Life in the Amazon Rainforest Written by: Emily P. Contafio, Social studies- 1st block Webb, Science- 3rd block
Introduction This book is a fiction book about the Amazon rainforest. A rainforest is a tall, dense, rainy, humid, jungle. The Amazon rainforest is located in South America, more specifically; Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, Guiana, and French Guiana. The Amazon is in the North, South, and West hemispheres. The Amazon is mostly wildness but it does have some human features in it, like the tribes. The Amazon is the one of the most beautiful places in the world but sadly, there is barely anything left. It has over 50% of the world’s plants and animals and most haven’t even been discovered and identified. The Amazon rainforest provides us with oxygen from the trees, wood, paper, medicines, food and rubber. But the way we get these things is very terrible. We have to cut down trees to get paper and wood. We have to kill plants to get medicine. When we cut down trees it means less oxygen and rubber. At the rate we are going, we will end up with no Amazon rainforest in 50-100 years. In this story you will learn new things about the Amazon rainforest.
Sam sat in class dozing off. He hadn’t gotten very good sleep the night before. Suddenly he sat straight up. His teacher had just said his two favorite words- Amazon rainforest. They were his favorite words because he loved to learn about the animals that lived there. He decided to tune in and listen to what the teacher had to say. She was talking about the contest that the kids had entered to win a trip to live with the Yanomami tribe for 1 whole month. They were an Indian tribe that lived in the rainforest. They aren’t the only ones who lived there. Other tribes do too. They are mostly Indian and Spanish tribes. All of them have been living in the rainforest for over a thousand years. Some tribes, like the Yanomami, are indigenous. Some people in the tribes are nomadic and they don’t have a permanent home, but they move around to different places. People in the rainforest don’t have cars or airplanes like we do. They get around by manmade roads, walking, and canoes. Their ideas are moved around by talking. One person will tell someone about their ideas and then that person will tell someone else and eventually it will make it to the outside world. Plus they use all the same ways that people use to get around to transport ideas. His teacher was about to announce the winner so he kept listening. “The winner is…” she said. The kid next to Sam made a drum roll noise causing the rest of the class to do the same. “SAM” the teacher announced. Sam was puzzled he had never won anything before and he finally won the one thing that he wanted most in the world. Sam got up from his seat and everyone applauded. Sam’s teacher gave him a certificate and told him to go to the principal’s office. So he took his stuff and said good bye to his classmates since it was 3 days away from the last day of school he knew he wouldn’t be coming back. When he got to the principal’s office she welcomed him in with a smile. When he stepped into her office he saw his parents. His dad who was a scientist was so happy. He couldn’t believe his son was going to the place he had studied for years. Finally they got settled and the principle said all the usual stuff. “Congratulations, blah blah, I’m sure it will be fun, see you next year, and keep us updated”. After a while and all his moms’ questions were answered they could leave.
When they got home Sam started packing. He packed mostly summer clothes because the rainforests average temperature is 79 degrees Fahrenheit. He also threw in a couple rain coats because the Amazon gets about 100 of rain per year! Isn’t that crazy? The Amazon rainforests climate is hot, rainy, wet and humid so he packed shorts, t-shirts, flip-flops and sneakers for when he was walking in rocky places. He decided to pack his favorite snacks just in case he didn’t like the food the Yanomami had. When Sam was done his father and him went to the store to get a camera to take pictures with, paper and pencils so he could write down what he saw, candles so he could see, and a portable fan in case he got too hot. When they got home he ran up to his room to pack that stuff to. He couldn’t wait to come back and tell all his friends about all the fun times he had. At dinner Sam had his favorite foods; fettuccine alfredo, and César salad. For desert they had his favorite desert, peanut butter pie. It was delicious. Sam was sad that this would be his last meal with his parents for 1whole month. After dinner his mom, dad, and him sat around the TV and watched all Sam’s favorite movies. At around 9 o’clock he was told to go to bed because he had to wake up early. So he did. When he woke up he went to the airport. He met the pilot and got settled in the plane. He said good-bye to his parents and finally he was ready to go. The pilot told Sam that the rainforest is at exactly 20 degrees south to 10 degrees north and 50 degrees west and 80 degrees west. They talked a little before they took off. The pilot took Sam to the cock pit. The pilot showed him two maps. (Land cover to the left and climate