Copyright Š 2019 Tongji University Press All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. Executive Editors: Lyu Wei, Crisie Yuan Editorial Assistant: Sandy Lu Translators: Zhao Liuyuan, Wang Xiaoyou Copy Editor: Mark Zuiderveld Book Design: vv_design
National Library of China Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. A catalogue record for this book is available from the National Library of China ISBN 978-7-5608-8141-6 Tongji University Press books may be purchased at special quantity discounts for business or sales promotional use. For information, please email uksales@accartbooks.com.
Printed and Bound in the People’s Republic of China.
Copyright Š 2019 Tongji University Press All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. Executive Editors: Lyu Wei, Crisie Yuan Editorial Assistant: Sandy Lu Translators: Zhao Liuyuan, Wang Xiaoyou Copy Editor: Mark Zuiderveld Book Design: vv_design
National Library of China Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. A catalogue record for this book is available from the National Library of China ISBN 978-7-5608-8141-6 Tongji University Press books may be purchased at special quantity discounts for business or sales promotional use. For information, please email uksales@accartbooks.com.
Printed and Bound in the People’s Republic of China.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the process of making the book, much sincere help is received from experts, scholars and colleagues. Here we would like to express our cordial gratitude to former Minister Song Chunhua; Prof. Zheng Shiling; Prof. Wei Dunshan; Prof. Wu Jiang; Prof. Zhou Chang; Prof. Shen Zuyan; Prof. Rong Baisheng; Mr. Wang Dasui; Mr. Ye Keming; Mr. Wang Wei; Mr. Shou Weiwei; Mr. Wen Boyin; Prof. Lyu Xilin; Mr. Gong Jian; Mr. Ma Weidu; Mr. Mi Qiu; Mr. Jiang Guoxing; Mr. Shi Senbin; and Mr. M. Arthur Gensler Jr.
EDITORIAL BOARDS “Shanghai Tower” Series Editorial Consultants Kong Qingwei, Jiang Yao, Chen Xiaohong, Jiang Shujie, Yang Xiaoming, Li Jinzhao, Xu Erjin, Zhu Wei, Shi Guohua, Jiang Zhiquan, Xu Zheng, Hang Yingwei, Fang Qingqiang Chief Editor Gu Jianping Vice-Chief Editors Chen Xiaobo, Ge Qing, Gao Chao, Shao Zhuqing, Jiang Biao, Ma Wenjing Little Known Facts: Shanghai Tower Chief Editor Gu Jianping Vice-Chief Editor Sun Jun, Cheng Luo, Li Mojun Members (listed alphabetically) Bao Shunqiang, Cai Jun, Chao Si, Chen Hui, Chen Jiliang, Deng Bin, Ding Jiemin, Feng Yecheng, Fu Guoyong, Fu Jianchang, Gao Chaoyi, Gao Lianhong, Gao Zhenfeng, Gu Guorong, Guo Jun, Han Jihong, He Zhijun, Hong Xueyuan, Hu Qi, Hu Tianwen, Hu Xufeng, Jia Baorong, Jiang Miaoyi, Lang Haochuan, Li Dahai, Li Shaojian, Li Shaowei, Li Xiao, Li Xiaomei, Li Yadong, Li Zhong, Lin Lan, Liu Enfang, Liu Feiguo, Liu Qi, Liu Yi, Liu Zhenghong, Luo Haitao, Mao Zhaosui, Mei Ting, Menggeng Baoligao, Ni Zhigang, Pan Changda, Peng Wu, Qi Sheng, Qian Feng, Ren Yao, Shen Youdi, Shi Lizhu, Song Weining, Su Yaokang, Sun Hua, Sun Jiahua, Sun Jin, Tang Linfeng, Wang Jian , Wang Lan, Wang Xiaobo, Wang Yuelin, Wang Zhenhua, Wang Zhiyong, Wei Wenbing, Wu Jianshuai, Wu Xinzhi, Xia Jun, Xia Lin, Xiao Shengkai, Xu Bin, Xuan Linkang, Yang Min, Yang Ying, Yao Ben, Yin Yanyan, Yu Mingda, Zhang Cuihong, Zhang Minjie, Zhang Qin, Zhang Xitong, Zhang Xuesheng, Zhang Zhengshu, Zhao Bin, Zhou Hong, Zhou Jin, Zhou Zhiwei, Zhu Weikai, Zhu Yaping, Zhu Yi, Zhuang Wei Photographers Huang Weiguo, Cao Shen, Nie Fengchen, Gao Yuan, Zhang Suoqing
99 Engineering Codes, uncover the mystery veil of Shanghai Tower, the second highest super highrise building in the world.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the process of making the book, much sincere help is received from experts, scholars and colleagues. Here we would like to express our cordial gratitude to former Minister Song Chunhua; Prof. Zheng Shiling; Prof. Wei Dunshan; Prof. Wu Jiang; Prof. Zhou Chang; Prof. Shen Zuyan; Prof. Rong Baisheng; Mr. Wang Dasui; Mr. Ye Keming; Mr. Wang Wei; Mr. Shou Weiwei; Mr. Wen Boyin; Prof. Lyu Xilin; Mr. Gong Jian; Mr. Ma Weidu; Mr. Mi Qiu; Mr. Jiang Guoxing; Mr. Shi Senbin; and Mr. M. Arthur Gensler Jr.
