of flying will likely be treated with difficult to arrange real-life exposure. a) b) c) d)
therapy, because it may be
virtual reality flooding reduced exposure preconditioned learning
Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.8 Evaluate methods used to treat phobic disorders. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q5.10 What is the predominant treatment for generalized anxiety disorder? a) b) c) d)
antidepressant drugs such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) cognitive-behavioral therapy psychodynamic therapy a combination of psychiatric drugs and cognitive-behavioral therapy
Answer: d Learning Objective: 5.10 Describe the theoretical perspective on GAD and identify two major ways of treating it. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q5.11 For most sufferers, generalized anxiety disorder first becomes apparent in _ a) b) c) d)
.
early childhood the pre-teen years to the early teens the mid-teens to mid-20’s the early 30’s
Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.9 Describe generalized anxiety disorder and identify its key features. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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401
EOC Q5.12 A characteristic of disorder is persistent anxiety that is not limited to specific objects, activities, situations, or events. a) b) c) d)
acute stress generalized anxiety social anxiety obsessive-compulsive
Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.9 Describe generalized anxiety disorder and identify its key features. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Easy EOC Q5.13 People with hoarding disorder show abnormal patterns of activation in parts of the brain involved in when thinking about acquiring and discarding possessions. a) b) c) d)
emotional regulation satiety decision making and self-regulation hypervigilance
Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.13 Describe the key features of hoarding disorder. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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402
EOC Q5.14 Rhianna is a 25-year-old graduate student who frequently misses classes because she is afraid of being judged by her peers because of her appearance. Although all her friends tell her she looks just fine, Rhianna believes that her blemishes are unattractive, her hands are too chubby, and her feet are too big. She cannot stop thinking about what she considers to be serious flaws in her appearance. Compared to her friends, Rhianna is likely to . a) b) c) d)
have higher rates of suicidal thinking excel in time management be spontaneous seek out social situations
Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.12 Describe the key features of body dysmorphic disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q5.15 Joshua has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder because of his persistent thoughts about being contaminated and his repetitive washing behavior. He is currently in therapy that involves placing him in a situation that evokes the obsessive thoughts and then prevents him from performing the compulsive washing behavior. This is an example of therapy. a) b) c) d)
exposure with response prevention anxiety control cognitive cognitive-behavioral
Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.11 Describe the key features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and ways of understanding and treating it. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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403
EOM Q5.1.1 Symptoms of anxiety disorders a) b) c) d)
.
can be physical, behavioral, and cognitive are largely inconsistent are undetectable are primarily physical and cognitive
Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.1 Describe the prominent physical, behavioral, and cognitive features of anxiety disorders. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q5.1.2 Harry avoids people, places, and things that are likely triggers for a panic attack. These are examples of features of anxiety. a) b) c) d)
physical psychological social behavioral
Answer: d Learning Objective: 5.1 Describe the prominent physical, behavioral, and cognitive features of anxiety disorders. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q5.1.3 Anxiety is an emotional state characterized by physiological arousal, unpleasant feelings of tension, and a sense of _ . a) b) c) d)
being suffocated hopelessness and despair apprehension or foreboding detachment from oneself or one’s environment
Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.1 Describe the prominent physical, behavioral, and cognitive features of anxiety disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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404
EOM Q5.1.4 The DSM-5 recognizes which of the following specific types of anxiety disorders? a) b) c) d)
panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder panic disorder, phobic disorders, and generalized anxiety disorder panic disorder, phobic disorder, generalized anxiety, and dissociative disorder panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, acute stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder
Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.1 Describe the prominent physical, behavioral, and cognitive features of anxiety disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q5.1.5 What does research from epidemiological studies suggest about children from ethnic minority groups that face extreme hardship early in life? a) b) c) d)
The children learn coping skills to deal with stressors later in life. The children are likely to develop anxiety disorders in adulthood. The children frequently deny feelings of anxiety as an adult. The children are likely to avoid social contact in adulthood.
Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.2 Evaluate ethnic differences in rates of anxiety disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q5.2.1 Which disorder has a stronger bodily component than other forms of anxiety disorders? a) b) c) d)
generalized anxiety disorder panic disorder post-traumatic stress disorder phobic disorders
Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.3 Describe the key features of panic attacks. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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405
EOM Q5.2.2 In panic attacks, misattributions about physiological reactions induce intense anxiety and activation of the . a) b) c) d)
central nervous system limbic system sympathetic nervous system parasympathetic nervous system
Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the leading conceptual model of panic disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q5.2.3 What inhibitory neurotransmitter helps to quell the body’s response to stress? a) b) c) d)
serotonin norepinephrine glutamate GABA
Answer: d Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the leading conceptual model of panic disorder. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q5.2.4 Maria wants the treatment for her panic disorder that will lead to the best long-term results. Her therapist advises a course of therapy involving . a) b) c) d)
drug therapy with antidepressant medication psychodynamic therapy cognitive-behavioral therapy a combination of drug and cognitive-behavioral therapy
Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.5 Evaluate methods used to treat panic disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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406
EOM Q5.2.5 People with high levels of misattribute underlying causes that intensify their anxiety reactions. a) b) c) d)
signs of anxiety to dire
anxiety sensitivity; bodily epinephrine and norepinephrine; bodily sympathetic arousal; cognitive anxiety sensitivity; emotional
Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.4 Describe the leading conceptual model of panic disorder. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q5.3.1 Which therapy overcomes phobias via exposure, though the use of slides or imagination, to gradually more fearful stimuli? a) b) c) d)
flooding systematic desensitization operant conditioning observational learning
Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.8 Evaluate methods used to treat phobic disorders. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q5.3.2 Alejandro cringes and feels panic-stricken every time he drives over a suspension bridge. Which cognitive factor associated with phobias best describes his fear reaction? a) b) c) d)
expecting a bridge collapse prepared conditioning oversensitivity to threatening cues self-defeating thoughts and irrational beliefs
Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.7 Explain the role of learning, cognitive, and biological factors in the development of phobias. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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407
EOM Q5.3.3 Anxiety disorders are more common in a) b) c) d)
.
men than women older men and younger women women than men older women and younger men
Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.6 Describe the key features and specific types of phobic disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q5.3.4 Which brain structure produces fear responses to triggering stimuli without conscious thought? a) b) c) d)
cingulate gyrus hippocampus amygdala hypothalamus
Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.7 Explain the role of learning, cognitive, and biological factors in the development of phobias. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q5.3.5 Which anxiety disorder involves a significant fear of being judged negatively by others? a) b) c) d)
social phobia generalized anxiety disorder mixed phobia agoraphobia
Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.6 Describe the key features and specific types of phobic disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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408
EOM Q5.4.1 The lifetime prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder in the general U.S. population is estimated to be almost overall. a) b) c) d)
1% 6% 10% 16%
Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.9 Describe generalized anxiety disorder and identify its key features. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q5.4.2 For the past few years, Juan has been unable to shake his feelings of anxiety. He constantly worries about his job, his marriage, and his health. Juan’s wife believes his concerns are blown out of proportion and gets frustrated because Juan seems to worry about everything, all the time. Juan is most likely suffering from which disorder? a) b) c) d)
generalized anxiety disorder panic disorder phobic disorder social anxiety disorder
Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.9 Describe generalized anxiety disorder and identify its key features. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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409
EOM Q5.4.3 Medications that specifically target the neurotransmitter GABA are effective in treating some people with generalized anxiety disorder because they . a) b) c) d)
tone down the central nervous system activate emotional centers of the brain make sensory systems more acute dull memories for unpleasant events
Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.10 Describe the theoretical perspective on GAD and identify two major ways of treating it. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q5.4.4 Because people seem to carry it from situation to situation, the type of anxiety observed in GAD can be characterized as . a) b) c) d)
situational temporary free floating freely accessible
Answer: c Learning Objective: 5.9 Describe generalized anxiety disorder and identify its key features. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q5.4.5 Compared to men, women are a) b) c) d)
likely to suffer from generalized anxiety disorder.
about twice as about half as equally slightly less
Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.9 Describe generalized anxiety disorder and identify its key features. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Easy
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410
EOM Q5.5.1 A study of fMRI scans of individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) revealed compared to the non-BDD control group members. a) b) c) d)
more activation in the left cerebral hemisphere no difference in the scans of the BDD group and the non-BDD group more activation in the right cerebral hemisphere more activation in the amygdala
Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.12 Describe the key features of body dysmorphic disorder. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q5.5.2 A cognitive factor linked to the development of OCD is a) b) c) d)
.
inability to consider alternative solutions to problems perfectionism, or belief that one must perform flawlessly abstract thinking patterns concrete thinking patterns
Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.11 Describe the key features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and ways of understanding and treating it. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q5.5.3 The compulsion to hoard found with individuals with hoarding disorder has an important emotional component. This component is characterized by the need to accumulate and retain possessions . a) b) c) d)
in order to provide basic needs in case of a disaster as a means of exerting dominance and control over family members as a means of satisfying sensation-seeking needs in order to feel a sense of security
Answer: d Learning Objective: 5.13 Describe the key features of hoarding disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Difficult
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411
EOM Q5.5.4 Michael spends several hours a day checking his face for blemishes and grooming his hair. He attempts to cover his perceived facial defects with makeup but is never satisfied. Although an attractive man, Michael sees only his physical imperfections. Michael would most likely be given a DSM-5 diagnosis of . a) b) c) d)
body dysmorphic disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder generalized anxiety disorder delusional disorder
Answer: a Learning Objective: 5.12 Describe the key features of body dysmorphic disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q5.5.5 One biological theory of OCD posits that the compulsive aspects of OCD result from abnormalities in brain circuits that normally constrain . a) b) c) d)
obsessional thoughts repetitive behaviors anxiety the cerebral cortex
Answer: b Learning Objective: 5.11 Describe the key features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and ways of understanding and treating it. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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412
Total Assessment Guide Topic Learning Objective Introduction
Learning Objective 6.1
Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 6.2
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 6.3
Learning Objective 6.4
Learning Objective 6.5
Learning Objective 6.6
Learning Objective 6.7
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
Factual 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 55, 57, 60, 62, 63, 65, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335 74, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 91, 92, 93, 95, 97, 98, 99 336, 337, 338 407 101, 103, 104, 105, 106
111, 112, 115
Conceptual 3, 5
Applied 9
401 25, 26, 35
10, 21
402, 403 59, 68
45, 46, 51, 52, 54, 56, 58, 61, 64, 66
404, 405, 406 94, 96
75, 77
102
100
107, 108, 109, 110, 113, 114
339, 340 116, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128 341, 342, 343, 344 409 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 150, 151, 152,
408 117, 118, 127
153
138, 145, 148, 149
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413
Topic
Factual 154
Learning Objective 6.8
Learning Objective 6.9
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
345, 346, 347, 348
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
349, 350, 351
True-False
Learning Objective 6.10
Essay Multiple Choice True-False
Learning Objective 6.11
Learning Objective 6.12
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 6.13
Learning Objective 6.14
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 6.15
Conceptual
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Applied
410, 411, 412 155, 157, 158, 159
160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172 352, 353, 354, 356, 357 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 183 358, 359, 360, 361, 362 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194 363, 364, 365, 366 415 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 208, 214
156
413 166
173, 174
181, 182, 184, 185
179
414 186
201, 204, 205, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213
202, 203
416
418
227, 234, 243, 262
418 229, 231, 237
420 275
273
367, 368, 369, 370, 371 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220 372 417 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 228, 230, 232, 233, 235, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 263 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381 419 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387
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414
Topic Learning Objective 6.16
Learning Objective 6.17
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False
Learning Objective 6.18
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay
Factual 421 283, 284, 285, 286, 287 388, 389 423 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396 424 298, 299, 300, 302, 303 397, 398, 399, 400
Conceptual 422
Applied
288, 297
301
425
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415
6 Dissociative Disorders, Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders, and Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Multiple-Choice Questions 1. The DSM-5 name for multiple personality disorder is . a. dissociative fugue c. depersonalization disorder b. dissociative identity disorder d. dissociative conversion ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
Page: 207
2. In earlier versions of the DSM, dissociative disorders were classified with general term . a. somatoform; psychosomatic disorders b. memory; neurosis c. neurological; psychosomatic disorders d. anxiety; neurosis ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
disorders under the
Page: 208
3. In DSM-5, disorders involving physical symptoms with a psychological basis are known as a. psychosomatic c. physioform b. somatogenic d. somatic symptom and related disorders ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual
disorders.
Page: 208
4. Dissociative and somatic symptom and related disorders were categorized as DSM. a. neuroses c. affective disorders b. psychoses d. personality disorders
in early editions of the
ANSWER: A
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416
Level of Difficulty (1-3):2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
Page: 208
5. In earlier versions of the DSM, dissociative and somatic symptom and related disorders were classified under the general category of “neurosis” based on the psychodynamic model, which holds that dissociative and somatic symptom and related disorders involve maladaptive ways of managing . a, anxiety c. depression b. addiction d. mania ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual
Page: 208
6. People with disorders may report blindness or numbness, although no organic basis can be detected. a. anxiety b. somatic symptom c. dissociative d. hysterical ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
Page: 208
7. The DSM-5 breaks tradition with the historic earliest editions of the DSM by the other classical categories of neuroses—the dissociative and somatic symptom and related disorders. a. separating the anxiety disorders from b. combining the mood disorders with c. combining the anxiety disorders with d. separating the mood disorders from ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
Page: 208
8. Many practitioners continue to use the broad conceptualization of as a useful framework for grouping together anxiety disorders, dissociative disorders, and somatic symptom and related disorders. a. mood disorders c. psychoses b. neuroses d. somatic symptom disorders ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
Page: 208
9. Larry woke up this morning and found himself totally blind. His physician can find no organic basis for his blindness. Larry doesn't appear to be worried about his loss of sight. In fact, he's almost indifferent to it. He
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417
is suffering from a(n) a. anxiety b. somatic symptom
disorder.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Applied 10.
Page: 208
.
Page: 209
is describes as an inability to recall important personal material that cannot be accounted for by medical causes. a. Depersonalization-derealization disorder c. Dissociative identity disorder b. Dissociative conversion d. Dissociative amnesia ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
13. a. b.
Page: 208
is defined by the emergence of two or more distinct personalities. Depersonalization-derealization disorder c. Dissociative amnesia Dissociative identity disorder d. Dissociative conversion
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 14.
Page: 208
A disorder characterized by disruption of identity, memory, or consciousness is a. a somatic symptom disorder c. a dissociative disorder b. a personality disorder d. a psychotic disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
12.
dissociative adjustment
Andre shows no signs of overt anxiety, but says he can no longer remember who he is. He claims he cannot recognize any of his close family members, even though there is nothing medically wrong with him. Andre is suffering from a(n) disorder. a. anxiety c. dissociative b. somatic symptom d. adjustment ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Applied
11.
c. d.
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Episodes of feeling detached from one’s self or one’s body or having a sense of unreality about one’s surroundings characterize . a. dissociative identity disorder
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418
b. c. d.
depersonalization-derealization disorder dissociative amnesia dissociative conversion
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 15.
The key feature of disorders is a change or disturbance in the functions of identity, memory, or consciousness that normally make an individual psychologically whole. a. anxiety c. dissociative b. somatoform d. adjustment ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
16. a. b.
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Laypersons often confuse dissociative identity disorder with a. autism b. bipolar illness c. dissociative amnesia d. schizophrenia ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
18.
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is the emergence of two or more distinct personalities. Dissociative fugue c. Dissociative identity disorder Dissociative amnesia d. Depersonalization-derealization disorder
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 17.
Page: 208
.
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Individuals with dissociative identity disorders show than what is noted with individual with schizophrenia. a. more hallucinatory experiences and delusional behavior b. more integrated functioning on cognitive, affective, and behavioral levels c. less integrated functioning on cognitive, affective, and behavioral levels d. less affective constriction ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 209
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419
19.
The word “schizophrenia” comes from Greek roots meaning a. multiple selves b. fragmented mind c. split mind d. integrated mind ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
20.
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For an individual with dissociative identity disorder, the sudden transformation of one personality into another may be experienced as . a. a form of possession b. an epileptic-like seizure c. an overwhelming sense of urgency d. a calming reassurance ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
23.
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Martin claims to have 16 different personalities, each with its own unique traits and memories, living inside him. If his claims are accurate, he is suffering from . a. schizophrenia c. depersonalization disorder b. schizoid personality disorder d. dissociative identity disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Applied
22.
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The term is now used to describe what used to be called multiple personality disorder. a. schizotypal personality disorder c. dissociative identity disorder b. depersonalization disorder d. schizoid personality disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
21.
.
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In dissociative identity disorder, the main personality is known as the a. nucleus c. captain b. host d. center ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
.
Page: 209
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420
24.
In dissociative identity cases, the theme of a. different emotional disorders b. differing abilities in the same career c. teacher or boss and student or employee d. shifting sexual orientation ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
25.
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In dissociative identity disorder, the main or dominant personality personalities. a. may or may not know of b. always is aware of c. never is aware of d. cannot be aware of ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
28.
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Which of the following statements about dissociative identity disorder is true? a. The disorder is found in virtually all major cultures throughout the world. b. There is no controversy surrounding its validity. c. Some clinicians may unknowingly “cue” clients about the features of multiple personality. d. Increased public attention to the disorder has definitively not increased the number of individuals attempting to “fake” the disorder so that they may be absolved of legal or moral responsibilities. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Conceptual
27.
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In most cases of dissociative identity disorder, which of the following best describes the relationship of the dominant personality to the alter personalities? a. The dominant personality remains unaware of the existence of the alter personalities. b. The core personality is abusive of the alter personality. c. The dominant personality is always older than the alter personalities. d. The dominant personality is ashamed of the alter personalities. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Conceptual
26.
is particularly common.
the existence of other
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Dissociative identity disorder does appear to be culture-bound and largely restricted to a. the rural poor of a given country b. North America c. the Midwest of the United States d. English-speaking countries
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421
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 29.
Dissociative identity disorder is found primarily in . a. Europe c. Africa b. Asia d. North America ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
30.
A recent survey in Japan found a. not a single case b. only a few cases ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
32.
psychiatrists and psychologists have encountered
Page: 211
of dissociative identity disorder. c. several hundred cases d. several thousand cases
Page: 211
A survey of psychiatrists in Switzerland found that dissociative identity disorder. a. 30 c. 70 b. 50 d. 90 ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
33.
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Among clinicians in North America, someone with multiple personalities. a. a large number of b. about half of all practicing c. relatively few d. about two-thirds of all practicing ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
31.
Page: 211
percent of them had never seen a case of
Page: 211
A leading authority on dissociative identity disorder who did not believe it was really a distinct disorder was . a. Theodore Reik c. Nicholas Spanos b. John Warkentin d. Virginia Satir
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422
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 34.
Nicholas Spanos believed that dissociative identity is not a distinct disorder, but describes it as a form of which of the following? a. An extreme mood disorder c. Brain damage b. Role playing d. A form of schizophrenia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
35.
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What percent of people with multiple personalities studied in Canada had attempted suicide? a. 12 c. 52 b. 32 d. 72 ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
38.
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The presence of individuals claiming to have dissociative identity disorder has been observed to spread . a. on college campuses c. in inpatient psychiatric units b. in housing projects d. in Australia and New Zealand ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
37.
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According to the text, which of the following is the likely explanation for why some clinicians seem to “discover” many more cases of dissociative identity disorder than others? a. The social reinforcement model b. There are many more skilled clinicians specializing in this field. c. The disorder has a strong genetic basis. d. It tends to be localized in certain parts of North America where these clinicians practice. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Conceptual
36.
Page: 211
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The most common type of dissociative disorder is believed to be . a. dissociative identity disorder c. depersonalization disorder b. dissociative fugue d. dissociative amnesia ANSWER: D
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423
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual 39.
Psychogenic amnesia is the original name for what is now called . a. dissociative amnesia c. dissociative fugue b. retrograde amnesia d. depersonalization-derealization disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
40.
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The memory loss in dissociative amnesia is . a. permanent b. specifically for names of people and places c. reversible d. is best treated by a cognitive-behavioral approach ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
43.
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Sudden loss of ability to recall important personal information, usually related to traumatic or stressful experiences, in the absence of any physical trauma to the brain or drug intoxication characterizes a. dissociative fugue c. retrograde amnesia b. dissociative amnesia d. depersonalization-derealization disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
42.
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The inability to recall important personal information that cannot be accounted for by medical causes or simple forgetting is known as . a. dissociative identity disorder c. depersonalization-derealization disorder b. dissociative amnesia d. dissociative fugue ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
41.
Page: 212
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Which of the following statements is true regarding dissociative amnesia? a. The person may be confused about his or her personal identity or assumes a new identity. b. The person may start a new family or business. c. Information lost to memory is usually of traumatic or stressful experiences. d. The person may feel as if he or she were living in a dream or acting like a robot. ANSWER: C
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424
.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual 44.
The types of things people “forget” with dissociative amnesia tend to be memories of a. early sexual experiences c. classroom material b. early childhood years d. stressful or traumatic events ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
45.
There are a. two b. three
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Page: 212
types of dissociative amnesia. c. four d. five
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual 48.
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Margaret suddenly lost her memory for important aspects of her life like her friends, family, job, and home. Nothing is wrong physically with Margaret and she is diagnosed with dissociative amnesia. Margaret’s amnesia was most likely precipitated by . a. brain damage c. a psychotic breakdown b. a psychological trauma d. a nervous breakdown ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Applied
47.
.
Ollie wakes up one morning and can't remember who he is or who any of his friends or relatives are. He can't remember where he works or even where he lives. A physician is unable to find anything physically wrong with Ollie's brain, although Ollie's friends say he's recently been under some stress. Ollie is probably suffering from . a. dissociative fugue c. retrograde amnesia b. dissociative amnesia d. depersonalization-derealization disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Applied
46.
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Page: 212
Which of the following is one of the types of dissociative amnesia? a. Restricted c. Systemized b. Intermittent d. Organized ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 212
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425
Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual 49.
The most commonly occurring type of dissociative amnesia is . a. selective amnesia c. localized amnesia b. generalized amnesia d. continuous amnesia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
50.
The type of dissociative amnesia in which all events occurring within a specific time period are forgotten, typically those involving some stressful event that happened during that time period, is called amnesia. a. selective c. localized b. generalized d. systematized ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
51.
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Years ago, Julie had an extramarital affair. While she can remember the period of time in which the affair took place, including all the details of her marriage and family life, she cannot remember the affair itself. She is suffering from amnesia. a. selective c. localized b. intermittent d. systematized ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Applied
53.
Page: 212
Sandy was recently involved in a horrifying car accident. She was lucky to emerge from the accident with only minor physical injuries. However, she can't remember anything that happened from about two hours before the accident until she woke up in the hospital the next day. She is suffering from amnesia. a. selective c. localized b. generalized d. systematized ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Applied
52.
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The type of dissociative amnesia in which people forget only the disturbing or stressful events which took place in a given time period, but remember everything else about that time period, is called amnesia. a. selective c. localized b. intermittent d. systematized
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ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual 54.
Carla has forgotten her entire life. She cannot remember who she is, what career she is pursuing, where she lives, or with whom she lives. Although she retains all of her habits, tastes, skills, and objective knowledge, she has forgotten all personal information that would reveal her identity. She is suffering from amnesia. a. selective c. localized b. generalized d. continuous ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Applied
55.
Page: 213
Page: 213
A form of dissociative amnesia in which the person forgets everything that occurred from a particular point in time up to and including the present is amnesia. a. localized c. generalized b. selective d. continuous ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
58.
.
Rosa experienced a highly traumatic sexual assault and forgot everything from the time of the assault to the present. Rosa is suffering from amnesia. a. localized c. generalized b. selective d. continuous ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Applied
57.
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The type of dissociative amnesia in which people forget their entire lives, repressing all personal information while retaining objective information and personal skills, tastes, and habits, is called a. selective c. localized b. generalized d. continuous ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
56.
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When Howard’s sister goes to visit him, he claims that he does not have a sister and has no memories of her. He recalls every other aspect of his family and past but has lost all memories of her. Howard is suffering from amnesia. a. systematized c. localized
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b.
generalized
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Applied 59.
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Falsely claiming amnesia as a means of escaping responsibility is an example of a. malingering c. dissembling b. loafing d. obfuscating ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
63.
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The text cites a case example about Rutger, a businessman who was hospitalized for a few days after becoming dazed and losing his identity. The amnesia Rutger was showing for the period between entering the emergency room and the morning he regained his memory for prior events is an example of . a. generalized amnesia c. selective amnesia b. localized amnesia d. depersonalization ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Applied
62.
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The text cites a case example about Rutger, a businessman who was hospitalized for a few days after becoming dazed and losing his identity. Upon admission to the hospital, Rutger was diagnosed with . a. generalized amnesia c. selective amnesia b. localized amnesia d. schizophrenia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
61.
selective
The text cites a case example about Rutger, a businessman who was hospitalized for a few days after becoming dazed and losing his identity. Rutger was suffering from . a. depersonalization disorder c. dissociative fugue b. dissociative identity disorder d. dissociative amnesia ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Conceptual
60.
d.
.
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Fred, a middle-aged man, recently traveled to Las Vegas. While driving in a rented car, he struck and killed a young child. Fred was hospitalized for several days due to his own injuries. At the hospital, Fred claims to have no memory of renting the car or having the accident in which he killed the child. He recalls flying
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428
to Las Vegas and being in the ambulance. The type of memory loss Fred is experiencing is a. localized amnesia b. continuous amnesia c. systematized amnesia d. generalized amnesia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual 64.
.
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Norman is a mystery. He experienced a sudden loss of memory, left his home in New York and traveled to California where he established identity for himself. He has no memory of his life in New York and had filled his mind with bogus memories which he doesn't realize are not genuine. He is suffering from . a. dissociative fugue c. depersonalization-derealization disorder b. dissociative amnesia d. dissociative identity disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Applied
67.
Page: 213
The word "fugue" derives its meaning from the term meaning a. lost c. flight b. fight d. to wander ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
66.
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Years ago, Mandy had a very "messy" extramarital affair. While she still remembers the affair, when thoughtless people bring it up in conversation, she claims to have no memory of the affair or person with whom she had it. Mandy's pretending to have amnesia is a form of . a. malingering c. dissociative fugue b. loafing d. depersonalization ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Applied
65.
.
Page: 213
While in a dissociative fugue, the person may appear a. unusually agitated but show no other b. interpersonally distant and show moderate c. “normal” and show no other d. mute and show obvious ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2
signs of mental disturbance.
Page: 213
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429
Skill: Factual 68.
Which of the following is true of people in a fugue state? a. Their new identity is usually more withdrawn and inhibited than their original personality. b. Their sense of self usually returns in a matter of hours or days. c. They act less purposefully than people with amnesia. d. While they typically regain most memory of their original identity, they always retain all memories of their activities during the fugue state. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Conceptual
69.
Which of the following statements is true? a. Fugue and amnesia are both relatively common disorders. b. While fugue is rare, amnesia is relatively common. c. While amnesia is rare, fugue is relatively common. d. Fugue and amnesia are both relatively rare disorders. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
70.
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Dissociative fugue can be difficult to distinguish from . a. amnesia c. malingering b. multiple personality d. schizoid personality disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
72.
Page: 213
Dissociative fugue has been most likely to occur as a result of . a. a jail sentence c. breakup of a significant relationship b. war or a comparable disaster d. a financial disaster ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
71.
Page: 213
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The text cites a case example of Burt, a man who unknowingly moved 2,000 miles away from his wife and family and established a new life in a new city. Although Burt knew which town he was in and the current date, he could not recognize his past nor was he concerned about this lack of recognition. Burt was suffering from . a. dissociative identity disorder c. dissociative amnesia b. depersonalization disorder d. dissociative fugue ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 215
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430
Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual 73.
The text cites a case example of Burt, a man who unknowingly moved 2,000 miles away from his wife and family and established a new life in a new city. He was suffering from a dissociative fugue state. The life factor in Burt’s history that apparently led to his symptoms was . a. a traumatic automobile accident c. a painful divorce b. job-related stress d. early childhood sexual abuse ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
74.
A temporary loss or change in the usual sense of one's own reality, in which a person feels detached from mind or body is called . a. amnesia c. depersonalization b. fugue d. derealization ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual
75.
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A person who feels as if he or she were living in a dream world or acting like a robot most likely suffers from . a. depersonalization-derealization disorder c. dissociative fugue b. dissociative amnesia d. dissociative identity disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual
77.
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Millie feels as if she is a robot, watching herself from outside her body as she begins kissing her new boyfriend. This feeling of being in a dream or operating on "automatic pilot" happens to her whenever she begins to get emotionally aroused. She appears to be suffering from . a. dissociative identity disorder c. depersonalization-derealization disorder b. dissociative fugue d. unconscious realization ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Applied
76.
Page: 215
Page: 216
Jillian is talking with her best friend when she begins to feel anxious, dizzy, and fears that she might be "going crazy." Time seems to be passing in slow-motion and her friend appears to be the size of a toy babydoll. The feelings and sensations slowly fade as her senses return to normal. Jillian has just suffered an episode of . a. dissociative fugue c. depersonalization b. episodic psychosis d. derealization
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431
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Applied 78.
Changes in perception of surroundings, or in the passage of time, in which people or objects may seem to change their size and shape and time may appear to pass more slowly, are called . a. delusions c. depersonalization b. fugue d. derealization ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual
79.
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Which of the following is true of people with depersonalization? a. They do not know who they are. b. They maintain contact with reality, even during a depersonalization episode. c. The feelings of depersonalization tend to come on gradually and fade suddenly. d. Their memories are rarely intact and they do not seem to know where they are. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3):2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual
82.
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Losing one's sense of reality in one's surroundings by experiencing strange changes in the environment or passage of time is known as . a. derealization c. depersonalization b. fugue d. delusion ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual
81.
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Derealization is most commonly associated with . a. dissociative amnesia c. dissociative identity disorder b. depersonalization disorder d. dissociative fugue ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual
80.
Page: 216
Page: 217
In depersonalization, the feelings of depersonalization come on a. gradually; gradually c. gradually; suddenly b. suddenly; gradually d. suddenly; suddenly
and fade
ANSWER: B
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432
.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual 83.
According to the DSM-5, single, brief episodes of depersonalization are experienced by about adults. a. one-fourth c. one-half b. one-third d. two-thirds ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual
84.
.
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Which of the following statements is true? a. Total amnesia concerning childhood trauma is common. b. Research evidence indicates that recovered memories are bogus. c. False memories lack the personal and specific incidental detail of real events. d. Recovered memories often occur following suggestive probing by a therapist or hypnotist. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
87.
Page: 216
Most adults who experience depersonalization do so a. after long periods of sleep deprivation b. during periods of extreme stress c. during major life changes d. after periods of prolonged physical exertion ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual
86.
Page: 216
About percent of people in the general population have at least one episode of depersonalization/derealization at some point in their lives. a. 30 c. 70 b. 50 d. 90 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual
85.
Page: 217
Page: 215
A leading memory expert who is known for her research into recovered memories is a. Bem c. Mahler b. Loftus d. Halpern ANSWER: B
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433
.
of all
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual 88.
With regard to the issue of false memory, the text emphasizes that . a. memory is like a camera b. memories recovered during a psychotherapy session can always be trusted to be free of bias and factual c. memory is not like a camera; it is reconstructive d. scientists do have the tools to distinguish between real and false memories ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
89.
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The text cites a case example of Richie, who became shaky and dizzy at Disney World. Richie thought he was going "crazy" when time slowed down and he began to perceive people around him as mechanical creatures. Richie was suffering from an episode of . a. dissociative fugue c. depersonalization b. dissociative amnesia d. malingering ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual
92.
.
The distinction between true and false memories of sexual abuse . a. must rely on lie detector tests b. can be assessed validly with psychological tests c. can be validly assessed through specialized structured interview techniques by legitimate experts d. is not possible at this time ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
91.
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Experimental evidence shows that false memories can be created, especially with a. exposure to a situational cue that resembles past experiences b. suggestive probing by a therapist or hypnotist c. when the client has a history of parental abuse d. when the client is struggling with depression and loneliness ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual
90.
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A key feature of is episodes characterized by feelings of detachment from one’s thoughts, feelings, or sensations, or from one’s surroundings. a. dissociative identity disorder
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b. c. d.
generalized anxiety disorder social anxiety disorder depersonalization-derealization disorder
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual 93.
Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for depersonalization disorder? a. The depersonalization experiences are discomforting but do not create marked distress. b. The individual is unable to maintain reality testing during the depersonalization state. c. The depersonalization experiences cannot be attributed to other disorders. d. The depersonalization experiences are accompanied by auditory hallucinations and disordered thinking. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual
94.
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Page: 218
Depersonalization is most closely related to disorders. a. psychotic c. anxiety b. bipolar d. adjustment ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Conceptual
97.
.
The only dissociative disorder in which anxiety is present and there is no disturbance of memory is a. dissociative amnesia c. dissociative identity disorder b. dissociative fugue d. depersonalization-derealization disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual
96.
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Depersonalization is different from other dissociative disorders in that it a. protects the individual from anxiety b. is not associated with anxiety c. involves distortion of one's sense of identity d. frequently generates anxiety ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Conceptual
95.
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In the college student case of depersonalization described in the text, the student experienced
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.
during the period of his disorder. a. inability to develop a relationship with a girl b. improvement in his grades c. many physical complaints which he took to his college’s health center d. too much substance abuse ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual 98.
Evidence suggests that depersonalization and derealization experiences are a. equally rare in both individualistic and collectivistic cultures b. more common in individualistic cultures than in collectivistic cultures c. more common in collectivistic cultures than in individualistic cultures d. quite common in both individualistic and collectivistic cultures ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual
99.
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.
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Unlike other forms of dissociative disorders that seem to protect the self from anxiety, depersonalization and derealization can lead to . a. aggression and acting out b. the deterioration of the sufferer’s cognitive processes c. anxiety and in turn to avoidance behavior d. depression and lethargy ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual
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100. When John was traveling in Southeast Asia, he observed a man suddenly become highly excited, violently attack other people and throw items around the marketplace. He was later told by a friend that the man quickly recovered and had no memory of his aggressive behavior. The friend pointed out that the man had a culture-bound syndrome called . a. Zar b. Amok c. Koro d. Dhat ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.4 Skill: Applied
Page: 218
101. "Amok" is a culture-bound syndrome occurring primarily in . a. North Africa c. Caribbean Island cultures b. Pacific Island cultures d. Brazil
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ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 218
102. "Amok" shares common features with the Western concept of disorder. a. anxiety c. obsessive-compulsive b. conversion d. dissociative ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.4 Skill: Conceptual
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103. A culture-bound disorder in which a person enters a trance-like state, suddenly becomes highly excited and violently attacks other people or destroys objects and later claims to have no memory of the episode, is called . a. amok c. dhat b. koro d. zar ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.4 Skill: Factual
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104. A culture-bound disorder in which people have episodes of unusual behavior ranging from shouting to banging their heads against a wall is known as . a. amok c. dhat b. koro d. zar ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.4 Skill: Factual
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105. The disorder known as "zar" is found primarily in . a. North Africa and the Middle East c. Caribbean Island cultures b. Pacific Island cultures d. Asia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 218
106. Cultures in which the disorder known as "zar" is found attribute it mainly to a. spirit possession c. lack of religious fervor b. natural causes d. stress ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders
.
Page: 218
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Learning Objective: 6.4 Skill: Factual 107. According to psychodynamic theory, dissociative disorders involve the massive use of a. regression c. repression b. projection d. reaction formation ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.5 Skill: Conceptual
.
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108. According to psychodynamic theory, repression serves the purpose of splitting unacceptable impulses and painful memories off from consciousness in which of the following disorders? a. Dissociative disorders c. Anxiety disorders b. Somatoform disorders d. Mood disorders ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.5 Skill: Conceptual
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109. Social-cognitive theorists view dissociation as a. repressing c. b. negatively reinforcing d. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.5 Skill: Conceptual
disturbed acts of thoughts. extinguishing distancing oneself from
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110. Using the concepts of social-cognitive theory, which of the following statements is true regarding dissociative disorders? a. Dissociative identity disorder is a form of role-playing acquired through observational learning and reinforcement. b. By splitting and repressing guilt or shame, anxiety associated with dissociative disorders is also alleviated. c. Dissociation is a learned response that involves manipulating events for reinforcement. d. The habit of not thinking about disturbing acts or thoughts is negatively reinforced by generating anxiety and feelings of guilt or shame. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.5 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 219
111. Recent research has shown evidence of differences in between people with depersonalization disorder and healthy subjects. a. secretion of pancreatic enzymes c. brain metabolic activity b. levels of acetylcholine d. size of the pituitary gland ANSWER: C
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 219
112. Recent evidence points to irregularity in brain functioning while behaviors. a. sleeping b. having sex c. eating d. playing music ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.5 Skill: Factual
for those with dissociative
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113. The diathesis-stress model would predict that . a. the severity of sexual abuse would be correlated with the likelihood of development of dissociative identity disorder b. abused children who develop dissociative identity disorder would have a personality proneness for the disorder c. the development of dissociative identity disorder in sexually abused children would depend on the supportiveness of the child’s environment d. dissociative identity disorder would only occur in sexually abused children who kept the abuse secret from everyone else ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.5 Skill: Conceptual
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114. According to the diathesis-stress model, is a characteristic that makes a sexually abused child more prone to develop dissociative identity disorder. a. timidity c. hypnotizability b. aggressiveness d. unimaginativeness ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.5 Skill: Conceptual
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115. Dissociative amnesia and fugue are usually . a. transient and disappear slowly over time b. chronic and rarely disappear without professional treatment c. recurrent and persistent d. fleeting experiences that end abruptly ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 220
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116. Episodes of depersonalization are most likely to occur . a. totally at random b. when people are involved in work requiring intense concentration c. when people are undergoing periods of mild anxiety or depression d. when people are relaxed and have "let their guard down" ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Factual
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117. Therapists help people deal with dissociative identity disorder by . a. helping people learn more effective coping behaviors for current problems caused by the disorder b. helping people find their "true selves" and actualize their hidden potential c. teaching people to change maladaptive thoughts and irrational beliefs d. helping people learn to uncover and cope with early childhood trauma ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Conceptual
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118. Psychotherapy often recommends that patients with dissociative identity disorder establish direct contact with their other personalities. As a result, the alters are woven into a cohesive self. This is known as . a. fragmentation b. derealization c. integration d. EMDR ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Conceptual
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119. Reports on the effectiveness of psychoanalytic and other forms of therapy, such as behavior therapy, in treating dissociative disorders rely mostly on uncontrolled studies. a. case c. naturalistic observation b. correlational d. experimental ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Factual
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120. The Coons (1986) study found that of patients with dissociative identity disorder were completely reintegrated using psychodynamic treatment methods. a. 25 percent c. 75 percent b. 50 percent d. 100 percent ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders
Page: 221
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Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Factual 121.
have been developed to help people with multiple personalities integrate their alter personalities. a. No drugs c. Several mild tranquilizers b. Several antidepressant drugs d. Several major tranquilizers ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Factual
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122. What has hampered efforts to conduct controlled experiments that compare different forms of treatments for dissociative disorders? a. The relative infrequency of the disorder b. Lack of public interest c. Lack of funding d. The fact that the disorder doesn’t even exist ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Factual
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123. There is compelling evidence of a connection between dissociative identity disorder and a. damage to the cerebellum b. childhood abuse c. adjustment problems during adolescence d. a family history of borderline personality development ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Tying It Together Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 222
124. Physical or sexual abuse of a child by a relative or of dissociative disorders. a. teacher c. caretaker b. priest d. doctor ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Tying It Together Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Factual 125. Researchers report that abused in childhood. a. 16-25 b. 36-45
.
is most frequently involved in the development
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percent of people with dissociative identity disorder had been sexually c. d.
56-75 76-95
ANSWER: D
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Tying It Together Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 222
126. The psychological disorder most closely linked to a history of child abuse is a. conversion disorder c. dissociative fugue b. dissociative identity disorder d. depersonalization disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Tying It Together Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Factual
.
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127. Dissociative identity disorder appears to . a. serve an escape function by blocking out painful memories of abuse b. serve a wish-fulfillment role for people with inadequate self-esteem and poor self-identity development c. be statistically linked to a family history of paranoid schizophrenia d. result from the id breaking through into conscious awareness ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Conceptual
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128. A cross-cultural similarity to the US was noted with a study in Turkey, which showed that the great majority of dissociative identity disorder patients reported . a. parental disengagement during childhood b. living with an alcoholic parent during childhood c. sexual or physical abuse in childhood d. marital discord between their parents during childhood ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Tying It Together Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Factual
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129. The word "soma" derives from the Greek word meaning a. illness c. fantasy b. body d. exaggerate
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 130. Somatic symptom and related disorders was formerly called a. somatoform disorders b. anxiety disorders c. mood disorders d. fantasy disorders
in the previous edition of the DSM.
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ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 131. In disorders, people show or complain of physical symptoms that have no identifiable physical cause. a. dissociative c. somatic symptom and related b. anxiety d. adjustment ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 132. Many anxiety-related complaints such as trouble swallowing or breathing, or a "lump in the throat" can be traced to overactivity of the nervous system. a. somatic b. peripheral c. sympathetic branch of the autonomic d. parasympathetic branch of the autonomic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 133. In DSM-5, which of the following is a somatic symptom and related disorder? a. Somatic stress disorder c. Factitious disorder b. Hysteria d. Traumatic stress disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 134. Which of the following is a diagnosable somatic symptom and related disorder? a. Somatization disorder c. Body dysmorphic disorder b. Conversion disorder d. Pain disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 135. People with somatic symptom disorder (SSD) not only have troubling physical symptoms, but they their symptoms to the extent that it affects their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in daily life. a. are excessively concerned about b. chronically ignore c. lie about
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d.
exaggerate
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 224 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 136. In order for someone to be diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder, the physical symptoms must be which of the following? a. Intermittent and associated with either significant personal distress or interference with daily functioning. b. Persistent and associated with either significant personal distress or interference with daily functioning. c. Significant enough to warrant intrusive medical intervention. d. Life-threatening and interfering with daily functioning. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 224 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 137. People with somatic symptom disorder have a. singular and isolated c. b. singular but recurrent d.
somatic complaints. multiple but isolated multiple and persistent
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 224 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 138. Anna complains of physical problems, which date back to her adolescence. She has suffered from seizures, muscle weakness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, menstrual problems, chest pains, and urinary problems. Although she really suffers from these symptoms, her doctors have never been able to find a physical cause. She is most likely suffering from . a. somatic symptom disorder c. hypochondriasis b. conversion disorder d. Munchausen syndrome ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Applied 139. Although no longer a distinct diagnostic category in the DSM, the term hypochondriasis reflected individuals . a. who deny the presence of serious diagnosed conditions b. with a fear of hospitals and treatment c. with physical complaints who believed their symptoms were due to a serious, undetected illness d. using illness to obtain love and attention from others ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7
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Skill: Factual 140. The great majority of cases that were previously diagnosed as hypochondriasis would be classified as having in the DSM-5 system. a. illness anxiety disorder c. somatic symptom disorder b. factitious disorder d. functional neurological symptom disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 141. A study that tracked use of medical care by patients with excessive somatic concerns found them to be heavy users of . a. alcohol c. medical services b. caffeine d. illegal drugs ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 224 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 142. In previous versions of the DSM, people who are preoccupied or fearful that they have a serious or deadly illness are suffering from . a. somatization disorder c. hypochondriasis b. conversion disorder d. Munchausen syndrome ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 143. In order to be diagnosed as suffering from Somatic Symptom Disorder, the symptoms must persist for at least months. a. 3 c. 9 b. 6 d. 12 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 144. Which of the following is a diagnostic feature of hypochondriasis? a. The disturbance has persisted for one year or longer. b. The person is preoccupied with the fear of having a serious illness. c. There are no fears of physical illness persist despite medical evidence. d. There is a dramatic change in or loss of physical abilities or functioning. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7
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Skill: Factual 145. Marty has intense anxiety about his health. He focuses on slight changes in his heartbeat and greatly exaggerates minor aches and pains. He frequently “doctor shops" because he resents doctors telling him that nothing is physically wrong with him. He is suffering from . a. somatization disorder c. somatic symptom disorder b. conversion disorder d. Munchausen syndrome ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Applied 146. People who develop somatic symptom disorder have health worries and problems than other people. a. fewer; fewer c. more; fewer b. fewer; more d. more; more
psychiatric
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 224 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 147. Compared to other psychiatric patients, people who develop hypochondriasis are likely to have reported being sick as children and are likely to have experienced childhood trauma. a. less; less c. less; more b. more; less d. more; more ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 148. Mitch has hypochondriasis. As such, he is most likely to also suffer from which of the following psychological disorders? a. Depression c. An eating disorder b. Conversion disorder d. A personality disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Applied 149. Maggie has hypochondriasis. As such, she is most likely to also suffer from which of the following psychological disorders? a. An anxiety disorder c. Conversion disorder b. Bipolar affective disorder d. A personality disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7
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Skill: Applied 150. Which of the following childhood background factors are people who suffer from hypochondriasis more likely to have? a. Chronic illness b. A mother seeking medical attention for their illness c. An alcoholic parent d. Victimization by physical violence ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 151. Which of the following is true of people with hypochondriasis? a. They are consciously faking their symptoms. b. They do not experience their reported discomfort. c. They express grave concern about their symptoms. d. There is usually an underlying organic basis for their symptoms. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 152. Somatic symptom disorder is believed to affect about a. 5% -7% b. 10%-20% c. 50%-60% d. 80%-90%
of the general population.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 153. The great majority of cases previously diagnosed as hypochondriasis would be diagnosed as the DSM-5. a. dissociative identity disorder b. somatic symptom disorder c. conversion disorder d. mood disorder with somatization ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Conceptual 154. People with hypochondriasis often report having been a. sick b. athletic c. shy
as children.
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in
d. hyperactive ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 155. The DSM-5 introduced a new diagnostic category that includes a subgroup of people with hypochondriasis who complain of relatively minor or mild symptoms that they take to be signs of a serious undiagnosed illness. This diagnostic category is known as which of the following? a. Hypochondriacal disorder b. Conversion disorder c. Obsessive-compulsive disorder d. Illness anxiety disorder (IAD) ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.8 Skill: Factual 156. Juan has consistently experienced tightness in his chest and aches throughout his body for the last few years. Although medical tests have come back negative, he is chronically worried that these are symptoms of a serious illness. Juan most likely can be diagnosed as having which of the following according to the DSM-5? a. Hyperactive disorder b. Hypochondriasis c. Illness anxiety disorder (IAD) d. Conversion disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.8 Skill: Applied 157. The two general subtypes of illness anxiety disorder (IAD) are a. care-avoidant; care-seeking b. attention-avoidant; attention-seeking c. acute; chronic d. chronic; persistent
and
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.8 Skill: Factual 158. The illness anxiety disorder (IAD) subtype that applies to people who postpone or avoid medical visits or lab tests because they fear what might be discovered is which of the following? a. Care-avoidant b. Care-seeking c. Acute d. Chronic
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ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.8 Skill: Factual 159. The illness anxiety disorder (IAD) subtype describes people who jump from doctor to doctor in the hope of finding the one medical professional who might confirm their worst fears. a. obsessive b. care-seeking c. lethargic d. persistence ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.8 Skill: Factual 160. A major change or loss of physical functioning that is not faked, even though there are no medical findings to support the physical symptom or deficit is called . a. hypochondriasis c. somatization disorder b. conversion disorder d. Munchausen syndrome ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual 161. Which of the following statements is true of conversion disorder? a. The symptoms are intentionally produced. b. The person is not malingering. c. The physical symptoms appear gradually. d. The physical symptoms appear in a variety of stressful and nonstressful situations. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual 162. The symptoms of conversion disorder usually come on in a a. gradually; calm c. suddenly; stressful b. suddenly; calm d. gradually; stressful
situation.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual 163. Conversion disorder was formerly called a. manic-depression b. hebephrenic disorder
c. d.
. hysterical neurosis cataplexy
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449
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual 164. Conversion disorder is called a. manic-depression b. hebephrenic disorder
in the DSM-5. c. functional neurological symptom disorder d. cataplexy
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual 165. One change in the DSM-5 is that conversion disorder is called which of the following? a. Functional neurological symptom disorder b. Malingering disorder c. Illness anxiety disorder d. Hypochondriasis ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual 166. Conversion disorder is believed to involve the conversion or transformation of symptoms in the motor or sensory domain (Becker et al., 2013; Reynolds, 2012). a. emotional distress b. physical stress c. high blood pressure d. past experiences with psychoactive drugs
into significant
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Conceptual 167. Conversion disorder has been linked to a. parental illness b. a rigid moral upbringing
. c. d.
childhood sexual and physical abuse sibling rivalry
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual 168. Most classic conversion symptoms mimic a. neurological b. adjustment
c. d.
conditions. anxiety genetic
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ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual 169. Which of the following is a classic symptom of conversion disorder? a. Myopia c. Epilepsy b. Paranoia d. Accelerated heart rate ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual 170. Epilepsy, blindness, paralysis, problems in coordination, and loss of the sense of hearing or smell are all "classic" symptoms of . a. hypochondriasis c. somatization disorder b. malingering d. conversion disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual 171. Which of the following is a diagnostic feature of conversion disorder? a. The symptoms are restricted to complaints of pain or problems in sexual functioning. b. The bodily symptoms match the medical conditions they suggest. c. The loss of physical functioning suggests the presence of a physical disorder. d. The symptoms involved involuntary motor movements and autonomic nervous system functions. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual 172. La belle indifférence is a characteristic symptom of . a. somatization disorder c. hypochondriasis b. conversion disorder d. Munchausen syndrome ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual 173. John has been under a lot of stress at work lately. One morning he awakens to find he is totally blind. His physician can find nothing physically wrong with his eyes, and John appears to have no trouble maneuvering around the furniture in the physician's office. John is not consciously faking and swears he cannot see. John is suffering from . a. somatization disorder c. hypochondriasis b. conversion disorder d. Munchausen syndrome
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ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Applied 174. Peter has been under a lot of stress at work lately. One morning he awakens to find he is totally blind. At his physician's office, Peter says he is upset by the loss of his eyesight, but he appears to be totally calm about it. He doesn't seem to be nearly as upset as one would normally expect for someone who has just lost his eyesight. Peter's lack of emotional reaction is an example of . a. malingering c. la belle indifférence b. emotional compensation d. Munchausen syndrome ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Applied 175. When a person feigns an illness but is not consciously doing it for any specific motivation they might be suffering from . a. hypochondriasis c. somatization disorder b. conversion disorder d. factitious disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.10 Skill: Factual 176. Münchausen syndrome is an example of a(n) a. dissociative c. b. adjustment d.
disorder. factitious conversion
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 227 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.10 Skill: Factual 177. Unlike malingerers, people with factitious disorders are classified in DSM-5 because . a. their numbers are growing while the number of malingerers has dramatically decreased b. malingerers are male by definition and DSM-5 excludes single gender disorders c. they lack a specific motivation for gain from their symptoms d. they must also have a comorbid anxiety or mood disorder for the diagnosis to be utilized ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 227 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.10 Skill: Factual 178. Baron Karl von Münchausen was notorious because of his _ a. extraordinary number of physical complaints b. avoidance of combat because of feigned illness c. sexual escapades
.
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d.
ability to tell tall tales
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 227 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.10 Skill: Factual 179. Tonya is admitted to the hospital covered in blood. She reports that she has been bleeding uncontrollably from her mouth. Later, a nurse finds a syringe filled with blood thinner among Tonya’s personal items in the hospital room. Tonya denies that the syringe is hers. The syringe is not made by a company the hospital uses. This fact leads hospital staff to wonder if, rather than having a valid illness, Tonya has a DSM-5 mental disorder called . a. factitious disorder imposed on another b. factitious disorder on self c. delusional disorder d. hysterical personality disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 228 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.10 Skill: Applied 180. In Sickened, Julie Gregory recounts her heart catheterization due to a. hypochondriasis c. a birth defect b. somatization disorder d. her mother’s insistence
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 228 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.10 Skill: Factual 181. Münchausen syndrome by proxy can be viewed as a form of . a. abusive behavior c. medical malpractice b. hypochondriasis d. manipulation of the legal system ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 228 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.10 Skill: Conceptual 182. A motive proposed in the text for parents who induce sickness in their children is acquisition of a. money c. sympathy b. medical knowledge d. the right to provide home schooling ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 228 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.10 Skill: Conceptual 183. In the DSM-5, Münchausen syndrome by proxy is called a. factitious disorder imposed on another
.
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.
b. c. d.
familial factitious disorder juvenile factitious disorder illness transference disorder
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 228 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.10 Skill: Factual 184. Which of the following refers to a disorder in which people intentionally falsify or induce physical or emotional illness or injury in another person, often a child or dependent person? a. Illness transference disorder b. Familial factitious disorder c. Juvenile factitious disorder d. Factitious disorder imposed on another ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 228 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.10 Skill: Conceptual 185. Factitious disorder imposed on another is a controversial diagnosis and remains under study by the psychiatric community because . a. the individuals imposing the illness most likely already would meet criteria for another diagnosis in the DSM-5 b. it appears to put a diagnostic label on abusive behavior c. intent on the part of the caregiver is hard to quantify d. the abusive behavior toward the child may be reflective of an underlying borderline personality disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 228 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.10 Skill: Conceptual 186. The koro and dhat syndromes of the Far East share some clinical features with a. Münchhausen syndrome c. conversion disorder b. hypochondriasis d. Briquette’s syndrome ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 229 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.11 Skill: Conceptual 187. Koro syndrome is found primarily in a. China b. Egypt
c. d.
. Austria Lithuania
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 229 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.11
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.
Skill: Factual 188. Koro syndrome involves . a. fears of female sexuality and genitalia b. excessive fears of loss of seminal fluid during nocturnal emissions c. fears that one's genitals are shrinking and retracting into the body d. males' fears of having intercourse with females during menstruation ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 229 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.11 Skill: Factual 189. Koro syndrome is found primarily among a. young males b. older males
c. d.
. young females older females
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 229 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.11 Skill: Factual 190. Koro syndrome tends to be a. short-lived and episodic b. chronic and episodic
. c. d.
short-lived but persistent chronic and persistent
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 229 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.11 Skill: Factual 191. Which of the following is true of people with koro syndrome? a. They tend to be more religious than others. b. Medical reassurances that their fears are unfounded rarely helps to alleviate their worries. c. Their intelligence levels tend to be lower than nonsufferers. d. They are more questioning of koro-related folk beliefs than nonsufferers. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 229 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.11 Skill: Factual 192. Dhat syndrome is found primarily in a. China b. India
. c. d.
Japan Korea
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 229 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.11 Skill: Factual
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193. Dhat syndrome involves . a. fears of female sexuality and genitalia b. excessive fears of loss of seminal fluid during nocturnal emissions c. fears that one's genitals are shrinking and retracting into the body d. males’ fears of having intercourse with females during menstruation ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 229 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.11 Skill: Factual 194. Which of the following is a belief related to dhat syndrome? a. Semen is lost because it mixes with urine during urination. b. Preservation of semen guarantees ascendance to a higher level of afterlife upon death. c. Ejaculation during sexual intercourse allows males to gain life energy by draining it from females. d. Loss of semen depletes the body of physical and energy but increases mental attentiveness. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 229 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.11 Skill: Factual 195. The word "hysterical" derives from the Greek word meaning a. out of control c. convulsion b. genitals d. uterus
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 230 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Factual 196. Hippocrates prescribed a. long periods of rest b. sexual abstinence
as a cure for conversion hysteria. c. marriage d. bleeding
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 230 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Factual 197. Brain imaging studies of patients with hysterical paralysis points to possible disruptions occurring in brain circuitry responsible for controlling . a. movement and emotional responses b. learning and memory c. speech d. planning and abstract thinking ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 230 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Factual
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198. Which important figure in the history of psychoanalysis was known for treating hysteria with hypnosis? a. Charcot c. Adler b. Horney d. Breuer ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 230 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Factual 199. According to psychodynamic theory, gains that allow a person to keep internal conflicts repressed are called . a. primary gains c. intrinsic gains b. secondary gains d. extrinsic gains ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 230 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Factual 200. According to psychodynamic theory, gains that allow people to avoid burdensome responsibilities and at the same time gain the support, rather than the condemnation, of those around them are called . a. primary gains c. intrinsic gains b. secondary gains d. extrinsic gains ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 230 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Factual 201. According to Freud, hysterical symptoms provide a. neither primary nor secondary gains b. primary, but not secondary gains c. secondary, but not primary gains d. primary and secondary gains
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 230 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Conceptual 202. A hysterical paralysis of an arm that prevents someone from acting out an unacceptable murderous impulse is what Freud called a(n) gain. a. primary c. intrinsic b. secondary d. extrinsic ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 230 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Applied
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457
203. A soldier experiences sudden paralysis of his hand which prevents him from firing his rifle in battle. Instead of having to face enemy fire he is sent to a field hospital to recover. Since he is not "faking," he is not perceived negatively by fellow soldiers, but instead is cared for and given sympathy by the hospital staff. According to psychodynamic theory, the soldier has achieved gains by getting sympathy from the hospital staff. a. primary c. intrinsic b. secondary d. extrinsic ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 231 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Applied 204. La Belle Indifférence is believed to occur in hysteria because a. negative feelings are displaced b. the apathy of depression sets in when anxiety is repressed c. the physical symptoms alleviate anxiety d. the person no longer has to deal with any underlying conflicts
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 231 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Conceptual 205. From the learning perspective, somatic symptom and related disorders serve mainly to a. develop control over others b. avoid or escape anxiety c. force a person to withdraw from physically stressful situations d. gain attention from others
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 231 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Conceptual 206. According to the learning perspective, the symptoms of conversion and other somatic symptom and related disorders may be due to . a. unconscious conflicts c. dissociation b. reinforcement of the "sick role" d. la belle indifférence ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 231 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Conceptual 207. Some learning theorists see the hypochondriacally pattern of repeatedly seeking medical advice as a form of disorder. a. paranoid c. obsessive-compulsive b. panic d. adjustment ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 231
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458
Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Conceptual 208. Which disorder has been linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder by learning theorists? a. Somatization disorder c. Pain disorder b. Conversion disorder d. Hypochondriasis ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 231 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Factual 209. Cognitive theorists argue that people with hypochondriasis use their complaints as a a. withdrawal c. self-aggrandizing b. passive-aggressive d. self-handicapping
strategy.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 231 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Conceptual 210. According to cognitive theorists, attention to physical complaints can serve as a means of problems. a. avoiding c. exacerbating b. exaggerating d. solving
other life
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 231 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Conceptual 211. A distorted way of thinking about minor physical complaints is attributed to people with cognitive theorists. a. depersonalization disorder c. hypochondriasis b. body dysmorphic disorder d. pain disorder
by
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 231 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Conceptual 212. A distorted way of thinking about minor physical complaints is attributed to people with hypochondriasis by theorists. a. learning c. psychodynamic b. cognitive d. humanistic ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 231 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Conceptual
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213. Cognitive theorists speculate that hypochondriasis and share a common cause in distorted thinking, leading to misinterpretation of minor bodily changes as catastrophic. a. pain disorder c. bipolar disorder b. somatization disorder d. panic disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 232 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Conceptual 214. Recently, investigators proposed that symptoms associated with conversion disorder may involve a disconnect in the neural connections between parts of the brain that control certain functions such as speech and other parts involved in regulating . a. anxiety b. speech c. planning d. pain regulation ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 232 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Factual 215. Freud began his treatment approach, psychoanalysis, with the treatment of a. hysteria c. somatization disorder b. hypochondriasis d. dissociative amnesia
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 232 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.13 Skill: Factual 216. Which statement is true concerning the treatment of conversion disorders? a. Controlled research has not been conducted even though the number of contemporary conversion disorder cases is adequate for such research. b. Case studies of psychoanalytic treatment of conversion disorder have shown success. c. Outcome research disputes the success of the psychoanalytic treatment of conversion disorders. d. Freud’s and Breuer’s treatment of conversion disorders might have been successful, but the treatment of more modern psychoanalysts has not been successful. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 233 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.13 Skill: Factual 217. The behavioral approach to treating somatic symptom and related disorders focuses on a. punishing hysterical behaviors c. removing sources of secondary gain b. rewarding sources of primary gain d. stimulus generalization ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 233
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460
.
Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.13 Skill: Factual 218. Recent research has shown that is(are) effective in treating somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder. a. modeling b. cognitive restructuring and exposure with response prevention c. psychodynamic insights into one's family of origin d. aversion therapy ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 233 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.13 Skill: Factual 219. Therapists have reported that many with hypochondriasis terminate psychotherapy when told that a. their problems are psychological b. they must stop reading the newspaper c. they must do household tasks assigned to them by their parents or spouses d. their therapy will be long term ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 233 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.13 Skill: Factual 220. Recent research has found that a. mild tranquilizers b. phenothiazines
can be used to treat hypochondriasis and factitious disorder. c. analgesics d. antidepressants
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 233 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.13 Skill: Factual 221. Physical disorders in which psychological factors play a causal or contributing role are known as disorders. a. psychosomatic c. adjustment b. dissociative d. malingering ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 233 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 222. Asthma and headaches have traditionally been labeled disorders. a. phrenophysiologic c. psychosomatic b. body psyche d. cranophysical ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1
Page: 233
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461
.
Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 223. Ulcers have historically been viewed as being psychosomatic illness. However, recent research indicates that , not stress or diet is the major cause of peptic ulcers. a. a virus b. a bacterium c. a prion d. an abnormal protein formation in the blood ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 224. It has been found that the a. E. coli b. strep
bacterium is cause of the majority of peptic ulcers. c. H. pylori d. C. moberin
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 225. It is currently believed that ulcers are caused mainly by . a. stress c. chronic anger b. diet d. a bacterium ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 233 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 226. The treatment of choice for ulcers is currently a. behavior therapy c. b. antibiotics d.
. stress management improved diet
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 227. The field of psychosomatic medicine explores health-related connections between which of the following? a. The mind and the body b. The heart and the lungs c. Fat and the muscles d. The soul and the mind ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 233 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
462
Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Conceptual 228. The most frequent kind of headache is the a. cluster b. sinus
c. d.
headache. sinus tension
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 229. Sean has a headache. It developed gradually throughout the day. He feels like a tight steel band is wrapped around his forehead resulting in a dull steady pain on both sides of his head. His headache is best most likely a headache. a. cluster c. sinus b. sinus d. tension ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Applied 230. About a. 36 b. 56
million Americans suffer from migraine headaches. c. 128 d. 256
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 231. Julia suffers from migraine headaches. Her pain is usually experienced a. for about 30 minutes at a time b. behind an eye c. for about 15 minutes at a time d. with piercing or throbbing sensations on both sides of the head
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Applied 232. About two out of three migraine sufferers are a. young adult males between the ages of 20 and 35 b. women between 15 and 55 years of age c. middle-aged males between 40 and 60 years of age d. elderly adults over the age of 70
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health
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Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 233. A cluster of warning signs preceding migraine headache, consisting of flashing lights, bizarre images, or blind spots, is known as a(n) . a. prelude c. halo b. project d. aura ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 234. Which of the following is considered a likely cause of migraines? a. Diet b. Poor visual acuity c. An underlying central nervous system disorder d. Falling levels of acetylcholine ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Conceptual 235. Which of the following statements is true of migraines? a. Migraines are always precipitated by an epileptic seizure. b. Migraines occur only in females. c. Migraines occur only in individuals of European ancestry. d. Migraines can occur daily. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 236. Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in the cause of migraine headaches? a. Adrenaline c. Dopamine b. Serotonin d. Cortisol ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 237. Scott has debilitating headaches which last several hours daily. They are preceded by his sense of flashing lights, and he experiences the pain on one side of his head. Scott probably has headaches. a. migraine c. sinus b. tension d. stress ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health
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Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Applied 238. MSG, menstruation, and changes in barometric pressure can trigger . a. ulcers c. an increase in adrenaline b. asthmatic attacks d. migraine headaches ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual cases occur
239. Although migraines can affect people of both genders and of all ages, about in women between 15 and 55 years of age. a. one out of four c. two out of three b. two out of four d. three out of four ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 240. Which of the following have been effective in the treatment of tension headaches? a. Fish oil c. Vitamin C b. Aspirin d. St. John’s Wort ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 241. Drugs that blood vessels in the a. constrict dilated; brain b. dilate constricted; brain
c. d.
are used to treat migraine headaches. constrict dilated; neck and shoulders dilate constricted; neck and shoulders
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 242. A training method to help people get control over involuntary bodily function is a. biofeedback c. reciprocal inhibition b. systematic desensitization d. biocontrol training ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 235 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 243. Biofeedback concerning muscle tension is called biofeedback. a. electroencephalographic c. electromyographic
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465
.
b.
aura
d.
physiocratic
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 235 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Conceptual 244. In biofeedback, people learn about their physiological processes through a. auditory or visual signals c. signs from a partner b. bodily feelings d. a test score
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 235 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 245. Biofeedback has relieved the pain of migraine headaches by a. teaching the client how to breathe deeply b. smoothing out the muscles in the forehead c. decreasing the rate of eye blinks d. raising finger temperature
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 235 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 246. A technique for relieving the discomfort to migraine headaches by regulating blood flow is biofeedback. a. muscular c. epidural b. thermal d. vascular ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 235 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 247. Consciously raising the temperature of the finger can help people to cope with a. panic attacks c. migraine headaches b. back pain d. ulcers
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 235 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 248. Stress induces bodily arousal such as excessive levels of nervous system arousal which can the risk of stress-related illnesses. a. sympathetic; decrease c. sympathetic; increase b. parasympathetic; decrease d. parasympathetic; increase
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ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 235 Topic: A Closer Look: Psychological Methods for Lowering Arousal Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 249. a. b.
comprises several ways of narrowing consciousness to moderate the stressors of the outside world. Meditation c. Progressive relaxation Hypnosis d. Wish fulfillment fantasy
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 235 Topic: A Closer Look: Psychological Methods for Lowering Arousal Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 250. There are many meditation methods, but they share the common thread of focusing on stimuli. a. narrowing; novel c. narrowing; repetitive b. broadening; novel d. broadening; repetitive
one’s attention by
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 235 Topic: A Closer Look: Psychological Methods for Lowering Arousal Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 251. Narrowing of one’s attention by focusing on repetitive stimuli is the common thread of different forms of . a. meditation c. biofeedback b. progressive relaxation d. behavior therapy ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 235 Topic: A Closer Look: Psychological Methods for Lowering Arousal Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 252. Relaxing, simple sounds, repeated by meditators to help them block out stressful thoughts are called . a. mandalas c. chants b. incantations d. mantras ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 235 Topic: A Closer Look: Psychological Methods for Lowering Arousal Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 253. Simple visual symbols used by Yogis to focus their attention while meditating are called a. mandalas c. chants b. incantations d. mantras ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 235 Topic: A Closer Look: Psychological Methods for Lowering Arousal
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.
Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 254. Which statement is true about Transcendental Meditation? a. It was brought to the United States by Mahatma Gandhi. b. It increases delta brain waves. c. It helps reduce sympathetic nervous system arousal. d. It involves creating a mental hierarchy of stress. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 235 Topic: A Closer Look: Psychological Methods for Lowering Arousal Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 255. Meditation has the effect on the nervous system of . a. increasing sympathetic arousal c. decreasing sympathetic arousal b. stabilizing sympathetic arousal d. decreasing parasympathetic arousal ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 235 Topic: A Closer Look: Psychological Methods for Lowering Arousal Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 256. A stress-reduction technique practiced by Tibetan Buddhists is a. transcendental c. mindfulness b. progressive d. imagery
meditation.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 237 Topic: A Closer Look: Psychological Methods for Lowering Arousal Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 257. In mindfulness meditation, a person focuses on . a. a mantra c. past experiences b. a mandala d. conscious experience ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 237 Topic: A Closer Look: Psychological Methods for Lowering Arousal Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 258. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) shows that the brains of long-term practitioners of meditation have higher levels of activity in the areas involved in which of the following? a. Attention and decision making b. Sexual activity c. Appetite regulation d. Sleep and dreaming ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 236 Topic: A Closer Look: Psychological Methods for Lowering Arousal Learning Objective: 6.14
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Skill: Factual 259. Research conducted by Brefczynski-Lewis et al. (2007) has lead scientists to speculate that regular practice of meditation may alter brain functioning in ways that may be therapeutic to children with . a. affective regulation disorder b. autism spectrum disorder c. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) d. cerebral palsy ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 236 Topic: A Closer Look: Psychological Methods for Lowering Arousal Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 260. Progressive relaxation was originated by a. Kobasa b. Selye
. c. d.
Bandura Jacobson
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 236 Topic: A Closer Look: Psychological Methods for Lowering Arousal Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 261. The progressive relaxation technique heightens awareness of a. environmental stressors c. time passage b. finger temperature d. muscle tension
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 236 Topic: A Closer Look: Psychological Methods for Lowering Arousal Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 262. For progressive relaxation to be effective, the client must learn to . a. differentiate muscle tension from relaxation b. repeat a mantra c. tense their muscles when under stress d. use aerobic exercise along with weight exercises of the different muscular groups ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 236 Topic: A Closer Look: Psychological Methods for Lowering Arousal Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Conceptual 263. Jacobson’s progressive relaxation technique was adapted by a. meditation c. biofeedback b. humanistic d. behavior
therapists.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 236 Topic: A Closer Look: Psychological Methods for Lowering Arousal Learning Objective: 6.14
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Skill: Factual 264. What is the leading cause of death in the United States? a. Cancer c. Accidents b. Cardiovascular disease d. Homicide ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 237 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 265. Cardiovascular disease accounts for about a. one in ten b. one in five
c. d.
deaths in the United States. one in three one in two
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 237 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 266. Cardiovascular disease is a disease of the a. endocrine system b. muscles and bones
c. d.
. heart and arteries lymph nodes and immune system
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 237 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 267. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death for . a. neither men nor women c. women but not men b. men but not women d. both men and women ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 237 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 268. A condition known commonly as “hardening of the arteries,” in which artery walls become thicker, harder, and less elastic, is . a. angina c. myocardial infarction b. atherosclerosis d. arteriosclerosis ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 237 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 269. The process involving the buildup of fatty deposits along artery walls that leads to the formation of arteryclogging plaques is called . a. angina c. myocardial infarction
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b.
atherosclerosis
d.
arteriosclerosis
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 237 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 270. A myocardial infarction is the technical term for a . a. stroke c. heart attack b. blood clot d. seizure ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 237 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 271. Coronary heart disease is . a. not preventable b. resistant to most forms of prevention
c. d.
largely preventable completely preventable
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 238 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 272. Which is a risk factor for coronary heart disease? a. A diet high in fish c. Excessive exercise b. A diet high in fruit d. Family history ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 238 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 273. You heard that your new roommate is a Type A personality. You would expect the roommate to be a. withdrawn and submissive c. impatient and ambitious b. shy and immature d. adventurous and irresponsible ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 238 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Applied 274. The element of the Type A pattern most closely linked to cardiovascular risk is a. ambition c. drive b. impatience d. hostility ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 238 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15
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.
.
Skill: Factual 275. The most toxic elements of the Type A profile are . a. lust and greed c. anger and hostility b. impatience and ambition d. drive and competitiveness ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 238 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Conceptual 276. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are examples of . a. relaxation hormones c. viruses b. stress hormones d. bacterium ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 238 Topic: A Closer Look: Dying of a Broken Heart Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 277. Under high amounts of emotional stress, the body releases _ amounts of epinephrine and amounts of norepinephrine into the bloodstream. a. small; small c. large; small b. small; large d. large; large ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 238 Topic: A Closer Look: Dying of a Broken Heart Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 278. In “broken heart syndrome,” . a. sudden surges in cholesterol rapidly clog previously healthy arteries leading to sudden death b. the person’s brain unconsciously “wills” the heart and lungs to stop working c. stress hormones “stun” the heart, preventing it from pumping normally d. people’s blood pressure skyrockets, causing sudden, massive, and usually fatal strokes ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 239 Topic: A Closer Look: Dying of a Broken Heart Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 279. “Broken heart syndrome” . a. while reported anecdotally, has never been medically documented b. is rare c. is common after the unexpected loss of a loved one, but not common in other situations d. is relatively common after any unexpected loss ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 239 Topic: A Closer Look: Dying of a Broken Heart Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual
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280. A Swedish study revealed that a. marital b. financial
stress tripled the risk of recurrent cardiac events in women. c. job d. menstrual
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 239 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 281. Which is one of the top three major contributing factors associated with heart disease among Black women and men? a. Type A personality c. religious affiliation b. poor social networks d. diabetes ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 239 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 282. The incidence of coronary heart disease and deaths from heart disease has been years. a. declining steadily b. declining rapidly c. increasing steadily d. increasing rapidly
during the past 50
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 240 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 283. A respiratory disorder in which the main tubes of the windpipe constrict, become inflamed, and produce large amounts of mucus, is . a. emphysema c. pneumonia b. colitis d. asthma ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 240 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.16 Skill: Factual 284. Rates of asthma have a. been cut in half b. declined slightly
over the last 30 years. c. increased slightly d. more than doubled
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 240 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.16 Skill: Factual
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285. Which of the following is true of asthma? a. Sufferers should be encouraged to lead a sedentary lifestyle. b. The occurrence of attacks appears to have little relationship to stress. c. It is caused almost exclusively by psychological factors. d. Under the right circumstances, attacks can be lethal. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 240 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.16 Skill: Factual 286. Which factor or activity contributes to susceptibility to asthmatic attacks? a. Eating a diet high in vitamin C c. Overeating b. Excessive sleep d. Depression ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 240 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.16 Skill: Factual 287. Identify a goal of behavioral treatment for asthma sufferers. a. Increase aerobic activity c. Increase of assertiveness b. Decrease anger and hostility d. Develop relaxation skills ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.16 Skill: Factual 288. In recent years, the cancer death rate has been , in large part due to a. inching downward; better screening and treatment b. inching downward; better personal lifestyle practices c. inching upward; the increase in environment toxins d. inching upward; the increase in the availability of processed foods ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Conceptual 289. Men have a 1 in a. 2 b. 4
chance of developing cancer at some point in their lives. c. 6 d. 8
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Factual 290. Women have a 1 in a. 3
chance of developing cancer at some point in their lives. c. 7
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.
b.
5
d.
9
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Factual 291. When cancer is not contained early, it may a. replicate c. b. reproduce d.
. malignant metastasize
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Factual 292. Heavy alcohol consumption, high fat intake, and excessive sunbathing can contribute to the development of . a. migraine headaches c. asthma b. cancer d. hypertension ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Factual 293. In , people eat less animal fat than Americans, helping to reduce the rate of cancer. a. France c. Argentina b. Japan d. Russia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Factual 294. When cancer cells are no longer contained in their reproduction and have spread to multiple sites in the body, they are said to have . a. eliminated the effectiveness of helper Z cells in the body b. mutated c. metastasized d. infiltrated ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Factual 295. A weakened may increase susceptibility to cancer. a. heart c. ego b. system of ego defense mechanisms d. immune system
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ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Factual 296. What is the most accurate conclusion about the relationship between stress and cancer? a. It requires further study. b. Stress makes people more susceptible to cancer. c. Stress has no effect on susceptibility to the various cancers. d. It has only been proven that stress contributes to susceptibility to breast and prostate cancer. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Factual 297. Investigators also recently reported that cognitive therapy that included a mindfulness meditation training component improved in cancer patients. a. red blood cell count b. levels of hope and optimism c. overall functioning by reducing levels of depression and anxiety d. attitudes toward healthy persons ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Conceptual 298. Approximately how many new cases of HIV infection are reported annually in the United States? a. 10,000 c. 50,000 b. 25,000 d. 100,000 ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 242 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.18 Skill: Factual 299. HIV attacks a person’s a. cardiovascular b. respiratory
system. c. d.
nervous immune
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 242 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.18 Skill: Factual 300. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is caused by a. human papilloma virus b. human immunodeficiency virus c. prions d. bacteria
.
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ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 242 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.18 Skill: Factual 301. Treatment of HIV has been revolutionized by the use of highly effective a. antibiotic drugs b. antiretroviral drugs c. antidepressant drugs d. mindfulness therapies
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 242 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.18 Skill: Conceptual 302. Two therapies that have been particularly helpful assisting individuals adapt to living with AIDS and its psychological symptoms are coping skills therapy and therapy. a. cognitive-behavioral c. family b. person centered d. humanistic ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 242 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.18 Skill: Factual 303. Identify the type of psychiatric medication that is most helpful in treating the psychological symptoms of HIV patients. a. Mood stabilizers c. Antipsychotics b. Antidepressants d. Anxiolytics ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 242 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.18 Skill: Factual
True-False Questions 304. In somatic symptom and related disorders and dissociative disorders, anxiety is directly observed in behavior. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 208
305. In anxiety disorders, anxiety is directly observed in behavior. ANSWER: T
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 208
306. The key feature of the dissociative disorders is anxiety. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 208 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 307. Often people suffering from dissociative disorders show no signs of anxiety. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 208 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 308. Multiple personality has been traditionally classified as a somatic symptom or related disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 208 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 309. Laypeople often confuse multiple personality disorder with schizophrenia. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 209 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 310. The term “split personality” refers to schizophrenia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 209 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 311. Some people with multiple personalities also show behaviors associated with schizophrenia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 209 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 312. Each personality in people with multiple personalities is so distinct that the personality may have its own allergies and eyeglass prescription.
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ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 209 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 313. People with multiple personalities may have one personality that is schizophrenic. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 209 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 314. In dissociative identity disorder, themes of sexual ambivalence and ambiguity are common. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 209 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 315. Most people with dissociative identity disorder had happy and lovingly-supportive childhoods. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 208 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 316. Clinicians treating someone with dissociative identity disorder can sometimes elicit alternate personalities to make themselves known by asking, “Is there another part of you that wants to say something to me?” ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 210 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 317. Clinicians treating someone with dissociative identity disorder have no effect on “bringing out” one personality or the next within the client. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 210 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 318. The dominant personality in dissociative identity disorder is always aware of the other alters existing in the afflicted individual. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 211 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual
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319. Typically, there is one dominant personality in dissociative identity disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 209 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 320. The majority of diagnosed cases of dissociative identity disorder are male. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 210 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 321. The majority of diagnosed cases of dissociative identity disorder are female. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 210 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 322. Cases of dissociative identity disorder typically present with several alter personalities, and sometimes with 20 or more alters. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 210 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 323. Multiple personality actually occurs more commonly than schizophrenia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 210 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 324. Suicidal behavior is common in people with multiple personalities. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 212 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Factual 325. Most cases of people with multiple personalities involve criminal behavior. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 211 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1
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Skill: Factual 326. The memory loss resulting from dissociative amnesia is irreversible. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 212 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual 327. Dissociative amnesia can persist for years. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 212 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual 328. Dissociative amnesia and fugue are usually transient and disappear abruptly. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 212 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual 329. Localized amnesia is the most common form of dissociative amnesia. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 212 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual 330. Localized amnesia is the least common form of dissociative amnesia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 212 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual 331. Most instances of dissociative amnesia are selective amnesia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 212 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual 332. People can be led to believe that they experienced events that did not actually take place. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 215 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2
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Skill: Factual 333. Experienced clinicians can reasonably determine whether or not people are faking amnesia for their misdeeds. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 213 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual 334. Fugue states commonly last for months or even years. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 213 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual 335. The fugue state is considered psychotic because people with the disorder are unable to think or behave normally. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 213 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Factual 336. Very few of us have episodes of feeling detached from our bodies or thought processes. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 216 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual 337. According to the DSM, about half of all adults experience single brief episodes of depersonalization, usually during times of extreme stress. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 216 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual 338. Depersonalization and derealization can motivate anxiety and avoidance behavior. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 218 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual 339. Despite some sensationalistic cases in the media, the great majority of people with multiple personalities were not physically or sexually abused as children.
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ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 220 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.5 Skill: Factual 340. The majority of children subjected to severe abuse in childhood develop some type of dissociative disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 220 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.5 Skill: Factual 341. Available research suggests that treating dissociative disorders does not reduce symptoms. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 221 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Factual 342. Dissociative identity disorder responds well to treatment with phenothiazines. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 221 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Factual 343. Dissociative identity disorder responds well to treatment with antidepressant medications. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 221 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Factual 344. No drugs have been developed to integrate alternate personalities in people with multiple personalities. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 221 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Factual 345. Some people show up repeatedly at hospital emergency rooms, feigning illness and seeking treatment for no apparent reason. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 346. People with somatic symptom disorder are not overly concerned about their troubling physical symptoms.
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ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 347. The great majority of cases previously diagnosed as hypochondriasis, would now be diagnosed under the DSM-5 criteria as having somatic symptom disorder. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 348. People with hypochondriasis are consciously faking their symptoms. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Factual 349. Individuals who express an extremely high level of health anxiety are likely to receive a diagnosis of the newly recognized disorder in DSM-5 called illness anxiety disorder. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.8 Skill: Factual 350. Care-avoidant subtype, is one general subtype of illness anxiety disorder. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.8 Skill: Factual 351. Care-seeking subtype, is one general subtype of illness anxiety disorder. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.8 Skill: Factual 352. The DSM-5 lists conversion disorder as a subtype of illness anxiety disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual
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353. Most of the time, the bodily symptoms found in conversion disorder match the medical conditions they suggest. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual 354. Hysteria or conversion disorder cases are more common today than in Freud’s era. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual 355. The fact that conversion symptoms first appear in the context of, or are aggravated by, conflicts or stressors suggests a psychological connection. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual 356. Conversion disorder is so named because of the psychodynamic belief that it represents the channeling, or conversion, of repressed sexual or aggressive energies into physical symptoms. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual 357. Some classic symptom patterns of conversion disorder take the form of paralysis, epilepsy, problems in coordination, blindness and tunnel vision, loss of the sense of hearing or of smell, or loss of feeling in a limb (anesthesia). ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.9 Skill: Factual 358. Persons with factitious disorders are motivated to feign physical illness in order to avoid work or to qualify for disability benefits. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 226 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.10 Skill: Factual 359. Munchausen syndrome is a somatic symptom and related disorder.
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ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 227 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.10 Skill: Factual 360. Factitious disorder is classified as a mental disorder because it serves an individual’s underlying psychological need through assuming a sick role. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 227 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.10 Skill: Factual 361. In the DSM-5, Munchausen syndrome by proxy is now called “factitious disorder on another.” ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 228 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.10 Skill: Factual 362. People with Munchausen syndrome by proxy intentionally falsify or induce physical or emotional illness or injury in another person, typically a child or dependent person. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 228 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.10 Skill: Factual 363. Many Indian males believe that preservation of semen guarantees health and longevity. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 229 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.11 Skill: Factual 364. There was an epidemic in China in the 1980s affecting more than 2,000 people who fell prey to the belief that their genitals were shrinking and retracting into their bodies. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 229 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.11 Skill: Factual 365. Found among young Asian Indian males, dhat syndrome involves excessive fears over the loss of seminal fluid in nocturnal emissions, in urine, or through masturbation. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 229 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
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Learning Objective: 6.11 Skill: Factual 366. Koro syndrome characterizes people who fear that their genitals are shrinking and retracting into their bodies, which they believe will result in death. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 229 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.11 Skill: Factual 367. The term “hysteria” derives from the Greek word for “testicle.” ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 230 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Factual 368. According to psychodynamic theory, hysterical systems are not functional. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 230 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Factual 369. Empirical evidence supports the psychodynamic view of hysteria. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 230 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Factual 370. Psychodynamic theory does not explain how energies from unconscious conflicts become transformed into physical symptoms. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 230 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Factual 371. Psychodynamic theory and learning theory concur that the symptoms in conversion disorders relieve anxiety. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 231 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Factual 372. People with factitious disorder reduced their symptoms through the use of antidepressants in a research study.
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ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 233 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.13 Skill: Factual 373. Ulcers are caused solely by stress. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 233 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 374. Tension headaches result from changes in blood flow to the brain. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 375. The most likely type of headache a person will suffer from is a migraine headache. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 376. Hormonal changes during menstruation can trigger migraine headaches. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 377. People can relieve the pain of migraine headaches by raising the temperature in a finger. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 378. Transcendental Meditation was brought to the U.S. by Herbert Benson. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 235 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 379. Meditation should be performed once or twice daily.
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488
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 235 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 380. Clenching teeth can be a part of the progressive muscular relaxation technique. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 235 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 381. Ulcers are psychosomatic. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 233 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 382. You can actually die from a broken heart. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 239 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 383. African Americans have the lowest rate of death due to coronary heart disease. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 239 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 384. African Americans and Caucasian Americans have the highest rates of death due to coronary heart disease. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 239 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 385. Overtime work has been linked to cardiovascular disease. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 239 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual
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489
386. The incidence of deaths from heart disease has stayed approximately the same in this country for the past 50 years. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 238 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 387. The incidence of deaths from heart disease has significantly increased in this country over the past 50 years. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 238 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 388. Rates of asthma have decreased since 1980. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 240 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.16 Skill: Factual 389. Along with rates of heart disease, rates of asthma have significantly increased since 1967. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 240 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.16 Skill: Factual 390. Cancer can be caused by viruses. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Factual 391. A weakened or compromised immune system may increase susceptibility to cancer. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Factual 392. Japanese are genetically less susceptible to cancer than Americans. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Factual
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490
393. A diet rich in fats and carbohydrates decreases one susceptibility to cancer. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Factual 394. Many cancer cases could be prevented if people adopted healthier lifestyles. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Factual 395. Cancer causes one in four deaths in the United States. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Factual 396. Every minute of every day has a person dying from cancer in the United States. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Factual 397. HIV can be transmitted through oral-genital contact. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 242 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.18 Skill: Factual 398. Coping skills training and cognitive-behavioral therapy can improve immune response. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 242 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.18 Skill: Factual 399. Engaging in safer sexual practices is positively associated with consuming alcohol. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 242 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.18 Skill: Factual
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491
400. With the introduction of highly effective antiretroviral drugs, a cure for HIV has been found. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 242 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.18 Skill: Factual
Essay Questions 401. Distinguish the dissociative and somatic symptoms and related disorders from the anxiety disorders in terms of the theorized role of anxiety. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 207 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual 402. What are the key features of dissociative identity disorder (DID)? List and describe each. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 209 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Conceptual 403. Describe how DID is often confused with schizophrenia by laypersons. Why does this confusion occur? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 209 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.1 Skill: Conceptual 404. Describe dissociative amnesia, identifying and briefly explaining its five specific types and discuss how it differs from other types of amnesia. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 212 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Conceptual 405. Describe dissociative fugue in terms of its symptoms and prevalence. Also, discuss what malingering is and its relationship to diagnosing fugue or amnesia. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 213 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Conceptual 406. Explain the controversies surrounding recovered memories. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
Page: 215
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492
Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.2 Skill: Conceptual 407. Describe the symptoms and prevalence of depersonalization-derealization disorder. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 216 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.3 Skill: Factual 408. Recount various theoretical perspectives on the dissociative disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 219 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.5 Skill: Conceptual 409. Compare and contrast the various methods for treating dissociative disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 220 Topic: Dissociative Disorders Learning Objective: 6.6 Skill: Factual 410. Describe the features of the somatic symptom and related disorders, explaining how they are different than either the dissociative disorders or malingering. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 223 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Conceptual 411. Describe the features and prevalence of conversion disorder. How does it differ from hypochondriasis? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 224 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Conceptual 412. Describe the prevalence and features of somatic symptom disorder. How does it differ from conversion disorder and body dysmorphic disorder? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 224 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.7 Skill: Conceptual 413. Describe the features of illness anxiety disorder. List and detail the features of the two subtypes. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 225 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.8 Skill: Conceptual 414. Describe the features of both Munchausen’s disorder and Munchausen’s by proxy. Why do researchers
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493
believe that people with these disorders act the way they do? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 227 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.10 Skill: Conceptual 415. Explain what culture-bound syndromes are and describe the features of Koro and Dhat syndromes. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 229 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.11 Skill: Factual 416. Identify and describe the various theoretical perspectives on the somatic symptom and related disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 230 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12 Skill: Conceptual 417. Discuss the strengths and weakness of psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive methods for treating the somatic symptom and related disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 232 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.13 Skill: Factual 418. Authors of abnormal psychology textbooks invariably group dissociative and the somatic symptom and related disorders in one chapter. Explain your theory on how these types of disorders fit together, citing specific disorders to illustrate your points. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 232 Topic: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Learning Objective: 6.12, 6.13 Skill: Applied 419. Compare and contrast the different types of headaches, their causes, effects, and types of treatments for them. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 234 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Factual 420. Provide a detailed description of either the Progressive Muscular Relaxation or Meditation technique. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 235 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.14 Skill: Conceptual 421. Discuss the factors that can make a person more prone to cardiovascular disease and the steps that can be used to moderate these factors.
