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Lalbhai Institute of Indology was designed to house ancient manuscripts and a research center. "All the elements one finds in Indian buildings are present," Doshi says, referring to the raised plinth, natural ventilation and generous veranda employed for regulating climate and light to preserve the ancient artifacts. The peripheral shade zone with sun-breakers becomes an occupiable brise-soleil at the level of public access (Curtis 1997; Steele 1998).

Indian Institute of Forest Management has shaded circulation that protects offices and alternates with covered outdoor meeting terraces (Bhatt + Scriver 1990). Outdoor public rooms are shaded with large sun-breakers. "The openings that receive operable windows are recessed into shadow pockets and these pockets become the dominant architectural features..." (Raje + Raje 2012). Raje's career is a study in variations on this theme of layered edges of shadow and light, as shown in the plans on the next page.

Pockets of shadow variations (next page) illustrate three Raje plans. Mudra Institute of Communications Classroom Building's southwest wall is opaque; apertures face a court through a sheltered layer. Classrooms and offices on other sides are wrapped in a shaded terrace layer about one-quarter the room depth. ATIRA Staff Housing uses

Indian Institute of Forest Management

Bhopal, India, 1988

Anant Raje, architect Layers of shade over outdoor rooms, rhythmic dark and lightness in exterior circulation, and thickened zones at the building edges protecting windows.

Pockets of Shadow

Pockets of shadow variations

Anant Raje, architect left Mudra Institute of Communications Classroom Building

Shaded areas show partlyenclosed shadow pockets open to outdoor air; boundaries to interior have operable windows and doors.

Ahmedabad, India, 1990 top right

ATIRA Staff Housing (Ahmedabad Textile Industry Research Association)

Ahmedabad, India, 1984 bottom right

Bhopal Development Authority Headquarters

Bhopal, India, 1990 large exterior vertical fin wall shading, oriented towards prevailing breezes. Covered open-air circulation between apartments shields entries. Bathroom cores open to ventilation shafts with indirect light. Kitchen/dining areas face semi-protected courts. Bhopal Development Authority Headquarters windows are never set to wall faces (A+D 1991). Openings are recessed in thick walls, sometimes with additional separated walls having large exterior openings. Raje gave large volumes of vertical space over to light and often spoke of light space and light volumes All Raje projects also covered in the same monograph as the quotes (Raje + Raje 2012).

Supporting Evidence

The psychological benefits of this schema can be connected to a respite from solar heat, leading to improved comfort conditions, elimination of glare and its liabilities, controlled views from less toward more extremes and a more fluid relation between in and out with options to inhabit the in-between.

Shading. When fully shaded, no direct sun hits windows, and reflected heat gain is about 75-80% less than full sun. A building's shade needs can be determined using the Shading Calendar technique. When shading periods are understood, the geometry can be studied using the External Shading strategy. Find both in DeKay + Brown (2014). Glare. Windows provide access to daylight and view, which generally improve cognitive performance, circadian health, and visual delight. However, unshaded they can also lead to glare and eyestrain, particularly in bright sky climates. Glare is a function of brightness contrast within occupants' field of view. The use of reflection surfaces and the prevention of direct sun entering a room reduces the glare experience. Further glare reduction occurs when the sources of light, both direct sun and diffuse sky, are obscured from any direct line of view.

Biorhythmic Radiance

supplements daylight with electric lighting intensity, timing and color that harmonize with bodily cycles.

daylight keeps a beat light manufactured marches i awake with ease

People need the right amount of light of the right color at the right times to sleep well and be healthy, energetic and happy (CIE 2019). The body's circadian cycle is triggered by intense morning light that syncs the body's wake/ sleep cycle with the 24-hour day. While controlled daylight is the most beneficial light, sometimes climate, location or existing design renders indoor daylight insufficient to support the body's rhythmic circadian needs. When it's not possible to employ daylight for circadian stimulus, electric light can mimic "the morning, daytime and evening periods in spectrum, intensity and dynamics"(Velux 2013). This is especially valuable in basements or the rare windowless room, during early morning hours, in winter months and at high latitudes. In these cases, strategic electric lighting design can supplement good daylighting design, helping provide some of the missing circadian stimulus and its accompanying experiential benefits. The designer's challenge is to key the lighting to the region's natural daylight patterns and together provide the daily lighting variability humans require.