EDITORIAL BOARDS “Shanghai Tower” Series Editorial Consultants Kong Qingwei, Jiang Yao, Chen Xiaohong, Jiang Shujie, Yang Xiaoming, Li Jinzhao, Xu Erjin, Zhu Wei, Shi Guohua, Jiang Zhiquan, Xu Zheng, Hang Yingwei, Fang Qingqiang Chief Editor Gu Jianping Vice-Chief Editors Chen Xiaobo, Ge Qing, Gao Chao, Shao Zhuqing, Jiang Biao, Ma Wenjing Little Known Facts: Shanghai Tower Chief Editor Gu Jianping Vice-Chief Editor Sun Jun, Cheng Luo, Li Mojun Members (listed alphabetically) Bao Shunqiang, Cai Jun, Chao Si, Chen Hui, Chen Jiliang, Deng Bin, Ding Jiemin, Feng Yecheng, Fu Guoyong, Fu Jianchang, Gao Chaoyi, Gao Lianhong, Gao Zhenfeng, Gu Guorong, Guo Jun, Han Jihong, He Zhijun, Hong Xueyuan, Hu Qi, Hu Tianwen, Hu Xufeng, Jia Baorong, Jiang Miaoyi, Lang Haochuan, Li Dahai, Li Shaojian, Li Shaowei, Li Xiao, Li Xiaomei, Li Yadong, Li Zhong, Lin Lan, Liu Enfang, Liu Feiguo, Liu Qi, Liu Yi, Liu Zhenghong, Luo Haitao, Mao Zhaosui, Mei Ting, Menggeng Baoligao, Ni Zhigang, Pan Changda, Peng Wu, Qi Sheng, Qian Feng, Ren Yao, Shen Youdi, Shi Lizhu, Song Weining, Su Yaokang, Sun Hua, Sun Jiahua, Sun Jin, Tang Linfeng, Wang Jian , Wang Lan, Wang Xiaobo, Wang Yuelin, Wang Zhenhua, Wang Zhiyong, Wei Wenbing, Wu Jianshuai, Wu Xinzhi, Xia Jun, Xia Lin, Xiao Shengkai, Xu Bin, Xuan Linkang, Yang Min, Yang Ying, Yao Ben, Yin Yanyan, Yu Mingda, Zhang Cuihong, Zhang Minjie, Zhang Qin, Zhang Xitong, Zhang Xuesheng, Zhang Zhengshu, Zhao Bin, Zhou Hong, Zhou Jin, Zhou Zhiwei, Zhu Weikai, Zhu Yaping, Zhu Yi, Zhuang Wei Photographers Huang Weiguo, Cao Shen, Nie Fengchen, Gao Yuan, Zhang Suoqing
99 Engineering Codes, uncover the mystery veil of Shanghai Tower, the second highest super highrise building in the world.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 01: APPEARANCE 012
632 m, Defining Shanghai’s New Landmark
014
578,000 m2, The “Vertical Bund”
016
4 Times Deformation to a Dynamic “Body”
018
“Time-Travelling” at a 120° Rotation
020
Test Tracking: Wind Tunnel Tests with Total 120° Rotation
022
95° V-Shaped Groove, Defining Beginning and End
024
Double-Skin Façade to Save 50% on Energy Consumption
028
Glass Skin Made by 20,357 Pieces of Glass Panels with Dynamic Smooth Design
030
150% Safety Factor to Avoid “Glass Rain”
032
Test Tracking: Tests on Four Characteristics of Glass Curtain Walls
034
Podium Building 38 m High with a “Dual Personality”
036
“Invisible Raincoat” Inside the 10 cm Interspace
038
12% Light Reflectivity: Transparent and Soft
042
135 Floors of Setback, Composing the External Curtain Wall
044
21 Sky Gardens
046
The Tallest Sky Garden with 380 m2
048
Wisterias in Half Garden, Vitality for 600 Years
CHAPTER 02: OBSERVATION AND EXPERIENCE 052
1,817 Parking Spaces, Relieving Parking Jams
054
340-Meter-Long “Boulevard” Connects the “Golden Triangle” of Lujiazui
056
33% Green Coverage Rate: A Green Environment
058
26 Moss Balls Confirm Fresh Air
060
7,500 m2 Sky Garden
062
A Trifecta of Color
064
132-Meter-Long “Ideational Landscape” , A Mirror for Thought
066
A “Fish Joy Painting” of 632 Colored Glaze Pieces
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 01: APPEARANCE 012
632 m, Defining Shanghai’s New Landmark
014
578,000 m2, The “Vertical Bund”
016
4 Times Deformation to a Dynamic “Body”
018
“Time-Travelling” at a 120° Rotation
020
Test Tracking: Wind Tunnel Tests with Total 120° Rotation
022
95° V-Shaped Groove, Defining Beginning and End
024
Double-Skin Façade to Save 50% on Energy Consumption
028
Glass Skin Made by 20,357 Pieces of Glass Panels with Dynamic Smooth Design
030
150% Safety Factor to Avoid “Glass Rain”
032
Test Tracking: Tests on Four Characteristics of Glass Curtain Walls
034
Podium Building 38 m High with a “Dual Personality”
036
“Invisible Raincoat” Inside the 10 cm Interspace
038
12% Light Reflectivity: Transparent and Soft
042
135 Floors of Setback, Composing the External Curtain Wall
044
21 Sky Gardens
046
The Tallest Sky Garden with 380 m2
048
Wisterias in Half Garden, Vitality for 600 Years
CHAPTER 02: OBSERVATION AND EXPERIENCE 052
1,817 Parking Spaces, Relieving Parking Jams
054
340-Meter-Long “Boulevard” Connects the “Golden Triangle” of Lujiazui
056
33% Green Coverage Rate: A Green Environment
058
26 Moss Balls Confirm Fresh Air
060
7,500 m2 Sky Garden
062
A Trifecta of Color
064
132-Meter-Long “Ideational Landscape” , A Mirror for Thought
066
A “Fish Joy Painting” of 632 Colored Glaze Pieces
068
A Museum at 173 m High
150
How a 500-Ton Tower Crane Climbs
072
18,698 Optimum Class Private Treasure Houses
152
3 “Crescent Moon” Spacecrafts
074
Groundbreaking Cloisonné Enamel, 1,789,653 Wire Inlays
154
A 102-Layer “Bustle”
076
1,000 Character Groups
156
1,500 Connection Points Tugging on the “Outer Coat”
078
2,000 m2
158
Innovating 15 Special Supports
080
Aluminum Tubes, 1,989 m Long, A Dynamic Hall
160
Test Track: Friction Coefficient Test of Special Bearings
082
Inner Curtain Wall Intact at 960 °C
162
Saving 1,322 Horizontal and Vertical Slip Supports
084
Test Tracking: Fire Double-Sided Test at 1,000°C
164
413 Sensors to Monitor Safety
086
Evacuating Personnel in 108 Minutes
166
18 “Dynamic Holes” Penetrate the Glass Curtain Walls
088
Foam Transportation Tubes, 620 m Long
168
32 Double-Hanging Baskets Wearing the Building’s Coat
Space Sans Columns
090
How to Clean Glass Curtain Walls Covering
170
4 “Eggbeater” Cranes
092
Straight into the Air at 20.5 m/s
172
A Thin, Light Lift, with Bearing Capacity of 230 kg/m2
094
Lifts Arriving in 35 Seconds
174
Pumping Concrete to 620 m High
096
360° Vision without Occlusion
176
A 25 Fin-Shaped Truss “Light Crown”
098
1,000 Tons of Damper, as Steady as Mount Tai
178
10,733 Lights Alight a Tower’s Crown
100
23-Meter-High Art Space: “Shanghai Smart Eye”
102
244 Loudspeakers, the “Holographic Sound”
400,000 m2
CHAPTER 03: UNDERGROUND EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 05: DECODING GREEN CONCEPT 182
BIM Efficiency, Saving at Least 100,000,000 Yuan
184
Setting Up Green Benchmarks by using 43 Energy Saving Technologies
106
Granite 288 m Underground
186
Green Procurement Radius of 500 km
108
A Home in the 9th Soil Layer
188
VAV Air Conditioner Saving 50% Energy
110
Silent "Crossing" 86 m Underground
190
Feedback Lifts with Power Conversion 30% Utilization Rate
112
3,100 Tons, Ultimate Bearing Capacity
192
24 Sunlight Sensors Curtains
113
Test Tracking: 3,100 Tons Limit Test
194