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494
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 238 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Factual 422. Describe the Type A Personality and its relationship to health. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 238 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.15 Skill: Conceptual 423. Explain what asthma is, and discuss its causes, prevalence, and treatments. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 240 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.16 Skill: Factual 424. What is known about the role of psychological factors in the cause, prevention, and treatment of cancer? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 241 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.17 Skill: Factual 425. Explain why AIDS should be included in a discussion of significant psychological factors in physical illness, and how psychological interventions can be useful to people with HIV/AIDS. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 242 Topic: Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health Learning Objective: 6.18 Skill: Conceptual
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495
REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS EOC Q6.1 Dissociative identity disorder appears to be culture-bound with the occurrences located primarily in . a) b) c) d)
South America Northern European countries countries where English is not the primary language North America
Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.1 Describe the key features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why the concept of dissociative identity disorder is controversial. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q6.2 In a case of localized amnesia, an individual often cannot recall a) b) c) d)
_.
any of their life experiences events occurring during a specific period of time events or periods that are specific to a particular category of information events or memories that are tied to a certain location
Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.2 Describe the key features of dissociative amnesia. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
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496
EOC Q6.3 For several months, Rick has experienced periods where he feels a sense of detachment from himself and his surroundings, almost as if he were dreaming. Rick is probably experiencing . a) b) c) d)
depersonalization dissociative amnesia somatic disorder conversion
Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Describe the key features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q6.4 Freda was visiting Malaysia on vacation. She observed a situation where a man became highly excited and attacked people on the streets. Freda’s tour guide explained that the man’s actions were a culture-bound syndrome called _. a) b) c) d)
awry zar amok loof
Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.4 Identify two culture-bound syndromes with dissociative features. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q6.5 theorists view dissociative disorders as involving repression, ego protection, and impulse management. a) b) c) d)
Humanistic Behavioral Cognitive Psychodynamic
Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe different theoretical perspectives on dissociative disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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497
EOC Q6.6 Research suggests that the childhood experience most strongly associated with the development of dissociative identity disorder is . a) b) c) d)
sexual and/or physical abuse harsh parenting in a single parent household becoming lost in a department store as a young child loss of a parent at an early age
Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.6 Describe the treatment of dissociative identity disorder. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q6.7 Individuals diagnosed with may have physical symptoms without an identifiable physical cause and have excessive concerns about the nature or meaning of their symptoms. a) b) c) d)
somatic symptom disorder dissociative identity disorder depersonalization factitious disorder
Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.7 Describe the key features of somatic symptom disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q6.8 The DSM-5 introduced a new diagnostic category called anxiety disorder to describe people who complain of relatively minor or mild symptoms that they interpret as signs of a serious undiagnosed illness. a) b) c) d)
factitious somatic conversion illness somatic
Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.8 Describe the key features of illness anxiety disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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498
EOC Q6.9 In functional neurological symptom disorder, a distinct type of somatic symptom and related disorder, a person may experience . a) b) c) d)
an exaggerated response to auditory input an imagined defect in appearance or exaggeration of a minor physical flaw an inability to control voluntary movements a loss of reflex responses
Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.9 Describe the key features of conversion disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q6.10 For years Mark’s mother gave him fake vitamins that in fact were poisons that made him quite ill. Eventually Mark’s dad realized that his wife was trying to gain sympathy and experience a sense of control made possible by having a continually sick child, a disorder popularly referred to as . a) b) c) d)
conversion disorder Münchausen syndrome by proxy hypochondriasis in a family member dissociative disorder
Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.10 Explain the difference between malingering and factitious disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q6.11 involves excessive fears over the loss of seminal fluid during nocturnal emissions. a) b) c) d)
Hysteria Koro syndrome Dhat syndrome Akhtar syndrome
Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.11 Describe the key features of koro and dhat syndromes. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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499
EOC Q6.12 Which theoretical approach speculates that some cases of hypochondriasis may represent a way of blaming failing performance on poor health? a) b) c) d)
psychodynamic behavioral cognitive sociocultural
Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.12 Describe the theoretical understandings of somatic symptom and related disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q6.13 What is the behavioral technique that can help patients with illness anxiety disorder break the cycle of running to doctors for reassurance? a) b) c) d)
Meditation therapy Cognitive-behavioral restructuring Reinforcement restructuring therapy Exposure with response prevention
Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.13 Describe methods used to treat somatic symptom and related disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q6.14 A(n) typically involves intense throbbing pain on one side of the head and may be triggered by factors such as hormonal changes or exposure to strong light. a) b) c) d)
deep thrombosis hysteria attack panic attack migraine
Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.14 Describe the role of psychological factors in understanding and treating headaches. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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500
EOC Q6.15 Susan’s aunt, age 50, was rushed to the hospital with heart failure two days after losing her husband to an automobile accident. There was no blood flow blockage or evidence of a traditional heart attack, yet her heart was pumping only a fraction of its normal volume. Physicians attributed the heart failure to . a) b) c) d)
undetected mitral valve prolapse an atypical heart attack broken-heart syndrome angina
Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.15 Identify psychological risk factors in coronary heart disease. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q6.16 is a respiratory disorder whereby the bronchi become inflamed and constricted. a) b) c) d)
Asthma Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Influenza IBS
Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.16 Identify psychological factors that may trigger asthma attacks. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOC Q6.17 Researchers estimate that approximately of all cancers could be prevented if people adopted healthier behaviors, especially avoiding smoking, limiting fat intake, and controlling excess body weight. a) b) c) d)
one-fifth one-fourth one-third one-half
Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.17 Identify behavioral risk factors in cancer. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Easy
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501
EOC Q6.18 Approximately States. a) b) c) d)
new cases of HIV infection are reported annually in the United
10,000 18,000 42,000 50,000
Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.18 Describe the role that psychologists play in prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q6.1.1 In , two or more personalities “occupy” one person, and each has their own distinctive traits, memories, mannerisms, and even style of speech. a) b) c) d)
depersonalization disorder dissociative amnesia conversion disorder dissociative identity disorder
Answer: d Learning Objective: 6.1 Describe the key features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why the concept of dissociative identity disorder is controversial. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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502
EOM Q6.1.2 Jackson was recently the victim of a hostage situation where he was held for several days before being rescued. Although several weeks have passed since the rescue, Jackson is unable to remember where he lives and what he does at his job. Jackson would be diagnosed with . a) b) c) d)
dissociative identity disorder traumatic dissociative event disorder dissociative amnesia depersonalization/derealization disorder
Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.2 Describe the key features of dissociative amnesia. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q6.1.3 Evidence suggests that depersonalization experiences may be more common in cultures and less common in cultures that emphasize . a) b) c) d)
individualistic; group identity group-identity; individualism democratic; totalitarianism totalitarian; democracy
Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Describe the key features of depersonalization/derealization disorder. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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503
EOM Q6.1.4 Which of the following is a culture-bound syndrome, found mainly in southeast Asian and Pacific Island cultures, that involves a trance-like state where the afflicted suddenly becomes highly excited and violently attacks other people or destroys objects? a) b) c) d)
koro amok dhat zar
Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.4 Identify two culture-bound syndromes with dissociative features. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q6.1.5 According to _ theory, dissociation in the form of dissociative amnesia and fugue is viewed as a learned response that serves to psychologically distance oneself from disturbing memories. a) b) c) d)
psychodynamic diathesis–stress social-cognitive biosocial
Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe different theoretical perspectives on dissociative disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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504
EOM Q6.2.1 Tamara has been reporting blindness and numbness in her hands but her doctors cannot find any physical or medical explanation for these symptoms. Instead, they believe she might be suffering from a disorder. a) b) c) d)
depersonalization dissociative conversion personality
Answer: c Learning Objective: 6.9 Describe the key features of conversion disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q6.2.2 is a term used to describe people with conversion disorders who show a remarkable indifference to their symptoms. a) b) c) d)
La belle indifférence Facititious symptoms Hypochondriasis Derealization
Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.9 Describe the key features of conversion disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q6.2.3 What is the disorder characterized by manufacturing physical or psychological symptoms, but without any apparent motive? a) b) c) d)
factitious disorder conversion disorder body dysmorphic disorder hysteria
Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.10 Explain the difference between malingering and factitious disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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505
EOM Q6.2.4 The culture-bound syndrome found in China called fear of shrinking genitals. a) b) c) d)
syndrome is characterized by a
dhat koro amok conversion
Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.11 Describe the key features of koro and dhat syndromes. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q6.2.5 The approach to treatment of somatic symptom disorders focuses on removing sources of secondary reinforcement that may become connected with physical complaints. a) b) c) d)
behavioral interpersonal sociocultural cognitive restructuring
Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.12 Describe the theoretical understandings of somatic symptom and related disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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506
EOM Q6.3.1 Teri is undergoing training for her migraines, where sensors provide information on her body functions such as muscle tension and brain waves in the form of auditory signals or visual displays. a) b) c) d)
biofeedback coping skills cognitive therapy mindfulness meditation
Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.14 Describe the role of psychological factors in understanding and treating headaches. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q6.3.2 Which American ethnic population has the highest rates of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity? a) b) c) d)
Asian Americans African Americans Latino Americans European Americans
Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.15 Identify psychological risk factors in coronary heart disease. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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507
EOM Q6.3.3 Which of the following best describes the current understanding of the cause of asthma? a) b) c) d)
There are multiple potential causes including allergic reactions, environmental factors, and genetics. Researchers have identified a single dominant gene that causes 98% of all asthma cases. Asthma is generally caused by immunological factors. Virtually all cases of asthma can be tied to two environmental factors: cigarette smoke and smog.
Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.16 Identify psychological factors that may trigger asthma attacks. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q6.3.4 Cancer involves the development of spread to healthy tissue. a) b) c) d)
that form growths called
genetic shifts; fungi mutant cells; tumors prions; changes within the structure of the host cell crystallization of proteins; tumors
Answer: b Learning Objective: 6.17 Identify behavioral risk factors in cancer. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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508
, which
EOM Q6.3.5 Lizzy is a college student who believes that most people her age practice safe sex. Compared to students who do not hold this belief, Lizzy is more likely to . a) b) c) d)
practice safe sex abstain from all sexual relations engage in riskier sexual behaviors herself drink alcohol before sex
Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.18 Describe the role that psychologists play in prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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509
Total Assessment Guide Topic Learning Objective Introduction
Learning Objective 7.1
Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Essay Learning Objective 7.2
Learning Objective 7.3
Learning Objective 7.4
Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 7.5
Learning Objective 7.6
Learning Objective 7.7
Learning Objective 7.8
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
Factual 1, 2, 3
Conceptual
Applied
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 52, 53 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63 293, 294, 295, 296
28
22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 39, 50, 51, 54
362 64, 66, 67
65
297, 298 363 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305 364, 365 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100, 101 306
74
99
366 103, 105, 106
104
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
307, 308
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
309, 310, 311
True-False
312
367, 368 109, 110, 111, 113, 115
108, 114
69, 85, 86
102, 107
112
369 116, 117
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
510
Topic Learning Objective 7.9
Learning Objective 7.10
Learning Objective 7.11
Learning Objective 7.12
Learning Objective 7.13
Learning Objective 7.14
Essay Multiple Choice
Learning Objective 7.17
Applied
119, 125
118, 120, 122, 123, 124
121
313, 314, 315
True-False
316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326 372 183, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192 327, 328, 329, 330 373, 374 193, 194, 195, 196, 197
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 7.16
Conceptual
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 7.15
Factual
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
127, 128, 129, 131, 134, 139, 142, 147, 150, 151, 152, 155, 157, 158, 161, 163, 164, 166, 167, 168
200, 201, 202, 203, 206, 207, 208 331, 332, 333, 334
370 126, 130, 138, 144, 145, 153, 154, 159, 160, 162, 165, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182
132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 140, 141, 143, 146, 148, 149, 156, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177
371 184
198, 199, 204, 205
375, 376, 377 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346
209
378, 379, 380 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353 259, 262, 265, 266
245
381 258, 260, 261, 263, 264
354 383 267, 268, 269, 271
382 270
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
511
Topic True-False Essay
Factual 355 384, 385, 386
Conceptual
Applied
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
512
7 Mood Disorders and Suicide Multiple-Choice Questions 1.
The famous American author who described his severe depression in Darkness Visible was a. Tom Wolfe c. William Styron b. Phillip Roth d. Bernard Malamud ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
2.
3.
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.
Page: 248
The DSM-5 does not include a general category of mood disorders but instead distinguishes between and . a. depressive disorders; bipolar and related disorders. b. depressive disorders; cyclothymic disorders c. cyclothymic disorders; bipolar and related disorders d. dysthymic disorders; cyclothymic disorders ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
5.
.
Disturbances in mood that are serious enough to impair daily functioning are called a. adjustment disorders c. anxiety disorders b. personality disorders d. mood disorders ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
4.
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Enduring states of feeling that color our psychological lives are called a. motivational states c. drives b. moods d. traits ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
.
There are a. 1
Page: 249
major types of bipolar disorders listed in the DSM-5. c. 4 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
513
b.
2
d.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 6.
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Disorders such as depression and dysthymia are in nature. a. unipolar c. unilinear b. bipolar d. multilinear ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
9.
Page: 249
Bipolar disorders include . a. bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder b. bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymia c. bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and dysthymia d. bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cyclothymia, and dysthymia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
8.
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Which of the following is listed under “Bipolar and Related Disorders” in the DSM-5? a. Major depressive disorder b. Unipolar disorder c. Cyclothymic disorder d. Persistent depressive disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
7.
6
Disorders such as cyclothymia are a. unipolar b. bipolar ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 249
in nature. c. unilinear d. multilinear
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10. Mood disorders in which the disturbance lies in only one direction are considered a. unipolar c. monopolar b. unilinear d. monolinear
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514
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 249
11. Mood disorders, which involve mood swings from one extreme to another, are considered a. dipolar c. bipolar b. bilinear d. multilinear ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
.
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12. Which of the following is listed under the category of “Depressive Disorders” in the DSM-5? a. Bipolar I disorder b. Bipolar II disorder c. Cyclothymic disorder d. Persistent depressive disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 249 (Table 7.1)
13. Major depression cannot be diagnosed if a person shows a history of a. anxiety disorder c. dysthymia b. personality disorder d. mania ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
.
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14. A severe disorder characterized by feeling sad, hopeless, or “down in the dumps,” or loss of interest or pleasure in all activities for at least two weeks is . a. bipolar disorder c. dysthymia b. major depressive episode d. cyclothymia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
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15. To be diagnosed with a major depressive episode, one experiences either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in all things for a period of at least . a. two days c. two months b. two weeks d. two years ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 250
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
515
Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 16. A severe mood disorder characterized by the occurrence of one or more major depressive episodes in the absence of a history of mania is . a. major depressive disorder c. dysthymia b. bipolar disorder d. cyclothymia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 250
17. A state of unusual elation, energy, and activity is known as _ a. synergy c. mania b. dysthymia d. flat affect ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
.
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18. Which of the following is a common change in motivation noted with depression? a. Irritability b. Tearfulness c. Lack of interest in social activities d. Depressed mood ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 251 (Table 7.2)
19. Which of the following is an emotional symptom of depression? a. Loss of enjoyment in pleasurable activities b. Depressed mood c. Reduced interest in sex d. Lack of interest in social activities ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 20. Changes in sleep habits is a(n) a. motivational b. motor behavior and functioning c. emotional d. cognitive
Page: 251 (Table 7.2)
symptom of depression?
ANSWER: B Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 251 (Table 7.2)
21. Difficulty concentrating is a(n) a. cognitive b. motivational c. emotional d. motor behavior and functioning
symptom of depression?
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 251 (Table 7.2)
22. Rani has been diagnosed with depression and has no interest in playing on her soccer team, which she has done each week for over two years. This loss of enjoyment in pleasurable activities is a(n) symptom of depression. a. cognitive c. emotional b. motor behavior d. motivational ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Applied
Page: 251 (Table 7.2)
23. Joanne is in a very downcast mood. She has a poor appetite, has lost weight, and feels constantly fatigued. She has lost interest in most of her regular activities because they seem like "too much effort" and they no longer give her any pleasure. She seems indifferent to her family and friends and has recurrent thoughts of suicide. She is best described as suffering from . a. dysthymic disorder c. major depressive disorder b. cyclothymic disorder d. bipolar disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Applied
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24. In a case study described in the text, “The Beast is Back,” the female patient referred to her Beast. a. husband c. headaches b. depression d. manic episodes ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Applied
as the
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25. Which U.S. president struggled with depression and wrote “I am now the most miserable man living”? a. Herbert Hoover c. Bill Clinton b. Abraham Lincoln d. George W. Bush Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 251
26. The most common diagnosable mood disorder is . a. major depressive disorder c. cyclothymia b. bipolar disorder d. dysthymia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 251
27. Because of cultural judgments, about half of Americans with major depression a. fail to receive help from a mental health professional b. attempt suicide c. become hostile and aggressive d. later develop psychoses ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
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28. A client has major depressive disorder. That client is a. most likely to be a female b. most likely to be a male c. equally likely to be a female or a male d. most likely to be a child ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Conceptual 29. Nearly functioning. a. 20% b. 40%
.
.
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of people with moderate to severe depression report impaired work, family, or social
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
c. d.
60% 80%
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30. The annual financial impact of depression in the U.S. is estimated to be in the a. millions c. billions b. hundreds of millions d. trillions
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518
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
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31. Which statement is true about the diagnosis of major depressive disorder? a. It cannot include delusion or hallucinations or the diagnosis is invalid. b. It can include delusions but not hallucination. c. It can include hallucinations but not delusions. d. It can include both delusions and hallucinations. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
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32. Major depressive episode tends to have a pattern of occurrences and a. isolated; fleeting c. isolated; long-lasting b. repeated; fleeting d. repeated; long-lasting ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
symptoms.
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33. Which of the following is true of major depressive disorder? a. Fewer than half of those who suffer an initial major depressive episode will eventually have a recurrence. b. Major depression is never accompanied by psychotic features such as delusions. c. All individuals who experience major depression never have a full return to previous levels of functioning. d. Major depressive disorder can only be diagnosed if the individual began experiencing depressive episodes prior to age 18. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
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34. Initial onset of major depressive disorder is most common among a. children c. young adults b. adolescents d. middle-aged adults ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
.
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35. Which of the following people is MOST likely, statistically, to suffer from depressive disorder? a. An older wealthy, never-married person b. A young, wealthy, never-married person Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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c. d.
An older, poor, married person A young, poor person who is separated or divorced
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Applied
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36. Which of the following people is LEAST likely to develop major depression? a. An older, poor, divorced person b. A young, wealthy, divorced person c. An older, wealthy, married person d. A young, poor person who is separated ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Applied
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37. Factors that place people at increased risk of developing major depression include all of the following except: a. ethnic background. c. religion. b. socioeconomic status. d. race. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
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38. The difference between males and females in relative risk for developing major depressive disorder begins in . a. childhood c. young adulthood b. adolescence d. middle age ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
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39. Leslie finds that every winter she becomes fatigued, excessively sleepy, has a craving for carbohydrates, and puts on weight. In the spring, her symptoms disappear. She is most likely suffering from . a. dysthymic disorder c. bipolar disorder b. cyclothymic disorder d. seasonal affective disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Applied
Page: 254
40. Although the causes of SAD remain unknown, one possibility is that underlying biological rhythms.
may alter the body’s
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a. b. c. d.
seasonal changes in vegetation seasonal changes in light seasonal changes in environmental temperature season changes due to celebration of holidays
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
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41. The gender gap between men and women in rates of depression exists a. only in the United States b. only in nations other than the United States c. only in the United States and Japan d. in the United States and many other countries
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 256 Topic: Thinking Critically About Abnormal Psychology: What Accounts for the Gender Gap in Depression? Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 42. Compared to men, women are at higher risk for developing major depression due to which the following factors? a. Women experience less stress than men and are more prone to boredom. b. The high expectations for achievement advocated by feminist movement are unobtainable for most women and lead to depression. c. Women are less likely to distract themselves when they are depressed. d. Women often turn to alcohol as a form of self-medication. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 256 Topic: Topic: Thinking Critically About Abnormal Psychology: What Accounts for the Gender Gap in Depression? Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 43. Compared to women, men are a. less; less b. less; more
likely to report depression and c. more; less d. more; more
likely to seek treatment for it.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 256 Topic: Topic: Thinking Critically About Abnormal Psychology: What Accounts for the Gender Gap in Depression? Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 44. Research indicates that who ruminate more following the loss of a loved one or when feeling down or sad are more likely to develop severe and prolonged depression. a. neither men nor women c. only men b. only women d. both men and women ANSWER: D Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 256 Topic: Topic: Thinking Critically About Abnormal Psychology: What Accounts for the Gender Gap in Depression? Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 45. The American Psychological Association’s expert panel concluded that women experience more depression than men because . a. of hormonal differences b. men underreport depression due to their belief that it is a sign of weakness c. women encounter more stress in society than men d. they are more passive problem solvers ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 256 Topic: Topic: Thinking Critically About Abnormal Psychology: What Accounts for the Gender Gap in Depression? Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 46. Nolan-Hoeksema proposed that men are less prone to depression because they know how to a. use alcohol to escape from their problems b. joke rather than take problems too seriously c. blame the other person rather than themselves d. distract themselves by doing something they enjoy
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 256 Topic: Topic: Thinking Critically About Abnormal Psychology: What Accounts for the Gender Gap in Depression? Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 47. Both women and men who more after a loved one’s death are more prone to suffer long and severe depression. a. consume large amounts of alcohol c. express anger b. ruminate d. rely on religion ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 256 Topic: Topic: Thinking Critically About Abnormal Psychology: What Accounts for the Gender Gap in Depression? Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 48. The therapy of choice for patients with seasonal affective disorder is a. phototherapy c. chemotherapy b. logotherapy d. physical therapy ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 49. Postpartum "blues" typically last about
.
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.
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a. b.
2 or 3 days 2 weeks
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
2 months 4 months
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50. Anne had a baby about 10 months ago. Ever since, she has had a poor appetite, been unable to sleep (even when the baby wasn't waking her), poor self-esteem, and has been unable to concentrate for any length of time. She is most likely suffering from . a. postpartum blues c. cyclothymic disorder b. postpartum psychoses d. postpartum depression ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Applied
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51. Corrine had a baby one month ago. Since the birth, her moods have varied wildly between tearful to irritable. She has outbursts of sadness and crying and at other times feels out of control. She hears voices telling her that her baby should be returned to the heavens. Corrine is most likely suffering from . a. baby blues c. cyclothymic disorder b. postpartum psychosis d. postpartum depression ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Applied 52. An estimated a. 1 to 5% b. 10 to 15%
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of mothers suffer from some form of postpartum depression. c. 20 to 25% d. 30 to 35%
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
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53. Which of the following women is LEAST likely to develop postpartum depression? a. A first-time mother with a supportive partner b. A single mother c. A second-time motherwith a supportive partner d. A mother with a sick baby ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual
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54. Which of the following women is most at risk for developing postpartum depression? Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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a. b. c. d.
Abigail, a married, moderate income mother with a history of major depression Pamela, a single, adolescent with a supportive family and no history of depression Maria, a recent immigrant to the U.S. who has a working husband and supportive family nearby Heather, a mother of three with a good income and healthcare benefits
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Applied
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55. A depressive disorder which often develops during childhood or adolescence, involves less severe symptoms than major depression, but has a longer lasting, more chronic pattern of development, and often results in sufferers being seen as "whiny" or "complaining" would be classified as in the DSM-5. a. dysthymic disorder c. bipolar disorder b. cyclothymic disorder d. persistent depressive disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.2 Skill: Factual
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56. In the DSM-5, dysthymia is also referred to as a. persistent depressive disorder b. bipolar disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.2 Skill: Factual
c. d.
. low-grade depressive disorder hypodepressive disorder
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57. The word "dysthymia" stems from the Greek words meaning a. melancholy c. bad spirit b. sorrowful d. circle spirit ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.2 Skill: Factual
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58. Compared to major depression, dysthymia has a. less; shorter c. b. less; longer d. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.2 Skill: Factual 59. a. b.
45 60
.
severe symptoms and is more; shorter more; longer
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percent of people with dysthymia eventually develop major depression. c. 75 d. 90 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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in duration.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.2 Skill: Factual 60. Dysthymic disorder affects about a. 4 b. 14 ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.2 Skill: Factual 61. Dysthymia is a. less b. more
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percent of the general population at some point. c. 24 d. 34
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common in men than in women. c. equally as d. twice as
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 257
62. Others often perceive people with dysthymic disorder as . a. whining and complaining c. arrogant and demanding b. selfish and impulsive d. unpredictable and irresponsible ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.2 Skill: Factual
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63. A major depressive episode occurring concurrently with dysthymic disorder is called a. cyclothymic disorder c. anhedonia b. bipolar disorder d. double depression ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.2 Skill: Factual 64. a. b.
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was introduced as a new diagnostic category in the DSM-5. Dysthymic disorder c. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder Cyclothymic disorder d. Bipolar II disorder
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 260
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.
65. Each month, one week prior to the onset of her menstrual cycle, Melissa experiences mood swings, sudden tearfulness, feelings of hopelessness, irritability and negative thoughts about herself. These symptoms cause significant impairment in her functioning and lessen in severity within a few days following the onset of menses. Melissa is likely to be diagnosed with . a. dysthymic disorder c. cyclothymic disorder b. premenstrual dysphoric disorder d. bipolar II disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.3 Skill: Applied 66. a. b.
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of women experience moderate to severe mood-related premenstrual symptoms. Less than 10% c. About 35% About 25% d. More than 50%
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.3 Skill: Factual
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67. Approximately of women experience premenstrual physical or mood-related symptoms severe enough to interfere with their daily functioning, including causing absenteeism from work or producing significant emotional distress. a. 10% c. 30% b. 20% d. 50% ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.3 Skill: Factual
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68. People who have severe mood swings from extreme elation to severe depression are suffering from a. dysthymic disorder c. bipolar disorder b. cyclothymic disorder d. double depression ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual
.
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69. Alex has severe mood swings from extreme elation and hyperactivity to major depression. One moment he feels like he's on top of the world, the next moment he feels suicidal. He is probably suffering from . a. dysthymic disorder c. bipolar disorder b. cyclothymic disorder d. double depression ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Applied
Page: 260
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70. In bipolar disorder, manic episodes are usually episodes. a. shorter; less c. b. shorter; more d. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual
in duration and end longer; more longer; less
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71. In An Unquiet Mind, Kay Redfield Jamison described her struggles with a. dysthymic c. cyclothymic b. major depressive d. bipolar ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual 72. The DSM distinguishes between a. two b. three ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual
abruptly than depressive
disorder.
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general types of bipolar disorder. c. four d. five
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73. The essential feature of bipolar I disorder is the occurrence of at least one full-blown a. major depressive c. hypomanic b. dysthymic d. manic ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual
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74. In bipolar II disorder, a person experiences episodes. a. has experienced neither manic nor hypomanic b. manic episodes, but has not experienced hypomanic c. hypomanic episodes, but has not experienced manic d. has experienced both manic and hypomanic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Conceptual 75. Bipolar I disorder affects about a. 1%
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of the adult population. c. 8%
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episode.
b.
5%
d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual 76. Bipolar II disorder affects a. less than 1% b. about 5% ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual
12%
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of the adult population. c. about 11% d. about 15%
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77. The average age of onset for bipolar disorder for both men and women is about age a. 13 c. 27 b. 20 d. 34 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual 78. Women are a. half b. equally
.
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as likely as men to develop bipolar I disorder. c. twice d. four times
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual
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79. In men, the onset of bipolar I disorder typically begins with a begins with a episode. a. major depressive; manic b. manic; major depressive c. hypomanic; manic d. hypomanic; major depressive ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual
episode, whereas with women it usually
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80. The onset of bipolar I disorder usually begins with a . a. manic episode for both men and women b. manic episode for men and a major depressive episode for women c. manic episode for women and a major depressive episode for men d. major depressive episode for both men and women Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual
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81. An individual with a bipolar I disorder who experiences two or more full cycles of mania and depression within a year without intervening normal periods is considered to have . a. rapid cycling c. mixed cycling b. sequential cycling d. differentiated cycling ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual
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82. In the rapid cycling type of bipolar disorder, the individual experiences at least of mania or depression within a year. a. two c. six b. four d. eight ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual 83. Rapid cycling is relatively a. uncommon; less b. common; less ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual 84. Rapid cycling is associated with a a. less; more b. more; less ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual
or more full cycles
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and occurs c. d.
often among men than women. uncommon; more common; more
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severe form of the disorder and c. less; less d. more; more
serious suicide attempts.
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85. Guillermo was having a normal day when suddenly he felt an overwhelming expansion of his mood. He now feels euphoric, cheerful, optimistic, has boundless energy, and feels sociable and confident. However, he is also hyperactive, impulsive, demanding, and overbearing. His behavior is typical of a . a. bipolar episode c. manic episode b. hypomanic episode d. dysthymic episode ANSWER: C Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Learning Objective: 7.4 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Skill: Applied
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86. Don suddenly quit his job, enrolled in law school for day classes, took on a job waiting tables at night, and began organizing charity drives on weekends. He also began work on his "great American novel" and offered to coach a little league team in his "spare time." His behavior is typical of someone having a . a. hypomanic episode c. cyclothymic episode b. dysthymic episode d. manic episode ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Applied
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87. Which of the following is characteristic of manic episodes? a. Insatiable appetite c. Weeping b. Overbearing behavior d. Selfishness ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual
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88. A person who speaks very rapidly and urgently and has difficulty pausing has a. circumstantial speech c. pressured speech b. euphoric speech d. tangential speech ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual
.
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89. People in a manic episode generally experience which of the following? a. Extreme self-confidence b. A lack of self-confidence c. Lethargy d. Slow, rambling speech ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual
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90. The tendency of a person to jump from topic to topic during a manic episode is referred to as a. multidirectional cognitions c. rapid flight of ideas b. accelerated thought d. quickness on the feet ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
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.
Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual 91. During a manic episode, bipolar people almost always show a decreased need for a. sex c. creativity b. new achievements d. sleep ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual
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92. The term "cyclothymia" is derived from the Greek terms meaning a. melancholy c. bad spirited b. phlegmatic d. circle spirit ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.5 Skill: Factual
.
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93. Cyclothymic disorder may be of the bipolar disorders but tends to be practice. a. the most common; underdiagnosed b. the least common; overdiagnosed c. the most researched; the most difficult to diagnose d. about as common as the other forms; overdiagnosed ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.5 Skill: Factual
in clinical
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94. Cyclothymic disorder usually begins in one's a. early childhood c. b. early adolescence d. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.5 Skill: Factual
.
. late adolescence or early adulthood late adulthood
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95. Among people with cyclothymic disorder, few, if any, periods of normal mood last for more than a a. day or two c. month or two b. week or two d. year or two ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 264
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96. A disorder characterized by a cyclical pattern of mild mood swings, not reaching the level of full-blown manic episodes or major depressive episodes is . a. dysthymic disorder c. anhedonnia b. cyclothymic disorder d. anencephaly ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.5 Skill: Factual
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97. To meet the DSM criteria for a diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder, disturbances of mood in adults must persist for at least . a. 1 year c. 3 years b. 2 years d. 4 years ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.5 Skill: Factual
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98. Cyclothymic disorder is characterized by the occurrence of a. major depressive c. hypomanic b. psychotic d. manic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.5 Skill: Factual
episodes.
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99. Dave is having a normal day when suddenly he feels charged with energy and unusually alert. He knows that when he gets these feelings he is capable of working long hours with little fatigue or need of sleep. He is still capable of using good judgment and has no hyperactivity. He is best described as having a . a. dysthymic episode c. hypomanic episode b. manic episode d. paranoid episode ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.5 Skill: Applied
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100. A period of elevated mood that is less severe than a manic episode is called a(n) a. exhilaration c. acceleration b. hypomanic d. hypermanic ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.5 Skill: Factual 101. According to your text, approximately
episode.
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percent of those with cyclothymia go on to develop full-
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fledged bipolar disorder. a. one in two b. half ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.5 Skill: Factual
c. d.
two out of three one in three
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102. Unemployed people are at highest risk for developing which of the following mood disorders? a. Cyclothymic disorder c. Bipolar disorder b. Dysthymic disorder d. Major depressive disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 265 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.6 Skill: Applied 103. Which of the following is true of depression and stress? a. Experimental research has demonstrated causal links between stress and depression. b. The relationship between stress and depression is not impacted by social support. c. Some research indicates that depression is often preceded by significant life stress. d. Overly-concerned family and friends may make it more difficult to overcome a depressive episode. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 265 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.6 Skill: Conceptual 104. Identify the characteristic that has been found to insulate people from depression and suicide attempts during times of stress. a. Wealth c. Successful marriage b. Use of alcohol as a relaxant d. Regular aerobic exercise ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 266 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.6 Skill: Factual 105. A recent study suggests that stress associated with interpersonal problems contributes to depression in young people, but only among those who . a. have trouble asserting themselves b. have a family history of depression c. were children of divorce d. tend to think negatively ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 265 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.6 Skill: Conceptual
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106. A normal grief reaction to the death of a loved one is . a. major depression c. mild depression b. bereavement d. reactive depression ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 265 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.6 Skill: Conceptual 107. Lucy has been depressed since her mother died last month. She has difficulty sleeping and has lost her appetite. Lucy is suffering from . a. major depression c. mild depression b. bereavement d. reactive depression ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 265 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.6 Skill: Applied 108. Freud believed that pathological mourning was most likely to occur in people who had powerful feelings of toward the dead person. a. love c. anger b. ambivalence d. dependence ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 266 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.7 Skill: Factual 109. Freud believed that mourning, or normal bereavement, is a. a psychologically healthy process b. a symptom of inner conflict c. a sign of emotional immaturity d. a symptom of an underlying pathological process
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 266 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.7 Skill: Conceptual 110. Psychodynamic theories see bipolar disorder as the result of shifting dominance between the a. id and ego c. ego and superego b. id and superego d. conscious and unconscious ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 266 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.7 Skill: Conceptual 111. Recent psychodynamic theories see depression as a. loss of self-worth or self-esteem
.
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.
b. c. d.
the result of an existence lacking in meaning overdependence on parental figures for love and support anger turned inward
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 266 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.7 Skill: Conceptual 112. Carl's wife has just left him for another man. While everyone else can see that Carl's relationship with his wife is truly over, he continues to dwell on ways that he can somehow restore the relationship. He cannot bear the loss of self-esteem and security he has suffered since his wife left him. Carl's actions are best explained by the model of depression. a. introjection c. existential b. self-focusing d. interactional ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 266 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.7 Skill: Applied 113. According to the self-focusing model, can help to overcome the loss of self-esteem and the insecurity that leads to depression after the loss of an important relationship. a. surrendering the relationship b. developing a greater sense of spirituality c. immersing oneself in a charitable experience d. traveling away from the scene of the loss for at least a week ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 266 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.7 Skill: Conceptual 114. Research has shown that people suffering from depression engage in following an experience of failure. a. higher level of introjection c. higher level of self-focusing b. lower level of introjection d. lower level of self-focusing ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 266 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.7 Skill: Factual 115.
A limitation of the self-focused attention model of depression is that . a. self-focused attention is more pervasive in society than in prior decades b. self-focused attention is more generally linked to psychopathology c. research has not been conducted to support the link d. certain popular child-rearing techniques have emphasized self-focus ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 267 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 7.7 Skill: Conceptual 116. From the humanistic perspective, depression arises from . a. anger turned inward b. imbalanced social interactions c. inadequate social reinforcement d. lack of self-fulfillment, meaning, and authentic choices in life ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 267 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.8 Skill: Conceptual 117. Both humanistic and modern psychodynamic theorists focus on a. inadequate social relationships and support b. anger turned inward c. loss of self-esteem d. lack of self-fulfillment and meaning in life
as a causal factor in depression.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 267 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.8 Skill: Conceptual 118. Learning perspectives tend to focus on a. personal factors b. unconscious conflicts
c. d.
that contribute to depression. esteem factors situational factors
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 267 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.9 Skill: Conceptual 119. According to Lewinsohn, the low rate of activity typical of depressed individuals may also be a source of . a. secondary reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. extinction d. stimulus discrimination ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 268 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.9 Skill: Factual 120. Peter Lewinsohn proposed that depression results from an imbalance between behavior and a. ability c. motivation b. reinforcement d. thought ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 268
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.
Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.9 Skill: Conceptual 121. Gina, who has suffered from a major depressive disorder, is seeking help from a therapist who follows Lewinsohn’s model linking depression and reinforcement. The therapist will probably advise Gina to increase her . a. serotonin levels b. pleasurable activities c. communications with friends and relatives d. self-focus ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 268 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.9 Skill: Applied 122. The belief that depressed people make unrealistic demands on the people around them, leading to rejection by those people, is called . a. situational theory c. interactional theory b. self-focus theory d. humanistic theory ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 268 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.9 Skill: Conceptual 123. Which of the following is true of the social interactions of depressed people? a. They tend to respond too quickly to others. b. They are very approving of other people. c. They tend to be quite eager to engage with others. d. They tend to be uninvolved and even impolite when interacting with others. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 269 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.9 Skill: Conceptual 124. Coyne’s interactional theory is based on the principle of . a. coordinated communication c. reciprocal inhibition b. relational harmony d. reciprocal interaction ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 269 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.9 Skill: Conceptual 125. Research on interaction theory indicates that may best explain why depressed people are often rejected by others. a. unrealistic demands by the depressed person b. a lack of social skills in the depressed person c. a lack of emotional energy in the depressed person Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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d.
insensitivity by those surrounding the depressed person
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 269 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.9 Skill: Factual 126. Cognitive theorists argue that depression results partially from a. anger turned inward b. imbalanced social interactions c. negative beliefs about oneself d. a life lacking in purpose and meaning
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 269 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Conceptual 127. The "cognitive triad of depression" is a concept pioneered by a. Wolpe c. Ellis b. Lazarus d. Beck
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 269 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 128. Which of the following beliefs is in the cognitive triad of depression? a. Negative beliefs about life b. Negative beliefs about one’s family c. Negative beliefs about the world at large d. Negative beliefs about the past ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 269 (Table 7.3) Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 129. Aaron Beck refers to an error in thinking as a. cognitive dissonance c. b. cognitive distortion d.
. cognitive selection cognitive erosion
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 269 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 130. According to Aaron Beck, life event. a. cognitive selection b. cognitive erosion
sets the stage for depression when one faces a personal loss or negative c. d.
cognitive dissonance cognitive distortion
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ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 269 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Conceptual 131. Which of the following is one of the 10 cognitive distortions related to depression as described by Burns? a. All or nothing thinking c. Compartmentalization b. Analytical reasoning d. Objectivism ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 269 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 132. According to David Burns, a depressed individual who is dismissive of congratulations for a job well done and thinks “Oh, it’s no big deal. Anyone could have done it,” is engaging in the cognitive distortion of . a. overgeneralization b. emotional reasoning c. disqualifying the positive d. labeling and mislabeling ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 133. An individual who routinely predicts that something bad is always about to happen even when there is no evidence to support this thinking is engaging in a type of cognitive distortion identified by David Burns as . a. mind reading b. fortune telling c. overgeneralizing d. weather forecasting ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 134. Albert Ellis felt that creating unrealistic expectations, which he termed depressed when one falls short. a. shoulding b. labeling c. musterbation d. incantation
, can lead one to become
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Skill: Factual 135. Judd is a perfectionist. His cognitive distortion is most likely to be . a. overgeneralization c. should statements b. emotional reasoning d. all or nothing reasoning ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 269 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 136. After Jed was "dumped" by his girlfriend, he began thinking that women cannot be trusted. He promised never to let himself get involved with another woman again, because "she will leave me just like my last girlfriend did." His cognitive error is . a. labeling and mislabeling c. overgeneralization b. emotional reasoning d. mental filter ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 137. Luke reviews his annual performance evaluation from his boss. Although there is only one negative comment on the entire evaluation, Luke ignores the positive comments and focuses only on the negative comment. His cognitive error is . a. overgeneralization c. disqualifying the positive b. labeling and mislabeling d. mental filter ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 138. Selective abstraction is a process used in which of the following cognitive distortions? a. Magnification and minimization c. Jumping to conclusions b. Mental filter d. Labeling and mislabeling ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Conceptual 139. The process of pulling isolated negative details from an event and ignoring all the positive details from the same event, is known as . a. catastrophizing c. selective abstraction b. musterbation d. personalization ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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140. After winning a big competition at work, Fred dismisses the compliments he receives by saying, "Oh, it's nothing. Anyone could have done it!" His cognitive error is . a. overgeneralization c. disqualifying the positive b. labeling and mislabeling d. mental filter ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 141. Mac has a pain in his chest. Despite the fact that he just ate ten tacos and a can of refried beans, he convinces himself that he must be having a heart attack. His cognitive error is . a. jumping to conclusions c. emotional reasoning b. mental filter d. labeling and mislabeling ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 142. The “fortune teller error” and “mind reading” are both typical of . a. jumping to conclusions c. emotional reasoning b. mental filter d. labeling and mislabeling ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 143. Ramon is taking a final exam. When he reaches the first question to which he does not know the answer, he begins worrying that he will miss the other questions too, which will result in his failing the test, which will result in his failing the class, which will result in his flunking out of school, which will abruptly terminate his future career as a lawyer. His cognitive error is . a. magnification c. disqualifying the positive b. mental filter d. overgeneralization ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 144. Catastrophizing is a process used in which of the following cognitive distortions? a. Magnification and minimization c. Jumping to conclusions b. Labeling and mislabeling d. Mental filter ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Conceptual
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145. A cognitive distortion in which one interprets feelings and events based on emotions rather than a fair consideration of the evidence is known as . a. should statements c. mental filter b. emotional reasoning d. overgeneralization ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Conceptual 146. Tyrone wakes up one morning feeling guilty. He's not sure why he feels guilty but he tells himself "I must have done something wrong or I wouldn't feel so guilty!" He then begins to think of all the things he's done recently for which he ought to feel guilty. His cognitive error is . a. “should” statements c. mental filter b. emotional reasoning d. overgeneralization ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 147. "Musterbation" is a process used in which of the following cognitive distortions? a. Magnification and minimization c. Overgeneralization b. Jumping to conclusions d. “Should” statements ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 148. Lloyd gets a poor grade on a test, despite extensive studying for it. He immediately thinks "I am really stupid!" When other students tease him about his poor grade, he calls them "insensitive jerks." His cognitive error is . a. overgeneralization c. labeling and mislabeling b. mental filter d. jumping to conclusions ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 149. Mel walks into his house one night and finds his wife sitting at the dinner table crying. He immediately thinks "What have I done to hurt her?" His cognitive error is . a. personalization c. overgeneralization b. mental filter d. magnification ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied
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150. The idea that different types of disorders are characterized by different types of thoughts is called the . a. cognitive triad c. multiple cognition theory b. cognitive-generativity hypothesis d. cognitive-specificity hypothesis ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 271 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 151. Which of the following is an automatic thought associated with depression? a. I'm worthless. c. I am not a healthy person. b. I need to make more friends. d. I need to exercise more. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 272 (Table 7.4) Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 152. Which of the following is an automatic thought associated more with depression than anxiety? a. I'm losing my mind. c. Something will happen to my appearance. b. I'm a social failure. d. I'm going to have an accident. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 272 (Table 7.4) Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 153. Which of the following is an automatic thought associated with anxiety? a. I will never overcome my problems. c. I’m losing my mind. b. I’m a social failure. d. I’m worse off than they are. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 272 (Table 7.4) Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Conceptual 154. Which of the following is an automatic thought associated more with anxiety than with depression? a. I'm worthless. c. Nothing ever works out for me anymore. b. I'm worse off than they are. d. I'm losing my mind. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 272 (Table 7.4) Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Conceptual 155. Research regarding depression and distorted negative cognitions . a. indicates that distorted thinking causes depression b. indicates that distorted thinking and depression develop at the same time c. indicates that depression leads to distorted negative thinking d. is not yet clear as to whether distorted thinking causes or is merely a feature of Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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depression ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 272 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 156. Sam is depressed. He's been depressed for so long that he no longer believes he can do anything to improve his life or his future. He believes nothing he does will make any difference. Sam has developed . a. cyclothymic disorder c. learned helplessness b. cognitive dissonance d. cognitive specificity ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 272 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 157. The concept of learned helplessness was pioneered by . a. Beck c. Seligman b. Burns d. Lewinsohn ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 272 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 158. Martin Seligman developed the a. cognitive specificity b. cognitive distortion
theory to explain the cause of depression. c. interactional d. learned helplessness
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 272 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 159. Seligman believes that people learn to perceive themselves as helpless because of their a. experiences c. ordinal traits b. cardinal traits d. failure to self-actualize ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 272 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Conceptual 160. The learned helplessness model straddles the a. psychodynamic; behavioral c. b. psychodynamic; humanistic d.
and the approaches. humanistic; cognitive behavioral; cognitive
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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.
Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Conceptual 161. In Seligman's model, dogs exposed to an inescapable electric shock, later escapable shock. a. failed to learn escape responses b. took longer than normal to learn escape responses c. learned escape responses normally d. learned escape responses more quickly than normal
when exposed to an
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 272 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 162. Seligman proposed that some forms of depression in humans could be explained in terms of a. cognitive dissonance c. cognitive specificity b. loss of self-esteem d. learned helplessness
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 272 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Conceptual 163. In Seligman's research, animals that developed learned helplessness showed behaviors that were similar to those of people with . a. depression c. autism b. anxiety d. schizophrenia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 272 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 164. Which of the following behaviors are shared by animals and humans with learned helplessness? a. Paranoia c. Competitiveness b. Attention seeking d. Difficulty acquiring new skills ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 272 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 165. The original learned helplessness model the low self-esteem typical of people who are depressed and the variations in the persistence of depression. a. fails to explain; does not account for b. explains; does not account for c. fails to explain; accounts for d. explains; accounts for ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 273
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Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Conceptual 166. Seligman and his colleagues proposed that some forms of depression in humans could be explained in terms of . a. cognitive dissonance c. cognitive specificity b. loss of self-esteem d. attributional style ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 167. A personal style of explaining one’s situation in life is known as a. perceptual c. attributional b. interactive d. self-actuating
style.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 168. Which of the following is one of the three dimensions of attributional style proposed by Seligman and his colleagues? a. Open/closed c. Stable/unstable b. Positive/negative d. Inquisitive/accepting ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 169. Eric goes on a disastrous date. Afterwards he says "Some couples just don't hit it off!" His statement reflects a(n) attribution. a. internal c. global b. external d. stable ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 170. Reggie goes on a disastrous date. Afterwards he says "I really messed it up this time!" His statement reflects a(n) attribution. a. internal c. global b. external d. stable ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Skill: Applied 171. Brock goes on a disastrous date. Afterwards he says "I really messed it up because of my lousy personality!" His statement reflects a(n) attribution. a. stable c. external b. specific d. unstable ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 172. Matt goes on a disastrous date. Afterwards he says "I really messed it up. It must be this head cold, which ruined things for me." His statements reflect a(n) attribution. a. global c. internal b. unstable d. stable ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 173. Art goes on a disastrous date. Afterwards he says "I really messed it up. I guess I'm just no good with women!" His statements reflect a(n) attribution. a. global c. external b. specific d. unstable ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 174. Ricky goes on a disastrous date. Afterwards he says "I really messed it up. My problem is that I don't know how to make small talk with women!" His statements reflect a(n) attribution. a. global c. external b. specific d. unstable ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 175. Leo goes on a disastrous date. Afterwards he says "What an awful time! I guess she was just in a bad mood!" His statements reflect attributions. a. internal, stable, global c. internal, unstable, global b. external, unstable, specific d. external, stable, specific ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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176. Leo goes on a disastrous date. Afterwards he says "I really messed it up because of my lousy personality!" His statements reflect attributions. a. internal, stable, global c. internal, unstable, specific b. internal, unstable, global d. internal, stable, specific ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 177. Juan goes on a disastrous date. Afterwards he says "I really messed up! My problem is I just haven't learned how to make small talk with women!" His statements reflect attributions. a. internal, stable, global c. internal, unstable, specific b. internal, unstable, global d. internal, stable, specific ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Applied 178. Of the attributional styles listed below, which is MOST likely to be related to prolonged depression if the attributions are negative? a. external, stable, specific c. internal, unstable, specific b. external, unstable, global d. internal, stable, global ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Conceptual 179. Of the attributional styles listed below, which is LEAST likely to be related to prolonged depression if the attributions are negative? a. external, stable, global c. internal, unstable, specific b. external, unstable, specific d. internal, stable, global ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Conceptual 180. The reformulated helplessness theory holds that attributions are linked to diminished self-esteem. a. global c. specific b. stable d. internal ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Conceptual 181. The reformulated helplessness theory holds that
attributions explain the persistence, or chronicity,
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of helplessness cognitions. a. global b. stable
c. d.
external internal
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Conceptual 182. The reformulated helplessness theory holds that attributions are associated with the pervasiveness of feelings of general helplessness. a. global c. specific b. stable d. internal ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Conceptual 183. The concordance rate between monozygotic twins for major mood disorders is more than _ dizygotic twins. a. equal to c. three times b. twice d. four times
the rate in
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 274 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.11 Skill: Factual 184. Which statement most accurately reflects the current understanding of causative factors in the development of major depression? a. Genetics play a greater role than environment. b. Environment plays a greater role than genetics. c. Environment plays at least as great a role as genetics. d. Personality style is more important than either genetics or environment. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 274 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.11 Skill: Conceptual 185. The chance of developing depression following major life stress is doubled in people whoinherit a gene involved in the transmission of . a. viruses that strike during infancy c. radical nucleotides b. proneness to migraine headaches d. serotonin ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 274 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.11 Skill: Factual
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186. Antidepressant drugs have been designed to increase levels of serotonin and a. amitriptyline c. dopamine b. norepinephrine d. cortisol
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 274 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.11 Skill: Factual 187. Brain imaging studies show lower metabolic activity of the _ a. temporal lobe c. medulla b. prefrontal cortex d. hippocampus
in clinically depressed people.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 276 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.11 Skill: Factual 188. Recent research on biological factors of depression show evidence for which of the following? a. Depression involves too few receptors on receiving neurons for neurotransmitters. b. Depression involves abnormalities in the cerebellum. c. Depression involves excesses of certain neurotransmitters. d. Depression involves abnormalities in the parietal lobe. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 275 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.11 Skill: Factual 189. Which food substance has been linked to lower risks of mood disorders? a. Red wine c. Fish oil b. Blueberries d. Spinach ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 275 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.11 Skill: Factual 190. Adding a. alpha-4 b. beta-3
fatty acids in supplement form can improve treatment through antidepressant medication. c. iota-6 d. omega-3
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 277 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.11 Skill: Factual 191. There is a strong relationship between eating a. dark chocolate c. b. seafood d.
and low rates of bipolar disorder. strawberries walnuts
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ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 277 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.11 Skill: Factual 192. Among the following countries, the lowest rate of bipolar disorder has been found in a. Germany c. Italy b. Iceland d. Israel
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 277 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.11 Skill: Factual 193. Genetics appears to play a. a much weaker b. a weaker
role in bipolar disorder than it does in major depressive disorder. c. a stronger d. about the same
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 276 Topic: Causal Factors in Bipolar Disorder Learning Objective: 7.12 Skill: Factual 194. Research has shown the concordance rates for bipolar disorder to be for dyzotic twins. a. 16%; 23% c. 33%; 23% b. 23%; 27% d. 43%; 6% ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 276 Topic: Causal Factors in Bipolar Disorder Learning Objective: 7.12 Skill: Factual
for monozygotic twins and
195. Researchers in Sweden showed a higher risk of bipolar disorder with a. greater paternal age at birth, especially when the fathers was over 55 b. greater paternal age at birth, especially when the fathers was over 45 b. lower paternal age at birth, especially when the fathers was under 25 d. lower paternal age at birth, especially when the fathers was under 20
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 276 Topic: Causal Factors in Bipolar Disorder Learning Objective: 7.12 Skill: Factual 196. Among people with bipolar disorder, social support appears to the likelihood of future attacks. a. have no effect on; reduce c. speed; reduce b. have no effect on; increase d. speed; increase
recovery frommood episodes and
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 276 Topic: Causal Factors in Bipolar Disorder Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 7.12 Skill: Factual 197. Recent research indicates can enhance the functioning of bipolar patients. a. doubling the normal amount of medication b. having a tightly structured schedule c. eliminating seafood and caffeine-rich foods d. social support from family members and friends ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 276 Topic: Causal Factors in Bipolar Disorder Learning Objective: 7.12 Skill: Factual 198. Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on helping depressed patients . a. turn their anger outward and express it verbally b. develop a positive sense of self-worth through new goals and relationships c. expand their awareness of their authentic feelings d. modify behaviors that contribute to depression ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Conceptual
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199. Modern psychoanalysts focus on helping depressed patients a. turn their anger outward and express it verbally b. focus on present as well as past conflicted relationships c. expand their awareness of their authentic feelings d. modify behaviors that contribute to depression ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Conceptual
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200. Interpersonal psychotherapy focuses on a. resolving unconscious conflicts b. changing learning schedules ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Factual
. c. d.
current relationships helping a person to self-actualize
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201. Interpersonal psychotherapy is relatively relationships. a. brief; past b. brief; current ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
.
and focuses on a client’s c. d.
interpersonal
long; past long; current
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Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Factual 202. Interpersonal psychodynamic therapy differs from traditional psychoanalysis in that it a. focuses on current relationships b. emphasizes sexual themes in early childhood conflicts c. focuses on behavioral techniques to supplement traditional psychoanalysis d. emphasizes adolescent social experiences as a source of anxiety ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Factual
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203. Interpersonal therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for a. bipolar 1 c. cyclothymia b. bipolar II d. major depression ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Factual
.
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204. Behavioral psychologists focus on helping depressed patients . a. turn their anger outward and express it verbally b. develop a positive sense of self-worth through new goals and relationships c. expand their awareness of their authentic feelings d. develop more effective social and interpersonal skills ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Conceptual
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205. Cognitive psychologists focus on helping depressed patients . a. change their dysfunctional thinking patterns b. develop a positive sense of self-worth through new goals and relationships c. expand their awareness of their authentic feelings d. modify behaviors that contribute to depression ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Conceptual 206. Cognitive therapy, a. like; brief b. unlike; brief
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behavioral therapy, entails a(n) _ therapy format. c. unlike; extended d. like; extended
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 279
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.
Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Factual 207. Cognitive behavior therapy appears to be a. less effective than b. significantly less effective than ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Factual
c. d.
antidepressant medications in treating depression. as effective as significantly more effective than
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208. Research has demonstrated that a combination of psychotherapy and antidepressant medication produced outcomes for treatment of depression compared to either treatment alone. a. approximately equal c. slightly worse b. slightly better d. much better ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Factual
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209. A biological approach to the treatment of mood disorders could involve which of the following? a. Cingulotomy c. A prefrontal lobotomy b. Insulin therapy d. Electroconvulsive therapy ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Applied
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210. Which of the following drugs (or drug groups) is used to treat depressive disorders? a. Electrolytes c. Lithium b. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors d. Benzodiazepines ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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211. Tricyclic antidepressants work by interfering with the reuptake of . a. cortisol and thyroxin c. serotonin and cortisol b. epinephrine and norepinephrine d. norepinephrine and serotonin ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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212. Prozac relieves depression primarily by raising levels of
in the brain.
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a. b.
serotonin acetylcholine
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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213. MAO inhibitors interfere with the action of a. serotonin c. b. monoamine oxidase d. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
endorphins monoamine oxidase
. dexamethasone norepinephrine
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214. The potential side effects of _ include psychomotor retardation, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention, confusion, delirium, low blood pressure, and potentially suicidal overdoses because of high toxicity. a. SSRIs c. tricyclics b. neuroleptics d. lithium ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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215. The potential side effects of _ include psychomotor retardation, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention, confusion, delirium, and cardiovascular complications. a. MAO inhibitors c. SSRIs b. neuroleptics d. lithium ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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216. Significant side-effects of include upset stomach, headaches, agitation, insomnia, lack of sexual drive, and impaired sexual responsiveness. a. SSRIs c. lithium b. MAO inhibitors d. tricyclics ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual 217. SSRIs are a. less; fewer b. less; more
toxic and have
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side effects than MAO inhibitors and tricyclics. c. more; fewer d. more; more
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ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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218. Overall, about percent of depressed patients treated on an outpatient basis respond favorably to either psychotherapy or antidepressant medication alone. a. 10 to 30 c. 50 to 70 b. 30 to 50 d. 70 to 90 ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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219. Adding therapy to medication treatment may help reduce the risk of relapse in depressed patients after the medication is withdrawn. a. ECT c. interpersonal b. St. John’s Wort d. cognitive-behavioral ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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220. Research indicates that in treating severe depression, ECT is . a. neither safe nor effective c. effective but unsafe due to its side-effects b. safe but not effective d. safe and effective ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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221. Electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat a. major depressive disorder b. cyclothymia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual 222. In ECT, a current of between a. 10 to 70 b. 70 to 130 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders
c. d.
in people who fail to respond to medication. dysthymia bipolar disorder
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volts is passed through a patient's brain. c. 130 to 200 d. 200 to 270
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Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual 223. ECT is usually administered in a series of 6 to 12 treatments over a period of several a. hours c. weeks b. days d. months ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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224. Recent research on ECT suggested that it leads to improvement in who have failed to respond to antidepressants. a. virtually no c. a large minority of b. only a small minority of d. a majority of ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual 225. ECT has a. a low b. a high
people with major depression
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rate of relapse following treatment. c. neither a high nor a low d. a highly variable
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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226. A significant risk for people treated with ECT is . a. thyroid cancer c. memory loss b. brain cancer d. migraine headaches ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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227. Which of the following is true of ECT? a. It can have dramatic effects on reducing suicidal thinking. b. It works because it reroutes neural messages. c. It induces a convulsion that is similar to a petit mal seizure. d. It can also be effectively used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
.
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228. The first people to use lithium as a form of chemotherapy were the . a. Aztecs c. druids b. ancient Greeks and Romans d. Medieval monks of France ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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229. Bipolar disorder is most commonly treated with . a. tricyclics c. lithium b. MAO inhibitors d. reserpine ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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230. Which of the following is true of lithium? a. It can lead to dramatic weight loss. b. It can lead to sleep problems. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
c. d.
It can cause diabetes. It diminishes motor speed.
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231. Tegretol and Depakote are drugs originally used to treat . a. muscular dystrophy c. Parkinson’s disease b. epilepsy d. dysthymic disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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232. Tegretol and Depakote can be used to treat a. major depressive disorder c. b. seasonal affective disorder d. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual 233.
. dysthymia bipolar disorder
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drugs have been used to treat people with bipolar disorder who do not respond to lithium or cannot tolerate it. a. Antipsychotic c. Anticonvulsive b. Anti-inflammatory d. Antihistamine ANSWER: C Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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234. Which of the following statements is true about gender-related coping styles differences? a. Men are more likely to ruminate and women are more likely to abuse alcohol. b. Men are more likely to abuse alcohol and women are more likely to ruminate. c. Men and women are equally likely to abuse alcohol or ruminate. d. Men are more likely to abuse alcohol and women are less likely to ruminate. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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235. Franz Mesmer believed that hysteria was caused by an underlying imbalance of a. neurotransmitters c. blood b. hormones d. magnetic fluids ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
in the body.
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236. A promising new treatment alternative to ECT for cases of major depression who do not respond to pharmacological treatment is . a. dialectical behavior therapy c. day treatment intensive group therapy b. transcranial magnetic stimulation d. transdermal seratonergic patch ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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237. A possible negative side effect of TMS is the risk of . a. cancer c. memory loss b. seizures d. sexual apathy ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual
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238. The part of the brain that appears to be directly affected by TMS is the a. prefrontal cortex c. limbic system b. hindbrain d. reticular activating system ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14
.
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Skill: Factual 239. Suicide is the a. first b. second
leading cause of death among college students. c. ninth d. thirteenth
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
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240. About Americans attempt suicide each year. a. 100,000 c. 400,000 b. 250,000 d. 500,000 ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual 241. About a. 41,000 b. 63,000
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Americans commit suicide each year. c. 94,000 d. 122,000
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
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242. The Federal government estimates that about mood disorder. a. 40 c. b. 60 d. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
percent of people who commit suicide suffer from a 80 100
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243. The Federal government estimates that the majority of people who commit suicide suffer from a a. psychotic c. mood disorder b. somatoform d. personality disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual 244. Suicide is most likely among a. teenagers b. young adults
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. c. d.
children elderly adults
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.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
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245. Who among the following is MOST likely to commit suicide? a. An African American teenage male b. A white middle-aged female c. An African American female in her mid-twenties d. An elderly white male ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Applied
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246. Which of the following is suspected of causing the increase in the suicide rate among the elderly? a. They are worse off economically than they were in earlier decades. b. Many fear financial exploitation by their children. c. Today's increased tolerance of suicide as a means of "solving" problems may make it seem to be an acceptable alternative. d. The media and current culture are youth-focused and sends messages that to be old is not good. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
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247. American are more likely to attempt suicide. are more likely to succeed in a suicide attempt. a. men; Men c. women; Men b. men; Women d. women; Women ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual 248. Men are most likely to use a. their cars b. poison ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual 249. Compared to women, men use a. slower; less b. quicker; less
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in their suicide attempts. c. hanging d. guns
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-acting and lethal means in their suicide attempts. c. slower; more d. quicker; more
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ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
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250. In the United States, for every female suicide a. there is one male suicide c. b. there are two male suicides d. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual 251. Whites are about a. half b. equally
. there are four male suicides there are eight male suicides
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as likely as Blacks to commit suicide. c. twice d. four times
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
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252. Overall, are at the greatest risk for suicide. a. European Americans c. b. Hispanic Americans d. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual 253. a. b.
Asian Americans Native Americans
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The majority of suicides are apparently connected with . conversion disorder c. schizophrenia severe mood disorders d. adjustment disorder
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
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254. The risk of suicide is much greater among people diagnosed with a. major depression c. schizophrenia b. dissociative disorders d. adjustment disorders ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
.
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255. The risk of suicide is much greater among people diagnosed with a. bipolar disorder c. schizophrenia b. dissociative disorders d. adjustment disorders ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
.
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256. Which of the following is true? a. People who fail on a first suicide attempt rarely try it again. b. All suicides are connected to psychological disorders. c. Suicidal thinking accompanies a loss of contact with reality. d. Suicide attempts often occur in response to highly stressful life events. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual 257.
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Which of the following is true of people who attempt or commit suicide? a. Suicide attempts frequently follow a success in the person’s life. b. People who consider suicide in response to stressful events rarely have poorer problem-solving skills when compared to those who do not contemplate suicide in similarly stressful situations. c. People with terminal illness consider suicide "rational." d. Many people who take their lives are basically attention seekers. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
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258. According to classic psychodynamic theorists, suicide represents a reaction to . a. negative outcome expectancies b. the perception that life has become meaningless, dull, empty, and hopeless c. anger, which has reached the point of murderous rage, turned inward d. the effects of stress, seeing no viable solution to unavoidable problems, and prolonged depression ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.16 Skill: Conceptual
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259. In his later writings, Sigmund Freud related suicide to . a. a collapse of the id leading to destructive dominance of a guilt-ridden superego b. the effects of stress and external social forces c. the perception that life has become meaningless, dull, empty, and hopeless d. an inborn death instinct ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
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Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.16 Skill: Factual 260. Existential and humanistic theorists see suicide as a reaction to . a. negative outcome expectancies b. the perception that life has become meaningless, dull, empty, and hopeless c. anger, which has reached the point of murderous rage, turned inward d. the effects of stress and external social forces ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.16 Skill: Conceptual
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261. Sociocultural thinkers, such as Emile Durkheim, see suicide as largely a reaction to a. alienation resulting from today's lifestyles b. negative outcome expectancies c. anger, which has reached the point of murderous rage, turned inward d. the effects of stress and previous suicide attempts ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.16 Skill: Conceptual
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262. A sense of feeling lost, rootless, and without identity is known as a. lethargy c. anomie b. apathy d. anhedonia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.16 Skill: Factual
.
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263. Learning theorists see suicide as largely a reaction to . a. negative outcome expectancies b. alienation and isolation resulting from today's lifestyle c. the perception that life has become empty, meaningless, and hopeless d. the effects of stress and reinforcing effects of previous suicide attempts ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.16 Skill: Conceptual
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264. Social-cognitive theorists see suicide as a reaction to . a. positive outcome expectancies b. negative outcome expectancies c. alienation and isolation resulting from today's lifestyle d. personal outcome expectancies
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.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.16 Skill: Conceptual
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265. Which of the following is true regarding suicide? a. A social contagion, or spreading of suicide in a community rarely occurs in the wake of a suicide that received widespread publicity. b. Teenagers may romanticize a suicidal act as one of heroic courage. c. Copycat suicides are just an effort to garner attention by social outcasts. d. Copycat suicides are more likely with young persons with Twitter accounts. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.16 Skill: Factual 266. There is evidence of reduced a. acetylcholine b. epinephrine ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.16 Skill: Factual 267. According to your text, a. hopelessness b. loss of pleasure ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.17 Skill: Factual
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activity in people who attempt or commit suicide. c. serotonin d. thyroxin
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is perhaps the most important predictor of suicide. c. mood swings d. increased reactivity
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268. Shneidman found that about _ percent of those who committed suicide had left clear clues beforehand, such as disposing of their possessions. a. 30 c. 70 b. 50 d. 90 ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.17 Skill: Factual
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269. If someone you know discloses that he or she is contemplating suicide, your goal should be to a. try to intervene on your own b. get them to seek some professional help c. leave them alone to sort through their thoughts and feelings d. show them how crazy or misguided a suicide attempt would be
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.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.17 Skill: Factual
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270. Which of the following is a question Shneidman suggests could be used to draw a suicidal person out and engage them in talking? a. “Why would you want to do that?” b. “Think of how your mother would feel!” c. “What would you like to see happen?” d. “Do you have a will or DNR in place?” ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.17 Skill: Applied
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271. Which of the following is something you should do when talking to someone who is suicidal? a. Suggest that means other than suicide might help solve the person's problems. b. Be tough-minded and not too empathetic. c. Avoid asking how the person intends to commit suicide. d. Talk with them by yourself as long as you can. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.17 Skill: Factual
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True-False Questions 272. It is abnormal to feel depressed. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 248 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 273. It is normal to feel sad. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 248 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 274. Mood disorders can impair normal functioning. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 248 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1
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Skill: Factual 275. Mood disorders have no effect on normal functioning at home or work. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 248 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 276. Major depression is simply a state of sadness or “the blues.” ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 250 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 277. It is possible to have major depression without feeling sad. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 251 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 278. The economic toll of depression is about half that of heart disease or diabetes. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 253 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 279. The economic toll of depression includes billions of dollars in lost productivity due to time taken away from work. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 253 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 280. On average, major depression costs the worker about 5 lost workdays per year. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 253 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 281. On average, bipolar disorder costs the worker about 65 lost workdays per year. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 253 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 282. Most people who experience a major depressive disorder never go on to have another one. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 254 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 283. The longer the period of recovery from major depression, the lower the risk of relapse. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 254 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 284. Men are about twice as likely as women to develop major depression. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 254 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 285. Men are about half as likely as women to develop major depression. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 254 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 286. The bleak light of winter casts some people into a diagnosable state of depression. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 254 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 287. One type of depression within the DSM has the acronym: SAD. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 254 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 288. The treatment of choice for SAD is phototherapy. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 254 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 289. Being exposed to sunlight for extended periods naturally increases levels of serotonin within the brain. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 254 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 290. The treatment of choice for SAD is antidepressant medication. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 254 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 291. "Maternity blues" are believed to be an abnormal response to the hormonal changes attending childbirth. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 255 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 292. Since most women get the "baby blues" it is best to just ignore them. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 255 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 293. Dysthymic disorder usually begins in middle adulthood. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 257 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.2 Skill: Factual 294. Dysthymic disorder occurring together with depressive episode is known as a double depression. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 259 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.2 Skill: Factual 295. Due to making social comparison, extended amounts of time spent of Facebook can make a person depressed. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
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Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.2 Skill: Factual 296. College freshmen who are more frequent users of Facebook tend to have poorer grades than less frequent users. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 259 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.2 Skill: Factual 297. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder was introduced as a new diagnostic category in DSM-5. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 260 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.3 Skill: Factual 298. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms occur in the week before menses and do not show improvement following the conclusion of the menstrual cycle. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 260 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.3 Skill: Factual 299. Some people ride an emotional roller coaster, swinging from the heights of elation to the depths of depression without external cause. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 261 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual 300. Manic episodes, occurring with or without intervening episodes of depression, are labeled bipolar disorder. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 261 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual 301. In bipolar disorder, the initial episode for men is usually manic. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 262 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual 302. In bipolar disorder, the initial episode for women is usually depression. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 262 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual 303. Women are more likely to develop bipolar disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 262 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual 304. Hypomanic episodes are usually more severe than manic episodes. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 262 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual 305. Bipolar I disorder has hypomanic episodes; whereas bipolar II disorder has hypermanic episodes. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 261 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual 306. Cyclothymic disorder frequently progresses to dysthymic disorder. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 264 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.5 Skill: Factual 307. Stressors may make it more difficult to overcome a depressive episode. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 265 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.6 Skill: Factual 308. Stressors have no effect on overcoming a depressive episode. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 265 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.6 Skill: Factual 309. Freud believed that mourning over the loss of a loved one was a pathological process. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 266 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.7 Skill: Factual 310. According to the self-focusing model, depression occurs when an individual pursues love objects or goals it would be more adaptive to surrender. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 266 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.7 Skill: Factual 311. There is no clear research evidence to support Freud's notion that self-directed anger is a cause of depression. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 266 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.7 Skill: Factual 312. Like psychodynamic theorists, humanistic theorists focus on the loss of self-esteem as a component of depression. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 267 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.8 Skill: Factual 313. There is no research evidence to support Lewinsohn's model of depression being linked to a lack of positive reinforcement. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 268 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.9 Skill: Factual 314. Depressed people tend to experience rejection in long-term relationships. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 268 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.9 Skill: Factual 315. Depressed people are less likely than those who are not depressed to be rejected in long-term relationships. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 268 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 7.9 Skill: Factual 316. Distorted, negative thinking tends to be experienced as occurring automatically. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 269 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 317. Depressed people tend to think more negatively than other people do. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 269 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 318. Ironically depressed people tend to think more positively than other people do. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 269 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 319. Some research has supported the hypothesis that depressed people think more negatively than others because their thinking is unrealistic or distorted. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 269 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 320. Mental filter is defined as focusing only on negative details of events, thereby rejecting the positive features of one’s experience. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 321. Overgeneralization is defined as the tendency to snatch defeat from the jaws of victory by neutralizing or denying one’s accomplishments. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 270 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 322. Seligman developed his learned helplessness model after observing the behavior of dogs initially denied an avenue of escape from electric shock but later given access to escape. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 272 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 323. Seligman's original learned helplessness model was one of the first to account for the low self-esteem that is typical of depression. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 324. Research has shown that some attributional styles can cause depression. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 325. An internal attribution for the calamity is characterized by self-blame, as in, “I really messed it up.” ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 326. An external attribution would place the blame elsewhere, as in, “I am stupid!” ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 327. Mood disorders tend to run in families. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 274 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.11 Skill: Factual 328. Both biological and psychological factors appear to be involved in the development of mood disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 274 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.11 Skill: Factual
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329. Mood disorders will eventually be cured by exclusively examining the genetics behind the individual suffering from the disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 274 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.11 Skill: Factual 330. Cutting edge research is showing inflammation playing a significant role in psychological disorders such as mood disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 275 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.11 Skill: Factual 331. Both interpersonal therapy and traditional psychoanalysis focus on the client's current relationships. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 278 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Factual 332. Behavioral approaches to treating depression assume that depressive behaviors are learned and can be unlearned. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 279 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Factual 333. Research studies have failed to support the efficacy of cognitive therapy in treating major depression. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 279 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Factual 334. The benefits of cognitive-behavioral therapy appear comparable to those of antidepressant medication in treating depression, even in treating moderate to severe depression. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 280 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Factual 335. Tricyclic antidepressants are highly toxic. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1
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Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual 336. Talk therapies are more effective than antidepressant drugs in treating cases of severe depression. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 283 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual 337. Antidepressant drugs are more effective than talk therapies in treating cases of severe depression. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 283 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual 338. Cognitive-behavioral therapy typically provides greater protection against relapse than antidepressant medication. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 283 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual 339. Electroconvulsive therapy is no longer used to treat depression. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 283 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual 340. ECT often leads to greater levels of depression than existed before it was administered. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 284 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual 341. No one really knows how electroconvulsive therapy works. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 284 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual 342. The ancient Greeks and Romans used a chemical to curb turbulent mood swings that is still used today.
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ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 285 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual 343. Despite more than 40 years of use, no one yet knows how lithium works. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 285 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual 344. Lithium reduces the risk of recurrent depressive episodes. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 285 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual 345. Lithium is principally prescribed for anti-anxiety purposes. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 285 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual 346. Placing a powerful electromagnet on the scalp can relieve depression. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 283 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Factual 347. Many people have contemplated suicide at some moment of great stress. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
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348. Most people who think about suicide end up committing suicide. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
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349. Teenagers are the highest risk group for committing suicide.
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ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
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350. Once a person is past age 25 the probability that person will commit suicide is almost nil. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
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351. Among ethnic and racial groups, suicides are most common among African Americans. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
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352. Among ethnic and racial groups, suicides are most common among Caucasians and Native Americans. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
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353. Because women are so emotional, they are much more likely than men to commit suicide. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Factual
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354. People who threaten to commit suicide are only seeking attention. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.16 Skill: Factual
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355. Hopelessness is an important predictor of suicide among psychiatric outpatients. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.17 Skill: Factual
Page: 292
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Essay Questions 356. Define mood disorder, and distinguish between normally and abnormally depressed moods. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 249 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 357. Describe the features of major depression. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 250 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 358. Discuss the prevalence of and risk factors for major depression. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 254 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 359. Discuss the findings regarding gender differences and depression. Explain how gender biases may play a role in accentuating those differences. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 251, 256 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Conceptual 360. Discuss the features of and treatments for seasonal affective disorder. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 254 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Factual 361. Discuss postpartum depression and explain how it is different than "maternity blues." Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 255 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.1 Skill: Conceptual 362. Compare and contrast major depression and dysthymic disorder, and explain the meaning of “double depression.” Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 257 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.2 Skill: Conceptual 363. Describe the symptoms and prevalence of and types of premenstrual dysphoric disorder
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 260 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.3 Skill: Factual 364. Describe the features and types of bipolar disorder. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 261 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual 365. Describe the features of a manic episode. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 261 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.4 Skill: Factual 366. Discuss the diagnostic differences between bipolar disorder and cyclothymic disorder. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 264 Topic: Types of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.5 Skill: Conceptual 367. Discuss the relationship between stress and mood disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 265 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.6 Skill: Conceptual 368. Discuss classic and modern psychodynamic perspectives on the mood disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 260 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.6 Skill: Conceptual 369. Compare and contrast the psychodynamic and humanistic perspectives on mood disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 266 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.7 Skill: Conceptual 370. Discuss behavioral perspectives on the mood disorders, focusing on the relationships between reinforcement and depression. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 21 Page: 267 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.9 Skill: Conceptual 371. Discuss cognitive perspectives on depression, focusing on Beck's cognitive theory and the reformulated Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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helplessness (attributional) theory. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 269 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Conceptual 372. Identify and briefly explain the ten cognitive distortions enumerated by Burns. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 269 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.10 Skill: Factual 373. Discuss genetic factors in the mood disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 273 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.11 Skill: Factual 374. Discuss biochemical factors in the mood disorders. Address genetic research and the results of twin studies. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 274 Topic: Causal Factors in Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.11 Skill: Factual 375. Discuss psychodynamic treatment of the mood disorders, differentiating between traditional psychoanalytic approaches and the modern approaches. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 278 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Conceptual 376. Discuss behavioral treatment of the mood disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 279 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Conceptual 377. Discuss cognitive treatment of the mood disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 279 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.13 Skill: Conceptual 378. Discuss the use of medications in the treatment of the mood disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 280 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Conceptual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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379. Discuss the use of ECT in the treatment of depression. In what types of situations is it most useful? What are the risks involved with modern ECT? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 283 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Conceptual 380. Discuss the use of lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 285 Topic: Treatment of Mood Disorders Learning Objective: 7.14 Skill: Conceptual 381. Discuss the incidence of suicide in terms of who is most at risk and why. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.15 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 287
382. Discuss strengths, weakness, and applications of the main theoretical perspectives on the causes of suicide. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.16 Skill: Applied
Page: 289
383. Discuss the contributions of Emile Durkheim and Edwin Shneidman to the understanding of suicide. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.16 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 290
384. Identify five myths of suicide and briefly explain why each is incorrect. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.17 Skill: Factual
Page: 292
385. Summarize the research on predicting suicide, making sure to identify the various clues often presented by people contemplating suicide. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide Learning Objective: 7.17 Skill: Factual
Page: 292
386. Discuss methods of suicide prevention. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Suicide
Page: 292
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Learning Objective: 7.17 Skill: Factual
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REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS EOC Q7.1 Karen reports feeling depressed, sad, hopeless, and “down in the dumps.” She has lost interest in work and pleasure activities. Karen has felt this way for the past three months and has exhibited no signs of mania or hypomania. She would most likely be diagnosed as having disorder using DMS-5 criteria. a) b) c) d)
major depressive dysthymic bipolar I cyclothymic
Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the key features of major depressive disorder and evaluate factors that may account for the higher rate of depression among women. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Easy EOC Q7.2 Margaret has never had an episode of mania or hypomania and is not severely depressed, but she has felt “down in the dumps” for as long as she can remember. Margaret is most likely suffering from . a) b) c) d)
persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) bipolar I disorder major depressive disorder, recurrent seasonal affective disorder
Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.2 Describe the key features of persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia). Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q7.3 Researchers have found that women suffer from premenstrual physical or moodrelated symptoms that produce significant emotional distress and are severe enough to interfere with daily functioning, such as causing absenteeism from work. a) b) c) d)
nearly one in five about one-third of all about half of all approximately three-fourths of all
Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the key features of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q7.4 Bipolar II disorder applies to people who have had major depressive episode, but have never had a a) b) c) d)
and a history of at least one .
manic periods; hypermanic episode a full-blown manic episode; hypomanic episode hypomanic episodes; full-blown manic episode suicidal ideation; manic episode
Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe the key features of bipolar disorder. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q7.5 What is the estimate for the number of people with cyclothymic disorder who will eventually go on to develop bipolar disorder? a) b) c) d)
10% 25% 33% 50%
Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the key features of cyclothymic disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q7.6 It is hypothesized that people who possess variants of certain genes may be more susceptible to developing depression if they have a history of severely stressful life experiences, such as maltreatment during childhood. This idea is consistent with the model. a) b) c) d)
cognitive-behavioral psychodynamic diathesis-stress biological-interpersonal
Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.6 Evaluate the role of stress in depression. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q7.7 From the psychodynamic perspective, the model considers how people allocate their attentional processes after a loss, such as the death of a loved one or a personal failure. a) b) c) d)
recapitulation narcissistic injury self-focusing internalized grief
Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe psychodynamic models of depression. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q7.8 According to the model, when life choices do not provide meaning or selffulfillment, depression is more likely. a) b) c) d)
cognitive psychodynamic learning humanistic
Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the humanistic model of depression. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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586
EOC Q7.9 The concept of explains how our behavior influences how other people respond to us, and in turn how the response from others influences how we respond to them. a) b) c) d)
self-fulfillment interactive social exchange interpersonal exchange reciprocal interaction
Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.9 Describe learning theory models of depression. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q7.10 Because of its inability to account for low self-esteem often seen in depressed individuals, the reformulated learned helplessness theory now includes the concept of . a) b) c) d)
cognitive error attributional style self-focusing childhood maltreatment
Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.10 Describe Beck’s cognitive model and the learned helplessness model of depression. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q7.11 Brain-imaging studies show reduced size and lower metabolic activity in mood disorder patients in the and areas of the brain. a) b) c) d)
hippocampus; parietal prefrontal cortex; limbic system limbic system; basal ganglia thalamus; cerebellum
Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.11 Identify biological factors in depression. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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587
EOC Q7.12 High dietary levels of disorder. a) b) c) d)
are linked to a reduced risk of major depression and bipolar
vitamin C magnesium calcium omega-3 fatty acids
Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.12 Identify causal factors in bipolar disorders. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOC Q7.13 In cognitive therapy, Beck labels the tendency to judge oneself entirely on the basis of specific weaknesses or flaws in character as . a) b) c) d)
catastrophizing generalization magnification selective abstraction
Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.13 Describe psychological methods used to treat depression. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q7.14 Which class of antidepressants is known to have potentially serious interactions with certain foods and alcoholic beverages? a) b) c) d)
tricyclics MAO inhibitors SSRIs SNRIs
Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.14 Describe biomedical approaches to treating depression. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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588
EOC Q7.15 Compared to the general population of adolescents, those with a history of attempted suicide have a risk of later completing suicide that is times higher in females and times higher in males. a) b) c) d)
3; 7 7; 11 12; 19 14; 22
Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.15 Identify risk factors in suicide. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q7.16 According to 19th-century social thinker Emile Durkheim, suicide is more likely among those who feel a sense of being lost, rootless, and without identity, which defines a concept called . a) b) c) d)
obscurity anomie existential angst existential loneliness
Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.16 Identify the major theoretical perspectives on suicide. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q7.17 A leading researcher on suicide found that 90% of people who commit suicide leave of their intentions. a) b) c) d)
a written warning no hint clear clues ambiguous evidence
Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.17 Apply your knowledge of factors in suicide to steps you can take if someone you knew was experiencing suicidal thoughts. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q7.1.1 Jose becomes depressed when the leaves fall in October. When spring returns and flowers bloom, Jose’s depression dissipates. Jose appears to have , a form of a) b) c) d)
.
seasonal affective (mood) disorder; bipolar disorder seasonal affective (mood) disorder; cyclothymia seasonal affective (mood) disorder; major depressive disorder intermittent mood disorder; major depressive disorder
Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the key features of major depressive disorder and evaluate factors that may account for the higher rate of depression among women. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q7.1.2 The term applies to those who have a major depressive episode superimposed on a longer-standing dysthymia. a) b) c) d)
major dysthymia complicated dysthymia dual depression double depression
Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.2 Describe the key features of persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia). Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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590
EOM Q7.1.3 Kim always dreads the days just before her menstrual cycle starts. During this time, she experiences erratic mood swings, sudden tearfulness, a depressed mood, irritability, and greater sensitivity to cues of rejection. According to the DSM-5, Kim would likely be diagnosed with . a) b) c) d)
perimenses disorder premenstrual dysphoric disorder dysthymia menstrual mood swing disorder
Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe the key features of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q7.1.4 The tendency for a person with mania to jump from one topic to another in rapid succession is called . a) b) c) d)
flight of ideas word salad speech inhibition derailment
Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe the key features of bipolar disorder. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q7.1.5 is characterized by a chronic cyclical pattern of mood disturbance, but periods of elevated and depressed mood are not as severe as those observed in bipolar disorder. a) b) c) d)
Cyclothymic disorder Rapid cycling Seasonal depression Dysthymia
Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the key features of cyclothymic disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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591
EOM Q7.2.1 According to the psychodynamic model, in the depressive phase of bipolar disorder, the is dominant, flooding the individual with feelings of guilt and worthlessness. In the manic phase, the rebounds, resulting in feelings of elation and self-confidence. a) b) c) d)
superego; ego ego; id id; superego ego; superego
Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe psychodynamic models of depression. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q7.2.2 Una’s therapist has set a goal for Una to engage in activities that provide meaning and selffulfillment in her life. Una’s therapist is using in Una’s treatment for depression. a) b) c) d)
a humanistic approach behavioral activation interpersonal psychotherapy cognitive therapy
Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the humanistic model of depression. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q7.2.3 According to the learning theorist Peter Lewinsohn, a lack of and induce feelings of depression. a) b) c) d)
can reduce motivation
reinforcement for one’s efforts ego identity resiliency stable factors
Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.9 Describe learning theory models of depression. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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592
EOM Q7.2.4 John believes that he is “no good” and has very negative views of his world and the future. According to the model of depression, these negative views put John at high risk for depression. a) b) c) d)
social causation cognitive triad pessimistic self-focusing
Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.10 Describe Beck’s cognitive model and the learned helplessness model of depression. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q7.2.5 Research findings reported in 2008 from Sweden showed a connection between higher risks of bipolar disorder and , especially with . a) b) c) d)
greater paternal age at birth; fathers aged 55 and older greater maternal age at birth; mothers aged 40 and older greater combined parental age at birth; fathers aged 55 and older and mothers aged 40 and older greater paternal age at birth; fathers aged 45 and older
Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.12 Identify causal factors in bipolar disorders. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate
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593
EOM Q7.3.1 , a psychodynamic-oriented therapy for depression, usually lasts from 9 to 12 months and emphasizes the role of current interpersonal issues and how to make healthy changes in relationships. a) b) c) d)
Behavioral activation Relationship therapy Social interaction Interpersonal psychotherapy
Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.13 Describe psychological methods used to treat depression. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q7.3.2 The most widely used behavioral treatment model for depression, called , encourages patients to increase their frequency of rewarding or enjoyable activities. a) b) c) d)
rewarding contingency planning social reward engagement behavioral activation cognitive activation
Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.13 Describe psychological methods used to treat depression. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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594
EOM Q7.3.3 Thomas has been unresponsive to his antidepressant medication and remains severely depressed, even though he participates in therapy three times a week. His doctor has recommended a treatment that involves the application of electrical current applied to the head to induce a convulsion. What treatment is the doctor recommending? a) b) c) d)
St. John’s Wart electroconvulsive therapy CBT transcranial magnetic stimulation
Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.14 Describe biomedical approaches to treating depression. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q7.3.4 Currently considered experimental in United States, is a promising therapeutic approach in which powerful magnets are used to help relieve depression. a) b) c) d)
electromagnetic therapy transcranial magnetic stimulation magnetic resonance imaging functional magnetic resonance therapy
Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.14 Describe biomedical approaches to treating depression. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q7.3.5 About
of women in the 40- to 59-year age range use antidepressant drugs. a) b) c) d)
9% 15% 23% 32%
Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.14 Describe biomedical approaches to treating depression. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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595
EOM Q7.4.1 Suicide rates are highest among a) b) c) d)
and older adults.
young children adolescents young adults middle-aged adults
Answer: d Learning Objective: 7.15 Identify risk factors in suicide. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q7.4.2 Suicides committed by people who wish to escape the pain and suffering of hopeless physical illnesses are sometimes called . a) b) c) d)
premeditated suicides rational suicides mercy killings medically assisted suicides
Answer: b Learning Objective: 7.15 Identify risk factors in suicide. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q7.4.3 theorists believe suicide is linked to alienation and social isolation. a) b) c) d)
Cognitive Learning Sociocultural Psychodynamic
Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.16 Identify the major theoretical perspectives on suicide. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
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596
EOM Q7.4.4 After three teen suicides at Northtown High School, counselors and teachers were on the alert for suicidal behavior in other area high schools. Their concern about the spread of suicide in the community is called . a) b) c) d)
peer suicide shared suicide ideation social contagion the bystander effect
Answer: c Learning Objective: 7.16 Identify the major theoretical perspectives on suicide. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q7.4.5 According to a leading researcher on suicide, attempting to draw out a suicidal person by asking questions such as “What’s going on?” . a) b) c) d)
allows the person to verbalize psychological needs, which may offer some degree of relief usually results in anger can make the person more secretive and suspicious nearly always results in successfully thwarting the suicide attempt
Answer: a Learning Objective: 7.17 Apply your knowledge of factors in suicide to steps you can take if someone you knew was experiencing suicidal thoughts. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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597
Total Assessment Guide Topic Learning Objective 8.1
Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 8.2
Learning Objective 8.3
Learning Objective 8.4
Learning Objective 8.5
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 8.6
Essay Multiple Choice
Factual 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300
Conceptual
Applied 5, 10, 11, 16, 22
371 28, 29 301 372 30, 31, 34, 36
32, 33, 35
373 37, 38, 39, 40
41, 42, 43
302 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315 374, 375, 376, 377 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156,
52, 62
69, 86, 87
159
167
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598
Topic
True-False
Learning Objective 8.7
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 8.8
Essay Multiple Choice True-False
Learning Objective 8.9
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 8.10
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 8.11
Learning Objective 8.12
Learning Objective 8.13
Learning Objective 8.14
Learning Objective 8.15
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
Factual 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331 378, 379, 380, 381 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 190, 191, 192, 193 332, 333, 334, 335, 336 382, 383 196, 197, 198, 199, 200 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342 386 207, 214, 215, 216, 220, 225, 226, 227
Conceptual
Applied
188, 189
181
194, 195, 201
202
384, 385 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 213, 217, 221, 222, 223, 224
209, 210, 211, 212, 218, 219
343, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356 388
387 228
234, 235, 242
247, 248
250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255 357, 358, 359 257, 258, 259, 260, 261 360, 361 390
249
389 256
262 362 266, 267
263, 265
264, 268, 269, 270, 271
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599
Topic
Learning Objective 8.16
Learning Objective 8.17
True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False
Learning Objective 8.18
Essay Multiple Choice
Factual 363
Conceptual
Applied
391 273
272
392 274
275, 279
364 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370
393 285
284
True-False Essay
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600
8 Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Multiple-Choice Questions 1. The two substances that have caused the most death through sickness and accident are
a. b.
heroin and cocaine opium and heroin
c. d.
.
alcohol and cocaine alcohol and tobacco
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 298 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual 2. In the United States, about 1 in
a. b.
2 5
adults smoke cigarettes. c. 8 d. 11
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 301 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual 3. The DSM-5 classifies substance-related disorders into
a. b.
two three
c. d.
major categories. four five
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 298 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual 4. According to the DSM-5, the two main types of
withdrawal. a. substance use b. substance induced
disorders include substance intoxication and substance c. d.
substance reaction psychoactive
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 298 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
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601
5. Alvin drank alcohol chronically for years until he developed a type of dementia called Korsakoff’s syndrome.
His dementia would be classified by the DSM-5 as a disorder. a. substance-induced c. substance-reaction b. substance-use d. psychoactive ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 298 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Applied 6. The chemical actions of psychoactive drugs which result in a person feeling "drunk" or "high" are called
substance . a. tolerances b. intoxications
c. d.
withdrawals potentiations
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual 7.
is a substance-induced disorder involving a cluster of symptoms that occur when a person abruptly stops using a particular substance following a period of prolonged and heavy use. a. Tolerance c. Withdrawal b. Intoxication d. Potentiation ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
8. Abstinence syndrome is another name for
a. b.
dependence withdrawal
. c. d.
addiction potentiation
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual 9. Physical habituation to a drug so that frequent usage necessitates higher and higher dosages to attain similar
effects is called a. dependence b. tolerance
. c. d.
addiction potentiation
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual 10.
Gina has been using heroin for two years. Lately, she has found she must inject higher and higher dosages of the drug to get the same "high" she has come to expect from her drug use. Her need for higher dosages is Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
602
best described as a. dependence b. addiction
. c. d.
tolerance potentiation
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Applied 11.
Theresa suffers from alcoholism. When she goes too long without a drink she begins to feel anxious, physically weak, and agitated. Often, she begins shaking and can feel her heart racing. Theresa's symptoms are typical of what is called . a. dependence c. addiction b. tolerance d. abstinence syndrome ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Applied
12.
Which of the following represent withdrawal symptoms from alcohol abuse? a. Dryness in the mouth c. Hyperactivity b. Sweating d. Low respiration rate ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
13.
Chronic, heavy users of alcohol who dramatically lower their alcohol intake after many years of heavy drinking may enter a withdrawal state known as . a. delirium tremens c. tachycardia b. disorientation d. potentiation ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
14.
Which of the following psychoactive substances can lead to withdrawal syndrome when use is discontinued? a. LSD c. Phencyclidine (PCP) b. Opioids d. Inhalants ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
15.
The "DTs" are usually limited to a. casual drinkers; increase
who dramatically _ their intake of alcohol. c. chronic sufferers of alcoholism; increase
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603
b.
moderate drinkers; increase
d.
chronic sufferers of alcoholism; decrease
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual 16.
Burt has just gone "on the wagon" and has quit using alcohol "cold turkey." He is now experiencing sweating, tachycardia, mental confusion, incoherent speech, disorientation, terrifying hallucinations, and extreme restlessness. His symptoms are typical of . a. alcohol overdose c. delirium tremens b. alcohol tolerance d. hypnagogic shock ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Applied
17.
is a state of mental confusion characterized by incoherent speech, disorientation, and extreme restlessness. a. Cross-tolerance b. Delirium c. Amnesia d. Dementia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
18.
Which of the following is known to produce a withdrawal syndrome? a. PCP c. LSD b. marijuana d. inhalants ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
19.
The DSM-5 diagnosis of a substance use disorder requires specific features or symptoms occurring during the preceding period. a. two or more; six month c. three or more; one year b. three or more; six month d. two or more; one year ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 300 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
20.
According to the DSM-5, disorders involve a pattern of maladaptive use of a psychoactive substance that leads to significant levels of impaired functioning or personal distress. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
604
a. b.
substance use substance induced
c. d.
substance reaction psychoactive
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual 21.
In the DSM-5, having persistent problems cutting back or controlling alcohol use despite wanting to do so is a symptom of a substance _ . a. dependence disorder c. use disorder b. withdrawal disorder d. misuse disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 300 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
22.
Jim drinks alcohol and occasionally drives while intoxicated above what is considered the legal limit. His use of alcohol in situations that pose a risk to his or others’ safety would warrant the DSM-5 diagnosis of . a. substance dependence disorder c. substance misuse disorder b. substance abuse disorder d. substance use disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 300 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Applied
23.
In the DSM-5, tolerance and withdrawal syndromes are associated with . a. substance addiction disorders c. substance use disorders b. substance dependence disorders d. substance misuse disorders ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 300 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
24.
According to the DSM-5, substance abuse and substance dependence are no longer considered distinct categories and are both classified as disorders. a. substance use c. substance reaction b. substance induced d. psychoactive ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 300 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
25.
The DSM-5 allows clinicians to designate the severity of substance use disorders by specifying whether they are . a. mild, moderate, or chronic c. normal, mild, or severe b. intermittent, continuous, or addicted d. mild, moderate, or severe Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
605
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 300 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual 26.
An estimated point in their lives. a. 1 b. 10
percent of adults in the United States develop a substance abuse disorder at some c. d.
20 30
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 301 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual 27.
African Americans and Latinos have Americans. a. much higher b. higher
rates of substance use disorders compared to European c. d.
about the same comparable or lower
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 301 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual 28.
The DSM-5 includes Disorders. a. kleptomania b. gambling disorder
as a new diagnostic category under Substance Use and Addictive c. d.
sexual addiction pyromania
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 301 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.2 Skill: Factual 29.
Which of the following is no longer considered an Impulse Control Disorder in the DSM-5? a. Kleptomania c. Sexual addiction b. Shopping addiction d. Gambling disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 301 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.2 Skill: Factual
30.
means that one's body has changed as a result of regular usage of a substance, as shown by the development of tolerance for the substance, by a withdrawal syndrome, or both. a. Psychological dependence c. Potentiation b. Physiological dependence d. Emotional dependence ANSWER: B Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
606
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 304 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.3 Skill: Factual 31.
The habitual or compulsive use of a drug that is accompanied by signs of physiological dependence is called . a. substance misuse c. tolerance b. substance abuse d. addiction ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 304 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.3 Skill: Factual
32.
Sophie has used heroin to the point that she has developed a tolerance to it and experiences withdrawal symptoms when she tries to quit using it. She has become _ heroin. a. psychologically dependent on c. emotionally dependent on b. physiologically dependent on d. psychologically abusive of ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 304 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.3 Skill: Applied
33.
The DSM-5 uses the term “substance use disorder” rather than the term “addictive disorder” because . a. the use of the term addiction is rarely used by professionals b. the use of the term addiction is rarely used by laypeople c. the term addiction is less stigmatizing d. the term substance use disorder is less stigmatizing ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 304 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.3 Skill: Applied
34.
Withdrawal symptoms in individuals with nonchemical addictions are typically a. physiological c. physiological and psychological b. psychological d. nonexistent
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 305 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.3 Skill: Factual 35.
Jan has used cocaine to the point where she has impaired control over her use of it. While she experiences no withdrawal symptoms when she stops using it; she wants it so badly she cannot think about anything else. She has become cocaine. a. psychologically dependent on c. physiologically abusive of b. physiologically dependent on d. emotionally attached to
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
607
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 305 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.3 Skill: Applied 36.
Which of the following is true? a. Persons can become psychologically dependent on drugs in the absence of emotional dependence. b. Persons cannot become physically dependent on drugs in the absence of psychological dependence. c. Persons cannot become simultaneously psychologically and physically dependent on drugs. d. Persons who are physically dependent on drugs are by definition also psychologically dependent. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 305 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.3 Skill: Factual
37.
