Title
Author
Issuu
Date Read
TABLE OF CONTENTS Examining the Album Embracing Love & Emotion Manhood & Masculinity Sex & Sexuality Black Women, Their Work, & Misogynoir Gender Fluidity Black Nationalism & Colonialism Wealth & Capitalism Black Fatherhood Black Mental Health & Wellness 4:44 and Novels 4:44 and Musical Peers * denotes a film or a documentary
Contributors CORE TEAM MEMBERS Anthony Boynton
COLLABORATORS Brandon Alston
Anthony J. Williams Daniel Johnson Henry Washington, Jr.
Neal Carter Jourdan T. Pittman Isaac A. Sanders Reggie Cunningham Adam Carnegie Jameelah Jones Fred Mason Whitney Sewell Joel N. Jenkins Terrance Thomas William Jamal Richardson Jarred Bowman
Graphic Designers Corey Pilson Matthew Wright Alton peques
Introduction 4:44 is a testimony of Jay-Z’s relationship with megastar Beyoncé, a response to her 2016 Lemonade, and an apologetic reflection of his damaging infidelity and lessons learned. This album’s autobiographical nature forces us to wrestle with the continual harm we as Black men perpetuate. A verbal apology is not enough. Collective work must be done to mend brokenness and unlearn actions that tear apart our homes and communities. The 4:44 Syllabus is a living document created by Black people across the spectrum of gender representation who were inspired by the labor of Black women - their emotional, spiritual, physical, and intimate labor on our behalf. Thissyllabus provides nearly 200resourcescompiled by a community of over 30 people tohelpusunpackthealbum’scontent. This syllabus is a purposefully communal effort. We have compiled audiovisual and written works that examineJay-Z’salbum. The sources cover topics including, but not limited to, Black men’s relationship to masculinity, emotional availability and vulnerability, maturity, sexuality, Black capitalism, and parenthood. Our communal work is hopefully a call for self-accountability, self-reflection, and self-work that is necessary to healing ourselves and our communities of violence perpetuated out of unchecked toxic masculinity. It is our intent that this work will be widely shared. It is our hope to uplift the work already happening, while inspiring new conversations and unlearning among communities of Black men. We strive to do the difficult, emotional work to unlearn toxic systems of domination that have never served or loved us. We hope to do our own work to move closer to collective healing and liberation. This is not intellectual flexing or some internally circulated homage to our personal knowledge. Nor is it to be used to pat ourselves on the back for being some of “the good ones.” This is a contract to do better, to be better, collectively. In peace and light, Anthony Boynton Curator
Examining the Album Jay Z’s introspective and deeply personal album prompted widespread critical responses upon its release. The album is a beautiful work of art, featuring samples and collaborations that not only spoke to Jay’s master musicianship, but also to his knowledge of--and appreciation for--music across genre and time. Jay also delivered the high caliber of lyricism that his listeners have come to expect. The featured authors’ analyses make clear that Jay offers a raw, vulnerable perspective on what it means to be black, male, American, and socially conscious in this dire political moment. His perspective requires engagement of us too. From notions of forgiveness and infidelity to his reflections on black fatherhood, black mourning and that bomb-ass Nina Simone sample, 4:44 is memory, reflection, and healing.
“Kill JAY-Z, they’ll never love you/You’ll never be enough, let’s just keep it real, JAY-Z/Fuck JAY-Z, I mean, you shot your own brother/How can we know if we can trust JAY-Z?”