Intelligent Lighting “Plants” 100,000 Trees
114
5 Steps of Piling, Precise Implementation
196
Quiet Air Conditioning Reduces 15 Noisy Decibels
116
1,079 Pile Foundations, Staggered Arrangement
198
9 Sets of Transmission Pumps
118
40 Pressure Relief Wells for Confined Water
200
Intelligent Savings for 245,994 m3 Reclaimed Water
120
7 Pipelines in Road Reconstruction
202
10,340-Meter Pipeline Soil Capillaries
122
A Super-Large Foundation Pit with an Inner Diameter of 121m
204
254 “Meter Readers” Controlling Water
124
“Moving Ants” for 600,000 m3 of Soil
206
90-Meter-Long “Angel Wings” Eliminate Atomization
126
15,000 Tons of Steel Bars in 20 Days
208
Two 110 kV Circuits Ensuring Safety
128
Pouring a Base of 60,000 m3 at Once
210
270 High Altitude Green Electric Generators
130
Test Tracking: Actual Test of Concrete Ratio
212
2-Ways Guarantee, Mutual Backup
132
5,630 Foundation Pit Guardians
214
2 Energy Centers Realize Partition Energy Supply
216
Triple “Gas Hearts” Generate 12,800,000 kWh
218
3 Cooling Refrigerators to Transfer Energy
220
127 Ground Source Heat Pumps, Responsible for the Perfect Exchange of Hot and Cold
222
2 Cooling Towers, Free Cold Source
224
An “Intelligent Brain” of 200,000 Nerve Endings
226
10% Energy Saving by Best Energy Manager
134
A Green Channel for Bearing
More Than 500 kg/m2
CHAPTER 04: CONSTRUCTION INQUIRIES 138
9-Layer Cake Inspiration
140
A 580-Meter-High Economic Core Tube
142
2° Tilt
144
An 800 m2 “Aircraft”
148
A 3 m2 Aerial Platform
068
A Museum at 173 m High
150
How a 500-Ton Tower Crane Climbs
072
18,698 Optimum Class Private Treasure Houses
152
3 “Crescent Moon” Spacecrafts
074
Groundbreaking Cloisonné Enamel, 1,789,653 Wire Inlays
154
A 102-Layer “Bustle”
076
1,000 Character Groups
156
1,500 Connection Points Tugging on the “Outer Coat”
078
2,000 m2
158
Innovating 15 Special Supports
080
Aluminum Tubes, 1,989 m Long, A Dynamic Hall
160
Test Track: Friction Coefficient Test of Special Bearings
082
Inner Curtain Wall Intact at 960 °C
162
Saving 1,322 Horizontal and Vertical Slip Supports
084
Test Tracking: Fire Double-Sided Test at 1,000°C
164
413 Sensors to Monitor Safety
086
Evacuating Personnel in 108 Minutes
166
18 “Dynamic Holes” Penetrate the Glass Curtain Walls
088
Foam Transportation Tubes, 620 m Long
168
32 Double-Hanging Baskets Wearing the Building’s Coat
Space Sans Columns
090
How to Clean Glass Curtain Walls Covering
170
4 “Eggbeater” Cranes
092
Straight into the Air at 20.5 m/s
172
A Thin, Light Lift, with Bearing Capacity of 230 kg/m2
094
Lifts Arriving in 35 Seconds
174
Pumping Concrete to 620 m High
096
360° Vision without Occlusion
176
A 25 Fin-Shaped Truss “Light Crown”
098
1,000 Tons of Damper, as Steady as Mount Tai
178
10,733 Lights Alight a Tower’s Crown
100
23-Meter-High Art Space: “Shanghai Smart Eye”
102
244 Loudspeakers, the “Holographic Sound”
400,000 m2
CHAPTER 03: UNDERGROUND EXPLORATION
CHAPTER 05: DECODING GREEN CONCEPT 182
BIM Efficiency, Saving at Least 100,000,000 Yuan
184
Setting Up Green Benchmarks by using 43 Energy Saving Technologies
106
Granite 288 m Underground
186
Green Procurement Radius of 500 km
108
A Home in the 9th Soil Layer
188
VAV Air Conditioner Saving 50% Energy
110
Silent "Crossing" 86 m Underground
190
Feedback Lifts with Power Conversion 30% Utilization Rate
112
3,100 Tons, Ultimate Bearing Capacity
192
24 Sunlight Sensors Curtains
113
Test Tracking: 3,100 Tons Limit Test
194
Intelligent Lighting “Plants” 100,000 Trees
114
5 Steps of Piling, Precise Implementation
196
Quiet Air Conditioning Reduces 15 Noisy Decibels
116
1,079 Pile Foundations, Staggered Arrangement
198
9 Sets of Transmission Pumps
118
40 Pressure Relief Wells for Confined Water
200
Intelligent Savings for 245,994 m3 Reclaimed Water
120
7 Pipelines in Road Reconstruction
202
10,340-Meter Pipeline Soil Capillaries
122
A Super-Large Foundation Pit with an Inner Diameter of 121m
204
254 “Meter Readers” Controlling Water
124
“Moving Ants” for 600,000 m3 of Soil
206
90-Meter-Long “Angel Wings” Eliminate Atomization
126
15,000 Tons of Steel Bars in 20 Days
208
Two 110 kV Circuits Ensuring Safety
128
Pouring a Base of 60,000 m3 at Once
210
270 High Altitude Green Electric Generators
130
Test Tracking: Actual Test of Concrete Ratio
212
2-Ways Guarantee, Mutual Backup
132
5,630 Foundation Pit Guardians
214
2 Energy Centers Realize Partition Energy Supply
216
Triple “Gas Hearts” Generate 12,800,000 kWh
218
3 Cooling Refrigerators to Transfer Energy
220
127 Ground Source Heat Pumps, Responsible for the Perfect Exchange of Hot and Cold
222
2 Cooling Towers, Free Cold Source
224
An “Intelligent Brain” of 200,000 Nerve Endings
226
10% Energy Saving by Best Energy Manager
134
A Green Channel for Bearing
More Than 500 kg/m2
CHAPTER 04: CONSTRUCTION INQUIRIES 138
9-Layer Cake Inspiration
140
A 580-Meter-High Economic Core Tube
142
2° Tilt
144
An 800 m2 “Aircraft”
148
A 3 m2 Aerial Platform
01
APPEARANCE
Shanghai Tower spirals upwards at 120°. The V-shaped opening in the building surface runs from bottom to top. Viewing from the façade, it stands like a glass crystal with an elegant streamline. Seen from the top, it resembles a guitar pick, and its asymmetrical curly shape at the top, coordinated with the dotted shape of Jinmao Tower at its top and linear shape of Shanghai World Financial Center, which complements Shanghai’s skyline. Are there any secrets hidden in these designs? Traces of history, humanistic memorials, technological innovations, and environmental protection are contained. After design revisions and experimental research, Shanghai Tower stands, reaches into the sky in statuesque silence.
010
011
01
APPEARANCE
Shanghai Tower spirals upwards at 120°. The V-shaped opening in the building surface runs from bottom to top. Viewing from the façade, it stands like a glass crystal with an elegant streamline. Seen from the top, it resembles a guitar pick, and its asymmetrical curly shape at the top, coordinated with the dotted shape of Jinmao Tower at its top and linear shape of Shanghai World Financial Center, which complements Shanghai’s skyline. Are there any secrets hidden in these designs? Traces of history, humanistic memorials, technological innovations, and environmental protection are contained. After design revisions and experimental research, Shanghai Tower stands, reaches into the sky in statuesque silence.