The pathway to drug dependence includes all but which of the following stages? a. Experimentation c. Addiction or dependence b. Routine use d. Toxic use ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 305 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.4 Skill: Factual
38.
People who use drugs to "feel good" on an occasional basis and believe they are in control and can stop at any time are on the pathway to drug dependence. a. routine use c. experimentation b. addiction or dependence d. toxic use ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 305 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.4 Skill: Factual
39.
When people begin to structure their lives around the pursuit and use of drugs, they are on the pathway to drug dependence. a. experimentation c. routine use b. addiction or dependence d. toxic use ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 305 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.4 Skill: Factual
40.
When people feel powerless to resist drugs, either because they want to experience the effects of the drugs or they want to avoid the consequences of withdrawal, they are on the pathway of drug dependence. a. toxic use c. routine use b. addiction or dependence d. experimentation
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
608
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 306 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.4 Skill: Factual 41.
Jay uses drugs at parties, and sometimes at home. He does not use them daily, only on "special" occasions. The drugs make him feel good, even euphoric at times, but the effects do not last. He feels in control and believes he can stop at any time. He is in the stage of drug dependence. a. experimentation c. addiction or dependence b. routine use d. toxic use ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 305 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.4 Skill: Applied
42.
Tony has begun to structure his life around the pursuit and use of drugs. He denies that he has a problem and tries to cover up the behavioral problems he is having because of his drug use. His friends and family now take a distant second place to his drug habit. He is in the stage of drug dependence. a. experimentation c. addiction or dependence b. routine use d. toxic use ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 305 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.4 Skill: Applied
43.
Greg has been using drugs for three years. He feels powerless to resist his cravings for drugs. His whole life revolves around his next "high." Nothing else matters to him. He has lost his job. His wife and children have left him, and all he can say is "They didn't understand!" Now he is robbing banks to get money to support his $7,000 per week habit. He is in the stage of drug dependence. a. experimentation c. addiction or dependence b. routine use d. toxic use ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 306 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.4 Skill: Applied
44.
Drugs of abuse are classified within three major groupings. Which of the following is one of the groupings? a. Depressants c. Cholengerics b. Anesthetics d. Neuroleptics ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
45.
Page: 306
Depressants generally act by curbing the activity of the . a. central nervous system c. parasympathetic system b. peripheral nervous system d. endocrine system Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
609
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 46.
Page: 306
The most widely abused substance in the world is . a. alcohol c. nicotine b. heroin d. opium ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
47.
Page: 306
The most widely abused substance in the United States is a. alcohol c. nicotine b. heroin d. marijuana ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
48.
Page: 306
Alcohol, in large quantities, usually kills by a. poisoning brain cells c. b. depressing heart rate d. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
49.
Alcohol is classified as a(n) a. depressant b. stimulant ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
50.
.
. depressing breathing causing severe convulsions
Page: 309
. c. d.
hallucinogenic opiate
Page: 306
Alcohol has biochemical effects similar to those of a class of . a. antidepressants c. minor tranquilizers b. anticoagulants d. major tranquilizers ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 306
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
610
51.
Alcohol is classified a depressant and has biochemical effects similar to those of a class of antianxiety drugs that would include which of the following? a. MAO inhibitors b. SSRIs c. Phenothiazines d. Benzodiazepines ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
52.
The most widely held view of alcoholism is the model. a. addiction c. physical b. psychological d. disease ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Conceptual
53.
Alcohol is implicated in about one in a. three b. five ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
55.
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The personal and social costs of alcoholism . a. are somewhat less than those associated with nicotine use b. are similar to those associated with chronic marijuana use c. are exceeded only by the costs associated with illicit drug use d. exceed those of all illicit drugs combined ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
54.
Page: 306
Alcohol is implicated in about one in accidents. a. two b. three ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 307
reported suicides. c. seven d. nine
Page: 307
deaths due to unintentional injury, such as motor vehicle c. d.
four five
Page: 307
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
611
Of the 88,000 people in the U.S. who die from alcohol-related causes each year, the most frequent are from motor vehicle accidents and alcohol-related . a. arsons c. diseases b. homicides d. suicides
56.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 307
More teenagers and young adults die from a. suicide b. violent crime
57.
c. d.
than from any other cause. illicit drug use alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 58.
b.
is the drug of choice among young people today. a. Alcohol c. Cocaine Marijuana d. LSD
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 59.
. nicotine cocaine
Page: 308
The highest rates of alcohol use and highest proportions of problem drinkers occurs in the a. 18 to 24 c. 20 to 40 b. 25 to 30 d. 40 to 45 ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
61.
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The most popular drug on college campuses is a. alcohol c. b. marijuana d. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
60.
Page: 307
Men are over a. 2 b. 5
Page: 310
times more likely than women to be diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder. c. 10 d. 14
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
612
age rage.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 62.
Which of the following is true regarding alcohol's effects on women? a. Women have more of an enzyme that breaks down alcohol in the stomach than men do. b. Alcohol may hit women harder because they weigh less than men. c. Most women find the taste of alcohol unpleasant and thus drink less. d. Women may be less likely to develop alcoholism because of the “flushing” response to drinking it. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Conceptual
63.
.
Page: 310
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor in alcoholism? a. Educational attainment c. Gender b. Age d. Region of the country one resides in ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
66.
Page: 310
The BEST predictor of alcoholism or problem drinking in adulthood is a. family history of alcohol abuse c. antisocial personality b. ethnic background d. social class ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
65.
Page: 310
Which of the following disorders is a predictor of alcoholism? a. Generalized anxiety disorder c. Antisocial personality b. Bipolar affective disorder d. Conversion disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
64.
Page: 309
Page: 310
Which of the following is the BDOC (Big Drug On Campus) among college students? a. Amphetamines b. Marijuana c. Cocaine d. Alcohol ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 308
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
613
Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 67.
Alcohol use disorders tend to develop somewhat in women than in men, and are more common among people living . a. earlier; alone c. earlier; with someone else b. later; alone d. later; with someone else ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
68.
Alcohol dependence is generally more common among people of education levels. a. lower; lower c. higher; lower b. lower; higher d. higher; higher ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
69.
Page: 310
Page: 310
Which of the following groups is at lowest risk of developing alcoholism? a. Native Americans c. Jewish Americans b. African Americans d. Irish Americans ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
71.
income levels and
Which of the following people has the highest risk of developing alcoholism? a. A wealthy, well-educated 30-year-old female b. A poor, well-educated 60-year-old female c. A wealthy, uneducated 50-year-old male d. A poor, uneducated 25-year-old male ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Applied
70.
Page: 310
Page: 310
Which American ethnic group has the lowest rate of alcoholism? a. Asian Americans b. Hispanic Americans c. African Americans d. European Americans ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1
Page: 310
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
614
Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 72.
Many Asian Americans when they drink which may curb excessive alcohol intake and reduce their risk of developing alcoholism. a. become nauseous c. develop heart palpitations b. pass out d. show a flushing response ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
73.
Hispanic American men are alcohol use disorders. a. half b. equally ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
74.
c. d.
twice four times
Page: 311
likely to drink alcohol and are
Page: 311
Which of the following people is least likely to use alcohol and develop alcohol use disorders? a. A Hispanic American male c. A Hispanic American female b. A non-Hispanic White male d. A non-Hispanic White female ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
76.
as likely as non-Hispanic White males to drink alcohol and develop
Compared to non-Hispanic White women, Hispanic women are likely to develop alcohol use disorders. a. less; less c. less; more b. more; less d. more; more ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
75.
Page: 311
Page: 311
The prevalence of cirrhosis of the liver among African Americans is about Hispanic White Americans. a. half c. twice b. the same d. four times ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5
of that among non-
Page: 311
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
615
Skill: Factual 77.
Compared to non-Hispanic White Americans, African Americans are abuse or dependence, and are likely to develop cirrhosis. a. less; less c. more; less b. less; more d. more; more ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
78.
Page: 311
Many Native Americans believe is largely responsible for their high rates of drinking related problems. a. discrimination and prejudice from more dominant racial groups b. loss of their traditional culture c. lack of access to stimulating activities on reservations d. poverty and lack of access to good health care ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
81.
Page: 311
Which of the following ethnic groups is at highest risk of developing alcoholism? a. Italian Americans c. Hispanic Americans b. Native Americans d. German Americans ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
80.
Page: 311
A degenerative, potentially fatal liver disease is . a. cirrhosis c. Korsakoff’s syndrome b. anemia d. melanoma ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
79.
likely to develop alcohol
Page: 311
appear to explain why African American males have a higher rate of alcohol-related health issues yet a lower rate of alcohol dependence compared to European American males. a. Genetics b. Choice of alcoholic beverage c. Socioeconomic factors d. Cultural practices ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse
Page: 311
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
616
Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 82.
With increasing acculturation, alcohol use and abuse by Hispanic American women in the United States is becoming more similar to women. a. Asian American b. African American c. European American d. Native American ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
83.
Approximately a. one out of two b. two out of three
of college students today have engaged in binge drinking during the past 30 days. c. one out of four d. two out of five
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 84.
Approximately a. 7 b. 17
Page: 309
Leslie, a University of Virginia student, described in the text, died from binge drinking as a result of . a. liver failure c. falling down stairs b. a motor vehicle accident d. mixing the alcohol with Tylenol ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
86.
Page: 309
percent of adults today have engaged in binge drinking during the past 30 days. c. 27 d. 37
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 85.
Page: 311
Page: 309
Debbie is a college sophomore who binge drinks. According to the profiles developed by Ham and Hope, Debbie is probably drinking because . a. she will enjoy the social results b. it is a regular part of her sorority life c. her friends drink d. it will soothe her feelings of anxiety and depression ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 309
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
617
Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Applied 87.
Anton is a college sophomore who binge drinks. According to the profiles developed by Ham and Hope, he is probably drinking because _ . a. it helps him sleep better at night b. it is a regular part of his fraternity life c. it helps him pass the time when he is alone d. it will soothe his feelings of anxiety and depression ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Applied
88.
Alcohol is most similar in its biochemical effects to . a. marijuana c. opiates b. methamphetamines d. benzodiazepines ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
89.
Page: 311
Alcohol appears to heighten the activity of the neurotransmitter a. GABA c. serotonin b. endorphin d. dopamine ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
91.
Page: 311
Alcohol affects us by . a. increasing central nervous system activity b. reducing sensitivity of the parasympathetic nervous system c. heightening activity of GABA d. increasing sensitivity of norepinephrine receptor sites ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
90.
Page: 309
.
Page: 311
Which of the following is true of alcohol's effects? a. It encourages people to talk more openly and honestly. b. It lowers people's ability to envision the consequences of misbehavior. c. It directly increases people's sexual responsiveness. d. It makes it easier for people to sleep. ANSWER: B Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
618
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 92.
Which drug is most likely to be implicated in cases of domestic violence and sexual assaults? a. Xanax c. Alcohol b. Marijuana d. Prozac ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
93.
Increasing amounts of alcohol use can a. delay b. impair ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
94.
c. d.
sexual performance. enhance arouse
Page: 312
Page: 312
A potentially fatal disorder in which healthy liver cells become supplanted with scar tissue is a. alcoholic hepatitis c. Korsakoff’s syndrome b. cirrhosis of the liver d. Wernicke's syndrome ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
96.
Page: 312
Chronic alcohol abuse is connected with which of the following? a. Cancer c. Anemia b. Increased aerobic capacity d. Arthritis ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
95.
Page: 312
Page: 312
Cirrhosis of the liver is linked to . a. direct death of liver cells from long-term alcohol poisoning b. protein deficiencies related to long-term alcohol abuse c. vitamin deficiencies related to long-term alcohol abuse d. carbohydrate deficiencies related to long-term alcohol abuse ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 312
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
619
.
97.
A liver disease which involves a serious and potentially life-threatening inflammation of the liver is called . a. alcoholic hepatitis c. Korsakoff’s syndrome b. cirrhosis of the liver d. Wernicke's syndrome ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
98.
Page: 312
Korsakoff’s syndrome is linked to . a. direct death of brain cells from long-term alcohol poisoning b. protein deficiencies related to long-term alcohol abuse c. vitamin deficiencies related to long-term alcohol abuse d. carbohydrate deficiencies related to long-term alcohol abuse ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
99.
a. b.
Page: 312
is characterized by glaring confusion, disorientation, and memory loss for recent events. Broca's syndrome c. Korsakoff’s syndrome Wernicke's syndrome d. Klinefelter's syndrome
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 100.
Habitual drinkers tend to be a. hyperactive b. underachievers ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
101.
. c. d.
malnourished obese
Page: 312
Mothers who drink place the fetus at risk for which of the following? a. Infant mortality c. b. Development of Alzheimer’s disease later in life d. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
102.
Page: 312
Low vision Later infertility
Page: 312
Fetal alcohol syndrome has been found among children of mothers who drank as little as per week. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
620
of alcohol
a. b.
a drink and a half 3 drinks
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 103.
Page: 313
.
Page: 313
Moderate alcohol use is defined as about a. 1 to 3 drinks per week b. 1 drink per day ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
107.
Page: 312
Light drinking appears to incur some positive health benefits through a. a protective effect on the heart and circulatory system, b. raising levels of LDL c. increasing overall metabolism d. decreasing overall metabolism ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
106.
Page: 312
Correlational studies indicate that where drinking alcohol is concerned, most beneficial to one's health. a. abstinence is c. heavy levels of drinking are b. moderate levels of drinking are d. very heavy levels of drinking are ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
105.
five drinks seven drinks
A childhood disorder characterized by facial features such as a flattened nose, widely spaced eyes, an underdeveloped upper jaw, mental retardation, and social skills deficits is . a. Korsakoff’s syndrome c. fetal alcohol syndrome b. infantile autism d. Reye’s syndrome ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
104.
c. d.
c. d.
for women. 2 to 4 drinks per day 4 to 6 drinks per month
Page: 313
Moderate alcohol use is defined as about for men. a. 3 drinks per week c. 4 drinks per day b. 2 drinks per day d. 10 drinks per month Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
621
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 108.
Amobarbital, secobarbital, phenobarbital, and pentobarbital are a. opiates c. barbiturates b. stimulants d. hallucinogenics ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
109.
Barbiturates are a. opiates b. sedatives
Barbiturates are a. opiates b. depressants
antidepressants stimulants
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. c. d.
hallucinogens stimulants
Page: 313
Barbiturates create psychological dependence and _ create physiological dependence. a. do not; do not c. do not; quickly b. quickly; do not d. rapidly; quickly ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
112.
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c. d.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 111.
.
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 110.
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Page: 313
High doses of barbiturates produce effects similar to those of . a. hallucinogenics c. cocaine b. alcohol d. methamphetamines ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 313
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622
113.
The effects of barbiturates last about a. 1 to 3 b. 3 to 6 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
114.
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.
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A mixture of barbiturates and alcohol is about a. two c. b. four d. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
118.
Page: 313
Barbiturates have synergistic effects when combined with a. cocaine c. PCP b. marijuana d. alcohol ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
117.
. withdrawal but not tolerance both tolerance and withdrawal
Which of the following is true of barbiturates? a. They have few side effects when used in the long-term treatment of insomnia. b. They rarely create psychological and physiological dependence. c. They are stimulating and can produce a mild state of euphoria. d. Abrupt withdrawal from barbiturates after tolerance has developed can produce fatal seizures. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
116.
Page: 313
Barbiturate use results in the development of a. neither tolerance nor withdrawal c. b. tolerance but not withdrawal d. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
115.
hours. c. 6 to 9 d. 9 to 12
times as powerful as either drug used by itself. six eight
Page: 313
Marilyn Monroe and Judy Garland died at least in part due to ingesting a combination of alcohol and . a. antidepressants c. barbiturates Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
623
b.
mood stabilizers
d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 119.
Page: 313
Drugs that are used medically for pain relief but that have strong addictive potential are a. stimulants c. narcotics b. hallucinogens d. neuroleptics ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
120.
Which of the following is an opioid? a. Codeine b. Phencyclidine
Opioids are classified as a. narcotics b. mild tranquilizers ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
122.
123.
c. d.
Propofol Modafanil
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. c. d.
stimulants hallucinogens
Page: 313
The major medical application for opioids is a. tranquilization c. b. disinfection d. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
. CNS arousal analgesia
Page: 313
Endorphins are similar in chemical structure and lock into the same receptor sites as a. barbiturates c. hallucinogenics b. opioids d. stimulants ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5
.
Page: 313
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 121.
stimulants
Page: 314
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624
.
Skill: Factual 124.
Endorphins function chiefly to . a. increase metabolic rate b. regulate states of pleasure and pain c. decrease central nervous system functioning d. increase GABA sensitivity ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
125.
Natural substances that function as neurotransmitters in the brain and are similar in their effects to morphine are . a. catecholamines c. endorphins b. neuroleptics d. antigens ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
126.
.
Page: 314
After a few days following the last dose of an opioid, withdrawal symptoms include a. cravings b. anxiety c. hot and cold flashes d. irritability ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
128.
Page: 314
Initial withdrawal symptoms associated with opioids include a. high blood pressure and cramps b. vomiting, insomnia, and diarrhea c. tremors and hot and cold flashes d. anxiety, death, and cravings ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
127.
Page: 314
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The withdrawal syndrome associated with opioids usually begins within dose. a. 1-2 c. 8-12 b. 4-6 d. 20-24 ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
.
hours of taking the last
Page: 314
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
625
Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 129.
was introduced in the United States around the time of the Civil War and was used to deaden pain from wounds. a. Morphine c. Opium b. Heroin d. Codeine ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
130.
Page: 314
In the 19th century, physiological dependence on became known as "soldier's disease." a. codeine c. opium b. morphine d. heroin ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
131.
Page: 314
Morphine’s name is derived from Morpheus, the Greek god of a. pleasure c. poetry b. pain d. dreams ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
132.
Page: 314
The most widely used opiate is a. morphine b. opium
. c. d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 133.
Heroin is usually a. injected b. swallowed
heroin methadone
Page: 314
. c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 134.
.
The positive effects of heroin
snorted smoked
Page: 314
.
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626
a. b.
are immediate take several minutes to develop
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 135.
Heroin is a . a. stimulant b. hallucinogen ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
136.
c. d.
depressant designer drug
Page: 315
Page: 315
Benzodiazepine Phencyclidine
Page: 315
Amphetamines are used in high doses for their a. pain-killing properties c. b. calming effects d. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse
.
Page: 315
Which of the following is an amphetamine? a. Brotizolan c. b. Methedrine d. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
139.
Page: 315
Psychoactive substances that increase nervous system activity are called a. opioids c. stimulants b. hallucinogens d. depressants ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
138.
vary greatly from user to user take several hours to develop
Heroin produces a powerful rush that lasts from . a. 5 to 15 seconds c. 5 to 15 hours b. 5 to 15 minutes d. 5 to 15 days ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
137.
c. d.
. euphoric rush appetite enhancing qualities
Page: 315
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627
Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual 140.
An amphetamine which is smoked in a rather pure form is known as a. crack c. speed rush b. bennies d. crystal meth ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
141.
142.
. dextroamphetamine methylphenidate
Page: 315
Page: 315
Amphetamine psychosis most closely resembles . a. disorganized schizophrenia c. paranoid schizophrenia b. dissociative personality disorder d. catatonic schizophrenia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
144.
c. d.
Which of the following is true of amphetamines? a. Psychological dependence on amphetamines is rare. b. Amphetamine users do not show an abstinence syndrome when they stop usage. c. High doses can cause delusions, hallucinations, and insomnia. d. Amphetamine users do not suffer the “crash” experience that cocaine users typically report of when the drug wears off. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
143.
Page: 315
The most potent form of amphetamine is a. liquid methamphetamine b. amphetamine sulfate ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
.
Page: 315
, a designer drug that is chemically similar to amphetamines, became a popular illicit drug during the 1990s at clubs and “raves.” a. MXR c. Ecstasy b. PCP d. Crystal meth ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 315
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628
145.
Ecstasy is chemically similar to a. nicotine b. endorphins ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
146.
Page: 315
Page: 315
Page: 315
Which of the following statements is true? a. In lower doses, ecstasy improves concentration and arousal. b. Ecstasy can deplete dopamine levels in the brain. c. Ecstasy is chemically similar to cocaine. d. When mixed with other stimulants, cause low blood pressure. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
150.
Page: 315
Clark has used ecstasy several times during high school. Which cognitive function could be impaired when Clark enters college? a. Concentration c. Perceptual motor coordination b. Memory d. Organizational ability ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
149.
alcohol amphetamine
Ecstasy can produce which of the following psychological effects? a. Increased alertness c. Psychosis b. Relaxation and calm d. Drowsiness ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
148.
c. d.
Teen use of ecstasy in the early years of the new millennium. a. dropped significantly c. stayed the same b. increased significantly d. varied unpredictably ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
147.
.
Cocaine is a(n) a. stimulant
Page: 316
. c.
opioid
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629
b.
depressant
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual 151.
Crack contains about a. 35 b. 55 ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
153.
154.
brief; intense extended; intense
percent pure cocaine. c. 75 d. 95
Page: 316
. purple drank angel dust
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A method which intensifies the rush of cocaine by heating it with ether and then smoking it is called . a. snorting c. freebasing b. mainlining d. downstreaming ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
155.
in duration and involve a period of
Page: 316
The most habit-forming street drug available is a. 'srooms c. b. crack d. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
hallucinogen
Page: 316
Withdrawal symptoms for cocaine are usually depression. a. brief; mild c. b. extended; mild d. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
152.
d.
Next to marijuana, a. heroin b. alcohol ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
Page: 316
is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. c. methamphetamine d. cocaine
Page: 316
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
630
Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 156.
Which of the following is a complication of cocaine use? a. Permanent dopamine depletion c. Decreased heart rate b. Fatal, irregular heart rhythms d. Decreased blood pressure ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
157.
Cocaine is associated with which of the following? a. Psychosis c. Hypochondriasis b. Obesity d. Diabetes ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
158.
Habitual smoking of nicotine creates a a. psychological; depressant b. physical; stimulant ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Conceptual
160.
Page: 316
c. d.
addiction to a drug. physical; depressant psychological; stimulant
Page: 316
Over people die each year in the United States from smoking-related illnesses. a. 280,000 c. 480,000 b. 380,000 d. 580,000 ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
161.
Page: 316
Which of the following is cited as a complication of cocaine use? a. Ulcers of the nostrils c. Diabetes b. Cancer of the throat d. Pancreatic damage ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
159.
Page: 316
Smoking a. reduces
Page: 316
the risk of dying in mid-life. c.
slightly increases
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631
b.
has no effect on
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual 162.
About a. 8 b. 10
More women die of a. cervical b. breast ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
165.
Page: 317
Page: 317
cancer than any other form of cancer. c. uterine d. lung
Page: 317
By quitting smoking, one can reduce one’s risk of having cancer . a. to rates below that of individuals who never smoked b. to lower rates but not to rates as low as that of someone who never smoked c. is undetermined due to the fact that all of the research is correlational d. to rates equal to that of individuals who never smoked ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
166.
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percent of Americans smoke today. c. 18 d. 28
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual 164.
doubles
About people die around the world annually from smoking-related illnesses. a. 750,000 c. 2 million b. 1 million d. 3 million ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
163.
d.
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Which of the following ethnic groups has the highest percentage of individuals who smoke? a. African Americans c. Native Americans b. Asian Americans d. Caucasian Americans ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 317
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632
Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual 167.
Walt is a novice smoker. As he smokes, his skin becomes cold and clammy, and he feels nauseous, dizzy, and faint. Later on he develops diarrhea. His symptoms are directly due to the action of in his cigarettes. a. carbon monoxide c. hydrocarbons b. carbohydrates d. nicotine ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Applied
168.
The stimulant in tobacco smoke which gives cigarettes their "kick" is a. carbon monoxide c. the hydrocarbons b. the carbohydrates d. nicotine ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
169.
Page: 317
Page: 318
Nicotine creates pleasurable feelings by causing the release of a. endorphins c. catecholamines b. enkaphalins d. cortisol ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
171.
.
Nicotine stimulates the body by causing a discharge of . a. estrogen c. epinephrine b. testosterone d. dopamine ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
170.
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Nicotine use leads to . a. neither tolerance nor withdrawal b. tolerance but not withdrawal ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
.
Page: 318
c. d.
withdrawal but not tolerance tolerance and withdrawal
Page: 318
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633
172.
About disorder. a. 25% b. 90% c. 50% d. 30%
of tobacco users who quit for two or more days show evidence of tobacco withdrawal
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual 173.
Hallucinogens are also known as a. opioids b. depressants ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
174.
c. d.
stimulants psychedelics
Page: 318
Page: 318
Which of the following is classified as a hallucinogenic drug? a. Marijuana c. Methamphetamine b. Meow-meow d. Cocaine ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
176.
.
Drugs that produce sensory distortions or hallucinations as their primary psychoactive effect are called . a. opioids c. barbiturates b. stimulants d. hallucinogens ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
175.
Page: 318
Page: 318
Research indicates to hallucinogens. a. there is no evidence of the development of tolerance or withdrawal syndrome b. tolerance may develop but there is no withdrawal syndrome c. no support for the development of tolerance but a clearly identified withdrawal syndrome d. the development of tolerance and a clearly identified withdrawal syndrome ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 318
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634
177.
Which of the following is true of LSD? a. Only experienced, heavy users of LSD report "bad trips." b. Some users of LSD report flashbacks. c. Many LSD users claim that it improves attention to detail. d. LSD trips are somewhat unpredictable with first-time users but become predictable with repeated use. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
178.
Flashbacks can occur days, weeks, or even years after taking a. cocaine c. hashish b. marijuana d. LSD ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
179.
The street name "angel dust" refers to a. LSD b. THC ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
180.
. c. d.
PCP DDT
Page: 319
. a neuroleptic a minor tranquilizer
Page: 319
Ben feels as if there is some sort of barrier or wall between himself and his environment, as if he was an outsider watching the rest of the world go by without him. He is also experiencing some extremely hostile and aggressive urges, perceptual distortions, and paranoia. He has most likely been using _ . a. LSD c. PCP b. THC d. DDT ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Applied
182.
.
Page: 318
“Angel dust” was developed in the 1950s as a. an anesthetic c. b. an analgesic d. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
181.
Page: 318
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Which of the following hallucinogens is classified as a deliriant? a. LSD c. DDT Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
635
b.
THC
d.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual 183.
Page: 319
The major psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is a. PCB c. PCP b. THC d. LSD ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
184.
Marijuana is considered a a. depressant b. deliriant
.
Hashish is very similar in its effects to a. marijuana b. LSD ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
186.
Approximately a. 21 b. 41
About a. 1 b. 2
c. d.
hallucinogen major tranquilizer
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. c. PCP d. cocaine
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percent of twelfth graders have tried marijuana in the past month. c. 61 d. 81
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual 187.
.
Page: 319
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual 185.
PCP
Page: 319
percent of the U.S. adult population suffers from a marijuana use disorder. c. 3 d. 4
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7
Page: 319
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636
Skill: Factual 188.
Which of the following people is MOST likely to be dependent on marijuana? a. An 18-year-old male c. A 32-year-old male b. A 24-year-old female d. A 47-year-old female ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Conceptual
189.
Which of the following people is LEAST likely to be dependent on marijuana? a. An 18-year-old male c. A 32-year-old male b. A 24-year-old female d. A 47-year-old female ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Conceptual
190.
a. b.
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Which of the following is an effect of marijuana at stronger levels of intoxication? a. It may produce feelings of heightened sexual sensations. b. It can cause smokers to become agitated. c. It can make time seem to pass more quickly. d. It appears to produce more physiological than psychological dependence. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
192.
Page: 319
is the nation's most popular illicit substance among teenagers. Cocaine c. Marijuana Alcohol d. LSD
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual 191.
Page: 319
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Which of the following is true of marijuana? a. It may produce tolerance over long periods of heavy use. b. A specific withdrawal syndrome is not associated with its use. c. Over time, smoking one joint of marijuana daily presents 1/3 the risk of developing cancer compared to smoking one cigarette daily. d. It impairs short-term memory and slows learning. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
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637
193.
Some chronic marijuana users report developing sensitization, which is defined as a. developing skin rashes and mouth sores with long-term use b. becoming less sensitive to the drug’s effects with repeated use c. becoming more sensitive to the drug’s effects with repeated use d. a withdrawal symptom similar to what is experienced with alcohol withdrawal ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
194.
Page: 321
When the body becomes habituated to opioids, it ceases production of a. testosterone c. prostaglandins b. endorphins d. norepinephrine ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Factual
198.
Page: 320
There appears to be a common pathway in the brain involving the neurotransmitter explain the pleasure-inducing effects of many drugs. a. cortisol c. acetylcholine b. dopamine d. norepinephrine ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Factual
197.
Page: 320
Anxious people may be drawn to which of the following types of drugs? a. Antipsychotics c. Marijuana b. Cocaine d. Psychedelics ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Conceptual
196.
Page: 320
For most adolescents, alcohol is used primarily to . a. be accepted by their peers c. get “high” b. prove they are adults d. avoid social anxiety ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Conceptual
195.
.
.
Page: 321
Twin studies have found . a. no significant correlation for rates of alcoholism in monozygotic or dizygotic twins Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
638
that may
b. c. d.
a greater concordance rate of alcoholism for monozygotic twins than for dizygotic twins a greater concordance rate of alcoholism for dizygotic twins than for monozygotic twins an equal concordance rate of alcoholism for monozygotic and dizygotic twins
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Factual 199.
Cocaine works on the brain’s use of a. serotonin b. epinephrine
Page: 322
c. d.
. norepinephrine dopamine
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 323 Topic: A Closer Look: How Cocaine Affects the Brain Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Factual 200.
Cocaine interferes with the process of reuptake by which excess molecules of by the transmitting neuron. a. serotonin c. epinephrine b. dopamine d. norepinephrine
are reabsorbed
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 323 Topic: A Closer Look : How Cocaine Affects the Brain Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Factual 201.
Research evidence suggests that a genetic vulnerability to alcohol may involve a combination of getting pleasure from the drug and a biological tolerance for the drug. a. less; lower c. less; greater b. greater; lower d. greater; greater ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Conceptual
202.
Charlie is at a high genetic risk for alcoholism. However, he grew up in a family in which neither parent ever abused alcohol. The history of his family’s drinking behavior the likelihood of his becoming an alcoholic. a. reduces c. increases b. nullifies d. would not affect ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Applied
203.
Page: 322
Page: 323
Learning theories stress that the most powerful factor in people becoming dependent on drugs such as cocaine is reinforcement. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
639
a. b.
positive negative
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Conceptual 204.
Page: 324
Page: 324
Which type of drug may be used as a form of self-medication for depression? a. Alcohol c. Nicotine b. LSD d. Heroin ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Factual
208.
Page: 324
The tension reduction theory proposes that . a. the more often one drinks to reduce tension, the stronger the habit becomes b. the more often one drinks to reduce tension, the weaker the habit becomes c. the less often one drinks to reduce tension, the stronger the habit becomes d. the less often one drinks to reduce tension, the weaker the habit becomes ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Conceptual
207.
Page: 324
According to learning theorists, which of the following is one of the reasons why people initially use an illegal drug? a. Trial and error c. Genetic vulnerability b. Medical need d. Physiological drive ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Conceptual
206.
social delayed
According to learning theorists, which of the following is true? a. Substance-related behaviors cannot be unlearned due to the powerful genetic influences of addictive processes. b. Emotional stress often sets the stage for development of substance abuse. c. Drugs may become habitual because of the body’s increased need for the drug. d. Substance abuse is actually a disease. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Conceptual
205.
c. d.
Page: 324
Once people become physiologically dependent on a drug, the drug habit is maintained by Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
640
.
a. b.
positive reinforcement negative reinforcement
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Conceptual 209.
Page: 325
Page: 325
Susie completed a semester abroad during her junior year of college. Every evening she ate pasta and drank large amounts of red wine with her companions. After returning to the U.S., Susie finds she craves red wine whenever she eats pasta. In the classical conditioning model, the red wine represents a(n) . a. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned stimuli b. unconditioned response d. conditioned response ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Applied
212.
Page: 324
Paul played pool while drinking beer at the local bars during his time in college. Years later, whenever Paul plays pool, he is overwhelmed with cravings to drink beer. In the classical conditioning model, “playing pool” represents the . a. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned stimulus b. unconditioned response d. conditioned response ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Applied
211.
classical conditioning negative punishment
Jean played pool while drinking beer at the local bars during college. Years later, whenever Jean plays pool, she is overwhelmed with cravings to drink beer. In the classical conditioning model, her cravings represent the . a. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned stimulus b. unconditioned response d. conditioned response ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Applied
210.
c. d.
Page: 325
Whenever Tina drinks alcohol, she is overwhelmed with feelings of pleasure and relaxation. In the classical conditioning model, the pleasurable and relaxing feelings which accompany her ingestion of alcohol represents . a. unconditioned stimuli c. conditioned stimuli b. an unconditioned response d. a conditioned response ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9
Page: 325
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
641
Skill: Applied 213.
For some substances users, cravings may represent a conditioned response to prior use of the substance. a. positive reinforcement b. negative operants c. environmental cues d. physiological cues ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Conceptual
214.
c. d.
to treat alcohol dependence. extinction procedures aversive conditioning
Page: 326
An alcohol dependence treatment technique which exposes a person to alcohol related stimuli while preventing the person from drinking is called . a. intoxication prevention therapy c. classical conditioning training b. symptom substitution therapy d. cue exposure training ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Factual
217.
Page: 326
Cue exposure training involves the use of a. punishment b. intrinsic rewards ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Factual
216.
Page: 325
Research shows exhibit increased salivation to the sight and smell of alcohol. a. neither people with alcoholism nor nonalcoholics b. people with alcoholism, but not nonalcoholics c. nonalcoholics, but not people with alcoholism d. both people with alcoholism and nonalcoholics ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Factual
215.
associated with
Page: 326
Which of the following is a strong cognitive predictor of adolescent drinking? a. Family history c. Self-efficacy expectancies b. Outcome expectancies d. Social class ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9
Page: 326
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
642
Skill: Conceptual 218.
Charlize drinks alcohol because she believes that it reduces tension, helps her relax, become more sociable and, in general, have a good time. She believes that people like her better when she's had a few drinks and feels she can make more friends when she's drunk than when she's sober. Charlize's beliefs about what alcohol can do for her represent . a. outcome expectancies c. self-efficacy expectancies b. behavioral contingencies d. behavioral cues ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Applied
219.
James believes that he needs alcohol to help him relax when he talks to people. The explain James’s motivation for drinking. a. outcome expectancy c. tension reduction b. self-efficacy d. paradoxical intention ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Applied
220.
expectancies.
Page: 326
When we insist on seeing the world in black and white rather than shades of gray (for example, as either complete successes or complete failures), we may be engaging in what Aaron Beck calls . a. expectancy outcome b. magnification c. overgeneralization d. absolutist thinking ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Conceptual
222.
model would
Page: 326
Personal expectancies we hold about our ability to successfully perform tasks are a. self-efficacy c. hardiness b. attributional d. outcome ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Factual
221.
Page: 326
Page: 326
The one-drink hypothesis exemplifies what Aaron Beck calls . a. emotional thinking c. relativistic thinking b. impulsive thinking d. absolutist thinking ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives
Page: 326
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643
Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Conceptual 223.
According to psychodynamic theory, alcoholism reflects an a. oral-dependent c. anal-retentive b. oral-aggressive d. anal-expulsive ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Conceptual
224.
Page: 327
Teenagers who start drinking before age 15 are people who begin drinking at a later age to develop alcohol dependence in adulthood. a. half as likely as c. twice as likely as b. just as likely as d. five times as likely as ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Factual
228.
Page: 326
is generally associated with abstinence from alcohol. a. Being married c. Working as a bartender b. Working as a dentist d. Attending church ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Factual
227.
Page: 327
Cognitive theorists explain the "one-drink" effect as a . a. biochemical process c. cognitive lapse b. self-awareness model d. self-fulfilling prophecy ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Factual
226.
Page: 326
According to psychodynamic theorists, smoking is a(n) . a. oral fixation c. phallic conflict b. anal fixation d. genital fixation ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Conceptual
225.
personality.
Page: 327
Which of the following is true of treating people with substance abuse and dependency problems? a. They are eager to enter treatment but typically lack health insurance or the financial means to Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
644
b. c. d.
support the treatment. Helping substance abusers through withdrawal is usually the most complicated and difficult part of treatment. Substance abusers often have trouble relating to other substance abusers who abuse substances that are different from the ones they abuse. Substance abusers often have other psychological problems in addition to their substance abuse problems.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 328 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Conceptual 229.
In many, if not most, cases, people with drug dependencies on their own. a. do not; do not c. do not; do b. do; do not d. do; do
want to stop and
seek treatment
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 327 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual 230.
Biological treatments for people with chemical dependencies often begin with a. electroconvulsive therapy c. intoxification b. behavioral counseling d. detoxification
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 329 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual 231.
The process of ridding the system of alcohol or other drugs under supervised conditions is known as . a. abstinence c. withdrawal b. detoxification d. symbiosis ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 329 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual
232.
In detoxification, patients are sometimes given a. opioids c. b. stimulants d.
to help mute withdrawal symptoms. antianxiety drugs hallucinogenics
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 329 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
645
233.
Substance abuse counselors may use the technique of make changes in their lives. a. direct confrontation c. b. motivational interviewing d.
to increase their clients’ readiness to behavioral interviewing peer processing
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 327 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual 234.
Eddie suffers from social anxiety disorder as well as an addiction to alcohol. As part of his treatment, Eddie receives social skills training and individual therapy along with the standard activities of his treatment for chemical dependence. Clients like Eddie, who have both chemical dependence and psychological issues, are said to have a . a. self-medication duality b. dual diagnosis c. primary psychological disorder d. secondary addiction ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 328 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Applied
235.
Jean has been given a drug that makes her violently ill if she drinks alcohol. The drug she is most likely to have been given is . a. naloxone c. methadone b. disulfiram d. diazepam ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 329 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Applied
236.
Which of the following statements about Antabuse is true? a. It causes high blood pressure when taken with alcohol. b. Antabuse has a no effect on people with liver disease. c. Patients who want to drink merely suffer through the physical reaction if they elect to drink while on Antabuse. d. Little evidence supports the efficacy of the drug in the long run. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 329 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual
237.
a. b.
have shown some promise in stemming some abusers' cravings for nicotine. Antidepressants c. Tranquilizers Stimulants d. Opiates
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 319
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646
Learning Objective: 8.10 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Skill: Factual 238.
An antidepressant used to blunt cravings for nicotine is a. Xanax c. Naloxone b. Zyban d. Luvox
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 329 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual 239.
Which of the following drugs used in cessation-smoking treatment is linked to serious complications, such as increased risks of depression and suicidal behaviors? a. Bupropion (trade name Zyban) b. Varenicline (trade name Chantix) c. Benzodiazepine (trade name Zanex) d. Disulfiram (trade name Antabuse) ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 329 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual
240.
Which of the following has been shown to be MOST effective in getting smokers to successfully quit smoking? a. Nicotine replacement therapy by itself b. Behavior therapy by itself c. Behavior therapy combined with psychodynamic therapy d. Nicotine replacement therapy combined with behavior therapy ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 329 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual
241.
Methadone is a(n) a. opiate b. barbiturate
. c. d.
stimulant hallucinogenic
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 329 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual 242.
Ann is trying to overcome an addiction to heroin. She has been given an alternative drug that is slower acting than heroin and does not provide the "rush" provided by heroin. It does, however, protect her from the painful abstinence syndrome usually associated with the cessation of heroin use. She is most likely taking . a. disulfiram c. methadone b. naloxone d. diazepam Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
647
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 329 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Applied 243.
Methadone is a. not b. slightly
addictive. c. d.
moderately highly
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 330 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual 244.
Buprenorphine and levomethadyl are both used to treat . a. heroin addiction c. nicotine dependency b. alcoholism d. barbiturate withdrawal effects ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 330 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual
245.
Naltrexone is used to treat by blocking the high feelings produced by . a. amphetamine psychosis c. alcohol and opioid dependence b. withdrawal from barbiturates d. LSD flashbacks ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 330 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual
246.
The major problem with drug treatments involving disulfiram, naltrexone, or methadone is that . a. they cannot be given to patients for long periods of time b. they only work on about half the patients to whom they are given c. they produce tolerance to an even greater degree than some of the substances they are attempting to replace d. patients can choose not to use them as required, rendering them useless ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 330 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual
247.
Many members of ethnic minorities resist traditional treatment approaches to alcoholism because . a. these approaches have not been shown to work with members of ethnic minorities b. these approaches do not work as well as "home-grown" methods of treatment c. they are not interested in treatment for something that is only considered a problem in white society d. they feel excluded from full participation in society
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648
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 649 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.11 Skill: Conceptual 248.
Which of the following has been recommended as a way of improving the success rate of alcohol treatment plans among ethnic minorities? a. Improve the level of technology that is brought to bear during treatment. b. Incorporate social media into the treatment aftercare plan. c. Use counselors who have not been chemically dependent themselves. d. Address all facets of the human being, including racial and cultural identity. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 331 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.11 Skill: Conceptual
249.
To Alcoholics Anonymous, alcoholics who have quit drinking are always seen as a. cured c. fooling themselves b. recovering d. in remission
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 331 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.12 Skill: Conceptual 250.
Alcoholics Anonymous is run by a. physicians b. social workers
. c. d.
psychotherapists laypersons
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 331 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.12 Skill: Factual 251.
In Alcoholics Anonymous, more experienced group members called during periods of crisis or potential relapse. a. peer mentors b. sponsors c. recovery buddies d. guides
support newer members
. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 332 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.12 Skill: Factual 252.
Alcoholics Anonymous follows a a. 3 b. 6
-step approach for treating alcohol abuse. c. 9 d. 12
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649
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 650 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.12 Skill: Factual 253.
Which of the following is a component of groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, and Cocaine Anonymous? a. Asserting one’s control over his or her drug use b. Learning to use alcohol or drugs in moderation c. Working in isolation to overcome one’s addiction d. Getting in touch with a "higher power" through prayer and meditation ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 332 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.12 Skill: Factual
254.
Al-Anon is designed to . a. support people suffering from alcoholism who have failed at the regular Alcoholics Anonymous programs b. provide support to people suffering from alcoholism who are struggling with other substance abuse problems in addition to alcohol abuse c. provide support exclusively for teenaged sufferers of alcoholism d. provide support to spouses and family members of people suffering from alcoholism ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 332 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.12 Skill: Factual
255.
Alateen provides support . a. exclusively to teenaged sufferers of alcoholism b. exclusively to teenaged polydrug abusers c. to the children of people suffering from alcoholism d. to the spouses of teenaged sufferers of alcoholism ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 332 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.12 Skill: Factual
256.
Hospitalization would be recommended for which of the following persons with chemical dependence? a. A client with solid medical health coverage. Otherwise the treatment is too costly to be borne by the addict. b. Chemically dependent users with legal charges pending. c. In a case where outpatient treatment would be costlier. d. When the abuser’s behavior is self-destructive or dangerous to others. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 332 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.13 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Skill: Conceptual 257.
a. b.
of people treated for alcoholism are treated on an outpatient basis. A small minority c. A slight majority A large minority d. The great majority
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 332 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.13 Skill: Factual 258.
Most inpatient programs use a a. 7 b. 14
day treatment program. c. 21 d. 28
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 332 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.13 Skill: Factual 259.
Comparisons of outpatient and inpatient treatment programs for alcoholism have found that a. neither one works as well as individuals quitting "cold turkey" on their own b. outpatient treatment is generally more effective than inpatient treatment c. inpatient treatment is generally more effective than outpatient treatment d. both inpatient and outpatient treatment work about equally well in relapse rate
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 332 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.13 Skill: Factual 260.
Residential treatment programs for substance use have numbers of early dropouts and residents relapse upon returning to the outside world. a. low; few c. low; many b. high; few d. high; many ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 332 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.13 Skill: Factual
261.
Psychodynamic approaches to the treatment of substance use focus on . a. replacing substance abuse behaviors with alternate behaviors that are more socially acceptable and equally gratifying b. improving the patient's social support system so that it does not encourage drug use c. altering positive outcome expectancies and self-efficacy expectancies associated with drug use d. resolving underlying emotional conflicts which led to drug abuse in the first place ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 333 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.14 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
651
Skill: Factual 262.
Natalie goes to a therapist for treatment of her substance use problem. Her therapist spends a lot of time exploring her childhood in an effort to find the underlying conflicts which created her need to use drugs. Her therapist is most likely a therapist. a. behavioral c. psychodynamic b. cognitive d. humanistic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 333 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.14 Skill: Applied
263.
Behavioral approaches to the treatment of substance use focus on . a. modifying abusive and dependent behavior patterns b. improving the patient's social support system so that it does not encourage drug use c. altering positive outcome expectancies and self-efficacy expectancies associated with drug use d. resolving underlying emotional conflicts which led to drug use in the first place ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 333 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.15 Skill: Conceptual
264.
Terri goes to a therapist for treatment of her substance use problem. Her therapist immediately begins teaching her new skills and self-control strategies, focusing on new ways of behaving rather than on possible underlying mechanisms which may have led her to use drugs. Her therapist is most likely a therapist. a. behavioral c. psychodynamic b. cognitive d. humanistic ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 333 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.15 Skill: Applied
265.
Self-control strategies for substance abuse include all but which one of the following? a. Controlling the antecedents c. Controlling the consequences b. Controlling the behaviors d. Controlling the reinforcements ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 333 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.15 Skill: Conceptual
266.
Which of the following is a technique typically used by behavioral therapists to treat substance abuse? a. Hypnosis c. Self-actualization exploration b. Electroconvulsive therapy d. Social skills training ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 334 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
652
Learning Objective: 8.15 Skill: Factual 267.
In the contingency management approach to treatment of opioids and cocaine, the patient a. vomits whenever taking the drug b. uses a substitute drug like methadone c. is awarded money for staying clean d. gradually is weaned off of the substance
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 333 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.15 Skill: Factual 268.
Jennifer goes to a therapist for treatment of her substance use problem. Her therapist teaches her to focus on the antecedent cues which lead to her drug use, the drug use itself, and the consequences of her drug use. Then, the therapist discusses ways she can avoid the cues which tempt her to use drugs, competing responses she can substitute for drug use, and self-rewards she can use to substitute for the rewards she used to get from drug use. Her therapist is using . a. self-control training c. covert sensitization b. aversive conditioning d. social skills training ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 333 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.15 Skill: Applied
269.
Stacy goes to a therapist for treatment of her drinking problem. The therapist makes her drink alcohol at the same time she takes a drug that induces nausea and vomiting. Her therapist is using . a. negative reinforcement c. covert sensitization b. aversive conditioning d. skills training ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 333 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.15 Skill: Applied
270.
Marta goes to a therapist for treatment of her drinking problem. Her therapist teaches her to be more assertive in dealing with her "drinking buddies" who are always pressuring her to drink until she can't stand up. This technique is called . a. self-control training c. covert sensitization b. aversive conditioning d. social skills training ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 334 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.15 Skill: Applied
271.
Rosa goes to a therapist for treatment of her drinking problem. Her therapist makes her sign a written behavioral contract in which she agrees to abstain from drinking and to take Antabuse. Her husband agrees to refrain from making comments about her past drinking and the probability of future lapses. This technique is part of . Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
653
a. b.
self-control training aversive conditioning
c. d.
covert sensitization social skills training
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 334 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.15 Skill: Applied 272.
Sarah goes to her therapist for treatment of her drinking problem. Her therapist teaches her methods to stop the drinking, which work quite effectively. Then, her therapist teaches her a series of techniques and skills designed to help prevent her from drinking again and to help her cope with high-risk situations and temptations she is sure to encounter. This approach is called . a. self-control training c. relapse prevention training b. skills training d. the abstinence violation effect ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 335 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.16 Skill: Applied
273.
The relapse prevention model focuses on . a. underlying psychological conflicts which create the need to use drugs b. total abstinence from drug use c. identifying high-risk situations and learning effective coping skills d. modification of social support systems ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 335 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.16 Skill: Conceptual
274.
Compulsive or pathological gamblers often report that they experienced a big win, or a series of winnings, in their gambling career. a. late b. early c. throughout d. never ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.17 Skill: Conceptual
275.
Page: 339
Miguel has been involved in online gambling. Each day he tells himself that he will quit when he has spent $20, but frequently goes over that amount, sometimes by a large sum. This pattern of gambling more than one intends to gamble is characteristic of which DSM-5 disorder? a. Gambling addiction disorder b. Gambling disorder c. Problem gambling disorder d. Chronic gambling disorder ANSWER: B Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
654
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.17 Skill: Applied 276.
About a. 40% b. 2%
young Americans aged 14 to 21 engage in problem gambling. c. 25% d. 5%
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.17 Skill: Factual 277.
Page: 338
Which of the following is often true about compulsive gamblers? a. They have high self-esteem. c. They come from accepting families. b. They have low self-esteem. d. They have parents that gamble compulsively. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.17 Skill: Applied
280.
Page: 338
Compulsive or problem gambling is , due in part to the . a. on the rise; increasing spread of legalized forms of gambling b. on the rise; ease of access to gambling through the Internet c. decreasing slightly; increasingly harsher penalties for declaring bankruptcy d. decreasing dramatically; intense gambling addiction awareness education through media and schools ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.17 Skill: Factual
279.
Page: 338
About of the general population will develop a gambling disorder at some point in their lives. a. 1.5% to 3.0% c. 5% b. 0.4% to 1.0% d. 10% ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.17 Skill: Factual
278.
Page: 338
Page: 339
Which of the following is a similarity between nonchemical addictions and substance addictions? a. Withdrawal symptoms b. High arousal before the addictive behavior is performed but low arousal during the addictive behavior c. Low arousal before the addictive behavior is performed and low arousal during the addictive behavior d. A loss of control over the addictive behavior ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Gambling Disorder
Page: 339
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
655
Learning Objective: 8.17 Skill: Factual 281.
Which of the following is true about compulsive gambling? a. It is more likely in individuals with high impulse control. b. It is more likely in individuals with low emotional instability. c. It is more likely in individuals with high frustration tolerance. d. It is more likely in individuals with high levels of self-centeredness. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.17 Skill: Factual
282.
Compulsive gamblers show brain deficits in the a. temporal lobes b. hippocampus c. prefrontal cortex d. occipital lopes ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.17 Skill: Factual
283.
.
Page: 338
Like many forms of abnormal behavior, evidence points to an important compulsive gambling. a. genetic b. learning c. unconscious d. sociocultural ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.17 Skill: Factual
284.
a. b. c. d.
Page: 338
medication has shown promise in the treatment of compulsive gambling. Antianxiety Antidepressant Antipsychotic Antiobsessional
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.18 Skill: Factual 285.
Page: 338
Page: 340
Most compulsive gamblers seek treatment . a. when they are still successful b. only during a financial or emotional crisis c. only after they have been arrested and are facing still legal consequences Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
656
component in
d.
only if they have no access to family financial resources
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.18 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 340
True-False Questions 286.
Tobacco and alcohol cause more deaths through sickness and accidents than all illicit drugs combined. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 298 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
287.
Illicit drugs cause many more deaths than legal drugs like tobacco or alcohol. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 298 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
288.
Illegal drugs have a much more negative effect on one’s health than legal drugs. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 298 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
289.
Korsakoff’s syndrome leads to irreversible memory loss after years of chronic alcohol abuse. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
290.
The disorders that compose Korsakoff’s syndrome go away soon after a person stops chronically consuming alcohol. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
291.
The DSM-5 classifies substance-related disorders in terms of two major types: substance-abuse disorders and substance dependence disorders. ANSWER: F
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
657
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 298 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual 292.
The DSM-5 classifies substance-related disorders in terms of two major types: substance-induced disorders and substance use disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 298 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
293.
A state of drunkenness or being “high,” brought about by use of a particular drug is called substance intoxication. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
294.
Two of the major types of substance use disorders identified in the DSM-5 are substance intoxication and substance withdrawal. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
295.
Substance withdrawal is a substance-induced disorder involving a cluster of symptoms that occur when a person abruptly stops using a particular substance following a period of prolonged and heavy use. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
296.
Tolerance is a state of physical habituation to a drug, resulting from frequent use such that higher doses are needed to achieve the same effect. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
297.
Alcohol induced mania is a state of mental confusion characterized by incoherent speech, disorientation, and extreme restlessness. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
658
Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual 298.
Alcohol induced delirium is a state of mental confusion characterized by incoherent speech, disorientation, and extreme restlessness. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 299 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
299.
The DSM-5 recognizes that regular use of caffeine can lead to a substance withdrawal disorder following the abrupt cessation of caffeine intake after a prolonged period of daily use. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 298 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
300.
Drug-related problems are more frequent among ethnic minorities. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 301 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Factual
301.
Addiction involves a loss of control over use of a drug despite knowledge of the harmful consequences it causes. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 302 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.2 Skill: Factual
302.
The three pathways to addiction listed in your text include: prodromal experimentation, active use, and addiction/dependence. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 305 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.4 Skill: Factual
303.
Drinking among college students tends to be limited to weekends and to be heavier early in the semester when academic demands are relatively light. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 308
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
659
304.
Hispanic American women are much more likely to use alcohol and to develop alcohol use disorders than non-Hispanic White women. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
305.
The prevalence of cirrhosis of the liver is nearly twice as high in African Americans as in non-Hispanic White Americans. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
306.
Page: 311
The effects of alcohol reflect the interaction of (a) the physiological effects of the substances and (b) our interpretations of those effects. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
310.
Page: 311
Native Americans overall have higher rates of alcoholism and suffer from more alcohol-related problems than any other ethnic group. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
309.
Page: 311
Many Native Americans believe the loss of their traditional culture is largely responsible for their high rates of drinking-related problem. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
308.
Page: 311
African Americans show lower rates of alcohol abuse and dependence than do (non-Hispanic) White Americans. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
307.
Page: 311
Page: 311
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome has been found among children of mothers who drank as little as a drink and a half per week. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
660
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 311.
A mixture of barbiturates and alcohol is about four times as powerful as either drug taken by itself. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
312.
Page: 314
Heroin was developed during a search for a nonaddictive drug that would relieve pain as effectively as morphine. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
316.
Page: 314
Withdrawal symptoms associated with opioids are relatively mild. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
315.
Page: 313
Neurons in the brain have receptor sites into which opioids fit like a lock and key. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
314.
Page: 313
Opioids are a group of stimulants whose main uses include alleviating lethargy and attentional problems. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
313.
Page: 311
Page: 314
Stimulants have been used to treat chronic pain. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 315
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
661
317.
The hallucinations and delusions of amphetamine psychosis mimic the features of paranoid schizophrenia. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
318.
About 5% of Americans aged 12 or older report using meth at some point in their lives. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
319.
Page: 315
Research has revealed that using ecstasy does not have an enduring adverse effect on memory. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
323.
Page: 315
Ecstasy can produce adverse psychological effects, including depression, anxiety, insomnia, and even paranoia and psychosis. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
322.
Page: 315
Ecstasy, or MDMA, is a designer drug, a chemical knockoff similar in chemical structure to amphetamine. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
321.
Page: 315
The amphetamines are a class of natural, organic stimulants. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
320.
Page: 315
Page: 316
The original formula for Coca-Cola contained an extract of cocaine. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 316
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
662
324.
Next to marijuana, cocaine is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
325.
Unlike heroin, cocaine does not directly stimulate the brain’s reward or pleasure circuits. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
326.
Page: 317
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among U.S. women. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
330.
Page: 317
More women die of lung cancer than any other type of cancer, including breast cancer. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
329.
Page: 316
One in three adults worldwide smoke and more than three million die each year from smoking-related causes. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
328.
Page: 316
Repeated use and high-dose use of cocaine can lead to depression and anxiety. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
327.
Page: 316
Page: 317
Habitual use of nicotine does not lead to physiological dependence on the drug. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6
Page: 318
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
663
Skill: Factual 331.
Habitual use of nicotine does not lead to psychological dependence on the drug. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
332.
Mescaline is derived from the peyote cactus and has been used for centuries by Native Americans in religious ceremonies. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
333.
Page: 319
Among Americans in 12 grade, about 21% report having used marijuana during the past month. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
337.
Page: 318
A deliriant is a drug capable of producing states of spiritual awareness and enlightenment. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
336.
Page: 318
LSD “flashback” trips may occur days, weeks, or even years after using the drug. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
335.
Page: 318
LSD is a naturally hallucinogenic that is extracted from the Texas River Toad. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
334.
Page: 318
Page: 319
Many drugs of abuse produce pleasurable effects by increasing the availability of the neurotransmitter dopamine. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
Page: 321
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
664
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Factual 338.
Over time, regular use of drugs such as cocaine, alcohol, and heroin may boost the brain’s own production of dopamine. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 321 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Factual
339.
People who have a family history of substance use disorders stand a four to eight times greater chance of developing these disorders themselves. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 322 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Factual
340.
Monozygotic (MZ) twins share half of their genes, whereas fraternal or dizygotic (DZ) twins have identical genes. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 322 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Factual
341.
Cocaine interferes with the process of reuptake by which excess molecules of dopamine are reabsorbed by the transmitting neuron. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 323 Topic: A Closer Look: How Cocaine Affects the Brain Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Factual
342.
People who are better able to “hold their liquor” may be at greater risk of developing drinking problems. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 322 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Factual
343.
To the learning theorists, drug-related problems are not regarded as symptoms of disease but rather as problem habits. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 324 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
665
344.
Drug abuse may also provide social reinforcers, such as the approval of drug-abusing companions and, in the cases of alcohol and stimulants, the (temporary) overcoming of social shyness. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 324 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Factual
345.
According to the tension-reduction theory, the more often one drinks to reduce tension or anxiety, the stronger the habit becomes. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 324 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Factual
346.
The conditioning model of craving has not been supported by research because people with alcoholism do not tend to salivate more than others at the sight and smell of alcohol. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 325 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Factual
347.
People who suffer from alcoholism show distinctive changes in brain activity in areas of the brain that regulate emotion, attention, and appetitive behavior. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 325 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Factual
348.
Alcohol lowers self-efficacy expectancies. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 326 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Factual
349.
Church attendance is generally connected with abstinence from alcohol. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 327 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Factual
350.
In most cases, substance-dependent people really do not want to discontinue the substances they are abusing.
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666
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 327 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual 351.
Disulfiram prevents users from getting high if they subsequently take heroin. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 329 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual
352.
Many substance abusers have additional psychological disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 328 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual
353.
Research shows detoxification is just as safe carried out at home as it is in a hospital setting. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 329 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual
354.
Antidepressant medications have shown some promise in stemming cravings for nicotine in some users shortly after they discontinue the drug. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 329 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual
355.
Nicotine replacement has not been shown to reduce withdrawal symptoms for smokers trying to quit smoking. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 329 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual
356.
A widely used treatment for heroin addiction involves the substitution of another addictive drug. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 329 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
667
357.
Alcoholics Anonymous promotes controlled social drinking. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 332 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.12 Skill: Factual
358.
Alcoholics Anonymous is run by laypeople. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 331 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.12 Skill: Factual
359.
The success rate of Alcoholics Anonymous remains in question. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 332 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.12 Skill: Factual
360.
It has been demonstrated that most people recovering from alcoholism require hospitalization during the early stages of recovery. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 332 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.13 Skill: Factual
361.
Most inpatient programs use an extended 3-month detoxification period. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 332 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.13 Skill: Factual
362.
Psychoanalysts view alcohol and drug problems as symptoms of conflicts rooted in childhood experiences. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 333 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.14 Skill: Factual
363.
Contingency management (CM) programs provide reinforcements (rewards) contingent on performing desirable behaviors, such as producing drug-negative urine samples. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 333 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.15 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
668
Skill: Factual 364.
All in all, efforts to help people discontinue substance dependence and abuse have been highly successful. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 335 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.16 Skill: Factual
365.
Gambling is less popular than it has been in previous generations and rates for compulsive gambling have been decreasing slightly. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.17 Skill: Factual
366.
Compulsive gambling as a unique kind of chemical addiction. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.17 Skill: Factual
367.
Page: 338
About 4% to 10% of the general population will develop a gambling disorder at some point in their lives. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.17 Skill: Factual
370.
Page: 338
Mood-stabilizing medication has shown promise in the treatment of compulsive gambling. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.17 Skill: Factual
369.
Page: 338
One difference between nonchemical addictions and substance addictions is that nonchemical addictions do not have withdrawal symptoms. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.17 Skill: Factual
368.
Page: 337
Page: 338
Pathological gamblers often report that they experienced a big win, or a series of winnings, throughout their gambling careers. ANSWER: F Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
669
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.17 Skill: Factual
Page: 338
Essay Questions 371.
Define substance-induced disorders and substance-use disorders as defined by the DSM-5. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 298 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.1 Skill: Conceptual
372.
Briefly explain the circumstances associated with Internet addiction. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 302 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.2 Skill: Conceptual
373.
Distinguish between psychological and physiological dependence, and briefly explain each of the stages of drug dependence. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 304 Topic: Classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Learning Objective: 8.3 Skill: Conceptual
374.
Identify and explain the five factors that place an individual at risk for developing alcoholism or alcohol related problems. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
375.
Summarize the differences in the use of alcohol and health related factors as they apply to the ethnic background of the user. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
376.
Page: 310
Discuss the research on the health benefits of moderate drinking. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual
377.
Page: 309
Page: 312
Describe the two research discoveries from the 1970s that demonstrated that the brain produces chemicals Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
670
of its own that have opiate-like effects. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.5 Skill: Factual 378.
What is ecstasy? Describe the rise and fall in use patterns and the health risks associated with the use of this drug. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
379.
Page: 318
What was the initial use of PCP? Why was its use discontinued in medical settings and what are the effects of using this drug? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
384.
Page: 316
Describe flashbacks in the context of LSD use. How do psychological factors impact the experience of flashbacks? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.7 Skill: Factual
383.
Page: 316
Summarize findings on health and the use of tobacco and nicotine. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
382.
Page: 315
Describe the effects of cocaine and three methods of cocaine use. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
381.
Page: 315
Discuss the effects of ecstasy. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Drugs of Abuse Learning Objective: 8.6 Skill: Factual
380.
Page: 314
Page: 319
What is the role of neurotransmitters in terms of understanding addictive processes? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 321 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
671
Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Conceptual 385.
Summarize the research on addictions and addiction focusing on twin studies, the role of genetic vulnerabilities, and the impact of environment on these vulnerabilities. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 322 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Conceptual
386.
Discuss how cocaine impacts the brain. Focus on the role of neurotransmitters and action at the synapse level. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 323 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.8 Skill: Factual
387.
Discuss biological and behavioral approaches to explain cravings for substances. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 324 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 8.9 Skill: Conceptual
388.
Discuss the effectiveness and controversies associated with methadone maintenance programs. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 329 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.10 Skill: Factual
389.
How effective have nonprofessional support groups like AA been in helping clients remain chemical-free? What makes analysis of AA outcomes so difficult? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 331 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.12 Skill: Conceptual
390.
Summarize research findings on the effectiveness of residential approaches to treating substance use disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 332 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.13 Skill: Factual
391.
Explain the controversy related to treatment for alcoholism with controlled drinking. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 334 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.15 Skill: Conceptual
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672
392.
Discuss the need for, and methods of, relapse-prevention training. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 335 Topic: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Learning Objective: 8.16 Skill: Conceptual
393.
Discuss the similarities in experience and personality between chemically-dependent individuals and those with a gambling disorder. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Gambling Disorder Learning Objective: 8.17 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 338
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673
REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS EOC Q8.1 Accidental drug overdoses are the cause of accidental death in the United States, accounting for more than 27,000 deaths annually. a) b) c) d)
leading second leading fourth leading fifth leading
Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.1 Identify the major types of substance-related disorders in the DSM-5 and describe their key features. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOC Q8.2 A recent study of six European countries found that 2 hours daily on social networking sites. a) b) c) d)
of adolescents spent more than
10% 20% 40% 80%
Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.2 Describe nonchemical forms of addiction or compulsive behavior. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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674
EOC Q8.3 Amanda feels compelled to drink coffee every morning to help her cope with the stresses of daily life, but she does not require greater amounts of caffeine to feel its effect, and she does not experience distressing withdrawal symptoms when she does not have coffee. Amanda’s pattern of caffeine use is best described as a _ . a) b) c) d)
psychological dependence conditioned response physiological dependence tolerance effect
Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.3 Explain the difference between physiological dependence and psychological dependence. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q8.4 Eugene, age 13, drinks beer with his buddies on occasion. He has tried marijuana and sampled his friend’s Ritalin. Eugene is in what stage of Weiss and Mirin’s pathways to addiction? a) b) c) d)
exploratory experimentation routine use consistent use
Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.4 Identify common stages in the pathway to drug dependence. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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675
EOC Q8.5 Mothers who drink alcohol during pregnancy place their children at risk of ,a syndrome characterized by widely spaced eyes, mental retardation, and social skills deficits. a) b) c) d)
prenatal alcoholism fetal alcohol syndrome Down syndrome alcohol-induced amnesic disorder
Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.5 Describe the effects of depressants and the risks they pose. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q8.6 The use of amphetamines can induce hallucinations and delusions. a) b) c) d)
, a psychotic state characterized by
amphetamine psychosis amphetamine hysteria delirium tremors OCD
Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.6 Describe the effects of stimulants and the risks they pose. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q8.7 LSD is a synthetic a) b) c) d)
drug.
depressant hallucinogenic opiate stimulant
Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.7 Describe the effects of hallucinogens and the risks they pose. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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676
EOC Q8.8 With regular use of drugs such as cocaine, alcohol, and heroin, the brain may produce less , making the drug necessary to feel sensations of pleasure or satisfaction. a) b) c) d)
noradrenaline serotonin epinephrine dopamine
Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.8 Describe the biological perspective on substance use disorders and explain how cocaine affects the brain. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q8.9 Once a person becomes physiologically dependent on a drug, comes into play as the person seeks to avoid unpleasant withdrawal symptoms by continuing use. a) b) c) d)
positive reinforcement punishment social reinforcement negative reinforcement
Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe psychological perspectives on substance use disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q8.10 maintenance programs help blunt cravings for heroin and curb the unpleasant symptoms that accompany withdrawal. a) b) c) d)
Methadone Amphetamine Disulfiram Prednisone
Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.10 Identify biological treatments of substance use disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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677
EOC Q8.11 Sophia’s family is aware of her maladaptive behaviour regarding alcohol consumption. When the family confronts Sophia, they focus on the impact of her behavior on the family as a whole instead of the interests of Sophia individually. This cultural value associated with traditional Hispanic cultures is referred to as . a) b) c) d)
familism tradition individualism egocentrism
Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.11 Identify factors associated with culturally sensitive approaches to treatment. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q8.12 , a spin-off of Alcoholics Anonymous, is designed to provide support to children of parents who have alcoholism. a) b) c) d)
Alateen GA Al-Kids AAWS
Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.12 Identify a nonprofessional support group for people with substance use disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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678
EOC Q8.13 When substance abusers cannot exercise self-control in their environment, cannot tolerate withdrawal symptoms, or behave self-destructively or dangerously, which treatment approach is typically recommended? a) b) c) d)
family systems approaches intensive community-based behavioral approaches residential approaches imprisonment
Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.13 Identify two major types of residential treatment facilities for people with substance use disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q8.14 According to the psychodynamic perspective, alcohol and drug abuse can best be explained by . a) b) c) d)
conflicts rooted in childhood experiences a lack of self-efficacy an imbalance of neurotransmitters social pressures
Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.14 Describe the psychodynamic treatment of substances abusers. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Easy
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679
EOC Q8.15 Dakota is working to break the stimulus-response pattern of his alcohol abuse by removing drinking paraphernalia from his life, restricting his time in drinking environments, and frequenting alcohol-free environments. He is attempting to control the of the ABCs of self-control training. a) b) c) d)
consequences behaviors discriminative stimuli antecedent cues
Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.15 Identify behavioral approaches to substance use disorders. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q8.16 Antonio is in recovery from cocaine abuse. He has been working with a therapist to identify high-risk situations in his life and learn effective coping skills for handling these situations without turning to alcohol or drugs. Which of the following treatments is Antonio’s therapist using? a) b) c) d)
environmental-behavioral therapy negative emotion redirection therapy self-control training relapse-prevention training
Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.16 Describe relapse-prevention training. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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680
EOC Q8.17 Gambling disorder, especially in more severe cases, often co-occurs with a) b) c) d)
.
bipolar disorder schizophrenia anxiety disorder phobias
Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.17 Describe the key features of gambling disorder. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q8.18 Which of the following categories of drugs has shown some success in the treatment of compulsive gambling? a) b) c) d)
antidepressants and mood stabilizers antidepressants and antipsychotics antidepressants and antianxiety agents antidepressants and barbiturates
Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.18 Describe ways of treating gambling disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q8.1.1 As a result of drinking for many years, Suzanne has reached a state of physical habituation, or , so that she needs more and more alcohol to reach a level of intoxication. a) b) c) d)
tolerance customization withdrawal alcohol sensitization
Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.1 Identify the major types of substance-related disorders in the DSM-5 and describe their key features. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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681
EOM Q8.1.2 The DSM-5 classifies substance-related disorders into two main categories: substance use disorders and _ disorders. a) b) c) d)
substance-induced substance abuse intoxication substance dependence
Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.1 Identify the major types of substance-related disorders in the DSM-5 and describe their key features. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q8.1.3 Although not an officially recognized diagnosis, researchers have identified several potential signs of maladaptive use of the Internet. The statement “When I’m feeling down or anxious, I go online to try to snap out of it” is an example of which of the following signs of maladaptive internet use? a) b) c) d)
mood regulation salience negative outcomes social comfort
Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.2 Describe nonchemical forms of addiction or compulsive behavior. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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682
EOM Q8.1.4 occurs when a person’s body has changed because of regular drug use such that the person has developed tolerance to the drug or withdrawal syndrome when cutting back or eliminating the drug. a) b) c) d)
Reversible addiction Psychological dependence Irreversible addiction Physiological dependence
Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.3 Explain the difference between physiological dependence and psychological dependence. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q8.1.5 The first step in the common pathway to substance dependence described in your text is . a) b) c) d)
denial experimentation addiction routine use
Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.4 Identify common stages in the pathway to drug dependence. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Easy
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683
EOM Q8.2.1 Based on statistics associated with risk factors, which of the following people is at the greatest risk for developing alcoholism? a) b) c) d)
Charles, a 22-year-old college student with antisocial personality disorder and a father who suffers from alcoholism Marcus, a 45-year-old with a high-school education and a minimum wage job Samantha, a 21-year-old African American college student with an anxiety disorder Maria, a 58-year-old Native American with a master’s degree
Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.5 Describe the effects of depressants and the risks they pose. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q8.2.2 can be used medically to decrease anxiety and tension, dull pain, and to treat epilepsy and high blood pressure, but usage can quickly lead to psychological and physiological dependence. a) b) c) d)
Narcotics Barbiturates Opioids Stimulants
Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.5 Describe the effects of depressants and the risks they pose. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
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684
EOM Q8.2.3 involves taking cocaine in powder form and heating it with ether, thus freeing the psychoactive chemical base of the drug. The drug is then smoked. a) b) c) d)
Rolling Huffing Freebasing Snorting
Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.6 Describe the effects of stimulants and the risks they pose. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q8.2.4 Amphetamines, drugs that activate the central nervous system and produce heightened states of arousal and a state of euphoria, are classified as . a) b) c) d)
hallucinogens depressants stimulants downers
Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.6 Describe the effects of stimulants and the risks they pose. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q8.2.5 Marijuana, a naturally occurring hallucinogen, is derived from the a) b) c) d)
plant.
poppy cannabis sativa calluna vulgaris cocoa
Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.7 Describe the effects of hallucinogens and the risks they pose. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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685
EOM Q8.3.1 Studies investigating the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in cases of substance dependence among young people found that can reduce the influence of heightened genetic risk. a) b) c) d)
intelligence levels highly supportive parenting a healthy BMI money
Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.8 Describe the biological perspective on substance use disorders and explain how cocaine affects the brain. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q8.3.2 Environmental factors and peer pressure play a more important role in explaining the initiation of drug use in early adolescence, whereas play an increasing role in explaining continuation of drug use through adulthood. a) b) c) d)
education levels birth order theories genetic factors economic factors
Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.8 Describe the biological perspective on substance use disorders and explain how cocaine affects the brain. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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686
EOM Q8.3.3 According to traditional psychodynamic theory, alcohol addiction reflects a(n) personality. a) b) c) d)
oral-dependent anal-dependent phallic-dependent latent-dependent
Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe psychological perspectives on substance use disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q8.3.4 Every time Stephan walks by a liquor store or smells the aroma of whiskey, he feels an intense craving for drinking. This is consistent with the model in understanding drug cravings. a) b) c) d)
psychodynamic observational conditioning cognitive
Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe psychological perspectives on substance use disorders. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q8.3.5 The treatment for alcoholism that involves providing a person with drinking-related cues and then preventing him from imbibing in an attempt to weaken the stimulus pairing is called . a) b) c) d)
operant conditioning cue exposure training observational training stimulus training
Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.9 Describe psychological perspectives on substance use disorders. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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687
EOM Q8.4.1 Jared has been hospitalized for treatment of his addiction to alcohol. During , medical personnel will monitor and treat alcohol withdrawal symptoms, such as convulsions. Antianxiety drugs such as benzodiazepines may be used to ease the withdrawal symptoms. a) b) c) d)
withdrawal coaching a methadone program therapeutic isolation detoxification
Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.10 Identify biological treatments of substance use disorders. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q8.4.2 The use of a substance abuse counselor from the client’s own ethnic group is an example of a(n) . a) b) c) d)
empirically supported treatment nonprofessional support technique culturally sensitive treatment approach residential treatment approach
Answer: c Learning Objective: 8.11 Identify factors associated with culturally sensitive approaches to treatment. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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688
EOM Q8.4.3 The most widely used nonprofessional program is Alcoholics Anonymous, and its approach is part spiritual, part group support, and part . a) b) c) d)
psychoanalytic genetic humanistic cognitive
Answer: d Learning Objective: 8.12 Identify a nonprofessional support group for people with substance use disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q8.4.4 A program that provides reinforcements or rewards that are contingent on performing behaviors leading to the control over problematic drug behavior is called a(n) program. a) b) c) d)
aversive conditioning contingency management abstinence-based conditioning
Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.15 Identify behavioral approaches to substance use disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q8.4.5 Investigators who studied a group of 1,000 individuals from Canada with alcohol abuse or dependence disorders found that about had received some kind of treatment for their disorder. a) b) c) d)
15% 33% 60% 85%
Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.16 Describe relapse-prevention training. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate
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689
EOM Q8.5.1 Josh is a compulsive gambler who consistently makes the cognitive error referred to as the illusion of control bias. Josh believes that he has _ than is actually the case. a) b) c) d)
greater control over gambling outcomes a superior understanding of statistics greater self-control greater control over other people
Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.17 Describe the key features of gambling disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q8.5.2 Estimates are that from at some point in their life. a) b) c) d)
of the general population will develop a gambling disorder
about 0.1% 0.4% to 1.0% 5.0% to 10.0% 11.5% to 13.0%
Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.17 Describe the key features of gambling disorder. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q8.5.3 Compulsive gamblers and alcohol-dependent patients share similar deficits on neuropsychological tests, suggestive of brain dysfunctions in the . a) b) c) d)
limbic system prefrontal cortex amygdala hippocampus
Answer: b Learning Objective: 8.17 Describe the key features of gambling disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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690
EOM Q8.5.4 Gamblers Anonymous, a treatment program emphasizing personal responsibility for one’s behavior and sharing of experiences, is modeled after . a) b) c) d)
Alcoholics Anonymous residential therapeutic communities aversive conditioning strategies contingency management programs
Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.18 Describe ways of treating gambling disorder. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q8.5.5 treatment programs focus on correcting biases that gamblers hold, such as the belief that after a series of particular betting outcomes, the alternative outcomes become more likely. a) b) c) d)
Cognitive-behavioral Operant conditioning Psychodynamic Humanistic
Answer: a Learning Objective: 8.18 Describe ways of treating gambling disorder. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
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691
Total Assessment Guide Topic Learning Objective 9.1
Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 9.2
Essay Multiple Choice True-False
Learning Objective 9.3
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 9.4
Learning Objective 9.5
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 9.6
Learning Objective 9.7
Learning Objective 9.8
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Factual 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189 246 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195
Conceptual
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206 247 65, 66, 67
53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 63
207, 208, 209, 210 249 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 89, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224 250, 251, 252 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 225 253 117, 118, 119
Applied 1, 13, 15, 16, 25, 26, 32
34, 35
248 64
86, 87, 88
90, 91, 92, 102
116
106
226 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130 227, 228
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692
Topic
Factual
Learning Objective 9.9
Learning Objective 9.10
Learning Objective 9.11
Essay Multiple Choice
Learning Objective 9.12
131, 132, 135, 136
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
229, 230
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
231
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Essay
Conceptual
Applied 133, 134
137, 138, 139, 140
141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159 232, 233, 234, 235, 236 254 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 174 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245 255
146
173
172
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693
9 Eating Disorders and Sleep-Wake Disorders Multiple-Choice Questions 1.
Which person is most likely to develop an eating disorder? a. A 28-year-old female corporate attorney b. A 16-year-old high school male cheerleader c. An 18-year-old female who just entered college d. A 21-year-old male member of a heavy metal band ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Applied
2.
An eating disorder characterized by abnormally low weight and an intense fear of gaining weight is . a. binge-eating disorder c. anorexia nervosa b. identity disorder d. bulimia nervosa ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders (Table 9.1) Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
3. a. b.
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An eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating followed by self-induced purging is binge-eating disorder c. anorexia nervosa identity disorder d. bulimia nervosa
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders (Table 9.1) Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual 4.
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Page: 347
A(n) is a psychological disorder characterized by disturbed patterns of eating and maladaptive ways of controlling weight. a. addiction c. amenorrhea b. eating disorder d. hypermenorrhea ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 346
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694
.
5.
Eating disorders are often accompanied by the following disorders EXCEPT a. schizophrenia c. anxiety disorders b. depression d. substance abuse disorders ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
6.
There are a. two b. four
major types of eating disorders. c. six d. eight
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual 7. a. b.
a. b.
About a. 1 b. 5
a. b.
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percent of females in the United States develop anorexia nervosa. c. 10 d. 20
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual 10.
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Which of the following people is most likely to develop bulimia nervosa? An adolescent male c. An adult male An adolescent female d. An adult female
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual 9.
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Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa usually begin in . childhood c. young adulthood adolescence d. middle adulthood
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual 8.
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Between .1 and .3 .9 and 1.5
Page: 346
percent of females in the United States develop bulimia nervosa. c. 5 and 10 d. 10 and 15
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
Page: 346
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695
.
Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual 11. a. b.
About 1 3
in 1,000 males in the United States develop anorexia nervosa. c. 5 d. 7
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual 12.
Anorexia nervosa is among men than women. a. less; less b. less; more ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
13.
common among men than women. Bulimia nervosa is c. d.
common
more; less more; more
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Felicia has an intense fear of being overweight. She also has a distorted body image in which she sees herself as “fat” despite the fact that her physician says she underweight for her height, age, and bone structure. She exercises excessively and still diets despite being 15 pounds lighter than her original dieting goal. She is suffering from . a. amenorrhea c. anorexia nervosa b. bulimia nervosa d. cytomegalovirus ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Applied
14. a. b.
Page: 347
Fear of gaining weight and a distorted self-image are characteristic of anorexia nervosa c. binge-eating disorder bulimia nervosa d. binge-purge disorder
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual 15.
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Page: 347
In the case of anorexia nervosa in the text, Karen spent hours a day a. speaking on the cell phone to her therapist in another city b. preparing gourmet meals for her family c. thinking about cutting her arm d. trying to figure out ways to attract a certain guy ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
.
.
Page: 347
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696
Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Applied 16.
In the case of anorexia nervosa in the text, Karen wore . a. gaudy earrings and hats to distract people from looking at her figure b. skimpy outfits to show off her slimness c. padded bras to compensate for her small breasts d. baggy clothes to hide her body ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Applied
17. a. b.
Anorexia nervosa develops most commonly between the ages of 6 and 12 c. 18 and 24 12 and 18 d. 24 and 30
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual 18.
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Page: 348
Which activity has been associated with higher rates of anorexia among its participants for developing anorexia nervosa? a. Attending college c. Instrumental music b. Modeling d. Singing ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
20.
.
A frequent observation is that girls with anorexia nervosa use in addition to dieting to control their weights. a. excessive exercise c. meals rich with fruit and vegetables b. amphetamines d. positive imagery of their ideal figures ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
19.
Page: 347
Page: 348
The decreased food consumption noted with anorexia can lead to a. overproductive oil glands and acne b. increased thirst c. obstruction or paralysis of the bowels or intestines d. testosterone increases in females resulting in facial hair growth. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1
.
Page: 349
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697
Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual 21.
Which of the following is true regarding anorexia nervosa? a. Young girls with anorexia nervosa starve themselves in an attempt to look more masculine. b. Women with anorexia nervosa have little difficulty adjusting to college life and living independently. c. People with anorexia nervosa see themselves as “too fat” despite having dangerously low body weight. d. People with anorexia nervosa eat very little because they have lost their appetite for food. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
22.
The rate of suicide attempts in young women with anorexia nervosa is the general population. a. about the same as b. much lower than c. much higher than d. difficult to determine when compared to ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
23. a. b.
24. a. b.
There are two four
that of young women in
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Binge-eating/purging type and restrictive type are two classifications of bulimia nervosa c. binge-eating disorder anorexia nervosa d. binge-purge disorder
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
.
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general subtypes of anorexia nervosa. c. six d. eight
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual 25.
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Page: 348
Annette suffers from recurrent episodes of gorging on large quantities of food followed by purging through self-induced vomiting in order to prevent gaining weight. Although her weight is well below normal to the point that others see her as “skin and bones,” she worries excessively about being fat. She also has impulse control problems in other areas of her life. She is suffering from . a. binge-eating/purging anorexia c. bulimia nervosa Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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b.
restrictive anorexia
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Applied 26.
d.
binge-eating disorder
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Lois has an intense fear of being overweight. Although she talks a lot about food, she hardly eats at all. She also has a distorted body image in which she sees herself as "fat" despite the fact that her physician says she is 20% underweight for her height, age, and bone structure. She exercises excessively and still rigidly and obsessively diets despite being 15 pounds lighter than her original dieting goal. She is suffering from . a. binge-eating/purging anorexia nervosa c. bulimia nervosa b. restrictive anorexia nervosa d. binge-eating disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Applied
27.
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Which of the following characteristics are noted in people with the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa? a. A consistently cautious, conservative lifestyle b. Careful control of eating c. Obsessively controlled appearance d. Substance abuse and/or stealing ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
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28. People with anorexia nervosa may lose as much as a. 25 c. 45 b. 35 d. 55 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual 29. a. b.
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The absence or suppression of menstruation is called . dysmenorrhea c. hypermenorrhea hypomenorrhea d. amenorrhea
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual 30.
percent of their original weight.
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All of the following are medical complications that can result from anorexia nervosa EXCEPT Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
699
.
a. b.
osteoporosis high blood pressure
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual 31. a. b.
33. a. b.
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Bous, the Greek word which is the root for bulimia, means _ hunger c. gigantic ox d. nerves
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.2 Skill: Factual
.
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Diane suffers from recurrent episodes of gorging on large quantities of food followed by purging through self-induced vomiting in order to prevent gaining weight. Although her weight is normal, and her ideal weight is relatively normal, she worries excessively about looking or becoming fat. She is suffering from . a. amenorrhea c. bulimia nervosa b. anorexia nervosa d. cytomegalovirus ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.2 Skill: Applied
35.
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You meet a slender girl with a yellow hue to her rather dry, cracking skin; she has fine, downy hair. With this appearance, you suspect that she may have . a. anorexia nervosa c. binge eating disorder b. bulimia nervosa d. ulcers ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Applied
34.
amenorrhea heart irregularities
Amenorrhea refers to the , which is a symptom of anorexia. absence or suppression of menstruation c. fine, downy hair yellow coloring d. brittle bones
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual 32.
c. d.
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Hayley suffers from recurrent episodes of gorging on large quantities of food followed by purging through self-induced vomiting in order to prevent gaining weight. Although her weight is normal, and her ideal weight is relatively normal, she worries excessively about looking or becoming fat. She is Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
700
a. b.
suffering from . binge-eating/purging anorexia restrictive anorexia
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.2 Skill: Applied 36. a. b.
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Which of the following is one of the DSM diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa? a. Emphasis on a healthy appearing body. b. Regular purging by means of laxatives, fasting, self-induced vomiting, or strenuous exercise. c. In females, the absence of three or more consecutive menstrual periods. d. Nonchalance about weight and body appearance. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.2 Skill: Factual
38. a. b. c. d.
39. a. b.
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The available evidence shows . poor women are most likely to develop eating disorders middle-class women are most likely to develop eating disorders upper-class women are most likely to develop eating disorders no strong linkage between socioeconomic status and eating disorders
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.2 Skill: Factual
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Which of the following is a medical complication related to bulimia nervosa? Diabetes c. Damage to vision Disturbed menstrual function d. Increased sensitivity to vomit
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.2 Skill: Factual 40.
bulimia nervosa binge-eating disorder
The average age of onset for bulimia nervosa is the . childhood to preteens c. late adolescence to early adulthood early to mid-teens d. early adulthood to mid-adulthood.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3):2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.2 Skill: Factual 37.
c. d.
The available evidence shows a. a strong relationship
Page: 350
between socioeconomic status and eating disorders.
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
701
b. c. d.
no strong linkage inconclusive evidence that when ethnicity is also considered, there is a strong relationship
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.2 Skill: Factual 41.
A person with bulimia nervosa who repeatedly vomits or abuses laxatives and diuretics puts themselves at risk for . a. diabetes c. cancer b. sudden death d. ulcers ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.2 Skill: Factual
42.
.
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Probably the most important factors in the development of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are . a. genetic factors that predispose many women to these disorders b. social pressures and expectancies placed on young women to base their self-worth on their appearance c. personal efforts to overcome real problems with eating too much and getting fat d. improperly learned eating behaviors during infancy and early childhood ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual
44.
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Repeated vomiting or abuse of laxatives can lead to a. excessive iron in the blood b. a potassium deficiency c. acne d. vitamin B deficiency ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.2 Skill: Factual
43.
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Among college women, 1 in bar. a. 3 b. 5 ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3
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were found to feel embarrassed when buying a single chocolate c. d.
7 9
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Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
702
Skill: Factual 45. Girls as young as a. 8 b. 10
express more dissatisfaction with their bodies than do boys. c. 11 d. 12
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual 46.
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A standard measure of overweight and obesity that takes both body weight and height into account is the . a. WAIS c. WISC b. BMI d. BMW ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual
47. a. b.
The BMI takes only weight only weight and age
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual 48.
into account. c. d.
weight and height weight and lifestyle
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out of five young women in the United States have gone on a diet by the time they reach their 18th birthdays. a. One c. Three b. Two d. Four ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual
49.
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A study of the mass body index of between 1920 and 1990 shows a clear trend towards the idealization of thinness in women. a. winners of the Oscar for best actress b. winners of the Olympic gold medal in diving c. first ladies of the United States d. Miss America pageant winners ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 351
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703
50. a. b.
Women with bulimia tend to be shy and have few close friends shy but have several close friends
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual 51. a. b.
outgoing, but have few close friends outgoing and have many close friends
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.
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Which of the following statements is true regarding women with bulimia nervosa? a. They have flexible attitudes. b. They never dieted prior to the onset of bulimia. c. They have “black and white” thinking. d. They were of normal weight prior to developing bulimia. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual
53. a. b.
54. a. b.
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Purging is because it produces relief from anxiety over gaining weight. classically conditioned c. modeled positively reinforced d. negatively reinforced
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Conceptual
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Women with bulimia nervosa tend to be both perfectionistic and moderate c. conservative dichotomous d. liberal
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Conceptual 55.
c. d.
Women with bulimia nervosa are more likely than other women to have experienced date or acquaintance rape c. abrupt weaning from the breast or bottle sexual harassment d. childhood sexual or physical abuse
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual 52.
.
in their thinking patterns.
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Psychodynamic theorists view anorexia nervosa as . a. a type of weight phobia b. the result of the daughter's faulty identification with her mother Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
704
c. d.
an unconscious effort to remain a prepubescent child a method of punishing overprotective, smothering parents
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Conceptual 56.
Families of young women with eating disorders tend to be supportive and nurturing and overprotective than those of young women without eating disorders. a. less, less c. more, less b. less, more d. more, more ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Conceptual
57.
The text refers to an article, “ societal causes of eating disorders. a. Princess Diana b. Mary Kate Olson ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual
59. a. b.
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and Fat as a Feminist Issue,” in discussing a controversy about c. Barbie d. Britney Spears
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The Barbie doll was designed to fit an idealized fantasy of the female form. childhood c. 16th century feminine d. male
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual 60.
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Systems theorists view anorexia nervosa as . a. a type of weight phobia b. an effort to remain a prepubescent child c. a method used by the anorexic for diverting family attention away from marital tensions and family conflict onto themselves d. a method for punishing over-demanding, manipulative parents ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Conceptual
58.
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Interest in the biological underpinnings of eating disorders, especially bulimia nervosa, has largely focused on the role of the neurotransmitter . Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
705
a. b.
serotonin dopamine
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual 61. a. b.
Prozac and Zoloft appear to decrease binge-eating increase binge-eating
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual 62.
episodes in patients with bulimia nervosa. c. decrease purging d. increase purging
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for a
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Emily is a college freshman with anorexia nervosa whose weight has been dropping to dangerous, even life-threatening levels. The treatment that Emily needs is _ . a. cognitive behavioral c. interpersonal therapy b. behavioral d. hospitalization ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.4 Skill: Applied
65.
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The diathesis stress model views eating disorders as primarily . a. a type of weight phobia b. an effort to remain a prepubescent child c. genetically inherited tendencies that interact with family and social pressures d. a method of punishing parents for feelings of loneliness and alienation they experience in the home ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Conceptual
64.
epinephrine acetylcholine
Studies of twins have found for a genetic component to anorexia nervosa and genetic component to bulimia nervosa. a. no evidence, no evidence c. evidence, no support b. support, no evidence d. evidence, evidence ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual
63.
c. d.
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The specific behavioral techniques widely used for successfully reducing episodes of self-induced vomiting in cases of bulimia nervosa are . Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
706
a. b. c. d.
exposure with response prevention chain-breaking and response cost negative reinforcement and cue-controlled relaxation systematic desensitization and response cost
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.4 Skill: Factual 66.
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therapy is an alternative for treating bulimia when cognitive-behavioral treatment fails. a. Psychoanalytic c. Behavioral b. Interpersonal d. Person-centered ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.4 Skill: Factual
67.
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Antidepressant drugs such as Prozac have shown results in treating bulimia nervosa and results in treating anorexia nervosa a. effective; effective c. mixed; effective b. effective; mixed d. mixed; mixed ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.4 Skill: Factual
68. a. b.
Obesity is classified as a medical condition psychological disorder
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. c. d.
sociocultural disorder developmental disorder
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 359 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 69. a. b.
Obesity puts individuals at risk for which of the following? Some forms of cancer c. Liver disease Alzheimer’s Disease d. Grave’s Disease
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 360 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 70. About a. 10 b. 13
percent of American adults are clinically obese. c. 23 d. 33
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707
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 360 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 71. a. b.
About one-third one-half
of Americans are overweight. c. two-thirds d. three-fourths
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 360 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 72. a. b.
One in two three
American children and teens are either overweight or obese. c. five d. seven
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 360 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 73. Obesity accounts for an estimated a. 160,000 b. 260,000
excess deaths in the United States each year. c. 360,000 d. 560,000
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3):3 Page: 360 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 74. Experts estimate that obesity decreases a person life span by a. 2-3 c. 10-12 b. 6-7 d. 16-18
years.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 360 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 75.
Investigators suspect over the past 20 years is more to blame for America’s expanding waistline than consuming more calories. a. increase ingestion of animal hormones c. more televisions and computers b. misinformation about diet d. reduced physical activity ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
708
76.
According to the text, the key to preventing obesity is a. avoiding carbohydrates b. matching energy expenditure with caloric intake c. keeping a daily weight chart d. avoiding fast food restaurants
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 360 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 77.
As dieters lose large amounts of weight and attempt to keep it off, their bodies a. stop burning calories b. burn fewer calories than their pre-diet rate c. continue to burn calories at their pre-diet rate d. burn more calories than their pre-diet rate
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 360 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 78. a. b.
When you lose weight beyond a genetically determined set point, your body responds by slowing down your metabolism c. increasing your metabolism stabilizing your metabolism d. causing your metabolism to fluctuate
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 360 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 79. a. b.