below) The pilot told him this- “This is a land cover map of the rainforest. The rainforest used to cover 14% of the worlds land, now it only covers 6% of the land, due to deforestation. Five centuries ago 10 million tribes lived in the rainforest now less than 200,000 live there. Men cut down trees every day and they end up killing plants, animals and people. People cut down trees for wood, paper, and many other things we already have and don’t need. Plants that may have the cure to cancer may be destroyed by deforestation and we will never know. People are destroying the rainforest by cutting down trees to make farms and buildings. And over time ecotourism will cause animals in the lakes to die too.” Sam was astounded. “Are people doing things to save the rainforest?” “Yes” the pilot said excitedly. “People have found many ways to conserve the rainforest. When people take things from the rainforest without harming the plants and animals it is called conservation. For example when someone gets the paste for rubber they cut a little strip of the tree, and the paste comes out without harming the tree. Conservation is also when people are trying to save the rainforest. Recycling is one way to
conserve the rainforest.” “Oh. What is that word you used earlier? Ecotourism?” Sam asked. “Ecotourism is tourism to places with unspoiled natural resources. That’s what we’re doing today.” “Oh. So it’s when people go to nature places that are a major attraction. But how does that harm the rainforest?” Sam asked. “Well when a boat goes into a river or lake that leads into the rainforest and the boat is leaking oil, it will kill the animals in the river or lake” he said.
“This is a climate map of South America” the pilot told him. “You should have looked at one of these when you were packing to know what to pack”. “Your right but by looking at it right now I think I packed the right things. So I don’t have to worry” Sam replied. “Alright well let’s get going” the pilot ordered”. So with that being said Sam went back to sit down. The pilot would be taking him to a South American harbor to get in a boat and to go to the rainforest. The flight would be a while so Sam decided to go to sleep. When Sam woke up he wasn’t flying anymore. He stood up and got out of the plane. When he got out he found the pilot talking to someone who looked like a sailor. Sam guessed that he was the guy who was going to be the one driving the boat that was going to take him to the rainforest. Sam walked up to them and the pilot introduced him to the sailor. Sam was right the sailor was going to be sailing them to the Amazon rainforest. Sam was shaking with excitement. He couldn’t believe he was almost at the rainforest. The sailor showed Sam the boat. It was just like a normal tourist boat. Sam didn’t mind though, he was ok with it. The sailor wanted to get going so Sam got into the boat and the pilot fallowed. Soon they were off. The ride would take about an hour so Sam took out a snack that was in one of his bags. He ate it and stared out the window. Soon Sam was told to go outside. So Sam did and when he got outside he was amazed. It was a beautiful thing to see. He was finally in the Amazon rainforest. After all the waiting he was finally there! The boat passed trees of every size. Birds were chirping and all the other animals were making their noises too. He could barely hear anything because all the animals were so loud. The boat went up to the side as much as it could, when they did this he saw an Indian man. He thought that he was one of the Yanomami tribe people. The sailor helped Sam and the pilot out of the boat. The pilot introduced Sam to the Indian man. “This is Bob. He is the Yanomami tribe leader. He will take you to their village. I can go no farther.” Sam said good bye to the pilot and told him that he would see him again when his 1 month was up. A couple minutes later the pilot left. “It’s great to meet you” Bob said. “It’s great to meet you too. I have wanted to visit the Amazon rainforest all my life” Sam told him. Bob told Sam to fallow him and soon they were deep in the rainforest. When they were finally at the camp he was astounded. He hadn’t known what to expect, but if he had expected anything it wouldn’t have been what he saw. There were houses were round, and looked like huts. There wasn’t anything metal. Everything was made from wood from the trees or stone. There were no wheels. “Why is everything wood and stone? “Because it is something easy to get. You just go into the forest and find everything you need. Now come this way and I will show you where you will be staying” Bob said. When they got into the hut he saw many people in there. He knew that the Yanomami tribe lived in shabonos (their houses) with many other families. The yanomami tribe lives in 40-200 people. They are an indigenous tribe and live in one place. The whole hut was made from things from the rainforest. The walls were wood and the ceiling was all leaves. “This right here is Tom. He’s the only kid your age in the tribe so, you’ll probably be with him a lot. I’ll be leaving now” Bob said. Bob left and Tom showed him where he would be staying. He had one little section all to himself. After Sam put his stuff down Tom told him it was time to go to lunch. They went outside of the hut. Tom brought Sam over to where the fire
