FROM GREY TO PUBLIC HONG KONG GATEWAY 2.0
FACT SHEET
From Grey to Public Hong Kong Gateway 2.0 SUBMISSION CATEGORY
Please select one of the following:
If student project, please indicate:
The Region: Metropolis, City and Town
Undergraduate
graduate
Neighborhood, District and Corridor
Individual
Group
Block, Street and Building
Check all those that apply to your entry:
Project Cost (op�onal):
N/A
Public policy program Temporary installa�on
Civic Uses (indicate type and size):
Regional/town plan
Railway Terminal, Bus Terminal, Subway Sta�on, Ferry, Coliseum
Transit-oriented development Incorporates universal design principles
Parks/Open Space (indicate type and size):
Infill/previously developed sites
3.2 Acre Deck park above traffic tunnel; 1.3 Acre Linear Bioswale Street; Waterfront Promenade
Incorporates and meets AIA2030 Challenge Greenfield/previously undeveloped site
Number of Residen�al Units:
Placemaking plan (exclusively public space, civic buildings, or infrastructure)
Qualifies for other LEED cer�fica�on – if so, list here ENTRY MATERIALS AND IN-DEPTH INSTRUCTIONS
Has your plan been adopted or your project broken ground?
Adopted Broken Ground
Scenario one: 8,500; Scenario two: 12,500
4700 Public Housing Units Residen�al Unit Types:
Public Housing High-rise Apartments; Tradi�onal Hong Kong low rise Mixed-use housing
Retail, Office, Industrial Square Footage:
Office - Scenario one: 4.2 M sq�; Scenario two: 2.7 M sq� Transect zone(s) (op�onal):
N/A
Neither If neither, why?
N/A
167 Acre
PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS
Qualifies for LEED-ND cer�fica�on – if so, which level?
Es�mated date of comple�on, if applicable:
Land Area (in acres):
Emerging Project?
Includes affordable/subsidized /social housing – if so, how much?
What percentage has been built/implemented?
N/A
Student thesis project
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
PROJECT KEY WORDS Grey Transportation Infrastructure, Urban Brown Field, Transit-Oriented-Development, High Density Metropolis, Urban Renovation, Waterfront, public open space, Boulevard,
GREY INFRASTRUCTURE REMOVAL MOVEMENT In recently 20 years, we have seen more and more cities started transforming or removing the grey infrastructures in their urban areas. Boston spent 15 years to put the whole central artery underground and built a linear park on it. After the success of Embarcadero Freeway Removal Project, San Francisco is planning to take down more freeways. Seoul is more radical, they already removed 15 freeways following the demolition of the Cheonggye Freeway. Other precedents are London, Barcelona, Chicago, Seattle, Toronto, Madrid, etc. All these model cities have proved that the removal or transformation of grey infrastructures doesn’t necessarily result in unacceptable negative impacts. On the contrary, they will generate more vibrant and popular urban experiences. Thus, it’s time to give the cities back to the citizens. I believe this kind of grey infrastructure transformation projects might be an important part of urban designers’ job in the future.
HONGKONG BACKGROUND As one of the densest metropolises in the world, Hong Kong has long been suffering serious consequences resulting from a vast shortage of housing units as well as public open space. For the past 100 years, Hong Kong's main urban developing strategy was to gain developable land from massive land reclaimation projects. However, since late 20th century, Hong Kong people started a Harbor Protection movement
which successfully stoped most of the lands reclaimation projects in the recent 20 years. However, as housing crisis and open space crisis getting worse, without the land reclaimation, Hong Kong needs to explore a new method to generate developable land. Transforming those massive grey infrastructures might be one possible direction.
SITE OPPORTUNITIES Hung Hom Railway Terminal and Coliseum area is Hong Kong's transportation and cultural hub. Besides, it is also a important waterfront area that will connect West Cowloon waterfront to Kai Tak new town. The existing Hung Hom Railway Terminal and Coliseum area is full of massive transportation infrastructures and brown fields. The Elevated bypass blocks the area from the harbour. The open-pit Cross Harbour Tunnel Entrance generates noise and air pollution everyday. However, in September of 2018, a new high speed railway terminal will open in the West Kowloon District. The government predicted that the traffics in Hung Hom area will drop for at least 25%, which provides us an opportunity to rethink all the massive grey infrastructures and brown fields in this area.
