1 Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment Imogene King’s Theory of goal attainment is centered on achieving mutually set goals centered on a positive nurse-patient relationship. According to the theory, the nurse is perceived as a professional who helps patients and communities at large to achieve health-related goals. The patients represent the recipients of the healthcare services, while health is perceived as a dynamic practice subject to multiple factors, including personality, social, and other macroeconomic factors. Whereas the theory was developed during the 1960s, its relevance has been enhanced in the 21st century, especially in guiding patient-centered practice.
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2 The theory also emphasizes the interactions between the environment and the concept of health so that health is perceived as an open system that must constantly interact with the environment to achieve desired health goals. Analyzing and evaluating Imogene King's theory lays the basis for understanding how nurses can enhance the practice of psychiatric mental health nursing in the modern world of an increasingly diverse population. Analysis of Imogene King’s Theory King's theory is based on the three interacting systems, including the personal systems, the interpersonal systems, and the social system. The personal systems consist of the individual patients seeking in need of healthcare services. On the other hand, the interpersonal systems refer to the relationships between the nurse and the patients in the provisions and consumerism of healthcare services. The personal and interpersonal relationships apply in the context of the healthcare environment. King's theory is also centered on the concept of the attainment of goals, the nursing process, and patient-centered care. The theory posits that clear goals should govern healthcare. However, the patient must set the goals in liaison with the nurse. This aligns with the nursing duty of care centered on helping patients realize their healthcare goals and live a holistic life. The duty of care that nurses owe patients is also based on an effective nurse-patient relationship that allows them to implement and evaluate mutually agreed on goals. This expounds on the nursing process that is marked by a systematic guide to patient-centered care (). Evaluation of the Kings Theory King's theory provides a holistic approach to healthcare marked by a holistic approach to care, gals setting, trust-based relationships, and patient-centered care. The theory emphasizes the
3 importance of proper interactions between the nurse and the patient, manifesting in effective patient-based relationships. It also highlights the need to set goals mutually agreed on by the patients and the nurses. This v promotes patient-centered care where the interests and conditions of the patients are prioritized. The clear framework offsetting goals also enables patients to set specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound healthcare goals. Nevertheless, the use of King's theory in the nursing practice may be criticized due to subjectivity and individualized goal settings, which may vary subject to different nurses' skills and orientations. The process of a setting is also likely to be time intensive, considering that the nurse and the patients must work together to agree on healthcare goals. In nursing, consumers' resistance to change may also challenge the application of King's theory in the nursing context. This is a tendency to hold to traditional practices even in the face of evidence-based research. Nevertheless, the relevance of King's theory in the nursing practice must be considered in fostering patient-centered care and providing a holistic approach to care that emphasizes trustbased relationships between nurses and patients, and a holistic approach. Application of Imogene’s King’s Theory in Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Role. Application of King's theory in the psychiatric mental health nurse professional helps assess and diagnose patients. As explained earlier, the theory centers on establishing a nursepatient relationship based on trust and open communication. Applications of King's theory also help the practitioners guide the patients to seeing clear and attainable health goals such as proper management of stress, avoidance of stress, and establishing and maintaining a positive relationship.
4 Effective communications are also centric to psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners. This is guided by the Kings theory to build social rapport with patients, gain patient's trust, and facilitate the change process. The comprehensive, effective communications framework and trust-based relationships also facilitates evaluations of the efficiency of the patient-centered relationships and the progress toward attaining the predetermined goals.