was burning. He was handed a piece of meat. “What is it?” No one told him, so he just ate it. Sam thought it was good, but not really good. “Now can you tell me what it is?” “Its monkey” Tom told him. Sam was disgusted, but he still liked it. “Where did you get it?” “We went hunting earlier this morning” Tom told him. “I want to go” Sam said. “Next time” Tom replied. Sam couldn’t wait for the next time they went hunting. The next day there was supposed to be a funeral. Tom forced Sam to go. Tom told Sam he didn’t have to get all dressed up, so he didn’t. When they went out of the hut Tom led Sam over to the fire. They stood there for a minute; Sam guessed it was a moment of silence to remember the dead man. After that someone took the sheet
that was over the body and the body and through it in the fire. When the body was done burning a little boy through a couple of buckets of water on the fire and the fire went out. Someone went up and took the bones out of the fire. The man then started to whack the bones with something that looked like a hammer. When he was done the bones were crushed to powder. Then the man took the powder and put it in a little bowl. He then gave the bowl to lady who put her mouth to the edge of the bowl. “What is she doing” Sam asked. “She’s the dead man’s wife and his loved ones have to drink some of his bones” Tom told him. “Why?” “So the man can be with her forever. It’s our culture, or tradition. Everyone does it and it’s something our whole tribe does.” The lady passed on the bowl to a little girl who drank some of the powder and then passed it on to the little boy. He did the same. Sam figured that they were his children. Sam was taken aback, he never that someone would do that. But it was their culture. Soon the funeral was over and they all went back to their huts. “Hey Sam!” Bob hollered running up to Sam and Tom. “We’re going hunting and collecting tomorrow, you want to come with us?” “YES” Sam yelled with excitement. “But what’s gathering?” “It’s when we collect plants and vines for food. What did you think we, only had meat every day for every meal?” “No. I just didn’t know what it was” Sam said. They talked a little longer and then it was time for dinner. They had monkey again and some water. They also had some plants that Sam didn’t know what it was, but he still ate it anyways. After dinner everyone went to bed. It had been a sad day remembering that man who died. Sam never did learn his name. That night Sam couldn’t fall asleep when he saw something swinging on the trees. It was about the size of a finger. He walked over to the tree and looked super closely to the tree. He saw a teeny tiny monkey. It was a pygmy marmoset. He had sharp nails and was about 20 centimeters tall. He lived in the understory of the rainforest and swung from the tiny little branches or twigs coming out of the tree. Sam knew that the pygmy marmoset was a rare monkey. He was honored to be near it. He had learned so much about the pygmy marmoset monkey that he was surprised to see what it really was like. He knew it was small but he never imagined they were as small as the one he was seeing now. “What are you doing pygmy monkey?” Sam asked. “I’m moving around so the snakes in the rainforest won’t eat me. Snakes are carnivores. Did you know that? They are my
predators but it’s hard for them to get me because I’m so small. My daddy just let me and my brother off his back and I have to leave and prove to him that I can live in the rainforest alone” He answered. “What do you mean that your daddy let you and your brother off his back?” “That’s one of the ways that we pygmy monkeys live in the rainforest. It’s called an adaptation. It’s a characteristic or action that we have that helps us survive and reproduce. Our dad carries us until we are old enough to survive alone. Now I have to go and find a hole in the tree to sleep in. That’s another adaptation too. Will I see you again?” He answered eating a bug. Pygmy monkeys also eat fruits, berries, and small reptiles. That means that they are omnivores “I don’t know if you I will see you again. I’ll be living in a couple weeks but, I might see you around before that.” Sam told the monkey. “Alright bye!” The pygmy monkey kept swinging along the twigs trying to find a hole. After that Sam finally went back in to the tent and tried to go to sleep. The next day Sam and Tom and all the other men woke up early to go hunting. Some ladies were up making breakfast for them all. Sam didn’t eat anything because he was so excited. After some people ate everyone left. Sam couldn’t wait, it would be the first time he had ever hunted. The older men took bow and arrows. When they got far enough into the forest they all split up and went separate ways. Each man got 2 kids to help them hunt. Sam and Tom both went with Bob. They went east. Sam and Tom were to look for animals that they could shoot. Then they were to tell Bob and they would try to get the animal. After a couple minutes of walking in silence Sam finally found a monkey. He whispered to Bob that he found