PROJECT GOALS The author intended to use an urban design practice in Hong Kong to further investigate and prove the possiblity to transform existing grey infrastructures into more vibrant and pleasant urban places at Hong Kong's waterfront at the same time generating more developable land for the use of green public space as well as housing.
DESIGN CONCEPT AND STRATEGIES Main design strategies being investigated including: 1/Transforming once single-function Grey infrastructures into multi-function green infrastructures. 2/Reclaiming land from unnecessary grey and brown space, generating more developable new land. 3/Removing the barrier between inland area and the harbor, bring people to the waterfront. 4/Blancing the existing giant open space scale with small human scale spaces. 5/Introducing more diverse programmings, creating a lively urban place.
QUOTES "About 90% of Hong Kong people use public transit to commute everyday. However, there are still so many useless freeways. It's really ironic that as the most Public Transit Oriented City in the world, the city form is not TOD enough..." An associate professor of Hong Kong University
"Everyday I go to school, I have to walk on the pedestrian brige that crosses more than 20 lanes of vehicles at the Cross Harbor Tunnel Entrance. And the smell and the noise is really annoying..." A undergraduate student of Hong Kong Polytech University
RESPONSE TO CHARTER PRINCIPLES
The project is located at the center of Hong Kong's waterfront area. Before design, the area is already fully developed. The design proposal is aiming at transforming the existing massive transit grey infrastructures (elevated bypass, openpit cross harbor tunnel entrance, bus terminal, railway tracks) into developable land. While most of the existing landuse & buildings other than grey infrastructures are mostly preserved (Principle 4) .
All transformation of grey infrastructures are based on traffic studies. For the two major infrastructures: elevated bypass and cross harbor tunnel entrance, the designer comes with two different solutions. For the bypass, it's transformed into a 6 lanes boulevard that can hold the traffic volume. For the harbor tunnel entrance, I created a green deck to cover the noise and pollution while still maintained the same volume below the deck. (Principle 22)
When repairing the urban form, the designer reserved the previous urban pattern (linear grey infrastructure space) (Principle 6) (Principle 14), transorming these linear space into parks (Principle 18), housing developments and new human scale street networks.
At last, the new gateway 2.0 will become a more identifiable landmark area along Hong Kong's waterfront. The bypass that cuts the area from the harbor is removed. Two highrise towers are located at the two sides of the coliseum. These three buildings will form the identity. Besides, the unprecedent new deck park is also unique (Principle 25).
When looking at the new deisgned urban form, there are several north-south corridors which connect the old town area in the north to the transit hub area in the middle, to the waterfront area in the south. At the same time, the northsouth urban form also allows preveiling wind from the harbor to come into the inland area, providing better micro-climate for the neighborhoods (Principle 26). Since the site is still a major transit hub, the designer optimized the station area. The bus terminal is relocated to the deck above the subway station with some TOD mixeduse towers. Besides, a new glass roof is designed to connect the existing railway terminal, existing subway station and new bus terminal into an integrated transit hub. For the elevated bypass, according to the traffic study, the existing traffic volume can be solved by a ground level boulevard. Thus the bypass is transformed into a boulevard with bike lanes and slower vehicle flows (Principle 8). The whole design area can be genrally divided into serveral districts from north to south (Principle 11): new affodable housing area (3500 units), new campus area (including Poly U expansion, an elementary school and railway academy school), transit hub area (railway terminal, new bus terminal, subway station ), deck park area (park above cross harbor tunnel entrance), gateway plaza (two towers, shopping mall and civic plaza), waterfront promenade and new waterfront residential towers (more than 6000 units). All of these areas are within 15 mins' walking distance(Principle 12) (Principle 16).
Principle 4/ Infill development within existing urban areas conserves
environmental resources, economic investment, and social fabric, while reclaiming marginal and abandoned areas. Metropolitan regions should develop strategies to encourage such infill development over peripheral expansion.
Principle 6/ The development and redevelopment of towns and cities should respect historical patterns, precedents, and boundaries. Principle 7/ Affordable housing should be distributed throughout the region to match job opportunities and to avoid concentrations of poverty. Principle 8/ The physical organization of the region should be supported by
a framework of transportation alternatives. Transit, pedestrian, and bicycle systems should maximize access and mobility throughout the region while reducing dependence upon the automobile.