Examining the Album Title
Author
General Overview and Lyrics
Genius.com
Let Us Not Wait: a Black Male Feminist Response
Anthony Boynton
JAY-Z Broke Down The Meaning Of Every Song On 4:44
David Renshaw
The Politicization of Jay-Z
Greg Tate
On ‘4:44’, maleness, and the performance of the public apology
Jenn M. Jackson
Four, Forty-Four: On Black Masculinity, Emotional Maturity and Vulnerability
Terrance A. Merkerson
I Missed The Part When It Stopped Being About…
@_VerSashii
‘Kill Jay Z’ Music Video: What Jay-Z told directors about cheating on Beyoncé and how the filmmakers tackled his most personal song ever
Tufayel Ahmed
4:43 4:44 Sends an Important Message About Black Male Vulnerability
Candice Benbow Frederick Slayers
4:44 The Post-Script
Joshua L. Lazard
Date Read
Notes
4:44 and Narratives of Blackness Several tracks on the album allow us to discuss the transgenerational “negro problem,� both from their perspective and ours. He tackles the systemic barriers and social obstacles black folks have confronted and fought against since their arrival, by force, on the shores of the Americas. Jay further articulates the beauty in blackness and power of collective resourcing in black communities for self-empowerment. We must also ask ourselves if Jay’s messages regarding Black billionaires apply to Black folks in the hood and beyond. The readings that follow offer opportunities to reflect on the traumatic histories of anti-black racism while simultaneously affirming the strength of black people and multiplicity of their identities.
4:44 and Narratives of Blackness Title
Author
Your Average Nigga
Vershawn Ashanti Young
Black in Middle America
Roxanne Gay
Reclaiming the Photographic Narrative of African-Americans I Reconnected To My Blackness Through Hoodoo
James Estrin
Black Nerds: Being Bullied by Your Peers As A Kid Is Not An Excuse for Anti-Blackness Undoing Racism & Anti-Blackness in Disability Justice I’m Not Your Token: Refusing to Internalize Other People’s Bigotry
Donyae Coles
Hari Ziyad Lydia X.Z. Brown
Toni Bell
No, Black-Only Safe Spaces Are Not Racist
Cameron Glover
Black, LGBT, American: Laverne Cox
Laverne Cox
Postmodern Blackness
bell hooks
Unveiling the Blackness of Hijab Black is… Black ain’t*
Vanessa Taylor Marlon Riggs
Date Read
4:44 and Narratives of Blackness Author
Title Between the World and Me
Ta-Nehisi Coates
I Am Not Your Negro*
Raoul Peck
A Question of Color*
Kathe Sandler
Ethnic Notions*
Marlon Riggs
Color Adjustment*
Marlon Riggs
Date Read
“Light nigga, dark nigga; faux nigga, real nigga / Rich nigga, poor nigga; house nigga; field nigga” “Legacy, legacy, legacy, legacy / Black excellence, baby”
Notes
Embracing LoVe & Emotion Most men are socialized from birth into complete disregard for their emotions. They are told to “man up”, to put on their “big boy clothes”, and to never cry. Black men in particular often perceive this emotional apathy as a necessary way of coping. It is a shield to deal with the pervasive physical violence and emotional terror they can expect to experience throughout their lives as a result of the pathologizing ideas in the public imagination of “thug,” “Mandingo,” and “nigga.” Yet these ideas and behaviors can materialize as violent reactions and emotional immaturity as those men grow into adulthood. These texts reflect on the importance of emotional intelligence, challenging men and masculine identifying folks to embrace the full range of their emotional capacities in service of building healthier relationships with themselves and others.
Embracing LoVe & Emotion Title
Author
all about love: new visions
bell hooks
Salvation: Black People and Love
bell hooks
Love as the Practice of Freedom
bell hooks
Say Yes to Decolonial Love: 5 Ways to Resist Oppression in Your Relationships
Anni Liu
Personal Is Political: The Necessity of Spaces for Black Vulnerability
Antonia Randolph
What is Emotional Intelligence (EQ)? Got Me in My Feelings: Why Drake Isn’t as Emotional as You Think
Michael Akers & Grover Porter
#WANNABES4JIGGABOOS: When “loving dark-skin” turns into violence.
Date Read
Jeremy D. Larson
Marcus Borton
“Love who you love, because life isn’t guaranteed / Smile” “What I thought when I met my dad was, ‘Oh, I’m free to love now.’ But it’s like, OK, yeah, but how are you gonna do it? You wanna do it--I get it--now how are you gonna do it? You’ve never done this before. No one informed you how to do this. You don’t even have the tools to do it.”