The slowing of metabolism associated with dieting could be offset by using diet pills as a supplement c. a vigorous exercise program periodic indulgences of desserts d. multivitamins
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 80. a. b.
Fat cells are . corpulent cells excess epidermal cells
c. d.
adipose tissue striated tissue
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 81.
Adipose tissue is comprised of cells that
.
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709
.
a. b.
burn fructose attack infectious agents
c. d.
support the skeletal structure store fat
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 82. a. b.
The brain structure that signals when we are hungry is the _ pituitary gland c. hippocampus thalamus d. hypothalamus
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 83.
Which of the following is true about obesity? a. Obese people have about the same amount of adipose tissue than normal weight people. b. People with higher levels of adipose tissue feel hungry sooner than other people, even with similar levels of food intake. c. Adipose tissue metabolizes food more rapidly than muscle tissue. d. Dieting eliminates large numbers of fat cells. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
84. A “big gulp” 64-ounce non-diet soft drink contains a. 400 c. 700 b. 550 d. 800
calories.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 85.
After Santa Claus, the character recognized by most children is a. Barbie c. The Rock b. Ronald McDonald d. Big Bird
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 86. a. b.
According to psychodynamic theory, obese people are fixated in the oral c. phallic anal d. genital
stage.
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710
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Conceptual 87.
Psychodynamic theorists would expect orally fixated people to have specific conflicts concerning . a. endurance c. achievement b. dreams d. independence ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3):2 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Conceptual
88. a. b.
Overeating in orally fixated people would likely be triggered by reminders of the Oedipus complex c. stress sexual intercourse d. nightmares
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Conceptual 89. a. b.
Obesity is highest among people of low middle
c. d.
socioeconomic status. upper middle upper
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 90.
Albert weighs about forty percent more than his ideal body weight. He is most likely to be in which socioeconomic group? a. upper class c. lower-middle class b. upper-middle class d. lower class ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Applied
91. a. b.
Which of the following people is at highest risk of being obese? A wealthy African American male c. A poor non-Hispanic White male A poor Native American female d. A wealthy Hispanic female
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
711
Skill: Applied 92. a. b.
Which of the following people is at lowest risk of being obese? A poor African American male c. A wealthy non-Hispanic White male A poor Native American female d. A wealthy Hispanic female
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Applied 93.
Which of the following statements is true? a. Poorer people turn to religion to cope with the stress of living in the inner city. b. Poorer people exercise more regularly than more affluent people because they must walk everywhere they go. c. Poorer people have more access to information regarding health care but choose not to read it. d. Poorer people have less access to health care. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
94. a. b. c. d.
What is the prevalence of obesity in Japanese American men compared to men living in Japan? Equal Two to three times higher in Japanese Americans Two to three times higher in men living in Japan Only 1.5 times higher in men living in Japan if sumo wrestlers are excluded
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 362 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 95.
Which of the following groups of women show the lowest rates of obesity? a. Non-Hispanic White women b. African American women c. Hispanic American women d. There are no differences in rates of obesity among non-Hispanic White women, African American women, and Hispanic-American women. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
96.
Which of the following groups of women show the highest rates of obesity? a. non-Hispanic White women b. African American women c. Hispanic American women d. There are no differences in rates of obesity among non-Hispanic White women, African American women, and Hispanic-American women. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
712
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 97. What is the percentage of people who regain weight they lose after dieting?a. 40 c. 70 b. 50 d. 90 ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 361 Topic: A Closer Look: Obesity: A National Epidemic Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 98.
The therapeutic approach MOST supported by research in treating binge-eating disorder is therapy. a. traditional psychoanalysis c. cognitive-behavioral b. family-ecological d. sociocultural ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
99. a. b.
People who have recurrent eating binges but do not purge most likely have anorexia nervosa c. binge-eating disorder bulimia nervosa d. binge-purge eating disorder
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 100. a. b. c. d.
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A person who has a binge-eating disorder may demonstrate which of the following? A history of unsuccessful attempts at losing weight A history of childhood sexual abuse Evidence of binge-eating once a month A history of laxative abuse
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 101. a. b.
.
Binge-eating disorder is closely related to being severely underweight c. a history of binging and purging d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders
Page: 359
. obesity and severe obesity hypochondriasis
Page: 359
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713
Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 102.
Phyllis is 28 years old. She is obese and describes herself as a “compulsive overeater.” She has a history of depression and unsuccessful attempts at weight loss. While she has repeated episodes of binge eating, she does not purge herself of the excess food afterwards. Her symptoms sound most typical of someone with . a. binge-eating/purging anorexia c. bulimia nervosa b. restrictive anorexia d. binge-eating disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Applied
103. a. b.
People with anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa
are described as compulsive overeaters. c. binge-eating disorder d. binge-purging disorder
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 104. a. b.
Cognitive-behavioral techniques and antidepressants psychodynamic therapy
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 105.
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c. d.
have been successful in treating binge-eating disorder. humanistic therapy family therapy
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The DSM-5 uses use the term sleep-wake disorders instead of the earlier DSM diagnostic term, sleep disorders, in order to underscore . a. that sleep problems affect daytime alertness and functioning b. the problems identified in this classification occur during sleep or at the threshold between sleep and wakefulness c. the need to understand the balance of circadian rhythms d. how important good sleep is to psychological adjustment ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.6 Skill: Factual
106.
Page: 358
Page: 364
Andy went to a sleep center where he spent the night wired to devices that tracked his physiological (brain waves, heart, and respiration rates) responses while he slept. The assessment Andy underwent is called a . a. polysomnographic (PSG) recording b. an electroencephalocardiogram sleep study c. a sleep stress assessment Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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d.
a delta wave assessment
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.6 Skill: Applied 107. a. b.
Polysomnographic recording is used to help diagnose . eating disorders c. sleep disorders asthma d. cardiovascular disorders
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.6 Skill: Factual 108. a. b.
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Sleep problems have a major economic impact, accounting for more than the nation’s workers. a. 100 million b. 100,000 c. 250 million d. 500 million ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.6 Skill: Factual
110. a. b.
sick days among
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People with have difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep, or achieving restorative sleep. insomnia disorder c. cataplexy narcolepsy d. primary hypersomnia
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.6 Skill: Factual 111.
Page: 364
Which of the following is a physiological response measure by a polysomnographic recording? Blood sugar levels c. Galvanic skin response Stomach acid production d. Eye movements
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.6 Skill: Factual 109.
Page: 364
Page: 364
A sleep disorder characterized by chronic or persistent insomnia, not caused by another psychological or physical disorder or by the effects of drugs or medication, is . a. primary hypersomnia c. insomnia disorder b. circadian-rhythm sleep disorder d. cataplexy
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ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.6 Skill: Factual 112.
Page: 364
In terms of types of sleep problems, older people are more likely to complain of younger people complain more about . a. waking frequently during the night; taking too long to get to sleep b. taking too long to get to sleep; waking frequently during the night c. aches and pains while they sleep; having too much wakeful energy at bedtime d. needing to go to the bathroom during the night; sleeping too long and too soundly ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.6 Skill: Factual
113. a. b.
a. b.
Insomnia disorder primarily affects children adolescents
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.6 Skill: Factual 115.
Page: 365
The most commonly occurring sleep disorder is . hypersomnia c. narcolepsy sleep apnea d. insomnia disorder
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.6 Skill: Factual 114.
while
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. c. d.
young adults people over 40
Page: 365
Insomnia disorder applies to cases of . a. sporadic or occasional insomnia that last for no more than a few days at a time b. sporadic cases of occasional insomnia that recurs every few months c. persistent insomnia that can be accounted for by other psychological or physical disorders, or the effects of medicine d. persistent insomnia that cannot be accounted for by other psychological or physical disorders, or the effects of medicine ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.6 Skill: Factual
116. a. b.
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The development of chronic insomnia is best explained by principles of social learning c. operant conditioning classical conditioning d. psychodynamic theory
.
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ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.6 Skill: Conceptual 117.
Page: 365
A pattern of excessive sleepiness during the day that continues for a period of a month or longer is called . a. sleep apnea c. cataplexy b. narcolepsy d. hypersomnolence disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Learning Objective: 9.7 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Skill: Factual
118. a. b.
"Sleep drunkenness" refers to primary insomnia narcolepsy
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 366
. c. d.
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119. Hypersomnolence disorder afflicts between 1–2% c. b. 2–4% d. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.7 Skill: Factual 120.
sleepwalking disorder hypersomnolence disorder
of the population.a. 5–10% 15–20%
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A disorder in which people suddenly fall asleep without warning at various times during the day is called . a. primary hypersomnia c. cataplexy b. apnea d. narcolepsy ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.8 Skill: Factual
121. a. b.
People typically sleep about 2 to 3 minutes 15 minutes
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders
Page: 366
during a narcolepsy attack. c. 2 to 3 hours d. 6 to 8 hours
Page: 366
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 9.8 Skill: Factual 122. a. b.
Narcolepsy is diagnosed when attacks occur for a period of 3 months c. 9 months 6 months d. 12 months
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.8 Skill: Factual 123. a. b.
Page: 366
People with narcolepsy go immediately into sleep during a narcoleptic attack. stage 1 c. stage 4 stage 2 d. REM sleep
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.8 Skill: Factual 124. a. b.
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Cataplexy is a key feature of primary hypersomnia primary insomnia
. c. d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.8 Skill: Factual 125. Cataplexy typically follows _ a. periods of prolonged sleep b. strong emotional reactions ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.8 Skill: Factual 126. a. b.
a. b.
narcolepsy apnea
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. c. d.
periods of intense concentration periods of deep relaxation
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A disorder involving a sudden loss of muscular control is called sleep paralysis c. cataplexy sleep apnea d. primary hypersomnia
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.8 Skill: Factual 127.
or longer.
.
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People afflicted with narcolepsy often experience which of the following? High blood pressure c. Sleep paralysis Obstructive sleep apnea d. Auditory hallucinations Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.8 Skill: Factual 128. Narcolepsy affects about a. 1 b. 2 ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.8 Skill: Factual 129. a. b. c. d.
out of 2,000 people in the general population. c. 16 d. 32
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Narcolepsy affects . men and women equally men more than women women more than men young men and older women more than older men and younger women
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.8 Skill: Factual 130.
Page: 367
Page: 367
Which of the following is true of narcolepsy? a. Narcoleptic attacks are preceded by an aura. b. Narcoleptics typically have a history of asthma or panic disorder. c. Household accidents resulting from falls are common in people who have narcolepsy. d. Narcolepsy is related to a lack of adequate sleep during the night. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.8 Skill: Factual
131. a. b.
The common type of breathing-related sleep disorder is . narcolepsy c. primary hypersomnia obstructive sleep apnea d. sleep paralysis
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.9 Skill: Factual 132. a. b.
Page: 367
Page: 368
A disorder involving complete or partial obstruction of breathing during sleep is narcolepsy c. obstructive sleep apnea cataplexy d. hypersomnia
ANSWER: C Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.9 Skill: Factual 133. a. b.
Which of the following people is MOST likely to have obstructive sleep apnea? A 25-year-old male c. A 45-year-old male A 25-year-old female d. A 45-year-old female
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.9 Skill: Applied 134. a. b.
a. b.
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Obstructive sleep apnea is NOT related to which of the following? Diabetes c. Hypertension Schizophrenia d. Depression
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.9 Skill: Factual 136.
Page: 368
Which of the following people is MOST likely to have obstructive sleep apnea? A normal weight male c. An obese male A normal weight female d. An obese female
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.9 Skill: Applied 135.
Page: 368
Page: 368
Which of the following is true of obstructive sleep apnea? a. Its occurrence increases as people age, up until around the age of 30 years. b. A sufferer may stop breathing several hundred times during the night without knowing it. c. It is more common in women than in men. d. Many of the sufferers had asthma during childhood. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.9 Skill: Factual
137. a. b.
A circadian rhythm lasts about 6 12
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.10 Skill: Factual
Page: 368
hours. c. 24 d. 48
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138. a. b.
A 24-hour rhythm is known as a(n) ultradian infradian
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.10 Skill: Factual 139.
140.
Page: 369
Page: 369
Which of the following is true of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder? a. It is synonymous with “jet lag.” b. It can lead to the development of hypertension. c. It can indirectly result from frequent changes in time zones and work shifts. d. It appears to have a genetic base. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.10 Skill: Factual
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Disorders involving abnormal behaviors or physiological events taking place during sleep or during the threshold between wakefulness and sleep are called . a. parasomnias c. endosomnias b. mesosomnias d. dyssomnias ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual
142. a. b.
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Which of the following is a parasomnia? Arousal disorder c. Sleep terrors Narcolepsy d. Delayed sleep phase preference
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual 143.
rhythm. circadian meridian
sleep-wake disorder involves a mismatch between the sleep schedule demands of the person's environment and the person's internal sleep-wake cycle. a. Circadian rhythm c. Narcoleptic b. Obstructive apnea d. Night terrors ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.10 Skill: Factual
141.
c. d.
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Intense episodes, usually among children, of sitting up during deep sleep, appearing frightened, Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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showing signs of extreme arousal, talking, thrashing wildly, but remaining asleep, and remembering nothing of the episode the next morning are typical of . a. nightmare disorder c. circadian rhythm sleep disorder b. sleep terror disorder d. sleepwalking disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual 144. a. b.
Sleep terrors are less; non-REM more; non-REM
intense than nightmares and usually occur in c. less; REM d. more; REM
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual 145. a. b.
a. b.
sleep.
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Sleep terror disorder affects more boys; childhood girls; childhood
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual 146.
Page: 370
and is usually outgrown during c. boys; adolescence d. girls; adolescence
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Which of the following people is most likely to have sleep terror disorder? A male child c. A male adult A female child d. A female adult
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Applied 147. Sleep terror disorder afflicts about a. 1 b. 6 ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual 148. Sleep terror disorder afflicts about a. 2 b. 5
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c. d.
percent of 18-month old children. 11 37
Page: 370
percent of adults. c. 10 d. 20
ANSWER: A Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual 149.
Repeated episodes in which a sleeper arises from bed and walks around the house while remaining fully asleep are typical of . a. nightmare disorder c. circadian rhythm sleep disorder b. sleep terror disorder d. sleepwalking disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual
150.
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Which of the following is true of sleepwalking episodes? a. They tend to occur during the first stages of sleep. b. They appear to involve the enactment of a dream. c. They are more common in adults than in children. d. Repeated episodes can cause significant personal distress. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual
151.
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Which of the following is true of sleepwalking? a. It appears to be caused by an overactive reticular activating system in the brain. b. It is dangerous to wake a sleepwalker. c. When they awaken the next morning, sleepwalkers typically have little, if any, memory of the sleepwalking episode. d. Sleepwalkers often recall vivid contents of a dream if awakened while sleepwalking. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual
152. a. b.
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Sleepwalking disorder afflicts between 1 and 5 c. 6 and 10 d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual 153.
Page: 370
percent of children. 11 and 15 16 and 20
Page: 370
involves repeated episodes of acting out one’s dreams during REM sleep in the form of vocalizing parts of the dream or thrashing about. a. Nightmare disorder c. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder b. Sleep terror disorder d. Sleepwalking disorder
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ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual 154. a. b.
involves recurrent awakenings from sleep because of frightening dreams. Nightmare disorder c. Circadian rhythm sleep disorder Sleep terror disorder d. Sleepwalking disorder
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual 155.
Page: 371
Page: 371
of the adult population experiences intense nightmares that could be diagnosed as nightmare disorder. a. It is unknown as to what percentage c. Ten percent b. Less than one percent d. Five percent ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual
156. a. b.
Nightmares are associated with lack of exercise eating too much before going to bed
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual 157. a. b.
a. b.
. c. d.
Nightmares occur during stage 1 stage 2
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual
traumatic experiences depletion of serotonin
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is associated with nightmares. Lack of exercise c. Eating too much before going to bed d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual 158.
Page: 371
Stress Depletion of dopamine
Page: 371
sleep. c. d.
stage 4 REM
Page: 371
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159. a. b.
REM sleep periods become shorter; less longer; less
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual 160. a. b.
a. b.
a. b.
a. b. c. d.
.
Page: 372
.
Page: 372
Research has found that when used for the short-term treatment of insomnia, sleep medications do which of the following? Increase the amount of REM sleep Increase dopamine production in the brain Increase respiration rate Increase the total length of sleep
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual 164.
.
Page: 371
Sleep medications primarily work by increasing the activity of serotonin c. norepinephrine GABA d. acetylcholine
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual 163.
Page: 371
Sleep medications used to combat sleep disorders are most often antianxiety drugs c. major tranquilizers antidepressant drugs d. analgesics
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual 162.
intense during the latter half of sleep.
The most common method of treating sleep disorders in the United States is through behavior modification techniques c. sleep medications psychosurgical techniques d. stress-reduction techniques
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual 161.
and dreams become c. shorter; more d. longer; more
Page: 372
Which of the following is a problem associated with the use of tranquilizers to combat insomnia? a. Tranquilizers tend to increase REM sleep. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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b. c. d.
Tranquilizers may reduce the amount of GABA available in the brain. Tranquilizers can cause night sweats. Tranquilizers can result in rebound insomnia following discontinuation of the drug.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual 165. a. b.
Regular use of drugs such as benzodiazepines to combat insomnia lead to neither tolerance nor dependence c. dependence, but not tolerance tolerance, but not dependence d. tolerance and dependence
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual 166.
167. a. b.
a. b.
.
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Stimulants are often used to treat people with . sleepwalking disorder c. primary insomnia narcolepsy d. sleep terror disorder
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual 168.
.
Page: 372
Regular use of prescription sleep medications produces a. neither physiological nor psychological dependence b. physiological, but not psychological, dependence c. psychological, but not physiological, dependence d. both physiological and psychological dependence ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual
Page: 372
Psychological approaches to treating sleep disorders have been largely limited to treating primary hypersomnia c. insomnia disorder (primary insomnia) sleepwalking disorder d. night terror disorder
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual 169.
Page: 372
.
Page: 373
The type of psychological approach which has become predominant in the treatment of sleep disorders is . a. social learning therapy c. psychoanalysis b. cognitive-behavior therapy d. humanistic therapy Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual 170.
The psychological intervention for primary insomnia that has been used to treat it most successfully is therapy. a. psychodynamic c. cognitive-behavioral b. humanistic d. Gestalt ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual
171.
Page: 373
A cognitive technique for substituting logical, sensible alternatives for self-defeating, maladaptive thoughts or beliefs is . a. rational restructuring c. aversive conditioning b. response cost d. stimulus control ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Conceptual
174.
Page: 373
To combat her insomnia, Nichole decides to stop using her bed for any other activities (such as reading, eating, or tossing and turning, etc.). From now on she will use it only for sleeping, and she will limit the time she spends in bed trying to fall asleep to no more than 10 to 20 minutes at a time. Her approach is typical of . a. rational restructuring c. aversive conditioning b. response cost d. stimulus control ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Applied
173.
Page: 373
A behavioral technique for combating insomnia that involves changing the environment associated with sleeping is known as . a. rational restructuring c. aversive conditioning b. response cost d. stimulus control ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual
172.
Page: 373
Page: 373
Which of the following is a recommended technique to help you fall asleep better at night? a. Go to bed only when you feel sleepy. b. Drink several glasses of wine. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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c. d.
Exercise late in the evening before bedtime. Watch TV or read in bed.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 374 Topic: A Closer Look: To Sleep, Perchance to Dream Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual
True-False Questions 175.
In a nation of plenty, some people deliberately starve themselves — sometimes to death. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
176.
People are more likely to deliberately starve themselves to death in third-world countries than firstworld countries. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
177.
Page: 346
Anorexia nervosa is much more common than bulimia nervosa. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
180.
Page: 346
Over the United States’ recent history, the percentage of its citizens with eating disorders has steadily decreased. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
179.
Page: 346
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are becoming increasingly rare in the United States. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
178.
Page: 346
Page: 346
Anorexia nervosa is about as common in the U.S. as bulimia nervosa is.
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728
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual 181.
Anorexia nervosa is far more common in women than in men. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
182.
Page: 349
Cardiac problems with anorexia can include high blood pressure. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
187.
Page: 348
Individuals with the binge eating/purging type of anorexia tend to have problems with impulse control. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
186.
Page: 347
The addition of body fat associated with puberty is natural in early adolescence. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
185.
Page: 347
Though others see them as “skin and bones,” young women with anorexia still see themselves as too fat. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
184.
Page: 347
Bulimia nervosa is far more common in women than in men. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
183.
Page: 346
Page: 349
One of the medical problems associated with anorexia is paralysis of the bowels or intestines. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
729
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual 188.
Rates of suicide in individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa are eight times higher than the general population. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
189.
Page: 349
Individuals with bulimia nervosa are usually of normal weight. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.2 Skill: Factual
193.
Page: 349
A DSM-5 diagnosis of bulimia nervosa requires that binge-eating episodes occur at an average frequency of at least once a week for 12 months. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.2 Skill: Factual
192.
Page: 349
A person with bulimia typically relies on strenuous exercise as a strategy for purging. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.2 Skill: Factual
191.
Page: 349
A person suffering from anorexia nervosa may lose as much as 35% of her body weight. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
190.
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Page: 349
Individuals with bulimia nervosa are about 20% below healthy weight ranges. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 349
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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194.
Bulimia nervosa typically affects women in late adolescence or early adulthood. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.2 Skill: Factual
195.
Repeated vomiting or abuse of laxatives can lead to sudden death. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.2 Skill: Factual
196.
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Eating disorders are less common in non-Western countries that the United States. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual
200.
Page: 351
BMI means Body Mass Index. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual
199.
Page: 351
BMI is a measure of waist to weight ratio. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual
198.
Page: 350
Sociocultural theorists believe that media images of ultrathin models and performers increase body dissatisfaction and may lead to disordered eating behavior ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual
197.
Page: 350
Page: 352
Investigators expect that the prevalence of eating disorders in young women of color will rise with increased exposure to Eurocentric concepts of feminine beauty. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders
Page: 352
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731
Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual 201.
People with anorexia nervosa may restrict their food intake in a misguided attempt to relieve upsetting emotions by seeking mastery or control over their bodies. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual
202.
Childhood sexual abuse is associated with an increased risk of developing bulimia. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual
203.
Page: 356
Genetics appears to play an important role in the development of eating disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual
207.
Page: 356
Drugs used to treat depression may help curb bulimic binges. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual
206.
Page: 355
Most eating disorders develop in nurturing, conflict-free families. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual
205.
Page: 354
People who struggle with bulimia tend to think in dichotomous or “black or white” terms. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual
204.
Page: 354
Page: 356
Eating disorders are relatively easy to treat. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 357
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732
Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.4 Skill: Factual 208.
Hospitalization is almost always necessary for the effective treatment of anorexia or bulimia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.4 Skill: Factual
209.
Hospitalization is never necessary for the treatment of anorexia or bulimia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.4 Skill: Factual
210.
Page: 359
Obesity is not a psychological disorder, but instead classified as a medical condition. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
214.
Page: 359
Obesity is one of the most common psychological disorders in the United States. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
213.
Page: 358
Obesity has become a national epidemic. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
212.
Page: 357
A combination of antidepressants and cognitive-behavior therapy has proven to be the ideal treatment for bulimia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.4 Skill: Factual
211.
Page: 357
Page: 359
Around the world, there are as many people overweight as underfed. ANSWER: T Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
733
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 215.
As a result of all the money and effort spent on weight loss products and programs, America’s collective waistlines are stabilizing. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
216.
Page: 361
Incidence of obesity is highest among people of lower socioeconomic status. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
221.
Page: 361
Poorer people exercise less regularly than more affluent people do. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
220.
Page: 361
Obese people have more fat cells than people who are not obese. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
219.
Page: 360
Obese people lose fat cells when they diet. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
218.
Page: 360
When you lose weight, your body starts putting the brakes on the rate at which it burns calories. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
217.
Page: 360
Page: 361
There is no relationship between ethnicity and obesity.
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734
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual 222.
Most dieters eventually gain back the weight they lose. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
223.
Page: 358
People with BED tend to be younger than those with anorexia or bulimia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
225.
Page: 362
BED is more common than either anorexia or bulimia. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
224.
Page: 361
Page: 358
Many Americans commonly suffer from sleep attacks in which they suddenly fall asleep without warning. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 364 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.6 Skill: Factual
226. Narcolepsy is sometimes referred to as “sleep drunkenness.” ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 366 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.7 Skill: Factual 227.
Narcoleptic attacks are associated with an almost immediate transition from wakefulness to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 366 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.8 Skill: Factual
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735
228.
Narcolepsy is often associated with cataplexy, a medical condition in which a person experiences auditory hallucinations. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 366 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.8 Skill: Factual
229.
People with obstructive sleep apnea repeatedly fall asleep without warning. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 368 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.9 Skill: Factual
230.
Some people literally gasp for breath hundreds of times during sleep without realizing it. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 368 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.9 Skill: Factual
231.
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders involve a persistent disruption of the person’s natural sleepwake cycle. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 369 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.10 Skill: Factual
232.
Most people who have sleep terrors fall back to sleep and remember nothing of them when they awaken. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 370 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual
233.
The population most likely to suffer from sleep terrors are older adults who have been exposed to childhood trauma. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 370 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual
234.
Persons with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder may suddenly kick or flail their arms, potentially causing injuries to themselves or their bed partner. ANSWER: T Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
736
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 371 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual 235.
Nightmares generally occur during REM sleep. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 371 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual
236.
The real difference between a nightmare and a night terror is the heightened intensity of the dreams occurring within the night terror. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 371 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual
237.
The most common method for treating sleep disorders in the United States is hypnosis. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 371 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual
238.
Luckily, most sleep medications have a very low probability of producing any form of chemical dependence. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 372 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual
239.
There is little evidence of long-term benefits of drug therapy for insomnia after the use of the drugs ceases. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 372 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual
240.
Reliance on sleeping pills does nothing to resolve the underlying cause of the problem or help a person learn more effective ways of coping. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 372 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
737
241.
Psychological approaches have been successfully used to treat every major sleep disorder except insomnia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 373 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual
242.
Stimulus control techniques strengthen the connection between the bed and sleep by restricting the activities in bed as much as possible to sleeping. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 373 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual
243.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is typically used only as a last resort in treating insomnia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 373 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual
244.
Exercising heavily just before bedtime can help eliminate insomnia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 374 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual
245.
One of the steps the text mentions to develop healthier sleeping patterns is to drink a warm glass of milk before going to bed. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 374 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual
Essay Questions 246.
Describe the features of anorexia and bulimia and the medical complications associated with each. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.1 Skill: Factual
247.
Page: 346-347
Discuss the causal factors involved with anorexia and bulimia.
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738
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Factual 248.
State your opinion and the basis for your opinion on whether Barbie should be banned. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.3 Skill: Applied
249.
Page: 360
Discuss socioeconomic differences in obesity and the possible reasons for those differences. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
253.
Page: 358
What factors contribute to the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure that underlies obesity? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
252.
Page: 357
Describe the features of binge-eating disorder and how it differs from bulimia. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.5 Skill: Factual
251.
Page: 353
Discuss the treatment of anorexia and bulimia. What methods hold the most promise? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Eating Disorders Learning Objective: 9.4 Skill: Factual
250.
Page: 351
Page: 361
Describe the features of insomnia disorder, hypersomnolence disorder, narcolepsy, breathing-related sleep disorder, and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 364 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.6 Skill: Factual
254.
Describe the features of the major types of parasomnias: nightmare disorder, sleep terror disorder, and sleepwalking disorder. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 369-370 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.11 Skill: Factual
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739
255.
Discuss pharmacological and psychological treatments of sleep disorders. Detail the concerns surrounding the use of sleep medications. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 372-373 Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders Learning Objective: 9.12 Skill: Factual
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740
REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS EOC Q9.1 Sixteen-year-old Sarah is tall and weighs 78 pounds. She counts calories and exercises continuously, and has a very rigid and controlled personality. With what type of anorexia nervosa would Sarah most likely be diagnosed? a) b) c) d)
binge-eating obsessive-compulsive binge/purge restricting
Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe the key features of anorexia nervosa. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q9.2 Theresa is a normal weight for a girl her age and height, but she is obsessed with the idea that she is too fat. She often goes without eating all day, and then in the middle of the night sneaks into the kitchen and eats everything she can find. A typical binge might include an entire roasted chicken with mashed potatoes and gravy, some bread, and a half gallon of ice cream. Afterward, she always goes to the bathroom to throw up the food. Theresa most likely would be diagnosed with . a) b) c) d)
anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa pica obsessive-compulsive disorder
Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.2 Describe the key features of bulimia nervosa. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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741
EOC Q9.3 Research links bulimia nervosa with a history of _ a) b) c) d)
in childhood.
food deprivation sedentary tendencies physical and sexual abuse poor academic performance
Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.3 Describe causal factors involved in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q9.4 Stella, a woman with bulimia nervosa, is working with a therapist. Stella’s therapist has her eat “forbidden” foods while she stands by to prevent vomiting until the urge to purge passes. The therapist is using a technique called _ . a) b) c) d)
psychodynamic; ego management humanistic; thought extinction behavioral; exposure with response prevention classical conditioning; aversion training
Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.4 Evaluate methods used to treat anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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742
EOC Q9.5 Myra, age 40, developed obesity in her thirties and is now 60 pounds overweight. Myra is known to consume several meat-lovers pizzas and breadsticks within the course of an evening. Although she is depressed after eating so much, Myra does nothing to compensate for her large caloric consumption. Myra has engaged in this pattern of behavior at least once a week for several months. The diagnosis that best matches Myra’s behaviors is . a) b) c) d)
bulimic obesity disorder morbidly obese binge-eating disorder non-restrictive obesity
Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.5 Describe the key features of binge-eating disorder and identify effective treatments for binge-eating disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q9.6 Presently, about obese. a) b) c) d)
children and teens in the United States are either overweight or
one in five one in three one in two three out of five
Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.5 Describe the key features of binge-eating disorder and identify effective treatments for binge-eating disorder. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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743
EOC Q9.7 Insomnia must last for at least for a diagnosis of insomnia disorder. a) b) c) d)
months and occur at least
times a week
2; 3 3; 3 3; 5 6; 5
Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.6 Describe the key features of insomnia disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q9.8 Recent research suggests that in some cases of hypersomnia, there is an increase in the activity of , a neurotransmitter in the brain that induces feelings of drowsiness. a) b) c) d)
GABA glutamate dopamine epinephrine
Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.7 Describe the key features of hypersomnolence disorder. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q9.9 Ramon suddenly loses muscular control during the course of a narcoleptic attack. This condition is known as . a) b) c) d)
cataplexy sleep paralysis night terrors sleep apnea
Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.8 Describe the key features of narcolepsy. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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744
EOC Q9.10 Jin has narcolepsy. Sometimes she is incapable of moving or talking when she first awakens in the morning. This inability to move is referred to as . a) b) c) d)
sleep paralysis sleep terror hypnogogic trance cataplexy
Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.8 Describe the key features of narcolepsy. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q9.11 Which of the following involves repeated episodes during sleep of snorting or gasping for breath, pauses of breath, or abnormally shallow breathing? a) b) c) d)
circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome parasomnia sleep paralysis
Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.9 Describe the key features of breathing-related sleep-wake disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q9.12 frequently occurs when there is a mismatch between a person’s sleep schedule and a person’s natural, internal sleep-wake cycle. a) b) c) d)
Sleepwalking Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder Cataplexy Sleep paralysis
Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.10 Describe the key features of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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745
EOC Q9.13 In cases of , muscle paralysis is absent or incomplete during REM sleep and the person may suddenly kick or flail the arms, potentially causing injuries to the self or the bed partner. a) b) c) d)
sleepwalking nightmares sleep terror REM sleep behavior disorder
Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.11 Identify the major types of parasomnias and describe their key features. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q9.14 The DSM-5 identifies the major types of parasomnias associated with non-REM sleep as . a) b) c) d)
rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and nightmare disorder sleep terrors and sleepwalking sleep apnea and narcolepsy insomnia and sleep terrors
Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.11 Identify the major types of parasomnias and describe their key features. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate
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746
EOC Q9.15 Joel is working with a therapist for his insomnia. The therapist has instructed Joel to remove his television from the bedroom and not to eat or read in the bed. The technique the therapist is using with Joel is called . a) b) c) d)
stimulus control environmental control rational restructuring sleep onset restructuring
Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.12 Evaluate methods used to treat sleep-wake disorders and apply your knowledge to identify more adaptive sleep habits. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q9.1.1 An eating disorder characterized by maintenance of an abnormally low body weight, a distorted body image, and intense fears of gaining weight is called . a) b) c) d)
bulimia nervosa obesity binge eating anorexia nervosa
Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe the key features of anorexia nervosa. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Easy EOM Q9.1.2 Anorexia nervosa usually develops between the ages of a) b) c) d)
.
9 and 11 12 and 18 19 and 20 21 and 24
Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe the key features of anorexia nervosa. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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747
EOM Q9.1.3 Which of the following characteristics has been shown to occur frequently in women with bulimia nervosa? a) b) c) d)
shyness and few, if any, close friends aggressiveness and a competitive style popularity and an upbeat temperament academic overachievement
Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.2 Describe the key features of bulimia nervosa. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q9.1.4 The learning perspective conceptualizes eating disorders as a(n) a) b) c) d)
_.
problem with interpersonal relationships unreasonable amount of pressure for a perfect body type of weight phobia problem with individuation
Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.3 Describe causal factors involved in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q9.1.5 Selma’s therapist has determined that her anorexia nervosa was caused by her unconscious effort to remain a prepubescent child. Selma’s therapist is most likely a theorist. a) b) c) d)
behavioral cognitive psychodynamic systems
Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.3 Describe causal factors involved in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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748
EOM Q9.1.6 Some therapeutic benefit has been found with the use SSRI-type antidepressant drugs for treating bulimia nervosa as they help to normalize levels of , a brain chemical involved in regulating appetite. a) b) c) d)
serotonin dopamine oxytocin testosterone
Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.4 Evaluate methods used to treat anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q9.1.7 Jeannie has been diagnosed with a binge-eating disorder. If she seeks the current treatment of choice for this disorder, she will undergo therapy. a) b) c) d)
cognitive-behavioral interpersonal psychodynamic humanistic
Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.5 Describe the key features of binge-eating disorder and identify effective treatments for binge-eating disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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749
EOM Q9.2.1 According to the principles of classical conditioning, the development of chronic insomnia can be explained as the result of pairing anxious, sleepless nights with stimuli associated with the bedroom. Heightened arousal when entering the bedroom then becomes the conditioned response, elicited by in the bedroom—even the mere sight of the bed. a) b) c) d)
conditioned stimuli neutral stimulus unconditioned stimuli unconditioned response
Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.6 Describe the key features of insomnia disorder. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q9.2.2 Claire was sleepy all the time, taking naps every afternoon for 2–3 hours. Even though she was sleeping through the night, she had trouble awakening in the morning. This continued for several months. Claire was likely experiencing . a) b) c) d)
hypersomnolence disorder hyposomnolence disorder night terrors hypnagogic disorder
Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.7 Describe the key features of hypersomnolence disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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750
EOM Q9.2.3 The most common type of narcolepsy is called narcolepsy/ deficiency syndrome, and involves a deficiency in the brain of a protein-like molecule produced by the that plays an important role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. a) b) c) d)
serotonin; basal ganglia ghrelin; hypothalamus dopamine; pituitary gland hypocretin; hypothalamus
Answer: d Learning Objective: 9.8 Describe the key features of narcolepsy. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q9.2.4 sleep apnea is a sleep disorder in which breathing problems may involve heartrelated problems or chronic use of opioid drugs. a) b) c) d)
Substance-induced Central Non-obstructive Cataplexic
Answer: b Learning Objective: 9.9 Describe the key features of breathing-related sleep-wake disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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751
EOM Q9.2.5 A few hours after he went to bed, Diane heard a scream from her two-year-old son. When she went in to check on him she found him sitting up in bed, sweating and extremely upset, not fully awake. After a few minutes he fell back to sleep. Diane’s son was most likely experiencing . a) b) c) d)
insomnia hypoventilation sleep terrors hypersomnolence
Answer: c Learning Objective: 9.11 Identify the major types of parasomnias and describe their key features. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q9.2.6 Sleep medications for the treatment of insomnia have major drawbacks including psychological and chemical dependence, carryover effects the next day, rebound insomnia, and . a) b) c) d)
suppression of REM sleep excessive weight loss hyperanxiety cataplexy
Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.12 Evaluate methods used to treat sleep-wake disorders and apply your knowledge to identify more adaptive sleep habits. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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752
EOM Q9.2.7 Which of the following classes of drugs is most likely to be used to treat insomnia? a) b) c) d)
benzodiazepines selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors antipsychotics anticonvulsants
Answer: a Learning Objective: 9.12 Evaluate methods used to treat sleep-wake disorders and apply your knowledge to identify more adaptive sleep habits. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
753
Total Assessment Guide Topic Learning Objective Introduction
Learning Objective 10.1
Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False
Learning Objective 10.2
Essay Multiple Choice True-False
Learning Objective 10.3
Learning Objective 10.4
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 10.5
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 10.6
Learning Objective 10.7
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
Factual 1, 2, 3, 4
Conceptual
5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227
7
15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22 228, 229, 230, 231, 232 312 27, 28
19
233, 234, 235
313
29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 68, 69, 72, 73, 74, 76 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250
36
79, 80, 84, 85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 116, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132
133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145,
Applied
311 23, 25, 26
314, 315, 316, 317 78, 81, 83, 86, 103, 105
318, 319. 320 109, 117, 119, 127
321 152, 175
24
37, 38, 39, 40, 59, 60, 65, 66, 67, 70, 71, 75, 77
82, 87
114, 118
141, 148, 151, 154, 156, 160, 163, 165, 169, 181, 184, 186,
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754
Topic
True-False
Factual 146, 147, 149, 150, 153, 155, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 164, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 183, 185, 187 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293
Essay Learning Objective 10.8
Learning Objective 10.9
Multiple Choice
197, 198, 199
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
194
True-False
200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 221 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310
Essay
Conceptual
Applied 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195
322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329 196
330, 331 207, 220
332 206
333
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755
10 Disorders Involving Gender and Sexuality Multiple-Choice Questions 1.
Sex is a. b. c. d.
. a natural function a function that does not exist in some cultures a human function that occurs between the ages of 13 and 35 easy to define when it comes to what is normal and what is abnormal
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual 2.
Gender dysphoria, a diagnosable disorder, is related to one’s sense of being a. homosexual or heterosexual c. sexual or intersexual b. male or female d. sexual or asexual ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
3.
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Some preliterate societies in Africa and South America view a. kissing c. holding hands b. masturbation d. lip piercing ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
5.
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Gender roles may be defined as . a. one’s genetic sex c. one’s psychological sense of being male or female b. one’s sexual organs d. societal expectations of behaviors appropriate for men and women ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
4.
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as deviant.
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Our psychological sense of being male or female is called our a. sex role c. gender identity
.
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.
b.
sexual orientation
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.1 Skill: Factual 6.
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Page: 379
Timmy is a nine-year-old boy who thinks that he should have been born a girl and who likes to wear girls’ clothes and play with dolls. He gets teased and criticized a great deal. Which statement is most likely to fit Timmy’s situation? a. He does not have a diagnosable psychiatric disorder and probably never will. b. He does not have a current diagnosable psychiatric disorder but it will be diagnosed if he continues this behavior past the age of 12. c. He could currently be diagnosed with gender dysphoria. d. He would be diagnosed with a childhood adjustment disorder if a teacher recognizes that he is unhappy in school. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.1 Skill: Applied
8. a. b. c. d.
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is a psychosocial concept distinguishing maleness from femaleness. Gender Sex Homosexuality Tomboy
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.1 Skill: Factual 9.
sexual preference
In , there is a conflict between one's anatomic sex and one's gender identity. a. a gay or lesbian sexual orientation c. transvestic fetishism b. a bisexual sexual orientation d. gender dysphoria ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.1 Skill: Factual
7.
d.
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Which of the following are societal expectations of behavior appropriate for men and women? a. Gender roles b. Sex roles c. Transgender roles d. Dysphoria roles ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.1
Page: 379
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757
Skill: Factual 10.
People with a have the psychological sense of belonging to one gender while possessing the sexual organs of the other. a. transgender identity b. homosexuality c. transvestite identity d. sex organ differentiation ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.1 Skill: Factual
11.
The term refers to the biological division between males and females of a species. a. gender b. homosexuality c. heterosexuality d. sex ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.1 Skill: Factual
12.
.
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Which of the following is a key feature of gender dysphoria in childhood? a. Feelings of acceptance of one’s sexual anatomy b. Trying to fit in by wearing the clothing of the same sex c. Trying to fit in by playing with the toys of the same sex d. Strong desire to have the physical characteristics associated with one’s experienced gender ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.1 Skill: Factual
14.
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In transgendered individuals, gender dysphoria is a. always present b. not always present c. a co-occurring feature for males but not for females d. a co-occurring feature for females but not for males ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic Gender Dysphoria : Learning Objective: 10.1 Skill: Factual
13.
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Page: 380
Gender dysphoria often begins during which period of the lifespan? a. Childhood b. Immediately after birth c. Early 20’s d. Early 30's Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
758
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.1 Skill: Factual 15.
Transgender individuals are also referred to as a. transvestites c. bisexuals b. homosexuals d. transsexuals ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.2 Skill: Factual
16.
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.
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The term gender identity disorder was replaced in DSM-5 with which of the following new diagnostic term? a. Gender dysphoria b. Multiple gender disorder c. Transvestism d. Multiple personality disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 381 Topic: Thinking Critically: Are People With a Transgender Identity Suffering From a Mental Disorder? Learning Objective: 10.2 Skill: Factual
17.
The textbook suggests give us reason to question the validity of conceptualizing a transgender identity as a type of psychological disorder. a. cultural variations in gender roles and identities b. biological similarities between males and females c. the increase in rates of homosexuality d. the decrease of male birth rates in the human species ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 381 Topic: Thinking Critically: Are People With a Transgender Identity Suffering From a Mental Disorder? Learning Objective: 10.2 Skill: Factual
18.
Your text suggests that the distress that transgendered persons experience is not a direct consequence of inner conflicts over their sexual orientation, but is . a. acknowledging the difficult and evitable surgical transition b. coming to terms with not being able to biologically reproduce c. an understandable response to the negative treatment they receive from others d. adjusting to the loss of cultural privileges associated with their former sex ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 381 Topic: Thinking Critically: Are People With a Transgender Identity Suffering From a Mental Disorder? Learning Objective: 10.2 Skill: Factual
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759
19.
The term gender identity disorder was replaced in DSM-5 with a new diagnostic term, gender dysphoria, to emphasize which of the following? a. The discomfort or distress that transgender people may experience from the mismatch between their gender identity and their designated gender. b. The loss of cultural interactions privileges associated with their previous sex. c. The difficulty in choosing the sex of partners to form relationships and become intimate with. d. The inability for transgender individuals to be able to become comfortable with any aspect of their identity at any point in their lives. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 381 Topic: Thinking Critically: Are People With a Transgender Identity Suffering From a Mental Disorder? Learning Objective: 10.2 Skill: Conceptual
20.
Which of the following persons is most likely to undergo sex-reassignment surgery? a. A transsexual person c. A person who suffers from transvestic fetishism b. A gay male or lesbian d. A bisexual individual ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.2 Skill: Factual
21.
Transgendered individuals who have undergone sexual reassignment are often referred to as a. gender role transitioners b. transindentifiers c. transsexuals d. reassigned transformers ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.2 Skill: Factual
22.
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.
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Research on the postoperative adjustment of those who obtain sexual reassignment surgery finds . a. in general, neither male-to-female nor female-to-male transitioners have successful postoperative adjustment b. male-to-female transitions tend to have more favorable postoperative adjustment than female-tomale transitions c. female-to-male tend to have more favorable postoperative adjustment than male-to-female d. both male-to-female and female-to-male transitioners have equally high rates of successful postoperative adjustment ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3):3 Page: 382 Topic: Gender Identity Disorder Learning Objective: 10.2 Skill: Factual
23.
In explaining gender identity disorder in males, one factor that both psychodynamic and learning theorists cite is . a. maternal hostility c. maternal absence b. paternal hostility d. paternal absence Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
760
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.3 Skill: Conceptual 24.
Page: 383
Claude, who was formerly Claudia, probably began developing his gender identity disorder a. in very early childhood c. during latency b. around the Oedipal period d. at the onset of puberty ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.3 Skill: Applied
25.
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Psychodynamic theorists point to which of the following as being involved with the development of gender identity disorder? a. Extremely close father-daughter relationships b. Absent fathers (with sons) or demanding, controlling mothers (with daughters) c. Gay male fathers (with sons) or lesbian mothers (with daughters) d. Empty relationships with one’s parents ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.3 Skill: Conceptual
26.
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Learning theories suggest which of the following as a potential cause of gender identity disorder? a. Overbearing relationships with parents b. Lack of positive reinforcement from the mother c. Being reared by parents who wanted children of the other gender d. Growing up as a child of divorce ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.3 Skill: Conceptual
27.
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Currently, researchers suspect that gender identity disorders develop as a result of the interaction between the developing brain and the release of during prenatal development. a. virulent antibodies c. male sex hormones b. stress hormones d. prostaglandins ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.3 Skill: Factual
28.
.
Evidence links high levels of a. estrogen
Page: 383
c.
during prenatal development to more masculinized play in children. testosterone
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b.
mercury
d.
calcium
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Learning Objective: 10.3 Skill: Factual 29.
Page: 383
Disorders that are characterized by problems with sexual interest, arousal, or response are classified as . a. sexual dysfunctions c. performance disorders b. paraphilias d. response-cycle disorders ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
30.
Sexual dysfunctions are a. rare; few b. widespread; few ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
31.
people seek treatment for these problems. c. rare; most d. widespread; most
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Which sexual complaint is most often reported by men? a. Reaching orgasm too quickly c. Difficulty achieving an erection b. Uncontrollable sexual desire d. Lack of sexual pleasure ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
33.
, and
Of the concerns listed below, which sexual complaint is most often reported by women? a. Reaching orgasm too quickly b. Inability to attain orgasm c. Partners unable to satisfy sexual needs for pleasure d. Interference from ovulation and other monthly cycles ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
32.
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Sexual dysfunctions that have existed throughout an individual's lifetime, and the person has never achieved normal functioning, are labeled dysfunctions. a. acquired c. lifelong b. situational d. generalized
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ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual 34.
Sexual dysfunctions that begin following a period of normal functioning are labeled a. acquired c. lifelong b. situational d. generalized ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
35.
37.
dysfunctions.
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Dave has difficulty getting an erection with his current girlfriend but has had no difficulty with sexual performance with other females. His sexual dysfunction is . a. acquired c. situational b. lifelong d. generalized ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Applied
38.
dysfunctions.
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Sexual dysfunctions that occur in all situations and at all times are labeled a. acquired c. lifelong b. situational d. generalized ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Conceptual
dysfunctions.
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Sexual dysfunctions that occur in some situations but not in others are labeled a. acquired c. lifelong b. situational d. generalized ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
36.
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Steve has experienced premature ejaculation with every sexual partner he has ever had. His sexual dysfunction is . a. acquired c. situational b. lifelong d. undifferentiated ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4
Page: 384
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Skill: Applied 39.
Phil used to have normal sexual desire, but since his divorce his desire has diminished to the point of being nonexistent. His sexual dysfunction is . a. acquired c. situational b. lifelong d. undifferentiated ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Applied
40.
Dave struggles with difficulty achieving orgasm every time he engages in any sexual form of sexual activity. His sexual dysfunction is . a. acquired c. situational b. undifferentiated d. generalized ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Applied
41.
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According to prevalence rates derived from Lewis et al. (2010) the rate for Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder is reported to be about percent for women. a. 2-12 c. 65-80 b. 80-90 d. 10-55 ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
43.
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Women are likely when compared to men to experience problems with a deficiency or lack of sexual interest or drive. a. less c. more b. equally d. never ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
42.
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Page: 384
According to prevalence rates derived from Lewis et al. (2010) the rate for Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder is reported to be about percent for men. a. 2-5 c. 25-40 b. 8-25 d. 50-60 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 384
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44.
Men with persistently have little, if any, desire for sexual activity or may lack sexual or erotic thoughts or fantasies. a. male hypoactive sexual desire disorder b. gender dysphoria c. gender identity disorder d. erectile disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
45.
Women with have reduced levels of sexual interest or drive as well as absent or reduced sexual arousal during sexual activity. a. female sexual interest/arousal disorder b. erectile disorder c. female orgasmic disorder d. transgender disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
46.
About a. 1 b. 10
during sexual
Page: 385
percent of males between the ages of 40 and 70 report erectile disorder. c. 50 d. 80
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual 48.
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Women with female sexual interest/arousal disorder may also have few if any activity. a. reproductive capability b. genital sensations c. visual capabilities d. motor function ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
47.
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Men with may have difficulty achieving an erection or maintaining an erection to the completion of sexual activity, or have erections that lack the rigidity needed to perform effectively. a. erectile disorder (ED) b. orgasm disorder c. penile disorder d. sexual arousal disorder Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual 49.
The diagnosis for erectile disorder requires the problem be present for a period of about longer and that it occurs on or about percent of occasions of sexual activity. a. 1; 25 c. 6; 75 b. 2; 50 d. 12; 75 ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
50.
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Page: 386
In there is a marked delay in reaching orgasm in women or an infrequency or absence of orgasm following a normal level of sexual interest and arousal and without the person desiring a delay. a. female orgasmic disorder b. transgender disorder c. delayed ejaculation d. erectile disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
52.
months or
The risk of developing erectile disorder . a. varies little across adult male age groups b. increases through middle age and levels off c. decreases with age d. increases with age ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
51.
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In men, which of the following is a marked delay in reaching orgasm in men or an infrequency or absence of orgasm following a normal level of sexual interest and arousal and without the person desiring a delay? a. Premature ejaculation b. Dysphoria disorder c. Delayed ejaculation d. Erectile disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 386
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53.
Occasional experiences of rapid ejaculation, such as when a man is with a new partner, has had infrequent sexual contacts, or is very highly aroused, are . a. not considered normal b. not considered abnormal c. suggestive of erectile disorder d. indicate the presence of male hyposexual disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
54.
Men with delayed ejaculation are generally but have difficulty . a. able to ejaculate through masturbation; achieving ejaculation during intercourse with a partner b. able to achieve ejaculation during intercourse with a partner; unable to achieve ejaculation through masturbation c. to have an orgasm; producing ejaculate d. able to ejaculate; gaining an initial erection ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
55.
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The most commonly reported form of sexual dysfunction in men is a. hypoactive sexual desire disorder c. genitor-pelvic pain b. premature ejaculation d. vaginismus ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
57.
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The DSM-5 expanded the criteria for female orgasmic disorder to include cases in which women . a. experience a sharp reduction in the intensity of orgasmic sensations b. experience too intense of an orgasm c. experience multiple orgasms d. do not experience orgasm ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
56.
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.
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In females, reduced levels of sexual interest and drive as well as reduced sexual arousal during sexual activity are known as disorders. a. female sexual interest/arousal disorder c. orgasm b. unorthodox sexual desire d. sexual pain ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1
Page: 385
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767
Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual 58.
A sexual dysfunction in which men have a persistent lack of sexual desire or recurrent lack of sexual interest or sexual fantasies is _ . a. sexual aversion disorder c. male hypoactive sexual desire disorder b. sexual apathy disorder d. frigidity ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
59.
Amber has never developed any interest in sex. She does not experience sexual fantasies. Her boyfriend cannot understand her attitude, and he is becoming frustrated by it. When he and Amber consult with a psychologist about the issue, Amber is likely to be diagnosed as having the DSM-5 diagnosis of . a. sexual aversion disorder c. female sexual interest/arousal disorder b. sexual apathy disorder d. frigidity ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Applied
60.
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In order to be assigned a diagnosis of genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder, the afflicted woman . a. has never experienced an orgasm b. has a physical anomaly that is contributing to the pain she experiences c. has no medical explanation for her pain, thus the condition is determined to be psychological d. is not sexually attracted to her partner ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
62.
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Rich has no interest in sex at all. He has no sexual fantasies and no desire to engage in sexual activity. While he does not find sex disgusting or revolting, he does not understand what others find so exciting about it. He feels just fine remaining celibate. If these issues begin to cause Rich distress or interfere with his relationships, he may be diagnosed with . a. dyspareunia c. male hypoactive sexual desire disorder b. sexual aversion disorder d. male erectile disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Applied
61.
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For a diagnosis of a sexual dysfunction, the disorder must cause a. significant distress or impairment in functioning b. a threat to one’s health
.
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c. d.
a deviation from the norm a loss of income
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual 63.
Which statement about disorders of interest and arousal is true? a. Women with the disorder experience a more active sex life. b. In men, sexual interest or arousal disorder is very rare. c. Clinicians agree on criteria for determining the level of sexual desire considered “normal.” d. For men, occasional problems in achieving or maintaining erection are common due to fatigue, alcohol, and anxiety with a new partner. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
64.
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Maria does not fantasize about sex and has a lack of sexual desire, when she and her husband attempt to have intercourse. This has been a persistent problem for several months now. Her disorder is . a. dyspareunia c. female orgasmic disorder b. vaginismus d. female sexual interest/arousal disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Applied
66.
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In men, a sexual dysfunction characterized by an inability to achieve or maintain the physiological responses involved in sexual arousal or excitement is known as disorder. a. erectile c. male orgasm b. gender desire d. sexual pain ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
65.
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Although Clark constantly fantasizes about having sex with his wife, when he actually attempts intercourse, he cannot maintain an erection. This has been a persistent problem for several months now. His disorder is . a. dyspareunia c. male erectile disorder b. hypoactive sexual desire d. male orgasmic disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Applied
Page: 386
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67.
Although Mona constantly fantasizes about having sex with her husband and she has no problem becoming vaginally lubricated during intercourse, she is unable to reach sexual climax no matter how long she is sexually stimulated. Her disorder is . a. dyspareunia c. female sexual arousal disorder b. vaginismus d. female orgasmic disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Applied
68.
Men suffering from delayed ejaculation . a. cannot achieve orgasm through masturbation or sexual intercourse b. can usually achieve orgasm through masturbation but not through sexual intercourse c. can usually achieve orgasm through sexual intercourse but not through masturbation d. achieve orgasm before penetration when attempting sexual intercourse ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
69.
Men with delayed ejaculation usually orgasm through sexual intercourse. a. cannot; cannot b. can; cannot ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
70.
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reach orgasm through masturbation and c. d.
achieve
cannot; can can; can
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Josh can achieve orgasm through masturbation, but even though he is thoroughly aroused by his girlfriend he is unable to reach orgasm through intercourse with her. His sexual dysfunction is . a. male erectile disorder c. delayed ejaculation b. dyspareunia d. male sexual desire disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Applied
71.
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Page: 386
Joe is having difficulties with his sex life because he climaxes just seconds after he enters his partner. Sometimes he climaxes even before he enters his partner. His disorder is . a. male hypoactive sexual desire disorder c. premature ejaculation b. male orgasmic disorder d. male erectile disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Applied
Page: 386
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770
72.
The most common form of sexual dysfunction in men is . a. sexual erectile disorder c. male orgasmic disorder b. dyspareunia d. premature ejaculation ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
73.
Which of the following disorders applies to women who experience sexual pain and/or difficulty engaging in vaginal intercourse or penetration? a. Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder b. Intercourse aversion disorder c. Orgasmic disorder d. Gender identity disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
74.
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Janet has always enjoyed sex, but lately, every time she has intercourse she feels sharp pains. It has rapidly taken the enjoyment out of her sexual activity. Her disorder is . a. female orgasmic disorder c. sexual aversion disorder b. hypoactive sexual desire disorder d. genito-pelvic pain/ penetration disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Applied
76.
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Persistent or recurrent pain experienced during or following sexual intercourse is . a. hyperactive sexual response c. genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder b. hypoactive sexual response d. the phi phenomenon ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
75.
Page: 384
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The involuntary spasm of the muscles surrounding the vagina when vaginal penetration is attempted, making sexual intercourse difficult or impossible, is known as . a. vaginismus c. the phi phenomenon b. dyspareunia d. congenital infarction ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 387
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771
77.
Over the last several months, every time Lucia has attempted sexual intercourse she has experienced spasms of the muscles surrounding her vagina, making intercourse painful or impossible. Her disorder is . a. dyspareunia c. female sexual arousal disorder b. vaginismus d. sexual aversion disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Applied
78.
The major contemporary views of sexual dysfunctions emphasize the roles of anxiety, lack of sexual skills, irrational beliefs, perceived causes of events, and relationship problems. a. psychological perspectives b. biological perspective c. social perspective d. cultural perspective ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Conceptual
79.
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As cited in the textbook, Rajkumar and Kumaran (2015) found other psychological problems, such as , can also result in sexual dysfunctions involving impaired sexual interest, arousal, or response. a. depression and anxiety b. learning disabilities c. bipolar disorder d. schizophrenia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
81.
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According to the text, conditioned anxiety resulting from may lead to problems with sexual arousal or achieving orgasm or lead to pain in women during penetration. a. a history of sexual trauma or rape b. not enough protein in the diet c. excessive caffeine use d. excessive sexual activity ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
80.
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Page: 387
People who have an excessive concern about the ability to perform successfully during sexual activity are often troubled by . a. performance anxiety c. hypoactive sexual desire b. castration anxiety d. sexual pain disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
772
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Conceptual 82.
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A man who worries, “what will she think of my ability to satisfy her,” may be suffering from a. hypoactive sexual desire c. performance anxiety b. castration anxiety d. body dysmorphic disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Applied
83.
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When people with performance anxiety are engaged in sex, they are unable to focus on a. their bodies c. pleasing their partners b. their erotic experiences d. the results of their sexual functioning ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Conceptual
84.
85.
Ejaculation is controlled by the a. sympathetic b. parasympathetic ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
86.
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The erectile reflex is controlled by the a. sympathetic b. parasympathetic ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
branch of the autonomic nervous system. c. voluntary d. involuntary
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branch of the autonomic nervous system. c. voluntary d. involuntary
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Albert Ellis claims that contribute to sexual dysfunctions. a. unconscious conflicts b. feelings of conditional positive regard c. problems in our ability to regulate our levels of sexual arousal d. irrational beliefs and attitudes ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions
.
Page: 389
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773
.
Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Conceptual 87.
In the case of Pete and Paula in the text, the sexual disorder was a. Pete’s erectile dysfunction b. Paula’s sexual aversion disorder c. Paula’s hypoactive sexual desire disorder d. Pete’s vaginismus ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Applied
88.
The male sex hormone testosterone is energizing sexual desire in females. a. not important; not important b. not important; important ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
89.
90.
in energizing sexual desire in males and is _ c. d.
important; not important important; important
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.
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Erectile disorders are commonly found in men with which of the following conditions? a. Allergies c. Cardiovascular disorders b. Psoriasis d. Gastric ulcer ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
91.
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Most men and women with sexual dysfunctions have a. had vasectomies or hysterectomies b. abnormally low levels of sex hormones c. normal levels of sex hormones d. abnormally high levels of sex hormones ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
.
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Which of the following conditions are often present for men with erectile disorders? a. Allergies c. Gastric ulcer b. Obesity d. Psoriasis ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5
Page: 390
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774
in
Skill: Factual 92.
A disease that can damage nerves that serve the penis, thus causing erectile disorder is a. arthritis c. diabetes b. osteoporosis d. tuberculosis ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
93.
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Men with erectile disorder are more than dysfunction. a. three times as likely b. four times as likely c. twice as likely d. five times as likely ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
96.
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Eric Rimm’s (2000) study found erectile dysfunction to be linked to which of the following? a. Having a large waist c. A vitamin B deficiency b. Excessive, overly strenuous exercise d. Eating fast food ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
95.
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Erectile disorder and delayed ejaculation can also result from a disease in which nerve cells lose the protective coating that facilitates transmission of neural messages. This disease is known as . a. muscular dystrophy c. Turner’s syndrome b. Huntington’s chorea d. multiple sclerosis ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
94.
.
to have diabetes compared to males without erectile
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The Massachusetts Male Aging Study suggests that may reduce the risk of erectile dysfunction. a. three alcoholic drinks per day c. regular exercise b. 600 mg. daily of calcium d. daily meditation ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 391
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775
97.
About one in three women who use experience impaired orgasmic response or complete lack of orgasm. a. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants b. anti-inflammatory medication c. diet pills d. excessive caffeine ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
98.
Use selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants such as orgasmic response or complete lack of orgasm. a. Zoloft or Paxil b. Tylenol c. Xanax d. Morphine ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
99.
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can cause impaired
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A psychiatric medication that can cause orgasmic disorder in either men or women is a. Adderall c. Buspar b. Lithium d. Xanax ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
100. Medication which is used to treat a. acne b. high blood pressure ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual 101. Medication which is used to treat a. psychological disorders b. arthritis ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
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can contribute to erectile difficulties. c. thyroid problems d. glaucoma
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can contribute to sexual dysfunction. c. indigestion d. headaches
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776
.
102. What is the common thread in alcohol, heroin, and morphine that reduces sexual desire and impairs sexual arousal? a. They are central nervous system depressants. b. Addicts prefer to use these drugs alone rather than in the company of another person. c. Users are ashamed of the physical side effects of these drugs and will not allow another person to become intimate with them. d. They regularly lead to premature ejaculation. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
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103. In Hispanic culture, the marianismo stereotype is linked in the text to . a. male sexual impotence c. female prostitution b. premature ejaculation d. female sexual dysfunction ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Conceptual
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104. Investigators find a greater incidence of erectile dysfunction in cultures with which of the following types of cultural attitudes? a. Unrestricted attitudes toward premarital sex among females b. Restrictive attitudes toward homosexuality c. Restrictive attitudes toward sex in marriage d. Unrestricted attitudes toward extramarital sex ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
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105. According to the perspective, our negative beliefs about sexuality may interfere with sexual desire and function. a. sociocultural b. biological c. physiological d. evolutionary ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Conceptual
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106. Psychoanalytic therapists have approached sexual dysfunctions a. by emphasizing penis envy b. through direct treatment of performance anxiety c. indirectly, assuming they represented underlying conflicts d. with the assessment of genetic influences
.
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ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
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107. There was no effective treatment for most sexual dysfunctions until . a. the development of psychodynamic theory by Sigmund Freud b. the development of behavioral techniques by B.F. Skinner c. the development of rational-emotive behavior therapy by Albert Ellis d. the publication of research by Masters and Johnson ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
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108. Until work in the 1960s, there was no effective treatment for most sexual dysfunctions. a. Kinsey’s c. Kaplan’s b. Westheimer’s d. Masters and Johnson’s ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
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109. Most contemporary sex therapists assume that sexual dysfunctions . a. can be treated by directly modifying the couple's sexual interactions b. must be treated indirectly by resolving the underlying emotional conflicts which led to the dysfunction c. require some type of biochemical intervention to resolve the problem d. are a normal result of our nation's emphasis on sexuality and must be accepted as part of the price we pay for being so sexually oriented ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Conceptual
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110. Which of the following is true of sex therapy? a. Sex therapy encourages the couple to consider having their relationship as open. b. Sex therapy focuses on relieving performance anxiety. c. Sex therapy focuses on expression of frustration about the partner’s performance. d. Sex therapy usually involves the therapist seeing each partner in individual therapy. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual 111. Sex therapy typically uses a. psychodynamic
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techniques in a brief therapy format. c. Gestalt
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b.
cognitive-behavioral
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
d.
humanistic
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112. In the treatment of sexual dysfunctions, over the past 25 years there has developed a greater emphasis on the role of factors and a use of medical and surgical treatments. a. psychological ; lesser c. psychological ; greater b. biological; lesser d. biological; greater ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
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113. Treatment for low sexual desire might include all but which one of the following? a. Insight-oriented therapy b. Self-stimulation exercises c. Stop-and-go technique d. Testosterone replacement, if indicated ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
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114. George and Martha go into therapy to resolve sexual problems in their marriage. Their therapist uses behavioral methods to change problem behaviors and expectancies, as well as sensate focus exercises to help them learn to pleasure each other in a relaxed, low-pressure atmosphere. This treatment approach is most like that of . a. Kinsey c. Hunt b. Masters and Johnson d. Kaplan ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Applied
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115. Researchers have found that testosterone . a. is actually not very important in the sexual interest or functioning of men and women b. plays a key role in the sexual interest and functioning of men but not women c. plays a key role in the sexual interest and functioning of women but not men d. plays a key role in the sexual interest and functioning of both men and women ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 393
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779
116. Treatment with shows promise in heightening sexual desire for both women and men. a. gradated pornographic videos c. progesterone b. partner applied vibrators d. testosterone ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
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117. For men with erectile problems and women with vaginal lubrication difficulties with psychological causes, the first thing they have to do is . a. relax c. learn new techniques b. view erotica more often d. bear down and try harder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Conceptual
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118. As part of their sex therapy, Mike and Trudy are asked to massage, or pleasure, each other for extended periods of time without touching each other's genitals. This technique is called . a. relaxation training c. sensate focus exercising b. covert sensitization d. self-spectatoring ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Applied
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119. Women with orgasmic disorder often harbor beliefs that . a. sex is dirty and sinful b. that one should never lose control of oneself c. sex is a weapon to be used to manipulate men d. masturbation is the only appropriate sexual outlet for women unless one is attempting to conceive children ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Conceptual
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120. To treat female orgasmic dysfunction, Masters and Johnson used all of the following Techniques except . a. sensate focus c. testosterone b. masturbation d. communication enhancement ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
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121. The most effective way for women with orgasm difficulties to achieve orgasm is through a. viewing erotic movies c. masturbation b. sensate focus exercise d. group sex ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
.
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122. In females, directed masturbation has been used to successfully treat female orgasmic dysfunction in about percent of cases. a. 10-30 c. 50-70 b. 30-50 d. 70-90 ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3):3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
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123. The standard treatment for delayed ejaculation disorder focuses on increasing . a. sexual stimulation; performance anxiety b. monogamy; promiscuity c. attention; distraction d. testosterone levels; estrogen levels ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
and reducing
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124. The most widely used behavioral approach for treating premature ejaculation is a. the sensate focus exercise c. the stop-and-go technique b. hypnosis d. covert desensitization ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
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125. The stop-and-go technique was suggested by a. Masters and Johnson c. b. Kaplan d. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
.
. Heiman and LoPiccolo Semans
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126. In treating premature ejaculation, the stop-and-go technique has shown relapse rates.
success rates and
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a. b.
low; low low; high
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
high; low high; high
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127. Vaginismus represents . a. psychologically based fear of penetration b. psychologically based fear of abandonment c. a physical (medical) disorder of the genital muscles d. psychologically based fear of adulthood and adult sexuality ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Conceptual
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128. Women with vaginismus often have histories of . a. restrictive, morally constrained upbringing b. rape or sexual abuse c. being overly sheltered from knowledge of sex and sexuality d. being abandoned or left alone ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
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129. Treatment for vaginismus often includes the technique of . a. negative reinforcement c. response cost b. aversive conditioning d. gradual exposure ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
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130. Drugs such as Viagra and Cialis are used to a. induce orgasms c. b. delay orgasms d. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
. induce erections increase desire
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131. Investigators are exploring biomedical therapies for female sexual dysfunctions, including use of erectile dysfunction (ED) drugs such as . a. Valium Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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b. c. d.
Flomax Viagra Xanax
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3):1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 395
132. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors can help men with . a. erectile dysfunction c. sexual aversion b. premature ejaculation d. voyeurism ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
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133. Someone who shows sexual arousal in response to stimuli involving nonhuman objects, inappropriate or nonconsenting partners, or painful or humiliating situations is suffering from . a. paraphilia c. gender identity disorder b. sexual dysfunction d. sexual orientation disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
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134. Which of the following would be considered a common atypical item that someone with a paraphilia would be aroused by? a. Watching heterosexual sexual activity on the Internet b. Visiting a prostitute c. Dressing in sexually revealing clothing typical for persons of the individual’s gender d. Seeing underwear or shoes ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3):1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
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135. For a diagnosis of paraphilia under the DSM-5 guidelines, the paraphilia must be a. interesting c. relieving b. distressing d. surprising ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual 136. Paraphilias are a. almost never
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diagnosed in women. c.
about two-thirds of the time
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to self or others.
b.
about a third of the time
d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
almost exclusively
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137. For a paraphilic disorder to be diagnosed per the DSM-5, the presence of paraphilia must also include personal distress or impairment in important areas of daily functioning or . a. involve behaviors presently or in the past in which satisfaction of the sexual urge involved harm, or risk of harm, to other people. b. cause legal problems for the individual. c. result in loss of sexual interest and activity for the rest of the life. d. involve the joining of a community of like-minded people. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
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138. A relatively harmless paraphilia is a. transvestic fetishism b. exhibitionism
. c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual 139. A most harmful paraphilia is _ a. fetishism b. sexual sadism ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
pedophilia sexual sadism
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. c. d.
transvestic fetishism voyeurism
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140. A paraphilia in which one is sexually aroused by exposing one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger is known as . a. voyeurism c. frotteurism b. exhibitionism d. pedophilia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
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141. Lonnie suffers from recurrent, powerful urges to expose his genitals to unsuspecting women in hopes of shocking and arousing them. He masturbates while exposing himself although he does not seek actual sexual contact with his victim. His paraphilia is . Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
784
a. b.
exhibitionism voyeurism
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied
c. d.
frotteurism scatologia
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142. Which of the following is probably the safest reaction when confronted by a person suffering from exhibitionism? a. Laugh at them b. Ignore them c. Show exaggerated fear or shock at their actions d. Insult them ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
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143. Which of the following is true of people who suffer from exhibitionism? a. It can be an expression of frustration over lack of personal success. b. They are typically interested in sexual contact with their victims. c. They tend to be shy, dependent, and lacking in social, and sexual skills. d. Their victims' revulsion or fear is not reinforcing and lowers their arousal. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
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144. Which of the following is true of people who suffer from exhibitionism? a. Exhibitionists enjoy visiting nude beaches because they are able to expose themselves in a socially acceptable manner. b. The goal of the exhibitionist is show off the attractiveness of their bodies. c. Exhibitionists often doubt their masculinity. d. Exhibitionists are often grandiose and see their genital exposure as a means of taunting others. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
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145. Virtually all people diagnosed with exhibitionism are . a. shy men c. aggressive men b. shy women d. aggressive women ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
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785
146. The word "fetish" is derived from the Portuguese word meaning a. bizarre c. odd or unusual b. magic charm d. sex object ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
.
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147. A type of paraphilia in which a person uses an inanimate object as a focus of sexual interest and a source of arousal is called . a. frotteurism c. fetishism b. voyeurism d. transvestic fetishism ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
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148. Larry suffers from recurrent, powerful sexual urges and fantasies involving women's shoes. He might be diagnosed with . a. frotteurism c. fetishism b. voyeurism d. transvestic fetishism ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied
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149. In many cases, the origin of many fetishes can be traced to . a. early childhood c. late adolescence b. early adolescence d. early adulthood ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
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150. According to one research study noted in the textbook, most rubber fetishists recall first experiencing a fetishistic attraction to rubber between the ages of . a. 1 and 4 c. 10 and 16 b. 4 and 10 d. 16 and 22 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
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151. Louie suffers from recurrent, powerful sexual urges and related fantasies involving cross-dressing. He is sexually excited by dressing in his wife’s clothing and often masturbates while fantasizing that he is Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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stroking his wife. His disorder is a. frotteurism b. transsexualism ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied
. c. d.
fetishism transvestic fetishism
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152. Which of the following would be a reason that a gay man or transgender individual would cross-dress? a. To make a statement about overly rigid gender roles b. To anger heterosexuals c. To achieve initial sexual arousal d. To use the clothing to achieve orgasm ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Sill: Conceptual
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153. Statistically, which of the following males is MOST likely to exhibit transvestic fetishism? a. A single, openly gay male who cross dresses to attract a partner b. A single, heterosexual male who is shy, inhibited, and sexually inactive c. A married male who is shy, inhibited, and sexually inactive with his wife d. A married male who is sexually active with his wife ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
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154. Which man is most likely not to be diagnosed with transvestic fetishism? a. A cross-dresser who is sexually stimulated by fantasies that his own body is female b. A female impersonator who cross-dresses for theatrical purposes c. One who masturbates when he cross-dresses d. Men who are turned on by only wearing one particular article of women’s clothing like stockings ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 399
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155. A paraphilia characterized by recurrent sexual urges involving watching unsuspecting others in sexual situations is known as . a. frotteurism c. voyeurism b. exhibitionism d. pedophilia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
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156. Ron suffers from recurrent, powerful sexual urges and related fantasies involving watching unsuspecting people who are naked, undressing, or engaging in sexual activity. He does not seek sexual activity with the person he is watching. The watching itself is what arouses him. His disorder is . a. exhibitionism c. fetishism b. voyeurism d. frotteurism ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied
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157. The main purpose for a voyeur to watch others undress or engage in sexual activity is to a. satisfy sexual curiosity b. prepare to seek sexual activity with the person being watched c. attain sexual excitement d. accumulate material for potential blackmail of the person being watched ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
.
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158. A voyeur usually while engaging in “peeping.” a. uses a telescope b. fantasizes about his girlfriend or wife c. exposes himself d. masturbates ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
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159. A paraphilia characterized by recurrent sexual urges involving bumping or rubbing against nonconsenting others for sexual gratification is known as . a. frotteurism c. pedophilia b. exhibitionism d. voyeurism ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7
Page: 400
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788
Skill: Factual 160. Andrew has recurrent, powerful sexual urges and related fantasies of rubbing against or touching a nonconsenting person. He usually acts on these urges in crowded settings such as buses, subway cars, or elevators. Rubbing against the person is what arouses him. His disorder is . a. partialism c. coprophilia b. exhibitionism d. frotteurism ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied 161. b.
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The term "mashing" refers to what psychologists call . a. pedophilia c. frotteurism transvestic fetishism d. sadism
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
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162. Which of the following is true of frotteurism? a. The coercive aspects of “mashing” another is what is sexually arousing to the frotteurist. b. It generally occurs in quiet, uncrowded places. c. The physical contact that the frotteurist makes is aggressive and sustained. d. The act of physically rubbing against or touching the victim is what is sexually arousing to the frotteurist. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 400
163. A convenient place for a frotteurist to act out his needs would be a. the beach c. a crowded subway b. a college campus d. a movie theatre ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied
.
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164. A paraphilia involving recurrent, powerful sexual urges and related fantasies involving sexual activity with prepubescent children is known as . a. transvestic fetishism c. frotteurism b. pedophilia d. voyeurism ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7
Page: 400
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Skill: Factual 165. Harold has recurrent, powerful sexual urges and related fantasies involving sexual activity with prepubescent children. He is aroused by looking at and fondling children, telling them all the while that he is "educating" them. His disorder is . a. partialism c. necrophilia b. pedophilia d. frotteurism ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3):1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 400
166. To be labeled with pedophilia, a person must be at least a. 12 c. 20 b. 16 d. 24 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
years old.
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167. A person with pedophilia must be an individual of at least 16 years of age and at least than the victim. a. 3 c. 7 b. 5 d. 9 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
years older
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168. Which of the following is true of people with pedophilia? a. When they abuse a child, they usually do it only once before moving on to a new victim. b. They are usually either friends or relatives of the victims' families. c. The person with pedophilia never has children of their own. d. Many people with pedophilia are attracted to animals as well as to children. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 401
169. Which of the following people is MOST likely to have pedophilia? a. A single, young male with a history of violent criminal activity b. A single, elderly male who has never married and is shy, inhibited, and socially unskilled c. A married, young, law-abiding male with no children of his own d. A married, middle-aged, law-abiding male with children of his own ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders
Page: 401
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
790
Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied 170. Most people with pedophilia are in their a. teens or twenties b. twenties or thirties ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
. c. d.
thirties or forties forties or fifties
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171. For to be diagnosed, the person must have equal or greater sexual arousal to prepubescent or early pubescent children than to physically mature individuals. a. voyeurism b. pedophilic disorder c. frotteurism d. fetishism ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 401
172. Which of the following is true of people with pedophilia? a. They typically have a co-existing substance use disorder. b. They are usually married or divorced. c. They are usually in their teens. d. They usually have no children of their own. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 401
173. Evidence based on case studies shows that men with pedophilia tend to have and the relationships . a. fewer romantic relationships than other men; they do have tend to be less satisfying b. as many relationships as normal males; are without notable problems c. more romantic relationships than other men; they do have tend to be less satisfying d. little use for other adults; they do have tend to be less satisfying ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 401
174. During adolescence, those who had been sexually abused tend to be more sexually a. abstinent c. unsophisticated b. anxious d. active ANSWER: D Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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than their peers.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 401
175. The most pronounced gender difference in child victims of sexual abuse is that boys tend to be more and girls tend to be more . a. aggressive; depressed c. forgiving; angry b. extraverted; introverted d. angry; forgiving ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Conceptual 176. a. b.
Page: 402
personality disorder has been linked to childhood sexual abuse. Obsessive compulsive c. Borderline Narcissistic d. Avoidant
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 402
177. The word “masochism” is derived from a. a Latin word meaning self-hate b. a Greek word meaning self-hate ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual 178. Flagellation refers to a. masturbation b. oral sex ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
. c. d.
the name of an Austrian novelist a Hebrew word meaning sexual pain
Page: 402
. c. d.
being fondled being whipped or beaten
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179. Strong recurrent urges and related fantasies related to sexual acts that involve being humiliated or made to suffer are characteristic of . These urges may be acted upon, or may cause significant personal distress. a. sexual sadism c. sexual masochism b. frotteurism d. scatologia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders
Page: 402
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
792
Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual 180. A paraphilia characterized by recurrent, powerful sexual urges and fantasies involving receiving humiliation or pain is known as . a. sexual masochism c. sexual sadism b. exhibitionism d. voyeurism ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 402
181. Roger has recurrent, powerful sexual urges and related fantasies involving being humiliated, bound, flogged, and made to suffer. He cannot attain sexual gratification unless he is suffering pain or humiliation. He is particularly aroused if his partner wears leather while whipping him. His disorder is . a. sexual sadism c. sexual masochism b. frotteurism d. hypoxyphilia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 402
182. A dangerous expression of sexual masochism is deprived of oxygen a. sadism c. b. sadomasochism d. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
, in which participants become aroused by being partialism hypoxyphilia
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183. The most dangerous expression of masochism is . a. necrophilia c. flagellation b. hypoxyphilia d. frotteurism ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 402
184. Boris becomes sexually aroused by depriving himself of oxygen as he approaches orgasm during masturbation. He does this by putting a plastic bag over his head. This extremely risky practice is called . a. necrophilia c. frotteurism b. hypoxyphilia d. scatologia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders
Page: 402
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Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied 185. The word “sadism” is derived from . a. a Latin word meaning hatred of women b. a Greek word meaning hatred of women c. the name of a French writer d. a Hebrew word meaning sexual pain ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 402
186. Carlos enjoys stalking and sexually assaulting nonconsenting victims. He becomes aroused by humiliating them, inflicting pain on them, and watching them suffer. His behavior is most similar to someone with . a. sexual sadism c. sexual masochism b. frotteurism d. hypoxyphilia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 402
187. The mutually gratifying interaction involving both sadistic and masochistic acts is called a. sadism c. sadomasochism b. masochism d. scatologia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
.
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188. Gerald and Elaine like to engage in mutually gratifying sex play in which one of them uses a feather brush to strike the other. No actual pain is administered; it is more the sense of dominating or being dominated that each of them finds gratifying, and they frequently switch roles so that one time Gerald uses the brush on Elaine, and other times Elaine uses the brush on Gerald. Their behavior is typical of . a. sadism c. sadomasochism b. masochism d. scatologia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied 189.
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is a form of paraphilia where the source of arousal is solely focused on one part of the body such as the breasts. a. Klismaphilia b. Partialism c. Anatophilia d. Coprophilia Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 403
190. Hank is sexually aroused by making obscene phone calls. His disorder is telephone a. scatologia c. frotteurism b. klismaphilia d. coprophilia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 403
191. Felix is sexually aroused by fantasies involving sexual contact with corpses. His disorder is a. scatologia c. necrophilia b. klismaphilia d. coprophilia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied
.
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192. Catherine is sexually aroused by having sex with animals. Her disorder is a. pedophilia c. necrophilia b. zoophilia d. klismaphilia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied
.
.
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193. Carol is sexually aroused by having her partner defecate on her during sexual activity. Her disorder is . a. scatologia c. coprophilia b. urophilia d. klismaphilia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 403
194. Santana is sexually aroused by receiving an enema as part of his sexual stimulation. He can only achieve orgasm while receiving the enema. His disorder is . a. scatologia c. coprophilia b. urophilia d. klismaphilia ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders
Page: 403
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Applied 195. Raul is sexually aroused by having his partner urinate on him during sexual activity. His disorder is . a. scatologia c. coprophilia b. urophilia d. klismaphilia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Learning Objective: 10.7 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Skill: Applied
Page: 403
196. Psychodynamic theories see paraphilias as a defense against . a. toilet-training anxiety c. incest memories b. castration anxiety d. parental rejection ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.8 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 403
197. Men with paraphilias have been found to have higher-than-average a. sex drives c. extraversion b. IQ scores d. introversion ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.8 Skill: Factual 198. Men with paraphilias tend to have orgasm by masturbation. a. less; shorter b. less; longer ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.8 Skill: Factual
.
Page: 405
than average sex drives and a c. d.
refractory period after
higher; shorter higher; longer
Page: 405
199. Recently, investigators found they could distinguish men with pedophilia from (non-pedophilic) healthy men with nearly accuracy by examining brain responses, as measured by an fMRI scan, to images of nude children versus nude women. a. 25% c. 75% b. 50% d. 100% ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 405
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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200. The major problem with treating paraphilias is . a. the lack of a cooperating partner b. the absence of effective therapeutic techniques c. little motivation of people with paraphilia to change d. the treatment is expensive and usually takes over a year to be effective ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 406
201. A variation of aversion therapy used to treat sex offenders in the United States is a. systematic desensitization c. aversive shock treatment b. covert sensitization d. orgasmic reconditioning ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
.
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202. Which technique is used by cognitive-behavioral therapists to help eliminate paraphiliac behaviors? a. the empty chair technique c. cognitive monitoring b. flooding d. covert sensitization ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 406
203. Researchers have reported some success in using the drug fetishism. a. lithium c. Prozac b. phenothiazine d. Mellaril ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual 204.
in the treatment of voyeurism and
Page: 407
drugs reduce levels of testosterone in the bloodstream and since the use of them may reduce sexual drives and urges, including urges to sexually offend and related fantasies, they are being investigated as a form of biomedical therapy. a. Xanax c. Antiandrogen b. Barbituate d. Antipsychotic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 407
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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205. About behavior. a. 6 b. 26
percent of adult users of the Internet show evidence of sexual compulsiveness in their online c. d.
46 86
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 404 Topic: Cybersex Addiction – A New Psychological Disorder? Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual 206. Phyllis spends hours every day having online sex with people she meets online. When she has tried to stop her online sex, she suffered withdrawal symptoms. Phyllis probably suffers from a new type of disorder called . a. sexual compulsivity syndrome c. trichotillomania b. cybersex addiction d. cyberporn habituation syndrome ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 404 Topic: Cybersex Addiction – A New Psychological Disorder? Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Applied 207. Experts compare computer sex addiction to . a. drug addiction b. spending too much time talking on the cell phone c. watching R-rated movies d. reading the same comic strips in the paper every day ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 404 Topic: Cybersex Addiction – A New Psychological Disorder? Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Conceptual 208. Which statement is true about cybersex addiction? a. It is recognized as a diagnostic category in DSM-5. b. Cybersex addicts typically have co-existing personality disorders. c. Cybersex addicts frequently engage in exhibitionism as an alternative to online sexual excitement. d. It arises even in good, secure, relationships with adequate sexual opportunities. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 404 Topic: Cybersex Addiction – A New Psychological Disorder? Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual 209. Online sexual addiction results in a. neither tolerance nor withdrawal b. tolerance but not withdrawal
. c. d.
withdrawal, but not tolerance both tolerance and withdrawal
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 404 Topic: Cybersex Addiction – A New Psychological Disorder? Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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210. Among rape victims, emotional distress tends to peak about three a. hours c. weeks b. days d. months ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
after the attack.
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211. Among rape victims, emotional distress peaks at roughly after the assault and remains high for about a before beginning to decline. a. day; month c. three weeks; month b. week; month d. one month; year ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual 212. About a. 1 to 3 b. 5 to10
Page: 410
percent of men become victims of rape at some point in their life. c. 20 d. 30
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 410
213. Best estimates indicate that about rape during their lifetimes. a. 1 in 5 b. 1 in 8 ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual 214. Females aged a. 8 to 16 b. 11 to 24
a. b.
c. d.
1 in 12 1 in 16
Page: 408
stand the greatest risk of being raped. c. 24 to 32 d. 32 to 40
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual 215.
women in the United States are raped or experience an attempted
Page: 408
is a kind of acquaintance rape. A hook-up Date rape Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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c. d.
Alcohol-induced sex Rough sex
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 410
216. Some men who rape on a date believe that women who resist advances are . a. playing out a masochistic fantasy b. attempting to control the relationship c. simply trying not to look “easy” d. conforming to outdated sexual roles in which the woman is dominated by the male ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 410
217. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, about five in six rapes in the United States are a. stranger c. acquaintance b. gang d. violent ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
rapes.
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218. Men who are educated and accepting of traditional stereotypes about relationships between men and women are less likely to commit marital rape. a. less; less c. less; more b. more; less d. more; more ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 410
219. Most men who engage in raping other men are a. drunk c. b. homosexual d. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
. motivated by sexual desire heterosexual
Page: 410
220. The authors of the text argue that a major basis for sexual violence against women is a. the socialization of aggression in men b. the vast amount of sex currently portrayed on television and the Internet c. father absence from the household of children due to the high divorce rate Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
800
.
d.
the heavy use of alcohol by men on college campuses
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 411
221. Which of the following is a fact rather than an inaccurate cultural myth about rape? a. Rape is a crime of violence, not passion or sexual desire. b. Rape usually results from a misunderstanding that gets out of hand. c. Women secretly want to be overpowered by men. d. If a woman initiates touching or petting with a man, it’s her own fault if things go too far. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 408
True-False Questions 222. For most people, gender identity is consistent with their physical or genetic sex. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 379 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Disorder Learning Objective: 10.1 Skill: Factual 223. Gender dysphoria typically begins in adolescence. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 380 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Disorder Learning Objective: 10.1 Skill: Factual 224. Estimates about the frequency of gender dysphoria in the US are readily available and accurate. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 380 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Disorder Learning Objective: 10.1 Skill: Factual 225. A DSM-5 diagnosis of gender dysphoria requires completion of gender reassignment surgery. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 380 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Disorder Learning Objective: 10.1 Skill: Factual 226. Gay males and lesbians have a gender identity of the opposite sex. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
801
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 380 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Disorder Learning Objective: 10.1 Skill: Factual 227. Gender identity is virtually identical to sexual orientation. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 380 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Disorder Learning Objective: 10.1 Skill: Factual 228. A transsexual is someone who enjoys cross-dressing. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 382 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Disorder Learning Objective: 10.2 Skill: Factual 229. Gender reassignment surgery tends to have better outcomes in the cases of females who become males. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 381 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Disorder Learning Objective: 10.2 Skill: Factual 230. Many transgender individuals do not warrant a diagnosis of gender dysphoria, as they show no evidence of significant distress or impairment in daily functioning needed to meet diagnostic criteria. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 381 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Disorder Learning Objective: 10.2 Skill: Factual 231. In the DSM system, there has been consensus to classify transgender identity as a mental disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 381 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Disorder Learning Objective: 10.2 Skill: Factual 232. With regard to the gender dysphoria, critics of the present diagnostic system contend that much of the distress that transgender children experience comes from difficulties getting along with other kids and being accepted by them, not from their gender identity per se. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 381 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Disorder Learning Objective: 10.2 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
802
Skill: Factual 233. The development of transgender identity may result from the effects of male sexual hormones on the developing brain during prenatal development. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 383 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Disorder Learning Objective: 10.3 Skill: Factual 234. Researchers have found subtle differences in the brains of transgender people but do not yet know the implications of those differences. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 383 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Disorder Learning Objective: 10.3 Skill: Factual 235. The majority of people with the types of family histories which behavioral and psychodynamic theorists say predict gender dysphoria, actually do develop the disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 383 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Disorder Learning Objective: 10.3 Skill: Factual 236. Fortunately, sexual dysfunctions are relatively rare. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 384
237. A recent worldwide review estimated that sexual dysfunctions affect 40% to 45% of adult women. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 384
238. A recent worldwide review estimated that sexual dysfunctions affect 80% to 85% of adult men. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 384
239. Men are most likely to report reaching orgasm too quickly when they reveal a sexual dysfunction. ANSWER: T Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
803
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 384
240. Women are most likely to report vaginismus when they reveal a sexual dysfunction. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 384
241. Despite the fact that sexual dysfunctions are believed to be widespread, relatively few people seek treatment for these problems. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 384
242. Upwards of 30% of men across studies report problems with rapid ejaculation. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 384
243. Erectile disorder equally affects men across their lifespans. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 384
244. Some researchers argue that labeling a lack of sexual desire in women as a dysfunction imposes on women a male model of what should be normal. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 385
245. Problems with sexual arousal in men typically take the form of failure to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient to engage in sexual activity through completion. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 385
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
804
246. Men with persistent erectile difficulties may be diagnosed with erectile disorder (ED). ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 386
247. Approximately 90% of men in the 40- to 70-year age range experience some degree of erectile dysfunction (Saigal, 2004). ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 386
248. The vagina, not the clitoris, is the woman's most erotically sensitive organ. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 386
249. Occasional experiences of rapid ejaculation, such as when the man is with a new partner, has had infrequent sexual contacts, or is very highly aroused, are considered abnormal. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 386
250. Vaginismus is a conditioned reflex related to overly sensitive vaginal muscles. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 387
251. Men with performance anxiety may have difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection or may ejaculate prematurely. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 387
252. Unlike men, women do not get performance anxiety when they are being sexual. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions
Page: 387
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
805
Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual 253. In Western cultures, the connection between a man's sexual performance and his sense of manhood is deeply ingrained. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 388
254. Women may equate their self-esteem with their ability to reach frequent and intense orgasms during sexual activity. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 389
255. Irrational beliefs and attitudes can contribute to sexual dysfunctions. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 389
256. The strain of a troubled relationship can take a toll on sexual desire, as can other stressful life events. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 389
257. Only men produce testosterone in their bodies. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 390
258. Antidepressant and antipsychotic medication can impair erectile functioning and cause orgasmic disorders ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 391
259. About one in three women who use selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants such as Zoloft or Paxil experience impaired orgasmic response or complete lack of orgasm.