Principle 11/ Neighborhoods should be compact, pedestrian friendly, and
mixed-use. Districts generally emphasize a special single use, and should follow the principles of neighborhood design when possible. Corridors are regional connectors of neighborhoods and districts; they range from boulevards and rail lines to rivers and parkways.
Principle 12/ Many activities of daily living should occur within walking distance, allowing independence to those who do not drive, especially the elderly and the young.
Principle 14/ Transit corridors, when properly planned and coordinated, can help organize metropolitan structure and revitalize urban centers. In contrast, highway corridors should not displace investment from existing centers. Principle 16/ Concentrations of civic, institutional, and commercial activity should be embedded in neighborhoods and districts, not isolated in remote, single-use complexes. Schools should be sized and located to enable children to walk or bicycle to them. Principle 18/ A range of parks, from tot-lots and village greens to ballfields
and community gardens, should be distributed within neighborhoods. Conservation areas and open lands should be used to define and connect different neighborhoods and districts.
Principle 22/ In the contemporary metropolis, development must adequately accommodate automobiles. It should do so in ways that respect the pedestrian and the form of public space. Principle 25/ Civic buildings and public gathering places require important sites to reinforce community identity and the culture of democracy. They deserve distinctive form, because their role is different from that of other buildings and places that constitute the fabric of the city.
Principle 26/ All buildings should provide their inhabitants with a clear sense of location, weather and time. Natural methods of heating and cooling can be
.
more resource-efficient than mechanical systems
SITE LOCATION
KA
IT AK
CHINA
WALK OF FAME
CR
V
IC
TO
W
N
R EA MA ) O s H cre NG HU (167 a
TORI A
BO R A H
U
R
OM HUNG H EL R TUNN HARBOU
OS WES S T HA CO RB WL OU OO R N TU NN EL
I ZU E A D SH NA E M I M TS RO P
W
CROSS
ITY OUR C HARB G CENTER PIN SHOP
OON COWL W E S T L D IS T R IC T RA C U LT U
HK
NE
Public Green Space Dillema
PUBLIC OPEN SPACE DILEMMA OF HONG KONG
SINGAPORE 66 ㎡
Hong Kong is a city lacking of developable land.
TORONTO 43 ㎡
SEATTLE 40 ㎡
BOSTON 30 ㎡
LONDON 27 ㎡
SAN FRANCISCO
NEW YORK CITY
MADRID
BEIJING
HONG KONG
25 ㎡
23 ㎡
14 ㎡
13 ㎡
1.5 ㎡
The housing units are never enough, let alone public open space. When compared with other big cities in the world, Hong Kong's green space per capita is only 1.5 ㎡ . As a result, most activities are happening indoors. Regarding outdoor activities, many people can only spent their leisure time on different bridges. High quality public open space is urgently needed.
EXISTING CONDITION
Hung Hom area was originally called Hung Hom Bay. The whole area was under water 40 years ago. In 1960s, it was selected as the location of Hong Kong's railway terminal and the entrance of a Cross Harbor Tunnel. As time passed by, this area has become a area full of grey infrastructures as well as some high density residential buildings.
7 8 6
But in September of 2018, a new high speed railway terminal will open in the West Kowloon District. The government predicted that the traffics in Hung Hom area will drop for at least 25%, which provides us an opportunity to rethink all the massive grey infrastructures and brown fields in this area.
5
8
2 1 8
3
Regarded as one of Hong Kong's musical and cultural landmark, the Coliseum plays a vital role to form the identity of the area.
The existing freight pier was built in 1970s, when the railway terminal served as an important freight terminal. The government already has a plan to relocate the pier to other place in order to transform it into a waterfront open space.
East Hung Hom area are severval high density residential neighborhoods. All buildings look the same.
4 Freight Pier
1 Hong Kong Coliseum Norman Foster designed Railway Terminal has been Hong Kong's only railway terminal for the recent 40 years. It connects mainland China to HK. It's also the joint station of HK's west and east MTR rail. 2 Railway Terminal
3 Cross Harbor Tunnel Entrance
4
The existing bus terminal is at the north of the railway terminal. Built in 1970s, it didn't consider much about pedestrian's experience. Besides, the location of the terminal resulted in a complex bus circulation surrounding the railway terminal.
7 High Density Neighbourhood Hung Hom Bypass is elevated to connect the ground level to hub deck level. The active lanes are only 4 lanes. The traffic volume is not high.