Embracing LoVe & Emotion Title
Author
Trans Love in the Black Community: Living Color
NBC News
A Queer Vision of Love and Marriage
Tiq Milan and Kim Katrin Milan B. Cole
Gender Justice in Action Outside the XY: Queer, Black, and Brown Masculinity
Date Read
Morgan Mann Willis
“Love who you love, because life isn’t guaranteed / Smile” “What I thought when I met my dad was, ‘Oh, I’m free to love now.’ But it’s like, OK, yeah, but how are you gonna do it? You wanna do it--I get it--now how are you gonna do it? You’ve never done this before. No one informed you how to do this. You don’t even have the tools to do it.”
Notes
Manhood & Masculinity From its inception, hip-hop has been concerned with manhood and masculinity. Until recently, however, these ideas tended to be rather rigid in conception, resisting the inherently dynamic nature of gender performance and expression in ways that stigmatized queer (non-heterosexual) black bodies and objectified women. 4:44 joins a growing, though not new, movement in hip-hop that is interested in examining and reimagining what black masculinity can be. In this section, we highlight texts that challenge traditional, limited ideas about masculinity and the current societal conditioning that expressly targets the black women and black LGBTQIA+ folk that are an important part of our community.
Manhood & Masculinity Title
Author
Looking for LeRoy
Mark Anthony Neal
New Black Man
Mark Anthony Neal
Progressive Black Masculinities? Revolutionary Hope: A Conversation Between James Baldwin and Audre Lorde
Athena D. Mutua Essence Magazine
The Patriarchy Series
Daniel Johnson
Understanding Patriarchy
bell hooks
The Crisis of African American Gender Relations
bell hooks
There is No Hierarchy of Oppression
Audre Lorde
Troy Maxson and Toxic Masculinity
Anthony Boynton
We Real Cool: Black Men and Masculinity
bell hooks
What’s Wrong With Being a Sissy?: Critiquing the Idea of Hollywood Turning Black Men Gay
Isaac A. Sanders
Deconstructing Tyrone: A New Look at Black Masculinity in the Hip-Hop Generation
Natalie Hopkinson & Natalie Moore
Date Read
Manhood & Masculinity Title Being a Man About It: Manhood Meaning Among African American Men
Author
Date Read
Wizdom Powell Hammond & Jacqueline S. Mattis
“You Ain’t No Denzel”: African American Men’s Use of Popular Culture to Narrate and Understand Marriage and Romantic Relationships
Armon Perry, Siobhan Smith, & Derrick Brooms
Taking it like a man: Masculine role norms as moderators of the racial discrimination-depressive symptoms association among African American men
Wizdom Powell Hammond
Responsible men, blameworthy women: Black heterosexual men’s discursive constructions of safer sex and masculinity
Lisa Bowleg, Andrea L. Heckert, Tia L. Brown, & Jenné S. Massie
“And you know better, nigga; I know you do / But you gotta get better, boy, you owe it to Blue”
Manhood & Masculinity Title
Author
Navigating Masculinity as a Black Transman: “I will never straighten out my wrist”
Kai M. Green
Black Men, Don’t Make Trans Women Pay for Your Fragile Masculinity
L’lerrét Jazelle Ailith
“But How Do You Know You’re a Man”: On Trans People, Narrative and Trust
Mitch Kellaway
Date Read
“And you know better, nigga; I know you do / But you gotta get better, boy, you owe it to Blue”
Notes
sex and sexuality We must destroy the narrative that who or how many people someone sleeps with determines their worth. This lie, along with the idea that masculinity can be threatened or taken away, produces trauma and intimate partner violence in black communities. It is imperative that we intentionally unlearn and actively stop the pieces that make up rape culture and unhealthy sexual-romantic relationships. These texts offer ways black men can have a healthy relationship with sex and their sexuality while also offering opportunities for folks who may not identify as men themselves.
