Common Rail Diesel Engines.
Short Description
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The common rail in a diesel engine is a way of distributing fuel to the injectors from a high pressure pump as well as providing storage for the fuel. The pressure in the rail and the injection timing is electronically controlled by the ECU and EDU.
How It Works Summed Up!!!! ď ľ
The first step in the system is delivering fuel to the high pressure rail, this is done by the high pressure pump at a pressure of around 2000bar. The fuel pump has a meter unit used for fuel delivery control. The injectors are the main component within the system and they have quick switching pressure regulated solenoid valves. This means there's high injection pressure, short intervals between injection and integrated high pressure volume. This results in better economy, efficiency, emissions and less noise. The ECU contributes to high precision of the injection, controlling the high pressure pump as well as the injectors.
Components • Fuel Filter: This is used to keep the fuel clean. • Supply pump: delivers fuel to the high pressure pump. • High pressure pump: Supplies high pressure fuel to the common rail. • Pressure sensor: Monitors system pressure. • High pressure control valve: Electronically controls pressure generated from the pump. • Common rail: This is used to stored and deliver fuel to the injectors. • Injectors: Atomises fuel into the cylinder. • ECU: Controls both sensors and actuators throughout the system.
Glow Plugs and Injectors
Glow Plugs- Glow plugs are used within a diesel engine to heat up the cyclinder and this provides the bang in the combustion chamber which in effect powers the vehicle.
Theses are different to petrol engine spark plugs because a spark plug ignites the fuel and air mixture via a spark, whereas glow plugs heat up the mixture in order to ignite it.
Injectors – Piezo Crystal injectors are used within diesel engine instead of normal injectors, as they use piezoelectric technology to open and close at extremely high speeds and precision to inject fuel into an internal combustion engine.
Component Images
Fuel Filter
Common Rail
ECU
High Pressure Pump Glow Plug
Fuel Injector
Pro’s and Con’s Advantages
Flexibility
Lower engine noise
Better C02 emissions
More efficient
Disadvantages • None its awesome.
FIINNNNNNNNNN!!