5 Bus Terminal Cross Harbor Tunnel Entrance is located between HK Poly U and the hub deck area. It's one of the two Cross Harbor Tunnels that connect Kowloon and HK Island. The other tunnel is located in West Kowloon District, where the new hige speed rail terminal is.
Below the elevated bypass, most space is occupied by parking lots or industrial use. Not efficiently used.
6 Parking Lot Below the Bypass
8 Elevated Bypass
EXISTING TRANSIT STATIONS
EXISTING STREETS to ka i
tak
on
wlo l ko
to
tra cen
to north kowloon
To Main Land China To Central Kowloon
to north kowloon
Rail
way
to hong kong island
Ra
Sub wa y
ilw ay Te rm
ina
Su
bw ay S
tat io
l
HK
n
n
o kowlo ntral to ce Co
lise
um
Entrance to the Hub Elevated Freeway
loon
kow ntral to ce
ong
Three stations sit on a deck above the railway tracks.
To Tsim Sha Tsui Promenade
EXISTING LANDUSE
Main Road
to h
kon g
Tunnel Entrance
isla
to tsim sha tsui promenade
Ferry
nd
Bus Terminal
EXISTING DISTRICTS & NEIGHBORHOODS
W at er
fro
Old Town
nt
Residential
Old Town
POLY U
Wa ter f
ron t
Brown Field
Tranportation Hub Poly U Cross Habor Tunnel Entrance
Coliseum Brown Field
Commercial
FOOTPRINTS 29% (79 acres)
OTHER 12% (33 acres) PUBLIC GREEN 5% (15 acres)
POLY U
Transportation Hub + Coliseum
MINOR STREETS 13% (36 acres)
Brown Field MT INFRASTRUCTURE 29% (79 acres)
BROWN FIELD 18% (48 acres)
Commercial
Elevated bypass, railway tracks and cross harbor tunnel seperate neighborhoods
N 0m
300m
SPECIAL SPECIAL SPACES SPACES
Existing Footprints
Public Green Space N
N 0m
100m
0m
300m
100m
300m
Transit Hub AXO
Ped
Vehicle Circulation D
D
TO W
N
Market Street Area
OL
OL
D OL TOW D TO N W N
OL
Proposed Footprints
Bioswale
Transit Hub HubArea Area WindTransit Corridor
Green Green Space SpaceSystem System Footprints D OL TOW D N OL TOW D TO N W N
Block BlockPattern Pattern
100m
ER
M
M
CO
Deck Park
N
Existing Land
OL
MASTERPLAN MASTERPLAN MASTERPLAN
C
ER
M
M
CO
New Developable Land
TO W
C
ER
M
M
CO
IA L EN T
IA L
RE SID
EN T
RAILWAY TERMINAL RAILWAY TERMINAL RAILWAY TERMINAL
POLY U MAIN CAMPUS
Railw Railw ay ay Term Teina rmina l l
POLY U DORM
Colis Coeu lism eum
POLY U DORM
Roof Roof Garden Garden
BUS TERMINAL
POLY U MAIN CAMPUS
POLY POLY U POLY U U DORM DORM DORM
RAILWAY TERMINAL
POLY POLY U POLY U U MAIN CAMPUS MAIN MAIN CAMPUS CAMPUS
POLY POLY U U DORM DORM
RAILWAY TERMINAL
POLY POLY U U MAIN MAIN CAMPUS CAMPUS
RE SID
RE SID RE EN SID TIA EN L TIA L
RE SID RE EN SID TIA RE E L SID NTIA EN L TIA L
Camp Camp us us
ng
isti
COLISEUM COLISEUM COLISEUM
COLISEUM COLISEUM
L L L IA CIA CIARC ER ER E M M M M M OM CO CO C
L L CIA CIA ER ER M M M M CO CO
L
Proposed Deck Deck Park Park Footprints
Preveiling Wind Corridor
Existing Existing Land Land
Existing Footprints Bioswale Bioswale
Proposed Footprints
100m 100m
0m
300m 300m
Market MarketStreet StreetArea Area
OL 0m
16
0m100m 100m 100m
N
D OL TOW D TO N W N
RE SID RE EN SID TIA EN L TIA L
(2 lanes (2 lanes single single direction) direction) Secondary Secondary Street Street (1 lane (1 lane single single direction) direction) Neighborhood Neighborhood Street Street N 0m
0m
100m 100m
N
300m 300m
12
5
2
17
Main Main Pedestrian Pedestrian Circulation Circulation Secondary Secondary Pedestrian Pedestrian Circulation Circulation N 0m
0m
100m 100m
N