sex and sexuality Title
Author
A Black man’s guide to rape culture: a syllabus
Neal Carter
Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power
Audre Lorde
In the Life: A Black Gay Anthology
Joseph Beam
Black Gay Genius: Answering Joseph Beam’s Call
Steven Fullwood Charles Stephens
I Used to be Your Sweet Mama
Angela Davis
It’s Never Been about R. Kelly. It’s Always Been about Black Girls
Evette Dionne
Sweet Tea: Black Gay Men of the South
E. Patrick Johnson
Masculinity is Killing Trans Women
Anthony J. Williams
How Activists Failed a Gay Black Man Nearly Convicted of a Hate Crime
Terrance Thomas
Ceremonies: Prose and Poetry
Essex Hemphill
Tongues Untied*
Marlon Riggs
Date Read
sex and sexuality Title
Author
Moonlight*
Barry Jenkins
Paris Is Burning*
Jennie Livingston
Kiki *
Sara Jordeno
The New Black: LGBT Rights and African Communities*
Yoruba Richen
Affirmations*
Marlon Riggs
Date Read
“Cried tears of joy when you fell in love / Don’t matter to me if it’s a him or a her”
Notes
Black Women, their work, & misogynoir Scholarship on social movements too often neglects the outstanding fact that black women and femme identifying folk lead, organize, historicize, and archive movements. Where would we be without the work of Ella Baker? Septima Clark? Marsha P. Johnson? Alicia Garza? Rosa Parks and the often erased Claudette Colvin? We must intentionally refuse erasing of black women and femmes from narratives of social justice and civil rights. This erasure is an act of misogynoir, the specific double oppression black women and femmes face at the intersection of race and gender. This section amplifies the work of black women, honoring work they’ve done and giving space to learn directly from their labor.
“Broken is better than new, that’s kintsukuroi / You’re fine China”
Black Women, their work, & misogynoir Title
Author
Lemonade Syllabus
Candice Benbow
On Moya Bailey, Misgynoir, and Why Both Are Important
Keir Bristol
Meet Moya Bailey, the black woman who created the term “misogynoir”
Marie Solis
Explanation Of Misogynoir
Trudy
Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex
Kimberlé Crenshaw
Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color
Kimberlé Crenshaw
The Urgency of Intersectionality*
Kimberlé Crenshaw
Report Reflects on the Status of Black Women in the U.S.
Taylor Crumpton
When and Where I Enter: the Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America
Paula Giddings
Women, Race, and Class
Angela Davis
Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism
bell hooks
Trans Women Are Women. This Isn’t a Debate
Raquel Willis
Date Read
Black Women, their work, & misogynoir Title
Author
A Seat With Us: A Conversation Between Solange Knowles, Mrs. Tina Lawson, & Judnick Mayard
Judnick Maynard
Black (W)holes and the geometry of Black female sexuality
Evelynn Hammonds
Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politics of Empowerment
Patricia Hill Collins
Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female by Frances
M. Beale
A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement
Alicia Garza
Invisible Families: Gay Identities, Relationships and Motherhood Among Black Women
Mignon Moore
At the Dark End of the Street
Danielle McGuire
Daughters of the Dust*
Julie Dash
The Color Purple
Alice Walker
I Am Your Sister: Collected and Unpublished Writings by Audre Lorde
Rudolph Byrd Johnetta B. Cole Beverly Guy-Sheftall
Date Read
Notes
Gender Fluidity Any man who falls outside of what we think of “masculine” often faces emotional, psychological, and physical violence at the hands of black men. Add transgender identity, or femme identity to that man and the risk of violence increases. Understanding gender identity and expression beyond the stark, heteronormative binary drawn between masculinity and femininity is a way for black men to unlearn violent behavior and embrace a more whole self. The texts of this section are purposed for the learning of the spectrum of gender, encouraging those who do not know to respond to their confusion by seeking knowledge rather than inflicting pain.