010
011
1,989
ALUMINUM TUBES
CODE_1,989
Code
1,989 M LONG, A DYNAMIC HALL technology, each with a diameter of 10 cm and with a total length of 1,989 m. To achieve
Designers use aluminum tubes 1,989 m long with the diameter of 10 cm to decorate the wall of
harmony in the space, the designers abandon the method of hanging slings commonly used,
linear effect.
which not only controlls shaking in the mechanics, but also shows a simplicity in lighting
Shanghai Tower’s rotating appearance creates a soft-line effect. How can we create radian in
How can we decorate dotted LED lamps in each aluminum tube to achieve this visual effect?
the multi-function hall. The LED lights are installed in the aluminum tubes to create a dynamic
the hall’s interior, making it as dynamic as the rotated architectural appearance? Designers take advantage of changing light. By using special-shaped aluminum tubes to decorate the walls, and 566 LED lights have been installed in the aluminum pipes. Whenever the lights come up, the hall comes alive. These circular aluminum tubes are all three-dimensional curves made with seamless splicing
and adopt a balanced structure by pulling a round pipe with a white metal horizontal pole, effects. The circular aluminum tube is a closed three-dimensional space. If the conventional decoration method is used, we can only try the place of the lamps by drilling, and if it is not effective enough, there is no other way to adjust. The designers set up a parameterized model to presimulate the lighting effect. Then they located the size and spacing of each LED lamp on the aluminum tube (3.5 m), and implemented the installation. 566 LED lights installed in the special-shaped circular aluminum tubes
080
081
1,989
ALUMINUM TUBES
CODE_1,989
Code
1,989 M LONG, A DYNAMIC HALL technology, each with a diameter of 10 cm and with a total length of 1,989 m. To achieve
Designers use aluminum tubes 1,989 m long with the diameter of 10 cm to decorate the wall of
harmony in the space, the designers abandon the method of hanging slings commonly used,
linear effect.
which not only controlls shaking in the mechanics, but also shows a simplicity in lighting
Shanghai Tower’s rotating appearance creates a soft-line effect. How can we create radian in
How can we decorate dotted LED lamps in each aluminum tube to achieve this visual effect?
the multi-function hall. The LED lights are installed in the aluminum tubes to create a dynamic
the hall’s interior, making it as dynamic as the rotated architectural appearance? Designers take advantage of changing light. By using special-shaped aluminum tubes to decorate the walls, and 566 LED lights have been installed in the aluminum pipes. Whenever the lights come up, the hall comes alive. These circular aluminum tubes are all three-dimensional curves made with seamless splicing
and adopt a balanced structure by pulling a round pipe with a white metal horizontal pole, effects. The circular aluminum tube is a closed three-dimensional space. If the conventional decoration method is used, we can only try the place of the lamps by drilling, and if it is not effective enough, there is no other way to adjust. The designers set up a parameterized model to presimulate the lighting effect. Then they located the size and spacing of each LED lamp on the aluminum tube (3.5 m), and implemented the installation. 566 LED lights installed in the special-shaped circular aluminum tubes
080
081
Code
960
INNER CURTAIN WALL INTACT AT 960°C
CODE_960 The cesium potassium fireproof glass is used as the inner curtain wall, and a special fireproof adhesive strip as the sealing material. The wall is equipped with precision steel and aluminum profile
support, the first produced domestically, to ensure its intactness for one hour at 960°C.
In fire rescue missions, different from low-level buildings, high-rise buildings mainly rely on their own fire protection measures to ensure safety. Shanghai Tower at the height of 632 m with complicated building materials and functions requires a more sophisticated internal fire system. In addition to setting up a refuge in each area, a curtain wall that can fully withstand a fire test has been built in the tower, especially its interior wall, whose fire protection is one of its finest performance requirements. Why is the fireproof performance of the inner wall so crucuial? This is closely related to the “temperature-time” relationship curve after the fire. Each area of Shanghai Tower has 12 to 15 layers, and flames will go up if fire happens. According to the time axis from one minute, five minutes, ten minutes to one hour and temperature axis from 0°C, 10°C, 100°C, 200°C to 960°C, the inner curtain wall of each district is designed to have the fire resistance ability to stay intact for one hour at a temperature of 960°C and to keep the fire outside so that people have enough time to escape. The interior curtain wall of Shanghai Tower with a special fireproof coat
As a result, the selection of the glass material has become the priority. The designers test different materials for multiple times. The fireproof glass made of caesium and potassium is finally selected. The common armoured glass will burst within two minutes under 1,000°C, while the special fireproof glass stays intact for 60 minutes – a rare case. Special fireproof rubber strips used as the sealing materials of the curtain wall, the support system made of precision steel first produced domestically, and the special double layer fireproof glass serving as the inner curtain wall of Floor 2 to Floor 3 of each area, helped the wall meet strict requirements of resisting fire. The inner curtain wall above Floor 4 in each area adopted combined
082
fireproof and armoured glass, together with special drencher spray header, which can conduct an automatic sprinkler in the event of fire to protect the glass curtain wall. In this way, nearly 80,000 m2 interior curtain wall has been placed on a special fireproof coat. The technical research and development serve the safety, realising the best protection for people.
083
Code
960
INNER CURTAIN WALL INTACT AT 960°C
CODE_960 The cesium potassium fireproof glass is used as the inner curtain wall, and a special fireproof adhesive strip as the sealing material. The wall is equipped with precision steel and aluminum profile
support, the first produced domestically, to ensure its intactness for one hour at 960°C.
In fire rescue missions, different from low-level buildings, high-rise buildings mainly rely on their own fire protection measures to ensure safety. Shanghai Tower at the height of 632 m with complicated building materials and functions requires a more sophisticated internal fire system. In addition to setting up a refuge in each area, a curtain wall that can fully withstand a fire test has been built in the tower, especially its interior wall, whose fire protection is one of its finest performance requirements. Why is the fireproof performance of the inner wall so crucuial? This is closely related to the “temperature-time” relationship curve after the fire. Each area of Shanghai Tower has 12 to 15 layers, and flames will go up if fire happens. According to the time axis from one minute, five minutes, ten minutes to one hour and temperature axis from 0°C, 10°C, 100°C, 200°C to 960°C, the inner curtain wall of each district is designed to have the fire resistance ability to stay intact for one hour at a temperature of 960°C and to keep the fire outside so that people have enough time to escape. The interior curtain wall of Shanghai Tower with a special fireproof coat
As a result, the selection of the glass material has become the priority. The designers test different materials for multiple times. The fireproof glass made of caesium and potassium is finally selected. The common armoured glass will burst within two minutes under 1,000°C, while the special fireproof glass stays intact for 60 minutes – a rare case. Special fireproof rubber strips used as the sealing materials of the curtain wall, the support system made of precision steel first produced domestically, and the special double layer fireproof glass serving as the inner curtain wall of Floor 2 to Floor 3 of each area, helped the wall meet strict requirements of resisting fire. The inner curtain wall above Floor 4 in each area adopted combined
082
fireproof and armoured glass, together with special drencher spray header, which can conduct an automatic sprinkler in the event of fire to protect the glass curtain wall. In this way, nearly 80,000 m2 interior curtain wall has been placed on a special fireproof coat. The technical research and development serve the safety, realising the best protection for people.