Residential: Residential:12,300 12,300units units Commercial: Commercial:1,750,000 1,750,000sqft sqft
7
Scenario Scenario11 9
New NewGreen GreenSpace: Space:2222acres acres(deck (deckpark: park:5.5 5.5acres) acres)
8
Deck DeckPark ParkArea Area
11 Tu Tu nn nn el el En En tra tra nc nc e e
BusBus Term Term inalinal
Programming ProgrammingScenario Scenario22
ntr
an
ce
PolP y ol Uy U
Park Park
10 units Residential: Residential:8,500 8,500 units Commercial: Commercial:3,260,000 3,260,000sqft sqft
Term
inal
U
Park
3.53.5 mm
6 m6 m
Side Side Walk Walk
Landf CommercialLandf ormorm
al al Commerci Commerci
FerFer ry ry
Education: Education:558,000 558,000sqft sqft Retail: Retail:950,000 950,000sqft sqft
8 m8 m Prome Prome nade nade
Ferry
Park Park Deck Deck
Light Light SkySky
N
Isl to HK to HK Tunnel Tunnel
New NewGreen GreenSpace: Space:2222acres acres(deck (deckpark: park:5.5 5.5acres) acres)
to Kowloon to Kowloon Tunnel Tunnel
Deck DeckPark ParkAXO AXO Scenario Scenario22
3 m3 m
Pavilio Pavilio n n + + Bench Bench
U U Poly Poly
Park Park
(More (MoreMixed-use) Mixed-use) 11
lE
Boule Boule vard vard
New Green Space: 22 acres (deck park: 5.5 acres)
Scenario 2
Scenario 2
Park
FerFer ry ry
Retail: 950,000 sqft Waterfront Waterfront AXO AXO
Retail: Retail:640,000 640,000sqft sqft
New
Poly
Education: 558,000 sqft 18
6 Education: Education: 558,000 558,000sqft sqft
Commercial
Programming Scenario 2
Commercial: 3,260,000 sqft
19
Reta
Bus
Pier Pier ArtArt
Residential: 8,500 units
(More (MoreHousing) Housing)
Educ
1. Railway Terminal 2. HK Coliseum 3. New Bus Terminal 4. Deck Park 5. Market Street 6. Gateway Plaza 7. Observation Building 8. Waterfront Stage Waterfront WaterfrontPromenade PromenadeSection Section 9. New Ferry Terminal Deck Park AXO 10. Art Pier 11. Hung Hom Promenade 12. New Commercial 13. Poly U Expansion 14. Middle School 15. Railway Academy 16. North Mixed-use 17. Canal Street 18. Waterfront Mixed-use 19. Boulevard ne
ge ge StaSta
300m 300m
Programming ProgrammingScenario Scenario11
Com
Key
Tu n
ing ing uilduild n Bn B atioatio servserv Ob Ob
(More Mixed-use)
Resi
Side Side Walk Wa
Vehicle Vehicle Lane Lane
Deck Park Area
de de na na me me ProPro ing ing uilduild n Bn B atioatio servserv Ob Ob
Promenade Promenade
4
Side Side Walk Walk
Bio-swale Bio-swale
New Green Space: 22 acres (deck park: 5.5 acres)
Scenario 1
(Mo
Waterfront AXO
Retail: 640,000 sqft
Pro
300m
Market MarketStreet StreetSection Section
Education: 558,000 sqft
RAILWAY TERMINAL RAILWAY TERMINAL
(4 lanes) (4 lanes) Boulevard Boulevard
L L CIA CIA ER ER M M M M CO CO
Residential + Retail
L L CIA CIA ER ER M M M M CO CO
100m
Commercial: 1,750,000 sqft
COLISEUM COLISEUM
1
0m
Waterfront WaterfrontArea Area
RE SID RE EN SID TIA EN L TIA L
3
Art Pier
ry
Residential Residential: 12,300 units
OL
D OL TOW D TO N W N
OL RAILWAY TERMINAL RAILWAY TERMINAL
13
COLISEUM COLISEUM
ge
Sta
Fer
(More Housing)
POLY POLY U U DORM DORM
New
Scenario 1
ing
uild
nB
atio
serv
Ob
Reta
ing
uild
B tion
a
serv
Ob
Educ
n
me
Programming Scenario 1 Market MarketStreet StreetAXO AXO
POLY POLY U U MAIN MAIN CAMPUS CAMPUS
POLY POLY U U DORM DORM
Com e ad
N
ale ale -sw-sw Bio Bio
useuse ed-edMixMix
300m 300m 300m
15
Polytech Univ. BUS TERMINAL BUS TERMINAL
0m
N
Pedestrian PedestrianCirculation Circulation 14
Resi
IA L N