one. Bob then told them to stand still. Bob took an arrow and put it in the bow. He pulled back the arrow and it shot out of view. Sam heard something get caught in the branches like it was falling and couldn’t reach the ground. He thought that it was the monkey that they were aiming at. Bob climbed up the tree to where that something was stuck in the tree. He proceeded to untangle the animal and then climbed down the tree. When he walked over to Sam and Tom they saw the monkey. Sam was so proud that the first time he went hunting they actually got something. After a couple of hours they had only two monkeys and one baby anteater. Sam was so sad because his favorite animal was an anteater and he felt even worse because it was a baby one. They decided to head back to the tribes home. On the way back home Sam and Tom stopped to look at a plant. It was on the forest floor. It was a pacific bleeding heart flower. Even though they stopped Bob didn’t and kept on going. The flower looked just like it would seem, it was shaped like a flower but at the bottom it had a little hole where something like a raindrop would hang. Sam knew that the liquid was poison so he told Tom not to touch it because he didn’t know what the poison would do to them. The flower was pretty small and was in clusters of more pacific bleeding heart flower. The flowers habitat is on a stream or river bank, so that meant that they were near a river or stream. Neither of the boys touched the flower. “Hello men. What are you up to today?” the flower asked. “Ummm… Nothing we are headed back to our camp grounds from hunting. We saw you and stopped. What are you doing today?” Sam said. He was surprised that the flower could talk. He knew that some animals could talk (Not all of them could) but he didn’t know that flowers did too. “I’m just sitting here. You know, I have a pretty good life. I have no predators besides you humans. You only use me for good though. You see, I am a medicinal plant. That means that I provide you with medicine. I am in pain relief medicine, but even though I am used for good that doesn’t mean that humans can kill us.” “I am very sorry. When I go back home to America I promise that I will try to get people to help save the rainforest and all the plants and animals in it” Sam said. “Why thank you. Well you guys should get going. Weren’t you with an older gentleman?” The flower asked “Yes” Tom answered. “Why.” “Because he is no longer here” the flower told Sam and Tom with a chuckle. Sam and Tom both stood up quickly and looked around.
No one was there. It was just Sam, Tom, and all the plants and animals. For the first time this whole trip Sam got really scared. Tom suggested that they head in the direction of the tribes camp, but the problem was neither of them knew where it was. Neither of them had been looking around when they were hunting and Tom had never been this way before. They both had to admit that they were lost and they had no idea where to go. “Let's go this way” Tom said pointing left. Sam thought it was a smart decision because he knew to the right was the river or stream and that behind them was where they had just came from. They headed left. They walked for about 3 hours before it started to get darker. It was starting to cool down, but it was still hot because the Amazon rainforest is near the equator. They walked a little farther and then they decided to sit down and rest. Sam slid down the side of a tree and sat down. He was terrified. Tom did the same thing on the tree directly across from Sam. They sat in silence for a while. All you could hear was the animals and the rain falling from the sky. Finally Tom spoke up. “You know this isn’t so bad. Know you can actually figure out what it is like to live in the wild and not with a tribe. Plus we can do things that we have never done before.” “Yeah but if we never find the Yanomami then I will never get to go back home” Sam complained. “Well I bet that we will meet another tribe some time and then they can help us find my tribe and then we can make arrangements to get you home. So never get your hopes down” Tom told him. “And the good thing is that I stole some of Bobs monkey and that means that we won’t have to hunt for a while if we make it last.” Sam didn’t say anything. They sat in more silence until Sam said “Well what are we going to do for the time being?” It took Tom a while to answer but he finally did. “I know. We can find Savannah!” “Who’s she? And how will that help us survive and find your tribe?” “Savannah is my sister. Me and her went to separate tribes when we were little and I haven’t seen her since. If we find her then her tribe can help us find my tribe and I will get to see her!” Tom answered. “Fine. First thing tomorrow we will try to find her. But don’t get your hopes to high. You know the Amazon rainforest is pretty big and it will be hard to find her” Sam told him. Tom didn’t say anything and just slouched against the tree. After a while of silence Sam heard Tom start to snore, and he decided to go to sleep too. Sam awoke early the next morning. Tom was already awake. They each took 4 bites from the monkey that Tom had cooked earlier. Sam thought it was delicious. After