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ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 391
260. The Harvard School of Public Health found that erectile dysfunction was associated with having a large waist. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 391
261. Regular exercise may reduce the risk of erectile dysfunction. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 391
262. Drugs such as heroin and morphine tend to increase sexual desire and sexual arousal. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 391
263. Many sexual dysfunctions are linked to restricted sociocultural beliefs and sexual taboos. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 392
264. Until the research of the sex researchers Masters and Johnson in the 1960s, there was no effective treatment for most sexual dysfunctions. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 392
265. Masturbation is not an effective direct treatment for helping women with disorders of orgasm achieve orgasm. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 393
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266. Investigators are exploring biomedical therapies for female sexual dysfunctions, including use of erectile dysfunction (ED) drugs such as Viagra. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 395
267. The most widely used behavioral approach to treating premature (early) ejaculation was introduced in 1956 by a urologist named Semans. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 395
268. The presence of paraphilia is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for a diagnosis of a paraphilic disorder. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 396
269. Paraphilic disorders are almost never diagnosed in women. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 397
270. Fetishism and transvestic fetishism are usually harmless and victimless. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 398
271. Exhibitionists are usually interested in sexual contact with their victims. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 397
272. A national survey found that about 11% of men and 35% of women reported exposing their genitals for purposes of sexual arousal (Murphy & Page, 2008). ANSWER: F Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 397
273. Exhibitionism is almost exclusively limited to males. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 397
274. Exhibitionism is almost exclusively limited to unmarried males in their late 60s. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 397
275. Wearing revealing bathing suits is a form of exhibitionism. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 397
276. Professional strippers are considered exhibitionists according to clinical criteria. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 397
277. Fetishists experience sexual gratification by masturbating while rubbing, fondling, or even smelling the object of their fetish. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 398
278. Most transvestites are married and engage in sexual activities with their wives. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 399
279. Most transvestites are gay males who want to be women.
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ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 399
280. The transvestic man typically cross-dresses in private and imagines himself to be a woman whom he is stroking as he masturbates. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 399
281. Watching your partner disrobe or viewing an explicit movie are not forms of voyeurism. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 399
282. The voyeur usually masturbates while watching or while fantasizing about watching. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 400
283. The chief feature of the paraphilia of frotteurism is recurrent, powerful sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors in which a person becomes sexually aroused by rubbing against or touching popcorn. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 400
284. Most cases of pedophilia involve "dirty old men" who hang around schoolyards in raincoats. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 401
285. A recent review of existing research showed that nearly 8% of adult males and nearly 20% of adult females reported some form of sexual abuse before the age of 18 (Pereda et al., 2009). ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 401
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286. Abused children rarely become sexually active or promiscuous in adolescence. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 402
287. Some people cannot become sexually aroused unless they are subjected to pain or humiliation by others. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 402
288. Hypoxyphilia is generally not dangerous when done correctly. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 402
289. Some people cannot become sexually aroused unless they are inflicting pain or humiliation upon others. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 403
290. Sadomasochism refers to a practice of mutually gratifying sexual interactions involving both sadistic and masochistic acts. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 403
291. A person suffering from klismaphilia has sexual urges or fantasies involving contact with corpses. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 403
292. A person suffering from necrophilia has sexual urges or fantasies involving contact with feces. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7
Page: 403
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Skill: Factual 293. A person suffering from urophilia has sexual urges or fantasies involving contact with urine. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 403
294. The meaning of the arousing stimulus is not important in the development of sexual fetishes. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 405
295. A major problem in treating paraphilias is that many of the people who have them do not want to change. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 406
296. People with paraphilias usually do not want, nor do they seek, voluntary treatment. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 406
297. There is a dearth of controlled investigations to support the efficacy of psychodynamic treatments for paraphilic disorders. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 406
298. An antidepressant drug has been shown to be useful in treating sexual fetishes. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 407
299. There is currently no medical cure for any of the paraphilias. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders
Page: 407
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Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual 300. Rape is classified as a mental disorder in the DSM. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 409
301. Most rapes in the United States are committed by strangers. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 408
302. Only about one quarter of women in a large-scale national college survey who were sexually assaulted viewed themselves as victims of rape. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 408
303. Most men who rape other men are driven by sexual needs. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 410
304. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) has identified a particular rapist profile based on a set of personality traits. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 409
305. College men are more likely than college women to believe rape myths. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 410
306. Socialization of young men plays an important role in creating a climate of sexual aggression in which rapes occur.
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ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 411
307. If a woman initiates touching with a man, it’s her own fault if things go too far. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 411
308. One to three percent of men at some point in their lives become victims of rape. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 410
309. Investigators report that 1% to 4% of married women suffer marital rape (Martin, Taft, & Resick, 2007). ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 410
310. If a woman has too much to drink at a party, it’s her fault if men take advantage of her. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 411
Essay Questions 311. Describe the reasons why people are challenging the practice of classifying transgender identity in the DSM as a mental disorder. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 381 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Disorder Learning Objective: 10.2 Skill: Conceptual 312. Describe the process of sex reassignment and discuss its success. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 381 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Disorder Learning Objective: 10.2 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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313. Describe gender dysphoria, and discuss the various theoretical perspectives on it. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 383 Topic: Gender Dysphoria Disorder Learning Objective: 10.3 Skill: Conceptual 314. Define and describe the features of the various sexual dysfunctions. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Disorders Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 384
315. Summarize the characteristics of and research findings on disorders of interest and arousal. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Disorders Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 385
316. Describe the debate sex researchers continue to have with regard to defining sexual dysfunctions, especially in women. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Disorders Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 385
317. Summarize the characteristics of and research findings on disorders involving problems with orgasmic response. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Sexual Disorders Learning Objective: 10.4 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 386
318. What do the major contemporary psychological views of sexual dysfunctions emphasize as to the causes of sexual dysfunction? Discuss three pathways to dysfunction presented in the text. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Disorders Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 387
319. Discuss the role of learning skills in terms of sexual performance and satisfaction. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Sexual Disorders Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 389
320. According to Ellis, underlying irrational beliefs and attitudes can contribute to sexual dysfunctions. Describe what these beliefs are and how they develop.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Sexual Disorders Learning Objective: 10.5 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 389
321. Describe the methods used to treat the various sexual dysfunctions. Pay close attention to sharing these methods in a historical context. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.6 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 392
322. Define and describe the features of various paraphilias. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 397
323. Summarize the characteristics of and research findings on exhibitionism. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 397
324. Summarize the characteristics of and research findings on fetishism and tranvestism. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 398
325. Summarize the characteristics of and research findings on voyeurism. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 399
326. Summarize the characteristics of and research findings on frotteurism. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 400
327. Summarize the characteristics of and research findings on pedophilia. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 400
328. Describe the effects of sexual abuse on children, and how those effects may differ between younger and Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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older children. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 401
329. How would normal sex role play with sadomasochistic themes differ from that which would warrant a clinical diagnosis of sexual masochism disorder or sexual sadism disorder? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.7 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 403
330. How do psychodynamic theorists describe the development of paraphilias? How do psychodynamic theorists explain genital exhibitionism? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.8 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 403
331. What biologic differences have been noted between men with paraphilias and those without paraphilias. Focus on the research evaluating refractory periods and brain wave pattern analysis. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.8 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 405
332. Should cybersex addiction become a formal diagnosis? Explain the basis. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.8 Skill: Applied
Page: 404
333. Discuss how social attitudes and myths about rape contribute to the high incidence of rape. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Paraphilic Disorders Learning Objective: 10.9 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 411
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REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS EOC Q10.1 Gay males and lesbians have erotic interests in members of their own sex but their gender identity is consistent with their anatomic sex, and thus gender identity should not be confused with . a) b) c) d)
sex roles anatomic sex sexual orientation identity disorders
Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the key features of gender dysphoria and explain the difference between gender dysphoria and homosexuality. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q10.2 Men seeking sex reassignment outnumber women by about a) b) c) d)
.
2 to 1 3 to 1 5 to 1 10 to 1
Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.2 Evaluate psychological outcomes of sex reassignment surgery. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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EOC Q10.3 Alanza has a activity. a) b) c) d)
sexual dysfunction as it occurs every time she engages in sexual
situational complete generalized permanent
Answer: c Learning Objective: Sexual Dysfunctions Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q10.4 Vaginismus is the conditioned response in which penile contact with the woman’s genitals elicits . a) b) c) d)
a decrease in vaginal lubrication an involuntary response of the vaginal muscles an increase in vaginal lubrication an early, involuntary orgasm
Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.4 Define the term sexual dysfunction and identify the three major categories of sexual dysfunctions and the specific disorders within each type. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q10.5 The factors of having a large waist, physical inactivity, and drinking too much alcohol have all been found to contribute to erectile dysfunction. What is the best explanation of the common link between these factors? a) b) c) d)
sociocultural factors high levels of cholesterol high levels of anxiety a loss of nerve impulses
Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.5 Describe causal factors involved in sexual dysfunctions. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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EOC Q10.6 In women, the loss of a) b) c) d)
may reduce sexual response or interest.
melatonin testosterone ceritonin GABA
Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.5 Describe causal factors involved in sexual dysfunctions. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q10.7 A couple struggling with sexual dysfunction might begin a treatment program by first becoming comfortable being naked together without touching, followed by nongenital, nondemanding touching exercises, which is a technique called . a) b) c) d)
inhabitation reduction sessions self-stimulation training sensate focus exercises habituation training
Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.6 Describe methods used to treat sexual dysfunctions. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q10.8 Who introduced the stop-start (or stop-and-go) technique, the most widely used behavioral approach to treating premature ejaculation? a) b) c) d)
Virginia Johnson and Richard Masters James Semans Hannah Farber and Alex Masters Susan Keefe-Cooperman
Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.6 Describe methods used to treat sexual dysfunctions. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate
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820
EOC Q10.9 Stephen is a heterosexual man who dresses in women’s clothing because it arouses him sexually. He is demonstrating . a) b) c) d)
gender confusion disorder GID transvestism cross-dressers’ syndrome
Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.7 Define the term paraphilia and identify the major types. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q10.10 is a form of sexual masochism in which participants become sexually aroused by being deprived of oxygen—for example, by using a noose, plastic bag, chemical, or pressure on the chest during a sexual act. a) b) c) d)
Carbon dioxide paraphilia Oxyphilia Hyperxyphilia Hypoxyphilia
Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.7 Define the term paraphilia and identify the major types. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q10.11 Dwayne is sexually gratified by watching neighborhood women through their windows as they undress. They never know he is there, and he never approaches them. According to the DSM-5, Dwayne’s behavior would suggest a diagnosis of . a) b) c) d)
atypical sexual dysfunction voyeurism exhibitionism sexual predator disorder
Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.7 Define the term paraphilia and identify the major types. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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EOC Q10.12 Biological investigators have found evidence that men with paraphilias might have higher-thanaverage sex drives, given their shorter _ after masturbation. a) b) c) d)
hypoactive period refractory period volatile phase post-coital phase
Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.8 Describe theoretical perspectives on paraphilias. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q10.13 Hector’s therapist is hoping that is going to help treat his pedophilia. The therapist is going to pair the unpleasant smell of ammonia with sexual stimuli of children in the hope that Hector will develop a conditioned negative reaction to thinking of children in sexual ways. a) b) c) d)
psychodynamic theory aversive therapy reinforcement therapy social skills training
Answer: b Learning Objective: 10.9 Identify methods for treating paraphilic disorders. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q10.14 view rape as an expression of men’s need to dominate and degrade women and to maintain power over them. a) b) c) d)
Behaviorists Sociologists Humanists Feminists
Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.9 Identify methods for treating paraphilic disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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822
EOC Q10.15 Cognitive-behavioral treatments of paraphilias include a number of specific techniques, such as aversive conditioning, , and social skills training. a) b) c) d)
mindfulness training mood stabilization covert sensitization biochemical therapy
Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.9 Identify methods for treating paraphilic disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q10.1.1 People with have the psychological sense of belonging to one gender while possessing the sexual organs of the other. a) b) c) d)
pansexualism heterogeneous identity gender dysphoria transgender identity
Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the key features of gender dysphoria and explain the difference between gender dysphoria and homosexuality. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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823
EOM Q10.1.2 A clinical diagnosis of gender dysphoria in childhood includes: preference for playmates of the opposite sex, participation in activities considered stereotypical of the other sex, preference for wearing clothing stereotypical of the other sex, and . a) b) c) d)
desire for gender reassignment surgery displays of aggression towards the same sex strong feelings of disgust and personal distress about one’s sexual anatomy ambiguous sexual anatomy
Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the key features of gender dysphoria and explain the difference between gender dysphoria and homosexuality. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q10.1.3 What is the name of the procedure in which surgeons attempt to construct external genital organs that closely resemble those of the opposite sex? a) b) c) d)
gender replacement surgery transgender replacement surgery gender reassignment surgery sex reassignment surgery
Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.2 Evaluate psychological outcomes of sex reassignment surgery. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q10.1.4 According to _ theorists, John is transgender because of an extremely close mother– son relationship and an absent father. a) b) c) d)
cognitive biological humanistic psychodynamic
Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.3 Describe major theoretical perspectives on transgender identity. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
824
EOM Q10.1.5 Dr. Roh believes that transgender identity is more likely for children who are raised by parents who had wanted children of the other gender and who strongly encourage cross-gender dressing and patterns of play. Dr. Roh is most likely a theorist. a) b) c) d)
learning cognitive humanistic psychodynamic
Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.3 Describe major theoretical perspectives on transgender identity. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q10.2.1 Male erectile disorder, or ED, is included in which category of sexual disorder? a) b) c) d)
disorders of interest or arousal sexual aversion disorders genito-pelvic pain disorders orgasm disorders
Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.4 Define the term sexual dysfunction and identify the three major categories of sexual dysfunctions and the specific disorders within each type. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q10.2.2 Increased availability in the brain of the neurotransmitter often has a side effect of delaying ejaculation and can sometimes be helpful in treating men with premature (early) ejaculation. a) b) c) d)
adenosine melatonin epinephrine serotonin
Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.6 Describe methods used to treat sexual dysfunctions. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
825
EOM Q10.2.3 The Hispanic idealization of the cultural stereotype may be a factor in female sexual dysfunctions since it promotes the idea that woman “suffer in silence” while submitting to the needs of the husband. a) b) c) d)
machismo two-spirit marianismo dhat
Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.5 Describe causal factors involved in sexual dysfunctions. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q10.2.4 Which class of drugs can reduce sexual desire and impair sexual arousal? a) b) c) d)
antibiotics decongestants depressants anti-inflammatory
Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.5 Describe causal factors involved in sexual dysfunctions. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q10.2.5 Shana does not have sexual fantasies and has a general lack of sexual interest. Additionally, she reports few if any genital sensations during sexual activity. Shana is likely to have a disorder. a) b) c) d)
female sexual interest/arousal hyperactive sexual aversion female sexual phobia hyperactive sexual desire
Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.4 Define the term sexual dysfunction and identify the three major categories of sexual dysfunctions and the specific disorders within each type. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
826
EOM Q10.3.1 David suffers from exhibitionism and is unable to control his impulse to expose himself. Although aroused and sexually gratified when he exposes himself, he later feels remorse and is fearful he will be arrested. According to the DSM-5, David’s diagnosis would suggest that he has a disorder. a) b) c) d)
paraphilic sexual violence predator fetish
Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.7 Define the term paraphilia and identify the major types. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q10.3.2 is a type of paraphilia in which a person uses an inanimate object as a focus of sexual interest and source of sexual arousal. a) b) c) d)
Fetishism Object-subject disorder Displacement syndrome Frotteurism
Answer: a Learning Objective: 10.7 Define the term paraphilia and identify the major types. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q10.3.3 A theorist from which perspective would view paraphilias as the inadvertent pairing between some object or activity with sexual arousal, which then causes the object to elicit sexual arousal? a) b) c) d)
cognitive theory biological theory psychodynamic theory learning theory
Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.8 Describe theoretical perspectives on paraphilias. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
827
EOM Q10.3.4 Since testosterone energizes sex drives, the use of may help lower urges to sexually offend since it lowers levels of testosterone in the bloodstream. a) b) c) d)
Viagra acetaminophen estrogen antiandrogen drugs
Answer: d Learning Objective: 10.9 Identify methods for treating paraphilic disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q10.3.5 According to the U.S. Department of Justice, about five in six rapes are rapes. Even if a police report is filed, this type of rape may be treated as a “misunderstanding” or “lovers’ quarrel,” rather than a violent crime. a) b) c) d)
stranger drug and alcohol related acquaintance revenge
Answer: c Learning Objective: 10.9 Identify methods for treating paraphilic disorders. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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828
Total Assessment Guide Topic Learning Objective 11.1
Multiple Choice True-False
Learning Objective 11.2
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Essay Learning Objective 11.3
Multiple Choice
True-False
Factual 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240 327 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 48, 49, 50, 53, 55, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 87, 88, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 106, 107, 108 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335 110, 111, 116, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163, 165, 167, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 178, 179 180, 182 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300,
Conceptual 4
Applied 2, 7, 9, 11, 12
66, 76, 94
29, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 51, 52, 54, 56, 57, 60, 67, 83, 84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 104, 105, 109
112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 134, 164, 168, 171, 175, 181, 183
118, 120, 161, 166
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
829
Topic
Learning Objective 11.4
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 11.5
Learning Objective 11.6
Learning Objective 11.7
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
318
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
319
True-False
Learning Objective 11.8
Factual 301, 302, 303, 304, 305 338, 339 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 199, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317 340, 341, 342, 343 213, 215, 217
Applied
336 197, 198, 210, 211, 212, 214
337 191, 202
214
216
344 218
219, 220, 222, 228, 230 320, 321, 322, 323, 324
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay
Conceptual
344 224
345 232
221, 223, 225, 226, 227, 229
231
325, 326 346
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830
11 Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Multiple-Choice Questions 1.
The most frequent age of onset for schizophrenia is . a. the latency period c. late adolescence or early adulthood b. right after puberty d. mid-20s to early 30s ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual
2.
Lori Schiller, the high school senior who suffered from schizophrenia, as the first significant symptom of her disorder. a. heard voices c. withdrew from other people b. experienced delusions of persecution d. had a fight with another girl ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Applied
3.
.
Page: 416
The clinical syndrome that best corresponds to popular conceptions of "madness" or "lunacy" is a. dissociative identity disorder c. antisocial personality b. bipolar affective disorder d. schizophrenia ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Conceptual
5.
Page: 416
Perhaps the most puzzling and disabling of all the mental disorders is a. panic disorder c. depression b. schizophrenia d. antisocial personality ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual
4.
Page: 416
Page: 416
Schizophrenia is a disorder that affects a. temporary; a small part c. b. temporary; every aspect d.
of a person’s life. chronic; a small part chronic; every aspect
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831
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual 6.
In most cases, schizophrenia develops a. overnight b. rapidly when a person is in their 60s ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual
7.
c. d.
in a slow gradual fashion starting in late adolescence in early childhood
Page: 416
Page: 416
Someone experiencing a (n) _ onset of schizophrenic symptoms typically has symptoms that occur suddenly, often within a few weeks or months, and who appears to have been well adjusted and shown few signs of behavioral disturbance. a. chronic c. acute b. onset d. steady-state ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual
9.
.
Angela is hospitalized after a suicide attempt. In the hospital, she spends all of her time drawing sketches of fantastic goblins and monsters whom she calls "hellsmen." She claims that these "hellsmen" talk to her and, in fact, ordered her to make her suicide attempt. Often, she seems to be talking to invisible persons in the room and following orders from some unseen source. Her disorder is most likely . a. schizophrenia c. bipolar affective disorder b. dissociative identity disorder d. schizoid personality ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Applied
8.
Page: 416
Page: 416
Phyllis’s behavior is characterized by waning interest in social activities. She has slowly been becoming more remote in her interactions with the world. She just can't seem to keep up with her daily responsibilities. She can't even find the time to bathe or change her clothes regularly. At times she rambles off incoherently when talking to her friends. Her behavior is typical of someone in the phase of schizophrenia. a. residual c. chronic b. acute d. prodromal ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Applied
Page: 417
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832
10.
The phase of schizophrenia marked by a slow, steady deterioration and gradual decline in function before clear-cut psychotic behaviors emerge is called the phase. a. residual c. chronic b. acute d. prodromal ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual
11.
Tracy has schizophrenia. Prior to the rapid onset of symptoms, Tracy was a first-year college student at a local liberal arts college where she was active and involved in the residence life community. Her behavior suddenly became characterized by hallucinations, delusions, talking to herself in the dining hall and classes. She has stopped bathing and does not changes her clothes. The description of Tracy’s behavior suggests that she was experiencing the phase of schizophrenia. a. residual c. chronic b. acute d. prodromal ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Applied
12.
Page: 417
During the phase, the person with schizophrenia’s behavior will return to a level where flagrant psychotic symptoms are not present but significant cognitive, social, and emotional deficits are apparent. a. acute c. residual b. prodromal d. chronic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual
14.
Page: 417
Paula has schizophrenia. Her behavior is characterized by difficulties in speaking and thinking clearly, as well as a deep sense of apathy. Although she is not hallucinating or suffering delusions, as she had been a few months previously, she is still having so much difficulty organizing herself to deal with daily tasks that it is nearly impossible for her to live independently. She is in the phase of schizophrenia. a. residual c. chronic b. acute d. prodromal ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Applied
13.
Page: 417
Page: 417
The typical sequence of phases through which schizophrenia progresses is a. prodromal, residual, acute c. acute, residual, prodromal b. acute, prodromal, residual d. prodromal, acute, residual ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia
.
Page: 417
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833
Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual 15.
Which of the following is one of the three phases typical of schizophrenia? a. residual c. chronic b. remitting d. acceleration ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual
16.
After the onset of a schizophrenic episode, a full return to normal behavior a. never occurs c. is common and usually occurs b. is uncommon, but does occur d. always occurs ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual
17. a. b. c. d.
About a. 1 b. 3
Page: 418
About a. 2 b. 8
Page: 418
percent of Americans warrant a diagnosis of schizophrenia at some point in their lives. c. 5 d. 7
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual 19.
.
have a slightly higher risk of developing schizophrenia and also tend to develop the disorder at a(n) age. Women; earlier Men; later Women; later Men; earlier
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual 18.
Page: 417
Page: 418
million people in the United States suffer from schizophrenia c. 4 d. 10
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 418
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
834
20.
Approximately a. 100,000 b. 1 million
people are treated for schizophrenia in the United States each year. c. 5 million d. 8 million
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual 21.
In men, the most common age of onset for schizophrenia is between a. 12 and 18 c. 21 and 25 b. 18 and 20 d. 35 and 45 ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
22.
Women tend to develop schizophrenia men. a. earlier, less b. later, less ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
24.
.
Page: 418
and have a c. d.
severe course of the disorder than do
earlier, more later, more
Page: 418
Men with schizophrenia differ from women with the disorder in which of the following ways? a. Men have a later age of onset of the disorder than females. b. Men have fewer cognitive impairments than females. c. Men exhibit more affective qualities such as depression more often than females. d. Men exhibit a poorer response to drug therapy than females. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
25.
.
Page: 418
In women, the most common age of onset for schizophrenia is between a. 12 and 18 c. 25 and 29 b. 18 and 25 d. 35 and 45 ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
23.
Page: 418
Page: 418
Which of the following statements is true when comparing women with schizophrenia to men with the disorder? a. Women exhibit a poorer response to drug therapy than men. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
835
b. c. d.
Women exhibit more behavioral deficits than men. Women exhibit a better history of adjustment than men prior to exhibiting the disorder. Women demonstrate more cognitive impairments than men.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual 26.
Compared to women, men have a a. significantly lower b. slightly lower ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
27.
According to your text, Western cultures. a. auditory b. visual ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
29.
Page: 418
functioning before the onset of the disorder and have a lower; more higher; more
Page: 418
hallucinations are more common in some non-Western cultures than in c. d.
tactile olfactory
Page: 419
Malcolm is a 20-year-old African college student who is hospitalized for acute schizophrenia. Because he is from a non-Western culture, he is more likely to experience than acute schizophrenics in the United States. a. social withdrawal c. muteness b. visual hallucinations d. delusions of grandeur ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
30.
risk of developing schizophrenia. c. slightly higher d. significantly higher
Compared to men, women tend to achieve a severe course of the disorder. a. lower; less c. b. higher; less d. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
28.
Page: 418
Schizophrenia is a a. temporary; narrow
Page: 419
disorder that affects a range of psychological processes. c. pervasive; narrow
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836
b.
temporary; wide
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual 31.
Page: 419
Page: 420
symptoms of schizophrenia represent behavioral deficiencies such as social withdrawal, poverty of speech and thought, flattened affect, and psychomotor retardation. a. Primary c. Positive b. Secondary d. Negative ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
35.
Page: 419
symptoms of schizophrenia represent the more flagrant symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and thought disorder. a. Primary c. Positive b. Secondary d. Negative ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
34.
Page: 419
Which of the following are the cardinal symptoms of schizophrenia of which at least one must be present for a diagnosis in the DSM-5? a. Delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech b. Catatonia, disturbances of volition, and loss of appetite c. Waxy flexibility, catatonia, and loss of sensory sensations d. Reduced sensation, catatonic behavior, and loss of ego boundaries ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
33.
pervasive; wide
The diagnosis of schizophrenia in the DSM-5 requires that at least features of the disorder be present and that at least of these features should include the cardinal symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech. a. five; three c. three; two b. four; two d. two; one ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
32.
d.
Page: 420
The diagnosis of schizophrenia requires that signs of the disorder are present continuously for at least Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
837
months. a. 3 b. 6
c. d.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual 36.
Page: 421
Hiram believes he is Martin Luther King, Jr. Despite the fact that he is White, he is alive, and he has never been involved in the civil rights movement, he is absolutely convinced that he is Martin Luther King Jr. Hiram's beliefs represent . a. an obsession c. a hallucination b. a compulsion d. a delusion ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
40.
Page: 421
Which of the following is a common type of delusion? a. Acceptance c. Transformative b. Sexual arousal d. Grandeur ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
39.
Page: 420
False beliefs that remain fixed in a person's mind despite their illogical basis and lack of evidence are . a. obsessions c. hallucinations b. compulsions d. delusions ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
38.
Page: 420
The diagnosis for schizophrenia requires that active phase symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized or catatonic behavior must be present a significant amount of the time for at least . a. 1 month c. 6 months b. 3 months d. 9 months ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
37.
9 12
Page: 421
Bob believes that people are spying on him. He claims that the CIA has put a microphone in his dog's stomach so that they can listen to his private conversations. Bob's beliefs represent delusions of . Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
838
a. b.
grandeur persecution
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied 41.
Page: 421
Page: 421
As Ira watches the evening news, he becomes convinced that the news reporters are broadcasting coded information about him to his friends, neighbors, and enemies. Ira's beliefs represent delusions of . a. grandeur c. reference b. persecution d. being controlled ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
44.
Page: 421
Hal believes that his actions are being manipulated by evil demons who are trying to possess his body. He truly believes that when he shot those 14 innocent people at his office it was because the demons, talking to him through his neighbor's cat, made him do it. Hal's beliefs represent delusions of . a. grandeur c. reference b. persecution d. being controlled ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
43.
reference being controlled
Dean believes that people on the street talk about him when he walks by. He also believes that the people on the bus are talking about him when he rides the bus to work. At work, he believes his coworkers standing at the water-cooler are talking about him. Dean's beliefs represent delusions of . a. grandeur c. reference b. persecution d. being controlled ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
42.
c. d.
Page: 421
Warren believes he is Jesus Christ. He is convinced he has returned to pass judgment on the world and offer salvation to true Christians. Despite a complete lack of evidence to support his beliefs, he remains convinced that he is Christ and that he is all-powerful. Warren's beliefs represent delusions of . a. grandeur c. reference b. persecution d. being controlled ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
Page: 421
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839
45.
Matt believes that his thoughts leave his head like a ticker-tape and other people can read his mind if they pass the tape through their heads. His thinking represents delusions. a. thought insertion c. thought withdrawal b. thought broadcasting d. thought distortion ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
46.
Jim believes that his next-door neighbor is capable of flashing her thoughts into his mind whenever she wants to. He says, "I will be sitting in my living room, minding my own business when suddenly my mind is flooded with her thoughts and I cannot get them out of my mind." Jim's beliefs represent delusions. a. thought insertion c. thought withdrawal b. thought broadcasting d. thought transference ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
47.
Page: 421
The breakdown in the organization, processing, and control of thought common in schizophrenia is called a . a. delusion c. thought disorder b. hallucination d. brief psychotic disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
49.
Page: 421
Gary believes that his thoughts are periodically sucked out of his mind by some external force, leaving him disoriented and confused. His beliefs represent delusions. a. thought insertion c. thought withdrawal b. thought broadcasting d. thought distortion ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
48.
Page: 421
Page: 422
Which of the following are signs of a thought disorder? a. Incoherent speech c. Frequent changing of conversational topics b. Rapid speech d. Using the word “ah” a lot ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 422
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840
50.
Poverty of speech, neologisms, and blocking are signs of . a. an affective disorder c. a thought disorder b. a behavioral disorder d. an attention disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
51.
Jose has schizophrenia. His speech patterns are jumbled and disorganized. He strings syllables together nonsensically in meaningless rhymes that are often incoherent to anyone listening. He often mixes real words in with word fragments or non-existent words making it impossible for others to understand what he is talking about. His symptoms are best described as . a. blocking c. perseveration b. looseness of association d. poverty of speech ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
52.
Page: 422
Words that are made up by the speaker and have little or no meaning to others are known as a. clanging c. neologisms b. perseveration d. thought intrusions ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
54.
Page: 422
Jenny has schizophrenia. She speaks coherently, but very slowly and deliberately. Usually there is little useful content in what she speaks, as her utterances tend to be vague and limited. Her symptoms are best described as . a. blocking c. perseveration b. loose association d. poverty of speech ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
53.
Page: 422
.
Page: 422
Keith suffers from schizophrenia. One of his symptoms is that he constantly makes up new words that have little or no meaning to his listeners. When he does this he is engaging in . a. blocking c. neologisms b. clanging d. perseveration ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
Page: 422
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841
55.
Inappropriate but persistent repetition of the same words or train of thought is a. blocking c. neologisms b. clanging d. perseveration ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
56.
Page: 422
People with schizophrenia who tend to string words together because they rhyme or sound alike are engaging in . a. blocking c. neologisms b. clanging d. perseveration ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
59.
Page: 422
Juan suffers from schizophrenia. One of his symptoms is that while talking to others, Juan will string words together on the basis of rhyming, without regard to the meaning of the words. As a result, many of his "clever little poems" lack any comprehensible meaning to his listeners. When Juan does this he is engaging in . a. blocking c. neologisms b. clanging d. perseveration ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
58.
Page: 422
Jess suffers from schizophrenia. One of his symptoms is that while talking to others Jess will inappropriately, but persistently, keep repeating the same words or thoughts over and over again. When he does this he is engaging in . a. blocking c. neologisms b. clanging d. perseveration ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
57.
.
Page: 422
The involuntary, abrupt interruption of speech or thought is known as a. blocking c. neologisms b. clanging d. perseveration ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
.
Page: 422
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842
60.
Melvin suffers from schizophrenia. One of his symptoms is that while talking to others, he will abruptly stop speaking, often in mid-sentence. He complains that he suffers these same types of involuntary interruptions in his thoughts, too. Melvin's symptoms represent . a. blocking c. neologisms b. clanging d. perseveration ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
61.
Which of the following is true of thought disorders? a. Many but not all schizophrenic individuals manifest thought disorder. b. Thought disorder has not been found to exist in normal people. c. Thought disorder has been only been found to exist among schizophrenics. d. Thought disorder among schizophrenic individuals tends to be short-lived and reversible. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
62.
.
Page: 422
Among people with schizophrenia, thought disorder occurs most often during a. the prodromal phase c. the residual phase b. the chronic phase d. acute episodes ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
65.
Page: 422
Thought disorders in people experiencing a manic episode tend to be a. short-lived and reversible c. short-lived but recurrent b. persistent but reversible d. persistent and recurrent ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
64.
Page: 422
Thought disorders in people with schizophrenia tend to be . a. short-lived and reversible c. short-lived but recurrent b. persistent but reversible d. persistent and recurrent ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
63.
Page: 422
.
Page: 422
A person with schizophrenia is said to be a. perseverating
c.
when he or she is acutely sensitive to extraneous sounds. hypervigilant
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
843
b.
clanging
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual 66.
Page: 423
Page: 423
Eye movement dysfunctions appear to involve defects in the brain’s control of a. visual attention b. sensory reduction c. motor control d. attention to pain ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
69.
Page: 423
John is asked to track a dot as it moves across the screen. Rather than the eyes steadily tracking the target, they fall back and then catch up in a jerky fashion. Which of the following common characteristics of people with schizophrenia does John display? a. Movement disorder b. Sensory reduction c. Transduction disorder d. Eye movement dysfunction ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
68.
blocking
People with schizophrenia are noted to have a(n) where their eyes do not steadily track a target but instead fall back and then catch up in a kind of jerky movement. a. eye movement dysfunction b. visual movement disorder c. sensory perception dysfunction d. lethargy transduction ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Conceptual
67.
d.
Page: 423
Researchers suspect that may be a genetic marker for schizophrenia. a. eye movement dysfunctions c. hypervigilance b. thought disorders d. attention deficits ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 423
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844
.
70.
Eye movement dysfunctions have been found to exist among people with a. antisocial personality c. bipolar b. obsessive-compulsive d. conversion ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
71.
Eye movement dysfunction eye movement dysfunctions. a. is; all b. is; not all ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
72.
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unique to schizophrenia and c. d.
people with schizophrenia show
is not; all is not; not all
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Recently, investigators reported a(n) accuracy in discriminating people with schizophrenia from healthy control subjects based on a set of eye movement indicators. a. low b. moderate c. above average d. extremely high ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
73.
disorder.
Page: 423
Brain wave patterns that occur in response to external stimuli like sounds and flashes of light are called . a. alpha waves c. neurological infarctions b. event-related potentials d. delta waves ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
74. a. b. c. d.
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suppress ERPs to repeated stimuli. Neither healthy people nor schizophrenia patients Healthy people, but not schizophrenia patients Schizophrenia patients, but not healthy people Both schizophrenia patients and healthy people
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2
Page: 423
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
845
Skill: Factual 75.
People with schizophrenia exhibit a. sensory deficiency b. sensory numbness ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
76.
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The most common form of perceptual disturbances in schizophrenia are a. obsessions c. compulsions b. delusions d. hallucinations ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
79.
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Compared to others, patients with schizophrenia are able to filter out irrelevant information and able to focus on stimuli in ways that allow them to extract meaningful information from those stimuli. a. less; less c. more; less b. less; more d. more; more ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
78.
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Studies of deficiencies in event-related potentials suggest that schizophrenic individuals would have difficulty in . a. looking someone in the eyes c. recalling names b. filtering out irrelevant stimuli d. remembering faces ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Conceptual
77.
as a result of greater difficulty filtering out distracting stimuli. c. sensory overload d. sensory excitability
.
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Sensory images, perceptions, or disturbances that occur in the absence of external stimuli are called . a. obsessions c. delusions b. compulsions d. hallucinations ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 424
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846
80.
The most common types of hallucinations are a. auditory c. b. visual d. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
81.
Auditory hallucinations occur in about a. 30 b. 50 ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
82.
percent of the cases of schizophrenia. 75 90
Page: 424
Page: 424
Page: 424
Rita has schizophrenia. She persistently complains of tasting mustard, even though there is nothing in her mouth. Her sense of tasting mustard represents a(n) hallucination. a. gustatory c. tactile b. somatic d. olfactory ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
85.
c. d.
Marcy has schizophrenia. She feels like snakes or aliens are crawling around inside her stomach and intestines. Her feelings represent hallucinations. a. gustatory c. tactile b. somatic d. olfactory ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
84.
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Which of the following types of hallucinations is the LEAST common for someone with schizophrenia? a. Auditory c. Somatic b. Tactile d. Visual ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
83.
. tactile olfactory
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Marcy has schizophrenia. She complains of continuously smelling the foul, putrid odor of rotting flesh, even though there is nothing around her that could be generating such an odor. Her complaints represent a(n) hallucination. a. gustatory c. tactile Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
847
b.
somatic
d.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied 86.
Page: 424
Deion has schizophrenia. He often hears voices telling him to run away or to harm others. He feels compelled to do what the voices tell him to do. Deion is experiencing . a. command hallucinations c. hallucinations of reference b. delusions of reference d. delusions of persecution ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
87.
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People having grief-induced hallucinations differentiate them from reality, and people having schizophrenic hallucinations _ differentiate them from reality. a. cannot, cannot c. cannot, can b. can, cannot d. can, can ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
88.
. c. d.
tactile olfactory
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Kim, who is 19, is taken by her friends to the mental health crisis unit after taking a hallucinogenic drug. She says that she is frightened because she thinks that she is seeing flashes of light that her friends are not seeing. The emergency room psychiatrist would be correct to hypothesize that Kim was manifesting . a. an acute schizophrenic episode c. glaucoma b. the manic phase of a bipolar disorder d. a drug-induced hallucination ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
90.
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Drug-induced hallucinations tend to be a. auditory b. visual ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
89.
olfactory
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Lara is taken by her friends to the mental health crisis unit. She suffers from chronic alcoholism but has had no other previous history of mental problems. She says that she is frightened because she believes that bugs are crawling on her skin. The emergency room psychiatrist would be correct to hypothesize that Lara was Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
848
manifesting . a. delirium tremens from alcohol withdrawal b. an acute schizophrenic episode c. the manic phase of a bipolar disorder d. a pseudo-epileptic seizure ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied 91.
Hallucinations seem to be related to abnormalities in the production of a. serotonin c. dopamine b. epinephrine d. acetylcholine ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
92.
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Page: 425
Auditory hallucinations appear to be a form of a. internal, internal c. b. external, internal d. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Conceptual
95.
.
Which of the following appears to be the MOST likely explanation for auditory hallucinations? a. Hallucinogenic drug use c. Projections of the individual’s own internal self-talk b. Uninhibited daytime dreams d. Overly sensitive auditory nerves ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
94.
in the brain.
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Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia patients may represent a. damage to the auditory nerve b. eruption of the id into conscious awareness c. seizure-like activity in the brain d. a type of inner speech ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
93.
Page: 425
speech attributed to internal, external external, external
sources.
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Cognitive-behavior therapists have attempted to train schizophrenic individuals to reattribute their auditory hallucinations to . Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
849
a. b.
the therapists their closest relatives
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual 96.
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Page: 426
Laboratory-based evidence suggests people with schizophrenia experience intense negative emotions and intense positive emotions compared to people without schizophrenia. a. less; less c. less; more b. more; more d. more; less ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
99.
affect.
Which of the following is true of people with schizophrenia? a. They use nonverbal communication effectively. b. They speak with a good deal of prosody. c. Their emotional responses are typified by either inappropriate or blunted affect. d. They have more intense positive emotions than others. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
98.
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Emotional response in schizophrenic individuals is typified by a. flat c. enhanced b. normal d. explosive ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
97.
c. themselves d. their favorite fictional characters
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Which of the following statements is true regarding people with schizophrenia? a. They are very aware of and highly sensitive to the emotions in others. b. They increase their ego boundaries. c. Although they have difficulty returning to the goals they had before a schizophrenic episode, they do not lose their initiative to pursue goal-directed activities. d. They withdraw from social interactions. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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100. The loss of initiative to pursue goal-directed activities in schizophrenics is referred to as Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
850
.
a. b.
amotivational syndrome stalled drive
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
c. d.
disturbance in volition unintentional meandering
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101. A trait of many schizophrenic individuals that precedes the onset of their psychoses is a. creativity c. introversion b. impulsivity d. neatness ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
.
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102. The behavior exhibited by some people with schizophrenia that is characterized by gross disturbances in motor activity is known as . a. paranoid c. catatonia b. residual d. disorganized ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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103. People with schizophrenia who show unusual mannerisms or grimacing, or maintain bizarre strenuous postures for hours are exhibiting . a. residual behaviors c. disorganized behaviors b. paranoid behaviors d. catatonic behaviors ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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104. A.J.'s behavior is characterized by markedly impaired motor activity that slows to a stupor but then switches abruptly into an agitated phase. He sometimes "freezes" in bizarre, uncomfortable-looking postures which he maintains for hours, even as his limbs become stiff and swollen. He acts mute during these periods and displays waxy flexibility. He is best described as displaying behaviors. a. paranoid c. catatonic b. disorganized d. undifferentiated ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
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105. Catatonia was recognized schizophrenia in previous versions of the diagnostic manual. a. as the most serious form of Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
851
b. c. d.
as the only type of as a separate subtype of as the least serious form of
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
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106. The adoption of a fixed posture into which one has been positioned by others is called a. catatonia c. la belle indifference b. waxy flexibility d. autistic paralysis ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
.
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107. Juanita is working in a psychiatric hospital. She places one of her patients with schizophrenia in a position with his hands over his heads. He maintains that position for hours. The patient is most likely displaying which of the following? a. Extreme lethargy disorder c. Drug induced coma b. Waxy flexibility d. Paralysis dysfunction ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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108. Catatonia is more common in people with a. brain damage b. mood disorders ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
c. d.
than with schizophrenia. autism no other disorder
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109. Susan’s brother was recently hospitalized when he was found dancing wildly in the center of a public fountain. Her brother had not slept in five days before being hospitalized. Her brother is now very quiet and maintains the same awkward pose for hours. Susan is adamant that her brother does not have schizophrenia. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely to be assigned to Susan’s brother? a. Schizophrenia b. Bipolar disorder c. Panic disorder d. Generalized anxiety disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Applied
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852
110. Although the underlying causes of schizophrenia remain elusive, they are presumed to involve in combination with influences. a. brain abnormalities; psychological, social, and environmental b. early childhood trauma; bizarre patterns of communication in the family c. brain abnormalities; the use of alcohol during adolescence d. environmental toxins; chronic exposure to lead ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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111. The causes of schizophrenia are generally believed to be . a. exclusively biological in nature b. exclusively psychological in nature c. exclusively social and environmental in nature d. biological, psychological, social, and environmental in nature ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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112. Psychodynamic theory asserts that schizophrenia represents . a. a severe fixation in the anal stage b. failure to adequately resolve the anxiety associated with the Oedipus or Electra complex c. overwhelming of the superego by the ego d. overwhelming of the ego by the id ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Conceptual
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113. According to psychodynamic theory, schizophrenia represents a retreat by the ego to an early period in the stage. a. oral c. genital b. phallic d. anal ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Conceptual
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114. Psychodynamic theory states that schizophrenia represents a regression to a level of functioning known as . a. primary narcissism c. tertiary narcissism b. secondary narcissism d. universal narcissism ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3):2
Page: 428
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853
Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Conceptual 115. According to psychodynamic theory, the period in which the infant has not yet learned that the world and itself are two distinct entities is known as the period of . a. primary narcissism c. tertiary narcissism b. secondary narcissism d. universal narcissism ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Conceptual
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116. Freud’s followers, such as Harry Stack Sullivan, placed in the development of schizophrenia. a. no emphasis on either intrapsychic or interpersonal factors b. more emphasis than Freud on intrapsychic rather than interpersonal factors c. more emphasis than Freud on interpersonal rather than intrapsychic factors d. equally strong emphasis on both interpersonal and intrapsychic factors ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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117. Harry Stack Sullivan (1962) emphasized that impaired mother–child relationships can set the stage for . a. the child to rely on fantasy as a source of comfort b. gradual withdrawal from other people c. the child’s need for nurturance and reassurance from others d. independence and achievement ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Conceptual
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118. Jake is in treatment for schizophrenia. His therapist says that his schizophrenia results from his ego being overwhelmed by primitive, normally unconscious urges and retreating to a pattern of infantile behavior typical of a two-month-old. Jake's therapist is most likely a . a. behavioral therapist c. social learning therapist b. humanistic therapist d. psychodynamic therapist ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Applied
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119. Haughton and Ayllon conditioned a woman with chronic schizophrenia to cling to a broom by a. pairing her sweeping with the sound of a bell b. smiling at her as she swept c. giving her cigarettes as she held the broom Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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.
d.
patting her on the back as she held the broom
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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120. Max is in treatment for schizophrenia. His therapist suggests that much of his schizophrenic behavior was modeled after the behavior of other hospitalized patients and unintentionally rewarded by the hospital staff. Max's therapist is most likely a therapist. a. learning-oriented c. social-cognitive b. humanistic d. psychodynamic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Applied
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121. Evidence for a genetic contribution to the development of schizophrenia is a. nonexistent c. moderate b. weak d. compelling ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
.
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122. Cross-cultural studies from Europe and the United States confirm an increased risk of schizophrenia in people who . a. were sexually abused as children b. were physically abused as children c. have biological relatives with the disorder d. grew up in poverty ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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123. The concordance rate of schizophrenia among identical (monozygotic) twins is about a. 28 c. 68 b. 48 d. 88 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
percent.
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124. The concordance rate of schizophrenia among fraternal (dizygotic) twins is about a. 17 c. 57 b. 37 d. 77 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
855
percent.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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125. Research on genetics and schizophrenia indicates that schizophrenia. a. neither genetics nor environmental factors b. genetics, but not environmental factors c. environmental factors, but not genetics d. both genetics and environmental factors ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
play a significant role in the development of
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126. Adoption studies of schizophrenia have found that schizophrenia when they are raised by normal adoptive parents. a. does not occur among children of schizophrenic biological parents nor children of normal biological parents b. occurs more frequently among children of schizophrenic biological parents than among children of normal biological parents c. occurs more frequently among children of normal biological parents than among children whose parents had schizophrenia d. occurs equally among the children of normal parents and the children whose parents had schizophrenia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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127. A technique comparing the incidence of schizophrenia among children whose parents either had or didn't have schizophrenia, and who were reared by adoptive parents who either had or didn't have schizophrenia, is the study. a. familial c. cross-fostering b. adoption d. cross-sectional ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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128. According to the 1974 Wender study, which used the cross-fostering approach, children were at the greatest risk of developing schizophrenia when they . a. had nonschizophrenic biological parents and were raised by nonschizophrenic adoptive parents b. had nonschizophrenic biological parents and were raised by schizophrenic adoptive parents c. had schizophrenic biological parents no matter what the state of their adoptive parents' mental health d. were raised by schizophrenic adoptive parents no matter what the state of their biological parents' Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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mental health ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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129. Children born to normal parents but raised by schizophrenic adoptive parents are at schizophrenia themselves as children raised by normal parents. a. half the risk c. twice the risk b. just the same risk d. 4 times the risk ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
of developing
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130. Scientists believe that is (are) implicated in the causation of schizophrenia. a. multiple genes b. a single gene that affects dopamine receptor sites c. a single gene that affects both dopamine and serotonin receptor sites d. a single gene that affects both thought and affect ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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131. Scientists have found that the offspring of stand an increased risk of developing schizophrenia and autism, presumably because the sperm of older men are more prone to mutations. a. older fathers b. older mothers c. younger mothers d. younger fathers ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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132. The offspring of older fathers stand an increased risk of developing schizophrenia and autism presumably because which of the following? a. Older men have higher cholesterol b. The sperm of older men are more prone to mutations c. Older men tend to have higher incidence of diabetes d. Older men are more prone to schizophrenia compared to younger men ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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857
133. The prevailing view today about the causes of schizophrenia is the a. single gene c. cognitive behavioral b. social learning d. diathesis-stress ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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134. People with schizophrenia appear to a. produce more estrogen b. produce less epinephrine ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Conceptual 135. Phenothiazines block the action of a. norepinephrine b. serotonin ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
model.
than other people. c. have irregularities in the use of dopamine d. excrete more dopamine in the urine
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. c. d.
dopamine thyroxin
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136. The major source of evidence supporting the dopamine model of schizophrenia comes from observing the effects of . a. neuroleptics c. tricyclics b. barbiturates d. hallucinogenics ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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137. One source of evidence supporting the dopamine model of schizophrenia comes from observing the effects of . a. MAO inhibitors c. amphetamines b. barbiturates d. tricyclics ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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138. High doses of amphetamines produce behavior in normal people that mimics a. asexual behaviors c. disorganized behaviors b. catatonic behaviors d. delusions of paranoia Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
858
of schizophrenia.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual 139. High doses of schizophrenia. a. amphetamines b. barbiturates
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produce behavior in normal people that mimic delusions of paranoia in c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
phenothiazines benzodiazepines
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140. Which of the following is a true statement? a. Amphetamines can cause behavior in normal people that mimics generalized anxiety disorder. b. Some positive symptoms of schizophrenia are associated with decreased dopamine activity. c. Phenothiazines inhibit schizophrenic behavior patterns. d. Autopsies on the brains of schizophrenics show decreased numbers of dopamine receptor sites in certain parts of the brain. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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141. Research evidence indicates that over-reactivity of dopamine receptors may play . a. little or no role in either positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia b. a greater role in the development of positive symptoms than negative symptoms of schizophrenia c. a greater role in the development of negative symptoms than positive symptoms of schizophrenia d. an equal role in the development of both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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142. It appears the of dopamine is associated with in schizophrenia. a. overreactivity; negative symptoms b. underreactivity; negative symptoms c. overreactivity; both positive and negative symptoms d. underreactivity; both positive and negative symptoms ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual 143. It appears that
Page: 431
of dopamine is associated with
in schizophrenia.
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859
a. b. c. d.
overreactivity; positive symptoms underreactivity; positive symptoms overreactivity; both positive and negative symptoms underreactivity; both positive and negative symptoms
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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144. Which of the following neurotransmitters appear to be involved in schizophrenia? a. Glutamate c. Cortisol b. Noradrenaline d. Endorphin ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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145. Evidence for the viral theory of schizophrenia is . a. nonexistent c. strong b. inconclusive d. compelling ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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146. Individuals exposed to the influenza virus during the first trimester of pregnancy are others to develop schizophrenia. a. less c. three times as b. slightly more d. seven times as ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
likely than
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147. According to the text, the most prominent finding of pathology in the brains of schizophrenics is a. an enlarged hippocampus b. an enlarged reticular formation c. a loss of brain tissue d. an enlarged amygdala ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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148. Persons with schizophrenia have a loss of a. white matter
compared to individuals without schizophrenia. c. dendrite per neuron
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.
b.
gray matter
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
d.
axons per neuron
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149. The clearest sign of deterioration of brain tissue in people with schizophrenia is the presence of abnormally enlarged , which are hollow spaces in the brain. a. frontal lobes b. occipital lobes c. interneurons d. ventricles ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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150. One indication of the possible role of prenatal complications in schizophrenia is the finding of an association between and later schizophrenia. a. low birth weight b. high IQ c. amount of crying d. amount of time the baby sleeps ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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151. People with schizophrenia show reduced brain activity in the a. prefrontal cortex c. motor cortex b. hindbrain d. parietal lobes ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
.
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152. The part of the brain that serves as a sort of mental clipboard for holding information needed to guide organized behavior and for regulating attention is the . a. hippocampus c. reticular formation b. amygdala d. prefrontal cortex ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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153. Evidence suggests that disturbances in brain physiology in the
regions of the brain may contribute
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861
to the emotional and cognitive problems seen in schizophrenia. a. hippocampus c. occipital b. prefrontal cortex d. parietal ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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154. Evidence also points to abnormalities in brain circuitry connecting the prefrontal cortex and lower brain structures involved in regulating . a. emotions and memory b. breathing and sleeping c. digestion and respiration d. hearing and seeing ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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155. A since-discarded concept of a cold but overprotective mother who was believed to be capable of causing schizophrenia in her children is known as the . a. communication deviant mother c. double-bind mother b. schizophrenogenic mother d. expressed emotion mother ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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156. The schizophrenogenic mother is best described as . a. schizophrenic herself b. cold, aloof, domineering, and overprotective c. overly nurturing, passive, helpless, and unintelligent d. passive-aggressive, overemotional, hysteric, and negligent ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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157. The idea that schizophrenia results from being raised by a schizophrenogenic mother is a. not supported by research c. strongly supported by research b. partially supported by research d. conclusively supported by research ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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.
158. Which of the following has research linked with an increased risk of schizophrenia? a. Being adopted by parents who have schizophrenia b. Growing up with parents who exhibit communication deviance c. Growing up with a schizophrenogenic mother d. Growing up in a family low in expressed emotion ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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159. The pattern of unclear, vague, disruptive, or fragmented communication that is often seen among parents and family members of schizophrenic patients is known as _ . a. communication deviance c. double-bind communication b. expressed emotion d. schizophrenogenia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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160. The tendency of family members to be hostile, critical, and unsupportive of their schizophrenic family members is known as . a. emotional distancing c. double-bind communication b. expressed emotion d. deviant expression ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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161. Britney's father is frequently critical of her. He is quick to find fault with her and express frequent criticism and hostility. He is prone to telling Britney what she “really” thinks rather than allowing Britney to formulate her own thoughts and feelings. Britney’s father could be described as having: a. low expressed emotion. c. double-bind communication. b. high communication deviance. d. low communication deviance. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Applied
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162. Which of the following is true of expressed emotion in families with a family member with schizophrenia? a. High expressed emotion in relatives is related to a lower rate of relapse. b. High levels of expressed emotion in a family may serve as a buffer for the family member with schizophrenia against outside stressors. c. High expressed emotion in a family is a predictor of the recurrence of schizophrenic episodes. d. Disruptive behavior on the part of a family member with schizophrenia may increase the likelihood of expressed emotion by other family members. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
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Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual 163. High EE families tend to be most prevalent in a. developing countries c. b. industrialized countries d. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual 164.
. religious countries nonreligious countries
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are likely to view the psychotic behavior of a family member with schizophrenia as residing within the person's control. a. Neither Mexican American families with low or high expressed emotion b. Mexican American families with high expressed emotion c. Mexican American families with low expressed emotion d. Mexican American families with high and low expressed emotion ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Conceptual
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165. Among which of the following groups is high EE in family members of schizophrenics associated with a positive outcome? a. Anglo Americans c. African Americans b. Mexican Americans d. None of these groups. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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166. Candace is Anglo American. She has been hospitalized three times for schizophrenia. She has returned to her family after each hospitalization and continued taking medication. However, she relapses after about five months. Her family probably . a. includes a schizophrenogenic mother b. needs to be educated about schizophrenia c. is high in expressed emotion d. includes at least one other schizophrenic at home ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Applied
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167. The evidence that family factors such as negative family interactions can lead to schizophrenia in children who do not have a genetic vulnerability is . a. nonexistent c. strong b. consistent, but weak d. compelling Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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168. The model recognizes the interaction of stress from disturbed family communication with genetic vulnerability in increasing the risk of developing schizophrenia. a. psychodynamic c. family systems b. double-bind d. diathesis-stress ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Conceptual
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169. To many Mexican Americans, a person suffering from schizophrenia is perceived as suffering from . a. nerves c. spiritual possession b. depression d. dissociation ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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170. The Spanish term "Nervios" refers to a wide range of problems that includes which of the following? a. Normal sadness c. Manic episodes b. Autism d. Schizophrenia ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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171. By conceptualizing schizophrenia as "nerves" rather than as "craziness," Mexican Americans may . a. see it as a curable condition, which bears less social stigma and may positively impact on the person's chances of recovery b. not take it as seriously as they should, thus decreasing schizophrenics' long-term chances of recovery c. place themselves and the person at risk by not treating schizophrenic persons before they become violent d. stigmatize traditional males in a way that makes it more difficult for them to recover, as "nerves" is seen as a female disorder and a sign of weakness ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Conceptual
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172. The offspring of mothers who experienced a highly stressful event—the death of a relative—during the first Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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trimester showed a. lower b. higher
than average rates of schizophrenia (Khashan et al., 2008). c. no differences from d. just about the same
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 438 Topic: Tying It Together: The Diathesis-Stress Model Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual 173.
proposed that certain people have a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia that receives behavioral expression only if they are reared in stressful environments. a. Gregory Bateson c. Theodore Ayllon b. Paul Meehl d. Harriet Lefley ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 438 Topic: Tying It Together: The Diathesis-Stress Model Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
174. The diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia was formulated by . a. Zubin and Spring c. Rosenthal and Watt b. Lazarus d. Selye ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 438 Topic: Tying It Together: The Diathesis-Stress Model Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual 175. The model of schizophrenia which proposes that certain people have a genetic predisposition toward schizophrenia that is expressed behaviorally only if they are raised in stressful environments is the model. a. multifactorial-polygenic c. distinct heterogeneity b. monogenic d. diathesis-stress ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 438 Topic: Tying It Together: The Diathesis-Stress Model Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Conceptual 176. Which statement lacks sufficient scientific support to currently serve as a foundation for the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia? a. The age of onset is often associated with a great deal of stress. b. Stress directly triggers the initial onset of schizophrenia. c. Criticism from family members worsens symptoms and increases the risk of relapse. d. Economic hardship and living in a distressed neighborhood increases the risk in genetically vulnerable people. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 438 Topic: Tying It Together: The Diathesis-Stress Model Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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177. What percent of the general population suffers from schizophrenia? a. 1 c. 4 b. 2 d. 5 ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 439 Topic: Tying It Together: The Diathesis-Stress Model Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual 178. Research has shown that a. 10 to 25 b. 25 to 40
percent of children with one schizophrenic parent develop schizophrenia. c. 40 to 55 d. 55 to 70
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 439 Topic: Tying It Together: The Diathesis-Stress Model Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual 179. Research has shown that a. 25 b. 45
percent of children with two schizophrenic parents develop schizophrenia. c. 65 d. 85
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 439 Topic: Tying It Together: The Diathesis-Stress Model Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual 180. Research by the Mednick group found that a major predictor of schizophrenia in high-risk children was . a. mother absenteeism during childhood b. difficulties or complications during childbirth c. drinking by the mother in the last three months of pregnancy d. an episode of high fever sometime during the first three months of infancy ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 439 Topic: Tying It Together: The Diathesis-Stress Model Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual 181. A(n) is a measurable process or mechanism, unseen by the unaided human eye, which explains how genetic instructions encoded in an organism’s DNA influence an observable characteristic of the organism. a. genotype c. endophenotype b. phenotype d. endogenotype ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 434 Topic: A Closer Look: Advances in Neuroscience: The Hunt for Endophenotypes in Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Conceptual
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182. a. b.
Genotypes Phenotypes
are outward expressions of traits, such as eye color or observed behavior. c. Endophenotypes d. Endogenotypes
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 434 Topic: A Closer Look: Advances in Neuroscience: The Hunt for Endophenotypes in Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual 183.
are mechanisms or critical links by which genes become expressed in behavioral or physical traits or disorders. a. Genotypes c. Endophenotypes b. Phenotypes d. Endogenotypes ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 434 Topic: A Closer Look: Advances in Neuroscience: The Hunt for Endophenotypes in Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Conceptual
184. Most people with schizophrenia in organized mental health settings are treated with a. antipsychotic medication c. psychosurgery b. electroconvulsive therapy d. sociocultural therapy ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
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185. Antipsychotic drugs are also referred to as a. antigens b. neuroleptics ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
. minor tranquilizers neuroinhibitors
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186. Antipsychotic drugs are also referred to as a. antidepressants b. minor tranquilizers ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
c. d.
c. d.
. neuroinhibitors major tranquilizers
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187. Which of the following is a phenothiazine? a. Paxil c. b. Prolixin d.
Wellbtrin Haldol
ANSWER: B Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual 188. Antipsychotic drugs block a. epinephrine b. testosterone c. white blood cells d. dopamine ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
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receptors in the brain.
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189. A disorder that is characterized by involuntary movements of the face, mouth, neck, trunk, or extremities and caused by long-term use of antipsychotic medication is known as . a. agranulocytosis c. tardive dyskinesia b. schizophrenogenia d. Addison’s disease ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
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190. Tardive dyskinesia is especially common among patients. a. younger male c. older male b. younger female d. older female ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
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191. Sam has been on antipsychotic drugs for about 8 months. In recent weeks he has begun to frequently blink his eyes, smack his lips, make facial grimaces, pucker his lips, and make involuntary spasmodic movements of his arms and legs. His symptoms may indicate he has developed . a. Wernicke's syndrome c. tardive dyskinesia b. institutionalization syndrome d. Huntington's Chorea ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Applied
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192. Tardive dyskinesia is most common among and . a. men; older people c. men; younger people b. women; older people d. women; younger people ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 440
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Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual 193. The newest generation of drugs to treat schizophrenia are called . a. neuroleptics c. mood stabilizers b. phenothiazines d. atypical antipsychotics ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
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194. Which drug is considered an atypical antipsychotic? a. Haloperidol c. Risperidone b. Mellaril d. Prolixin ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 4 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
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195. An important potentially adverse side effect of clozapine is . a. kidney failure b. chromosomal damage that could affect the health of unborn babies in pregnant schizophrenics c. reduced production of white blood cells d. development of cataracts ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual 196. Asians tend to require tend to experience a. smaller; fewer b. smaller; more ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
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doses of neuroleptics than Caucasians to achieve an optimal response. They side-effects from the same dosage. c. larger; fewer d. larger; more
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197. In treating Asian Americans for schizophrenia, the failure of clinicians to value of the therapy. a. prescribe antipsychotic drugs c. include the family b. treat the patient with respect d. discuss family history ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4
often compromises the
Page: 441
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Skill: Conceptual 198. Research with Asian Americans in treatment for schizophrenia indicates that clinicians might increase the success of treatment with Caucasian patients if they . a. included family members in the therapy process b. lowered the dosages of antipsychotic drugs c. used a wider variety of alternative approaches to therapy d. treated patients with a greater degree of respect and equality ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Conceptual 199.
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are more likely to emphasize individualism and self-responsibility in the treatment of schizophrenia for a family member. a. Asian Americans c. Hispanic Americans b. Non-Hispanic White Americans d. African Americans ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
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200. Freud believed that traditional psychoanalysis . a. was not appropriate for the treatment of schizophrenia b. was useful, but probably not the best method for treating schizophrenia c. was one of several equally effective treatments for schizophrenia d. was the best method for treating schizophrenia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
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201. Which of the following is a learning-based therapeutic technique typically used to treat schizophrenia? a. Intermittent reinforcement of desirable behaviors b. Aversive conditioning to eliminate undesirable behaviors c. Token economies d. Self-actualization training ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
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202. As a patient in a mental hospital, Ethan can earn poker chips for engaging in adaptive behaviors such as attending meetings, maintaining proper grooming, and using appropriate communications. When he collects enough chips, he can exchange them for rewards such as privacy time, food, passes, and other privileges. This approach is called . a. social skills training c. compensatory learning b. personal therapy d. a token economy Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Applied
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203. The basic social skills training model used in treating schizophrenia employs a. the "empty chair" technique c. role-playing exercises b. systematic desensitization d. guided fantasies ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual 204. Some recent studies have found medication-resistant schizophrenics. a. electroshock therapy b. short-term psychoanalysis ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
.
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to be promising in reducing delusions and hallucinations in c. d.
cognitive-behavioral therapy milieu therapy
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205. Cognitive-behavioral therapy may also be helpful in reducing , such as lack of motivation and apathy, the kinds of problem behaviors that make it difficult for patients to adjust to the demands of community living. a. positive symptoms b. hallucinations c. delusions d. negative symptoms ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
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206. “Clubhouses” serve to . a. provide a place for terminally ill people with schizophrenia to die with dignity b. provide treatment for severely disturbed people with schizophrenia who cannot get the individual care they need from a traditional mental hospital c. provide a permanent shelter for people with schizophrenia who do not fully need hospitalization but cannot effectively survive independently d. provide self-help services such as social support and assistance with finding employment for people with schizophrenia attempting to maintain their independence in the community ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
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207. Investigations of family intervention programs for the treatment of schizophrenia have found that they . a. reduce the risk of recurrent episodes of schizophrenia b. have no effect on the risk of recurrent episodes of schizophrenia c. increase the risk of recurrent episodes of schizophrenia d. increase the risk that other family members will develop schizophrenia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
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208. In sum, meet(s) all the needs of people with schizophrenia. a. social learning programs c. psychodynamic approaches b. family intervention approaches d. no single treatment approach ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual 209. a. b.
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claimed in 1961 that mental illness does not exist in his book, The Myth of Mental Illness. Oliver Sacks c. Thomas Szasz Lawrence Frank d. Hans Strupp
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Is Mental Illness a Myth? Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
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210. Thomas Szasz believes that mental illness . a. results from a diet overloaded with preservatives and processed foods b. is the biggest health problem facing the world in the 21st century c. is overblown by researchers and scientists who use it to build their own careers and enrich themselves d. is a convenient fiction society uses to stigmatize and subjugate deviant people ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Is Mental Illness a Myth? Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Conceptual
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211. To Szasz, mental illnesses are really . a. usually mundane family-based conflicts b. problems in living c. biologically based disorders like asthma or diabetes d. amenable to short-term treatment ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Is Mental Illness a Myth?
Page: 444
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Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Conceptual 212. Szasz believes that is a form of tyranny disguised as therapy. a. involuntary hospitalization c. electroshock therapy b. psychiatric medication d. Alcoholics Anonymous ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Is Mental Illness a Myth? Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Conceptual
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213. Besides schizophrenia, the DSM-5 classifies a range of psychological disorders within the schizophrenia spectrum of disorders. They include which of the following? a. Conversion disorder c. Major affective disorder b. Hallucination disorder d. Schizoaffective disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 445 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.5 Skill: Factual 214. The DSM-5 category of a. schizoaffective disorder b. brief psychotic disorder
applies to a psychotic disorder that lasts from a day to a month. c. schizophreniform disorder d. acute reactive psychosis
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 445 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.5 Skill: Conceptual 215. In the DSM-5, a brief psychotic disorder is one that lasts for no more than a. 1 day c. 1 month b. 1 week d. 6 months
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 445 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.5 Skill: Factual 216. Ellen's husband was killed in an automobile accident two weeks ago. Since that time she has had repeated episodes of fleeting hallucinations and delusions. Her behavior has been marked by periods of incoherent speech, screaming, suicidal and aggressive behavior, and disorientation. After about a month, her behavior slowly returns to normal. She would be best diagnosed as suffering from . a. schizophreniform disorder c. schizotypal disorder b. schizoid disorder d. brief psychotic disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 445 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.5 Skill: Applied Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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217.
consists of abnormal behaviors identical to those in schizophrenia that have persisted for at least 1 month but fewer than 6 months. a. Schizophreniform disorder c. Schizotypal disorder b. Brief psychotic disorder d. Schizoid disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 445 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.6 Skill: Factual
218. Audrey's behavior is characterized by hallucinations, delusions, incoherent speech, and disorientation. She talks to herself and screams and yells at passersby on the street. She sifts through garbage dumpsters for food, and collects garbage from the dumpsters. She never bathes or changes her clothes. She has been acting this way for about 3 months. She is best diagnosed as suffering from . a. schizophreniform disorder c. schizoaffective disorder b. schizophrenia d. brief psychotic disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 445 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.6 Skill: Applied 219. Which of the following is true of erotomania? a. Erotomania is found almost exclusively in women. b. Antipsychotic medications typically eliminate the delusion. c. Psychotherapy does not help people with this disorder. d. Direct confrontation by the love object in the protected environment of psychotherapy can quell the desire to pursue the love object. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 447 Topic: A Closer Look: “The Love Delusion” Learning Objective: 11.7 Skill: Factual 220. Which of the following is true of men and women suffering from erotomania? a. Neither men nor women have much potential for violence resulting from their delusion. b. Men are more likely than women to threaten or commit acts of violence in the pursuit of their love objects. c. Women are more likely than men to threaten or commit acts of violence in the pursuit of their love objects. d. Both men and women are likely to threaten or commit acts of violence in the pursuit of their love objects. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 447 Topic: A Closer Look: “The Love Delusion” Learning Objective: 11.7 Skill: Factual 221. Jake has persistent beliefs that his boss is out to kill him. Although his behavior is otherwise normal, Jake is convinced that because he embarrassed his boss a few months ago, his boss is now out to get even by having him killed. While his beliefs are certainly possible, it turns out that his boss has no desire at all to Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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kill him. Jake is most likely suffering from a. paranoid schizophrenia c. b. paranoid personality d.
. delusional disorder schizophreniform disorder
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 445 Learning Objective: 11.7 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Skill: Applied 222. Which of the following is true of the differences between delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia? a. The paranoid content in paranoid schizophrenia is less coherent and more bizarre than in delusional disorder. b. In delusional disorder, the delusion itself may be the only clear sign of abnormality. c. Persons with delusional disorder display the jumbled thinking characteristic of schizophrenia. d. Hallucinations are less likely to occur and are less prominent when they occur in delusional disorder. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 446 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.7 Skill: Factual 223. Daniel believes that Taylor Swift is in love with him. Although he has never met her, he has written her several letters. He believes she hasn't replied because she's "playing hard to get." Daniel is suffering from the type of delusional disorder. a. somatic c. grandiose b. erotomania d. jealous ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 446 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.7 Skill: Applied 224. Which of the following is true with regard to delusional disorder? a. Delusional disorders often respond to antipsychotic medication b. The individual’s concerns never wanes over the years c. Only one kind of delusional disorder exists d. The disorder never permanently disappears ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 446 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.7 Skill: Conceptual 225. Glenn believes he has special powers that allow him to communicate directly with God. He has started his own church in which his followers listen to his pronouncements which he claims to get directly from God. Glenn is suffering from the type of delusional disorder. a. somatic c. grandiose b. erotomania d. persecutory ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1
Page: 446
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Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.7 Skill: Applied 226. After discovering some spots on the bed sheets, Bruce is convinced that his wife of twenty years is being unfaithful to him. He has never found her with anyone and there is no other evidence that she has been unfaithful, but Bruce remains convinced that she is "fooling around" on him. He is suffering from the type of delusional disorder. a. persecutory c. grandiose b. erotomania d. jealous ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 446 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.7 Skill: Applied 227. Lloyd believes that his business partners are trying to cheat him out of his "fair share" of the profits from the business. Although they have hired an independent auditor who confirms that the profits are being distributed fairly, Lloyd remains convinced that his partners are cheating him and they paid off the auditor to lie for them. Lloyd is suffering from the type of delusional disorder. a. persecutory c. grandiose b. somatic d. jealous ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 446 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.7 Skill: Applied 228. The most common form of delusional disorder is the type. a. persecutory c. erotomanic b. somatic d. jealous ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 446 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.7 Skill: Factual 229. Rob believes that foul, swamp-like odors are emanating from his body. He believes they are caused by parasites eating away at his insides. He is suffering from the type of delusional disorder. a. persecutory c. grandiose b. somatic d. erotomanic ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 446 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.7 Skill: Applied 230. The delusional disorder in which a person believes that he or she is loved by someone of high social status, even when they have never even met the person is called . a. egomania c. erotomania b. megalomania d. narcissistic personality disorder
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ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 446 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.7 Skill: Factual 231. Arlene has suffered several episodes of major depression since she was fired from her job two years ago. She has also suffered from recurrent hallucinations, delusions, and periods of disorientation and incoherent speech. These symptoms all seem related to her major depressive episodes. She is most likely suffering from . a. schizophreniform disorder c. schizoaffective disorder b. schizotypal disorder d. a brief psychotic episode ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 447 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.8 Skill: Applied 232. A common characteristic of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder is a. displays of depressed mood b. responsiveness to antipsychotic medication c. successful treatment through social skills training d. short-term severity of symptoms
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 447 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.8 Skill: Conceptual
True-False Questions 233. Schizophrenia touches every aspect of the affected person's life. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 416
234. Schizophrenia is most prominent within a person's work life. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 416
235. Schizophrenia usually develops during late childhood or early adolescence. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1
Page: 416
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Skill: Factual 236. Schizophrenia usually develops during late adolescence or early adulthood. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual
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237. Schizophrenia is characterized by disturbances in thinking and the conveyance of thought. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual
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238. Most cases of schizophrenia show a slower and more gradual decline in functioning. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual
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239. During the prodromal stage of schizophrenia, some patients return to the residual stage. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual
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240. As many as one-half to two-thirds of schizophrenia patients improve significantly over time. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual
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241. Women tend to have a slightly higher risk of developing schizophrenia than men. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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242. Women tend to have a less severe course of schizophrenia than men. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2
Page: 418
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Skill: Factual 243. Schizophrenia affects about 10 percent of the world’s population. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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244. Nearly 1 million people are treated for schizophrenia each year in the United States, with about a 90 percent of those requiring hospitalization. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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245. A full return to normal behavior following an acute episode of schizophrenia is relatively common. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 418
246. Schizophrenia exists in the same form with no noted variation in symptomatology in virtually every culture that has been available for study. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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247. Like cancer, schizophrenia most often elicits sympathy and concern. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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248. The diagnosis of schizophrenia in the DSM-5 requires that at least two features of the disorder be present and that at least one of these features should include the cardinal symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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249. Schizophrenia affects thoughts but not feelings.
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ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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250. People with schizophrenia show no marked decline in occupational and social functioning. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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251. The thoughts of people with schizophrenia tend to be tightly knit together. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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252. All people with schizophrenia show evidence of thought disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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253. Thought disorders in people experiencing schizophrenia tend to be short-lived and reversible. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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254. Thought disorder in schizophrenia occurs most often during the residual phase. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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255. People with schizophrenia appear to be hypervigilant. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 423
256. Many people with schizophrenia have some form of eye movement dysfunction.
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ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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257. The belief that people with schizophrenia suffer from attentional deficits is supported by various studies which focus on the psychophysiological aspects of attention. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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258. Eye movement dysfunctions are unique to schizophrenia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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259. Eye movement dysfunctions tend to run in the families of schizophrenics. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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260. Recently, investigators reported 98 percent accuracy in discriminating people with schizophrenia from healthy control subjects based on a set of eye movement indicators. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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261. People with other psychological disorders, such as bipolar disorder, sometimes show eye movement dysfunction. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 423
262. People with schizophrenia have an easier time filtering out distracting stimuli when compared to people not suffering from schizophrenia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2
Page: 423
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Skill: Factual 263. People with schizophrenia appear to be flooded with high levels of sensory information that impinge on their sensory organs but have great difficulty extracting useful information from these stimuli. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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264. Hallucinations are the most common form of perceptual disturbances among people with schizophrenia. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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265. Visual hallucinations are the most common type of hallucination in people with schizophrenia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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266. Hallucinations may involve any of the five senses. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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267. Hallucinations are unique to people with schizophrenia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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268. Hallucinations are occasionally experienced by people in the general population and are not necessarily a sign of psychopathology. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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269. Hallucinations in people without psychiatric conditions are often associated with high fevers and states of bereavement. ANSWER: T Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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270. Evidence shows that command hallucinations are linked to a higher risk of violent behavior. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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271. Drug-induced hallucinations tend to be auditory. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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272. Auditory hallucinations may be a form of inner speech. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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273. Disturbances in emotional response among people with schizophrenia are typified by exaggerated and inappropriate affect. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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274. The DSM-5 now recognizes catatonic schizophrenia as a new subtype of schizophrenia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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275. While catatonia was recognized as a separate subtype of schizophrenia in previous versions of the diagnostic manual, it is now used in the DSM-5 as a type of specifier for further describing the psychiatric conditions in which it occurs. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 427
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276. Disturbances of volition are most often seen in the acute phase of schizophrenia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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277. Catatonic behaviors do not involve severely impaired cognitive and motor functioning. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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278. Some people with schizophrenia sustain unusual, uncomfortable positions for hours and will not respond to questions or communicate during these periods. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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279. Catatonia is not unique to schizophrenia. It can occur in other disorders, including brain disorders, drug intoxication, and metabolic disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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280. People with schizophrenia show no significant impairment in interpersonal relationships. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 428
281. Psychoanalysts have been able to demonstrate that certain early childhood experiences or family patterns predict schizophrenia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 428
282. Contemporary psychodynamic perspectives, like those held by Harry Stack Sullivan, place more emphasis on interpersonal than on intrapsychic factors. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 428
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Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual 283. A 54-year-old hospitalized woman diagnosed with schizophrenia was conditioned to cling to a broom by being given cigarettes as reinforcers. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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284. It appears that family linkages in schizophrenia follow shared environments, not shared genes. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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285. It appears that family linkages in schizophrenia follow shared genes more so than shared environments. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 430
286. If you have two biological parents with schizophrenia, it’s nearly certain that you will develop schizophrenia yourself. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 431
287. If your identical twin has schizophrenia, then there is a 100 percent chance you will have schizophrenia too. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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288. The mode of genetic transmission in schizophrenia remains unknown. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 431
289. Biological investigations of schizophrenia have focused primarily on the role of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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290. It appears people with schizophrenia have too little dopamine. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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291. People with schizophrenia show fewer than normal dopamine receptor sites in their brains. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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292. It appears that the brain of a schizophrenia patient has too much dopamine. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 432
293. It appears that prenatal exposure to certain viruses may explain the vast majority of cases of schizophrenia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 432
294. The risk of schizophrenia is greater in people who are born in the winter and early spring months in the northern hemisphere. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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295. People with schizophrenia tend to have larger-than-normal ventricles in their brains. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 432
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296. People with schizophrenia tend to have larger-than-normal frontal lobes. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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297. One of the most prominent structural abnormalities of people suffering from schizophrenia is the loss or thinning of brain tissue. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 432
298. Evidence points to abnormalities in brain circuitry connecting the prefrontal cortex to parts of the limbic system involved in regulating emotions and memory. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 434
299. In sum, evidence suggests that schizophrenia involves impairments in networks of neurons in different parts of the brain, rather than a defect or pathology in any one area. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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300. All people with schizophrenia have cold, overprotective mothers. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 436
301. One of the strongest causes of schizophrenia is having a schizophrenogenic mother. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 436
302. Constant criticism from family members worsens symptoms in people with schizophrenia. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia
Page: 436
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Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual 303. Living in a family that is hostile, critical, and unsupportive can increase the risk of relapse in people with schizophrenia. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 436
304. The degree to which relatives perceive family members with schizophrenia as having control over their disorder may determine how they respond to them. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
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305. There is solid research evidence that families are sometimes directly responsible for causing schizophrenia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 437
306. Antipsychotic drugs open dopamine receptors in the brain, which induces dopamine activity in the brain. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
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307. There is no cure for schizophrenia. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 439
308. Tardive dyskinesia is especially common among younger male patients treated for schizophrenia with antipsychotic drugs. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 440
309. Medications alone are usually enough to meet the treatment needs of people with schizophrenia.
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ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 439
310. Drugs developed in the past few years not only treat schizophrenia but can cure it in many cases. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 440
311. All people with schizophrenia require antipsychotic medication to live independently. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 441
312. Research has failed to demonstrate the effectiveness of psychoanalytic or psychodynamic therapy for treating schizophrenia. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 442
313. Freud believed that traditional psychoanalysis was not well-suited to the treatment of schizophrenia. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 442
314. Reinforcement programs, such as token economies, foster adaptive behavioral changes only in the hospital settings in which they are administered. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 442
315. No single treatment approach meets all the needs of people with schizophrenia. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 444
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316. CBT focuses on changing thinking patterns to help patients with schizophrenia control their hallucinations by means of reattributing their voices to their internal voice or self. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 443
317. In spite of their psychological problems, people with schizophrenia are often proficient in basic social skills needed for community living, such as assertiveness, interviewing skills, and general conversational skills. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 442
318. Brief psychotic disorder applies to a psychotic disorder that lasts from a day to a month. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 445 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.5 Skill: Factual 319. Schizophreniform disorder consists of abnormal behaviors identical to those in schizophrenia that have persisted for at least 1 year but less than 6 years. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 445 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.6 Skill: Factual 320. Delusional disorders are relatively common. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 445 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.7 Skill: Factual 321. Men with erotomania are more likely than women with erotomania to become violent when their attentions are rebuffed. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 447 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.7 Skill: Factual 322. Erotomania is a delusion involving the person’s physical or medical condition. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 446
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Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.7 Skill: Factual 323. Jealous type is the most common type of delusional disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 446 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.7 Skill: Factual 324. For any one person with delusion disorder, all of his/her delusions will have a single predominant theme. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 446 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.7 Skill: Factual 325. Both schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are chronic. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 447 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.8 Skill: Factual 326. Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder differ based upon their dramatic genetic differences. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 448 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.8 Skill: Factual
Essay Questions 327. Describe the various patterns in the course of schizophrenia, referring to the concepts of acute episode, prodromal phase, and residual phase. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 417
328. Describe the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 419
329. Describe the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Provide examples.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 420
330. What are delusions? Describe types of delusions common to schizophrenia. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
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331. Discuss deficits in attention, referring to recent psychophysiological research. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 422
332. Summarize the findings in the research evaluating eye movement dysfunction and schizophrenia. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 423
333. What has been revealed about through the research on evoked rate potentials (ERPs) and schizophrenia? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 423
334. Describe the types of hallucinations typically experienced by someone with schizophrenia. How do schizophrenic hallucinations differ from drug-induced hallucinations? What other psychological disorders can have hallucinations present? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 424
335. What may be the cause of auditory hallucinations for individuals with schizophrenia? Discuss the role of internal speech. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 425
336. Summarize the criticisms of Freud’s hypothesis about the origins of schizophrenia. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 428
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337. Summarize the evidence for a genetic factor in schizophrenia coming from twin studies’ concordance rates. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Applied
Page: 429
338. Identify and describe various protective and vulnerability factors for children at high risk of developing schizophrenia. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 438
339. Discuss evidence for the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 438
340. Discuss research concerning the effects and side effects of antipsychotic medication. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 440
341. What is tardive dyskinesia and what efforts have been made to control it? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 440
342. Discuss biological, psychodynamic, learning-based, psychosocial-rehabilitation, and family intervention treatments of schizophrenia. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 439-443
343. What are your thoughts on Thomas Szasz’ view of all psychological illnesses—including schizophrenia— being a myth? Share evidence for and against Szasz’ view. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Schizophrenia Learning Objective: 11.4 Skill: Factual
Page: 444
344. Detail the differences in criteria in the diagnoses of schizophrenia, brief psychotic disorder, and schizophreniform disorder.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 445 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objectives: 11.5, 11.6 Skill: Conceptual 345. Discuss the features of delusional disorder and describe the subtypes. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 445 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.7 Skill: Conceptual 346. How do schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia differ? Discuss the role of affect in the distinction between the two disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 447 Topic: Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Learning Objective: 11.8 Skill: Conceptual
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REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS EOC Q11.1 The period of gradual functional decline prior to acute symptoms is the schizophrenia. a) b) c) d)
phase of
kindling prodromal development residual
Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the course of development of schizophrenia. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q11.2 Harry went from relatively normal functioning to developing hallucinations, illogical thinking, and bizarre behavior within a period of a few weeks. This is characteristic of a(n) onset of schizophrenia. a) b) c) d)
acute progressive rapid cycling situational
Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the course of development of schizophrenia. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q11.3 hallucinations are the most common type of hallucination among people with schizophrenia. a) b) c) d)
Auditory Visual Somatic Olfactory
Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe the key features and prevalence of schizophrenia. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOC Q11.4 A delusion whereby the person believes that their thoughts are transmitted via the Internet for everyone else to read is an example of thought . a) b) c) d)
insertion withdrawal transmission broadcasting
Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe the key features and prevalence of schizophrenia. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q11.5 Women with schizophrenia tend to have a level of functioning prior to the onset of the disorder, and the course of the disorder tends to be severe than men. a) b) c) d)
higher; more higher; less lower; more lower; less
Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe the key features and prevalence of schizophrenia. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q11.6 Tim believes that people he does not know are talking about him and making fun of him. Tim is experiencing a delusion of . a) b) c) d)
persecution reference being controlled grandeur
Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe the key features and prevalence of schizophrenia. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q11.7 According to the hypothesis, the neurotransmitter system in the brain of a schizophrenic patient is overactive or too responsive to stimulation of receptors for this neurotransmitter. a) b) c) d)
serotonin dopamine norepinephrine acetylcholine
Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.3 Describe psychodynamic, learning theory, biological, and family perspectives on schizophrenia. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q11.8 Abnormalities in the in the brains of schizophrenic individuals may explain why they experience problems with working memory. a) b) c) d)
limbic system temporal lobe hypothalamus prefrontal cortex
Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.3 Describe psychodynamic, learning theory, biological, and family perspectives on schizophrenia. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q11.9 Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been demonstrated to be helpful in the treatment of delusional thinking in schizophrenic patients via . a) b) c) d)
social-cultural feedback the use of thought stopping selective reinforcement offering alternative explanations to delusional beliefs
Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.4 Identify and evaluate methods used to treat schizophrenia. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q11.10 A therapist in a mental hospital praises Juan when he interacts appropriately with other patients, but ignores him when he speaks only in meaningless rhymes. This therapist is using . a) b) c) d)
mindfulness therapy humanistic therapy selective reinforcement of behavior a psychoanalytic approach
Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.4 Identify and evaluate methods used to treat schizophrenia. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
899
EOC Q11.11 Jerry is in the Army and his best friend is killed in front of him by a roadside bomb. For several days afterward, Jerry’s thinking becomes delusional and he holds a pose as if he were shooting his rifle. After about a week, he returns to normal. The most likely diagnosis is disorder. a) b) c) d)
delusional schizophreniform brief psychotic schizoaffective
Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.5 Describe the key features of brief psychotic disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q11.12 disorder consists of abnormal behaviors identical to those in schizophrenia that have persisted for at least one month but less than six months. It is possible someone with this disorder may later be diagnosed as having schizophrenia. a) b) c) d)
Schizoid Schizotypal Schizophreniform Schizoaffective
Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.6 Describe the key features of schizophreniform disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
900
EOC Q11.13 Clare believes her neighbors are trying to destroy her reputation and physically harm her, but the neighbors do not even know her. If Clare shows no other clear signs of psychosis and these beliefs persist for years, she would most likely be diagnosed with . a) b) c) d)
schizophrenia brief psychotic disorder delusional disorder schizophreniform disorder
Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.7 Describe the key features of delusional disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q11.14 Delusional disorder affects an estimated a) b) c) d)
people in 10,000.
5 20 40 100
Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.7 Describe the key features of delusional disorder. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOC Q11.15 Schizoaffective disorder and a) b) c) d)
appear to share a genetic link.
schizophrenia tardive dyskinesia brief psychotic disorder delusional disorder
Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.8 Describe the key features of schizoaffective disorder. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
901
EOM Q11.1.1 During the phase of schizophrenia, the behavior of the person typically returns to the level observed during the phase of the disorder. a) b) c) d)
prodromal; chronic residual; acute residual; prodromal prodromal; normal
Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe the course of development of schizophrenia. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate 15 Q11.1.2 Sam, a person with schizophrenia, strings assortments of words together to make meaningless rhymes. For example, he states randomly, “I can chain the cane with pain and stain with your brain.” This is an example of . a) b) c) d)
word salad perseveration clanging neologisms
Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe the key features and prevalence of schizophrenia. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q11.1.3 For persons with schizophrenia, it appears that fail to be suppressed by a gating mechanism which would otherwise allow the brain to disregard irrelevant stimuli, such as the sound of a ticking clock. a) b) c) d)
event-related potentials (ERPs) rapid eye movements (REMs) evoked inhibitory responses (EIRs) inhibitory reflexes (IRs)
Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe the key features and prevalence of schizophrenia. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
902
EOM Q11.1.4 The themes of the hallucinations and delusions experienced by patients with schizophrenia may vary with culture. Visual hallucinations appear to occur most commonly in . a) b) c) d)
southern parts of the United States Western European cultures North American cultures non-Western cultures
Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe the key features and prevalence of schizophrenia. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q11.1.5 Lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, lack of socialization, and “poverty of speech” are all symptoms of schizophrenia. a) b) c) d)
emotional social negative acute
Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe the key features and prevalence of schizophrenia. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q11.1.6 Research suggests that a patient with schizophrenia who comes from a family that is in expressed emotion has a risk of a recurrent episode of schizophrenia, compared to those who come from supportive families. a) b) c) d)
low; lower low; higher high; lower high; higher
Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.3 Describe psychodynamic, learning theory, biological, and family perspectives on schizophrenia. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
903
EOM Q11.1.7 The atypical antipsychotic drug carries a risk of a potentially lethal disorder in which the body produces inadequate supplies of white blood cells. a) b) c) d)
clozapine thioridazine fluphenazine haloperidol
Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.4 Identify and evaluate methods used to treat schizophrenia. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q11.2.1 The diagnosis of brief psychotic disorder applies to a psychotic disorder that lasts no more than . a) b) c) d)
one day one week two weeks one month
Answer: d Learning Objective: 11.5 Describe the key features of brief psychotic disorder. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q11.2.2 For two months, Yoshiko has exhibited behaviors that are identical to those of schizophrenia. At this point she is most likely to receive a diagnosis of disorder, but if the behaviors last more than months it will most likely be reclassified as schizophrenia. a) b) c) d)
schizophreniform; six schizoaffective; four delusional; three brief psychotic; five
Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.6 Describe the key features of schizophreniform disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
904
EOM Q11.2.3 Jorge believes he is being spied on and followed by his neighbors. Jorge appears to have a type of delusional disorder. a) b) c) d)
grandiose persecutory mixed somatic
Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.7 Describe the key features of delusional disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q11.2.4 The type of delusional disorder occurs when individuals believe that someone else, usually a person of higher social status such as a movie star or a political figure, is in love with them. a) b) c) d)
grandiose erotomanic somatic mixed
Answer: b Learning Objective: 11.7 Describe the key features of delusional disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
905
EOM Q11.2.5 Tina suffers from delusional disorder. She sometimes believes the actor Tom Hanks loves her, but at other times she believes her friends are trying to poison her. Occasionally she complains that bugs are eating her from the inside out. Tina most likely suffers from a type of delusional disorder. a) b) c) d)
mixed erotomanic persecutory somatic
Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.7 Describe the key features of delusional disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q11.2.6 Persons with delusional disorder do not exhibit confused or jumbled thinking. Their delusions tend to be than those experienced by schizophrenic patients. a) b) c) d)
less prominent much more prominent much more vivid less frequent but much more intense
Answer: a Learning Objective: 11.7 Describe the key features of delusional disorder. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
906
EOM Q11.2.7 A psychotic disorder that tends to follow a chronic course characterized by persistent difficulties adjusting to the demands of adult life, and with features of a severe mood disturbance, is known as a disorder. a) b) c) d)
brief psychotic schizophreniform schizoaffective delusional
Answer: c Learning Objective: 11.8 Describe the key features of schizoaffective disorder. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
907
Total Assessment Guide Topic Learning Objective Introduction
Multiple Choice True-False
Learning Objective 12.1
Learning Objective 12.2
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Essay Learning Objective 12.3
Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 12.4
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 12.5
Essay Multiple Choice True-False
Learning Objective 12.6
Essay Multiple Choice
Factual 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 12
Conceptual 3, 5, 6, 8, 10
Applied
234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 240, 241, 242, 243 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 37, 38, 39, 43, 44, 45, 47 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260 326, 327, 328, 329, 331, 332 49, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 103, 106, 107, 109 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284 333, 334 111, 112, 113, 118, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293 337 134, 135, 136, 141, 145, 146 294, 295, 296, 297, 298 150, 152, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168
324 36, 42
25, 27, 31, 34, 35, 40, 41, 46, 48
325, 330 52, 58, 65, 85, 105, 110
335, 336 115, 116, 117, 132, 133
50, 59, 73, 80, 83, 84, 86, 98, 100, 101, 102, 104, 108
114, 119, 120, 127
338 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144
339, 340, 341, 342 147, 148, 149, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156,
157, 162, 167
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
908
Topic
Factual
Learning Objective 12.7
Learning Objective 12.8
Learning Objective 12.9
Learning Objective 12.10
Learning Objective 12.11
Learning Objective 12.12
Learning Objective 12.13
Learning Objective 12.14
Learning Objective 12.15
Learning Objective 12.16
Learning Objective 12.17
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
299, 300, 301, 302
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
303, 304, 305, 306
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
174, 175, 176, 177
179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185 307, 308 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 194, 195, 196, 198, 199, 200, 202 309, 310, 311
Applied
169, 178
170, 171, 172, 173
186
184
343 192, 193, 197, 201
203
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
312, 313, 314
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
315
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
Conceptual 158, 159, 160, 161
344 204, 205, 206, 207
345 207, 209, 210, 211, 213, 214, 215 316
208, 212
346 216, 217
218
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
317
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
318 347 222, 223, 224
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
319
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
320, 321, 322
True-False Essay
323
219, 220
225, 226
348 227, 228
230, 231
221
229
349 232, 233
350
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
909
12 Personality Disorders and Impulse-Control Disorders Multiple-Choice Questions 1.
Rigid, inflexible, and maladaptive patterns of behavior or ways of relating to others, which ultimately become self-defeating because of their rigidity, are called disorders. a. adjustment c. personality b. psychotic d. neurotic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
2.
The close relationships between compulsive gambling and addictive disorders led to its reclassification as a type of in DSM-5 that is called gambling disorder. a. mood disorder b. adjustment disorder c. personality disorder d. addictive disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
3.
Page: 452
Page: 453
Personality disorders are . a. very treatable by psychotherapy b. very treatable by psychiatric medication c. very treatable by group therapy d. very resistant to change ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 453 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual
4.
The traits involved in personality disorders usually become evident in a. childhood c. middle adulthood b. adolescence d. late adulthood
.
ANSWER: B Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
910
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 453 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual 5.
Which of the following are behavior characteristics that have been observed in children who were, as adults, diagnosed with a personality disorder? a. Athleticism and popularity b. A history of learning disability c. Disturbed conduct and immaturity d. Divorced parents ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 453 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual
6.
Which of the following is true about personality disorders? a. People with personality disorders often fail to see how their own behaviors are seriously disrupting their lives. b. People with personality disorders accept responsibility for the problems they have c. Personality disorders usually develop in late adulthood d. Personality disorders affect close to 50% of the population. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 453 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual
7.
Which of the following is true of people with personality disorders? a. They experience a good deal of personal discomfort as a result of their concerns and readily seek professional help on their own. b. Their behavior patterns are amenable to change. c. They do not generally perceive a need to change their behaviors. d. They generally relate well to others and are concerned about the impact of their behavior on others. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 453 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
8.
People who have personality disorders tend to perceive their disturbed behavior or traits as a. superfluous c. ego syntonic b. egocentric d. ego dystonic
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 453 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual 9.
The term that refers to personality traits that are perceived as a natural part of oneself is _ Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
911
.
a. b.
integral egocentric
c. d.
ego syntonic ego dystonic
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 453 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual 10.
People who have anxiety or mood disorders tend to perceive their disturbed behaviors as a. integral c. ego syntonic b. egocentric d. ego dystonic
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 453 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Conceptual 11.
The term that refers to personality traits that are perceived as being separate or outside one's self-identity is . a. superfluous c. ego syntonic b. egocentric d. ego dystonic ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 453 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
12.
Using terms, the DSM notes that people with personality disorders tend to perceive their traits as ego syntonic. a. cognitive c. biological b. sociological d. psychodynamic ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 453 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
13.