Vehicle VehicleCirculation Circulation
(Mo
EN T
N
300m 300m
300m
Pro
RE SID RAILWAY TERMINAL
(2 Footprints lanes single direction) SecondaryProposed Street Proposed Footprints (1 lane single direction) Neighborhood Street Existing Existing Footprints Footprints
ER
M
M
CO
(4 lanes) BoulevardPreveiling Preveiling Wind Wind Corridor Corridor
Existing Existing Footprints Footprints
100m 100m
100m
Pro
ers ers ow ow a Ta T nti nti ide ide es es + llR+ R ll Ma Ma Main Pedestrian Circulation ng ng isti isti Secondary Pedestrian Ex ExCirculation
L
CIA
Proposed Proposed Footprints Footprints
0m
0m
Market Street AXO
RE SID RE EN SID TIA RE E L SID NTIA EN L TIA L
BUS 0m
ale
-sw
Bio
Transit TransitHub HubSection Section
Street Hierarchy
rs rs we we To To tia tia en en sid sid Re Re ll + ll + Mga Ma g n n isti isti Ex Ex
COLISEUM
L L IA CIA ER
C C ER ER M M M M M OM CO CO C
N
Mixed-use
300m
POLY U DORM
TERMINAL RAILWAY TERMINAL RAILWAY TERMINAL RAILWAY TERMINAL
RAILWAY TERMINAL RAILWAY TERMINAL
L
IA
Railway Railway Platform Plat
N
Waterfront Area
POLY U MAIN CAMPUS
POLY POLY U POLY U U DORM DORM DORM
COLISEUM COLISEUM COLISEUM
COLISEUM COLISEUM
id
es
+R
D
D OL TOW D N OL TOW D TO N W N
RE SID RE EN SID TIA EN L TIA L
Hung Hom Old Town
L L CIA CIA ER ER M M M M CO CO
100m
Transit TransitHub HubAXO AXO
Footprints Wind Corridor Pedestrian&Circulation
POLY POLY U POLY U U MAIN CAMPUS MAIN MAIN CAMPUS CAMPUS
POLY POLY U U DORM DORM
POLY POLY U U MAIN MAIN CAMPUS CAMPUS
0m
300m 300m 300m
tin
is Secondary Street (2 lanes single Ex direction)
N
OL
D OL TOW D TO N W N
OL
POLY POLY U U MAIN MAIN CAMPUS CAMPUS
0m100m 100m 100m
all
gM
Boulevard (4 lanes)
Neighborhood Street (1 lane single direction)
N
Green Space System Vehicle Circulation Wind Wind Corridor Corridor
Footprints Footprints
Masterplan
0m
Subway Subway Platform Platform
ow aT
ti en
Promenade
0m
New Generated Developable Land (86 acre)
N
ers
Concourse Concourse Level Level
TO W N
0m
N
Railway RailwaS Garden Garden
Existing Footprints
Public Public Green Green Space Space N
C ER
M
M
CO
New New Developable Developable Land Land
N
ow aT
nti
ide
es
+R
Public Public Pool Pool
L
IA
M
M
CO
ll Ma
Park Park
BusBu srm Te Teina rmina l l
IA
C ER
Ex
COLISEUM
COLISEUM
ers
BusBus Terminal Terminal
0mSection Deck DeckPark Park Section
150m
500m
TRAFFIC STUDIES (COMPARED WITH STREETS IN THE BAY AREA) (The data was collected between 6-7pm on Tursday, May 31, 2018) In order to understand the traffic volumes in the site area. I compared the traffics there with traffics in the Bay Area, US. The conclusion may support that certain traffic volumes don't really need elevated bypass the carry. The Cross Harbor Tunnel Entrance is a big transportation infrastructure which generates a lot of noise and air pollution to the surounding neighborhoods. The design strategy is to create a green deck to cover the tunnel. As to the Hung Hom elevated bypass, the traffic volume is not very high when compared to other on ground streets. The design strategy is to turn it into a boulevard at the ground level
BAY AREA TRAFFIC COUNT Shattack Avenue, Berkeley (6:30pm, June 5, 2018)
2 lanes/direction
29 cars/min
Octavia Boulevard, SF (6:30pm, June 6, 2018)
2 lanes/direction
33 cars/min
Market Street, SF (6:30pm, June 8, 2018)
2 lanes/direction