they got everything together again they started to walk in the direction they had headed in the night before. They went through this same routine everyday for 4 days. On the night of the 4th night Sam laid down. After a while he heard something digging. He sat up and found a giant anteater digging a hole a couple feet away from him. Tom seemed to have notice too. The anteater was pretty big (hence the giant in its name). He had a long nose and long and sharp claws. It looked like he lived alone. Sam knew that the anteater always lived on the forest floor. They walked over to the animal and said hello to it. The anteater wasn’t frightened by them he just turned around and looked at them like they were aliens. “What are you up to?” Tom asked the anteater. “I’m digging a hole for me to sleep in. My claws were made for that. And to dig into ant piles so I can get food.” When the anteater talked Sam noticed that his tongue looked like it was sticky. He guessed it was easier for the anteater to get food if his tongue was sticky. Sam knew that the anteater was eaten by Jaguars and other large cats. “Oh. Well sorry to bother you, but do you happen to know if there are any tribes around here?” Tom asked the anteater. “Yes there is one a little while away from here. I’ll show you where tomorrow. I have to finish digging this hole and then find some prey. I eat ground-dwelling ants, occasionally termites, army ants, fruit and larvae.” (This is a food web with some animals in the rainforest in it).
With that Tom and Sam went back to their sleeping spots. Sam couldn’t sleep so he stayed up a while longer. The anteater came back from getting some ants. Sam noticed that he walked on his knuckles so it was good that the soil was soft. He crawled into his hole and wrapped his tail around him and went to sleep. Sam soon followed. When they awoke they were surprised to find that the anteater was still there. Sam and Tom ate the rest of the monkey and the anteater hunted up some ants. Then they started to walk. After about 30 minutes of walking they had to stop and go around a dead monkey that was lying in their path. The monkey’s carcass was almost fully decomposed by the decomposers of the rainforest. Some decomposers are like mushrooms or worms. They break down dead organisms and germs. Without them the earth would be a pile of dead bodies. They moved on quickly. They kept going. Every once in a while Sam would looking up at the foliage to see all the different types of animals that lived up there. He had learned about every layer of the rainforest. The forest floor is the very bottom. It is obviously the ground. The forest floor is very dark because the leaves from trees do not let much sunlight through. Some animals that live on this layer are giant anteaters, and bugs. Not many plants are grown on the forest floor. After that is the understory. The understory is still dark but has more sunlight than the forest floor does. Jaguars, red-eye tree frogs, and other large cats are some of the animals that live on this level.
This level is all trunks and small twigs and vines. Then comes the canopy layer. There are mostly smooth oval shaped leaves. Some animals that live there are snakes, toucans and frogs. Last but not least is the Emergent layer. It is the very top of the rainforest, about 200 feet above the ground. There is much sunlight there. Some animals that live there are harpy eagles, monkeys, bats and butterflies. Sam kept going.
They kept walking for a little while longer before they sat down to rest. Sam leaned against a tree and Tom sat underneath the one across from Sam. Sam looked up at the tree and saw something special about it. It was a small dense tree with heart shaped fruits. It had purple flowers. Sam studied it a little bit longer and realized what kind of tree it was. It was an Annatto tree or otherwise known as the lipstick tree. The tree only grows in frost free climates and in rich soiled areas. Sam went up to it and pulled off one of the fruit things from it. The fruit was bright red and when Sam picked it off the tree it stained his fingers red. “This type of tree gives us a lot. It is used for spices, food coloring, dye, and to remove mucus” Sam told Tom and the anteater. “I wonder where it gets its food. I wonder where every plant gets its food, because it can’t just get up and go hunt for food” Tom said. “It gets its food from energy. It goes through a process called photosynthesis where the plant takes energy from the sun and makes it into food for itself. This makes it a producer. “Alright well we have to get going if we won’t to get there by tonight” the anteater told them. So Tom stood up and Sam dropped the fruit and they went on their way. They walked for about 4 more hours until they got to the tribes camp ground. The whole trip Sam and Tom had followed the anteater and risked their chances of getting even more lost, but it all paid off. They had made it to a tribe’s camp mostly safe and sound. They were just a little starved. But it was all good. “I have to leave you now. I can go no farther” the anteater told them. “You are safe now and need my assistance no more.” Sam and Tom didn’t want him to leave but they both