083
Test Tracking: Fire Double-Sided Test at 1,000°C Time: January to June in 2012 Site: Tianjin Fireproof Research Institute
The
be
The fire-proof test for interior curtain walls
completely broken at 1,000°C after 2 minutes,
ordinary
tempered
glass
will
of four layers and above in each area of
and the ordinary aluminum frame of curtain
Shanghai Tower is somewhat special as the
walls will be melt after 30 minutes with a result
water-spraying system needs to be installed
of falling glass.
in the test furnace. Thus, Tianjin Fireproof
To determine the fire protection system and materials of the interior curtain walls of 2-3 layers in each area, four schemes for multiple tests were selected. Finally, it was found steel curtain walls equipped with internal and external pieces of caesium and potassium
Research Institute develop a test furnace with dual performance of fire and water spray. The glass of the interior curtain walls has been subject to fire burning in the furnace and proved that the water-spraying system is safe enough to be used.
fire-proof hollow glass are the best choice, holding 60 minutes’ of burning fire so that people can have enough time to escape.
Interior curtain wall fire-proof test: test furnace with dual performance of fire and water spray
084
085
Test Tracking: Fire Double-Sided Test at 1,000°C Time: January to June in 2012 Site: Tianjin Fireproof Research Institute
The
be
The fire-proof test for interior curtain walls
completely broken at 1,000°C after 2 minutes,
ordinary
tempered
glass
will
of four layers and above in each area of
and the ordinary aluminum frame of curtain
Shanghai Tower is somewhat special as the
walls will be melt after 30 minutes with a result
water-spraying system needs to be installed
of falling glass.
in the test furnace. Thus, Tianjin Fireproof
To determine the fire protection system and materials of the interior curtain walls of 2-3 layers in each area, four schemes for multiple tests were selected. Finally, it was found steel curtain walls equipped with internal and external pieces of caesium and potassium
Research Institute develop a test furnace with dual performance of fire and water spray. The glass of the interior curtain walls has been subject to fire burning in the furnace and proved that the water-spraying system is safe enough to be used.
fire-proof hollow glass are the best choice, holding 60 minutes’ of burning fire so that people can have enough time to escape.
Interior curtain wall fire-proof test: test furnace with dual performance of fire and water spray
084
085
108 MINUTES
spreading. In case people in office areas are in danger, they can enter the shelter
escape routes. Each shelter uses an independent supercharger to prevent smoke from immediately. How to move the people in shelters? It requires 13 shuttle lifts mentioned earlier. They usually serve as passenger lifts shuttling in different blocks of the building. In case of emergency, the automatic alarm system urges these shuttle lifts to land at the bottom of the building, and then specially-trained fire safety officers (elevator operators) will take them to the shelter floor to assist in evacuating. In this way, the time in evacuating the building can be shortened to 108 minutes.
CODE_108 There are 13 shuttle elevators in Shanghai Tower, with functions like fire protection, smoke prevention and waterproofing. Serving as an emergency evacuation tool, they can reduce the designed evacuation time from 138 minutes to 108 minutes.
Up to 114 vertical elevators are in Shanghai Tower, operating daily. In case of a fire or other emergency occurs, most of the elevators are suspended. In this way, these 13 special shuttle elevators are used for safe and efficient evacuation. These elevators are designed with separate power supply, turbocharging and waterproofing, with functions of fire prevention, smoke prevention and waterproofing. As an auxiliary evacuation tool in emergencies, they can operate normally under extreme conditions. Because of the huge total building area of Shanghai Tower, it takes 2 hours and 18 minutes to complete the evacuation if only the fire stairwell is available. What’s more, rapid evacuation is not applicable to the elders and disables, and will lead to evacuees’ exhaustion. According to Shanghai Tower’s needs, a unique evacuation plan is formed for different areas, to meet current international safety standards. In the hotel and sightseeing areas, the “partial
REFUGE AREAS
Zone 9 Refuge 313 m2 1,560 people
Tower’s stairs
Zone 8 Refuge 588 m2 2,319 people
Shelter layer Zone 7 Refuge 538 m2 1,131 people
Stairs of leisure layer Zone 6 Refuge 765 m2 2,748 people
Zone 5 Refuge 910 m2 3,310 people
evacuation” + “phased evacuation” scheme is adopted. In the office area, the “phased evacuation” scheme is omnipresent. “Partial evacuation” scheme: In the hotel and sightseeing areas, crowds can be evacuated directly to the bottom floor via the elevators. “Phased evacuation” scheme: there are shelters in the 7th, 21st, 36th, 51st, 67th, 83rd, 100th and 116th floors. In case of an
086
Zone 4 Refuge 1,064 m3 3,804 people
Zone 3 Refuge 1,217 m2 4,667 people
Zone 2 Refuge 1,300 m2 4,884 people
7F, 21F, 36F, 51F, 67F, 83F, 100F and 116F have two layers of public space, the lower area for equipment and the upper area for shelter
Fire-fighting sketch map of Shanghai Tower
087
Code
emergency, all personnel can enter the nearest shelters from fire- and smoke-proof
108
EVACUATING PERSONNEL IN
108 MINUTES
spreading. In case people in office areas are in danger, they can enter the shelter
escape routes. Each shelter uses an independent supercharger to prevent smoke from immediately. How to move the people in shelters? It requires 13 shuttle lifts mentioned earlier. They usually serve as passenger lifts shuttling in different blocks of the building. In case of emergency, the automatic alarm system urges these shuttle lifts to land at the bottom of the building, and then specially-trained fire safety officers (elevator operators) will take them to the shelter floor to assist in evacuating. In this way, the time in evacuating the building can be shortened to 108 minutes.
CODE_108 There are 13 shuttle elevators in Shanghai Tower, with functions like fire protection, smoke prevention and waterproofing. Serving as an emergency evacuation tool, they can reduce the designed evacuation time from 138 minutes to 108 minutes.