The DSM-5 groups personality disorders into a. two c. b. three d.
clusters. four five
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.1 Skill: Factual 14.
Which of the following is true? a. People with personality disorders often have other diagnosable psychological disorders. b. There are over 50 different kinds of personality disorders. c. People with personality disorder often have great insight into their problems. d. There are five clusters of personality disorders. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.1 Skill: Factual 15.
The DSM lists a. two b. six
individual personality disorders. c. ten d. fourteen
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.1 Skill: Factual 16.
In the DSM listing of personality disorder clusters, people who are perceived as odd or eccentric would be listed under cluster . a. A c. C b. B d. D ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.1 Skill: Factual
17.
Which of the following is a DSM cluster A personality disorder? a. Paranoid c. Antisocial b. Borderline d. Avoidant ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.1 Skill: Factual
18.
In the DSM listing of personality disorder clusters, people whose behavior is overly dramatic, emotional, or erratic would be listed under cluster . a. A c. C b. B d. D ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.1 Skill: Factual
19.
Which of the following is a DSM cluster B personality disorder? a. Avoidant c. Schizoid b. Dependent d. Antisocial ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 12.1 Skill: Factual 20.
Which of the following diagnoses is assigned to people whose behavior is characterized as overly dramatic, emotional, or erratic? a. Schizoid c. Sociophobic b. Passive-aggressive d. Histrionic ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.1 Skill: Factual
21.
In the DSM listing of personality disorder clusters, people who often appear anxious or fearful in their behavior are listed under cluster . a. A c. C b. B d. D ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.1 Skill: Factual
22.
Which of the following is a DSM cluster C personality disorder? a. Schizotypal c. Histrionic b. Avoidant d. Antisocial ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.1 Skill: Factual
23.
Which of the following diagnoses would be given to an individual who appears anxious or fearful? a. Dependent c. Antisocial b. Borderline d. Paranoid ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.1 Skill: Factual
24.
The defining trait of a. antisocial b. paranoid
personality disorder is pervasive suspiciousness. c. schizoid d. avoidant
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual 25.
The text presented a case of an 85-year-old retired businessman who had a paranoid personality disorder. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
914
He would confide in a. no one b. his doctor
. c. d.
his wife his minister
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 455 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Applied 26.
People who hold grudges, have few friends, suspect their spouses of infidelity (without evidence to back up their suspicions) and are unlikely to confide in others have characteristics of a(n) personality disorder. a. avoidant c. schizoid b. antisocial d. paranoid ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 455 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
27.
Mary is overly sensitive to criticism. She takes offense at the most trivial real or imagined slight. She does not trust others, is easily angered, and holds grudges. She has few friends and is extremely jealous and possessive of her one boyfriend, whom she is always accusing of "playing around" on her. She is most likely suffering from personality disorder. a. antisocial c. histrionic b. paranoid d. avoidant ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 455 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Applied
28.
Although suspicious of co-workers, people with personality disorder can a. paranoid; generally, maintain employment b. dependent; work in a sheltered setting c. paranoid; have trouble with co-workers and thus have difficulty remaining employed d. obsessive-compulsive; generally, work in isolation in highly technical jobs
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 455 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual 29.
People with paranoid personality disorder are . a. unlikely; men than women c. b. likely; men than women d.
to seek treatment for themselves and are more often unlikely; women than men likely; women than men
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 455 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
915
Skill: Factual 30.
Social isolation and a lack of social interest in others characterizes a. schizoid c. narcissistic b. schizotypal d. avoidant
personality disorder.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 455 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual 31.
Sheila is a "loner." She has little interest in social relationships and appears distant and aloof. She rarely shows any emotional expression and seems indifferent to praise and criticism. She is usually wrapped up in abstract ideas and has little time for, or interest in, people. She is most likely suffering from personality disorder. a. schizotypal c. narcissistic b. schizoid d. avoidant ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 455 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Applied
32.
People with schizoid personality disorders tend to be socially a. anxious c. paranoid b. aloof d. active
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 455 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual 33.
Men with schizoid personality disorder rarely a. drink alcohol c. b. date or marry d.
. attending sports events like animals
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 456 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual 34.
Alan puts on a superficial display of social aloofness, but deep inside he harbors deep curiosities about other people, and exquisite sensitivity. He wishes for love that he cannot openly express, and often expresses his sensitivity in deep feelings and affection for animals rather than people. He is typical of someone with personality disorder. a. schizotypal c. borderline b. dependent d. schizoid ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 456 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Skill: Applied 35.
A person who lacks interest in social relationships and rarely experiences strong emotions has some of the characteristics of a personality disorder. a. borderline c. narcissistic b. schizoid d. histrionic ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 456 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Applied
36.
Although people with schizoid personality disorder are aloof and show little appetite for sex, they may be attracted to . a. gambling c pornography b. visiting prostitutes d. stalking celebrities ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 456 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Conceptual
37.
People whose behaviors and mannerisms are particularly odd, but not severe enough to merit a diagnosis of schizophrenia, may be suffering from personality disorder. a. schizoid c. schizoaffective b. schizotypal d. histrionic ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 456 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
38.
Schizotypal personality is believed to affect about a. 1 c. 5 b. 3 d. 7
percent of the general population.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual 39.
People with schizotypal personality disorders tend to be socially a. anxious c. paranoid b. aloof d. active
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 456 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual 40.
Katie is a little "different" than others. She often feels as if deceased relatives are in the room with her. She Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
917
believes she possesses a "sixth sense" by which she can read people's minds and foretell the future. She talks to herself frequently and often speaks to others in a meandering, vague, although not incoherent manner. She is often unkempt, believes people are talking about her, and tends to be socially aloof. She is most likely suffering from personality disorder. a. schizoid c. histrionic b. avoidant d. schizotypal ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 456 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Applied 41.
Which of the following people is most likely to have schizotypal personality disorder? a. An Anglo American male c. An African American male b. An Anglo American female d. A Hispanic American female ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Applied
42.
Which of the following is true about people with schizotypal personality? a. They have great interest in others. b. Their faces usually show great emotion. c. They experience unusual perceptions or illusions. d. Use of language is comprehensible. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Conceptual
43.
Ideas of reference and “magical thinking” characterize the thought processes of people with personality disorder. a. paranoid c. schizoid b. schizotypal d. narcissistic ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 456 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
44.
Schizotypal personality disorder shares a common genetic basis with a. paranoia c. schizophrenia b. major affective disorder d. an adjustment disorder
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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45. a. b.
people diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder go on to develop schizophrenia. Relatively few c. A great majority About half d. Virtually all
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual 46.
Cindy has been suspicious of her coworkers lately and suspects that they are talking about her (although there is no evidence to support her suspicions). Cindy is convinced her suspicions are true because she has a "sixth sense" about this. Cindy's behavior is characteristic of a(n) personality disorder. a. schizotypal c. avoidant b. schizoid d. narcissistic ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 456 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Applied
47.
Brain abnormalities found in people with schizotypal personality disorder are similar to those found in people with . a. bipolar disorder c. generalized anxiety disorder b. posttraumatic stress disorder d. schizophrenia ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
48.
Cosmo Kramer, a popular character on the Seinfeld television show from the 1990s, displayed unusual mannerisms, had a very strange haircut, and engaged in weird behaviors like bathing in butter and pretending to host a television talk show in his apartment. These eccentricities could be common for someone with a personality disorder. a. schizoid c. obsessive-compulsive b. schizotypal d. borderline ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 456 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Applied
49.
People with personality disorder persistently disregard the rights and feelings of others and feel little or no remorse for their actions. a. paranoid c. narcissistic b. borderline d. antisocial ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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50.
To people who know her casually, Charlotte is very charming; but underneath her superficial charm is a monster. She is impulsive, self-centered, insensitive to others, irresponsible, has little anxiety, and feels no guilt or remorse when she hurts someone else. She blames others for her problems and rarely learns from her mistakes. She sees others as tools to be used to meet her own needs. While she can appear to be the nicest person in the world, if you get in her way, watch out! Charlotte is most likely manifesting personality disorder. a. paranoid c. sadistic b. narcissistic d. antisocial ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Applied
51.
People with antisocial personality disorder show levels of anxiety when faced with threatening situations; and punishment has effect on their behavior. a. low; little c. high; little b. low; a powerful d. high; a powerful ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
52.
The terms “guiltless,” “irresponsible” and “impulsive” best describe someone with disorder. a. narcissistic c. obsessive-compulsive b. antisocial d. histrionic
personality
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Conceptual 53.
About percent of men in the United States could be classified as having met the criteria for antisocial personality disorder at some point in their lives. a. 2 c. 9 b. 6 d. 20 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
54.
About percent of women in the United States could be classified as having met the criteria for antisocial personality disorder at some point in their lives. a. 1 c. 6 b. 3 d. 9 ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
Page: 458
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Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 55.
Men are likely than women to have antisocial personality disorder. a. less c. three to six times as b. equally as d. seven to ten times as ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
56.
To receive a diagnosis of "antisocial personality disorder," a person must be at least a. 12 c. 18 b. 15 d. 21
years of age.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 57.
Children under the age of 18 years who exhibit antisocial behavior patterns may be suffering from disorder. a. psychopathic c. attention-deficit b. conduct d. maturity ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
58.
The terms psychopath and sociopath refer to a. sadistic c. b. paranoid d.
personality disorder. antisocial schizotypal
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Conceptual 59.
Ted Bundy, a serial killer, is a classic example of someone with a(n) a. narcissistic c. antisocial b. paranoid d. schizotypal
personality disorder.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Applied 60.
For an individual with antisocial personality disorder, the antisocial and criminal behavior, but not the Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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personality traits, often disappears by the time the person reaches age a. 25 c. 55 b. 40 d. 70
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 61.
The antisocial and criminal behaviors associated with antisocial personality disorder . a. tend to disappear by the time the person reaches age 40 b. tend to disappear and reappear at different ages throughout the person's life c. tend to remain stable until the person reaches age 60, then they gradually disappear d. tend to remain stable throughout life, often even increasing with age ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
62.
The underlying personality traits associated with antisocial personality disorder tend to a. disappear by the time the person reaches age 40 b. disappear and reappear at different ages throughout the person's life c. remain stable until the person reaches age 60, then they gradually disappear d. remain stable throughout life, often even increasing with age ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
63.
The personality disorder that has been most extensively studied by scholars and researchers is personality disorder. a. narcissistic c. antisocial b. paranoid d. borderline ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
64.
Antisocial personality is socioeconomic classes. a. found in similar frequencies among all b. most commonly found in the lower c. most commonly found in the middle d. most commonly found in the upper ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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.
65.
Researchers now believe psychopathic personality is composed of dimensions. a. two c. four b. three d. five
somewhat independent
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 459 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Conceptual 66.
A personality dimension and a behavioral dimension are the two components of disorder. a. narcissistic c. borderline b. Histrionic d. antisocial
personality
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 459 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 67.
A cardinal feature of a. antisocial b. borderline
personality disorder is lack of remorse. c. narcissistic d. paranoid
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 68.
About of prison inmates could be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. a. 25 percent c. 75 percent b. 50 percent d. 100 percent ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 459 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
69.
Which of the following is one of the psychological features of antisocial personality disorder listed in Cleckley’s clinical profile? a. Self-centeredness c. Delusional thinking b. Curiosity d. Ambition ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 459 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
70.
In 1941, described the characteristics of today’s antisocial personality disorder. a. Theodore Reik c. David Elkind Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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b.
Lawrence Kubler
d.
Hervey Cleckley
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 459 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 71.
Neumann & Hare (2008) identified four basic factors or dimensions for measuring psychopathic traits. Which of the following traits identified by these researchers is characterized by superficiality, grandiosity, and deceitfulness? a. The narcissism factor b. The antisocial factor c. The interpersonal factor d. The lifestyle factor ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 459 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
72.
Instability in self-image, relationships, mood, and a lack of control over impulses are the hallmark features of personality disorder. a. schizoid c. antisocial b. schizotypal d. borderline ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 460 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
73.
Liz is uncertain about her goals, values, loyalties, career, and friends. Sometimes she is not even certain if she is heterosexual or a lesbian. She feels bored, empty, and is terrified of being alone. She clings desperately to her friends because of her fear of abandonment. However, her clinging behavior and her oversensitivity to any sign of rejection often pushes away those friends. Liz is most likely suffering from personality disorder. a. avoidant c. histrionic b. borderline d. dependent ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 460 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Applied
74.
A study comparing psychopathic criminal offenders with non-psychopathic offenders found that psychopathic offenders . a. were no different than non-psychopathic offenders in the types of crimes they committed b. committed far more cold-blooded murders than non-psychopathic offenders c. committed far more “crimes of passion” than non-psychopathic offenders d. committed far more impulsive murders than non-psychopathic offenders ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 461
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Topic: A Closer Look: “In Cold Blood:” Peering into the Minds of Psychopathic Murderers Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 75.
The Canadian researchers, Woodworth and Porter (2002), suggest that psychopathic offenders do not necessarily act-out impulsively but instead may engage in by constraining their impulses to perform such an extreme act as murder. a. calculated impulsivity b. organized aggression c. selective impulsivity d. selective aggression ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 461 Topic: A Closer Look: “In Cold Blood:” Peering into the Minds of Psychopathic Murderers Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
76.
Researchers have found that about percent of the homicides committed by non-psychopathic murderers were “cold-blooded” murders. a. 28 c. 68 b. 48 d. 88 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 461 Topic: A Closer Look: “In Cold Blood:” Peering into the Minds of Psychopathic Murderers Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
77.
Researchers have found that the majority of murders committed by psychopathic murderers were a. crimes of passion b. impulsive and not well-planned or thought out ahead of time c. accidental, and not intentional d. cold-blooded ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 461 Topic: A Closer Look: “In Cold Blood:” Peering into the Minds of Psychopathic Murderers Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
78.
Murders that are not cold-blooded and are committed more by non-psychopathic criminals have been labeled . a. “gun for hire” c. “revenge crimes” b. “crimes of passion” d. “drugs or money” ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 4 Page: 461 Topic: A Closer Look: “In Cold Blood:” Peering into the Minds of Psychopathic Murderers Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
79.
The cold-blooded murder style has been labeled . a. “crime of passion” c. “winner takes all” b. “selective impulsivity” d. “who gives a damn”
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.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 4 Page: 461 Topic: A Closer Look: “In Cold Blood:” Peering into the Minds of Psychopathic Murderers Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 80.
Marilyn Monroe and Lawrence of Arabia are two people with personality characteristics similar to those of personality disorder. a. avoidant c. borderline b. dependent d. narcissistic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 461 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Applied
81.
Borderline personality disorder is estimated to occur in about a. .5 to 1 c. 6 to 10 b. 2 to 6 d. 12 to 16
percent of the population.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 461 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 82.
Based on the demographic listed below, which of the following individuals would have a higher probably of being diagnosed with borderline personality disorder? a. A female Caucasian American c. A female Latino American b. A female African American d. A male Caucasian American ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 461 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
83.
Which of the following characteristics would someone with borderline personality disorder be likely to exhibit? a. Cannot tolerate being alone b. Enjoys solitary time c. Consistent in their feelings toward other individuals d. Very little intensity in their feelings toward others or in their feelings about others ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 460 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Applied
84.
Which of the following is least likely to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder? a. A White American male c. An African American female b. A Hispanic American male d. A White American female ANSWER: A Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 461 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Applied 85.
The term "borderline personality" was originally used to refer to individuals whose behavior appeared to be on the border between . a. introverted and extroverted c. passive and aggressive b. heterosexual and homosexual d. neurotic and psychotic ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 461 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Conceptual
86.
Sally cannot tolerate being alone. In an effort to avoid feelings of abandonment, she clings to her friends and becomes demanding, which results in her friends pulling away. Sally then feels rejected and becomes enraged which strains her friendships even further. This is a common pattern for people who have personality disorder. a. antisocial c. narcissistic b. borderline d. histrionic ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 460 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Applied
87.
Alternating between extremes of adulation (when their needs are met) and loathing (when they feel scorned) is characteristic of people who are diagnosed with _ personality disorder. a. histrionic c. borderline b. narcissistic d. antisocial ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 462 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
88.
Spending sprees, gambling, drug abuse, engaging in unsafe sexual activity, reckless driving, and impulsive acts of self-mutilation are self-destructive behaviors that are characteristic of personality disorder. a. histrionic c. antisocial b. narcissistic d. borderline ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 462 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
89.
Which of the following emotions is MOST characteristic of a person diagnosed with borderline personality disorder? a. Shallow c. Callous b. Angry d. Jovial
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927
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 462 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 90.
The impulsivity in people with borderline personality disorder often a. changes from self-mutilation to gambling and spending sprees b. increases c. decreases d. switches from self-mutilation to harming others
as they age.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 463 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 91.
Self-inflicted cutting is a characteristic of people with a. histrionic c. borderline b. narcissistic d. antisocial
personality disorder.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 463 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 92.
People with smashing things. a. histrionic b. narcissistic
personality disorder have difficulty controlling anger and are prone to fights or c. d.
borderline antisocial
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 462 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 93.
Impulsive and unpredictable behavior that is self-destructive is a feature of a. borderline c. histrionic b. narcissistic d. antisocial
personality disorder.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 462 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 94.
A person with borderline personality disorder may have all but which one of the following behaviors? a. Unsafe sexual activity c. Reckless driving b. Binge eating d. Lack of remorse ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 462 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 95.
Emotional instability is a central characteristic of personality disorder. a. dependent c. borderline b. paranoid d. obsessive-compulsive ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 460 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
96.
A therapist would be likely to find a background of childhood troubles, including parental neglect, harsh punishment, and witnessing of violence in people with personality disorder. a. histrionic c. borderline b. narcissistic d. antisocial ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 463 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
97.
People who show excessive emotionality, have excessive needs for praise, reassurance, and approval, and who constantly need to be the center of attention are most likely suffering from personality disorder. a. dependent c. borderline b. histrionic d. narcissistic ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 464 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
98.
Molly is a born actress. She is always the center of attention. She is highly dramatic, overemotional, selfcentered, spoiled, and inconsiderate of her friends. While she can appear charming, and is often flirtatious and seductive, she has no deep feelings toward anyone and has never had a truly intimate relationship. She has poor self-esteem and tries to impress others as a means of improving her own self-worth. She is most likely suffering from personality disorder. a. histrionic c. narcissistic b. dependent d. antisocial ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 464 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Applied
99.
Females are more likely than males to be diagnosed with a. antisocial c. narcissistic b. paranoid d. histrionic ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1
personality disorder.
Page: 464
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Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 100.
Alan puts on a front of being very flirtatious and seductive, and he typically draws attention to himself by dressing in an overly "macho" manner. He hopes to someday be a male model or an actor, but he is plagued by inner doubts and insecurities himself, despite his successful image, and he constantly feels the need to impress others to boost his own ego and self-image. His behavior is typical of someone with personality disorder. a. narcissistic c. borderline b. histrionic d. schizotypal ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 464 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Applied
101.
Rachel never enters a room, she “arrives.” She dresses in a provocative manner and has such an overblown, melodramatic way of reacting to everything that she is impossible to ignore. She is self-centered and demands instant gratification. She bores easily and is constantly drawn to the newest style or fad. Her behavior is typical of someone with personality disorder. a. narcissistic c. borderline b. histrionic d. schizotypal ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 464 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Applied
102.
An appropriate college major for someone with histrionic personality disorder would be a. psychology c. architecture b. physics d. theatre
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3):1 Page: 464 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Applied 103.
The central feature of a. dependent b. histrionic
personality disorder is an inflated or grandiose sense of oneself. c. narcissistic d. borderline
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 465 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 104.
Maya loves to brag about her accomplishments. While she is not overly dramatic or flirtatious, she enjoys being the center of attention. She is self-absorbed and lacks empathy for others. She is successful in her career and very proud of her accomplishments. Maya just wishes that others would show more appreciation of how wonderful she is. She is preoccupied with fantasies of future success, power, and recognition. Maya is most likely suffering from _ personality disorder. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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a. b.
antisocial histrionic
c. d.
narcissistic borderline
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 465 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Applied 105.
Compared to people with histrionic personality disorder, those with narcissistic personality disorder have a grandiose view of themselves and are melodramatic. a. less; less c. less; more b. more; less d. more; more ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 465 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Conceptual
106.
People with narcissistic personality disorder tend to have relationships than people with borderline personality disorder. a. more stable c. more romantic b. less stable d. fewer close family ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 466 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
107.
More than half of people diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder are a. women c. late adolescents or young adults b. men d. unsuccessful
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 465 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 108.
Joe is a “workaholic” primarily because of the success that accompanies working hard. He is not much interested in the sense of pride or accomplishment in a job “well-done,” nor the money. His only concern is the attention and adulation he receives. His behavior is most typical of someone with personality disorder. a. antisocial c. narcissistic b. histrionic d. borderline ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 465 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Applied
109.
Which of the following is true of narcissistic personalities? a. They are rarely envious of others. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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b. c. d.
They are driven by the desire to accumulate wealth rather than by the praise or adulation that comes with success. They are caring and deep feeling and often sacrifice their own needs to that of others. They are extremely sensitive to criticism.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 466 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 110.
As in the text’s case of Bill, an emotional factor that underlies narcissistic personality disorder is a. grandiosity c. depression b. confidence d. inadequacy
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 466 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Conceptual 111.
People who are so terrified of criticism or rejection that they are generally unwilling to enter relationships are suffering from personality disorder. a. schizoid c. antisocial b. paranoid d. avoidant ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 467 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual
112.
How many people in the general population are estimated to have avoidant personality disorder? a. 0.5 to 1 percent c. 6.4 to 8 percent b. 2.4 to 3 percent d. 8.4 to 11 percent ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 467 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual
113.
Avoidant personality disorder is a. one-quarter b. one-half
as common in men as in women. c. equally d. twice
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 467 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual 114.
Alexis wants to be involved with people. In fact, she truly loves people and has strong needs for affection and acceptance. But, her fears of rejection and public embarrassment prevent her from reaching out to those around her. Instead, she sticks to her routine and refuses to take any risks or try anything new. Alexis is most likely suffering from personality disorder. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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a. b.
dependent avoidant
c. d.
borderline histrionic
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 467 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Applied 115.
Although schizoid and avoidant personality disorders both display social withdrawal, those with avoidant personality disorder, unlike those with schizoid personality disorder, . a. are angry all of the time, thus keeping people at a distance b. feel warmth to other people c. enjoy performing in public d. do not mind working in groups or teams ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 467 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Conceptual
116.
There is a good deal of overlap between social phobia and a. schizoid c. antisocial b. dependent d. avoidant
personality disorder.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 467 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Conceptual 117.
Avoidant personality disorder is often comorbid (co-occurring) with a. posttraumatic stress disorder c. social phobia b. generalized anxiety disorder d. antisocial personality
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 467 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Conceptual 118.
People who are overly reliant on others to give them advice or make decisions for them are suffering from personality disorder. a. dependent c. schizotypal b. avoidant d. histrionic ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 468 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual
119.
Kay is a thoughtful and considerate person but has a difficult time making decisions on her own. She relies on her one best friend, someone she has known since childhood, to give her advice on virtually every decision she makes. Sometimes Kay even asks the friend to make the decision for her. At work, she holds a Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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position far below her potential and has refused several promotion opportunities. She is most likely suffering from personality disorder. a. dependent c. schizotypal b. avoidant d. histrionic ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 468 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Applied 120.
A dependent man might prefer to marry a(n) a. submissive c. b. exhibitionistic d.
wife. dominant quiet
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 468 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Applied 121. a. b.
personality disorder is diagnosed more in women than in men. Narcissistic c. Schizoid Avoidant d. Dependent
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 468 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual 122.
Dependent personality disorder has been linked to which of the following? a. Schizophrenia c. Panic disorder b. Ulcers d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 469 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual
123.
Dependent personality disorder has been linked to which of the following physical disorders? a. Asthma c. Ulcers and colitis b. Migraine headaches d. Epilepsy ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 469 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual
124.
There appears to be a link between dependent personality disorder and a. phallic c. oral b. anal d. genital
behavior problems.
ANSWER: C Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 469 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual 125.
Which of the following is true of people suffering from dependent personality disorder? a. Dependent personality disorder is diagnosed more frequently in men than in women. b. Dependent personality disorder is linked to what psychodynamic theorists call "anal" behavior problems. c. Dependent personality disorder is linked to physiological problems such as asthma and migraine headache. d. Dependent personalities often attribute their problems to physical, rather than emotional, causes and seek advice from medical experts. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 469 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual
126.
The defining features of personality disorder are traits such as perfectionism, rigidity, being overly meticulous, and having difficulties coping with ambiguity. a. histrionic c. obsessive-compulsive b. paranoid d. avoidant ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 469 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual
127.
Meg is a perfectionist. She is so preoccupied with perfection she almost never gets things done on time. She procrastinates and focuses so closely on trivial details that she often fails to see how the details fit into the bigger picture. Socially, she rarely goes out because she is too busy working. She often won't make choices because she fears making the wrong choice. Meg's life is dominated by rigid expectations and goals. Meg is suffering from _ personality disorder. a. schizotypal c. obsessive-compulsive b. avoidant d. histrionic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 469 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Applied
128.
What type of work habits would be expected with someone with obsessive-compulsive disorder? a. Disorganized and punctual b. Perfectionistic and orderly c. Punctual and orderly d. Comfortable dealing with ambiguity ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 469 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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129.
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is a. one-quarter c. b. one-half d.
as common in men as in women. equally twice
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 469 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual 130.
A person who manifests features of an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder but who also has obsessions and compulsions would be diagnosed with via the DSM-5. a. only a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive anxiety disorder b. only a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder c. a diagnosis of both obsessive-compulsive anxiety and personality disorder d. a diagnosis of cyclothymia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 469 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual
131.
People with an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and no anxiety disorder usually would a. not experience outright obsessions or compulsions b. experience outright obsessions but not display compulsions c. experience both outright obsessions and compulsions d. also have a diagnosis of major depressive disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 469 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual
132.
Failing to “see the forest for the tress” is typical of someone with a. antisocial c. avoidant b. obsessive-compulsive d. borderline
personality disorder.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 469 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Conceptual 133.
The phrase “a place for everything, and everything in its place” best characterizes people with personality disorder. a. dependent c. histrionic b. borderline d. obsessive-compulsive ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 469 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Conceptual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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.
134.
The DSM adopts a model for classifying abnormal behavior patterns into specific diagnostic categories based on particular diagnostic criteria. a. dimensional c. multidimensional b. categorical d. spectrum ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 470 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Factual
135.
The model depicts personality disorders as maladaptive and extreme variations of personality dimensions found within the general population. a. dimensional c. dichotomous b. categorical d. all-or-none ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 470 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Factual
136.
Which of the following is one of the five basic traits of personality as defined by the Five-Factor Model of personality? a. Inhibition b. Expressiveness b. Psychoticism d. Agreeableness ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 470 Learning Objective: 12.5 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Skill: Factual
137.
Which of the following best describes the change that developers of the DSM are considering to diagnose personality disorders? a. A hybrid dimensional-categorical model b. A categorical model c. A completely dimensional model d. Complete elimination of personality disorders from the DSM ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 470 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Conceptual
138.
One limitation of the dimensional model is that it be for it to be deemed clinically meaningful. a. lacks clear guidelines for setting cut-off scores b. does not use personality scales c. does not utilize a quantitative d. does not rely on the views of experts ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
to determine just how extreme a trait needs to
Page: 470
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Conceptual 139.
Which of the following is a problem with the current system for the classification of personality disorders? a. There is difficulty in distinguishing between normal and abnormal behaviors. b. There is not enough overlap among the various categories of personality disorders. c. The present classification system makes a clear distinction between normal and abnormal variations in personality. d. Some of the categories of personality disorders have little scientific data to support them. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 471 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Conceptual
140.
The confusion of labels with explanations in diagnosing people with personality disorders often results in . a. cessation of research to find the causes of various disorders b. more widespread reliance on inductive reasoning in diagnosis c. circular reasoning d. more widespread reliance on deductive reasoning in diagnosis ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 471 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Conceptual
141.
Which of the following statements is true? a. Personality disorders are convenient labels for identifying common patterns of ineffective and ultimately self-defeating behavior. b. The labels used to identify personality disorders have been useful in helping to explain their causes. c. Clinicians do not appear to have a gender bias in diagnosing some personality disorders now that there is a dimensional component to diagnoses. d. Many of the traits used to describe personality disorders cannot be consistently observed. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 472 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Factual
142.
There are personality disorders for . a. neither stereotypically masculine nor stereotypically feminine behavior b. stereotypically masculine but not stereotypically feminine behavior c. stereotypically feminine but not stereotypically masculine behavior d. both stereotypically masculine and stereotypically feminine behavior ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 472 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Conceptual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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143.
The concept of personality. a. narcissistic b. dependent
personality seems to be a caricature of the traditional stereotype of the feminine c. d.
borderline histrionic
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 472 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Conceptual 144.
Along with histrionic personality disorder, personality disorder may be over-diagnosed in women because the associated pattern of behavior is generally more common in women than in men. a. narcissistic c. borderline b. dependent d. schizotypal ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 472 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Conceptual
145.
Clinicians show bias in diagnosing men with personality disorder. a. paranoid c. b. antisocial d.
personality disorder and women with histrionic obsessive-compulsive schizoid
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 472 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Factual 146.
A research study showed gender bias among clinicians in tending to identify a case description of a(n) personality disorder as female. a. avoidant c. obsessive-compulsive b. narcissistic d. borderline ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 472 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Factual
147.
Freud believed that most personality disorders have their roots in the . a. collective unconscious c. anal stage of development b. the Oedipus complex d. development of the id ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Conceptual
148.
Page: 473
According to Freud, proper resolution of the Oedipus complex is represented by the development of the Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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a. b.
. id ego
c. d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Conceptual 149.
Page: 473
.
Page: 473
Hans Kohut's views on the development of personality are labeled a. personal c. individual b. self d. client-centered ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Factual
153.
Page: 473
Recent advances in psychodynamic theory focus on the development of a. the superego c. the collective unconscious b. the id d. the sense of self ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Conceptual
152.
.
Recent (post-Freudian) psychodynamic theories have focused on the age period of period when most personality disorders begin. a. birth to 18 months c. 3 to 5 years b. 18 months to 3 years d. 5 to 9 years ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Factual
151.
Page: 473
Freud has been criticized for failing to account for the a. emotional development of both males and females b. moral development of males c. moral development of females d. moral development of both males and females ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Conceptual
150.
superego persona
psychology.
Page: 473
Kohut believed that lay beneath the inflated veneers of narcissistic personalities. a. a self-image that had never been seriously challenged b. an overpowering ego combined with a weak superego Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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as the time
c. d.
a self-image riddled with feelings of inadequacy an overpowering id combined with a weak superego
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Conceptual 154.
According to Kohut, childhood narcissism . a. is normal and sets the stage for healthy development when combined with parental empathy b. is normal and sets the stage for healthy development when confronted with strict discipline from parents c. is pathological and must be dealt with early and forcefully d. is pathological if it involves the belief that "the world revolves around me" ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Conceptual
155.
Page: 473
According to Kohut, lack of parental empathy and support may set the stage for pathological adulthood. a. paranoia c. compulsiveness b. insecurity d. narcissism ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Conceptual
157.
Page: 473
According to Kohut, lack of _ may set the stage for pathological narcissism in adulthood. a. a structured environment b. consistent discipline during toilet training c. parental empathy and support d. idealistic parental behavior ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Conceptual
156.
Page: 473
in
Page: 473
Albert suffers from narcissistic personality disorder. His therapist says that his problem is due to a lack of parental empathy and support during his normal childhood narcissism. This conceptualization of Albert's problem is most like that of . a. Kohut c. Mahler b. Kernberg d. Millon ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Applied
Page: 473
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
941
158.
The idea that borderline personality disorder stems from a pre-Oedipal failure to develop a sense of constancy and unity in one's image of the self and other was proposed by . a. Kohut c. Mahler b. Kernberg d. Millon ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Conceptual
159.
The concept "splitting" is central to a. Kohut's b. Kernberg's ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Conceptual
160.
Page: 474
Page: 474
Jason suffers from borderline personality disorder. His therapist says that his problems are due to a failure to develop a consistent self-image and splitting. This conceptualization of Jason's problem is most like that of . a. Kohut c. Mahler b. Kernberg d. Millon ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Applied
163.
Page: 474
According to Kernberg, children who fail to synthesize contradictory images of good and bad in themselves and others are likely to have tendencies toward . a. reactivity c. individuation b. splitting d. schizotypal traits ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Conceptual
162.
psychodynamic theory of borderline personality. c. Mahler’s d. Millon's
Kernberg used the concept of "splitting" to explain personality disorder. a. dependent c. histrionic b. avoidant d. borderline ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Conceptual
161.
Page: 474
Page: 474
According to Mahler, infants develop a(n)
attachment to their mothers.
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
942
a. b.
reciprocal ego-syntonic
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Factual 164.
.
Page: 474
personality disorder.
Page: 475
Reginald suffers from borderline personality disorder. His therapist tells him that his problem stems from a failure of separation-individuation while he was growing up. His therapist's conceptualization of the problem is most like that of . a. Kohut c. Mahler b. Kernberg d. Millon ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Applied
168.
.
Page: 474
Mahler used the concept of separation-individuation to explain a. dependent c. histrionic b. avoidant d. borderline ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Factual
167.
Page: 474
The concept of separation-individuation was developed by a. Kohut c. Mahler b. Kernberg d. Millon ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Factual
166.
symbiotic ego-dystonic
A state of "oneness" in which a child's identity is fused with that of the mother is called a. symbiosis c. identity diffusion b. synthesis d. reciprocation ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Factual
165.
c. d.
Page: 474
Which of the following is true? a. Psychodynamic theory has focused too much on direct observations of children in its explanations of personality disorders. b. Permissive parenting during the individual’s childhood is linked to the later development of personality disorders. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
943
c. d.
Failure for the parents to be critical of small imperfections of the child during childhood plays a critical role in the development of personality disorders. The ambivalences that characterize adult borderline personality may bear only a superficial relationship to those of children’s during separation-individuation.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Factual 169.
According to Millon, excessive parental discipline may lead to behaviors. a. paranoid c. obsessive-compulsive b. histrionic d. avoidant ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.7 Skill: Conceptual
170.
Page: 475
Nicholas suffers from obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. If learning theorists are correct, his problem arises from when he was a child. a. too much parental attention and reinforcement attached to his physical appearance b. excessive parental control and discipline c. lack of reward or encouragement for exploratory behavior d. sibling rivalry combined with attention-seeking, emotional parents ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.7 Skill: Applied
172.
Page: 475
Nathan suffers from dependent personality disorder. If learning theorists are correct, his problem arises from when he was a child. a. too much parental attention and reinforcement attached to his physical appearance b. excessive parental control and discipline c. lack of reward or encouragement, or even discouragement, for exploratory behavior d. sibling rivalry combined with attention-seeking, emotional parents ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.7 Skill: Applied
171.
Page: 475
Page: 475
Ryan suffers from histrionic personality disorder. If learning theorists are correct, his problem arises from when he was a child. a. consistently attentive parents b. excessive parental control and discipline c. lack of reward or encouragement for exploratory behavior d. sibling rivalry combined with parents who are dramatic and attention-seeking ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 475
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
944
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.7 Skill: Applied 173.
Adam suffers from antisocial personality disorder. If social-learning theorists are correct, his problem arises from when he was a child. a. a complete lack of discipline and punishment b. excessive parental control and discipline c. lack of reward or encouragement for exploratory behavior d. lack of consistency and predictability in his learning experiences ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.7 Skill: Applied
174.
The number of people with antisocial personalities who attain executive positions in business is a. so small that it is virtually immeasurable b. much smaller than the number in prison or in society at large c. about the same as the number in prison and in society at large d. much greater than the number in prison or in society at large ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.7 Skill: Factual
175.
Page: 476
Page: 476
Which of the following is true of people and aggressive behaviors? a. Children and adults display aggressive behaviors in a mechanical way. b. Children tend to develop aggressive behaviors spontaneously, indicating that aggressive tendencies are genetically inherited. c. People will imitate aggressive behaviors when they are provoked, even if they know they will be punished for it. d. People will imitate aggressive behaviors when they are provoked and believe they are more likely to be rewarded than punished for it. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.7 Skill: Factual
177.
.
Identify the social-cognitive theorist who asserted that children learn aggressive behavior by observing the aggressive behavior of others, including aggression displayed on television. a. Theodore Millon c. Leonard Ullmann b. Albert Bandura d. Paul Meehl ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.7 Skill: Factual
176.
Page: 475
Page: 476
Which of the following is true? Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
945
a. b. c. d.
Antisocial individuals rarely have difficulty reading emotions in other people’s faces. Antisocial adolescents incorrectly interpret other people’s behavior as threatening when it is not. Antisocial individuals often lash out in anger because they place too much value in what others expect and resent people expecting so much from them. Antisocial individuals have no particular difficulty recognizing the emotion of fear in other people’s speech or vocal expression.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.7 Skill: Factual 178.
In comparing psychodynamic and learning theories about personality disorders, . a. they are both grounded in theory rather than direct observations of family interactions that presaged the development of personality disorders b. psychodynamic theory is grounded in theory but learning theories are grounded in direct observation c. learning theories are grounded in theory but psychodynamic theory is grounded in direct observation d. they are both grounded in direct observations of family interactions that presaged the development of personality disorders ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.7 Skill: Conceptual
179.
Page: 477
When borderline personalities recall their earliest memories, they are more likely to paint significant others as . a. evil c. distant b. affectionate d. strict ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.8 Skill: Factual
181.
Page: 476
Researchers have found that people with borderline personality disorder remember their parents as significantly more . a. affectionate and smothering c. permissive and inconsistent b. controlling and less caring d. confused and inconsistent ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.8 Skill: Factual
180.
Page: 476
Page: 477
Recent research has uncovered a link between borderline personality disorder and a. a family history of schizophrenia c. childhood abuse or neglect b. being adopted at or near birth d. social rejection in adolescence ANSWER: C Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
946
.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.8 Skill: Factual 182.
Family factors such as have been implicated in the development of dependent personality disorder. a. a weak or absent parent b. lack of emotional bonding between parents and children c. overprotectiveness and authoritarianism by parents d. permissiveness and neglectful parenting ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.8 Skill: Factual
183.
Page: 477
The McCords have conducted research relating early childhood a. fear experiences c. failure experiences b. parental rejection d. sexual experiences ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.8 Skill: Factual
186.
Page: 477
Which of the following people is most likely to have experienced parental neglect or rejection? a. A person with avoidant personality disorder b. A person with antisocial personality disorder c. A person with schizotypal personality disorder d. A person with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.8 Skill: Applied
185.
Page: 477
Researchers believe that personality disorder often emerges within a strongly moralistic and rigid family environment, which does not permit even minor deviations from expected roles or behaviors. a. avoidant c. borderline b. antisocial d. obsessive-compulsive ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.8 Skill: Factual
184.
Page: 477
and subsequent delinquency.
Page: 477
According to the family perspective, the key factor(s) in the development of antisocial personality is (are) . a. parental rejection, parental neglect, and failure of the parents to show love to the child b. extreme strictness in parental rules of conduct combined with unduly harsh punishments c. parental overprotectiveness and "smothering" leading to rejection of parental values by the child d. spoiling the child and excessive permissiveness by the parents in their enforcement of conduct Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
947
rules ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.8 Skill: Conceptual 187.
In which of the following personality disorders does research suggest genetic factors appear to play a role? a. Schizoid c. Schizotypal b. Paranoid d. Dependent ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Factual
188.
Page: 478
Of the following personality disorders, which one appears to run in families? a. Avoidant c. Obsessive-compulsive b. Borderline d. Dependent ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Factual
191.
Page: 477
In addition to genetic contributions to personality traits, your text mentions which of the following factors as also playing a strong contributing role to the development of these traits? a. Nutrition b. Family dysfunction c. Bicultural environment d. Having working class parents ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Factual
190.
Page: 477
In which of the following personality disorders does research suggest genetic factors appear to play a role? a. Narcissistic c. Histrionic b. Schizoid d. Avoidant ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Factual
189.
Page: 477
Page: 477
According to the textbook, research suggests that of people with personality disorders, such as antisocial, schizotypal, and borderline types, are more likely to be diagnosed with these disorders themselves than are members of the general population. a. parents and siblings b. co-workers Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
948
c. d.
friends roommates
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Factual 192.
Which of the following statements is true? a. Research shows that genetics alone strongly influences the risk of a person developing an antisocial personality disorder. b. Research shows that both genetics and environmental factors strongly influence the risk of a person developing an antisocial personality disorder. c. Research shows that environmental factors alone strongly influence the risk of a person developing an antisocial personality disorder. d. Research shows that the factors leading to the development of an antisocial personality disorder are unknown. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Conceptual
193.
Page: 478
Hare and other subsequent researchers have found that people with galvanic skin responses when expecting pain than normals. a. antisocial c. avoidant b. borderline d. schizoid ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Factual
195.
Page: 478
Threats of punishment fail to deter antisocial personalities because of . a. high participatory anxiety c. low anticipatory anxiety b. high levels of projected anger d. low levels of self-awareness ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Conceptual
194.
Page: 477
personality disorder have lower
Page: 478
Many researchers believe that people with antisocial personalities suffer from an a. underresponsive central nervous system b. overresponsive central nervous system c. underresponsive autonomic nervous system d. overresponsive autonomic nervous system ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9
Page: 478
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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.
Skill: Factual 196.
Evidence supports the notion that people with antisocial personality disorder have stimulation. a. no c. a normal b. a lower-than-normal d. a higher-than-normal ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Factual
197.
198.
Page: 479
Page: 479
Brain imaging links borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder to dysfunctions in parts of the brain involved in_ . a. regulating emotions and restraining impulsive behaviors b. regulating hunger and thirst c. specific aspects of sleep and dreaming d. learning and memorizing new material ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Factual
200.
cravings for stimulation
Brain imaging links borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality to dysfunctions in the . a. prefrontal cortex c. occipital lobe b. temporal lobe d. parietal lobe ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Factual
199.
Page: 478
People with antisocial or psychopathic personalities appear to have compared to others. a. no c. equivalent b. decreased d. exaggerated ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Conceptual
threshold of
Page: 479
Areas of the brain most directly implicated in borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder are the prefrontal cortex and deeper brain structures in the . a. limbic system b. corpus callosum c. cerebellum d. occipital lobe ANSWER: A Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Factual 201.
Abnormalities in brain circuitry that connects the amygdala with the prefrontal cortex may help explain difficulties with we see in many people with borderline personality and antisocial personality disorders. a. impulse control problems b. memory problems c. increased need for sleep d. weight gain ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Conceptual
202.
Page: 479
Martin Zuckerman uses the term sensation seeker to describe people with a(n) a. strong need to use stimulating substances such as caffeine or nicotine b. high need for conflict and novelty in their relationships with others c. inability to remain in a monogamous relationship d. high need for arousal and constant stimulation ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Factual
203. a. b.
A lot of Plenty of
Page: 479
Page: 480
Which of the following statements is true regarding personality disorders? a. People with personality disorders view their self-defeating behaviors as natural parts of themselves. b. People with personality disorders condemn themselves for their problems. c. People with personality disorders tend to remain in long term therapy. d. People with personality disorders take responsibility for their own behavior. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 482 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.11 Skill: Factual
205.
.
information is available about the rates of personality disorders in other cultures. c. Very little d. About 100 studies worth of
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.10 Skill: Factual 204.
Page: 479
Which of the following is true regarding personality disorders? a. People with personality disorders believe others, not themselves, need to change. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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b. c. d.
People with personality disorders are usually motivated to seek treatment on their own. People with personality disorders, though challenging in therapy, make great improvements and are invested in personal change the therapist. People with personality disorders have not been shown to be helped by any of the major therapy approaches.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 482 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.11 Skill: Factual 206.
People with personality disorders tend to have turbulent relationships with their therapists. They will idealize their therapists at times and denounce them as uncaring at other times. a. narcissistic c. histrionic b. borderline d. antisocial ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 482 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.11 Skill: Factual
207.
Evidence the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy and the effectiveness of cognitivebehavior therapy in treating personality disorders. a. does not support; does not support c. does not support; supports b. supports; does not support d. supports; supports ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 482 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.11, 12.12 Skill: Factual
208.
A therapist helps her client look at his self-defeating behavior patterns and develop more adaptive methods of relating to others. This therapist is probably a therapist. a. psychodynamic c. cognitive b. behavioral d. humanistic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 482 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.12 Skill: Applied
209.
A therapeutic technique that combines cognitive-behavior therapy and mindfulness techniques for the treatment of borderline personality disorder is . a. self-psychology c. attachment therapy b. Gestalt psychology d. dialectical behavior therapy ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 483 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.12 Skill: Factual
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210.
Dialectical behavior therapy was developed by a. Aaron Beck c. b. Albert Bandura d.
. Marsha Linehan Elizabeth Loftus
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 482 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.12 Skill: Factual 211.
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is specifically designed to treat which of the following? a. Borderline personality disorder b. Schizotypal personality disorder c. Dissociative disorder d. Dependent personality disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 482 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.12 Skill: Factual
212.
John has been diagnosed as having borderline personality disorder. The psychologist recommends a type of therapy specifically designed for the treatment of this disorder. What type of therapy is most likely to be recommended? a. Rational-emotive therapy b. Psychodynamic therapy c. Token economy therapy d. Dialectical behavior therapy ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 482 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.12 Skill: Applied
213.
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) combines cognitive-behavioral therapy and a. a diet high in protein b. a rigorous exercise schedule c. Buddhist mindfulness meditation d. a period of fasting
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 483 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.12 Skill: Factual 214.
The word dialectic is drawn from classical philosophy and applies to a form of reasoning in which you consider . a. both sides of an argument b. the biological basis of a behavior c. a deductive perspective d. only the first perspective offered ANSWER: A Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 483 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.12 Skill: Factual 215.
A technique for treating antisocial personality disorder in which prosocial behaviors are rewarded with chips or tokens that can be exchanged for privileges is called . a. a token economy c. response cost b. systematic desensitization d. cue-controlled socialization ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 483 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.12 Skill: Factual
216.
Researchers suspect that the impulsive aggressive behaviors typical of some personality disorders may be related to deficiencies in . a. epinephrine c. serotonin b. acetylcholine d. dopamine ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 484 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.13 Skill: Factual
217.
Studies indicate that the drug may reduce the aggressive behavior and irritability in impulsive and aggressive individuals with personality disorders. a. Ritalin c. Valium b. Reserpine d. Prozac ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 484 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.13 Skill: Factual
218.
Atypical antipsychotics may have benefits in controlling in people with _ effects are modest. a. feelings of emptiness and self-mutilation; schizotypal personality disorder b. lethargy and inertia; histrionic personality disorder c. aggressive and self-destructive behavior; borderline personality disorder d. obsessive thinking; paranoid personality disorder
but the
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 484 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.13 Skill: Applied 219.
A psychological disorder characterized by failure to control impulses, temptations, or drives, resulting in harm to oneself or others are disorders. a. personality c. affective b. impulse control d. adjustment
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954
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.14 Skill: Conceptual 220.
Which of the following is characteristic of behaviors associated with an impulse control disorder? a. Concern with hand washing b. Lack of ability to stop stealing c. Inability to diet or engage in an exercise program d. Difficulty resisting the urge to touch cracks in sidewalks ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.14 Skill: Conceptual
221.
Page: 484
Page: 484
When he sees something on sale at the store, Juan has great difficulty not purchasing it despite the fact that he is heavily in debt. Based on his inability to control this drive, one might say that one has which of the following? a. Impulse control disorder b. Antisocial personality disorder c. Dissociative disorder d. Avoidant personality disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 484 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.14 Skill: Applied
222.
A type of impulse control disorder characterized by compulsive stealing is a. kleptomania c. trichotillomania b. pyromania d. klismomania ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.15 Skill: Factual
223.
Page: 485
Which of the following is true of kleptomania? a. The stolen objects are typically of little value or use to the person. b. Most people with kleptomania cannot easily afford the items they steal. c. The thefts are usually motivated by anger or vengeance. d. The crimes are impulsive and poorly planned. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.15 Skill: Factual
224.
.
Shoplifting is a. rare; rare
Page: 485
and kleptomania is c.
. rare; common
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b.
common; rare
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.15 Skill: Factual 225.
Page: 485
Page: 485
Psychodynamic theorists view kleptomania as . a. unconsciously motivated aggression against people who are perceived to have more than they deserve b. a defense against unconscious penis envy in women and castration anxiety in men c. the ego being overwhelmed by urges for instant gratification by the id d. fixation in the anal stage of development ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.15 Skill: Conceptual
227.
common; common
Kleptomania shares many common features with . a. generalized anxiety disorders c. dissociative disorders b. schizoaffective disorder d. obsessive-compulsive disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.15 Skill: Conceptual
226.
d.
Page: 485
Which of the following is a type of impulse-control disorder characterized by repeated episodes of impulsive, uncontrollable aggression in which people strike out at others or destroy property? a. Intermittent explosive disorder b. Obsessive compulsive disorder c. Antisocial personality disorder d. Aggressive tendency disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 486 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.16 Skill: Conceptual
228.
The core feature of Intermittent explosive disorder is a. impulsive aggressiveness b. excessive happiness c. uncontrollable depression d. controlled and calculated anger ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.16 Skill: Conceptual
.
Page: 486
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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229.
Thomas just received a phone call letting him know he received a late charge for not paying his credit card on time. He throws his cell phone out the window and smashes the TV next to him. Friends say that Thomas does this often. Thomas most likely can be diagnosed as having which of the following? a. Intermittent explosive disorder b. Narcissistic personality disorder c. Histrionic personality disorder d. Avoidant personality disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.16 Skill: Applied
230.
People with intermittent explosive disorder typically experience sense of relief afterwards. a. visual hallucinations b. great depression c. auditory hallucinations d. a state of tension ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.16 Skill: Factual
231.
Page: 486
Page: 486
A type of impulse control disorder characterized by compulsive fire setting is a. kleptomania c. trichotillomania b. pyromania d. klismomania ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.17 Skill: Factual
233.
before their violent outbursts and a
Evidence that treatment with _ has shown promise in treating impulsive aggression associated with IED. a. antidepressant drugs that boost serotonin availability b. antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine activity c. antipsychotic drugs that increase dopamine activity d. testosterone replacement ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.16 Skill: Factual
232.
Page: 486
Page: 488
The most common motives for fire setting appear to be . a. due to a psychiatric disorder c. some financial incentive b. anger and revenge d. infamy ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 488
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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.
Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.17 Skill: Factual
True-False Questions 234.
Personality disorders are excessively rigid patterns of behaviors or ways of relating to others. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 452 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
235.
Personality disorders change from one environment to the next. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 452 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
236.
People with personality disorders tend to perceive their traits as ego dystonic—as not being natural parts of themselves. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 453 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
237.
People with anxiety disorders tend to perceive their traits as ego dystonic—as not being natural parts of themselves. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 453 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
238.
People with personality disorders tend to perceive their traits as ego syntonic—as natural parts of themselves. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 453 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
239.
The terms ego syntonic and ego dystonic are basically synonyms of one another. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 453 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: Introduction Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
958
Skill: Factual 240.
DSM-5 personality disorders in Cluster C includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.1 Skill: Factual
241.
DSM-5 personality disorders in Cluster A includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.1 Skill: Factual
242.
DSM-5 personality disorders in Cluster B consists of antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.1 Skill: Factual
243.
DSM-5 personality disorders in Cluster C includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.1 Skill: Factual
244.
Clinicians need to weigh cultural and sociopolitical factors when arriving at a diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 455 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
245.
Clinicians need to remain objective and unbiased by ignoring a client’s culture and religious beliefs when arriving at a diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 455 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
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246.
The person with a schizoid personality has a deep interest in maintaining social relationships. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 455 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
247.
Individuals with avoidant personality disorder seem indifferent to criticism or praise and appear to be wrapped up in abstract ideas rather than in thoughts about people. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
248.
Individuals with avoidant personality disorder show a chronic pattern of avoiding social relationships due to fears of rejection. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
249.
The emotions of people with schizoid personalities are as shallow or blunted as those of people with schizophrenia. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 455 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
250.
The apparent social distance and aloofness of people with schizoid personalities may be somewhat superficial. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 456 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
251.
People with schizoid personalities may have little appetite for sex, but harbor voyeuristic wishes or become absorbed with pornography. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 456 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
252.
Social isolation is the cardinal feature of schizoid personality disorder. ANSWER: T Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 455 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual 253.
People with schizotypal personality disorder may develop ideas of reference, such as believing that others are talking about them behind their backs. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 456 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
254.
People with schizotypal personality disorder often have other co-occurring emotional disorders, such as major depression and anxiety disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 456 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
255.
Some people with schizotypal personality disorder may engage in magical thinking, such as believing they possess a “sixth sense.” ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 456 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
256.
Investigators find higher rates of schizotypal disorder among African Americans than among Caucasians or Hispanic Americans. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
257.
Schizotypal personality disorder is slightly more common in males than in females. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
258.
Schizotypal personality disorder is believed to affect about 9.6% of the general population. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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259.
There is evidence that schizotypal personality and schizophrenia share a common genetic basis. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
260.
Most people with schizotypal personality disorder go on to develop schizophrenia or some other psychotic disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
261.
Not all criminals have antisocial personalities, nor do all people with antisocial personality disorder become criminals. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
262.
People with antisocial personalities tend to be impulsive and fail to live up to their commitments to others. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
263.
"Psychopath" and "sociopath" refer to antisocial personality disorder. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
264.
Antisocial personality disorder is the most extensively studied personality disorder. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
265.
Psychopath and sociopath are terms that are synonymous with one another. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 266.
People with psychopathic personalities inevitably run afoul of the law. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
267.
Some people can intentionally injure others without experiencing feelings of guilt or remorse. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 459 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
268.
Lack of remorse, which is a cardinal feature of antisocial personality disorder, characterizes all criminals. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 458 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
269.
Research findings support the popular image of psychopathic murderers as “cold-blooded” killers. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 461 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
270.
Many notable figures in history, including Lawrence of Arabia, Adolf Hitler, and Marilyn Monroe, have been depicted as borderline personalities. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 461 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
271.
Many notable figures in history, including Lawrence of Arabia, Adolf Hitler, and Marilyn Monroe, have been depicted as antisocial personalities. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 461 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
272.
Borderline personality disorder is believed to affect as much as 6% of the general adult population. ANSWER: T Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
963
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 461 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual 273.
Women more frequently receive the diagnosis borderline personality than men. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 461 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
274.
People with borderline personalities usually make good psychotherapy clients and tend to have high "cure" rates. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 463 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
275.
People with borderline personalities shift back and forth between viewing people as all good or all bad, rather than as partly good and partly bad. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 460 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
276.
About three out of four people with borderline personality disorder make suicide attempts, and about one in 10 eventually commits suicide. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 462 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
277.
Many features of borderline personality, including suicidal thinking, turbulent emotions, self-harm, and impulsivity, tend to improve over a period of years. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 463 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
278.
Histrionic personality disorder is diagnosed more frequently in men than in women. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 461 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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279.
People with histrionic personality disorder are often attracted to professions like acting. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 464 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
280.
People with histrionic personalities become unusually upset by news of a sad event and exude exaggerated delight at a pleasant occurrence. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 464 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
281.
People with narcissistic personality are most likely to be women. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 465 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
282.
Narkissos was a handsome youth who, according to Greek myth, fell in love with his reflection in a spring. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 464 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
283.
People with narcissistic personalities seek the company of those that will admire them. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 466 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
284.
Avoidant personality disorder is more common in men than in women. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 467 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
285.
Unlike people with schizoid personalities, people with avoidant personalities have little or no interest in or feelings of warmth toward other people. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 467 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual 286.
People with avoidant personalities tend to avoid only specific situations which make them anxious, such as public speaking or large parties. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 467 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual
287.
Avoidant personality disorder is believed to affect upwards of 5% of the general population. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 467 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual
288.
Dependent personality is diagnosed more frequently in women than in men. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 468 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual
289.
People with dependent personality disorder have such difficulty making independent decisions that in some cases they allow their parents to decide who they will or will not marry. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 468 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual
290.
People with dependent personalities often attribute their problems to emotional rather than physical problems. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 469 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual
291.
Dependent personality disorder works as an insulator against other psychological disorders and health problems. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 469 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual
292.
Persons with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are preoccupied with perfection. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
966
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 469 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual 293.
Estimates of the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder vary from 2.1% to 7.9% of the population. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 469 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual
294.
There is a high degree of overlap among the personality disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 471 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Factual
295.
Co-occurrence (called comorbidity) of different personality disorders is not common. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 471 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Factual
296.
It is often difficult to draw the line between normal variations in behavior and personality disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 470 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Factual
297.
A problem with the diagnosis of personality disorders is that they involve personality traits, which, in lesser degrees, describe the behavior of most normal individuals. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 470 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Factual
298.
The DSM-5.1 may diagnose personality using a hybrid dimensional–categorical model that is part categorical and part dimensional. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 470 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Skill: Factual 299.
Freud has been criticized for failing to account for the moral development of females. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 473 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Factual
300.
Kernberg views antisocial personality in terms of a failure in early childhood to develop a sense of constancy and unity in one’s image of oneself and others. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 473 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Factual
301.
According to Mahler, the mother may disrupt normal separation-individuation by refusing to let go of the child or by too quickly pushing the child toward independence. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 474 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Factual
302.
A strength of psychodynamic theory is that it is based largely on inferences drawn from behavior and retrospective accounts of adults rather than on observations of children. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 475 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.6 Skill: Factual
303.
Millon suggests that histrionic personality disorder may be rooted in childhood experiences in which social reinforcers, such as parental attention, are connected to the child’s appearance and willingness to perform for others. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 475 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.7 Skill: Factual
304.
Social-cognitive theories emphasize the role of the unconscious in explaining the origins of antisocial behavior. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 475 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.7 Skill: Factual
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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305.
Social-cognitive theories emphasize the role of reinforcement in explaining the origins of antisocial behaviors. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 475 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.7 Skill: Factual
306.
There are far more psychopathic personalities in executive positions in business than in prison. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 476 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.7 Skill: Factual
307.
Childhood abuse, parental neglect, or lack of parental nurturing have not proven to be important risk factors in the development of antisocial personality disorder in adulthood. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 477 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.8 Skill: Factual
308.
Consistent with psychodynamic theory, family factors such as parental overprotection and authoritarianism are implicated in the development of dependent personality traits. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 477 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.8 Skill: Factual
309.
People with antisocial personality tend to remain unduly calm in the face of impending pain. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 478 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Factual
310.
The central nervous systems of people with antisocial personality disorder appear to be underresponsive to stressful stimuli. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 478 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Factual
311.
There is little evidence for genetic factors playing a role in several types of personality disorders, including antisocial, narcissistic, paranoid, and borderline types. ANSWER: F Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 477 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.9 Skill: Factual 312.
Antisocial personality disorder is most common among members of the upper class. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 480 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.10 Skill: Factual
313.
Little information is available about the rates of personality disorders in other cultures. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 480 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.10 Skill: Factual
314.
Social problems such as alcohol and drug abuse, teenage pregnancy, and disorganized and disintegrating families do not lead to child abuse and neglect. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 480 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.10 Skill: Factual
315.
Promising results are reported using structured forms of psychodynamically-oriented therapies in treating personality disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 482 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.11 Skill: Factual
316.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is specifically designed to treat schizotypal personality disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 483 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.12 Skill: Factual
317.
Drug therapy does not directly treat personality disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 484 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.13 Skill: Factual
318.
The DSM includes a category of mental disorders called impulse-control disorders that are characterized by Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
970
difficulties in controlling or restraining impulsive behavior. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 484 Topic: Impulse-Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.14 Skill: Factual 319.
Kleptomania is considered a rare condition, affecting less than 1% of the general population, but occurring more frequently in women by a ratio of about three to one. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 485 Topic: Impulse-Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.15 Skill: Factual
320.
Typically, people with intermittent explosive disorder attempt to justify their behavior, but they also feel genuine remorse or regret because of the harm their behavior causes. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 486 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.16 Skill: Factual
321.
Some clinicians argue that anger disorders should be included in the DSM. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 487 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.16 Skill: Factual
322.
Some theorists express the concern that diagnosing anger disorders might undermine efforts to reduce intimate partner violence. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 487 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.16 Skill: Factual
323.
A large percentage of arsonists are diagnosed with pyromania. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 488 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.17 Skill: Factual
Essay Questions 324.
Define "personality disorder." List and describe each of the three personality clusters used to categorize personality disorders with the DSM. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
971
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.1 Skill: Conceptual 325.
Provide a description of each of the Cluster A personality disorders. What are the common features shared by this cluster? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Conceptual
326.
Provide a description of each of the Cluster B personality disorders. What are the common features shared by this cluster? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
327.
Provide a description of each of the Cluster C personality disorders. What are the common features shared by this cluster? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
328.
Describe the features of paranoid personality disorder. How does the paranoia of a person with paranoid personality disorder differ from that experienced by someone with schizophrenia? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 454 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
329.
Why is it important to weigh in the impact of cultural and sociopolitical factors when arriving at a diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 455 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
330.
Discuss the emotional features of the individual with schizoid personality disorder. Integrate what is known about the inner emotional lives of individuals with this diagnosis (for example, having curiosity about other people). Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 455 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Conceptual
331.
Describe the unusual perceptions experienced by the person with schizotypal personality disorder. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
972
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 456 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual 332.
Discuss the relationship between schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia. Describe the biological commonalities between the two diagnoses. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.2 Skill: Factual
333.
Discuss the two dimensions of antisocial personality disorder. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 457 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
334.
Discuss the difficulties with emotional regulation exhibited by individuals with borderline personality disorder. What purpose might maladaptive behaviors serve for the person with borderline personality disorder? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 460 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Factual
335.
What is purpose of self-mutilation with the person with borderline personality disorder? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 463 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Conceptual
336.
Describe and discuss a person who has been diagnosed as having a narcissistic personality disorder—focus your discussion on this person’s relationships. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 465 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.3 Skill: Conceptual
337.
What disorder does avoidant personality disorder overlap? What does this overlap suggest about the relationship between the two disorders? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 467 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Factual
338.
Why should dependency needs be examined through the lens of culture when determining if this characteristic is diagnosable as a psychological disorder?
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973
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 468 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.4 Skill: Conceptual 339.
Describe the hybrid dimensional-categorical model currently being considered for DSM-5.1. What are some of the concerns with the use of such a model? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 470 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Conceptual
340.
How does the overlap among descriptions of personality disorders with other disorders and within themselves create problems in diagnosis? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 471 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Conceptual
341.
Explain the problem of confusing diagnostic labels with explanation. How might this lead to circular reasoning? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 471 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Conceptual
342.
Explain how the construction of certain personality disorders may have sexist underpinnings. Does the diagnosis of dependent personality disorder unfairly stigmatize women who have been socialized into dependent roles by attaching to them a label of a personality disorder? Explain. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 472 Topic: Types of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.5 Skill: Conceptual
343.
Describe in detail how social conditions may contribute to the development of personality disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 477 Topic: Theoretical Perspectives Learning Objective: 12.8 Skill: Conceptual
344.
Your text emphasizes a multifactorial model of abnormal behavior, the view that psychological disorders result from a complex web of psychological, sociocultural, and biological factors. Apply this model in understanding personality disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 480 Topic: Tying it Together: A Multifactorial Pathway in the Development of Antisocial Personality Disorder Learning Objective: 12.10 Skill: Conceptual
345.
What is the aim of a psychodynamic approach to treatment of a personality disorder? Discuss the promising results being noted in using structured forms of psychodynamic therapies in treating personality disorders. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
974
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 482 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.11 Skill: Conceptual 346.
Describe Marsha Linehan’s Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). What is meant by dialectic? What techniques are incorporated in this approach to treatment? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 482-483 Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders Learning Objective: 12.12 Skill: Conceptual
347.
Explain what impulse control disorders are, and briefly describe at least five types of impulse control disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 484 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.14 Skill: Factual
348.
Describe the prevalence, features, and characteristics of kleptomania. How is it similar to, or different from, obsessive-compulsive disorder? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 485 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.15 Skill: Conceptual
349.
Should the DSM include a diagnostic category for anger disorder? Why or why not? Include Jerry Deffenbacher’s position in your argument. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 487 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.16 Skill: Conceptual
350.
Describe the features and characteristics of pyromania. What do individuals who set fires find reinforcing about the act? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 488 Topic: Impulse Control Disorders Learning Objective: 12.17 Skill: Conceptual
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975
REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS EOC Q12.1 The DSM groups personality disorders into three clusters: odd or eccentric behavior; dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior; and . a) b) c) d)
destructive or passive-aggressive behavior temperamental or unpredictable behavior anxious or fearful behavior maladaptive or damaging behavior
Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.1 Identify three clusters of personality disorders used in the DSM system. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Easy EOC Q12.2 Although there is no evidence to support it, Simone is constantly suspicious and worried that her coworkers are out to get her fired. She has been diagnosed with personality disorder. Which is the most likely diagnosis? a) b) c) d)
schizotypal personality disorder schizoid personality disorder paranoid personality disorder borderline personality disorder
Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe the key features of personality disorders characterized by odd or eccentric behavior. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q12.3 Rob, a first-year medical student, is preoccupied with fantasies of success, power, and recognition for his “brilliance.” He devotes himself tirelessly to his work and is constantly seeking recognition from others. He is also extremely sensitive to the slightest hint of rejection or criticism. According to the criteria of the DSM-5, a diagnosis of personality disorder would be most appropriate. a) b) c) d)
narcissistic histrionic borderline obsessive-compulsive
Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.3 Describe the key features of personality disorders characterized by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q12.4 At work, John eats alone, avoids socializing with his coworkers, and has yet to make it to any company picnics or gatherings. Since John’s withdrawal is based on an intense fear of rejection rather than a lack of interest in people, he would most likely be diagnosed with personality disorder. a) b) c) d)
antisocial avoidant dependent schizoid
Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.4 Describe the key features of personality disorders characterized by anxious or fearful behavior. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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977
EOC Q12.5 The high rate of comorbidity of different personality disorders points to which of the following problems with the classification of these disorders? a) b) c) d)
confusion between categorical and dimensional disorders difficulty distinguishing between personality disorders and mood disorders personality disorders that are not sufficiently distinct from each other confusion between labeling and explaining behavior
Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.5 Evaluate problems associated with the classification of personality disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q12.6 According to childhood. a) b) c) d)
_, children go through a normal stage of healthy narcissism in early
Hans Kohut Sigmund Freud Otto Kernberg Aaron Beck
Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe psychodynamic perspectives on the development of personality disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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978
EOC Q12.7 Psychologist Theodore Millon suggests that children whose behavior is rigidly controlled and punished by parents, even for minor transgressions, may develop behavioral characteristics associated with which personality disorder? a) b) c) d)
antisocial personality disorder obsessive-compulsive personality disorder narcissistic personality disorder histrionic personality disorder
Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.7 Describe learning theory perspectives on the development of personality disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q12.8 Applying a family perspective on the development of personality disorders, researchers found that compared to others, people with personality disorder remember their parents as more controlling and less caring, or as failing to protect them. a) b) c) d)
avoidant borderline schizotypal narcissistic
Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.8 Describe the role of family relationships in the development of personality disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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979
EOC Q12.9 Kevin’s clinician believes that Kevin’s personality disorder is rooted in a brain abnormality in the , a brain region involved in processing emotional responses and forming new memories. a) b) c) d)
medulla oblongata cerebellum limbic system parietal lobe
Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.9 Describe biological perspectives on the development of personality disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q12.10 The was developed in an effort to standardize diagnostic tools that could be used to arrive at diagnoses worldwide. a) b) c) d)
International Personality Disorder Examination Big Five Personality model Worldwide Personality Assessment Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.10 Describe sociocultural perspectives on the development of personality disorders. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate
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980
EOC Q12.11 Compared to traditional psychoanalysts, therapists adopting more structured forms of psychodynamically oriented therapy are more in their approach with the client in treating of personality disorders. a) b) c) d)
confrontational forgiving indirect accepting
Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.11 Describe psychodynamic approaches to treating personality disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q12.12 The cognitive-behavioral therapist focuses on helping the individual identify and correct distorted thinking, such as the tendency to see oneself as completely defective and helpless. a) b) c) d)
Aaron Beck Hans Kohut Margaret Mahler Theodore Millon
Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.12 Describe cognitive-behavioral approaches to treating personality disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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981
EOC Q12.13 The beneficial effects of atypical antipsychotics in controlling aggressive and self-destructive behavior is borderline personality disorder are best described as _. a) b) c) d)
modest substantial long lasting nonexistent
Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.13 Describe drug therapy approaches to treating personality disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q12.14 People with impulse-control disorders often have other psychological disorders, especially , which leads some investigators to question whether impulse-control disorders should be classified in their own diagnostic category. a) b) c) d)
mood disorders personality disorders eating disorders disorders of depression
Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.14 Describe the key features of impulse-control disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q12.15 The traditional psychodynamic perspective on kleptomania among women is that it is a defense against . a) b) c) d)
unconscious penis envy id overload ego conflict castration anxiety
Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.15 Describe the key features of kleptomania. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
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982
EOC Q12.16 Which of the following drug categories have demonstrated success in the treatment of intermittent explosive disorder? a) b) c) d)
antidepressant drugs anti-anxiety drugs neuroleptic drugs anti-inflammatory drugs
Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.16 Describe the key features of intermittent explosive disorder. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOC Q12.17 is characterized by repeated acts of compulsive fire-setting in response to irresistible urges. a) b) c) d)
Psynomania Pseudomania Pyromania Trichotillomania
Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.17 Describe the key features of pyromania. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q12.1.1 Which DSM cluster of personality disorders includes antisocial personality disorder? a) b) c) d)
Cluster A: Disorders involving odd or eccentric behavior. Cluster B: Disorders involving overly dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior. Cluster C: Disorders involving anxious or fearful behavior. Cluster D: Disorders involving significant mood swings.
Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.1 Identify three clusters of personality disorders used in the DSM system. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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983
EOM Q12.1.2 Oliver has been diagnosed with a personality disorder. He has a lack of interest in social relationships, shallow emotions, and experiences social withdrawal. Which diagnosis best matches the description of Oliver’s behavior? a) b) c) d)
schizotypal personality disorder antisocial personality disorder avoidant personality disorder schizoid personality disorder
Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe the key features of personality disorders characterized by odd or eccentric behavior. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q12.1.3 Zelda is dramatic, impulsive, engages in self-injury, and makes frequent suicidal references. Her behavior most closely matches the DSM-5 diagnosis of personality disorder. a) b) c) d)
narcissistic depressive borderline bipolar
Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.3 Describe the key features of personality disorders characterized by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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984
EOM Q12.1.4 Because there are strong social pressures for women to be demure, deferential, and passive in some cultures, it could be that personality disorder in women reflects cultural influences rather than an underlying personality disorder. a) b) c) d)
dependent social anxiety independent avoidant
Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.4 Describe the key features of personality disorders characterized by anxious or fearful behavior. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q12.1.5 A clinician who views personality disorders as maladaptive versions of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and/or conscientiousness would most likely be a proponent of which model of personality? a) b) c) d)
Cattell’s 16PF model Freud’s psychodynamic model the Five-Factor model Rogers’s humanistic model
Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.5 Evaluate problems associated with the classification of personality disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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985
EOM Q12.2.1 According to Otto Kernberg, personality disorder stems from a childhood failure to develop a sense of constancy and unity in one’s image of self and others. a) b) c) d)
narcissistic schizoid borderline avoidant
Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe psychodynamic perspectives on the development of personality disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q12.2.2 helps aggressive, antisocial children and adolescents reconceptualize conflict situations as problems to be solved, rather than as threats to be responded to aggressively. a) b) c) d)
Problem-solving therapy Rational behavior therapy Interpersonal psychotherapy Dialectical behavior therapy
Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.7 Describe learning theory perspectives on the development of personality disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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986
EOM Q12.2.3 Family theory perspectives suggest that parental overprotection and authoritarianism are implicated in the development of dependent personality traits. Which other theoretical perspective is most consistent with this view? a) b) c) d)
sociocultural theory cognitive theory psychodynamic theory learning theory
Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.8 Describe the role of family relationships in the development of personality disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q12.2.4 Matt has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. According to Hervey Cleckley, what can Matt do better than most individuals? a) b) c) d)
remember details maintain composure in stressful situations read nonverbal interaction cues maintain alertness
Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.9 Describe biological perspectives on the development of personality disorders. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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987
EOM Q12.2.5 The finding that personality disorder is reported most frequently among people from lower socioeconomic classes suggests that stressors encountered by disadvantaged families may contribute to the development of this disorder. a) b) c) d)
borderline schizoid histrionic antisocial
Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.10 Describe sociocultural perspectives on the development of personality disorders. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q12.3.1 Janie has been diagnosed with a personality disorder and her therapist focuses on helping understand her personality structure and the childhood roots of her self-defeating behavior. Janie’s therapist is most likely taking a _ approach. a) b) c) d)
cognitive-behavioral psychodynamic sociocultural biological
Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.11 Describe psychodynamic approaches to treating personality disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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988
EOM Q12.3.2 Chris is in a cognitive-behavioral residential program which uses a system that rewards prosocial behaviors with items such as plastic chips that be exchanged for privileges in order to help residents change maladaptive behaviors. This type of system is called a(n) . a) b) c) d)
conditional community adaptive community reward-driven economy token economy
Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.12 Describe cognitive-behavioral approaches to treating personality disorders. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q12.3.3 therapy combines cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness meditation to help people with borderline personality disorder accept and tolerate strong negative emotions. a) b) c) d)
Anxiety management Social skills Dialectical behavior Psychoanalytic
Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.12 Describe cognitive-behavioral approaches to treating personality disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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989
EOM Q12.3.4 Irregularities in the activity of which of the following neurotransmitters has been implicated in aggressive behavior of the type seen in borderline personality disorder? a) b) c) d)
serotonin melatonin epinephrine glutamate
Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.13 Describe drug therapy approaches to treating personality disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q12.3.5 headed the group of therapists responsible for the development of dialectical behavior therapy. a) b) c) d)
Marsha Linehan Aaron Beck Otto Kernberg Sigmund Freud
Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.12 Describe cognitive-behavioral approaches to treating personality disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q12.4.1 Joe has been diagnosed with an impulse-control disorder. He typically feels a rising level of tension just prior to his impulsive act followed by a sense of after the act is completed. a) b) c) d)
hopelessness panic relief guilt
Answer: c Learning Objective: 12.14 Describe the key features of impulse-control disorders. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
990
EOM Q12.4.2 shares common features with obsessive-compulsive disorder, such as the presence of an irresistible, repetitive pattern of behavior. a) b) c) d)
Schizoid Neumania Narcissism Kleptomania
Answer: d Learning Objective: 12.15 Describe the key features of kleptomania. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q12.4.3 Kleptomania affects more women than men, at a ratio of approximately a) b) c) d)
.
2 to 1 3 to 1 5 to 1 10 to 1
Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.15 Describe the key features of kleptomania. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q12.4.4 is an impulse-control disorder characterized by repeated episodes of impulsive, uncontrolled aggression. a) b) c) d)
Hegemonic masculinity disorder Intermittent explosive disorder Trichotillomania Anger management disorder
Answer: b Learning Objective: 12.16 Describe the key features of intermittent explosive disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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991
EOM Q12.4.5 Emory has been diagnosed with pyromania. Treatment will most likely involve therapy, focusing on thoughts and situational cues that prompt his fire-setting urges. a) b) c) d)
cognitive-behavioral humanistic psychodynamic biological
Answer: a Learning Objective: 12.17 Describe the key features of pyromania. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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992
Total Assessment Guide Topic Learning Objective Introduction
Learning Objective 13.1
Learning Objective 13.2
Learning Objective 13.3
Factual 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Conceptual
Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
7, 8
9
276, 277, 278 379 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16
380 15
True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 13.4
Learning Objective 13.5
Learning Objective 13.6
Learning Objective 13.7
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Essay
381 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286 382, 383 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 58 287, 288 60, 61, 64, 65, 66
29, 41
Applied
21, 32, 33
56, 57
59
62, 63
122
79, 80, 81, 82, 90, 99, 103, 126, 127
289, 290, 291 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72 292, 293 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125, 128 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313 384, 385, 386, 387,
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993
Topic Learning Objective 13.8
Multiple Choice True-False
Learning Objective 13.9
Learning Objective 13.10
Learning Objective 13.11
Learning Objective 13.12
Learning Objective 13.13
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 13.14
Learning Objective 13.15
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 13.16
Essay Multiple Choice True-False
Learning Objective 13.17
Essay Multiple Choice
Factual 388 129, 130, 131, 132 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319 389 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159 320, 321, 322, 323 390, 392 160, 161
Conceptual
Applied
144, 145, 150
391 162, 163
393 164, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173 324, 325, 326 394
165, 169
174 327 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338 395, 396 195, 196, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202, 203 339, 340, 341, 342 398 204, 205, 206, 208, 209, 210, 212, 215, 216, 217 343, 344, 345, 346, 347 399 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 227 348, 349, 350, 351, 352 400 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239,
179
397 199
211, 213, 214
207
224, 225, 226
219
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994
Topic True-False
Learning Objective 13.18
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 13.19
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 13.20
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay
Factual 240, 241 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361 401 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369 403 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 262, 263, 264, 265, 267, 268, 269 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376 404 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275 377, 378
Conceptual
402
260, 261, 266
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995
Applied
13 Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Multiple-Choice Questions 1.
Donna Williams, an autistic woman, was taken to a doctor at the age of three because her parents were concerned she . a. was malnourished c. lacked interest in other children b. would not play with them d. had too many temper tantrums ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
2.
Page: 494
Many disorders with children are first identified . a. during a yearly check with the child’s pediatrician b. by relatives of the child c. when the child enters school d. when the child is found to have trouble making friends ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 495 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
3.
Many children are misdiagnosed when clinicians . a. fail to take developmental expectations into account b. fail to take the child’s economic background into account c. limit information-gathering about the child to the parents d. do not consider the impact of the child’s school on how the child behaves ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 495 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
4.
is the category within the DSM-5 that has many of the psychological disorders affecting children and adolescents. a. Neurodevelopment disorders c. Separation anxiety disorder b. Autism d. Major depressive disorder ANSWER: A Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 495 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual 5.
is classified as a neurodevelopment disorder in the DSM-5. a. Enuresis c. Separation anxiety disorder b. Encopresis d. Autism spectrum disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 495 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
6. a. b. c. d.
are classified as neurodevelopment disorders in the DSM-5. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and pica Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder Pica and separation anxiety disorder Enuresis and encopresis
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 495 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual 7.
In a research study comparing American and Thai parents’ attitudes to children’s “overcontrol” and “undercontrol,” the Thai parents rated as compared to the American parents. a. overcontrol as a problem but not undercontrol b. undercontrol as a problem but not overcontrol c. both sets of problems as less serious d. both sets of problems as more serious ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 496 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.1 Skill: Factual
8.
Play therapy, in which a child enacts family conflicts through play activities, such as play-acting with dolls or puppets, was developed by . a. psychodynamic therapists c. humanistic therapists b. behavioral therapists d. cognitive therapists ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 496 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.1 Skill: Factual
9.
Which of the following is true of psychotherapy with children? a. It is similar in most important aspects to therapy with adults. b. If treated in an inviting, nonthreatening manner, most children have the ability to sit through a therapy session. c. Children may not have the verbal skills to express their feelings through speech. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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d.
Therapy methods must be focus on what the child wants to talk about along with rewards for participating in the session.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 496 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.1 Skill: Conceptual 10. One in a. five b. ten
children suffers from a mental disorder severe enough to impair personal development. c. fifteen d. twenty
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 496 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.2 Skill: Factual 11. a. b.
The most commonly diagnosed psychological problem(s) in children age 6 to 17 . are learning disorders c. is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is conduct disorder d. is major depression
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 496 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.2 Skill: Factual 12. A national telephone survey found that percent of girls from 12 to 17 reported that they had suffered from major depression in the preceding six months. a. 4 c. 24 b. 14 d. 34 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 496 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.2 Skill: Factual 13. A national telephone survey of American youth aged 12 to 17 found that girls were boys to suffer from major depression in the 6 months preceding the survey. a. half c. twice b. just d. five times ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 496 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.2 Skill: Factual 14. The majority of children with mental health disorders . a. are referred to mental health professionals by their teachers b. are referred to mental health professionals by their pediatricians c. fail to obtain the treatment that they need d. have separation anxiety disorder Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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as likely as
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 496 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.2 Skill: Factual 15. Which childhood behavior problem is least likely to result in treatment? a. Depression c. Setting fires b. Stealing d. Fighting ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 496 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.2 Skill: Conceptual 16. Which of the following statements is true? a. Girls are at greater risk for developing Gender Identity Disorder. b. Girls are at greater risk for developing many childhood problems, ranging from autism to hyperactivity to elimination disorders. c. In childhood, problems of anxiety and depression affect girls more often than boys. d. In adolescence, problems of depression affect girls more often than boys. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 496 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.2 Skill: Factual 17. In childhood, boys are at a. less b. greater
risk than girls for developing problems of depression. c. equal d. unknown
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 497 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 18. Boys are more likely than girls to develop which of the following disorders? a. Anorexia nervosa c. Bulimia nervosa b. Hysteria d. Elimination problems ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 497 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 19. Anxiety and mood disorders become more common among females than males for the first time during . a. childhood c. young adulthood b. adolescence d. middle adulthood ANSWER: B Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 497 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 20.
children have problems in forming healthy peer relationships and developing empathy and a sense of conscience. a. Overprotected c. Pushed and overly scheduled b. Dyslexic d. Physically abused ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 497 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual
21. Walter is a 13-year-old boy who tortures animals, picks fights with smaller boys, underachieves in school, and talks about committing suicide. His behavior problems suggest that he may have been . a. adopted b. physically abused or neglected c. a victim of fragile X syndrome d. brain damaged either before or during birth ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 497 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Applied 22. Each year, a. 550,000 b. 3.5 million
children in the United States are abused or neglected. c. 5.5 million d. 10.5 million
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 497 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 23.
is defined as a set of behaviors representing persistent deficits in communication and social interactions and restricted or fixated interests and repetitive behaviors. a. A learning disorder c. Autism spectrum disorder b. Disruptive behavior disorder d. Communication disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 498 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual
24. Autism is a condition. a. mild, short-term b. severe, short-term
c. d.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1
Page: 499
mild, lifelong severe, lifelong
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Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 25. The term "autism" derives from the Greek word meaning a. self c. inward b. lost d. alone
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 499 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 26. Autism was first used to describe a characteristic of . a. what we now refer to as antisocial personality disorder b. social withdrawal, attributable to depression c. schizophrenic thinking d. the manic phase of bipolar disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 499 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 27. The term “autism” was introduced by a. Carl Jung b. Emil Kraeplin
. c. d.
Ivor Lovaas Eugen Bleuler
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 499 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 28. In 1943, the phrase “early infantile autism” was first applied to a group of disturbed children by a. Ivar Lovaas c. Fred Volkmar b. Leo Kanner d. Eugen Bleuler ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 499 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 29. Autistic thinking is the tendency to . a. engage in persistently obsessive thought patterns b. see oneself as the center of the universe c. see oneself as being "swallowed up" by the universe d. engage in abstract thinking patterns that no one else can understand ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 499 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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.
Skill: Conceptual 30. Children with autism seem to a. shut out any b. under-respond to all
input from the outside world. c. distort all d. focus only on
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 499 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 31. In the previous version of the DSM, were used to describe distinct disorders within the autism spectrum. a. Asperger’s disorder and childhood disintegrative disorder b. Asperger’s disorder and Tourette’s syndrome c. Tourette’s syndrome and Rett’s disorder d. childhood disintegrative disorder and Tourette’s syndrome ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 500 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 32. Charlie is an eight-year-old who has not developed friends or relationships, is obsessed with dinosaurs, displays repetitive behaviors, but has normal speech abilities. Charlie is probably exhibiting signs of . a. Asperger’s disorder c. Wilson’s disorder b. Rett’s disorder d. Tourette’s syndrome ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 500 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Applied 33. Marty is in middle school. He is an intelligent boy with good language skills. He is fascinated with the local train schedule and likes to make sure that the train arrives and leaves on time every day. Marty does not like to play with other children and he has difficulty making eye contact with anyone. Marty has diagnostic features of . a. Rett’s disorder c. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder b. childhood disintegrative disorder d. Asperger’s disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 500 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Applied 34. An autism spectrum disorder characterized by social deficits and stereotyped behavior but without the significant language or cognitive delays associated with autism is . a. Rett’s disorder c. Asperger’s disorder b. intellectual developmental disorder d. childhood disintegrative disorder ANSWER: C Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 500 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 35. The prevalence of autism has been a. decreasing b. about the same
c. d.
over the past 20 years. slightly increasing dramatically increasing
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 500 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 36. Experts attribute much of the rise in reported cases of autism to . a. greater awareness of the disorder c. hormones within our diet b. over diagnosing of the disorder d. vaccinations ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 500 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 37. There is an increased probability of autism occurring with _ a. older fathers c. younger fathers b. older mothers d. younger mothers
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 38. About 1 in a. 15 b. 50
children in the United States suffer from an autism spectrum disorder. c. 110 d. 300
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 500 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 39. In 2013, researchers estimated that spectrum disorder. a. 1 b. 2
percent of children in the United States have an autism c. d.
5 10
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 500 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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40. The number of reported cases of autism spectrum disorders has a. increased slightly b. decreased slightly c. decreased dramatically d. increased dramatically
in the past twenty years.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 500 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 41. The increase in the number of children in the United States diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder may be due to a(n) . a. increase in the numbers of vaccinations given b. increase in the amount of food dyes and food additives c. decrease in the numbers of cases of Asperger’s disorder and other milder forms of autism spectrum disorder d. increase in the numbers of cases of Asperger’s disorder and other milder forms of autism spectrum disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 500 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Conceptual 42. Some parents of children with worry that their children may not meet the DSM-5 criteria for autism spectrum disorder and thus not receive treatment services or reimbursement for these services. a. Rett’s Disorder b. Tourette’s syndrome c. Asperger’s disorder d. autism ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 500 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 43. Investigators have linked an increased risk of both autism and schizophrenia in children with a. older fathers b. older mothers c. younger fathers d. younger mothers ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 44. Scientists have between autism and childhood vaccines. a. failed to find any association c. found a moderate connection b. found only minor correlations d. found a very strong link
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.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 45. Autism occurs in boys as compared to girls. a. equally c. twice as much b. two-thirds as much d. nearly five times as much ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 46. The clinical features of autism generally become evident between a. 5 and 10 months c. 18 and 30 months b. 12 and 18 months d. 30 and 36 months
of age.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 47. Autism is usually not accurately diagnosed until age a. two c. six b. four d. eight
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 48.
Which factor would result in a poorer prognosis for autistic children? a. Delay in diagnosis c. Urban residence b. An autistic sibling d. Restricted diet ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 49. Children who are eventually diagnosed with autism are often described by their parents as having been babies early in infancy. a. demanding c. passive b. active d. good ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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50. The most poignant feature of autism is the child's . a. ritualistic behavior c. panic episodes b. communication difficulties d. utter aloneness ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.4 Skill: Factual 51. Which of the following is true of children with autism? a. They maintain good eye contact but typically are not drawn to social exchanges. b. As they develop, they begin to reject affectionate contacts such as hugging, kissing, and cuddling with their parents. c. They are often described by their parents as having been difficult babies during early infancy. d. They have distinctive, unusual facial features and have an "intelligent look" about them. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.4 Skill: Factual 52. Language and communication problems displayed by children with autism include which of the following? a. Throat clearing and a raspy voice c. Pronoun reversals b. Speaking in a monotone d. Being excessively gregarious ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.4 Skill: Factual 53. Children with autism are bound by a. separation anxiety b. psychotic episodes
. c. d.
ritual fantasy playmates
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 502 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.4 Skill: Factual 54. Preservation of sameness is an important feature of . a. autism c. ADHD b. separation anxiety disorder d. Tourette’s syndrome ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.4 Skill: Factual 55. Which of the following is true? a. Autistic children have an unusually well-developed and differentiated self-concept. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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b. c. d.
Most autistic children show no evidence of intellectual developmental disorder. Autistic children tend to be overly friendly and trusting of others. Because of difficulties in trying to test them, we can only estimate the intellectual ability of most autistic children.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 502 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.4 Skill: Factual 56. Peter is unresponsive to most social stimuli. He rarely smiles, talks, or makes eye contact with others. He seems indifferent to everyone, including his parents. He engages in solitary, ritualistic behaviors such as constantly flapping his hands. He sometimes goes into sudden tantrums or panics. He also insists on the same familiar food each day. Peter's disorder is most likely . a. autism c. intellectual developmental disorder b. childhood schizophrenia d. avoidant disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 502 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.4 Skill: Applied 57. Billy is two years old and rarely speaks or uses gestures. He does not like to be cuddled by his parents nor anyone else for that matter. He does not play with his siblings, but prefers to play alone. His play is repetitious and without emotional expression or imagination. Billy meets the criteria for . a. Rett’s disorder c. Asperger’s disorder b. autism d. childhood disintegrative disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 502 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.4 Skill: Applied 58. A child who repeatedly bangs his or her head, refuses to interact socially, avoids eye contact, and has impaired communication has characteristics of . a. Rett’s disorder c. Asperger’s disorder b. childhood disintegrative disorder d. autism ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 502 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.4 Skill: Factual 59. Early views on autism blamed parents for causing the disorder. a. overly attached and protective b. emotionally unstable and hysterical c. overly demanding and perfectionistic d. cold and detached ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 502 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 13.5 Skill: Conceptual 60. Research has a. not b. partly
supported the notion that autism in children is caused by cold and detached parents. c. mostly d. completely
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 502 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.5 Skill: Factual 61. The researcher known for developing a cognitive-learning perspective on autism is a. Bandura c. Lovaas b. Kleckley d. Lazarus
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 502 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.5 Skill: Factual 62. Emmy takes her autistic child to a psychiatrist for an evaluation. The psychiatrist suggests that the child's autism developed as a result of perceptual deficits. According to this argument, rather than associating Emmy with food, warmth, and the clothing she provides, her child focuses exclusively on the food and clothing, and is thus unable to develop normal emotional bonds with Emmy. This psychiatrist is most likely a . a. psychodynamic theorist c. cognitive-learning theorist b. humanistic theorist d. biological theorist ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 502 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.5 Skill: Applied 63. Autistic children often have difficulties integrating information from a. only the auditory sense b. their various memories of childhood c. new learning with old learning d. his or her various senses
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 503 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.5 Skill: Applied 64. Currently, scientists' suspicions are focused on as the primary cause of autism. a. underlying biological abnormalities b. dysfunctional family relationships c. impoverished learning environments in early childhood d. dietary abnormalities in infancy ANSWER: A Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 503 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.5 Skill: Factual 65. Which one of the following statements is true? a. Children with autism have no known perceptual deficits. b. Children with autism have difficulty engaging in fine motor skills tasks. c. Children with autism vary at times from being unduly sensitive to an external situation to being almost completely insensitive to it d. Children with autism have very small brain ventricles. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 503 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.5 Skill: Factual 66. Which of the following is true? a. The scans of brains of autistic children show an unusually large prefrontal cortex. b. Researchers suspect that multiple genetic factors are involved in the development of autism. c. Autism may, in part, be related to exposure to vaccines. d. Experts are focusing on a single malfunctioning gene variant as the primary cause of most autism spectrum disorders. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 503 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.5 Skill: Factual 67. Which of the following statements is true regarding the treatment of autism? a. Autism is a curable disorder if it is diagnosed by the age of two. b. Cognitive therapy has the highest rate of efficacy for treating autism. c. Behavioral therapy has the highest rate of efficacy for treating autism. d. Biological approaches have the highest rate of efficacy for treating autism. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 503 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.6 Skill: Factual 68. Which of the following statements is true regarding the treatment of autism? a. Intensive behavioral approaches are the least successful in treating autism. b. Most autistic people are eventually able to live independently. c. Ivar Lovaas has designed the only approach to curing autism. d. Antipsychotic drugs have been helpful in reducing social withdrawal and self-injurious behavior. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 504 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.6 Skill: Factual 69. Which of the following is true of behavioral approaches to treating children with autism? Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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a. b. c. d.
They suggest that autism is caused by faulty learning. They suggest that isolation and B vitamin therapy may be helpful in the treatment of autistic behavior. They sometimes involve the use of ignoring the autistic child as a method to eliminate selfinjurious behaviors. They systematically use rewards and mild punishments to increase the child’s ability to attend to others.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 503 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.6 Skill: Factual 70. a. b.