knew that they would have to say good bye eventually. So they all said good bye and the anteater left, his long tail trailing behind him. Sam and Tom turned around and walked into the tribes territories. They stopped one man and asked him where they good find the tribe leader, and he pointed them straight ahead. They also asked what tribe this was and he said Machiguenga. All the houses were made from wood and leaves from the rainforest. The camp was pretty big. Sam knew a little about the Machiguenga tribe. He knew that they were and isolated tribe and lived in large extended families. There camps were spread out over 400 square miles. Sam could smell fires burning for dinner. Him and Tom walked towards the direction they were told. They passed a fire on the way and could see some meat being cooked. It was obvious that they ate the animals and plants that were found in the rainforest. Everyone was dressed in simple homespun tunics. The men had a ‘V’ neck and all the women had a straight neck. Sam knew that one of their traditions was that all pregnant women can only eat fish and Yuca and nothing else. Sam and Tom had to ask one more person where their tribe leader was and it turns out the man they asked was the tribe leader. “Who are you?” he asked them. “I’m Tom and this is Sam. I am from the Yanomami tribe and he is staying with us for a while. We got lost and need to get back home. But first is there a possibility that there is anyone in your tribe named Savannah?” Tom asked. “Savannah? Yes. I will show you. Come with me.” Sam had a feeling that this man was not so bright but they followed him anyways. They walked for about 5 minutes and then they came to a halt. “This is Savannah” The man said pointing at a girl. They girl looked puzzled. “Are you savannah?” Tom asked just to make sure. “Yes, who are you?” she said. She sounded a little scared to Sam. “I am Tom, your brother” Tom said. “TOM” Savannah yelled surprised. “I never thought I would see you again. It’s been so long. How did you find me?” Tom replayed the whole story with some help from Sam. “Oh my! You must be hungry. Come in I will make you some food.” She practically pushed them into her hut. When they got in they were surprised. There was probably about 20 people living in the hut, and the hut wasn’t that big. They sat down on a
makeshift bed and Savannah gave them some food. It was so good to have a real meal for the first time in about a week. After they finished with their dinner Sam felt really tired. Savannah gave up her bed just for Sam and Tom. They tried to refuse but she insisted. So Sam and Tom laid down and quickly fell to sleep. When they woke up the next morning they went straight to see the tribe leader. The tribe leader decided to take a risk and to help find the Yanomami tribe. Sam and Tom were to go with 5 other men in the forest immediately to find them. Sam didn’t get his hopes up because he didn’t know where they were supposed to be going. Sam and Tom were told to eat as much as they could because the trip might take a couple of days. Tom and Savannah were forced to say good bye. Savannah told him that he was welcome any time. But Tom doubted that he would be coming back soon. After they said good bye they left. It had been about 2 since they were told they were leaving and those had been the longest 2 hours that Sam had ever had. He could not wait to get back to the Yanomami and feel safe again. They walked for 5 hours till they had to stop to go to sleep. On the way back Sam met a blue morpho butterfly. The butterfly was flying in the canopy when Sam spotted it. It flew down for him. The butterfly was an herbivore so it stopped for a bite off a leaf on the way back up. Sam also met a green tree frog that used camouflage to blend in with the leaves. The whole trip took 4 days and Sam saw many beautiful things that he never noticed the first time. Sam was staring to love rainforest even more than he had in the first place. He couldn’t believe that there was so many organisms in one place. When they got to the tribes camp they were overwhelmed with hugs from people that Sam didn’t even know. They found out that everyone pitched in trying to find the two boys and that they had held a funeral for both boys after they 6th day. Sam also found out that they hadn’t even told his parents yet, because they hoped Sam was out there somewhere. And they were right. He had been out there somewhere. That night Sam and Tom were both were given tons of food. Sam had never eaten some much food in his life. And even though it all came from the rainforest it was still good. That night Sam thought about leaving early but decided not to. He stayed the rest of the time he was supposed to. He still went hunting with Tom every once in a while but not often. When the day finally came for him to leave Sam and Tom were both devastated. They had grown so close the past month, closer than Sam had ever been with any of his friends. Sam said good bye to everyone and told them that hopefully he would return someday. When they rainforest was no longer cut down, when the Yanomami’s world was at peace and nature was no longer threatened.
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