Up to 114 vertical elevators are in Shanghai Tower, operating daily. In case of a fire or other emergency occurs, most of the elevators are suspended. In this way, these 13 special shuttle elevators are used for safe and efficient evacuation. These elevators are designed with separate power supply, turbocharging and waterproofing, with functions of fire prevention, smoke prevention and waterproofing. As an auxiliary evacuation tool in emergencies, they can operate normally under extreme conditions. Because of the huge total building area of Shanghai Tower, it takes 2 hours and 18 minutes to complete the evacuation if only the fire stairwell is available. What’s more, rapid evacuation is not applicable to the elders and disables, and will lead to evacuees’ exhaustion. According to Shanghai Tower’s needs, a unique evacuation plan is formed for different areas, to meet current international safety standards. In the hotel and sightseeing areas, the “partial
REFUGE AREAS
Zone 9 Refuge 313 m2 1,560 people
Tower’s stairs
Zone 8 Refuge 588 m2 2,319 people
Shelter layer Zone 7 Refuge 538 m2 1,131 people
Stairs of leisure layer Zone 6 Refuge 765 m2 2,748 people
Zone 5 Refuge 910 m2 3,310 people
evacuation” + “phased evacuation” scheme is adopted. In the office area, the “phased evacuation” scheme is omnipresent. “Partial evacuation” scheme: In the hotel and sightseeing areas, crowds can be evacuated directly to the bottom floor via the elevators. “Phased evacuation” scheme: there are shelters in the 7th, 21st, 36th, 51st, 67th, 83rd, 100th and 116th floors. In case of an
086
Zone 4 Refuge 1,064 m3 3,804 people
Zone 3 Refuge 1,217 m2 4,667 people
Zone 2 Refuge 1,300 m2 4,884 people
7F, 21F, 36F, 51F, 67F, 83F, 100F and 116F have two layers of public space, the lower area for equipment and the upper area for shelter
Fire-fighting sketch map of Shanghai Tower
087
Code
emergency, all personnel can enter the nearest shelters from fire- and smoke-proof
108
EVACUATING PERSONNEL IN
Code
620
FOAM TRANSPORTATION TUBES,
620 M LONG CODE_620 In the corridor of Shanghai Tower, two DN100 stainless steel tubes are installed from the 5th
floor underground to the 126th floor above the ground, with a total length of 620 m. They put up plenty of space for foam transportation for future fire rescues.
If a fire sparks in these super high-rise buildings, and the water cannot be successfully delivered to the fire place, it will be a big headache for firefighters. Fire control measures for super high-rise buildings should first be applied for self-rescue, and then make full use of external forces support to form a complete fire extinguishing system. The two foam pipes hidden in Shanghai Tower’s corridors are one of such effective fire protection measures. The two foam tubes extend from the 5th floors underground to the 126th floor above the ground, with a total length of 620 m, which equals two times the maximum height of the foam that a single fire truck can reach, ranking first in China. The density of foam is lower than that of water, so in the same magnitude of hydraulic pressure, foam can extend the range of upward rescue, which reserves enough ways for extreme fire in the high-air. Compressed air foam is a membrane foam group with a certain proportion of foam liquid, water and air mixed by mechanics. The foam is small and sticky, covering the surface of the fire and isolating the air, so as to achieve a purpose of flame-retardant and fire extinguishers. Once the fire occurs, these two foam pipes can successfully deliver the foam produced by the compressed air foam fire truck to the fire place in the high building, completing a task which couldn’t be done by a common fire truck.
Fire control measures for super high-rise buildings should first be applied for self-rescue
088
089
Code
620
FOAM TRANSPORTATION TUBES,
620 M LONG CODE_620 In the corridor of Shanghai Tower, two DN100 stainless steel tubes are installed from the 5th
floor underground to the 126th floor above the ground, with a total length of 620 m. They put up plenty of space for foam transportation for future fire rescues.
If a fire sparks in these super high-rise buildings, and the water cannot be successfully delivered to the fire place, it will be a big headache for firefighters. Fire control measures for super high-rise buildings should first be applied for self-rescue, and then make full use of external forces support to form a complete fire extinguishing system. The two foam pipes hidden in Shanghai Tower’s corridors are one of such effective fire protection measures. The two foam tubes extend from the 5th floors underground to the 126th floor above the ground, with a total length of 620 m, which equals two times the maximum height of the foam that a single fire truck can reach, ranking first in China. The density of foam is lower than that of water, so in the same magnitude of hydraulic pressure, foam can extend the range of upward rescue, which reserves enough ways for extreme fire in the high-air. Compressed air foam is a membrane foam group with a certain proportion of foam liquid, water and air mixed by mechanics. The foam is small and sticky, covering the surface of the fire and isolating the air, so as to achieve a purpose of flame-retardant and fire extinguishers. Once the fire occurs, these two foam pipes can successfully deliver the foam produced by the compressed air foam fire truck to the fire place in the high building, completing a task which couldn’t be done by a common fire truck.
Fire control measures for super high-rise buildings should first be applied for self-rescue
088
089
The double curtain walls can not only reduce the impact of outdoor the space between the two layers for landscape, with a greening rate of 33.33%. Meanwhile, the annual water consumption is about 245,994 m3, and the comprehensive water saving rate reaches 52.9%. Moreover, the use of wind energy can generate electricity more than 1,189,000 kWh per year; the VAV air conditioning system can reduce 50% of power consumption; the brightness light sensor
CODE _43 Shanghai Tower systematically integrates 43 environmental protection
and energy saving technology, which makes it the first green highrise building with “double certification” in China, and sets up a green benchmark for the international construction industry.
can save lighting energy consumption; the use of low volatile paint can monitor indoor air, and ensure fresh air volume changes with a concentration of carbon dioxide. The application of environmental protection technologies in Shanghai Tower has shown a greater impact on the green super high-rise buildings in Shanghai, China and the world.
In 2004, judging from the development trend of the world, Shanghai Tower confirmed the concept of sustainable development, and set the goal of the green building. After completion, Shanghai Tower systematically integrates 43 environmental protection and energy saving technologies, achieving 54% energy saving of energy consumption standard in China and 22% energy saving of the US standard, and becoming the benchmark for Chinese green super high-rise buildings. As the tallest green building in the world, Shanghai Tower hasn’t only become the first LEED-CS platinum building in the world of the buildings to reach higher than 400 m, but is also the world’s highest green building with “double certification” in China and the United States. LEED certification was put forward and established by the US Green Building Association (USGBA) in 1993. It is the most perfect and influential standard in all kinds of building environmental protection and green building assessments all over the world. The levels are certification, silver, gold and platinum, of which the platinum is the highest. The LEED-CS platinum certification means Shanghai Tower has reached the international advance level. As the highest green building in the world, many different places adopt a similar design between Shanghai Tower and traditional architecture. High-rise buildings have features of large, complicated facilities,
“Three-Star Certificate of Green Building The green building LEED-CS platinum certification awarded by the Green Design Label” awarded by the Ministry of Building Committee of the United States Housing and Urban Rural Development of China
indoor environmental quality system requirements, concentrated discharge load, and use of renewable energy constraints. For those characteristics, the green construction team adopt technologies for green buildings regarding saving land, energy, water and materials, indoor environmental quality and operations management. More than 90% area of Shanghai Tower has a good outdoor vision.
184
185
Code
on indoor, reduce the air conditioning and heating load, but also use
43
SETTING UP GREEN BENCHMARKS BY USING 43 ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGIES
The double curtain walls can not only reduce the impact of outdoor the space between the two layers for landscape, with a greening rate of 33.33%. Meanwhile, the annual water consumption is about 245,994 m3, and the comprehensive water saving rate reaches 52.9%. Moreover, the use of wind energy can generate electricity more than 1,189,000 kWh per year; the VAV air conditioning system can reduce 50% of power consumption; the brightness light sensor
CODE _43 Shanghai Tower systematically integrates 43 environmental protection
and energy saving technology, which makes it the first green highrise building with “double certification” in China, and sets up a green benchmark for the international construction industry.
can save lighting energy consumption; the use of low volatile paint can monitor indoor air, and ensure fresh air volume changes with a concentration of carbon dioxide. The application of environmental protection technologies in Shanghai Tower has shown a greater impact on the green super high-rise buildings in Shanghai, China and the world.