39 cars/min
Embarcadero Boulevard, SF (6:30pm, June 12, 2018)
3 lanes/direction
49 cars/min
SITE TRAFFIC COUNT Cross Harbour Tunnel Entrance: Tunnel: 4 lanes, Toll: 15 lanes Normal Hours: 57 cars / min
Rush Hours: 118 cars /min
Hung Hom Bypass: Active Lanes: 4
Normal Hours: 15 cars / min
Rush Hours: 37 cars / min (Volume similar to Shattack)
TRANSIT HUB AREA DESIGN
Ca
mp
us
Office
Railw
ay Te
rmina
l
Roof Park
Colise
um
Office
Bus Terminal
Bus T ermin
al
Glass Roof
Office Public Pool
Public Space
Subway Station
Transit Hub Area
An Integrated Public Transit Hub
Transit Hub Section
Railway Station
Railway Platform
COLISEUM AREA DESIGN
Retail
Corrid
or
Colise
um
Traditional Retail Retail Public
Coliseum Area
Gatew
ay Pla
Corrid
& Offi
or
ce
za
Office
Retail Corridor Axo
A Traditional Way To the Harbour
WATERFRONT PROMENADE DESIGN
d
var
ule
Bo
ge
Sta
Art Pier Fer
Promenad e
ry
Waterfront Area
Embracing The Harbor
Vehicle Lane
3.5 m
Sidewalk
Waterfront Promenade Section
6m
Landform
3m
Shading
8m
Promenade
DECK PARK DESIGN Rail
way
Bus
Term
inal
Coli
seu
Term
m
inal
Park Offic
Pavilion
e
Dec
k Pa
Ploy U
rk
Office
Ferry
Tunnel to Kowloon
Deck Park Area
Tunnel to HK Island
Deck Section
An Escape From the Urban Chaos
SECTION OF THE DECK PARK & CROSS HARBOR TUNNEL ENTRANCE
Residential & Mixed
Campus Area
Railway Terminal
Coliseum
Waterfront
Bus Terminal 9m Green Deck 9m Elevated Viaduct
Slope
0m Tunnel
0m Toll Station
0m Ground
Slope
-9m Under Water Tunnel
PROGRAMMING SCENARIOS
Total Study Area: 167 acres New Gernerated Land: 86 acres New Green Space: 22 acres (deck park: 5 acres)
Scenario 1: More Mixed-use
Scenario 2: More Housing
Residential Commercial Retail Education Transportation Recreational
Residential Commercial Retail Education Transportation Recreational
Residential: 8,500 units (60 ㎡ /unit)
Residential: 12,500 units (60 ㎡ /unit)
Commercial: 4,200,000 sqft
Commercial: 2,700,000 sqft
Retail: 95,000 sqft
Retail: 65,000 sqft
CONCLUSIONS & LESSONS LEARNED
Gateway 1.0 Grey & Brown & Single Function
In nowadays' background of global big cities' housing crisis, lacking of land and urban sprawls, we need to rethink how to use our urban land more efficiently. Engineering can't solve all the problems, the collaboration between different diciplines becomes more and more important. The design proposal is aiming at using an urban renovation project to transform a place once full of single-function grey infrasctures into a place where the space is more efficiently used. The mixed-use is one of the most important concept in this proposal. The integration of three transit stations and the public space will provide pedestrians better transfer experience. The introduction of the green deck will solve two problems at the same time: covering the noise of Cross Harbor Tunnel Entrance and provide more high quality green space that Hong Kong people really need. The removal of the elevated bypass is more like a trend of the modern cities. In this way, we can bring people to the waterfront, let them enjoy the soul of Hong Kong. To summarize,
Gateway 2.0 Green & Public & Mixed Use
for a high density city like Hong Kong, the space should be designed for people, not for cars. The pulic transit system will play a more important role rather than private cars.