SPARS FOR WIND TURBINE ROTOR BLADES
AWARD WINNING
SPARS
Lower material cost and weight Less production time and space Constant quality through continuous production
A DOUBLE PLUS
Acrosoma速 3D-stitched panel
Unstitched sandwich panel
There is absolutely no possibility of skin delamination because Acrosoma速 Panels stitch the two skins through the foam core, which results in a high buckling resistance. Due to the fact that the Acrosoma Panel is produced in a continuous, computer controlled process, the quality has more than doubled compared to hand lay-up or VaRTM, which significantly reduces the safety factor for buckling.
FOR BUCKLING RESISTANCE
Panels that cannot delaminate
The size of wind turbines will further increase with the development and installation of off-shore wind turbines. Longer blades result in the requirement for new materials and new production methods. The use of currently available materials and present production methods have almost reached the limits of their technical capabilities and straight forward up-scaling is no longer the solution for the future development of wind turbines. The advantages of standard sandwich panels are their very high bending stiffness, high strength and low weight. However, they are made in hand lay-up or VaRTM and have imperfections, and this causes delamination under buckling forces. Safe structural design of standard sandwich panels as sparring, leads to a higher weight and consequently a higher cost. Designing the spars with Acrosoma速 panels, will lead to the use of less material due to a combination of a higher delamination resistance, a high quality and an absence of impurities.
SPARS IN
CONTINUOUS LENGTHS
Advantages of the Continuous Production Process: - The Acrosoma Panel can be made in every length desired. - The infeed allows various combinations of resin (vinyl ester and epoxy) and fibers (carbon, aramid and glass) during the production process. - The strict monitoring of the Panel during the entire production process allows the panels have a constant quality over its entire length. - This process allows production of large quantities.
Spars can be cut out with only a 12% loss.
KEEPING WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION
Bending deformation in function of length Conventional composition Acrosoma composition
The composition of spars can be very complex with variation in foam thickness and fibre lay-ups. Feasibility studies have shown, however, that the replacing the complex spars by Acrosoma 速 panels, which have one composition and thickness over the entire length, result in the same weight distribution and bending stiffness. With hand lay-up or VaRTM as a production method, this composition may be relatively easy to handle, but will result in loss of quality, a longer production time and a larger production space when used in mass production.
AND BENDING STIFFNESS EQUAL
Weight distribution in function of length
Conventional composition Acrosoma composition
The Acrosoma® Production Process is a continuous process which results in several advantages: - Lengths of 60 meters and more are within reach. - The tapered form of the spar can be cut out resulting in spars that can be made in one piece. - A constant quality can be assured because the production process is kept simple and easily controllable. The Acrosoma® production machine has a capacity of 150m² per hour (= 250.000 m² per year).
WEIGHT AND COST REPLACING CONVENTIONAL SPAR Weight and prices per m² panel based on standard comparable panel composition materials Conventional spar
AcrosomaÂŽ 3D 3D-stitched spar
weight
cost
weight
cost
foam core
12%
17%
12%
17%
fibres
32%
18%
32%
18%
resin
56%
37%
56%
37%
labour
7%
2%
additional production material
20%
0%
depreciation equipment
1%
20%
total buckling resistance
100%
100% 100%
100%
94% 133%
Replacing a conventional spar by an Acrosoma Spar, respecting the weight distribution, leads to no weight reduction, but more importantly to a direct manufacturing cost saving of 6%. This replacement will therefore result in extra indirect assembling cost cutting, and the need of a significantly smaller production area.
IMPROVEMENT REDESIGNING CONVENTIONAL SPAR Weight and prices per m² panel based on standard comparable panel composition materials Conventional spar
AcrosomaÂŽ 3D 3D-stitched spar
weight
cost
weight
cost
foam core
12%
17%
12%
17%
fibres
32%
18%
22%
14%
resin
56%
37%
27%
13%
labour
7%
2%
additional production material
20%
0%
depreciation equipment
1%
20%
total buckling resistance
100%
100% 100%
61%
66% 100%
When Acrosoma is involved in the design of the blade from the very beginning, the composition of the spar can be optimized. This will result in a much more significant weight and cost saving. This new spar design will also result in extra indirect assembly cost cutting, and the need of a significantly smaller production area.
CONNECTIONS TO THE BLADE
SKIN
Different connections from spar to skin with glued-on pultruded profiles are possible.
OPTIONAL LENGTH SPLIT-UP
Spar in several pieces of each 13.5m is possible through a “click connection”.
“Click” connection system
Two pultruded profiles are bonded to the spar parts and connect the spar pieces to one long part.
OTHER PANEL APPLICATIONS
The application of Acrosoma速 panels is also possible in the construction of nacelles, especially as Acrosoma is also involved in the construction of towers.
Weight [kg/m²]
Bending stiffness per mm panel [GPa mmÂł]
Edgewise compressive strength [MPa]
Lengthwise
Widthwise
Lengthwise
HD60
9
9.400
8.500
55
CV2
9
37.200
17.000
35
AAM
18
56.500
56.500
180
Different panel compositions are possible. HD60, CV2 and AAM are given as examples. Please consult the Acrosoma Engineering Department for any application.
FEA,
FEA results using ABAQUS
Acrosoma has developed an in-house methodology to calculate the behaviour of the Acrosoma structures in various load cases. • 3D CAD-modeling using CATIA V5 • FEA using ESAComp and ABAQUS combined with Acrosoma methodology With this methodology, Acrosoma engineers are able to integrate different densities of fibers in ABAQUS and make various simulations. Even combinations with customized blade mesh models are possible. A first consultation is free.
TESTING,
QUALITY CONTROL
An Instron machine is used to accurately check the properties. These results are continuously reported back to the FEA.
With fiber optic sensors and own test bench, large structures are tested with a force of up to 450kN at 3Hz.
Dimensional control of Acrosoma structures using a Nikon Metris laser radar.
TOOLING STRUCTURES
Support for INVAR egg box moulds
Transport frame for shells.
Acrosoma can offer the suited transport frames, the tooling structures for transport and assembling frames for large composite structures, thanks to the Airbus A350XWB program where Acrosoma provided the transport frame for the shells.
TEMPORARY ROAD MATTING
The experience in an airfield matting-program, resulted in the development of panels for temporary roads. These panels are reusable, interlocked, light weighted and very strong. Weight: 18kg/m² Resists 120 bar on a CBR/6 soil. Panel dimensions: 1,2 meters x 2,4 meters