In 2004, judging from the development trend of the world, Shanghai Tower confirmed the concept of sustainable development, and set the goal of the green building. After completion, Shanghai Tower systematically integrates 43 environmental protection and energy saving technologies, achieving 54% energy saving of energy consumption standard in China and 22% energy saving of the US standard, and becoming the benchmark for Chinese green super high-rise buildings. As the tallest green building in the world, Shanghai Tower hasn’t only become the first LEED-CS platinum building in the world of the buildings to reach higher than 400 m, but is also the world’s highest green building with “double certification” in China and the United States. LEED certification was put forward and established by the US Green Building Association (USGBA) in 1993. It is the most perfect and influential standard in all kinds of building environmental protection and green building assessments all over the world. The levels are certification, silver, gold and platinum, of which the platinum is the highest. The LEED-CS platinum certification means Shanghai Tower has reached the international advance level. As the highest green building in the world, many different places adopt a similar design between Shanghai Tower and traditional architecture. High-rise buildings have features of large, complicated facilities,
“Three-Star Certificate of Green Building The green building LEED-CS platinum certification awarded by the Green Design Label” awarded by the Ministry of Building Committee of the United States Housing and Urban Rural Development of China
indoor environmental quality system requirements, concentrated discharge load, and use of renewable energy constraints. For those characteristics, the green construction team adopt technologies for green buildings regarding saving land, energy, water and materials, indoor environmental quality and operations management. More than 90% area of Shanghai Tower has a good outdoor vision.
184
185
Code
on indoor, reduce the air conditioning and heating load, but also use
43
SETTING UP GREEN BENCHMARKS BY USING 43 ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGIES
Code
500
GREEN PROCUREMENT RADIUS OF 500 KM
CODE _500 “Obtain raw materials locally, and at least 60% (by weight) of building
materials are produced from the construction site within 500 km.” This is one of the evaluation criteria of green building. Shanghai
Tower not only strictly follows the standard, but also raises the rate to an unprecedented 75%.
“Green building evaluation criteria” is one of the six standards of “material” for “green”, which says, “Obtain raw materials locally, and at least 60% (by weight) of building materials are produced from the construction site within 500 km.” As the world’s highest green building with “double certification” of China and the US, Shanghai Tower not only strictly follows the standard, but also raises the rate to an unprecedented 75%. According to the statistics, the energy consumption of construction and building operation and maintenance accounts for 30% of China’s total energy consumption, and 50% of the harmful substances (mainly CO2) that cause global warming are also generated. In traditional construction, the main goal is the pursuit of construction period, and saving resources and protecting the environment aren’t as important. When the construction period conflicts with resource conservation and environmental protection, it leads to resource waste
50
0
km
and environmental destruction. Obviously, traditional construction can’t adapt to new requirements of a modern green building green economy. How does Shanghai Tower stay green over the course of nearly eight years in construction? A green construction mode is adopted, emphasizing the construction and development of green that are important parts of the construction’s life cycle. Shanghai Tower adopts efficient use of resources at its core and environmental priority principle, in pursuit of high efficiency, low consumption, environmental protection, overall plan, realization of economic, social and environmental (ecological) comprehensive benefit maximization, recycling materials, and waste emissions control in the construction process, effectively saving on energy and reducing costs.
186
“At least 60% (by weight) building materials are produced from the construction site within 500 km”, which is one of the evaluation criteria for green buildings
187
Code
500
GREEN PROCUREMENT RADIUS OF 500 KM
CODE _500 “Obtain raw materials locally, and at least 60% (by weight) of building
materials are produced from the construction site within 500 km.” This is one of the evaluation criteria of green building. Shanghai
Tower not only strictly follows the standard, but also raises the rate to an unprecedented 75%.
“Green building evaluation criteria” is one of the six standards of “material” for “green”, which says, “Obtain raw materials locally, and at least 60% (by weight) of building materials are produced from the construction site within 500 km.” As the world’s highest green building with “double certification” of China and the US, Shanghai Tower not only strictly follows the standard, but also raises the rate to an unprecedented 75%. According to the statistics, the energy consumption of construction and building operation and maintenance accounts for 30% of China’s total energy consumption, and 50% of the harmful substances (mainly CO2) that cause global warming are also generated. In traditional construction, the main goal is the pursuit of construction period, and saving resources and protecting the environment aren’t as important. When the construction period conflicts with resource conservation and environmental protection, it leads to resource waste
50
0
km
and environmental destruction. Obviously, traditional construction can’t adapt to new requirements of a modern green building green economy. How does Shanghai Tower stay green over the course of nearly eight years in construction? A green construction mode is adopted, emphasizing the construction and development of green that are important parts of the construction’s life cycle. Shanghai Tower adopts efficient use of resources at its core and environmental priority principle, in pursuit of high efficiency, low consumption, environmental protection, overall plan, realization of economic, social and environmental (ecological) comprehensive benefit maximization, recycling materials, and waste emissions control in the construction process, effectively saving on energy and reducing costs.
186
“At least 60% (by weight) building materials are produced from the construction site within 500 km”, which is one of the evaluation criteria for green buildings
187
may feel more comfortable since the “terminal device for variable air volume” adjusts temperature according to the number of people indoors. responsible for transferring fresh air to each room. A terminal device for variable air volume is installed in each, adjusting the air supply volume
CODE_50%
according to the indoor temperature control, and then feedback to the
Compared with a fixed air volume system, the VAV (Varible Air
whole system to reduce the total air volume. Compared with a fixed air
dioxide fresh air control function, reducing energy consumption of air
carbon dioxide fresh air control functions can reduce energy consumption
more than 50% per year.
more than 50% per year.