Lovaas demonstrated significant improve in autistic children using . group behavior modification c. cognitive restructuring intense individual behavioral therapy d. modeling
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 504 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.6 Skill: Factual 71. The UCLA psychologist who developed a successful intensive behavioral treatment program for autistic children was . a. Leo Kanner c. Eugen Bleuler b. Ivor Lovaas d. Milton Lambert ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 504 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.6 Skill: Factual 72. Many aspects of autistic behavior, such as tantrums and self-injurious behavior, can be diminished through the administration of drugs used to treat . a. narcotics addiction c. psychotic disorders b. anxiety d. epileptic seizures ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 504 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.6 Skill: Factual 73. a. b.
is a disorder formally called mental retardation. Developmental regressive disorders c. Developmental learning disorders d.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Intellectual regressive disorder Intellectual developmental disorder
Page: 505
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74. A disorder characterized by a generalized delay or impairment in the development of intellectual and adaptive abilities is . a. autism c. intellectual developmental disorder b. childhood schizophrenia d. Asperger’s disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual 75. Down syndrome occurs in about one in a. 100 b. 500 ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
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c. d.
births. 800 1500
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76. Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion from the DSM-5 which must be met for a person to be labeled intellectual developmental disorder? a. The person must receive an IQ score of 70 or below. b. The person has broad-ranging limitations or deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors. c. The person must be categorized as a level 10 or a level 12 on the General Deterioration Scale. d. The person must show evidence of onset of the disorder after the age of 18. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 505
77. Most children with intellectual developmental disorder fall in the a. mild c. severe b. moderate d. profound ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual 78. About a. 55 b. 65
range.
Page: 505
percent of children with intellectual developmental disorder fall in the mild range. c. 75 d. 85
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 505
79. Darcy has intellectual developmental disorder. Most people, however, don't notice it, although she walks, Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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talks, and feeds herself more slowly than most children. She needs occasional guidance when under unusual social or economic stress, but normally she can function on her own. She is capable of reading at a 6th grade level. Her IQ is 67. The severity of her intellectual developmental disorder is best described as . a. mild c. severe b. moderate d. profound ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Applied
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80. Paige has intellectual developmental disorder. She experienced noticeable delays in her motor development, especially speech, but she can learn simple communication, elementary health and safety habits, and simple manual skills. She can perform simple tasks in sheltered conditions and loves to participate in simple recreational activities. However, she is incapable of self-maintenance. Her IQ is 39 and she is unable to progress in functional reading and arithmetic. The severity of her intellectual developmental disorder is best described as . a. mild c. severe b. moderate d. profound ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Applied
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81. Bonnie has intellectual developmental disorder. She has few communication skills, although she understands and responds to some speech. She can conform to daily routines and repetitive activities, and profit from systematic habit training, but needs continuing direction and supervision in a protective environment. She experienced marked delay in motor development and has an IQ of 34. The severity of her intellectual developmental disorder is best described as . a. mild c. severe b. moderate d. profound ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Applied
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82. Patsy has intellectual developmental disorder. She has minimal capacity for functioning in sensorimotor areas and needs nursing care. She shows basic emotional responses and responds to skills training in the use of her legs, hands, and jaw. She walks and has primitive speech capabilities. She is incapable of selfmaintenance and has an IQ of 14. The severity of her intellectual developmental disorder is best described as . a. mild c. severe b. moderate d. profound ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 505
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83. Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy can cause a. Asperger’s Disorder b. intellectual developmental disorder c. Tourette’s syndrome d. ADHD ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
.
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84. Causes of intellectual developmental disorder cited in your text include which of the following? a. Maternal use of B vitamins during pregnancy b. Infectious diseases c. High parental expectations d. Paternal use of antibiotics during the pregnancy ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 506
85. A condition caused by the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair and characterized by intellectual developmental disorder and various physical anomalies is a. Down syndrome c. Fragile X syndrome b. Klinefelter’s syndrome d. Turner’s syndrome ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
.
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86. Of the following, the most common chromosomal abnormality linked to intellectual developmental disorder is . a. Klinefelter's syndrome c. Down syndrome b. Turner's syndrome d. Reye’s syndrome ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Learning Objective: 13.7 Topic: Intellectual Disability Skill: Factual
Page: 506
87. The most frequently identified cause of intellectual developmental disorder is a. fetal alcohol syndrome c. prenatal malnutrition b. Down syndrome d. fragile X syndrome ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 506
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.
88. Down syndrome is characterized by an extra chromosome on the a. 17th c. 21st b. 19th d. 23rd ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 506
89. Down syndrome can often be traced to a. a defect in the shape of the uterus b. a defect in the mother’s egg cell c. exposure to lead d. maternal depression ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Learning Objective: 13.7 Topic: Intellectual Disability Skill: Factual
pair of chromosomes.
.
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90. Milton has a round face, a broad, flat nose, small, downward sloping folds of skin at the inside corners of his eyes, a protruding tongue, small, squarish hands, and unusually short arms and legs in relation to his body. He suffers from intellectual developmental disorder and from heart and respiratory problems. He most likely has . a. Klinefelter’s syndrome c. Down syndrome b. Phenylketonuria d. Fragile X syndrome ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Applied 91. a. b.
Page: 506
children with Down syndrome have intellectual developmental disorder. Almost no c. A slight majority of A large minority of d. Nearly all
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 506
92. Most people with Down syndrome tend to die a. during childhood c. b. during adolescence d. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
. in young adulthood in middle age
Page: 506
93. The life expectancy of people with Down syndrome is approximately
years.
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a. b.
9 29
c. d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
60 80
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94. Which of the following is true of children with Down syndrome? a. Most cannot learn to read or write. b. They typically are blind in addition to their intellectual deficit. c. They have an unusually good auditory memory. d. They have difficulty expressing their thoughts and needs clearly in speech. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 506
95. Klinefelter's syndrome is characterized by a(n) a. XO c. b. XX d. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Learning Objective: 13.7 Topic: Intellectual Disability Skill: Factual
Page: 506
96. Klinefelter’s syndrome involves an extra a. X sex chromosome in males b. X sex chromosome in females ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
chromosomal makeup. XXX XXY
c. d.
. Y sex chromosome in males Y sex chromosome in females
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97. Klinefelter’s syndrome occurs . a. only in females b. only in males c. in equal proportions among males and females d. twice as frequently in females ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 506
98. Which of the following is a physical symptom associated with Klinefelter’s syndrome? a. A wide-based gait b. Webbing between toes Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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c. d.
Excessive muscular development Low sperm count
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 506
99. Jim never developed appropriate male secondary sexual characteristics. He is often teased by fellow male classmates for his enlarged breasts and his poor muscular coordination. He also has mild intellectual developmental disorder and is infertile. Jim is most likely suffering from . a. Klinefelter's syndrome c. phenylketonuria b. Turner's syndrome d. Tay-Sachs disease ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Applied
Page: 506
100. Turner's syndrome is characterized by an a. X b. XXY ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual 101. Turner’s syndrome involves a single a. X sex chromosome in males b. X sex chromosome in females ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
c. d.
chromosomal makeup. XXX XYY
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. c. d.
Y sex chromosome in males Y sex chromosome in females
Page: 506
102. Turner’s syndrome occurs . a. only in females b. only in males c. in equal proportions among males and females d. twice as frequently in males ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 506
103. Olga is shorter than average. She has mild intellectual developmental disorder with her greatest difficulties in math and science. Although her external genital development is normal, her ovaries are poorly developed and she is infertile. She is suffering from . Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
1016
a. b.
Klinefelter's syndrome Turner's syndrome
c. d.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Applied
Fragile X syndrome Tay-Sachs disease
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104. The most common type of genetically inherited intellectual developmental disorder is a. Klinefelter's syndrome c. Fragile X syndrome b. Turner's syndrome d. Korsakoff’s syndrome ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 507
105. The second most common form of intellectual developmental disorder is a. Klinefelter's syndrome c. Fragile X syndrome b. Turner's syndrome d. Down syndrome ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
.
Page: 507
106. The most common form of intellectual developmental disorder is form is . a. Klinefelter’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome b. Down syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome c. Fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome d. Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
and the second most common
Page: 507
107. Fragile X syndrome is caused by a(n) a. extra chromosome b. mutated gene ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
.
. c. d.
dominant gene recessive gene
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108. Fragile X syndrome is the cause of intellectual developmental disorder in one out of every a. 100 to 200 c. 500 to 2,000 b. 1,000 to 1,500 d. 2,000 to 2,500
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1017
males.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 507
109. Fragile X syndrome is the cause of intellectual developmental disorder in one out of every a. 500 to 1,000 c. 1,500 to 2,000 b. 1,000 to 1,500 d. 2,000 to 2,500 ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
females.
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110.A genetic abnormality transmitted by a recessive gene that prevents an infant from metabolizing an amino acid found in many foods, resulting in intellectual developmental disorder and emotional disturbance, is . a. Klinefelter's syndrome c. phenylketonuria b. Turner's syndrome d. Tay-Sachs disease ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 507
111. Phenylketonuria is found in 1 person in
a. b.
c. d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual 112. Phenylketonuria is caused by
a. b.
.
100-150 1,000-1,500
10,000-15,000 100,000-150,000
Page: 507
.
an extra chromosome a mutated gene
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
c. d.
a dominant gene a recessive gene
Page: 507
113. Which of the following is true of PKU?
a. b. c. d.
PKU causes damage to the central nervous system. PKU is almost always fatal unless diagnosed immediately after birth. Most children grow out of PKU by adolescence. PKU is not apparent in a child’s urine or blood work until age four or five.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 507
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Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual 114.A prenatal test that can detect Down syndrome is . a. microgenetic factorial analysis c. amniocentesis b. virtual hysteroscopy d. pregersostopy ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 507
115. Amniocentesis is usually conducted about
a. b.
4 to 5 9 to 10
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
c. d.
weeks following conception. 14 to 15 19 to 20
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116. Which of the following diseases carries the risk of causing intellectual developmental disorder in an infant
if the mother contracts the disease during pregnancy. a. otitis media c. hay fever b. endometriosis d. genital herpes ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual 117. Most children who contract
during delivery. a. AIDS b. rubella ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 507
from their mothers do so by contact with the virus in the birth canal c. d.
syphilis genital herpes
Page: 507
118. Encephalitis and meningitis during infancy can cause
a. b.
ADHD Tourette’s syndrome
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
c. d.
. Asperger’s disorder intellectual developmental disorder
Page: 507
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119.A mild form of intellectual developmental disorder that is influenced by impoverishment of the home environment is known as . a. Klinefelter’s syndrome c. Turner’s syndrome b. Down syndrome d. cultural-familial retardation ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 508
120. Most cases of intellectual developmental disorder fall in the
a. b.
mild; no apparent biological severe to profound; no apparent
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
range and have mild; a genetic severe to profound; a genetic
c. d.
cause.
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121. Most cases of intellectual developmental disorder
a. b. c. d.
. have no apparent biological cause are due to genetic factors are due to chromosomal damage result from prenatal exposure to pathogens or toxins
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 508
122. In cultural-familial retardation, the cause of the retardation is
a. b. c. d.
.
prenatal drug use by the mother infection and high fever during infancy ingestion of environmental toxins not traceable to any biological source
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 508
123. Which of the following is true of children with cultural-familial retardation?
a. b. c. d.
Their parents do not lack the necessary skills to provide the child with appropriate reading and communication skills. Their parents often are unable to spend quality time with them to provide the stimulation necessary for proper social and intellectual growth. Removing the child from the home and increasing protein in the child’s diet seem to be the only approaches that can treat the intellectual deficit. Even when provided with stimulating books and toys, these children fail to follow a path of normal intellectual development.
ANSWER: B Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 508
124. Children most at risk for developing cultural-familial retardation are children
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual 125.
.
whose parents have intellectual developmental disorder born into poverty born into primitive cultures whose parents are divorced before the child reaches age 5
Page: 508
is a program that has helped children at risk for cultural-familial retardation to function within the normal range of ability. a. Head Start c. Precocity b. Montessori preschool d. NAACP child focus ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 509
126. Alvin is blind and suffers from autism and intellectual developmental disorder. He can play extremely
complicated musical pieces on the piano, however, after hearing them only once, even though he has no formal musical training. Alvin is best described as having . a. savant syndrome c. idiopathic autism b. Wernicke's syndrome d. Stockholm syndrome ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 508 Topic A Closer Look: The Savant Syndrome Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Applied 127. Fred is a human calendar. Although he has intellectual developmental disorder and cannot add two
numbers correctly, when asked he can correctly calculate the day of the week for virtually any date named in the past or the future. Fred is best described as having . a. savant syndrome c. idiopathic autism b. Wernicke's syndrome d. Stockholm syndrome ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 508 Topic A Closer Look: The Savant Syndrome Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Applied 128. Males with savant syndrome outnumber females with the disorder by about
a. b.
2 4
c. d.
to 1.
6 8
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ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 508 Topic A Closer Look: The Savant Syndrome Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual 129. Institutional placement is often based on
a. b. c. d.
. severity of the intellectual impairment fulfillment of basic necessities such as eating, and personal hygiene control of destructive or aggressive behavior physical disabilities like blindness or paralysis
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 509
130. Which of the following is true of mainstreaming children with intellectual developmental disorder?
a. b. c. d.
Even children with mild retardation are overwhelmed by the demands of regular classes and usually withdraw from their classmates when mainstreamed. While some children with mild intellectual developmental disorder achieve better when mainstreamed, others may be overwhelmed and withdraw from their schoolmates. Children with both mild and moderate retardation achieve better when mainstreamed, however, those with severe and profound retardation do not. Even children with severe intellectual developmental disorder achieve better when mainstreamed when they are given proper guidance and supervision.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 509
131. Nationwide, the population of institutions for people with intellectual developmental disorder
the 1970s to the 1990s. a. shrunk by nearly two-thirds b. remained relatively stable ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.8 Skill: Factual
c. d.
from
increased by nearly one-third increased by nearly two-thirds
Page: 509
132. Children with intellectual developmental disorder have a
chance as other children of developing other psychological disorders such as depression or anxiety disorders. a. significantly lower c. higher b. somewhat lower d. comparable ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 509
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133.A deficiency in a specific learning ability in the context of normal intelligence that is not due to a general medical condition is a(n) . a. learning disorder c. intellectual disorder b. savant disorder d. attention-deficit disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual 134. Nelson Rockefeller suffered from
a. b.
savant syndrome dyslexia
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 510
. c. d.
attention-deficit disorder aphasia
Page: 510
135. Which U.S. vice president suffered from dyslexia?
a. b.
Dan Quayle Richard Nixon
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Dick Cheney Nelson Rockefeller
Page: 510
136. The most common type of learning disorder is
a. b.
mathematics disorder disorder of written expression
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
. dyslexia articulation disorder
c. d.
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137. Which of the following countries/spoken languages have the highest rates of dyslexia?
a. b. c. d.
German and Russian speaking countries Spanish speaking countries Italian speaking countries English and French speaking countries
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual 138. Dyslexia refers to
a. b.
. a mathematics disorder an articulation disorder
Page: 511
c. d.
a disorder of written expression a reading disorder
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ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 510
139. The most common type of learning disorder is
a. b.
mathematics disorder disorder of written expression
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
c. d.
. reading disorder articulation disorder
Page: 510
140. Which of the following are types of learning disorders?
a. b.
Physical expression disorder Disorder of written expression
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Articulation disorder Attention-deficit disorder
Page: 511
141. Which of the following is true of children with learning disorders?
a. b. c. d.
Learning disabilities are specific to childhood and resolve by adolescence. Children with learning disorders are often viewed more suitable for athletics than academics. Most children with learning disorders have low self-esteem. Children with learning disorders are less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 510
142. The DSM-5 no longer uses the term
reading ability. a. savant disorder b. dyslexia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
to describe a learning disorder characterized by impaired c. d.
attention-deficit disorder amnesiac disorder
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143. Children with learning disorders are more likely than their peers to be diagnosed with
a. b.
autism conduct disorder
c. d.
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder oppositional defiant disorder
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 510
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.
Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual 144. Howard is in the third grade. He is deficient in arithmetic skills and in understanding basic mathematical
concepts such as addition and subtraction. He constantly confuses mathematical symbols (+, -, =) and does not understand the multiplication tables. He is suffering from . a. mathematics disorder c. disorder of written expression b. articulation disorder d. reading disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Applied
Page: 511
145. Paul has deficient writing skills. His writing is characterized by numerous errors in spelling, punctuation,
grammar, and difficulty in composing sentences and paragraphs. Although he is only 9 years old, he is already far behind his classmates in his writing skills. He is suffering from . a. mathematics disorder c. disorder of written expression b. articulation disorder d. reading disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Applied 146. Dyslexia affects
a. b.
less than 1 about 4
percent of school-age children in the United States. c. about 10 d. over 16
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual 147. Compared to girls, boys are
a. b.
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much less just as
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 511
likely to be diagnosed with dyslexia. c. slightly more d. much more
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148. Which of the following statements is true of children with learning disorders?
a. b. c. d.
More girls are diagnosed with dyslexia. Girls tend to only experience mathematics disorder. Boys with dyslexia are more likely than girls to be disruptive in class. Girls are more likely to be referred for evaluation of dyslexia.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 511
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Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual 149. Compared to girls, boys with dyslexia are
be referred for evaluation. a. less; less b. less; more ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
likely to be disruptive in class and are c. d.
likely to
more; less more; more
Page: 511
150. Abe has poorly developed skills in recognizing words and comprehending written text. He reads
laboriously and distorts, omits, and substitutes words when reading aloud. He also has trouble decoding letters, perceiving a "w" as an "m" or an "L" as a "J." He is only 8 years old and his reading skills are far behind those of his classmates. He is suffering from . a. mathematics disorder c. disorder of written expression b. articulation disorder d. reading disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Applied
Page: 510
151. Dyslexia is usually apparent by the age of
a. b.
four five
c. d.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
. six seven
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152. As compared to rates of dyslexia in English and French-speaking regions, rates of dyslexia are lower in
a. b.
-speaking regions. Portuguese German
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Italian Chinese
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153. Which of the following is true of children with learning disorders?
a. b. c. d.
Many children with learning disorders are good athletes. Many of them have problems processing sounds corresponding to particular letters. Few children with learning disorders have trouble distinguishing speech sounds. Many of them find that their disabilities improve or disappear as they mature into adolescence and adulthood.
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ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 511
154. Children with dyslexia lack as much neural activity in the speech centers in the
a. b.
frontal precortex right temporal lobe
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
c. d.
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155. Scientists have speculated that dyslexia may take
a. b.
2 3
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
of the brain.
left hemisphere occipital lobe
general forms. 4 5
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156. The form of dyslexia that involves defects in the neural circuitry of the brain that normal readers use to
process speech sounds is the a. pathogenic b. tertiary ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
form. c. d.
environmental genetic
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157. The form of dyslexia in which people’s neural circuitry is intact but they rely more on memory than on
decoding strategies to understand written words is the form. a. pathogenic c. environmental b. tertiary d. genetic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 511
158. The form of dyslexia that is associated with more persistent reading disability and is more prevalent in
children from disadvantaged educational backgrounds is . a. pathogenic c. environmental b. tertiary d. genetic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Learning Disorders
Page: 511
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Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual 159. Which factor is associated with more persistent reading disability?
a. b. c. d.
Reliance on decoding strategies to understand written words Reliance on memory to understand written words Right hemisphere defects in neural circuitry Genetics
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 511
160. Disorders that involve difficulty in understanding or using language are called
a. b.
semantic learning
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.10 Skill: Factual
c. d.
disorders.
phonetic communication
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161. Which of the following is a communication disorder?
a. b.
Written expression disorder Childhood onset reading disorder
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.10 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Language disorder Translation disorder
Page: 513
162. Gary has difficulty in both understanding and producing speech. He has difficulty in understanding certain
types of words, such as words dealing with quantities or spatial characteristics, and he has trouble understanding sentences. His difficulties understanding language make it difficult for him to express himself appropriately. He is suffering from . a. dyslexia b. language disorder c. speech sound disorder d. childhood onset fluency disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.10 Skill: Applied
Page: 513
163. Guillermo has severe impairments in spoken language. He has had slow vocabulary development, he has
difficulty recalling words, he makes errors in tense, and has problems producing sentences of appropriate length and complexity for his age. He also has some phonological and articulation problems which compound his speech difficulties. He is suffering from . a. language disorder b. dyslexia Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
1028
c. d.
speech sound disorder childhood onset fluency disorder
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.10 Skill: Applied
Page: 513
164. Which of the following is a communication disorder?
a. b. c. d.
Speech sound disorder Dyslexia Auditory delay disorder Language translation disorder
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.11 Skill: Factual
Page: 513
165. Although Anthony has no neurological impairment or defects in his speech mechanism, he mispronounces
certain sounds—especially "ch," "f," "l," "sh," and "th." He often sounds as if he is uttering "baby talk." He is in therapy, which seems to be helping, and his doctors hope that his problems will be conquered within two years, when he will be eight years old. He is suffering from . a. language disorder b. mixed receptive/ language disorder c. speech sound disorder d. childhood onset fluency disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.11 Skill: Applied
Page: 513
166. Which of the following is true of speech sound disorder?
a. b. c. d.
Milder cases usually resolve themselves in childhood. Milder cases usually resolve themselves, but not until late adolescence or early adulthood. Even milder cases will not resolve themselves without extensive training and skills development exercises. Even milder cases are almost never completely "cured," even with extensive training and skills development exercises.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.11 Skill: Factual
Page: 513
167. Persistent stuttering, which is characterized by impaired fluency of speech, is classified in DSM-5 as a type
of communication disorder called a. stuttering b. speech sound disorder
. c. d.
language disorder childhood-onset fluency disorder
ANSWER: D Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
1029
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.11 Skill: Factual
Page: 513
168. Childhood onset fluency disorder usually begins between
a. b.
2 and 7 7 and 12
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.11 Skill: Factual
years of age.
12 and 17 17 and 22
Page: 513
169. Larry, age 5, suffers from an inability to speak fluently with appropriate timing of speech sounds. His
speech is characterized by repetition of certain sounds and syllables, prolongation of certain sounds, and displaying excess tension when emitting words. He is suffering from . a. language disorder b. mixed receptive/ language disorder c. speech sound disorder d. childhood onset fluency disorder ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.11 Skill: Applied
Page: 513
170. Which of the following is true of childhood onset fluency disorder?
a. b. c. d.
The majority of cases resolve during adolescence. The majority of cases resolve, but not until adulthood. The majority of cases can only be cured with extensive speech rehabilitation training. The majority of cases are never "cured."
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.11 Skill: Factual 171. Males are
a. b.
one-third just
as likely as females to stutter. c. three times d. nine times
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.11 Skill: Factual 172. About
a. b.
Page: 513
Page: 513
percent of those who stutter overcome the problem without treatment. c. 60 d. 80
20 40
ANSWER: D Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
1030
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.11 Skill: Factual
Page: 513
173. Which of the following is true of those who stutter?
a. b. c. d.
Children who stutter tend to be more even-tempered than nonstutterers. Childhood onset fluency disorder affects most children before puberty to some degree. Few stutterers also have problems with social anxiety. Scientists have discovered a mutation on a particular gene linked to persistent stuttering.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.11 Skill: Factual
Page: 513
174. Children who have continuing and profound difficulties communicating verbally and nonverbally with
other people in their natural contexts would be diagnosed as having a. childhood onset fluency disorder b. social (pragmatic) communication disorder c. speech sound disorder d. language disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.12 Skill: Conceptual
.
Page: 513
175.A behavior disorder characterized by impulsivity, excessive motor activity, and inability to focus one’s attention is known as . a. conduct disorder c. oppositional defiant disorder b. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder d. sensorimotor disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 514 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 176. Which of the following is one of the three major problems involved in attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder? a. Lethargy b. Impulsivity
c. d.
Intentionally aggressive behavior Compulsive rituals
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 514 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 177. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder occurs in about
a.
10
c.
percent of children and adolescents.
19
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
3
b.
13
d.
25
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 514 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 178. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is usually first diagnosed in
a. b.
infancy preschool
c. d.
.
elementary school middle school
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 515 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 179. Todd is six years old. His behavior is characterized by inattention, bullying, temper tantrums, stubbornness,
and fidgeting. He is easily distracted, fails to finish anything he starts, often acts impulsively, and requires constant supervision. He is constantly on the go, running and climbing on things, and he cannot wait his turn in games or lines. He is suffering from disorder. a. obsessive-compulsive c. conduct b. oppositional defiant d. attention-deficit/hyperactivity ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 515 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Applied 180. Which of the following children is most likely to be diagnosed with ADHD?
a. b.
An African American boy A Hispanic American girl
c. d.
A Euro-American boy An African American girl
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 515 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 181. Boys with ADHD tend to
a. b. c. d.
. lack empathy, or awareness of other people’s feelings be more emotionally affected by the sadness of others tend to have a strength in working memory are typically goal-directed in their hyperactivity
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 515 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
4
Skill: Factual 182. To be diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, the disorder must begin by age
a. b.
4 5
c. d.
.
6 12
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 515 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 183. Which of the following is true?
a. b. c. d.
Children with ADHD exhibit no problems with working memory. Normally overactive children are goal-directed and can exert voluntary control over their behavior, whereas children with ADHD cannot exert voluntary control over their behaviors. Black and Hispanic children are more likely to receive the diagnosis than Euro-American children. There is really no qualitative difference between highly active “normal” children and highly active children labeled with ADHD.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 515 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 184. Symptoms of ADHD tend to
a. b. c. d.
. disappear by late adolescence and early adulthood decline with age, but often persist in milder forms into adulthood remain about the same well into adulthood and middle age increase in severity until young adulthood, when they finally begin to subside
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 516 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 185.
a. b.
percent of U.S. adults are affected with ADHD at some point in their lives. Less than 1 c. About 10 to 12 About 4 d. Over 16
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 516 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 186. Adult forms of ADHD primarily involve
a. b. c.
. hyperactivity and distractibility, but not inattention hyperactivity and inattention, but not distractibility inattention and distractibility, but not hyperactivity Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
5
d.
hyperactivity, distractibility, and inattention
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 516 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 187. Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been linked to the development of
a. b. c. d.
in children.
intellectual developmental disorder attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder savant syndrome autism
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 516 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 188. Identify the area of the brain responsible for inhibiting impulsive behavior and maintaining self-control.
a. b.
Reticular formation Prefrontal cortex
c. d.
Hippocampus Left hemisphere
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 516 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 189. The most common treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is
a. b.
psychodynamic behavioral
c. d.
.
surgical pharmacological
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 517 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 190. The drugs of choice in treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are
a. b.
stimulants opiates
c. d.
.
mild tranquilizers major tranquilizers
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 517 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 191. Stimulant drugs used to treat ADHD activate the
of the brain to increase control over impulsive
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6
acting out behavior. a. limbic system b. brain stem region
c. d.
prefrontal cortex cingulate gyrus
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 517 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 192. Stimulants used in treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder have been shown to do which of the
following? a. Increase academic achievement b. Increase positive mood
c. d.
Decrease impulsivity Improve ability to make friends
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 517 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 193. Which of the following can be a short-term side effect of using stimulant medications to treat attention-
deficit hyperactivity disorder? a. Accelerated growth b. Weight gain
c. d.
Insomnia Memory loss
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 517 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 194.
a. b.
is the first nonstimulant medication to be approved for the treatment of ADHD. Strattera c. Zoloft Cylert d. Xanax
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 517 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 195.A psychological disorder in childhood and adolescence characterized by disruptive, antisocial behavior is known as . a. attention-deficit disorder c. conduct disorder b. oppositional defiant disorder d. dyslexia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.14 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
7
Skill: Factual 196. Children with
are literally incapable of controlling their behavior and children with purposefully violate social norms and the rights of others. a. conduct disorder; ADHD c. ADHD; ADHD b. ADHD; conduct disorder d. conduct disorder; conduct disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.14 Skill: Factual
197. Children with
a. b.
are intentionally aggressive and children with throw temper tantrums. conduct disorder; ADHD c. ADHD; ADHD ADHD; conduct disorder d. conduct disorder; conduct disorder
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.14 Skill: Factual 198. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. b. c. d.
Children with ADHD intentionally throw temper tantrums while children with a conduct disorder cannot help themselves from being aggressive. Children with conduct disorder throw temper tantrums while children with ADHD cannot help themselves from being aggressive and cruel toward others. Children with ADHD seem incapable of controlling their behaviors while children with a conduct disorder intentionally violate the rights of others. Children with a conduct disorder seem incapable of controlling their behavior while children with ADHD intentionally violate the rights of others.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.14 Skill: Factual 199. Harry is nine years old. He cheats in school, steals from his neighbors and classmates, and destroys his
classmates' prized possessions when he cannot steal them. He is already using drugs and lies about his drug use and other antisocial activities. He has run away from home twice and he tried to burn down his family's house the first time he was returned home after running away. He has even been caught trying to mutilate the family cat. He appears to feel no guilt or remorse over his behavior. He is suffering from disorder. a. antisocial personality c. conduct b. oppositional defiant d. attention-deficit hyperactivity ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.14 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
8
Skill: Applied 200.
a. b.
Conduct disorder affects percent of children overall. less than 1 c. about 18.5 about 9.5 d. about 27.5
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.14 Skill: Factual 201. Boys with conduct disorder are more likely than girls with conduct disorder to engage in which of the
following? a. Prostitution b. Stealing
c. d.
Running away Crying
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.14 Skill: Factual 202. Girls with conduct disorder are more likely than boys with conduct disorder to engage in which of the
following? a. Stealing b. Vandalism
c. d.
Truancy Fighting
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.14 Skill: Factual 203. The average age of onset for conduct disorder is about
a. b.
3.6 7.6
c. d.
years.
11.6 15.6
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.14 Skill: Factual 204.A psychological disorder in childhood and adolescence characterized by excessive tendencies to refuse requests from parents and others is known as a(n) disorder. a. attention-deficit hyperactivity c. conduct b. childhood disintegrative d. oppositional defiant ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
9
Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Factual 205. Oppositional defiant disorder may be a precursor of
a. b.
separation anxiety obsessive-compulsive
c. d.
disorder. conduct attention-deficit hyperactivity
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Factual 206. Oppositional defiant disorder typically begins before age
a. b.
2 4
c. d.
.
6 8
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 519 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Factual 207. Alex is nine years old. He has a poor self-image and is often involved in disruptive behavior at home or in
school. Typically, his behavior involves not following rules or doing what he is told. Interestingly, he almost never engages in behavior that hurts others or violates their rights. He just seems to have a difficult time accepting authority and developing positive relationships with those around him. He is suffering from disorder. a. obsessive-compulsive c. conduct b. oppositional defiant d. attention-deficit hyperactivity ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 519 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Applied 208. Oppositional defiant disorder is
common among boys than girls before the age of 12. It is common among boys than girls after age 12. a. less; less c. less; more b. more; less d. more; more ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 519 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Factual
209. Compared to conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder tends to be
a. b.
milder; earlier milder; later
c. d.
and begins
more severe; earlier more severe; later
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
10
.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Factual 210. Oppositional defiant disorder typically starts in the
environment but may extend to other
settings, such as . a. school; home b. daycare setting; home c. home; the child’s fantasy play d. home; school ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Factual 211. Many theorists believe that oppositional defiant disorder stems from being born with
a. b.
an easy a compliant
c. d.
temperament.
a slow to warm a difficult
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 519 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Conceptual 212. Which of the following parenting behaviors can contribute to a child developing oppositional behaviors?
a. b. c. d.
Allowing the child to always voice his or her opinion Giving in when the child refuses to comply with parental wishes Maintaining firm limits with the child Expecting academic excellence from the child
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 519 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Factual 213. Psychodynamic theorists look at oppositional defiant disorder as a sign of fixation at the
development. a. oral b. anal
c. d.
stage of
phallic genital
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 519 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
11
Skill: Conceptual 214. Learning theorists view oppositional defiant disorder as arising from
a. b.
excessive use of punishment use of aversive conditioning
c. d.
. inappropriate reinforcement strategies the use of unconditional positive regard
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 519 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Conceptual 215. Which of the following is involved in the development of conduct disorder in children?
a. b.
Having parents who work long hours Growing up in a low income home
c. d.
Parental marital conflict Overprotective parental monitoring
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 519 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Factual 216. Evidence shows that early experiences of physical abuse and harsh parenting increase the risk of CD, but
only in children with . a. a co-occurring disorder such as ADHD b. a parent with a drug or alcohol problem c. no father in the home environment d. a certain genetic profile ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 520 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Factual 217. For treating younger children with oppositional defiant disorder,
behavior modification techniques. a. parental behavior b. tantrums
c. d.
must usually be changed through
stealing television show choices
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 520 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Factual 218.A childhood disorder characterized by extreme fear of separation from parents or other caretakers is known as . a. conduct disorder c. oppositional defiant disorder b. separation anxiety disorder d. depressive disorder ANSWER: B Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
12
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 521 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.16 Skill: Factual 219. Marcy is six years old. She dreads going to first grade because she worries all day that her parents are going
to die while she is at school. She often worries so much that she develops nausea. At home, she clings to her parents, following them everywhere. She is deeply concerned about death and dying and wants her mommy to stay with her when she goes to sleep. She is suffering from disorder. a. separation anxiety c. overanxious b. generalized anxiety d. conduct ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 521 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.16 Skill: Applied 220. Ainsworth found that separation anxiety normally begins
a. b.
during the first year of life between the ages of 2 and 3
c. d.
. between the ages of 4 and 5 between the ages of 6 and 7
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 521 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.16 Skill: Factual 221. School phobia is the traditional name for what we now call
a. b.
separation anxiety avoidant disorder
c. d.
. overanxious disorder generalized anxiety
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 522 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.16 Skill: Factual 222. Separation anxiety disorder affects approximately
a. b.
1% 5%
c. d.
of children.
10% 15%
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 522 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.16 Skill: Factual 223. In most cases,
disorder develops after a life stress such as illness, a change in home address or school attended, or death of a family member or a pet. a. separation anxiety c. overanxious b. phobic d. attention-deficit hyperactivity ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 522 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
13
Learning Objective: 13.16 Skill: Factual 224. According to psychoanalytic theorists, childhood anxieties are the result of
a. b.
generalized fears of rejection negative self-talk
c. d.
.
unconscious conflicts a genetic predisposition
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 522 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.16 Skill: Conceptual 225. According to cognitive theorists, childhood anxieties are the result of
a. b.
generalized fears of rejection negative self-talk
c. d.
.
unconscious conflicts a genetic predisposition
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 522 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.16 Skill: Conceptual 226. According to learning theorists, childhood anxieties are the result of
a. b.
generalized fears of rejection negative self-talk
c. d.
.
unconscious conflicts a genetic predisposition
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 523 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.16 Skill: Conceptual 227. Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
is true? a. Strattera is an effective treatment. b. Flooding the child with the phobic stimuli and implementing response prevention are effective treatments. c. Teaching the child to replace anxious self-talk with coping self-talk is effective treatment. d. Exploring repressed memories and becoming conscious of childhood fixations is effective treatment. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 523 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.16 Skill: Factual 228. Major depression is
a. b.
nonexistent rare
among preschoolers. c. fairly common d. extremely common
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 523 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
14
Skill: Factual 229. Major depression is diagnosed
a. b.
more half as
often in girls than boys in childhood. c. less d. equally
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 523 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 230.A distinctive feature of childhood depression includes which of the following? a. Avoiding parents c. Hypersomnia b. Wanting to spend time exclusively with peers d. Fear of parents’ dying ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 523 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 231. Children often do not know they are feeling depressed, in part because they are not usually capable of
recognizing their internal feeling states until about the age of a. 5 c. 9 b. 7 d. 11
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 524 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 232. Approximately
a. b.
1 0
percent of children aged 5 to 13 years of age are depressed. c. 5 d. 10
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 523 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 233. Which of the following is a cognitive distortion common to children suffering from depression?
a. b. c. d.
Feeling that they are not being rewarded enough for their accomplishments Feeling angry and resentful over sibling needs Blaming others for negative outcomes, even when it is unwarranted Selectively attending to the negative features of an event
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 524 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 234. Researchers found that depressed students in Hong Kong and Europe
.
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15
a. b. c. d.
readily blamed others for problems spent too much time watching television blew failures and problems out of proportion engaged in shoplifting or drug use prior to becoming depressed
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 524 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 235. Among adolescent girls, those who develop
depression. a. a passive, ruminative b. an active, avoidant
coping style are at greatest risk for developing c. d.
a passive, denial-based an active, direct
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 525 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 236. Accumulating evidence supports the use of
adolescence. a. psychodynamic b. cognitive-behavioral
therapy in treating depression in childhood and c. d.
Gestalt humanistic
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 525 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 237. Critics contend that we are overusing psychiatric drugs on children, particularly
a. b.
Ritalin Zoloft
c. d.
.
Strattera Prozac
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 525 Topic: Controversies in Abnormal Psychology: Are We Overmedicating Our Kids? Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 238. Critics contend that overuse of
a. b.
Zoloft Prozac
can cause sleeplessness and weight loss in children. c. lithium d. Ritalin
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 526 Topic: Controversies in Abnormal Psychology: Are We Overmedicating Our Kids? Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 239. Warnings issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reveal a small increased risk of suicidal
symptoms in youths and young adults under the age of a. 25; stimulant medication
when treated with
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
16
.
b. c. d.
15; antidepressant medication 18; antipsychotic medication 25; antidepressant medication
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 526 Topic: Controversies in Abnormal Psychology: Are We Overmedicating Our Kids? Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 240. Youths and young adults treated with antidepressant medications show a
a. b.
large decreased slight decreased
c. d.
risk of suicidal symptoms.
slight increased large increased
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 526 Topic: Controversies in Abnormal Psychology: Are We Overmedicating Our Kids? Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 241. It is generally agreed by experts that
is the treatment of choice for psychological problems in children and adolescents. a. drug therapy b. psychotherapy c a combination of drug therapy and psychotherapy d. no existing form of therapy ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 526 Topic: Controversies in Abnormal Psychology: Are We Overmedicating Our Kids? Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual
242. Suicide is
a. b.
among younger children and younger adolescents. virtually nonexistent c. fairly common rare d. an epidemic
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 526 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 243. Young people in
a. b.
early childhood late childhood
are at greatest risk for committing suicide. c. early adolescence d. late adolescence
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 527 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 244. Girls are
a. b.
half just
as likely as boys to attempt suicide. c. twice d. three times Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
17
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 527 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 245. Compared to boys, girls are
complete the attempt. a. less; less b. more; less
likely to attempt suicide and are c. d.
likely to successfully
less; more more; more
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 527 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 246. Adolescents living in the
a. b.
urban east-coast regions rural Appalachian regions
have the highest suicide rate in the United States. c. urban Pacific-coast regions d. rural western regions
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 527 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 247. Which of the following youths is at highest risk of committing suicide?
a. b.
A non-Hispanic White An African American
c. d.
An Asian American A Hispanic American
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 527 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 248. Which of the following youths is at highest risk of committing suicide?
a. b.
A Native American An African American
c. d.
An Asian American A Hispanic American
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 527 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 249. About
a. b.
10 25
percent of adolescents who attempt suicide have done so previously. c. 50 d. 75
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 527 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
18
Skill: Factual 250. About
a. b.
20 40
percent of adolescents who take their lives have previously talked about doing so. c. 60 d. 80
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 527 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 251. Which of the following is true about adolescent suicide?
a. b. c. d.
Adolescent suicides rarely occur in clusters. Many suicides among young people are related to what is popular in the media. Adolescents who commit suicide rarely talk about it ahead of time. Adolescent suicide is linked to prior sexual abuse.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 527 Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 252. In previous decades, children with
a. b.
bipolar major depressive disorder
disorder have been misdiagnosed as having ADHD or ODD. c. schizoaffective d. dysthymia
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 528 Topic: Controversies in Abnormal Psychology: The Bipolar Kid Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 253.A 2003 survey showed that as many as of children and adolescents in the United States received a bipolar disorder diagnosis, a rate that had jumped fortyfold during the past 10 years. a. 1% c. 10% b. 5% d. 15% ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 528 Topic: Controversies in Abnormal Psychology: The Bipolar Kid Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 254. Fetuses and newborn infants eliminate waste products
a. b.
instinctively reflexively
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3):1 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
coherently willfully
Page: 529
255. Enuresis and encopresis are disorders involving problems with elimination that are not due to Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
19
causes. a. organic b. psychosocial ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
c. d.
psychosexual genetic
Page: 529
256. Failure to achieve control over urination beyond the "normal" age for attaining bladder control which
cannot be explained by physical causes is called . a. general paresis c. enuresis b. encopresis d. nocturnal enuresis ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
Page: 529
257. The most common type of enuresis is
a. b.
. c. d.
daytime accidents in boys daytime accidents in girls
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
bedwetting in boys bedwetting in girls
Page: 530
258. The DSM-5 restricts the diagnosis of enuresis to children whose chronological age is at least
who have achieved an equivalent level of development. a. 1 c. 5 b. 3 d. 7 ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual 259. Bedwetting usually occurs in
a. b.
early light
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
Page: 530
sleep. c. d.
restless the deepest stage of
Page: 530
260. According to psychodynamic theorists, enuresis occurs most commonly in children for which of the
following reasons? a. Enuresis represents hostility toward their parents because of harsh toilet training. b. The child just gained a baby brother or sister. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
20
, or
c. d.
The child is struggling with the Oedipal Complex. Enuresis results from an immature nervous system and the child’s inability to recognize bladder tension.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 530
261. According to learning theorists, enuresis occurs most commonly in children
a. b. c. d.
.
whose parents attempted to train them early who just gained a baby brother or sister whose parents are divorcing who have deep-seated hostility toward their parents
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 530
262. The disorder that characterizes children who have persistent bedwetting and have never established urinary
control is . a. primary enuresis b. secondary enuresis
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
primary encopresis secondary encopresis
Page: 530
263. The disorder that characterizes children who have developed bedwetting problems after they have
established urinary control is a. primary enuresis b. secondary enuresis ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
. c. d.
primary encopresis secondary encopresis
Page: 530
264. Evidence indicates that genetic factors are involved in the development of
a. b. c. d.
.
neither primary nor secondary enuresis primary but not secondary enuresis secondary but not primary enuresis both primary and secondary enuresis
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
Page: 530
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21
265. The course of enuresis typically
a. b. c. d.
. resolves itself as the child matures requires medication to correct the child’s immature nervous system becomes worse as the child matures requires psychotherapy to correct the child’s underlying anxieties
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
Page: 530
266. The urine alarm method of treating bedwetting relies on principles of
a. b.
cognitive restructuring response prevention
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
Page: 530
267. The urine alarm method approach was introduced by psychologist
a. b.
Leo Kanner Hans Selye
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
.
operant conditioning classical conditioning
c. d.
.
O. Hobart Mowrer Ivor Lovaas
Page: 530
268. Research into the treatment of enuresis has found that
a. b. c. d.
. neither psychological nor pharmacological treatments are effective psychological treatments are generally more effective than pharmacological treatments pharmacological treatments are generally more effective than psychological treatments both psychological and pharmacological treatments are equally effective
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
Page: 531
269. Research indicates that compared to drug treatments, the urine alarm method for treating enuresis has the
a. b.
success rate and the _ lowest; lowest lowest; highest
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
relapse rate. c. highest; lowest d. highest; highest
Page: 531
270. Lack of control over bowel movements that is not due to a physical disorder in a child is called Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
22
.
a. b.
general paresis encopresis
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.20 Skill: Factual
c. d.
enuresis nocturnal enuresis
Page: 531
271. The DSM-5 restricts the diagnosis of encopresis to children of age
equivalent development, or older. a. 2 b. 4 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.20 Skill: Factual 272. Bedwetting is more common among
a. b.
girls; girls boys; girls
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.20 Skill: Factual
c. d.
6 8
Page: 531
, and soiling is more common among c. girls; boys d. boys; boys
a. b.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.20 Skill: Factual 274. Soiling may be best helped through
a. b.
Gestalt classical conditioning
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.20 Skill: Factual
c. d.
, and soiling is most likely to happen during the day; night night; night
Page: 531
principles. c. operant conditioning d. aversive conditioning
Page: 531
275. Soiling often appears to follow
a. b. c. d.
.
Page: 531
273. Bedwetting is most likely to happen during the
. day; day night; day
or those who have achieved
. overeating oversleeping situational stress harsh punishment for previous "accidents" Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
23
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.20 Skill: Factual
Page: 531
True-False Questions 276. Many behavior patterns that are normal for children would be considered abnormal among adults.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 495 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.1 Skill: Factual 277. The DSM-5 describes neurodevelopmental disorders as disorders involving an impairment of brain
functioning or development that affects the child’s psychological, cognitive, social, or emotional development. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 495 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.1 Skill: Factual 278. Cultural factors help determine whether people view a child's behavior as normal or abnormal.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 495 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.1 Skill: Factual 279. Girls are at greater risk for developing many childhood disorders, ranging from autism to hyperactivity to
elimination disorders. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 497 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 280. In adolescence, anxiety and mood disorders become more common in girls and remain so throughout
adulthood. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 497 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 281. Asperger Syndrome has been given a separate diagnostic category from autism spectrum disorders in the
DSM-5. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
24
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 500 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 282. Scientists have found no consistent link between vaccinations such as the MMR vaccine and autism.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 283. Autism is more common among girls than among boys.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 284. Investigators have found an increased risk of both autism and schizophrenia in children of older fathers.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 285. Investigators linked increased risk of both autism and schizophrenia in children with older mothers.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 286. Children with autism are often described by their parents as having been “good babies” early in infancy.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 287. Autistic children are not bound by ritual and resist parents attempting to provide preservation of sameness.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 501 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.4 Skill: Factual 288. As measured by scores on standardized tests, most autistic children lag well below the norm in intellectual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
25
development. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 502 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.4 Skill: Factual 289. The major cause of autism appears to be parents who are cold, distant, and rejecting toward their child.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 502 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.5 Skill: Factual 290. Biological theorists suspect that autism results from some form of brain abnormality.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 503 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.5 Skill: Factual 291. Ivar Lovaas has suggested that children with autism have perceptual deficits that limit them to processing
only one stimulus at a time. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 502 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.5 Skill: Factual 292. New drug treatments appear to foster cognitive and language development among autistic children.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 504 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.6 Skill: Factual 293. The highest functioning adults with autism exhibit normal communication and social skills and a wide
range of interests. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 504 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.6 Skill: Factual 294. People with severe intellectual developmental disorder outnumber those with mild intellectual
developmental disorder. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability
Page: 505
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26
Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual 295. About 11% of the general population is affected by intellectual disability.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 505
296. About 85% of children with intellectual disability fall into the mild range.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 505
297. The cause of Down syndrome remains unknown.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 506
298. Most children with Down syndrome learn to read, write, and perform arithmetic.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 506
299. Klinefelter's syndrome occurs only among males.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 506
300. Estimates of the prevalence of Klinefelter’s syndrome are about 20 cases per 1,000 male births.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 506
301. Turner's syndrome occurs only among males.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability
Page: 506
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27
Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual 302. Turner's syndrome is characterized by the presence of a single Y chromosome instead of the normal XY
pairing of chromosomes. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 506
303. Fragile X syndrome is the most common type of inherited intellectual developmental disorder.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 507
304. Fragile X syndrome usually has a more profound effect upon males than upon females.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 507
305. Fragile X syndrome can be treated through genetic surgery.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 507
306. Fragile X syndrome affects about one out of 1,000 to 1,500 males.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 507
307. Fragile X syndrome affects about one out of 2,000 to 2,500 females.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 507
308.A genetic test can detect the defect that causes Fragile X syndrome. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 507
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28
Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual 309. PKU is a fatal genetic disorder.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 507
310. Fetal alcohol syndrome can cause intellectual developmental disorder.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 507
311. Most cases of mild intellectual developmental disorder have a clear biological cause.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 508
312. Most people with savant syndrome are male.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 508
313. Some people can recall verbatim every story they read in a newspaper.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 508
314. The Developmentally Disabled Assistance and Bill of Rights Act, which Congress passed in 1975,
provided that people with mental retardation (now labeled ID) have the right to receive appropriate treatment in the least-restrictive treatment setting. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 509
315. Adults with mild intellectual developmental disorder often work in outside jobs and live in their own
apartments. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
29
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 509
316. Deinstitutionalization of people with intellectual developmental disorder has largely resulted in massive
social problems and swelled the ranks of America's homeless population. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 509
317. Children with intellectual developmental disorder are at a high risk of developing anxiety and depression.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 509
318. The emotional life of people with intellectual disability has received tremendous attention in the literature.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 510
319. People with intellectual disability are immune from psychological problems.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 510
320. Intellectual developmental disorder is a type of learning disorder.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 510
321. Learning disorders are typically chronic disorders that affect development well into adulthood.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 510
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30
322. Dyslexia is the most common type of learning disorder accounting for perhaps 80% of cases.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 510
323. Dyslexia affects about 4% of school-age children and is much more common in girls than boys.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 510
324. Childhood onset fluency disorder occurs in males more than females.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 513 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.11 Skill: Factual 325. In the case of stuttering, genetic factors do not appear play an important role.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 513 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.11 Skill: Factual 326. Stuttering usually begins between 2 and 7 years of age.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 513 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.11 Skill: Factual 327. Treatment of communication disorders is generally best approached with antipsychotic and antidepressant
medications. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 514 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.12 Skill: Factual 328. Black and Hispanic children are less likely to receive the diagnosis of ADHD than Euro-American
children. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 515 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
31
Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 329. ADHD is diagnosed nearly five times as often in boys as in girls.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 515 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 330. Normal children can sit still and concentrate for a while if they want to, but children with ADHD cannot.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 515 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 331. The disorder is usually first diagnosed during preschool, at an average age of three.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 515 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 332. Children with ADHD tend to have problems with working memory.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 516 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 333. Children with ADHD tend to be below average in intelligence.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 515 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 334. Maternal smoking during pregnancy may put some children at increased risk of attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 516 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
32
Skill: Factual 335. Stimulants calm many hyperactive children.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 517 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 336. Children who are hyperactive are often given central nervous system depressants to help calm them down.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 517 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 337. The first nonstimulant drug approved for use in treating ADHD was Strattera.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 517 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 338. One of the benefits of ADHD medication is that they teach new skills to the child.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 517 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 339. Children with conduct disorder show nearly identical behavior patterns as children with ADHD.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.14 Skill: Factual 340. Conduct disorders are more common among boys than girls.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.14 Skill: Factual
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33
341. Conduct disorders tend to be episodic and unstable.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.14 Skill: Factual 342. Conduct disorder is a surprisingly common problem, affecting about 22% of males and 17% of females.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.14 Skill: Factual 343. Oppositional defiant disorder is one of the rarest diagnoses among children.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 519 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Factual 344. Oppositional defiant disorder is estimated to affect from 1% to 11% of children and adolescents.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 519 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Factual 345. Aggressive children assume that others intend them ill when they do not.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 521 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Factual 346. Psychodynamic theorists look at oppositional defiant disorder as a sign of fixation at the oral stage of
psychosexual development. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 519 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Factual 347. Ironically, conduct-disordered children are rarely demanding and most often compliant with their parents Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
34
and other family members. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 519 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Factual 348. Anxieties and fears are a normal feature of childhood.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 521 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.16 Skill: Factual 349. It is normal for children to show anxiety when they are separated from their caregivers.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 521 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.16 Skill: Factual 350. Some children refuse to go to school because they believe terrible things may happen to their parents while
they're away. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 522 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.16 Skill: Factual 351. Separation anxiety is found most frequently in boys.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 522 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.16 Skill: Factual 352. Separation anxiety disorder affects an estimated 4% to 5% of children.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 522 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.16 Skill: Factual 353. Depression is common among children and adolescents.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 523 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
35
Skill: Factual 354. Major depression affects about 5% of children aged 5 to 12.9 years and upward of 20% of adolescents from
13 to 17.9 years of age. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 523 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 355. Difficulties at school, problem behaviors, and physical complaints may actually be signs of depression in
children. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 524 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 356. Major depression has been found among preschoolers.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 523 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 357. Childhood depression rarely occurs by itself..
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 524 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 358. Many depressed children neither report nor are aware of feelings of depression.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 524 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 359. Among adolescents, aggressive and sexual acting out may be signs of underlying depression.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 524 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 360. Researchers have discovered that distorted thinking causes childhood depression.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 524
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Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 361. In one study, 75% of depressed youths treated with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy no longer showed signs
of depression by the end of treatment (Weisz et al., 2009). ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 525 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 362. Suicide is relatively uncommon among younger children.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 526 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 363. Suicide is unfortunately quite common among young teens around the time of puberty.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 527 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 364. Adolescents who talk about suicide are only venting their feelings and do not really intend to kill
themselves. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 527 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 365. Children and adolescents who have survived suicide attempts are unlikely to try it again.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 527 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 366. Among young people overall in the 15- to 24-year-old age group, suicide is the third most common cause
of death, after accidents and homicides. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 527 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 367. Family problems are present in the majority of adolescent suicide attempts. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 527 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 368. Suicides often occur in clusters.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 527 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 369. Addiction in the adolescent’s family, or substance abuse by the adolescent is rarely a factor in suicide.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 527 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 370. Enuresis is more common among girls than boys.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
Page: 530
371. Problems of persistent bedwetting in childhood generally persist into adolescence.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
Page: 530
372. Primary enuresis is apparently not genetically influenced and characterizes children with occasional bed-
wetting. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
Page: 530
373. It is normal for children who have acquired daytime control over their bladders to have accidents in the
nighttime for a year or more. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
Page: 530
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374. Enuresis usually resolves itself.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
Page: 530
375. An estimated 5% to 10% of children meet diagnostic criteria for enuresis at age 5.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
Page: 530
376. Principles of classical conditioning can be applied to treat bed-wetting in children.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
Page: 531
377. Soiling, like enuresis, is most likely to happen during the night while a child is sleeping.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 531 Topic: Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.20 Skill: Factual 378. About 10% of 5-year-olds have encopresis.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 531 Topic: Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.20 Skill: Factual
Essay Questions 379. Discuss ways of determining what is normal and abnormal in childhood and adolescence.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 495 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.1 Skill: Factual 380. Explain what neurodevelopmental disorders are. Additionally, identify and briefly describe each of the
major types of neurodevelopmental disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 495 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 13.1 Skill: Conceptual 381. Discuss the prevalence of, and risk factors for, mental health problems in children and adolescents.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 496 Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Learning Objective: 13.2 Skill: Factual 382. Discuss the rise in the prevalence of autism. What factors have been identified as possibly contributing to
the disorder? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 500 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 383. Discuss the concern that parents of higher functioning children with autism have about the loss of the
Asperger Syndrome diagnosis in the DSM-5. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 500 Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Learning Objective: 13.3 Skill: Factual 384. What characterizes Down syndrome? Describe the physical appearance of the individual with Down’s, the
causes of the disorder and general outcome of those with Down syndrome. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 506
385. Identify and briefly describe each of the major causes of intellectual developmental disorder.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 505
386. What is PKU? How is it diagnosed? What causes PKU?
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 507
387. Discuss the cause, prevalence, features, and characteristics of Klinefelter’s and Turner’s syndrome.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 506
388. Discuss the cause, prevalence, features, and characteristics of fragile X syndrome. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 507
389. What types of social and academic interventions have been effective in working with persons with an
intellectual developmental disorder? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Intellectual Disability Learning Objective: 13.8 Skill: Factual
Page: 509
390. Summarize the problems children can have in learning to read. Why are rates of dyslexia higher in English
and French-speaking countries? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual
Page: 510
391. Discuss the research linking learning disabilities to defects in brain circuitry responsible for processing
sensory input. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Learning Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 511
392. Discuss the different methods for understanding and treating learning disorders.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 511 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.9 Skill: Factual 393. Explain what communication disorders are, and briefly describe each of the various communications
disorders. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 512 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.10 Skill: Factual 394. Discuss the cause, prevalence, features, and characteristics of childhood onset fluency disorder.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 513 Topic: Communication Disorders Learning Objective: 13.11 Skill: Factual 395. Identify and briefly describe attention-deficit disorder, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 514 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 396. Describe the brain research that has been conducted with ADHD. Cite the emerging view about executive
functions in the brain and ADHD. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 516 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Factual 397. Summarize the types of medications used to treat ADHD. What are the limitations of this therapy? What
other types of therapy can be combined with medication in order to provide more effective treatment. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 517 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.13 Skill: Conceptual 398. Describe how conduct disorder differs from ADHD. What other childhood and adult problems are
associated with this disorder? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.14 Skill: Factual 399. How does oppositional defiant disorder differ from conduct disorder? How do family factors contribute to
the presence of this disorder? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 518 Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder Learning Objective: 13.15 Skill: Factual 400. What is Separation Anxiety Disorder? At what age is it most typical? How is it treated?
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 521 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.16 Skill: Factual 401. Describe the features of childhood depression. What children are most at risk for developing this disorder?
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 523 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Factual 402. Explain the controversy about overmedicating children with psychiatric drugs.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 525 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.17 Skill: Conceptual 403. List and describe at least six of the ten demographics contributing to suicide in children and adolescents.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 527 Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression Learning Objective: 13.18 Skill: Factual 404. Describe how the urine alarm is used to treat enuresis.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 530 Topic: Elimination Disorders Learning Objective: 13.19 Skill: Factual
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REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS EOC Q13.1 Using a technique called therapy, Dr. Marsh, a psychodynamic therapist, asks Sally, age 5, to use dolls to act out a family conflict. a) b) c) d)
play reality cognitive imaginal
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.1 Explain the differences between normal and abnormal behavior in childhood and adolescence and the role of cultural beliefs in determining abnormality. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q13.2 Research published in 2012 indicated that approximately of adolescents in America experienced a diagnosable mental disorder during the previous year. a) b) c) d)
10% 20% 30% 40%
Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.2 Describe the prevalence of psychological disorders in children and adolescents. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate
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44
EOC Q13.3 An international study published in 2009 revealed that women suffered from sexual abuse before the age of 18. a) b) c) d)
of men and
of
2%; 5% 4%; 10% 8%; 20% 12%; 15%
Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.3 Identify risk factors for psychological disorders in childhood and adolescence and describe the effects of child abuse. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q13.4 Autistic children sometimes parrot back things they hear in a high-pitched monotone. This is known as . a) b) c) d)
aphasia echolalia dysarthria stuttering
Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.4 Describe key features of autism. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Easy EOC Q13.5 The theory that autistic children possess perceptual deficits that limit them to processing only one stimulus at a time represents the perspective. a) b) c) d)
sociocultural psychodynamic cognitive learning humanistic
Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.5 Identify possible causal factors in autism. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
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45
EOC Q13.6 The learning-based approaches called have had the best reported results in developing language skills and socially adaptive behavior in children with autism. a) b) c) d)
aversive therapy play therapy applied behavior analysis dialectical behavior therapy
Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.6 Describe the treatment of autism. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q13.7 Tom’s son Alex has very distinctive physical features: a round face; broad, flat nose; and small, downward-sloping folds of skin at the inside corners of the eyes that give the impression of slanted eyes. Alex most likely has syndrome. a) b) c) d)
Rhett Klinefelter Down Turner
Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.7 Describe the key features and causes of intellectual disability. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q13.8 Martin has been diagnosed with a severe intellectual disability. His therapist will most likely use a approach to teach Martin to master basic hygienic behaviors such as toothbrushing, self-dressing, and hair combing. a) b) c) d)
behavioral humanistic psychodynamic biomedical
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.8 Describe interventions used to help children with intellectual disability. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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EOC Q13.9 Children living in countries are more likely to experience dyslexia as result of the ratio of sounds to letter combinations. a) b) c) d)
Spanish- or Italian-speaking; low Swedish- or Norwegian-speaking; low German- or Russian-speaking; high English- or French-speaking; high
Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.9 Identify the types of deficits associated with learning disorders and describe ways of understanding and treating learning disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q13.10 When Jennifer’s mom asks Jennifer to bring her the biggest cookie on a plate of cookies of various sizes, she grabs the smallest one. The difficulty that Jennifer has in understanding words or sentences, especially in reference to differences in quantity, may be indicative of a disorder. a) b) c) d)
language emotional social family
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.10 Describe the key features of language disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q13.11 Jose, age 5, struggles with the timing of speech sounds, often resulting in stuttering. He would most likely be diagnosed with a type of communication disorder called . a) b) c) d)
childhood-onset fluency disorder social communication disorder attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder oppositional defiant disorder
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.11 Describe the key features of psychological disorders involving problems with speech. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q13.12 New to the DSM-5 is a diagnosis for children who have continuing and profound difficulties communicating verbally and nonverbally with other people in settings such as in school, home, or play. This diagnosis is called . a) b) c) d)
phonological disorder neurocommunicative disorder expressive speech disorder social (pragmatic) communication disorder
Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.12 Describe the key features of social (pragmatic) communication disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q13.13 The most widely diagnosed psychological disorder in U.S. children between the ages of 6 and 17 is . a) b) c) d)
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder autism spectrum disorder depression intellectual disability
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.13 Describe the key features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, identify causal factors, and evaluate treatment methods. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOC Q13.14 Conduct-disordered behavior in children is linked to the development of adulthood. a) b) c) d)
behavior in
paranoid disruptive antisocial belligerent
Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.14 Describe the key features of conduct disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q13.15 Children and adolescents with disorder tend to argue with parents and/or teachers and refuse to follow requests or directions from others. a) b) c) d)
conduct oppositional defiant attention-deficit/hyperactivity antisocial
Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.15 Describe the key features of oppositional defiant disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q13.16 Separation anxiety impacts occurs more often in a) b) c) d)
of children and young adolescents, and the disorder .
1% to 3%; boys 4% to 5%; girls 5% to 7%; girls 6% to 7%; boys
Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.16 Describe the key features of anxiety-related disorders in children and adolescents. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q13.17 Major depression affects about of children aged 5 to under 13, and about of adolescents aged 13 to under 18. a) b) c) d)
1%; 10% 3%; 10% 5%; 15% 5%; 20%
Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.17 Describe common features of depression in childhood and identify cognitive biases associated with childhood depression and ways of treating childhood depression. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Difficult
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50
EOC Q13.18 The significant increase in the diagnosis of bipolar disorder since the early 1990s has led some critics to claim that has spurred overdiagnosis by encouraging physicians to prescribe the latest drugs. a) b) c) d)
the American Psychiatric Association the U.S. government the pharmaceutical industry pressure from parents seeking help for children
Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.18 Identify risk factors for suicide in adolescents. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q13.19 is apparently not genetically influenced and characterizes children with occasional bed-wetting who developed the problem after having established urinary control. a) b) c) d)
Primary enuresis Secondary enuresis Secondary encopresis Primary encopresis
Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.19 Describe the key features of enuresis and evaluate methods of treating bed-wetting. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q13.20 The term organic problem. a) b) c) d)
refers to lack of control over bowel movements that is not caused by an
enuresis encopresis scatogenesis enupresis
Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.20 Describe the key features of encopresis. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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EOM Q13.1.1 Tamara has an impairment of brain functioning that affects her psychological, cognitive, social, and emotional development. This is referred to as a disorder. a) b) c) d)
neurodevelopmental biologically derived cerebral defect maturational
Answer: a Learning Objective: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q13.1.2 Researchers estimate that nearly American children may have been misdiagnosed with ADHD in kindergarten simply because they were the youngest in their classes. a) b) c) d)
10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000
Answer: c Learning Objective: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q13.1.3 In research examining cultural differences in attitudes toward children’s behavior, American parents perceived problem behavior as compared to Thai parents. a) b) c) d)
more serious more likely to improve over time less worrisome less likely to have serious long-term consequences
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.1 Explain the differences between normal and abnormal behavior in childhood and adolescence and the role of cultural beliefs in determining abnormality. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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52
EOM Q13.1.4 A child with which type of disorder is at greatest risk of going untreated? a) b) c) d)
a learning disorder a mood disorder a disruptive behavior disorder an elimination disorder
Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.2 Describe the prevalence of psychological disorders in children and adolescents. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q13.1.5 Peter, age 10, often comes to school unkempt. He is an underachiever at school, gets along poorly with his classmates, and is frequently absent. He was recently caught torturing kittens and is known to pick fights with children smaller than him. The combination of these behaviors suggests that he . a) b) c) d)
has ADHD is autistic is adopted experiences physical abuse and neglect
Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.3 Identify risk factors for psychological disorders in childhood and adolescence and describe the effects of child abuse. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q13.2.1 Children with autism are often described by their parents as a) b) c) d)
early in infancy.
“good babies” “difficult babies” “easily irritated babies” “slow to warm up babies”
Answer: a Learning Objective: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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EOM Q13.2.2 Beatrice, age 7, does not relate to others. She lacks speech and exhibits disturbed motor behavior, intellectual impairment, and tantrums if objects in her room are moved or there is a change in her daily routine. Beatrice’s behaviors most closely meet the criteria for a diagnosis of disorder. a) b) c) d)
autism and autism spectrum attention-deficit/hyperactivity communication disruptive behavior
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.4 Describe key features of autism. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q13.2.3 is a term that refers to the tendency of autistic children to resist deviations in the arrangement of their possessions or changes in their routine. a) b) c) d)
Environmental static Perseveration Preservation of sameness Conservation of environment
Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.4 Describe key features of autism. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q13.2.4 Recent evidence suggests that in children with autism, the parts of the brain responsible for language and social behavior than in other children. a) b) c) d)
grow much more slowly begin the pruning process sooner have more immature, prenatal neuronal structures have denser motor neurons
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.5 Identify possible causal factors in autism. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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EOM Q13.2.5 Biomedical treatments for autism typically include the use of disruptive behavior. a) b) c) d)
drugs to control
antipsychotic antianxiety mood stabilizing antidepressant
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.6 Describe the treatment of autism. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q13.3.1 The presence of an additional X chromosome in _ whereas a single X chromosome instead of two in a) b) c) d)
syndrome affects only males, syndrome affects only females.
Turner; Klinefelter Klinefelter; Turner Klinefelter; Fragile X Down; Turner
Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.7 Describe the key features and causes of intellectual disability. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q13.3.2 Susan’s son Bob, age 17, attends special classes at the local high school. He is able to read and perform arithmetic calculations on a fourth-grade level. Bob is friendly, verbal, and can be guided in the area of social conformity. Bob’s level of intellectual disability is likely to be classified as . a) b) c) d)
profound severe moderate mild
Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.7 Describe the key features and causes of intellectual disability. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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EOM Q13.3.3 John has limited general intellectual abilities but is able to tell you in a few seconds the day of the week of any given date. Clinicians use the label to refer to someone with severe mental deficiencies who possesses some remarkable abilities like John’s. a) b) c) d)
savant syndrome intellectual outlier cognitively efficient processing skill-specific cognitive processing
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.7 Describe the key features and causes of intellectual disability. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q13.3.4 is a genetic disorder caused by a recessive gene that prevents the body of a child from metabolizing an amino acid found in many foods, causing damage to the central nervous system and severe mental retardation. a) b) c) d)
phenylketonuria Turner syndrome Fragile X syndrome Klinefelter syndrome
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.7 Describe the key features and causes of intellectual disability. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q13.3.5 What happened to the population of institutions for people with intellectual disabilities after the passage of the Developmentally Disabled Assistance and Bill of Rights Act? a) b) c) d)
It decreased by about a third. It decreased by about two-thirds. It increased by about one-half. There was no significant change.
Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.8 Describe interventions used to help children with intellectual disability. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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EOM Q13.4.1 The DSM-5 applies a single diagnosis of to encompass various types of learning disorders or disabilities involving significant deficits in skills required in reading, writing, arithmetic and math, and executive functions. a) b) c) d)
intellectual deficiency dyslexia specific learning disorder communication disorder
Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.9 Identify the types of deficits associated with learning disorders and describe ways of understanding and treating learning disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q13.4.2 Dyslexia is characterized by difficulty with a) b) c) d)
skills.
math social expression reading
Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.9 Identify the types of deficits associated with learning disorders and describe ways of understanding and treating learning disorders. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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57
EOM Q13.4.3 The genetic form of dyslexia appears to involve defects in the neural circuitry in the brain that readers use to process . a) b) c) d)
whole form visual input speech sounds memory encoding through the hippocampus visual-parietal input from the environment
Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.9 Identify the types of deficits associated with learning disorders and describe ways of understanding and treating learning disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q13.4.4 In contrast to other adults, brain scans taken during a reading task in those who have been diagnosed with dyslexia show greater activation in the . a) b) c) d)
right hemisphere occipital lobe cerebellum limbic system
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.9 Identify the types of deficits associated with learning disorders and describe ways of understanding and treating learning disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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58
EOM Q13.4.5 Betsy, who is from a disadvantaged educational background, has been diagnosed with dyslexia. Betsy relies more on memory than on decoding strategies to understand written words. Although some forms of dyslexia are more genetically influenced, Betsy’s form of dyslexia is more likely to be influenced. a) b) c) d)
environmentally visually verbally biologically
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.9 Identify the types of deficits associated with learning disorders and describe ways of understanding and treating learning disorders. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q13.5.1 Idira, age 6, has exhibited slow vocabulary development, errors in tenses, difficulties recalling words, and problems producing sentences of appropriate length and complexity for her age. It is likely that she has a disorder. a) b) c) d)
language speech sound phonological childhood-onset fluency
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.10 Describe the key features of language disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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59
EOM Q13.5.2 When faced with a challenging or stressful situation, children who stutter tend to be than nonstutterers. a) b) c) d)
more emotionally reactive more hostile more enthusiastic less anxious
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.11 Describe the key features of psychological disorders involving problems with speech. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q13.5.3 A child who has trouble making speech sounds but has no neurological deficits and has an intact speech mechanism is likely to be diagnosed with a disorder. a) b) c) d)
social communication speech sound receptive language childhood-onset fluency
Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.11 Describe the key features of psychological disorders involving problems with speech. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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60
EOM Q13.5.4 About before age 16. a) b) c) d)
of children who stutter overcome the problem without any treatment, usually
30% 45% 60% 80%
Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.11 Describe the key features of psychological disorders involving problems with speech. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q13.5.5 Anita is of average intelligence but has extreme difficulty carrying on a conversation and is often quiet when in a group of friends. The newly recognized disorder in DSM-5 of is likely to be an appropriate diagnosis for Anita. a) b) c) d)
phonological disorder speech sound disorder social communication disorder childhood-onset fluency disorder
Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.12 Describe the key features of social (pragmatic) communication disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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61
EOM Q13.6.1 Stimulant drugs treat ADHD by a) b) c) d)
.
activating the amygdala increasing blood pressure activating the parietal region of the brain activating the prefrontal cortex
Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.13 Describe the key features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, identify causal factors, and evaluate treatment methods. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q13.6.2 An emerging view among researchers today is that ADHD may be attributable to a) b) c) d)
.
failure for the body to metabolize artificial flavors and nutritional supplements a breakdown in the executive control functions of the brain disorganized parenting practices more responsive reward systems in the brain
Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.13 Describe the key features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, identify causal factors, and evaluate treatment methods. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q13.6.3 Which of the following was the first nonstimulant medication used in the treatment of ADHD? a) b) c) d)
Ritalin Concerta Strattera Adderall
Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.13 Describe the key features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, identify causal factors, and evaluate treatment methods. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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62
EOM Q13.6.4 Charles is a child who purposely engages in patterns of antisocial behavior, violates social norms and the rights of others, and does not feel remorse for these deeds. He would most likely be diagnosed as having disorder. a) b) c) d)
learning conduct antisocial personality attention-deficit/hyperactivity
Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.14 Describe the key features of conduct disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q13.6.5 Some theorists believe that the behavior in a child with oppositional defiant disorder is an expression of an underlying temperament described as the type. a) b) c) d)
“difficult child” “easy child” “slow to warm up” “mixed personality”
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.15 Describe the key features of oppositional defiant disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q13.7.1 Dr. Thomas, a learning theorist, is likely to suggest that generalized anxiety in childhood results from . a) b) c) d)
unconscious conflicts negative expectations fears of rejection or failure interpreting situations as threatening
Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.16 Describe the key features of anxiety-related disorders in children and adolescents. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
63
EOM Q13.7.2 Psychologist Mary Ainsworth found that separation anxiety begins a) b) c) d)
.
in the first year of life after a child learns to speak during the preschool years in kindergarten and first grade
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.16 Describe the key features of anxiety-related disorders in children and adolescents. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q13.7.3 Depressed children may not be able to label their feelings as depressed because children are not usually capable of recognizing internal feeling states until about the age of . a) b) c) d)
7 years 9 years 12 years 15 years
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.17 Describe common features of depression in childhood and identify cognitive biases associated with childhood depression and ways of treating childhood depression. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q13.7.4 The highest rate of suicide in the United States occurs among adult males. a) b) c) d)
adolescent and young
Native American Hispanic American (non-Hispanic) White African American
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.18 Identify risk factors for suicide in adolescents. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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64
EOM Q13.7.5 A new diagnosis of was introduced in DSM-5 to apply to children with extreme irritability and severe and frequent temper outbursts, but who do not show mood changes and other features of mania associated with bipolar disorder. a) b) c) d)
enuresis pediatric depression Turner syndrome disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Answer: d Learning Objective: 13.18 Identify risk factors for suicide in adolescents. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q13.8.1 The urine alarm method of treatment for enuresis that relies on success rate than psychiatric drugs. a) b) c) d)
_ conditioning has a
operant; higher operant; lower classical; higher classical; lower
Answer: c Learning Objective: 13.19 Describe the key features of enuresis and evaluate methods of treating bed-wetting. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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65
EOM Q13.8.2 Raiden is being treated for enuresis. According to the perspective, his behavior may represent an expression of hostility toward his parents because of harsh toilet training. a) b) c) d)
psychodynamic learning cognitive sociocultural
Answer: a Learning Objective: 13.19 Describe the key features of enuresis and evaluate methods of treating bed-wetting. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q13.8.3 Bed-wetting that is persistent in a child who has never established urinary control is enuresis, and occasional bed-wetting after attaining urinary control is enuresis. The most common form of enuresis is enuresis. a) b) c) d)
primary; secondary; secondary primary; secondary; primary secondary; primary; primary secondary; primary; secondary
Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.19 Describe the key features of enuresis and evaluate methods of treating bed-wetting. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q13.8.4 Enuresis is more common in a) b) c) d)
; encopresis is more common in
boys; girls boys; boys girls; boys girls; girls
Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.20 Describe the key features of encopresis. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
66
.
EOM Q13.8.5 Enuresis occurs most often during the . a) b) c) d)
_; encopresis occurs most often during the
night; night night; day day; day day; night
Answer: b Learning Objective: 13.20 Describe the key features of encopresis. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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Total Assessment Guide Topic Learning Objective 14.1
Learning Objective 14.2
Learning Objective 14.3
Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 14.4
Learning Objective 14.5
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 14.6
Essay Multiple Choice
Factual 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 217, 218, 219 296 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 45, 47 220, 221, 222, 223 297, 298 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231 299
Conceptual 3, 4
Applied 6
28, 38, 39, 40
14, 30, 32, 42, 43, 44, 46, 48, 49, 50
66, 67, 70
57, 61
78, 79, 80, 81 232, 233, 234 300 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247 301, 302 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 128, 129, 131, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 178, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 190, 191, 192, 193
87, 92, 98
94, 95, 96, 97
113, 162, 176
124, 126, 127, 130, 132, 146, 149, 153, 157, 163, 179, 194
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68
Topic
Essay Multiple Choice
Factual 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 282, 282, 283, 284 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202 285, 286, 287 312, 313 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 212, 213 288, 289, 290, 291, 292 314 215, 216
True-False Essay
293, 294, 295 315
True-False
Essay
Learning Objective 14.7
Learning Objective 14.8
Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 14.9
Conceptual
203
211
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69
Applied
214
14 Neurocognitive Disorders and Disorders Related to Aging Multiple-Choice Questions 1. disorders arise from injuries or diseases that affect the brain, including those that result from drug use or withdrawal. a. Learning c. Developmental b. Neurocognitive d. Neurosurgical ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 537
2. Disorders involving deficits in cognitive functioning that represent a marked change from the individual’s prior level of functioning and which are caused by physical or medical conditions that affect brain functions are called . a. psychosomatic disorders c. neurocognitive disorders b. adjustment disorders d. somatoform disorders ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3):2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.1 Skill: Factual 3.
Neurocognitive disorders differ from other psychological disorders in that they . a. result in permanent loss of physical functioning because of psychological factors b. affect men far more than women c. involve deterioration in the functioning of one or more of the five sensory organs d. have either known or presumed biological causes ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.1 Skill: Conceptual
4.
Page: 537
Page: 537
Damage to the temporal lobe is associated with defects in a. memory and attention b. vision and seeing
.
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70
c. d.
touch and proprioception walking and balance
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.1 Skill: Conceptual 5.
Page: 537
A disturbance of sensory perception, usually affecting visual recognition, is known as a. aphasia c. agnosia b. amnesia d. delirium ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.1 Skill: Factual
.
Page: 539
6. A woman is unable to process any visual information in a sensible manner. Although her eyes work fine and her brain processes the visual material so that she can "see," her brain processes the visual material in a fragmented manner so she is unable to make any sense out of what she sees. This woman is suffering from . a. Pick's disease c. agnosia b. Wernicke's syndrome d. aphasia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.1 Skill: Applied 7.
Which of the following is one of the major types of neurocognitive disorders? a. Mental retardation c. Autism spectrum disorder b. Delirium d. Nonverbal communication disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.1 Skill: Factual
8.
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Page: 539
The DSM-5 classifies disorders of neurocognitive functioning by organizing them into a. two c. four b. three d. five ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.1 Skill: Factual
types of disorders.
Page: 539
9. Which of the following is a general term used to describe a severe neurocognitive disorder in which there is general deterioration of mental functioning? a. Dementia b. Dissociation c. Cognitive slippage Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
71
d.
Secondary cognitive decline
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 539
10. Which of the following is a state of extreme mental confusion in which people have difficulty focusing their attention, speaking clearly and coherently, and orienting themselves to the environment? a. Delirium b. Dissociation c. Cerebral regression d. Cerebral inflammation ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.1 Skill: Factual
Page: 539
11. The term means straying from the line, or the norm, in cognition, perception, and behavior. a. dementia c. aphasia b. delirium d. agnosia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 540
12. A state of mental confusion, disorientation, and inability to focus attention is known as a. amnesia c. delirium b. dementia d. aphasia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual 13. There are a. three b. four
.
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known causes of delirium.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
c. d.
five many
Page: 540
14. Molly has a cognitive disorder. Her mind wanders. She can't shift attention to new tasks. Her thinking is disorganized and marked by incoherent speech. She is often disoriented, has difficulty staying awake, and sometimes misinterprets sensory stimuli. Her disorder is most likely . a. dementia c. intoxication b. delirium d. amnestic disorder Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
72
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Applied
Page: 540
15. Viral encephalitis is . a. a prion disease b. a hardening of brain arteries with a viral origin c. a type of brain infection d. a swelling of the brain resulting from a B vitamin deficiency ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 540
16. Lack of awareness of the date, time, place, and identity is known as a. dementia c. confabulation b. disorientation d. amnesia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
.
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17. Dr. Jones, after conducting an interview with Patrick’s grandfather (who has delirium), indicates that the grandfather is experiencing “Disorientation to person.” This phrase means that Patrick’s grandfather doesn’t know . a. who Patrick is b. who he is c. who the doctor is d. he exists ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 540
18. The severity of symptoms with delirium . a. steadily becomes more severe over the course of a day b. becomes severe only in the evening c. fluctuates throughout the course of a day d. remains constant for the remainder of the patient’s life ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual 19. Visual hallucinations can be a part of
Page: 540
.
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73
a. b.
dementia amnesia
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
c. d.
delirium senility
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20. Which of the following can be a symptom of delirium? a. Increased appetite c. Headache b. Disorientation d. Depression ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 540
21. The prevalence of delirium is estimated at about a. 1% to 2% b. 5% to 10% c. 10% to 20% d. 30% to 50% ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
in the general community.
Page: 540
22. Among people over the age of 85, the prevalence rate of delirium rises to about a. 6 b. 14 c. 20 d. 50 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
percent.
Page: 540
23. Delirium most often affects which of the following? a. Elderly hospitalized patients following surgical operations b. Husbands just before marriage c. Adolescents during puberty d. Athletes during sporting event ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 540
24. According to the textbook, delirium may also occur due to exposure to which of the following? Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
74
a. b. c. d.
Toxic substances such as eating certain poisonous mushrooms Music played at a subliminal level Excessive color An extreme monotone voice for an extended period of time
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 540
25. A key feature in delirium is disturbances of a. appetite b. perception c. IQ d. sex drive ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual 26. Delirium can be caused by a deficiency in a. vitamin A b. the B vitamin thiamine ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
.
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. c. d.
vitamin C vitamin D
Page: 540
27. Which of the following is a common cause of delirium? a. Brain infection c. Vitamin C deficiencies b. Spider bite d. Iron deficiencies ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 540
28. Among young people, delirium is most commonly the result of which of the following? a. Abrupt withdrawal from psychoactive drugs b. A side-effect of medication c. Hospitalization d. The pressure of adolescence ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 540
29. Among older persons, delirium is most likely to be a sign of
.
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75
a. b. c. d.
psychoactive substance use alcohol withdrawal the onset of Alzheimer’s disease a life-threatening medical condition
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 540
30. Fran’s boyfriend Mark has been brought to the hospital in a delirious state. Mark, age 18, is a first-year college student and has no known psychiatric or medical problems. He seemed fine before going out with his fraternity brothers and he has not been involved in any accident. What might the doctors evaluating Mark initially consider as a possible cause of his delirium? a. Psychoactive drugs b. An underlying serious medical condition c. Liver disease d. A seizure disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Applied
Page: 540
31. The most common cause of delirium among young people is . a. brain infection c. severe head trauma b. abrupt withdrawal from drugs d. ingestion of drugs ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 540
32. Ed, a chronic alcoholic, has not had a drink in over 24 hours. Ed feels as though there are cockroaches crawling all over him. He is experiencing terrifying hallucinations as well. It is possible Ed is experiencing . a. a psychotic break b. a manic episode c. alcohol poisoning d. DTs ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Applied
Page: 540
33. People with chronic alcoholism who abruptly stop drinking may experience a form of delirium called a. delirium tremens b. alcohol reverberation c. intoxication rebound d. synergy aria ANSWER: A Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
76
.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 540
34. The course of delirium tremens usually runs for about a a. day c. month b. week d. year ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 541
35. The best treatment setting for delirium tremens would be a. a hospital b. an outpatient clinic c. a nursing home d. at home ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
.
.
Page: 541
36. Delirium involves , possibly resulting from . a. an allergic reaction; dehydration b. widespread disruption of brain activity; imbalances in the levels of certain neurotransmitters c. widespread neurotransmitter excess; undetected tumors d. underactivity of neural firing; cognitive decline ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 541
37. Which of the following differentiates delirium from dementia or other forms of major neurocognitive disorder? a. It develops rapidly, generally in a few hours to a few days. b. It is characterized by states of confusion. c. It results in increased need for sleep. d. It only affects those with lower cholesterol levels. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 541
38. Muscle spasms, seizures and tremors are features of delirium which fall into which of the following domains? a. Emotion b. Cognition and perception c. Behavior d. Autonomic nervous system activity Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 540
39. Apprehension, fear and panic are features of delirium which fall into which of the following domains? a. Emotion b. Cognition and perception c. Behavior d. Autonomic nervous system activity ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 540
40. Confusion, meaningless mumbling, and wild hallucinations are some of the major and minor features of delirium in which of the following domains? a. Emotion b. Cognition and perception c. Behavior d. Autonomic nervous system activity ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 540
41. During the course of delirium, the person’s mental state often fluctuates between periods of clarity (“lucid intervals”), which are most common in the , and periods of confusion and disorientation. a. morning b. afternoon c. early evening d. middle of the night ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 541
42. Carl is suffering from delirium. He experiences apprehension, confusion, racing thoughts, tremors, and an abnormally fast heartbeat. His delirium is best described as . a. chronic c. moderate b. mild d. severe ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Applied
Page: 540
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43. Carl is suffering from delirium. He experiences fear, delusions, some disorientation, muscle spasms, but not seizures, and perspires heavily. His delirium is best described as . a. chronic c. moderate b. mild d. severe ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Applied
Page: 540
44. Maria is suffering from delirium. She mumbles incoherently, experiences episodes of panic with vivid and frightening hallucinations, seizures, and high fever. Her delirium is best described as . a. chronic c. moderate b. mild d. severe ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Applied
Page: 540
45. Which of the following is a symptom of severe delirium? a. Meaningless mumbling c. Muscle spasms b. Delusions d. Apprehension ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 540
46. Marcus exhibits panic, fever, seizures, meaningless mumbling, and vivid hallucinations. His behavior is best described as . a. dementia c. Alzheimer’s disease b. schizophrenia d. delirium ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Applied
Page: 540
47. Which of the following represent the feature of autonomic activity with delirium? a. Abnormally fast heartbeat b. Muscle spasms c. Disorientation, delusions d. Vivid hallucinations ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual
Page: 540
48. Lisa suffers from delirium. She is most likely to have moments of clarity
.
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79
a. b.
in the morning in the afternoon
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Applied
c. d.
in the evening late at night
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49. Ryan suffers from delirium. He is most likely to have his worst periods of confusion following a. episodes of binge eating c. a sleepless night b. a night in which he overslept d. a stressful day ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Applied
Page: 541
50. Angel suffers from delirium. He is most likely to have his worst periods of confusion in a. the evening, after dark c. the presence of bright lights b. the morning d. a large crowd ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Applied
.
.
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51. represents a profound decline or deterioration in mental functioning characterized by significant impairment of memory, thinking processes, and judgment and by specific cognitive deficits. a. Stupor b. Dissociation c. Agnosia d. Dementia ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
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52. Which of the following is another word for major neurocognitive disorder? a. Dementia b. Korsakoff’s syndrome c. Mental retardation d. Delirium ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
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53. involves a profound deterioration in mental functioning, characterized by gross memory impairment and cognitive deficits such as aphasia, apraxia, or agnosia, and deficits in executive functioning. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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a. b.
Major neurocognitive disorder Delirium
c. d.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual 54. Most dementias are and a. episodic; reversible b. progressive; reversible ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
Anhedonia Amnestic disorder
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. c. d.
episodic; irreversible progressive; irreversible
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55. Which of the following is a known cause of dementia? a. Febrile convulsions c. Headaches b. HIV infection d. Aluminum ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual 56. The most common form of dementia is a. vascular dementia b. dementia due to Pick's disease ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 541
. c. d.
dementia due to Alzheimer's disease dementia due to Parkinson's disease
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57. Sally has a cognitive disorder. She has memory deficits in recalling newly learned information, past personal information, and common knowledge. She also exhibits deficiencies in abstract thinking, impaired judgment, aphasia, and apraxia. Finally, she exhibits personality changes in which she seems almost the opposite of her normal self. Her disorder is most likely . a. dementia c. anencephaly b. delirium d. amnestic disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Applied
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58. A form of dementia that results from neurosyphilis is . a. AIDS c. delirium b. general paresis d. Creutzfeldt-Jacob
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ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual 59. General paresis is caused by _ . a. an auto-immune disorder b. encephalitis ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual 60. Syphilis is caused by a(n) a. bacterial infection b. auto-immune disorder
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c. d.
neurosyphilis meningitis
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.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
c. d.
viral infection environmental toxin
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61. Al suffers from late-stage syphilis. He has slurred speech, impaired motor coordination, and is steadily developing motor paralysis. He is irritable, but lacks normal responsiveness to joyous or upsetting events. He has deteriorated intellectually, and has completely abandoned personal grooming and hygiene. His condition is called . a. Huntington's disease c. general paresis b. Addison's disease d. meningitis ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Applied
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62. Late-stage syphilis once accounted for upward of a. 10 c. b. 30 d. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
percent of admissions to psychiatric hospitals. 50 70
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63. In cases of severe tissue damage resulting from neurosyphilis, antibiotics can . a. do little to slow the pace of deterioration b. slow down the pace of deterioration but cannot stop it c. stop the deterioration but cannot restore former levels of functioning d. stop the deterioration and eventually restore former levels of functioning ANSWER: C Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 542
64. A form of dementia caused by a bacterium that had historical significance in the development of the medical model of mental disorders was known as which of the following? a. General paresis b. Delirium c. Apraxia d. Agnosia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
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65. The form of dementia called general paresis resulted from a form of the later stages of which sexually transmitted disease? a. HIV b. Chlamydia c. Syphilis d. Herpes ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
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66. The finding that the form of dementia known as general paresis was caused by a bacterium was important for the development and strengthening of which of the following? a. The medical model b. The psychodynamic model c. The cognitive model d. The psychological model ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Conceptual
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67. The 19th-century discovery of the connection between and a concrete physical illness, syphilis, strengthened the medical model and held out the promise that organic causes would eventually be found for other abnormal behavior. a. general paresis b. chlamydia c. Alzheimer’s disease d. vascular neurocognitive disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3
Page: 542
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Skill: Conceptual 68. The effectiveness of treatment for general paresis through the use of antibiotics is dependent upon which of the following? a. When they are introduced and the extent of the brain damage b. The time of day the antibiotics are given and the type of antibiotics c. Whether the chlamydia is comorbid with depression d. The type of chlamydia and the diet of the user ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
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69. Why did the developers of the DSM-5 decide to no longer use the term dementia as a diagnostic label? a. It is a pejorative term that carries an unfortunate stigma. b. The term is too specific and descriptive. c. The term only applies to young people. d. Prevalence rates of dementia are very low. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
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70. Which of the following is true? a. Dementia is an inevitable and normal part of the aging process. b. Dementia is a sign of degenerative brain disease. c. The risk of dementia decreases after age 70. d. There are relatively few causes of dementia. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Conceptual 71. Most dementias occur in people . a. under age forty b. between the ages of 40 and 60 ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
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c. d.
between the ages of 60 and 80 over age 80
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72. The form of dementia that begins at or before the age of 65 is called a. early-onset dementia c. presenile dementia b. progressive dementia d. episodic dementia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders
.
Page: 542
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Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual 73. The form of dementia that begins after age 65 is called . a. late-onset dementia c. post-senile dementia b. progressive dementia d. episodic dementia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 542
74. Impaired ability to comprehend or produce speech is called . a. agnosia c. disturbance in executive functioning b. apraxia d. aphasia ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 541
75. Impaired ability to perform purposeful movements despite an absence of any defect in motor functioning is called . a. agnosia c. disturbance in executive functioning b. apraxia d. aphasia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
Page: 541
76. Inability to recognize objects, despite an intact sensory system is called . a. agnosia c. disturbance in executive functioning b. apraxia d. aphasia ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
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77. Deficits in planning, organizing, or sequencing activities or in engaging in abstract thinking is called a. agnosia c. disturbance in executive functioning b. apraxia d. aphasia ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
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78. Which of the following is a newly recognized disorder in DSM-5 that applies to people who suffer a mild or modest decline in cognitive functioning from their prior level? Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
85
.
a. b. c. d.
Parkinson’s disease Mild neurocognitive disorder Dementia Delirium tremens
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.4 Skill: Conceptual
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79. Regarding mild neurocognitive disorder, which of the following is a true statement? a. It first appeared in the DSM-IV-TR. b. The decline is not of sufficient magnitude to justify a diagnosis of major neurocognitive disorder. c. Concerns alone about the decline are sufficient for a diagnosis. d. It is an new name for what was once a mood disorder. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.4 Skill: Conceptual
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80. Mild neurocognitive disorder is a new name for a clinical syndrome widely identified as a. mild cognitive impairment b. delirium c. agnosia d. major neurocognitive disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.4 Skill: Conceptual
.
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81. Mild impairment of cognitive functioning frequently occurs in the of neurodegenerative diseases like AD and other conditions affecting the brain, such as traumatic brain injury, HIV infection, substance-use-related brain disorders, and diabetes. a. early stages b. middle stages c. late stages d. end stage ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.4 Skill: Conceptual
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82. Which of the following is a degenerative brain disease that leads to progressive and irreversible dementia and is characterized by memory loss and deterioration of other cognitive functions, including judgment and ability to reason? a. Korsakoff’s syndrome c. Dementia b. Alzheimer’s disease d. Parkinson’s disease ANSWER: B Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 543
83. As the U.S. population continues to grow in the number of older adults, Alzheimer’s disease in the U.S. is expected to affect as many as people by the year . a. 5 million; 2040 b. 16 million; 2050 c. 3 million; 2070 d. 1 million; 2020 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual
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84. Ninety-nine percent of Alzheimer’s patients are a. male b. Caucasian c. poor d. over the age of 65 ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual
.
