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Table of Contents Session 1—Developing the Business Strategy Strategic Planning: The External Environment.............................................................
1-9
Significance of the Business Strategy .......................................................................................
1-9
External Environment: Seven Key Issues ..................................................................................
1-11
The Industries Dominant Economic Features ...........................................................................
1-11
Competitive Forces Analysis.......................................................................................................
1-15
Forces Driving Change ................................................................................................................
1-23
Market Positioning ......................................................................................................................
1-25
Market Competitors ....................................................................................................................
1-27
Determine the Enterprise’s Key Success Factors.....................................................................
1-29
Assess Industry Attractiveness and Profitability .......................................................................
1-32
Strategic Planning: The Internal Environment .............................................................
1-37
Assess the Current Strategy .......................................................................................................
1-37
Assess Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats ..................................................
1-41
Determine Price Competitiveness .............................................................................................
1-47
Assess Strength Relative to Competitors ..................................................................................
1-49
Manage Strategic Issues ............................................................................................................
1-51
Development of a Competitive Strategy .......................................................................
1-57
Types of Competitive Strategies ................................................................................................
1-57
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Session 2—The Global Environment and Sustainability The Global Environment .................................................................................................. 2-7 The Market Lifecycle and Strategy Evolution............................................................................ 2-9 Formative Strategy Issues ......................................................................................................... 2-13 Strategic Options for Market Entry ............................................................................................ 2-17 Techniques for Gaining Competitive Advantage ...................................................................... 2-21
Sustainability ................................................................................................................... 2-27 Principles of Sustainability ......................................................................................................... 2-27 Corporate Social Responsibility ................................................................................................. 2-27 Sustainable Management System Model ................................................................................. 2-41
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Session 3—Operations Strategy Developing the Operations Strategy .............................................................................. 3-7 Operations Strategy and Objectives .......................................................................................... 3-7 Product and Service Process Design ........................................................................................ 3-13 Design Process Objectives ........................................................................................................ . 3-17
Structure Choices ........................................................................................................... 3-27 Design Logic Model .................................................................................................................... Volume-Variety Requirements ................................................................................................... Process Types ............................................................................................................................. Process Layouts.......................................................................................................................... Process Technology .................................................................................................................... Job Design...................................................................................................................................
3-27 3-29 3-31 3-35 3-41 3-45
Infrastructure Choices .................................................................................................... 3-51 Organizational Design ................................................................................................................ 3-51
Performance Measurement Systems ............................................................................ 3-55 Integrated Performance Measurement .................................................................................... 3-55 The Balance Scorecard Concept ............................................................................................... 3-61
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Strategic Management of Resources
Session 4—Operations Strategy Choices and Financial Measurement Business and Operations Strategy ................................................................................ 4-7 Business Strategy ....................................................................................................................... 4-7 Role of Performance Objectives in Operations Strategy Choices ............................................ 4-15
Other Operations Strategy Issues and Choices ............................................................ 4-19 Process Layout Choices and Competitive Strategy................................................................... 4-21 Materials Planning and Scheduling ........................................................................................... 4-23 Capacity and Organizational Structure Issues .......................................................................... 4-25 Performance Measurements ..................................................................................................... 4-27 Case Study................................................................................................................................... 4-29
Financial Measurement ................................................................................................. 4-33 Cash Flow Statements ................................................................................................................ 4-33 Financial Statement Analysis ..................................................................................................... 4-39 Capital Investment ...................................................................................................................... 4-47 Absorption and Variable Costing ................................................................................................ 4-53
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Session 5—Aligning Operations with Supply Chain Partners Supply Chain Management ............................................................................................ 5-7 Supply Networks ......................................................................................................................... 5-7 Supply Chains ............................................................................................................................. 5-9 Supply Chain Management........................................................................................................ 5-11
Capacity Planning ........................................................................................................... 5-15 Large Versus Small Scale Operations and Facilities ................................................................ 5-15
Managing Supply Chain Relationships .......................................................................... 5-23 Purpose of Supply Chain Relationships……........................................................................... Arm’s-Length Transaction .......................................................................................................... Long-Term Partnerships ............................................................................................................. Disintermediation ....................................................................................................................... Outsourcing................................................................................................................................ Vertical Integration ..................................................................................................................... Supplier Reduction ..................................................................................................................... The Bullwhip Effect .....................................................................................................................
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5-23 5-25 5-27 5-31 5-33 5-35 5-37 5-39
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Strategic Management of Resources
Session 6—Infrastructure Systems Management ................................................................................................................... 6-7 Measurement Processes............................................................................................................ 6-7 Human Resource Policies and Practices................................................................................... 6-13
Quality—A Competitive Marketplace Requirement ...................................................... 6-17 Total Approach to Quality ........................................................................................................... 6-17 Creating Value for the Customer................................................................................................ 6-17 Quality Measures ........................................................................................................................ 6-23 Statistical Process Control ......................................................................................................... 6-29 Quality Management Systems and Awards ............................................................................... 6-31
Information Infrastructure.............................................................................................. 6-33 ERP Systems ............................................................................................................................... 6-33 Visual Management and Reporting ........................................................................................... 6-37
Deployment of Facilities and Equipment ...................................................................... 6-43 Facilities....................................................................................................................................... 6-43 Positioning of Equipment ........................................................................................................... 6-57
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Session 7—Change Management Implementing Strategy Through Change....................................................................... 7-7 Reasons For Implementing Change .......................................................................................... 7-7 Strategies For Change................................................................................................................ 7-9 The Change Process................................................................................................................... 7-11
Role of Leadership and Management............................................................................ 7-17 How to Lead Change .................................................................................................................. 7-17 Preparing for Change ................................................................................................................. 7-19
Risk Assessment and Mitigation ................................................................................... 7-23 Assess Potential Failures ........................................................................................................... 7-27 Preventing Failures..................................................................................................................... 7-37 Recovering From Failures .......................................................................................................... 7-39
Project Management For Change .................................................................................. 7-45 What Is A Project? ...................................................................................................................... 7-45 Project Phases ............................................................................................................................ 7-47
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Session 8—Case Studies Case Studies ....................................................................................................................8-7
Appendix Progress Check Answer Sheet ....................................................................................... A-1 Bibliography .................................................................................................................... Overview of APICS SMR Sourcebook.............................................................................
A-2 A-3
Index Index ................................................................................................................................ Index 1
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