Volumn) air conditioning technology with heat recovery and carbon
volume system, VAV air conditioning technology with heat recovery and
conditioners and average power consumption, can be reduced by
of air conditioners and the average power consumption can be reduced by
Office workers look forward to the office environment with its fresh air and temperature. To this end, they use various air purifiers and humidifiers to create an ideal work space. In Shanghai Tower, all those auxiliary equipments will be “laid off”, because some intelligent systems are implanted. You can enjoy the most suitable air and temperature without feeling hands-on, and feel a constant spring breeze. People may feel dizziness when they stay in a closed building for a long time, caused by increasing concentrations of indoor carbon dioxide. If the air is always in the indoor loop state and no fresh air enters, it is easy to increase the carbon dioxide concentration. Shanghai Tower adopts the latest VAV air conditioning system and adds a carbon dioxide concentration detector. Once the indoor carbon dioxide concentration reaches a certain standard, the ventilation system will immediately send fresh air outdoor into the room, which can achieve air efficient flow of indoor and outdoor. A carbon monoxide concentration detector is housed in the garage, where, when carbon monoxide reaches a concentration index, the system works to spread air ventilation. The fresher the air, the more comfortable people are. However, energy consumption increases at the same time. Considering this, detectors specially installed in Shanghai Tower can change the fixed fresh air volume to a fluctuation value. How can the intelligent control of appropriate temperature be achieved? Like many high-end commercial buildings, the air conditioning system of Shanghai Tower adopts the design concept of constant indoor temperature, that is, the air conditioners will automatically adjust temperature according to changes in indoor temperature, so that it will be kept in a constant range. However, compared with other business buildings, Shanghai Tower seems better, because its air conditioning system has a heat recovery device with a function of carbon dioxide fresh air control. People 188
The power consumption of VAV air conditioning technology can be reduced by 50% over the whole year
189
Code
There are several air conditioning units in each floor of Shanghai Tower,
50%
VAV AIR CONDITIONER SAVING 50% ENERGY
may feel more comfortable since the “terminal device for variable air volume” adjusts temperature according to the number of people indoors. responsible for transferring fresh air to each room. A terminal device for variable air volume is installed in each, adjusting the air supply volume
CODE_50%
according to the indoor temperature control, and then feedback to the
Compared with a fixed air volume system, the VAV (Varible Air
whole system to reduce the total air volume. Compared with a fixed air
dioxide fresh air control function, reducing energy consumption of air
carbon dioxide fresh air control functions can reduce energy consumption
more than 50% per year.
more than 50% per year.
Volumn) air conditioning technology with heat recovery and carbon
volume system, VAV air conditioning technology with heat recovery and
conditioners and average power consumption, can be reduced by
of air conditioners and the average power consumption can be reduced by
Office workers look forward to the office environment with its fresh air and temperature. To this end, they use various air purifiers and humidifiers to create an ideal work space. In Shanghai Tower, all those auxiliary equipments will be “laid off”, because some intelligent systems are implanted. You can enjoy the most suitable air and temperature without feeling hands-on, and feel a constant spring breeze. People may feel dizziness when they stay in a closed building for a long time, caused by increasing concentrations of indoor carbon dioxide. If the air is always in the indoor loop state and no fresh air enters, it is easy to increase the carbon dioxide concentration. Shanghai Tower adopts the latest VAV air conditioning system and adds a carbon dioxide concentration detector. Once the indoor carbon dioxide concentration reaches a certain standard, the ventilation system will immediately send fresh air outdoor into the room, which can achieve air efficient flow of indoor and outdoor. A carbon monoxide concentration detector is housed in the garage, where, when carbon monoxide reaches a concentration index, the system works to spread air ventilation. The fresher the air, the more comfortable people are. However, energy consumption increases at the same time. Considering this, detectors specially installed in Shanghai Tower can change the fixed fresh air volume to a fluctuation value. How can the intelligent control of appropriate temperature be achieved? Like many high-end commercial buildings, the air conditioning system of Shanghai Tower adopts the design concept of constant indoor temperature, that is, the air conditioners will automatically adjust temperature according to changes in indoor temperature, so that it will be kept in a constant range. However, compared with other business buildings, Shanghai Tower seems better, because its air conditioning system has a heat recovery device with a function of carbon dioxide fresh air control. People 188
The power consumption of VAV air conditioning technology can be reduced by 50% over the whole year
189
Code
There are several air conditioning units in each floor of Shanghai Tower,
50%
VAV AIR CONDITIONER SAVING 50% ENERGY
Tower, and it plays a more important role after continuous revision and optimization. Moreover, it is the first time this technology is used in such a huge and complex building. It is estimated that the successful application of the energy manager will save 10% energy again under the existing energy saving mode in Shanghai Tower. Is it possible to be elected as a “good manager in China”?
CODE_ 10% The energy system of Shanghai Tower is various and complicated, but under the optimal combination of an “energy manager”, 10% of the energy is saved again under the existing energy saving mode.
A triple supply system, ice storage system, ground source heat
Schematic diagram of cooperative work of energy manager systems
pump system…if you want to list all the energy systems of Shanghai Tower, it will be a long list. Combining these systems will lead to different combinations of energy utilization. In most cases, using the capacity of 30%~60% of the energy system can support the building’s normal operation. However, which plan is the most reasonable? At this time, you need a “super manager” to calculate energy consumption and give orders. It is the central power management system, abbreviated “CPMS”, also known as the “energy manager”. This “energy manager” can make a stable and reliable arrangement of various energy sources, providing the amount of cooling, heat and electricity required by various parts of the building, and optimizing the combination according to the characteristics of each system to achieve an optimal state of operation. According to different outdoor conditions, of load demand, equipment operation efficiency, time, energy price and other factors, the “energy manager” will formulate control indicators to achieve the best efficiency of energy input and output. For example, when the ice storage system runs, it is necessary to open the host to make ice during a low loading time, while closing or opening the double operating mode refrigerators in the peak time to ensure ice storage of the previous day can melt in the cooling of the next day. When the host is opened, it should work under the high load condition to improve system efficiency. The “energy manager” will collect, display, store and analyze data of the ice storage control system, and make operation commands for it. This intelligent manager is able to gain experience and accept inspections from the daily management and operation of Shanghai
226
227
Code
BEST ENERGY MANAGER
10%
10% ENERGY SAVING BY
Tower, and it plays a more important role after continuous revision and optimization. Moreover, it is the first time this technology is used in such a huge and complex building. It is estimated that the successful application of the energy manager will save 10% energy again under the existing energy saving mode in Shanghai Tower. Is it possible to be elected as a “good manager in China”?
CODE_ 10% The energy system of Shanghai Tower is various and complicated, but under the optimal combination of an “energy manager”, 10% of the energy is saved again under the existing energy saving mode.
A triple supply system, ice storage system, ground source heat
Schematic diagram of cooperative work of energy manager systems
pump system…if you want to list all the energy systems of Shanghai Tower, it will be a long list. Combining these systems will lead to different combinations of energy utilization. In most cases, using the capacity of 30%~60% of the energy system can support the building’s normal operation. However, which plan is the most reasonable? At this time, you need a “super manager” to calculate energy consumption and give orders. It is the central power management system, abbreviated “CPMS”, also known as the “energy manager”. This “energy manager” can make a stable and reliable arrangement of various energy sources, providing the amount of cooling, heat and electricity required by various parts of the building, and optimizing the combination according to the characteristics of each system to achieve an optimal state of operation. According to different outdoor conditions, of load demand, equipment operation efficiency, time, energy price and other factors, the “energy manager” will formulate control indicators to achieve the best efficiency of energy input and output. For example, when the ice storage system runs, it is necessary to open the host to make ice during a low loading time, while closing or opening the double operating mode refrigerators in the peak time to ensure ice storage of the previous day can melt in the cooling of the next day. When the host is opened, it should work under the high load condition to improve system efficiency. The “energy manager” will collect, display, store and analyze data of the ice storage control system, and make operation commands for it. This intelligent manager is able to gain experience and accept inspections from the daily management and operation of Shanghai
226
227
Code
BEST ENERGY MANAGER
10%
10% ENERGY SAVING BY