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85. Alzheimer’s disease affects about percent of people between the ages of 65 and 74; and about percent of people between the ages of 75 and 84. a. 30; 35 b. 7; 51 c. 14; 25 d. 10; 75 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 543
86. Alzheimer’s is not a . a. a form of delirium; permanent condition b. an emotional response to aging; biologically-based disorder c. a degenerative form of brain disease; normal sign of aging d. a normal part of aging; preventable disorder ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 543
87. Women have been found to be at higher risk than men for Alzheimer’s disease. This may be because Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
87
.
a. b. c. d.
of the effects of estrogen the older generation of women have not exercised their brains at work as much as men they live longer than men they have not exercised as much as men
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 543
88. Which symptom would be expected in advanced cases of Alzheimer’s disease? a. Feeling as though they have a special power over others b. Delusions that special messages from the president are being transmitted to the individual through the pet cat’s water bowl. c. Delusions of grandeur that they are someone with great power like God or the president d. Forgetting their own names ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 89. Alzheimer’s disease was first described by a a. German physician b Swiss psychologist ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 544
. c. d.
American psychiatrist Dutch nurse
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90. Brain plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are common symptoms of . a. Korsakoff's syndrome c. Alzheimer's disease b. Wernicke's disease d. Parkinson's disease ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 544
91. In 2012, a new technology became available that allows doctors to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease based on associated with the disease together with clinical evidence of memory loss. a. examination of glucose levels b. brain scans showing plaques c. a complete review of behavioral and neuromuscular deficits d. inspection of brain tissue by a biopsy or autopsy ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 545
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88
92. Early stages of Alzheimer’s disease have people that are generally . a. uncooperative c. more intelligent than usual b. socially inappropriate d. cooperative and socially appropriate ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Conceptual
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93. Limited memory problems and subtle personality changes are early signs of a. Korsakoff’s syndrome c. Wernicke’s disease b. Alzheimer’s disease d. ataxia ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual
.
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94. Ben has Alzheimer's disease. Currently, he is having memory problems such as remembering his zip code, telephone numbers, and the names of some of his grandchildren. He also has difficulty managing his finances because he no longer can add two numbers correctly. Although he keeps himself neatly groomed, Ben, who used to be quite outgoing, now stays at home most of the time. Ben's Alzheimer's disease is now at the level of development. a. early c. moderately severe b. moderate d. severe/advanced ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Applied
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95. Bob has Alzheimer's disease. Currently, he requires some assistance managing everyday affairs. He is unable to select clothes that are proper for the season or occasion. He is also unable to recall the names and addresses of family members. He shouldn't drive because he forgets which pedal is for the brakes and which one is for the gas. He also forgets what traffic lights and stop signs mean. Bob's Alzheimer's disease is at the level of development. a. early c. moderately severe b. moderate d. severe ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Applied
Page: 545
96. Tim has Alzheimer's disease. Currently, he cannot remember the names and addresses of friends and family members. He also has large gaps in his memory for recent events and experiences. He cannot remember his complete address and he sometimes forgets the name of his spouse, upon whom he is completely dependent. He needs assistance with bathing and toileting. He paces, walking in short, slow steps, and he rarely talks in complete sentences anymore. He is often agitated to the point of acting out his emotions. Tim's Alzheimer's disease is at the level of development. a. mild/early c. moderately severe Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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b.
moderate
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Applied
d.
severe
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97. Ron has Alzheimer's disease. Currently, he is incontinent, unable to walk or speak and requires assistance in toileting and feeding. Most times he is entirely mute and inattentive to his environment. Ron's Alzheimer's disease is at the level of development. a. early c. moderately severe b. moderate d. severe ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Applied
Page: 546
98. “Attending a funeral that never ends” is . a. the title of a book about a victim of Parkinson’s disease b. the title of a book about a woman who was in a coma from an auto accident for 30 years c. a description of the experiences of the family who cares for an Alzheimer’s patient d. a description of the chronic cognitive and emotional impairment from Korsakoff’s syndrome ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Conceptual
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99. Caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients have been found to have higher . a. levels of stress hormones c. scores on an empathy scale b. incidents of memory loss d. suicide rates ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual
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100. The plaques that characterize Alzheimer's disease are composed of a. aluminum c. cholesterol b. fatty triglycerides d. beta amyloid ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 101. fMRI scans have shown that patients with a. Parkinson’s b. Huntington’s
.
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c. d.
have less well-connected neural networks in their brains. Korsakoff’s Alzheimer’s
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ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 548 Topic: A Closer Look: Taking a Page from Facebook: Neuroscientists Examine Brain Networks in Alzheimer’s Patients Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 102. People with a genetic variant called the a. Beta amyloid b. Plaque-B c. ApoE4 d. SSRI ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual
gene stand a much higher risk of developing AD.
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103. Donepezil, a drug used to treat Alzheimer’s disease, increases levels of a. serotonin c. acetylcholine b. dopamine d. cortisol ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 104. a. b.
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is a drug aimed at treating moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease by blocking glutamate. Leptin c. Knowitine Niacatil d. Memantine
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 547
105. Patients with Alzheimer’s disease tend to have abnormally levels of glutamate. a. low; low c. high; low b. low; high d. high; high ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 106.
, a neurotransmitter.
levels of acetylcholine and abnormally
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in the brain appears to play a key role in the development of AD. Inflammation Growth of new neurons An enlarged frontal lobe Increased corpus callosum activity
a. b. c. d.
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91
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 547
107. Identify the behavior that has been found to delay the development of Alzheimer’s disease. a. Maintaining a daily diary b. Participation in mentally challenging tasks c. Reducing stress d. Taking week-long vacations at least three times per year ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual
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108.A cerebrovascular accident in the brain is commonly known as a(n) a. aneurysm c. laceration b. hemorrhage d. stroke ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
.
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109. When part of the brain becomes damaged because of a disruption of blood supply, it is called a(n)
a. b.
aphasia cerebrovascular accident
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
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110. Vascular dementia refers to what we now call
a. b.
amnestic disorder delirium
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
contusion concussion
c. d.
. vascular neurocognitive disorder substance-induced dementia
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111. Which statement is true of vascular neurocognitive disorder?
a. b. c. d.
It is the most common form of dementia. It occurs typically at a later age than Alzheimer’s disease. It affects more women than men. It results from a series of repeated strokes.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
Page: 549
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.
Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 112. Single strokes may produce
a. b.
. generalized cognitive declines vascular dementia
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
aphasia Alzheimer’s disease
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113. Vascular neurocognitive disorder is most similar in its symptoms to
a. b.
Parkinson’s disease Alzheimer’s disease
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Conceptual
c. d.
.
delirium Huntington’s disease
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114. As compared to Alzheimer’s dementia, vascular neurocognitive disorder
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
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115. Vascular neurocognitive disorder usually results from
a. b.
Parkinson’s disease a single stroke
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
. a high fever multiple strokes
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116. Vascular neurocognitive disorder accounts for about one in
a. b.
.
does not involve memory impairment comes on more abruptly comes on more gradually does not result in an inability to care for oneself
two three
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
cases of dementia.
four five
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117.A disorder that causes Alzheimer's-like symptoms and cognitive deterioration, as well as flagrant sexual behavior and a loss of modesty, but does not involve the presence of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain is . a. Parkinson's disease c. frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder b. Wernicke's syndrome d. Huntington's disease ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
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118. Frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder is most similar in its symptomology to
a. b.
Parkinson’s disease a cerebral hemorrhage
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
Alzheimer’s disease Huntington’s disease
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119. Frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder was once called which of the following?
a. b.
Parkinson's disease Wernicke's syndrome
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Pick’s disease Huntington's disease
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120.A behavioral symptom of frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder is a. loss of modesty c. anger displays b. social withdrawal d. fidgeting ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
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121.Frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder disease accounts for about a. 6 to 12 c. 26 to 32 b. 16 to 22 d. 36 to 42 ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
.
percent of dementias.
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122.A person is most likely to first show symptoms of frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder during a. childhood c. middle age b. adolescence d. late adulthood
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.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 549
123. The risk of contracting frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder declines with age after age
a. b.
40 50
c. d.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
.
60 70
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124. Which of the following people is MOST likely to have Pick’s disease?
a. b.
A 40-year-old man A 95-year-old man
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Applied
c. d.
A 65-year-old woman A 95-year-old woman
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125. Which of the following is true of frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder?
a. b. c. d.
It runs in families. It is more common in women than in men. It is marked by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles. Its diagnosis is confirmed by an fMRI.
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
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126. Bradley just suffered a severe electric shock. Which of the following cognitive disorders is he MOST likely to
develop? a. b.
Delirium Dementia
c. d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Applied
Amnesia Organic hallucinosis
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127. In the text’s excerpt describing the reaction of a male medical student after he awoke from a coma following a
head injury, he did not recognize his a. mother b. father ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
. c. d.
wife daughter
Page: 550
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Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Applied 128. There are
a. b.
general types of amnesia.
two three
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
four five
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129. Loss of memory for personal information and past events is known as
a. b.
reactive pathogenic
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
amnesia.
anterograde retrograde
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130. Angie has amnesia. She retains her general intellectual functioning and can learn new information as quickly as
ever, but she cannot remember where she lives or anything from her past before she suffered the head injury that left her with amnesia. Her symptoms are most similar to someone with amnesia. a. reactive c. anterograde b. pathogenic d. retrograde ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Applied
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131. Inability or difficulty forming or storing new memories is known as
a. b.
reactive pathogenic
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
amnesia.
anterograde retrograde
Page: 550
132. Angie has amnesia. While she remembers everything about her past, she cannot retain memories of any new
experiences for more than 10 to 15 minutes. The new memories just seem to “disappear” and she must learn it all over again. Her symptoms are most similar to someone with . a. reactive c. anterograde b. pathogenic d. retrograde ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6
Page: 550
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Skill: Applied 133. People with amnestic disorder are most likely to experience disorientation of
a. b.
place, but not time or self time, but not place or self
c. d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 134. In amnesia, people’s memory
a. b.
deteriorates; deteriorates remains normal; deteriorates
.
place and time, but not self place and self, but not time
Page: 551
and intellectual functioning . c. deteriorates; remains normal d. remains normal; remains normal
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 551
135. In testing someone with amnesia, the examiner might ask the patient to repeat back a series of numbers that the
examiner calls out. This exercise is evaluating a. long-term memory b. orientation to place c. immediate memory d. retroactive memory ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
.
Page: 550
136. Immediate memory, as measured by ability to repeat back a series of numbers, seems to be
of amnesia. a. b. c. d.
delayed but available after a period of contemplation unimpaired significantly impaired mildly impaired
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 550
137. Which of the following cognitive symptoms is someone with amnesia most likely to experience?
a. b. c. d.
Not knowing the day, month, and year Not knowing how to drive a car Having delusions of grandiosity Experiencing intense paranoia
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 550
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97
in states
Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 138. Amnesia patients may suffer profound memory losses and their general intelligence tends to
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 551
139. Sudden loss of oxygen to the brain is called
a. b.
infarction hypoxia
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
. c. d.
hemiplegia anaerobia
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140. Blockage of the blood vessels supplying the brain is called
a. b.
.
deteriorate to the level of borderline intellectual functioning remain within a normal range temporarily be deficient but return to normal in one to two years never recover well enough for the person to live independently
anoxia cirrhosis
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
hemostasis infarction
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141.A common cause of amnestic disorder due to alcohol abuse is a. niacin c. thiamine b. iodine d. beta carotene ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
deficiency.
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142. Alcohol-induced irreversible memory loss due to brain damage resulting from deficiency of vitamin B1 is
another name for . a. Cushing's syndrome b. Addison's disease ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Korsakoff's syndrome Broca's syndrome
Page: 551
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98
143. Korsakoff's syndrome is most closely associated with
a. b.
automobile accidents posttraumatic stress disorder
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
. chronic alcohol abuse cerebro-vascular accidents
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144. Long-term thiamine deficiencies may cause an irreversible form of brain damage called
a. b.
Korsakoff's syndrome Broca's syndrome
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
Wernicke's syndrome Klinefelter's syndrome
Page: 551
145. The memory impairment in Korsakoff’s syndrome
a. b. c. d.
. only involves short-term memory loss is reversible as soon as alcohol is out of the patient’s bloodstream is caused exclusively by chronic alcoholism persists for years after the person stops drinking
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 551
146. Miles is suffering from Korsakoff’s syndrome. Which memory deficit is most likely?
a. b.
Vocabulary Immediate memory
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Applied
c. d.
Past experiences Faces
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147. Korsakoff's syndrome often follows an acute attack of
a. b.
Cushing's syndrome Addison's disease
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
. Wernicke's disease Broca's syndrome
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148.A brain disorder that is associated with chronic alcoholism and characterized by confusion, disorientation, and difficulty maintaining balance while walking is . a. Korsakoff’s syndrome c. Klinefelter’s syndrome Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
99
b.
Wernicke’s disease
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
d.
dementia
Page: 551
149. Shawn suffers from confusion, disorientation, ataxia, and paralysis of the muscles that control eye movements.
He is suffering from . a. Korsakoff's syndrome b. Broca's syndrome ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Applied
c. d.
Wernicke's disease Klinefelter's syndrome
Page: 551
150. If one with Wernicke's disease wants to avoid developing Korsakoff’s syndrome, (s)he should be treated with
major doses of . a. niacin b. vitamin B1 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
carotene acetaminophen
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151. Difficulties in maintaining balance while walking is called
a. b.
aphasia ataxia
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 152. Ataxia is
a. b. c. d.
c. d.
.
agnosia anhedonia
Page: 551
. a disturbance of sensor perception impairment in receptive and expressive speech difficulty in maintaining balance while walking an impaired ability to perform purposeful movements despite an absence of any defect in motor functioning
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 551
153. Anthony suffers from substantial losses in short-term and long-term memory, although he retains his general
level of intelligence. He is superficially friendly but lacks insight and is unable to discriminate between actual events and the wild, implausible stories he invents to fill the gaps in his memory. He is most likely suffering from . Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
100
a. b.
Korsakoff's syndrome Broca's syndrome
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Applied
c. d.
Wernicke's disease Klinefelter's syndrome
Page: 551
154. Which of the following are abnormal protein deposits that form within the nucleus of cells in parts of the brain,
disrupting brain processes that control memory and motor control? a. Lewy bodies b. Antibodies c. Korsakoff’s bodies d. Ataxias bodies ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 551
155. In addition to profound cognitive decline, the distinguishing features of neurocognitive disorder due to Lewy
body disease, is marked by frequent periods of drowsiness and staring to space, as well as recurrent visual hallucinations and rigid body movements and stiff muscles typical of Parkinson’s disease. a. the appearance of fluctuating alertness and attention, b. increased episodes of hunger c. episodes of extreme depression d. episodes of aggression ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 551
156. Neurocognitive disorder due to Lewy body disease accounts for about
a. b. c. d.
of dementias in older adults.
10% 25% 50% 70%
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 551
157. Mark suffers from shaking, tremors, loss of control of fine motor movements, rigidity, and disturbances in
posture. He walks laboriously in a crouch and has sluggish reflexes. He usually looks expressionless, as if he were wearing a mask. Mark is probably suffering from . a. Parkinson's disease c. Pick's disease b. Alzheimer's disease d. Huntington's disease ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 552
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101
Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Applied 158. Parkinson's disease afflicts between
a. b.
1,000 to 5,000 10,000 to 15,000
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
people in the United States. c. 100,000 to 150,000 d. 500,000 to 1,000,000
Page: 552
159. Muhammad Ali and actor Michael J. Fox suffer from
a. b.
Alzheimer’s disease Pick’s disease
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 160.A woman is a. half b. equally
c. d.
. Parkinson’s disease Amnestic disorder
Page: 552
as likely as a man to get Parkinson's disease. c. twice d. four times
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 552
161.A person is most likely to develop Parkinson's disease between the ages of a. 10 to 29 c. 50 to 69 b. 30 to 49 d. 70 to 89
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 552 Topic: Dementias Due to General Medical Conditions Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 162. Which statement is true of the incidence of dementia in Parkinson’s patients?
a. b. c. d.
Dementia is not a symptom of Parkinson’s disease. All Parkinson’s patients develop dementia. Dementia occurs in as many as 80% of Parkinson’s patients. If dementia occurs, it will occur in the early stages of the disease.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 552
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102
163. What activity would probably be very difficult for the actor Michael J. Fox?
a. b.
Reading a computer monitor Signing an autograph
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Applied
c. d.
Sleeping Listening to music
Page: 552
164. Parkinson’s patients have a greater than average risk of becoming
a. b.
hypertensive infertile
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
mute socially withdrawn
Page: 552
165. Sufferers of Parkinson's disease are particularly prone to developing
a. b.
depression generalized anxiety
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
. schizotypal personality conversion disorder
Page: 552
166. Parkinson's disease involves destruction of neurons in the
a. b.
cochlea reticular formation
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
. caudate nucleus substantia nigra
Page: 552
167. The substantia nigra is an area of the brain that helps regulate
a. b.
short-term memory long-term memory
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
. body movement attention and concentration
Page: 552
168. In most cases of Parkinson's disease, the underlying causes are
a. b.
drug-induced viral infection
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
c. d.
.
atherosclerosis unknown
Page: 553
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103
Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 169. Parkinson's disease may be related to deficiencies in
a. b.
dopamine serotonin
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Page: 553
170.L-dopa is a drug used primarily to treat a. Parkinson's disease b. Alzheimer's disease ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
. acetylcholine cholinesterase
. c. d.
Pick's disease Korsakoff's syndrome
Page: 553
171. Most Parkinson's patients treated with L-dopa show
a. b. c. d.
. steady improvement and eventual recovery stabilization of functioning with few further declines temporary improvement followed by gradual deterioration temporary improvement followed by rapid deterioration
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 553
172. Investigators report which of the following helps block tremors in some Parkinson patients?
a. b. c. d.
Deep brain electrical stimulation A diet high in thiamine Longer periods of sleep Heavy alcohol use
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 553
173. Huntington's disease is characterized by progressive deterioration of the
a. b.
basal ganglia reticular formation
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6
c. d.
.
hippocampus substantia nigra
Page: 553
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104
Skill: Factual 174. The basal ganglia helps to regulate
a. b.
.
short-term memory long-term memory
c. d.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
attention and concentration body movement and posture
Page: 553
175.A person is most likely to develop Huntington's disease between the ages of a. 20 and 30 c. 50 and 70 b. 30 and 45 d. 70 and 90 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 553
176. The term chorea used in Huntington’s Chorea refers to
a. b. c. d.
.
.
a characteristic bland facial expression a persistently stiff, rigid posture involuntary jerky movements an uncontrollable, steady outpouring of curse words
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 553
177. The twitches characteristic of Huntington's disease are termed
a. b.
putamen movements spastic movements
c. d.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 178. Death usually occurs within
a. b.
2-4 7-10
. choreiform movements vernacular movements
Page: 553
years of the onset of Huntington's disease. c. 15-20 d. 25-30
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 553
179. Jed suffers from involuntary jerky movements of the face, neck, limbs, and trunk. The symptoms began when
he was about 43 years of age and have grown progressively worse over the years. He also exhibits progressive Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
105
dementia with severe memory loss and unstable moods. Lately, he has begun to act paranoid and has begun talking of suicide. Jed is probably suffering from . a. Parkinson's disease c. Pick's disease b. Broca's disease d. Huntington's disease ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Applied
Page: 553
180. Folksinger Woodie Guthrie suffered from
a. b.
. c. d.
alcoholism Pick's disease
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Parkinson's disease Huntington's disease
Page: 553
181. As with many victims of Huntington’s disease, Woody Guthrie was misdiagnosed with
jerky movements. a. alcoholism b. Tourette’s syndrome ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Parkinson’s disease tardive dyskinesia
Page: 553
182. People who have one parent with Huntington's disease stand a
disease, themselves. a. 25 b. 50 ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
percent chance of contracting the
75 100
Page: 553
183.A person who inherits the defective gene responsible for causing Huntington's disease has a chance of developing the disorder. a. 25 c. 75 b. 50 d. 100 ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 553
184. Huntington’s disease is caused by
a.
because of his
. exposure to environmental toxins Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
106
percent
b. c. d.
inheriting two recessive genes from parents who carry the disease the cumulative effects of multiple strokes a single defective gene
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 553
185. Which of the following is true of dementia due to HIV disease?
a. b. c. d.
It is common in persons with HIV who have not yet developed full-blown AIDS. In advanced stages it may cause delusions, disorientation, and delirium. The dementia rarely includes apathy and social withdrawal. It is caused by a nutritional deficiency brought on by HIV-related malabsorption in the gut.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 554
186. In its later stages, dementia due to HIV disease resembles the deficits found in
a. b.
alcoholism depression
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
Page: 554
187. Common behavioral features of dementia associated with HIV disease are
a. b. c. d.
.
Alzheimer's disease Huntington's disease
.
aggression and paranoid delusions loss of language function and paranoia apathy and social withdrawal hyperactivity and verbal outbursts
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 554
188. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease is a(n)
a. b. c. d.
that results in the formation of small aluminum accumulation; neurofibrillary plaques and tangles prion disease; cavities that resemble the holes in a sponge flexible bodies disease; round disc-like calcifications vascular disease; bundles of plaque
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 554
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107
in the brain.
189. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease is a
a. b.
common; mild rare; mild
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
and
brain disease. c. common; chronic d. rare; fatal
Page: 554
190. Symptoms of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease typically become apparent in persons in the
a. b.
early 20s late 40s
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
age range.
late 50s early 80s
Page: 554
191. Death from Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease typically occurs
a. b.
within days of within weeks of
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
onset of symptoms. within months of several years after
Page: 554
192. The human form of mad-cow disease, a fatal illness spread by eating infected beef, is a variant of
a. b.
Huntington’s disease Parkinson’s disease
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual
c. d.
.
vascular dementia Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
Page: 554
193. Which of the following illnesses that produce dementia have a genetic component?
a. b.
Huntington’s disease Secondary impact syndrome
c. d.
AIDS Lead poisoning
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 555 Topic: Thinking Critically About Abnormal Psychology: The Danger Lurking Within: Would You Want to Know? Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 194. Folk singer Arlo Guthrie, whose father died of Huntington’s disease, had the opportunity to obtain genetic
testing to ascertain if he had inherited the gene that would cause this disease. What did Arlo decide, and what was the outcome? a. He had genetic testing and was found not to be genetically susceptible. b. He chose not to have genetic testing and did not develop the disease. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
108
c. d.
Genetic testing found that he was a carrier, and he was successfully treated. He chose not to have genetic testing but is now incapacitated by the disease.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 555 Topic: Thinking Critically About Abnormal Psychology: The Danger Lurking Within: Would You Want to Know? Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Applied 195.
As people age, their sharpest cognitive decline occurs on . a. long-term memory tasks c. timed tasks b. arithmetic d. vocabulary ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 554 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.7 Skill: Factual
196. Which cognitive function is typically retained best by the elderly?
a. b.
Short-term memory Performance on timed tasks
c. d.
Vocabulary Spatial ability
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 554 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.7 Skill: Factual 197. Memory for
a. b.
may be particularly reduced in the elderly. earlier events in their lives c. vocabulary names d. faces
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 554 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.7 Skill: Factual 198. What distinguishes the decline in intellectual functioning in dementia from the decline in normal aging?
a. b. c. d.
Victims of dementia have difficulty chiefly with long term memory. People with dementia have almost always suffered a stroke. The normal elderly show no memory loss. The decline in dementia victims is much more rapid and severe.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 554 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.7 Skill: Factual 199. The most commonly occurring psychological disorder among older adults is
a. b.
depression anxiety disorder
c. d.
.
hypochondriasis dissociative disorder
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109
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 556 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.7 Skill: Factual 200. What percentage of Americans over the age of 55 are estimated to have diagnosable anxiety disorders?
a. b.
1 5
c. d.
10 15
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 556 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.7 Skill: Factual 201. Which of the following is one of the less common anxiety disorders, occurring in about 1 in 100 older people?
a. b.
Panic disorder Generalized anxiety
c. d.
Phobic disorder Depression
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 556 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.7 Skill: Factual 202. The most frequently occurring anxiety disorders among older people are
a. b. c. d.
.
panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobic disorder phobic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 556 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.7 Skill: Factual 203. Helen is a 66-year-old widow who has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. Which class of
medication is most likely to be used in treating her symptoms? a. Benzodiazepines c. Mood stabilizers b. Phenothiazines d. Antidepressants ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 557 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.7 Skill: Applied 204. Although not enough to warrant a diagnosis, about one in
depression. a. two b. three ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
c. d.
older adults experience some symptoms of
five ten
Page: 557
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110
Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.8 Skill: Factual 205. Between
a. b.
percent of older adults suffer from major depressive disorder. 1 and 5 c. 20 and 25 10 and 15 d. 30 and 35
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 557 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.8 Skill: Factual 206. Among older males, suicide is most frequent among those who are
a. b.
Hispanic American Asian American
c. d.
.
White American African American
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 557 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.8 Skill: Factual 207. Suicide is most frequent among
a. b.
teenage girls teenage boys
who suffer from depression. c. older adult females d. older adult males
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 557 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.8 Skill: Factual 208. In a study of elderly African American men,
was found to be associated with poorer psychological well-
being. a. b.
financial concern marital conflict
c. d.
racism being a military veteran
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 557 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.8 Skill: Factual 209. In a study of elderly African Americans, it was found that compared to women, men experienced
institutional racism and a. less; less b. greater; less
collective racism. c. d.
less; greater greater; greater
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 557 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.8 Skill: Factual
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
111
210.A study of older Mexican Americans found that . a. those who were minimally acculturated to the United States had the highest rates of depression b. those who were highly acculturated to the United States had the highest rates of depression c. those who were bicultural had the highest rates of depression d. there were no differences in rates of depression among those minimally acculturated to the United States, highly acculturated to the United States, and those who were bicultural ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 557 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.8 Skill: Factual 211. In
, depression may result not only from coping with the illness but also from neurobiological changes in the brain caused by the illness. a. diabetes c. hypertension b. Parkinson’s disease d. atherosclerosis ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 557 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.8 Skill: Conceptual 212. Older adults who have declining physical health are at greatest risk for developing depression if they
a. b.
do not retire are stubborn and argumentative
c. d.
.
lack social support lack television and radio
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 557 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.8 Skill: Factual 213. Which of the following is known to reduce the risk of depression in older adults?
a. b. c. d.
Availability of social support Being financial well off Living alone Caring for a family member with Alzheimer’s disease
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 557 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.8 Skill: Factual 214. John is a 74-year-old retiree whose wife died two years ago. He lives alone. He has complained to his primary
care physician of numerous physical problems, sleep problems, and memory problems. Alzheimer’s disease was ruled out by a psychiatrist specializing in the elderly who probably instead primarily diagnosed John as having . a. an anxiety disorder c. amnestic disorder b. a depressive disorder d. a sleep disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 557 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 14.8 Skill: Applied 215.
The most common sleep problem faced by the elderly is . a. insomnia c. sleep apnea b. narcolepsy d. night terrors ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 558 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.9 Skill: Factual
216. Long-term use of sleep medications among the elderly can lead to
a. b.
cardiovascular problems insomnia
c. d.
.
hypertension dependence
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 558 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.9 Skill: Factual
True-False Questions 217. Neurocognitive disorders are diagnosed based on deficits in cognitive functioning that represent marked
changes in an individual’s level of functioning, reflecting brain damage or dysfunction.. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 537 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.1 Skill: Factual 218. The DSM-5 organizes disorders of cognitive functioning into three types of disorders: delirium, major
neurocognitive disorder, and mild neurocognitive disorder. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 539 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.1 Skill: Factual 219. People who suffer from neurocognitive disorders rarely become completely dependent on others to meet basic
needs in feeding, toileting, and grooming. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 539 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.1 Skill: Factual 220. Delirium involves a widespread disruption of brain activity, possibly resulting from imbalances in the levels of
certain neurotransmitters. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 540 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual 221. The prevalence of delirium is estimated at about 1% to 2% in the general community, but rises to 14% among
people over the age of 85. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 540 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual 222. People with chronic alcoholism who abruptly stop drinking may experience a form of delirium called delirium
tremens, or DTs. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 540 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual 223. Delirium tends to clear up spontaneously when the underlying medical or drug-related cause is resolved.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 541 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual 224. Dementia tends to clear up spontaneously when the underlying medical or drug-related cause is resolved.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 541 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual 225. Neurosyphilis is a form of early-stage syphilis.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 542 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual 226. In cases of neurosyphilis, the bacterium directly attacks the brain, resulting in dementia.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 542 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual
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227. General paresis once accounted for upwards of 50% of admissions to psychiatric hospitals.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 542 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual 228. The term dementia is used as a diagnostic label in the DSM-5 for describing cognitive impairments in older
adults. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 541 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual 229. Dementia that begins at age 65 or earlier is termed senile dementia.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 542 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual 230. Dementia usually occurs in people over the age of 80.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 542 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual 231. Because the risk of dementia is greater in later life, it is a normal consequence of the aging process.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 542 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual 232. Mild neurocognitive disorder is a new name for a clinical syndrome widely identified as mild cognitive
impairment (MCI). ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 542 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.4 Skill: Factual 233. Mild impairment of cognitive functioning frequently occurs in the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases
like Alzheimer’s disease. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 543 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 14.4 Skill: Factual 234. The DSM-5 makes clear mild impairment of cognitive functioning is not at all related to neurodegenerative
diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 543 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.4 Skill: Factual 235. The great majority of cases of AD occur in people over the age of 65, most typically in those in their late 70s
and 80s. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 543 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 236. Alzheimer’s is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for about 85,000 deaths
annually. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 543 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 237. As Alzheimer’s disease progresses, patients may experience hallucinations and other psychotic features.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 544 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 238. Forgetting where you put your keys is a normal occurrence; forgetting where you live is not.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 544 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 239. In 2012, new brain scanning technology became available that allows doctors to diagnose AD based on brain
scans showing plaques associated with the disease together with clinical evidence of memory loss. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 545 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 240. The early stages of AD are marked by limited memory problems and subtle personality changes. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 545 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 241. In moderately severe Alzheimer’s disease, people require little assistance in managing everyday tasks.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 545 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 242. Caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s disease tend to experience more health-related problems and higher
levels of stress hormones than do noncaregivers. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 546 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 243. People with a genetic variant called the ApoE4 gene stand a much lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s
disease. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 546 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 244. Donepezil (brand name Aricept) is a widely-used drug used to treat Alzheimer’s by increasing levels of the
neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 547 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 245. Inflammation in the brain appears to play a key role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 547 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 246. Lifestyle factors such as maintaining a regular exercise program and following a healthy diet low in animal fat
and rich in vegetables and fish can reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 547 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 247. Engaging in stimulating cognitive activities—solving puzzles, reading newspapers, playing word games, etc.—
does not help boost cognitive performance in people with mild to moderate AD. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 547 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 248.A cerebrovascular accident (CVA), occurs when part of the brain becomes damaged because of a disruption in its blood supply. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 548 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 249. Vascular neurocognitive disorder is a form of major or mild neurocognitive disorder resulting from
cerebrovascular events. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 548 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 250. Vascular dementia is the most common form of dementia.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 549 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 251. Vascular dementia affects more men than women and accounts for about one in five cases of dementia.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 549 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 252. Vascular forms of dementia generally result from multiple strokes occurring at different times that have
cumulative effects on a wide range of mental abilities. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 549 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 253. Some cognitive functions in people with vascular dementia remain relatively intact in the early course of the Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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disorder. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 549 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 254. Vascular dementia is characterized by an insidious onset and a gradual decline of mental functioning.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 549 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 255. Frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder is characterized by deterioration (thinning or shrinkage) of brain tissue
in the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 549 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 256. Frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder’s symptoms include memory loss and social inappropriateness, such as
a loss of modesty or the display of flagrant sexual behavior. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 549 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 257. Diagnosis of Pick’s disease is confirmed only upon autopsy by the absence of the neurofibrillary tangles and
plaques that are found in AD and by the presence of Pick’s bodies in nerve cells. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 549 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 258. Amnesia (memory loss) frequently follows a traumatic event, such as a blow to the head, an electric shock, or a
major surgical operation. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 550 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 259. Anterograde amnesia is a loss of memory of past events and personal information.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2
Page: 550
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Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 260. Retrograde amnesia is an inability or difficulty forming or storing new memories.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 550 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 261. As you will recall, your text discusses the case of H.M., who had retrograde amnesia caused by a surgical
procedure. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 551 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 262. Hypoxia is a blockage of the blood vessels supplying the brain.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 551 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 263. Infarction is a blockage of the blood vessels supplying the brain.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 551 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 264. People with Korsakoff’s syndrome have major gaps in their memory of past experiences and significant
difficulty learning new information. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 551 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 265. Korsakoff’s syndrome involves irreversible memory loss due to brain damage resulting from deficiency of
vitamin B1. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 551 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 266. Korsakoff’s syndrome cannot be gained by drinking too much alcohol. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 551 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 267. Wernicke’s disease is caused by abnormal protein deposits that form within the nucleus of cells in parts of the
brain. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 551 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 268. Lewy bodies are abnormal protein deposits that form within the nucleus of cells in parts of the brain, disrupting
brain processes that control memory and motor control. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 551 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 269. Neurocognitive disorder due to Lewy body dementia is the second most common form of progressive dementia.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 551 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 270. Parkinson’s disease is characterized by uncontrollable shaking or tremors, rigidity, disturbances in posture
(leaning forward), and lack of control over body movements. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 552 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 271. The form of dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease typically involves delusions and a loss of working
memory. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 552 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 272. Parkinson’s disease involves destruction of dopamine-producing nerve cells in the substantia nigra.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 552 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 273. Parkinson’s patients rarely become depressed.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 552 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 274. Parkinson’s can be cured by L-dopa controlling its symptoms and reversing its progress.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 553 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 275. Investigators report that deep brain electrical stimulation block tremors in all Parkinson patients.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 553 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 276. Huntington’s disease typically begins in the prime of adulthood, between the ages of 30 and 45.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 553 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 277. In Huntington’s disease, there is progressive deterioration of the cerebellum.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 553 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 278. Huntington’s disease is transmitted genetically from the father to male biological children.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 553 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 279.A genetic test can determine whether a person carries the defective gene that causes Huntington’s disease. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 553 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 280. People who have a parent with Huntington’s disease stand a 50% chance of inheriting the gene.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 553 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 281. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, can invade the central nervous system and
cause a minor or major neurocognitive disorder. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 554 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 282. Dementia is common in people with HIV who have not yet developed full-blown AIDS.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 554 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 283. Common behavioral features of dementia associated with HIV disease are apathy and social withdrawal.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 554 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 284. The best-known example of prion disease is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, a rare but fatal brain disease.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 554 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 285. It is normal for people in later life to experience some decline in memory functioning and general cognitive
ability, as measured by tests of intelligence, or IQ tests. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 554 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.7 Skill: Factual 286. As we age, some abilities, such as vocabulary and accumulated storage of knowledge, hold up well and may
improve over time.
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ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 554 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.7 Skill: Factual 287. The most frequently occurring anxiety disorders among older adults are panic disorder and social phobia.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 556 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.7 Skill: Factual 288. Estimates are that between 1% and 5% of older adults are currently suffering from a diagnosable major
depressive episode. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 557 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.8 Skill: Factual 289.A study of Mexican American older adults showed that those who were minimally acculturated to U.S. society had lower rates of depression than either highly acculturated or bicultural individuals. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 557 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.8 Skill: Factual 290. Social support for older adults can help buffer the effects of stress, bereavement, and illness, thereby reducing
the risk of depression. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 557 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.8 Skill: Factual 291. Despite the prevalence of depression in older people, physicians often fail to recognize it or to treat it
appropriately. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 558 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.8 Skill: Factual 292. Memory impairments that often accompany late-life depression often lift once the underlying depression is
resolved. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 558 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 14.8 Skill: Factual 293. Sleep problems are common in old age and upward of 50% of older adults report sleep problems.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 545 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.9 Skill: Factual 294. Insomnia is the second most common sleep problem affecting older adults.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 545 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.9 Skill: Factual 295. Luckily, the sleep medications used in treating late-life insomnia have minimal side effects and cannot lead to
dependence. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 545 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.9 Skill: Factual
Essay Questions 296. Discuss the nature of cognitive disorders and briefly describe the various types of neurocognitive disorders.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 537 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.1 Skill: Factual 297. What are delirium tremens? What causes this condition? How should it be dealt with medically?
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 540 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual 298. Define delirium. Discuss the causes of delirium, its course and periods of intense and less intense symptoms.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 540 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.2 Skill: Factual 299. Describe why the term dementia is no longer used as a diagnostic label in the DSM-5.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 541 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 14.3 Skill: Factual 300. Describe mild neurocognitive disorder and discuss why its inclusion in the DSM-5 is important from a treatment
standpoint. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 542 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.4 Skill: Factual 301. Discuss the genetic link associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 546 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 302. What lifestyle practices can contribute to lessening or slowing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease?
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 547 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.5 Skill: Factual 303. Discuss the similarities and differences between Alzheimer’s disease and Vascular neurocognitive disorder.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 548 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 304. Describe how regressive dementia due to traumatic brain injury is more likely to result from multiple head
traumas. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 549 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 305. Discuss the features and causes of amnesia. Differentiate between the two types of amnesia presented in the
text. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 550 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 306. Discuss the origins and features of Korsakoff's syndrome. Describe its relationship with Wernicke’s disease.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 551 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 307. What is Lewy Body Disease? Discuss its commonalities with Alzheimer’s. How does Lewy Body disease Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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affect mood? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 551 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 308. Discuss the treatments currently in use for Parkinson’s disease. How do they treat symptoms?
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 553 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 309. How is Huntington’s disease acquired? What are its features and course of the disease?
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 553 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 310. Discuss different aspects of the controversy regarding genetic testing for diseases which can lead to cognitive
impairment. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 555 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 311. What is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease? Explain the physical process of this disease and the role of the prion.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 554 Topic: Neurocognitive Disorders Learning Objective: 14.6 Skill: Factual 312. Describe the changes in intellectual functioning as a function of aging.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 554 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.7 Skill: Factual 313. What are the two most common anxiety disorders among the elderly? What are the likely sources of these
disorders? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 556 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.7 Skill: Factual 314. What physical and psychological factors can contribute to depression in the elderly? Discuss the unique
stressors that the older person deals with. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 557 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 14.8 Skill: Factual 315. Discuss the prevalence of sleep problems with the elderly. What types of psychological and psychosocial
difficulties contribute to an elderly person’s sleep problems? Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 558 Topic: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Learning Objective: 14.9 Skill: Factual
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REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS EOC Q14.1 Physical or medical conditions that affect brain functions by causing disturbances in thinking, memory, or attention and that create a marked change from a person’s prior level of functioning, are called disorders. a) b) c) d)
cerebral neurocognitive cognitive degeneration psychosomatic
Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the diagnostic features of neurocognitive disorders and identify three major types. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q14.2 Harry suffers from chronic alcoholism. When Harry goes without drinking for a day, he experiences wild and frightening hallucinations, such as “bugs crawling down walls” or on his skin. He is typically hospitalized with this condition, known as . a) b) c) d)
delirium tremens cold turkey tolerance abstinence syndrome
Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.2 Describe the key features and causes of delirium. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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EOC Q14.3 For people in a state of delirium, disorientation to a) b) c) d)
is common.
objects the identity of others time and place person
Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.2 Describe the key features and causes of delirium. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q14.4 Meredith’s dementia has left her unable to tie her shoes even though she can perfectly describe how to tie her shoes and there is nothing physically wrong with her arms or hands. This type of cognitive deficit is called . a) b) c) d)
tactasia aphasia apraxia agnosia
Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe the key features and causes of major neurocognitive disorder. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q14.5 Dementia that begins at age 65 or earlier is termed a) b) c) d)
dementia.
midlife adult-onset bio-cognitive early-onset
Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe the key features and causes of major neurocognitive disorder. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy
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EOC Q14.6 Individuals with mild cognitive impairment will disease. a) b) c) d)
go on to develop Alzheimer’s
never sometimes typically always
Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.4 Describe the key features of mild neurocognitive disorder. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q14.7 Which brain abnormalities are regarded as signs of Alzheimer’s disease? a) b) c) d)
swelling and intracranial arteriovenous malformations encephalitis and lesions plaques and neurofibrillary tangles hemorrhages and intracranial pressure
Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.5 Describe the key features and causes of Alzheimer’s disease and evaluate current treatments. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOC Q14.8 One widely used drug in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is donepezil (brand name Aricept), which increases the levels of which neurotransmitter? a) b) c) d)
acetylcholine dopamine endorphins serotonin
Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.5 Describe the key features and causes of Alzheimer’s disease and evaluate current treatments. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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EOC Q14.9 Parkinson’s disease involves destruction of dopamine-producing nerve cells in the an area of the brain that helps regulate body movement. a) b) c) d)
cerebellum substantia nigra cingulate gyrus thalamus
Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.6 Identify other subtypes of neurocognitive disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q14.10 What is the name of the type of neurocognitive disorder that results from repeated strokes? a) b) c) d)
hypoxic neurocognitive disorder vascular neurocognitive disorder cerebral neurocognitive disorder aphasic neurocognitive disorder
Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.6 Identify other subtypes of neurocognitive disorders. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q14.11 Pick’s disease most often begins in people a) b) c) d)
years of age.
15 to 30 40 to 60 60 to 80 over 80
Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.6 Identify other subtypes of neurocognitive disorders. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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,
EOC Q14.12 Mr. Song has been diagnosed with , which is a neurological disease impacting the basal ganglia that is characterized by involuntary, jerky twitches and alternating mood states. a) b) c) d)
Pick’s disease Parkinson’s disease neurosyphilis Huntington’s disease
Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.6 Identify other subtypes of neurocognitive disorders. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q14.13 In addition to antianxiety drugs, adults. a) b) c) d)
are often used to treat anxiety disorders in older
SSRI antidepressants neuroleptics anti-seizure drugs mood stabilizers
Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.7 Identify anxiety-related disorders and their treatments in older adults. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q14.14 Researchers estimate that major depressive episode. a) b) c) d)
of older adults are currently suffering from a diagnosable
fewer than 1% between 1% and 5% between 10% and 15% more than 20%
Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.8 Identify factors associated with depression in late adulthood and ways of treating it. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q14.15 The most common sleep problem affecting older adults is a) b) c) d)
.
insomnia hypnogogic hallucinations night terrors narcolepsy
Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.9 Identify factors involved in late-life insomnia and ways of treating it. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q14.1.1 Mr. Venezia’s tumor caused him to develop visual agnosia. This means that Mr. Venezia has lost the ability to _. a) b) c) d)
recognize patterns and colors see perceive shapes make sense of the world of visual objects
Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the diagnostic features of neurocognitive disorders and identify three major types. Skill Level: Difficult Difficulty: Apply EOM Q14.1.2 Martin, age 85, has hypoglycemia. He experiences difficulty concentrating, is often disoriented, and misinterprets sensory stimuli. The state of extreme mental confusion he is experiencing is known as . a) b) c) d)
dementia delusion amnesia delirium
Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.2 Describe the key features and causes of delirium. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate
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EOM Q14.1.3 General paresis is a form of neurocognitive impairment resulting from a) b) c) d)
.
neurosyphilis HIV alcoholic encephalopathy a B vitamin deficiency
Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe the key features and causes of major neurocognitive disorder. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q14.1.4 People with are able to function independently and complete tasks of daily living at home and on the job, but they need to apply more effort in completing tasks that used to come more easily. a) b) c) d)
Pick’s disease Alzheimer’s disease mild neurocognitive disorder Huntington’s disease
Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.4 Describe the key features of mild neurocognitive disorder. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q14.1.5 People with a genetic variant called the stand a much higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, compared to people without the genetic variant. a) b) c) d)
AlzGene014 ApoE4 gene SZ79 gene variant PD14
Answer: b Learning Objective: 14.5 Describe the key features and causes of Alzheimer’s disease and evaluate current treatments. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOM Q14.1.6 Researchers estimate that a) b) c) d)
of Alzheimer’s cases occur in people under the age of 65.
fewer than 1% about 5% about 10% more than 20%
Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.5 Describe the key features and causes of Alzheimer’s disease and evaluate current treatments. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q14.1.7 are abnormal protein deposits that form within the nucleus of cells in parts of the brain. The distinguishing features of the resulting disorder are the appearance of fluctuating alertness and attention, marked by frequent periods of drowsiness and staring into space. a) b) c) d)
Neurofibrillary plaques Rigid vascularity Embolisms Lewy bodies
Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.6 Identify other subtypes of neurocognitive disorders. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q14.2.1 Compared to when she was younger, Mrs. Anderson, age 83, needs more time to respond to traffic signals while driving. Researchers refer to this response as . a) b) c) d)
a reflex interval reaction time an infarction response mental awareness
Answer: b Learning Objective: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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EOM Q14.2.2 Tom, age 68, visited his doctor because he is experiencing some reduction in memory for names. Tom’s doctor will most likely tell him that this is . a) b) c) d)
not unusual for his age very unusual for his age an indicator of dementia a sign of poor health
Answer: a Learning Objective: Psychological Disorders Related to Aging Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q14.2.3 The most frequently occurring anxiety disorders among older adults are phobias and . a) b) c) d)
panic disorder acute stress reaction generalized anxiety disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder
Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.7 Identify anxiety-related disorders and their treatments in older adults. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q14.2.4 Approximately 1 in disorder, and older a) b) c) d)
adults over the age of 55 suffer from a diagnosable anxiety are more likely to suffer from anxiety than older .
3; men; women 5; women; men 5; men; women 10; women; men
Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.7 Identify anxiety-related disorders and their treatments in older adults. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Difficult
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EOM Q14.2.5 The results of a study of Mexican American older adults indicate that those who were minimally acculturated had compared to those who were highly acculturated to U.S. society. a) b) c) d)
higher rates of depression lower incidence of Alzheimer’s higher incidence of brain damage lower rates of anxiety
Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.8 Identify factors associated with depression in late adulthood and ways of treating it. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q14.2.6 Sleep problems are reported by a) b) c) d)
older adults surveyed.
very few about a third of at least half of virtually all
Answer: c Learning Objective: 14.9 Identify factors involved in late-life insomnia and ways of treating it. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q14.2.7 As an alternative to sleep medications for insomnia in older adults, produces results that are medications. a) b) c) d)
can be used and
behavioral treatment; as good as, if not better than ECT; slightly better than psychoanalytical therapy; about the same as talk therapy; much better than
Answer: a Learning Objective: 14.9 Identify factors involved in late-life insomnia and ways of treating it. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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Total Assessment Guide Topic Learning Objective Introduction
Multiple Choice True-False
Learning Objective 15.1
Learning Objective 15.2
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 15.3
Essay Multiple Choice True-False
Learning Objective 15.4
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 15.5
Essay Multiple Choice
True-False
Learning Objective 15.6
Learning Objective 15.7
Essay Multiple Choice True-False Essay Multiple Choice True-False
Factual 1, 2, 3
Conceptual
Applied
22, 23
21
42, 43, 46
168, 169 45
171
170, 172
108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 167 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142 173 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 89, 92, 93 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 176, 177 94, 95, 96, 97, 98
174, 175 67, 76, 77, 87, 88, 90, 91
178, 180
179
156, 157, 158 181 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166
Essay
99
182
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139
15 Abnormal Psychology and the Law Multiple-Choice Questions 1. a. b.
attempted to assassinate Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords. John Hinckley c. James Earl Ray Jared Loughner d. Theodore Bundy
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual 2.
Appearing before a U.S. district court, Jared Loughner was found to be . a. clinically depressed c. competent to stand trial b. suffering from schizophrenia d. incompetent to stand trial ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
3.
Page: 563
The formal determination of Jared Loughner’s mental status at the time of the shooting he committed was . a. never determined because he later pled guilty to the charges b. severe depression with psychotic features c. paranoid schizophrenia d. brief psychotic disorder ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): M2 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: Introduction Skill: Factual
4.
Page: 562
Page: 563
People who are placed in psychiatric institutions because they show abnormal behaviors and are deemed to be a threat to themselves or others are committed through a process of commitment. a. voluntary c. criminal b. institutional d. civil ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 563 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
140
Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual 5.
Psychiatric commitment is the same as a. voluntary b. institutional
commitment. c. criminal d. civil
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 563 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual 6.
The legal process of placing a person in a mental institution, even against his or her will, is known as commitment. a. civil c. criminal b. voluntary d. institutional ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 563 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual
7.
When an individual seeks admission to a mental hospital for treatment of his or her own volition, it is known as hospitalization. a. civil c. criminal b. voluntary d. institutional ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 564 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual
8.
Someone who is in a mental hospital because of a. civil commitment c. b. voluntary hospitalization d.
can leave the hospital whenever she or he desires. criminal commitment any type of commitment or hospitalization
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 564 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual 9.
People who are placed in psychiatric institutions because they were acquitted of a crime by reason of insanity are committed through a process of commitment. a. voluntary c. criminal b. institutional d. civil ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 564 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual
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141
10. The legal process of confining a person found not guilty by reason of insanity in a mental institution is called . a. social commitment c. civil commitment b. criminal commitment d. institutional commitment ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 564 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual 11. People must be judged to be psychiatrically (civilly) committed. a. unable to care for their own needs b. mentally ill, but not necessarily dangerous c. dangerous to themselves or others but not necessarily mentally ill d. mentally ill and dangerous to themselves or others ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 564 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual 12. The Supreme Court ruled in Addington v. Texas that individuals can be hospitalized involuntarily if they are . a. mentally ill and dangerous to others b. mentally ill and dangerous to themselves c. mentally ill and dangerous to themselves or others d. dangerous to themselves or others ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 564 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual 13. It was not until that the United States Supreme Court ruled that persons must be judged both "mentally ill" and a clear and present danger to themselves or others before they may be involuntarily hospitalized. a. 1919 c. 1959 b. 1939 d. 1979 ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 564 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual 14. The court case in which the court found that individuals must be judged to be both mentally ill and to present a clear and present danger to themselves or others to be involuntarily hospitalized was . a. Youngberg v. Romeo c. Wyatt v. Stickney b. O'Connor v. Donaldson d. Addington v. Texas ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 564 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Skill: Factual 15. One of the most vocal and persistent critics of civil commitment statutes has been a. Hans Eysenck c. Egas Moniz b. Fritz Perls d. Thomas Szasz
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 565 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual 16. Thomas Szasz, whom the text describes as stridently opposed to the entire concept of civil commitment, was a . a. clinical psychologist c. social worker b. psychiatrist d. attorney ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 565 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual 17. Mental health professionals tend to a. refuse to predict b. underpredict
dangerousness in mental health patients. c. accurately predict d. overpredict
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 567 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 18. Which statement is true about the prediction of dangerousness by mental health professionals? a. Psychological assessment allows clinician to be very accurate in their predictions of dangerousness. b. They tend to underpredict dangerousness. c. They err on the side of caution in predicting dangerousness. d. They tend to not label individuals as dangerous when they are dangerous. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 567 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 19. Both the American Psychological Association and the American Psychiatric Association have gone on record stating that can reliably predict violence among those they treat. a. neither psychologists nor psychiatrists b. psychologists, but not psychiatrists c. psychiatrists, but not psychologists d. both psychologists and psychiatrists ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 567 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 20. Clinical predictions of dangerousness are generally less accurate than . a. relatives’ predictions b. a layperson’s predictions based on evidence of past violent behavior c. police predictions based on observation d. neighbors’ predictions based on interactions ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 567 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 21. Margot, a college senior who majors in criminology, fancies herself as skilled in predicting dangerousness when she reads case histories of teenage thieves. Which piece of information would be most instrumental in enhancing Margot’s accuracy in predicting violence? a. Victimized by sexual abuse as a child c. Engaged in past violence b. No father in the home d. Degree of introversion ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 567 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Applied 22. Which of the following statements is true? a. Past violent behavior may not be the best predictor of future violent behavior. b. Clinicians, because of their specialized training, possess a special knowledge and ability for predicting violence that goes far beyond that of the average person. c. Hospital staff are always permitted access to criminal records that would reveal past violent behavior. d. Some critics believe that “dangerousness” should be dropped as a criterion for civil commitment. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 567 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Conceptual 23. Which of the following is a factor cited to account for the inability of professionals to predict dangerousness? a. Recognizing violent tendencies after a violent incident is easier than predicting it beforehand. b. Violent acts like murder and assault are so common that it is difficult to sort out who will and who won’t commit such acts. c. There is consistency among experts for defining the criteria for violent or dangerous behavior. d. Generalized perceptions of violent tendencies often predict specific acts of violence. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 567 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Conceptual 24. The “base-rate problem” refers to . a. the large number of people with potentially dangerous mental health problems Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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b. c. d.
the shortage of trained professionals to thoroughly evaluate people with serious mental health problems the shortage or properly equipped facilities to treat people with serious mental health problems the relative difficulty of making predictions of infrequent or rare events
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 568 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 25. Predictions of dangerousness based on clinical judgments of psychologists and psychiatrists . a. are less accurate than predictions based on chance alone b. are no more accurate than predictions based on chance alone c. are more accurate than predictions based on chance alone, but less accurate than evidence based on evidence of past violent behavior d. are more accurate than predictions based on chance alone or evidence of past violent behavior ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 568 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 26. Incorrectly failing to predict the occurrence of a problematic behavior is known as a(n) a. inherent negative bias c. false negative b. inherent positive bias d. false positive
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 568 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 27. Incorrectly predicting the occurrence of a problematic behavior is known as a(n) a. inherent negative bias c. false negative b. inherent positive bias d. false positive
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 568 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 28. In predicting dangerousness, clinicians tend to have an excess of a. true positives c. false positives b. true negatives d. false negatives
.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 568 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 29. In psychotherapy, threats of violence are likely to be a. directed at the therapist
.
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b. c. d.
clear and specific directed at a member of the patient’s family vague and nonspecific
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 568 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 30. Which of the following types of threats is the MOST reliable indicator of dangerousness? a. A vague, indirect threat c. A vague, direct threat b. A specific, indirect threat d. A specific, direct threat ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 568 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 31. When a potentially violent patient is being released from the hospital, what is considered the best predictor of future violence? a. Quality of behavioral control in the hospital community b. Quality of behavioral control when the patient lived in the general community c. Quality and quantity of the patient’s individual psychotherapy while hospitalized d. Quality and quantity of the patient’s group psychotherapy while hospitalized ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 568 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 32. The case of Larry Hogue involves . a. the difficulties in trying to predict dangerousness b. the political problems involved in the "duty to warn" c. how to balance the rights of the individual with the rights of society d. how to evaluate one's competency to stand trial ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 565 Topic: Thinking Critically about Abnormal Psychology: What Should We Do About the “Wild Man of West 96th Street”? Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 33. The likelihood of violence in people with serious psychiatric problems is increased by a. lengthy hospitalization c. substance abuse b. financial problems d. extent of I.Q. over 100 ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 569 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual
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.
34. A mental health professional should be particularly alarmed about potential violence if a schizophrenic person reports experiencing . a. command hallucinations c. delusions of grandeur b. auditory hallucinations d. delusions of persecution ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 569 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 35. The confidentiality of a client’s communication to a psychotherapist is a. absolute b. only breached when the therapist has a duty to warn c. the therapist’s privilege to handle at his or her discretion d. limited by certain conditions
.
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 570 Topic: A Closer Look: The Duty to Warn Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Factual 36. The case that established the legal basis for a therapist’s duty to warn was the a. Jones case c. Durham case b. Tarasoff case d. M’Naghten case
.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 570 Topic: A Closer Look: The Duty to Warn Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Factual 37. The Tarasoff ruling occurred in a. 1966 b. 1976
. c. d.
1986 1996
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 570 Topic: A Closer Look: The Duty to Warn Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Factual 38. The Tarasoff ruling was made by a. the U.S. Supreme Court b. a Texas court
. c. d.
the California Supreme court the North Carolina Supreme court
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 570 Topic: A Closer Look: The Duty to Warn Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Factual 39. In the Tarasoff case, Poddar’s therapist . a. ignored his threat to kill Tatiana Tarasoff b. informed the campus police that he was dangerous Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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c. d.
informed Tatiana Tarasoff’s parents that he wanted to kill their daughter informed only his colleagues of his concern about his dangerousness
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 570 Topic: A Closer Look: The Duty to Warn Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Factual 40. The outcome of Poddar’s criminal trial was that he . a. served a sentence for manslaughter and returned to India b. was convicted of murder and is serving a life sentence c. was convicted of murder and was executed d. was acquitted by reason of insanity ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 571 Topic: A Closer Look: The Duty to Warn Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Factual 41. In the Tarasoff case, the court ruled that a therapist . a. has a duty to warn an intended victim if during therapy a client makes statements indicating that he or she poses a serious threat to that potential victim b. has a duty to contact police if during therapy a client makes statements indicating that he or she is a threat to the health and safety of others c. cannot disclose confidential statements made during therapy sessions, even to warn someone of a threat against them, unless the client has a previous history of violence towards others d. cannot disclose confidential statements made during therapy sessions, even to warn someone of a threat against them ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 571 Topic: A Closer Look: The Duty to Warn Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Factual 42. The Tarasoff ruling places the therapist’s duty to warn in direct conflict with . a. the duty to heal c. principles of competency to stand trial b. principles of confidentiality d. judgments of legal sanity or insanity ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 570 Topic: A Closer Look: The Duty to Warn Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Conceptual 43. Which of the following is a reason why the Tarasoff decision may increase the risk of violence? a. Clients may be less willing to confide in their therapists and therefore have built up feelings of anger and resentment that may be discharged more readily into the community. b. Clients may be more likely to act out their violent impulses on therapists rather than on the original intended victims. c. Potentially violent people may be less likely to enter therapy. d. Therapists are more likely to decline the referral of any client dealing with a romantic break-up or conflicted relationships.
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ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 571 Topic: A Closer Look: The Duty to Warn Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Conceptual 44. The Tarasoff ruling recognized that the rights of the . a. psychotherapy client are as important as those of the intended victim b. psychotherapy client are already specified in state and national laws c. intended victim outweigh the rights of confidentiality d. intended victim cannot impact the sanctity of the psychotherapy session ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 571 Topic: A Closer Look: The Duty to Warn Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Factual 45. During the middle of a psychotherapy appointment, Jason confesses to Dr. Hill that he is going to kill his girlfriend because she is talking about breaking up. “If I can’t have her, nobody can have her,” Jason angrily stated. According to , Dr. Hill must . a. Wyatt v. Stickney; honor his agreement of confidentiality with Jason b. Tarasoff v. Regents of the Regents of the University of California; honor his agreement of confidentiality with Jason c. Wyatt v. Stickney; warn Jason’s girlfriend about the threat to her life d. Tarasoff v. Regents of the Regents of the University of California; warn Jason’s girlfriend about the threat to her life ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 570 Topic: A Closer Look: The Duty to Warn Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Applied 46. Aside from threat of violence, another murky area where therapists must balance confidentiality with duty to warn obligations is in treating people who . a. are unfaithful to their spouses b. have committed crimes like burglary or drug sales c. have disclosed issues about sexual harassment to the therapist d. have not disclosed that they are HIV-positive to their partners ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 570 Topic: A Closer Look: The Duty to Warn Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Conceptual 47. Which classic movie featured abuses in the mental health system? a. Come Back Little Sheba c. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest b. Mr. Roberts d. Ship of Fools ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 571 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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48. The federal court case of a. Marbury v. Madison b. Lamson v. Alabama
established a minimum standard of care in psychiatric hospitals. c. O’Connor v. Donaldson d. Wyatt v. Stickney
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 571 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 49. Ricky Wyatt, the lead plaintiff in Wyatt v. Stickney, had . a. schizophrenic c. an intellectual disability b. manic depressive d. sociopathic ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 571 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 50. In the case that established minimum standards of care for mental patients, the federal court required that mental hospitals must provide which of the following? a. Restitution to patients who had been previously mistreated. b. A humane psychological and physical environment. c. The right for the patient to use her own bedding and to decorate the room she is residing in. d. Choice in terms of when the patient wants to eat and the types of available foods. ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 572 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 51. In O’Connor v. Donaldson, Kenneth Donaldson had originally been committed to a psychiatric hospital by . a. the police c. his brother b. his son d. his father ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 572 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 52. In O’Connor v. Donaldson, Kenneth Donaldson had lived in a state psychiatric hospital for needing or obtaining treatment before his lawsuit. a. 5 years c. 14 years b. 9 years d. 19 years ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 572 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual
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without
53. The case of established certain patient rights, including the right not to be required to perform work that is for the sake of maintaining the facility. a. Addington v. Texas c. Wyatt v. Stickney b. O’Connor v. Donaldson d. Tarasoff v. Regents of UC ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 572 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 54. The court case in which the court decided that “mental illness [alone] cannot justify a State’s locking a person up against his will and keeping him indefinitely in simple custodial confinement” was . a. Youngberg v. Romeo c. Wyatt v. Stickney b. O’Connor v. Donaldson d. Addington v. Texas ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 572 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 55. Which of the following is listed in the “Patient’s Bill of Rights” established by the federal court? a. Patients have a right to suitable opportunities to interact with the opposite gender. b. Patients have a right to bring their own bed linens and furniture to the hospital setting. c. Patients have a right to refuse any treatment which they find objectionable. d. Patients have a right to regular exercise and to spend time in the community at their leisure. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 572 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 56. Which of the following is listed in the “Patient’s Bill of Rights” established by the federal court? a. Patients have the right to community entertainment such as shopping, movies, and cultural events. b. Patients shall never be kept in restraints or isolation. c. Patients have a right to visitation and telephone privileges. d. Patients shall not be expected to participate in their treatment plan. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 572 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 57. When Kenneth Donaldson sued a Florida state mental hospital for failing to provide treatment for him during 14 years of confinement, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the state has . a. a right to involuntarily confine a person for mental illness even if that person poses no danger and could safely survive in the community b. a right to involuntarily confine a person in a mental hospital if the person is dangerous, even if that person is not mentally ill c. no right to involuntarily confine a person who is dangerous unless the person is proven to be mentally ill d. no right to confine a person for mental illness unless that person poses a clear and present danger or cannot safely survive in freedom Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 572 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 58. The case of a man with a profound intellectual disability who was kept in restraints in a Pennsylvania state hospital because he kept injuring himself was . a. Youngberg v. Romeo c. Wyatt v. Stickney b. O'Connor v. Donaldson d. Addington v. Texas ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 573 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 59. The court case in which the court ruled that patients have a right to training to help them function free of restraints, but only when that training can be provided in reasonable safety, is . a. Youngberg v. Romeo c. Wyatt v. Stickney b. O’Connor v. Donaldson d. Addington v. Texas ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 573 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 60. The U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in second guess mental health professionals. a. Rogers v. Orkin b. Addington v. Texas
included an opinion that judges and juries should not ordinarily c. d.
O’Connor v. Donaldson Youngberg v. Romeo
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 573 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 61. In a 1979 Massachusetts court case, the court ruled that hospitalized mental patients have . a. a right to refuse medication in any situation b. a right to refuse medication except when it is an emergency in which the patients' behavior poses physical risks to themselves or others c. a right to refuse only medications deemed by the court to be "high-risk" medications d. no right to refuse medications that their caregivers deem a necessary and appropriate part of treatment ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 574 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 62. The court case in which the court ruled that committed patients cannot be forcefully medicated except in emergency situations is . Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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a. b.
Rogers v. Okin O'Connor v. Donaldson
c. d.
Wyatt v. Stickney Addington v. Texas
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 574 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 63. In the 1979 case of Rogers v. Okin, the court ruled that has a right to exercise bad judgment within certain broad limits. a. neither a patient with a mental illness nor one without a mental illness b. a patient with a mental illness, but not a patient without a mental illness c. a patient without a mental illness, but not a patient with a mental illness d. a patient with or without a mental illness ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 574 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 64. Legal protections ensuring patients’ rights to refuse psychiatric treatments appear to have had mental-health services or the people receiving these services. a. few damaging or disruptive effects b. few disruptive effects, although there have been some seriously damaging effects c. few damaging effects, although there have been some seriously disruptive effects d. serious long-term damaging and disruptive effects
on
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 574 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 65. About a. b.
10 20
percent of patients refuse medication. c. 30 d. 40
ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 574 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 66. a. b.
of patient refusals to take medication are overridden by the courts. Very few c. None All d. The great majority
ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 574 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 67. In the Hinckley case, the prosecutor was burdened to demonstrate beyond a reasonable doubt that Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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.
a. b. c. d.
the concept of insanity has never been adequately proven and should not factor into the verdict Hinckley did not have capacity to control his behavior and appreciate its wrongfulness. Hinckley had the capacity to control his behavior and appreciate its wrongfulness. Hinckley had never exhibited any psychological problems before the assassination attempt and therefore his attempt had malevolent intentions.
ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Conceptual
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68. John Hinckley’s trial for attempting to assassinate President Reagan resulted in a decision that Hinckley was . a. guilty and sentenced to life in prison b. guilty and sentenced to 10 years in prison c. guilty and sentenced to 25 years in prison d. not guilty by reason of insanity ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 574
69. The public perception of the insanity plea is that it is a. rarely used; rarely c. b. widely used; rarely d. ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual 70. The insanity defense is used in a. less than 1 b. about 2 ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
and successful. rarely used; highly widely used; highly
Page: 575
percent of all felony cases. c. about 4 d. about 8
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71. The public the proportion of defendants acquitted based on insanity and hospitalization of those who are confined. a. underestimates; underestimates c. overestimates; underestimates b. underestimates; overestimates d. overestimates; overestimates ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
the length of
Page: 575
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72. People acquitted by reason of insanity . a. must go to prison as soon as they are cleared by a psychiatric hospital b. are often confined to mental hospitals for longer periods than they would have spent in prison c. usually have tricked the jury d. are underestimated in frequency by the public ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 575
73. As an aftermath of the Hinckley verdict, many states changed their statute to . a. eliminate the insanity defense b. limit the insanity defense to cases of schizophrenia and profound mental retardation c. place greater burden of proof on the defense d. place greater burden of proof on the prosecution. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
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74. A person receiving a “guilty but mentally ill” verdict in a criminal trial will receive . a. jail time but no extra treatment for mental illness b. hospitalization in lieu of jail time c. hospitalization until cured, and will then serve the remainder of their sentence in jail d. imprisonment, but will receive treatment for their illness while serving their sentence ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 575
75. The “guilty but mentally ill” verdict was a reaction to . a. the Tarasoff decision c. John Hinckley’s acquittal b. the trial of James Earl Ray d. Andrea Watts’s conviction ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 575
76. Overall, the guilty but mentally ill verdict . a. has proven to be completely unworkable and is likely to be eliminated in most states at some point in the near future b. is a social experiment that has failed to prove its usefulness c. is viewed as a major step forward in helping juries and judges find an appropriate sentence in cases in which the insanity plea is used d. has proven to be a panacea, virtually eliminating most problems associated with the use of the insanity defense ANSWER: B Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 576
77. Society has long held to the doctrine of a. informed consent b. let the buyer beware ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Conceptual 78. In modern law, there is (are) a. one b. three ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
as a basis for determining responsibility for wrongdoing. c. free will d. social duty
Page: 576
major court ruling(s) that bear on the insanity defense. c. five d. seven
Page: 576
79. Which of the following is a major case that bears on the insanity defense? a. The 1975 O’Connor v. Donaldson case c. The 1976 Tarasoff ruling b. The 1982 Youngberg v. Romeo case d. The 1954 Durham v. United States case ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 576
80. In an 1834 Ohio case, the court ruled that . a. patients have the right to refuse medication under certain conditions b. people do not bear criminal responsibility for their acts if they are unable to tell right from wrong c. people cannot be held responsible if they are compelled to commit criminal actions because of impulses they are unable to resist d. people cannot be hospitalized against their will unless they present a clear and present danger to themselves or others ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 576
81. In 1843, Daniel M’Naghten intended to assassinate the prime minister of England, a. Benjamin Disraeli c. Sir Randolph Churchill b. Sir Robert Peel d. William Gladstone ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense
Page: 576
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.
Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual 82. Daniel M’Naghten killed . a. the prime minister of England b. a policeman ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
c. d.
the Archbishop of Canterbury a secretary
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83. In the trial of Daniel M’Naghten, he claimed that he wanted to kill the prime minister because a. of the devastating effects of British imperialism b. the prime minister was having an affair with M’Naghten’s wife c. the voice of God told him to kill the prime minister d. he lost his job and blamed the prime minister ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
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84. The M’Naghten rule holds that a person does not bear criminal responsibility for an act when a. the act was driven by impulses the person was unable to resist b. the act was the product of mental disease or mental defect c. under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of the offense d. the person was unable to tell right from wrong ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
.
.
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85. The court case in which the court ruled that a jury must decide not only if a person was mentally ill, but if the mental illness was the cause of the person’s criminal behavior was . a. Youngberg v. Romeo c. Durham v. United States b. O'Connor v. Donaldson d. Addington v. Texas ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
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86. The effect of the Durham case was to compel juries to have to decide if act. a. a person was driven by irresistible urges b. a mental illness was the cause of a person’s behavior c. a person was under the influence of drugs or alcohol d. a person was unable to tell right from wrong
when committing a criminal
ANSWER: B Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 576
87. The intent of the Durham case was to . a. set a precedent for allowing the insanity defense in North Carolina b. recognize a “guilty but mentally ill” defense c. reject the irresistible impulse and “right–wrong” principles as outmoded d. allow psychiatrists and psychologists to offer expert testimony in criminal cases ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Conceptual
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88. The Durham rule became unworkable for which of the following reasons? a. Juries could not determine at what point “irresistible” impulses became irresistible. b. A lack of precise definitions of such terms as “irresistible impulse” made it difficult for juries to interpret the law. c. It proved difficult for juries to draw conclusions as to whether a person’s “disease” had caused his or her criminal behavior. d. It has forced jury selections to focus only on potential jurors who have had extensive coursework in psychology. ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Conceptual
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89. By 1972, the Durham rule was replaced in many jurisdictions by a. the M’Naghten rule b. the American Law Institute guidelines c. the social responsibility principle d. Jones rule ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
.
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90. The key phrase added by the American Law Institute related to the insanity defense is a. “irresistible impulse” c. “incompetent to stand trial” b. “guilty but mentally ill” d. “substantial capacity” ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Conceptual
.
Page: 577
91. In dealing with the insanity defense, jurors must cope with which of the following challenges? a. Limiting media bias by avoiding national and local news during the course of the trial. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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b. c. d.
Deciding if the defendant was mentally incapacitated at the time of the crime. Ascertaining whether the M’Naghten standard or the Durham standard should apply. Determining if the client understands if his or her acts were wrong.
ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 577
92. Which of the following is an argument of Thomas Szasz in relationship to the insanity defense? a. It directs attention away from the social ills that may motivate crimes. b. The insanity defense allows real criminals to fake their way into mental hospitals where they are not effectively punished for their actions. c. All people who break criminal laws should be evaluated for the presence of mental illness. d. The insanity defense serves to protect the lives of the mentally ill. ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
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93. Thomas Szasz argues that the insanity defense has historically been invoked to . a. highlight crimes that were particularly heinous or committed against those of high social rank b. protect those of high social rank from prosecution for the crimes they have committed c. provide a platform for politicians to "grandstand" over issues that have previously been ignored by the public d. confirm stereotypes that the rich and famous are eccentrics who are not like the rest of us ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
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94. Michael Jones, the subject of Jones v. the United States, was acquitted of a. rape c. kidnapping b. murder d. petty larceny ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.6 Skill: Factual
by reason of insanity.
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95. Michael Jones, the subject of Jones v. the United States, was diagnosed with . a. bipolar disorder c. profound mental retardation b. paranoid schizophrenia d. antisocial personality disorder ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 578
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96. In the Jones case, the United States Supreme Court ruled that . a. persons found to be insane cannot be institutionalized for periods longer than the jail sentence they would have received if found guilty for the offense of which they were accused b. there is a necessary correlation between the severity of a criminal offense and the amount of time in which a person found to be insane can be institutionalized because of that offense c. persons found to be insane must go to jail if they are "cured" and released from a mental institution in a period that is shorter than the sentence they would have received if found guilty of the offense for which they were accused d. there is no correlation between the severity of a criminal offense and the amount of time for which a person found to be insane can be institutionalized because of that offense ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 579
97. In the Jones case, the United States Supreme Court ruled that a person found “not guilty by reason of insanity” can be institutionalized . a. only until they are “well"” enough to serve the remainder of their sentence in jail b. only for a period of time equal to the amount of time they would have spent in jail if found “guilty” for the offense c. only for a period of time up to twice the amount of time they would have spent in jail if found “guilty” for the offense d. indefinitely, until such time that the person has regained legal sanity or is no longer a danger to society ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.6 Skill: Factual
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98. Court rulings have established that criminal defendants who are found not guilty by reason of insanity and committed to a mental hospital may than the time they would have served in jail had they been convicted of the crime. a. not be released sooner or later c. be released later, but not sooner b. be released sooner, but not later d. be released sooner or later ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 579
99. A defendant who is unable to understand the charges and proceedings brought against him or her in a criminal action is said to be . a. incoherent c. guilty but mentally ill b. incompetent to stand trial d. not guilty by reason of insanity ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Conceptual 100. In the case of
Page: 579
, the United State Supreme Court ruled that a person cannot be kept in a mental hospital Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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awaiting trial longer that it would take to determine if treatment was likely to restore competency. a. Cummings v. Arkansas c. Jackson v. Indiana b. Lindsay v. Maryland d. Royal v. Ohio ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Factual
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101. If a person is ruled unlikely to ever develop adequate competency to stand trial in a criminal case, that person must . a. go to trial and plead “not guilty by reason of insanity” b. be released from confinement c. either be released from confinement or committed to a mental institution under the civil commitment procedures d. either be released from confinement or committed to a mental institution under the criminal commitment procedures ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 580
102. Under the Jackson standard, some states have imposed a minimum length of treatment before acknowledging that a defendant . a. should be released back to the public b. is competent to stand trial c. is permanently incompetent d. needs an evaluation by a mental health professional who is not a state employee ANSWER: C Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 580
103. In the 1992 Medina case, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the burden of proof for determining competence to stand trial lies with the . a. defendant c. court-appointed expert b. prosecution d. jury ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Factual
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104. In the case of , the United States Supreme Court ruled that the burden of proof in determining competency lies with the defendant. a. Walters v. Indiana c. Lawrence v. Rhode Island b. Washington v. Oregon d. Medina v. California ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
Page: 580
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Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Factual 105. In Sell v. United States, the United States Supreme Court ruled that . a. competency to stand trial would be based on the results of a structured behavior interview scale b. a panel of three court-appointed psychiatrists who would not serve as expert witness in the case would advise the judge on competency issues c. incompetence to stand trial would be limited to mentally retarded citizens d. a defendant could be involuntarily medicated to restore competency to stand trial ANSWER: D Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 580
106. In the case of , the United States Supreme Court ruled that mentally ill defendants could sometimes be forcibly medicated to render them competent. a. Sell v. United States c. Diaz v. United States b. Brown v. United States d. Shetrone v. United States ANSWER: A Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Factual
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107. The Sell decision may result in . a. increased use of the incompetency defense b. people coming to trial whose trials had been delayed by incompetency issues c. less use of expert witnesses in determining competency d. treatment in private rather than public psychiatric hospitals for those who have been declared incompetent ANSWER: B Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Factual
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True-False Questions 108. Civil commitment is identical to voluntary hospitalization. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 563 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual 109. Civil commitment is also called psychiatric commitment. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1
Page: 563
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Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual 110. People can be psychiatrically committed because they are eccentric. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 564 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual 111. Szasz argues that the label of mental illness is a societal invention which transforms social deviance into medical illness. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 565 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual 112. People can be committed to psychiatric facilities because of odd behavior. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 564 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual 113. Addington v. Texas found in order for individuals to be hospitalized involuntarily, they must be judged both to be mentally ill and to present a clear and present danger to themselves or others. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 564 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual 114. The United States is the only country that permits involuntary psychiatric hospitalization. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 565 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual 115. Clinicians tend to overpredict the dangerousness of their clients. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 567 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 116. Psychologists and other mental-health professionals are quite accurate when it comes to predicting dangerousness of the people they treat. Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 567 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 117. Classification within a diagnostic category that is associated with aggressive or dangerous behavior, such as antisocial personality, is sufficient for predicting specific violent acts in individuals. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 567 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 118. Psychologists and other mental health professionals can rely on their clinical judgment to accurately predict the dangerousness of their patients. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 567 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 119. Predictions of dangerousness based on hospital behavior tend to generalize to community settings. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 568 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 120. Short-term predictions of violence are more accurate than longer term predictions. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 569 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 121. The potential for violence is heightened in people with serious psychiatric disorders when they abuse alcohol or other drugs. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 569 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 122. Certain symptoms are associated with a greater risk of violence among schizophrenia patients—symptoms such as delusions of persecution and antisocial behavior. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 569 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 123. Fewer than 10% of violent crimes are linked to psychological disorders. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 569 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Factual 124.A 1976 court ruling in California in Tarasoff v. the Regents of the University of California established the legal basis for the therapist’s duty to war. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 570 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Factual 125. The Tarasoff ruling only applies to the citizens of Texas.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 570 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Factual 126. Information provided to a therapist by a client is protected by rules of absolute confidentiality.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 570 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Factual 127. Therapists are not obligated by state laws to breach confidentiality, even to warn intended victims of threats of
violence made against them by their clients. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 571 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Factual 128. The courts have ruled that the rights of an intended victim are outweighed by a client’s rights to confidentiality.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 571 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Factual 129. Therapists may not disclose confidential information about clients to third parties, even when their clients
threaten violence to the third parties.
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ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 571 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Factual 130. The state has an obligation to provide adequate treatment for people who are involuntarily confined to its
psychiatric hospitals. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 571 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 131. According to a precedent-setting legal case in Alabama, patients in mental hospitals may be required to perform
general housekeeping duties for the purpose of maintaining the facility. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 572 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 132. Unless there is danger or inappropriateness to a treatment program, psychiatric hospital patients have a right to
wear their own clothes rather than uniforms. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 572 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 133. The state has the right to indefinitely confine people who are mentally ill even if they pose no immediate danger
to themselves or others and can live safely on their own. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 572 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 134. Involuntarily admitted patients in mental hospitals have always had the right to refuse medications.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 572 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 135. Court rulings have established that hospitalized mental patients do not have the right to refuse medication.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 572 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Skill: Factual 136. One of the Patient’s Bill of Rights is no more than six patients shall be housed in a room, and screens or
curtains must be provided to afford a sense of privacy. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 572 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 137. One of the Patient’s Bill of Rights is patients have rights to humane and decent living conditions.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 572 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 138. One of the Patient’s Bill of Rights is patients have rights to regular exercise and to opportunities to spend time
outdoors. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 572 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 139. One of the Patient’s Bill of Rights is patients have rights to Internet and cable access 24 hours per day.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 572 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 140. In most cases where patients refuse treatment, the courts have sided with the patients during the review process.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 574 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 141. The right of committed patients to refuse psychotropic medications was tested in a 1979 case, Rogers v. Oki.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 574 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 142. In practice, relatively few patients—perhaps only about 25%—refuse medication.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
Page: 574
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Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 143. In the Hinckley case, the prosecution had to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Hinckley was sane, once he
used the insanity defense. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 574
144. An attempt to assassinate the president of the United States was seen by millions of television viewers, but the
would-be assassin was found not guilty by a court of law. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 574
145. In the aftermath of the Hinckley verdict, many states have changed their statutes to shift the burden of proof
onto the prosecution to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that a defendant claiming insanity is sane. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 575
146. The insanity defense is used in many cases, and usually successfully.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 575
147. In states that have adopted it, the "guilty but mentally ill" verdict has substantially reduced the number of "not
guilty by reason of insanity" verdicts. ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 575
148. The insanity defense has a long legal history.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 576
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149. Three major modern court rulings bear on the insanity defense.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 576
150. The M’Naghten rule holds that people do not bear criminal responsibility if, by reason of a mental disease or
defect, they either have no knowledge of their actions or are unable to tell right from wrong. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 576
151. The Durham ruling on insanity is the cornerstone of modern guidelines regarding use of the insanity defense.
ANSWER: F Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 576
152. The intent of the Durham rule was to reject as outmoded the two earlier standards of legal insanity: the
irresistible impulse rule and the right–wrong principle. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 576
153. The Durham ruling has proven to be unworkable.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 577
154. Repeated criminal behavior is not sufficient, by itself, to establish a mental disease or defect that might relieve
an individual of criminal responsibility. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 577
155. Few people with psychotic features commit violent crimes, and even fewer commit murder.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense
Page: 578
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Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual 156. The Supreme Court of the United States has ruled that persons acquitted of crimes by reason of insanity
constitute a special class who should be treated differently from civilly committed individuals. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 579
157. People who are found not guilty of a crime by reason of insanity may remain confined to a mental hospital
indefinitely—for many years longer than they would have been sentenced to prison, if they had been found guilty. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 579
158. Customary sentences that the law provides for crimes have no bearing on criminal commitment.
ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.6 Skill: Factual
Page: 579
159.A defendant can be held competent to stand trial but still be judged not guilty of a crime by reason of insanity. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 579
160.The insanity defense places special burdens on juries. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 579
161.A 1992 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court, in the case of Medina v. California, held that the burden of proof for determining competency to stand trial lies with the defendant, not the state. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 580
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162. In 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court held in the case of Sell v. United States that mentally ill defendants could be
forcibly medicated to render them competent to stand trial. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 580
163. There is a basic rule of law that says that those who stand accused of crimes must be able to understand the
charges and proceedings brought against them and be able to participate in their own defense. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 579
164. It is possible for a defendant to be held competent to stand trial but still be judged not guilty of a crime by
reason of insanity. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 579
165. More people are confined to mental institutions for being incompetent to stand trial than for being found not
guilty by reason of insanity. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 579
166. In the case of Jackson v. Indiana, it was determined a person cannot be kept in a mental hospital awaiting trial
longer than it would take to determine whether treatment was likely to restore competency. ANSWER: T Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Factual
Page: 580
Essay Questions 167. Compare the various types of commitment and hospitalization. Explain why some people are critical of the
entire psychiatric hospitalization process and system. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 563 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.1 Skill: Factual
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168. Summarize the research concerning the problems of psychologists and other professionals who are given the
task of attempting to predict dangerousness. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 566 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Applied 169. List and describe at least six factors that lead to inaccurate predictions about people becoming violent.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 567 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.2 Skill: Applied 170. Explain the effects of the Tarasoff case on helping professionals’ duty to warn third parties of threats posed by
clients. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 570 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Applied 171. Discuss some of the conflicts involved in requiring helping professionals to warn third parties of threats.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 570 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Conceptual 172. Explain how the Tarasoff decision may inadvertently increase the risks of violence when applied to clinical
practice. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 571 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.3 Skill: Applied 173. Discuss legal developments concerning patients’ right to treatment.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 571 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Factual 174. Discuss legal developments concerning the right to refuse treatment. Cite the 1979 case, Rogers v. Okin, and
details of this case, in your discussion of the issues. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 574 Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Conceptual 175. List and describe at least five of a patient’s rights from the Patient’s Bill of Rights under Wyatt v. Stickney.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3
Page: 572
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Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Learning Objective: 15.4 Skill: Conceptual 176. Discuss how John Hinckley’s trial and ultimate verdict of not being guilty by reason of insanity initiated
dramatic changes within the U.S.’s legal system concerning the insanity defense. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 574
177. Discuss the history of the legal bases of the insanity plea. Include the “irresistible impulse” and inability to tell
if one’s actions were “right” or “wrong” in your essay. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Factual
Page: 576
178. Discuss the "guilty but mentally ill" verdict. Provide details on the controversy surrounding this verdict and
assess its effectiveness. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 575
179. Discuss the problems the insanity plea creates for jurors.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Applied
Page: 577
180. Discuss Thomas Szasz’s assertion that the insanity plea is degrading to the defendant.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.5 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 578
181. Discuss problems in determining the term of commitment for perpetrators who are found insane.
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.6 Skill: Applied
Page: 578
182. What is meant by the phrase “competency to stand trial”? Discuss potential abuses for the clients involved in
the trial. Summarize the 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case Jackson v. Indiana as it applies to this topic. Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Topic: The Insanity Defense Learning Objective: 15.7 Skill: Conceptual
Page: 579
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REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS EOC Q15.1 Jasper is acquitted of a crime by reason of insanity and is placed in a psychiatric institution for treatment. This is an example of . a) b) c) d)
criminal commitment civil commitment psychiatric commitment involuntary hospitalization
Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain the difference between civil commitment and criminal commitment. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q15.2 Prior to the Supreme Court ruling of , people were often committed to psychiatric institutions even if their behavior did not pose a present threat to themselves or others. a) b) c) d)
O’Connor v. Donaldson Addington v. Texas Sell v. United States Jackson v. Indiana
Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain the difference between civil commitment and criminal commitment. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Difficult
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EOC Q15.3 Civil commitment in a psychiatric hospital usually requires that a relative or professional . a) b) c) d)
accompany the committed person to the hospital demonstrate proof of health care insurance for the committed person file a petition with the court file a police incident report
Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain the difference between civil commitment and criminal commitment. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOC Q15.4 Which of the following individuals would be most likely to endorse this statement? “Civil commitment and the loss of liberty cannot be justified in a free society.” a) b) c) d)
Tatiana Tarasoff Thomas Szasz Kenneth Durham Wyatt Addington
Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain the difference between civil commitment and criminal commitment. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q15.5 Dr. Johnson was wrong when he predicted that his patient would not physically abuse his wife. This is an example of a . a) b) c) d)
false positive true negative true positive false negative
Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.2 Evaluate the ability of mental health professionals to predict dangerousness. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q15.6 Among schizophrenia patients, the risk of violent crime is greater in those with symptoms of , a) b) c) d)
delusions of persecution visual hallucinations language impairment negative emotions
Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.2 Evaluate the ability of mental health professionals to predict dangerousness. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q15.7 Both the American Psychological Association and the American Psychiatric Association have made formal statements that professionals in their respective organizations . a) b) c) d)
are unable to reliably predict violent behavior are very accurate at predicting violence are able to reliably predict violent behavior, but only after 10 or more years of training should be disciplined for making inaccurate predications of violence
Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.2 Evaluate the ability of mental health professionals to predict dangerousness. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOC Q15.8 Laith is a hospitalized patient who has refused medication. Usually in cases like Laith’s, after an independent review panel rules against the patient, a makes the final decision as to whether a patient may be forcibly medicated. a) b) c) d)
legally appointed guardian judge mental health specialist jury
Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.3 Define the duty to warn and evaluate the dilemma it poses for therapists. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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EOC Q15.9 Who was involuntarily confined to a Florida state mental hospital without treatment for 14 years even though he posed no threat to himself or others? a) b) c) d)
Ricky Wyatt Nicholas Romeo Kenneth Donaldson John Citizen
Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.4 Identify major court cases establishing the rights of mental patients. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q15.10 In the case of _, the Supreme Court ruled involuntarily committed patients have a right to be confined in less-restrictive conditions, such as being freed from physical restraints, whenever possible. a) b) c) d)
Durham v. United States Wyatt v. Stickney Rogers v. Okin Youngberg v. Romeo
Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.4 Identify major court cases establishing the rights of mental patients. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q15.11 The held that a person does not bear criminal responsibility for an act if by reason of a mental defect or disease the individual does not have knowledge of his actions or is unable to tell right from wrong. a) b) c) d)
Durham rule GBMI verdict Jones v. United States ruling M’Naghten rule
Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.5 Describe the history of the insanity defense, citing specific court cases and the guidelines proposed by the American Law Institute. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q15.12 The rule required juries to determine whether a defendant suffered from a mental disease or defect and that this mental condition was causally connected to the criminal act. a) b) c) d)
Jones Jackson Sell Durham
Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.5 Describe the history of the insanity defense, citing specific court cases and the guidelines proposed by the American Law Institute. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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EOC Q15.13 Michael Jones (Jones v. United States), arrested in 1975 for paranoid schizophrenia and was kept hospitalized for about competent to stand trial. a) b) c) d)
, was diagnosed with until he was judged
arson; 2 months manslaughter; 4 months petty larceny; 6 months assault with a deadly weapon; 8 months
Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe the legal basis for determining length of criminal commitment. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q15.14 The ruling in Jones v. United States implies that the principle of criminal commitment is based on the idea that the length of an individual’s confinement after an acquittal by reason of insanity should be determined by . a) b) c) d)
the person’s mental state the person’s legal defense team the extent of the harm the person caused a panel of expert witnesses
Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe the legal basis for determining length of criminal commitment. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
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EOC Q15.15 In 1972, in the case of , the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a person could not be kept in a mental hospital waiting for trial longer than it would take to determine whether treatment was likely to restore competency. a) b) c) d)
Jackson v. Indiana Medina v. California Addington v. Texas Durham v. United States
Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.7 Describe the legal basis for determining competency to stand trial. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q15.1.1 In the 1979 case of Rogers v. Okin, the courts ruled that committed patients have the right to refuse medication, except . a) b) c) d)
when the patient may be a danger to themselves or others when a legal guardian requests that the medication be administered when the patient is diagnosed with a severe mood disorder when the patient is over the age of 21
Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.4 Identify major court cases establishing the rights of mental patients. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q15.1.2 The legal process of placing someone in a psychiatric facility against his or her will is called . a) b) c) d)
institutionalization civil commitment psychiatric hospitalization criminal commitment
Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain the difference between civil commitment and criminal commitment. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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EOM Q15.1.3 In emergency situations in which people are deemed a present threat to themselves or others, can authorize immediate hospitalization for a period of up to _ hours until a formal commitment hearing can be held. a) b) c) d)
the court; 72 a police officer; 84 a spouse; 96 a member of the immediate family; 100
Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain the difference between civil commitment and criminal commitment. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q15.1.4 The relative difficulty of making predictions about infrequent or rare events is known as . a) b) c) d)
the base-rate problem a false positive a false negative the serendipity issue
Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.2 Evaluate the ability of mental health professionals to predict dangerousness. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOM Q15.1.5 When attempting to predict violent tendencies in people, the observation that identifying causes of violent behavior after the fact is much easier than predicting it beforehand is referred to as the . a) b) c) d)
post hoc problem problem in leaping from the general to the specific base-rate problem de-facto problem
Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.2 Evaluate the ability of mental health professionals to predict dangerousness. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q15.1.6 The duty-to-warn provision in recognized that the rights of the intended victim outweigh the rights of confidentiality toward the client. a) b) c) d)
Rogers v. Okin Tarasoff v. the Regents of the University of California O’Connor v. Donaldson Youngberg v. Romeo
Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.3 Define the duty to warn and evaluate the dilemma it poses for therapists. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
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EOM Q15.1.7 Which case ruled that patients in mental hospitals do not have to perform work to maintain the treatment facility? a) b) c) d)
O’Connor v. Donaldson Wyatt v. Stickney Rogers v. Okin Tarasoff v. the Regents of the University of California
Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.4 Identify major court cases establishing the rights of mental patients. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q15.2.1 The general public insanity defense and insanity defense. a) b) c) d)
the proportion of defendants who are acquitted based on the the length of confinement in a mental institution after using the
underestimates; overestimates underestimates; underestimates overestimates; underestimates overestimates; overestimates
Answer: c Learning Objective: The Insanity Defense Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q15.2.2 Persons convicted under the “guilty-but-mentally-ill” statute usually a) b) c) d)
.
receive shorter than typical prison sentences for their crime go to prison, but receive treatment while incarcerated are criminally committed to a mental hospital go to a mental hospital until they are cured, and then are remanded to a prison
Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.5 Describe the history of the insanity defense, citing specific court cases and the guidelines proposed by the American Law Institute. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate
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EOM Q15.2.3 The doctrine of free will, as applied to criminal responsibility, states that people can only be held responsible for an act if they are in control of their actions . a) b) c) d)
at the time they planned the act and they are not intoxicated when they act at the time they committed the act without the assistance of medication
Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.5 Describe the history of the insanity defense, citing specific court cases and the guidelines proposed by the American Law Institute. Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult EOM Q15.2.4 Samantha has a history of schizophrenia that is marked by delusions of persecution. She is on trial for murdering her husband, who she feels was an agent of the devil and out to harm the president. The jury must establish whether or not she lacks the substantial capacity to be aware of the law or can adapt her behavior to the law. The jury is using the to make this determination. a) b) c) d)
1834 Ohio case M’Naghten rule Youngberg v. Romeo ruling American Law Institute guidelines
Answer: d Learning Objective: 15.5 Describe the history of the insanity defense, citing specific court cases and the guidelines proposed by the American Law Institute. Skill Level: Apply Difficulty: Difficult
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EOM Q15.2.5 In the case of _, the Supreme Court ruled that persons who are criminally committed can be confined to mental institutions until they regain sanity and are no longer a danger to themselves or others. a) b) c) d)
Addington v. Texas Jones v. United States Jackson v. Indiana Sell v. United States
Answer: b Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe the legal basis for determining length of criminal commitment. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOM Q15.2.6 In the case of Medina v. California, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the burden of proof for determining competency to stand trial lies with . a) b) c) d)
the judge the prosecution the defendant the state
Answer: c Learning Objective: 15.7 Describe the legal basis for determining competency to stand trial. Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q15.2.7 Defendants who are more likely than those without this characteristic to be judged as incompetent to stand trial. a) b) c) d)
suffer from a psychotic disorder argue with the judge suffer from a mood disorder have a weak social support system
Answer: a Learning Objective: 15.7 Describe the legal basis for determining competency to stand trial. Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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