“And old niggas, y’all stop actin’ brand new / Like 2Pac ain’t have a nose ring too”
Gender Fluidity Title
Author
Pirelli Tire Ad
Carl Lewis
Album Cover for My Name is Jeffrey
Young Thug
A Guide to Navigating Gender Pronouns
Anthony J. Williams
Too Queer for Your Binary: Everything You Need to Know and More About Non-Binary Identities
Kaylee Jakubowksi
3 Reasons Why Folks Who Don’t ‘Look’ Non-Binary Can Still Be Non-Binary
Hari Ziyad
The Non-binary Negro
Alexis Templeton
My Gender Is Black
Hari Ziyad
Redefining Realness
Janet Mock
Thinking Sex
Gayle Rubin
Compulsory Heterosexuality
Adrienne Rich
Sex in Public
Berlant & Warner
Date Read
Gender Fluidity Title
Author
Transfiguring Masculinities in Black Women’s Studies
Riley Snorton
Black Queer Gender and Pariah’s “Grand Swagger”
Mecca Jamilah Sullivan
Jospehine
J Mase III
Date Read
Notes
Black Nationalism & colonialism Much of black radical politics relies on the creation of a black nation as a means to liberation, an idea that Jay clearly ponders throughout much of the album. Many activists and “race men” have pondered similar. The texts found in this section wrestle with these questions in response: What are the limits of nationalist thinking? What opportunities lie ahead? How are we harming other people on the margins by resorting to nationalist and colonialist paradigms or projects? When Jay refers to those affected by blood diamonds as losers and himself as a winner, is that truly Black nationalism or colonialism with a Black face?
“A nice peace, fund ideas from people who look like we / We gon’ start a society within a society”
Black Nationalism & colonialism Title
Author
The Wretched of the Earth
Frantz Fanon
Black Skin, White Masks
Frantz Fanon
Overview of Decoloniality
Gurminder K Bhamabra
Discourse on Colonialism
Aime Cesaire
I Write What I Like
Steve Biko
The Anti-Imperialist: The Pitfalls of Black Nationalism
Adam Elliott-Cooper
Stokely Speaks: From Black Power to Pan-Africanism
Kwame Ture Mumia Abu-Jamal
From Toussaint to Tupac: The Black International since the Age of Revolution
Michael O. West William G. Martin Fanon Che Wilkins
Traces of History: Elementary Structure of Race
Patrick Wolfe
In the Wake: On Blackness and Being
Christina Sharpe
Freedom as Marronage
Neil Roberts
The Radical Evolution of Du Boisian Pan-Africanism
Anthony J. Ratcliff
Assata: An Autobiography
Assata Shakur
Date Read
Notes
Wealth & Capitalism
Jay-Z is a successful rapper and businessman, the winner of 21 Grammys, and his 810 million dollar net worth is no secret. Is it easy for him, given his wealth and status, to consider capitalism as a means to freedom, an idea considered throughout the album. However, we know systems of power and access don’t love us. How are black folk to accrue wealth after centuries of second-class citizenship that affect our bodies, our neighborhoods, our education systems, and our futures? Should we work within capitalist system despite its history of denigration of marginalized people? This section sparks discussions around these questions and more, challenging us to think beyond what we know as the impossible “pulling yourself up by your bootstraps” narrative.
Financial freedom my only hope / Fuck livin’ rich and dyin’ broke” “Fuck a slice of the apple pie; want my own cake / In charge of my own fate” “Daddy, what’s a will?”
Wealth & Capitalism Title
Author
Gramsci’s Black Marx: Whither the Slave in Civil Society?
Frank B. Wilderson
Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition
Cedric Robinson
The Case for Reparations
Ta-Nehisi Coates
The racial wealth gap: How African-Americans have been shortchanged out of the materials to build wealth
Janelle Jones
Breaking with Capitalist Orthodoxy
Michael Jacobs Mariana Mazzucato
The End of Progressive Neoliberalism
Nancy Fraser
In Defense of Looting
Willie Osterweil
3 Reasons to Say “F the Police”
Anthony J. Williams
Capitalism and Slavery
Eric Williams
The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism
Edward Baptist
Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism
Kwame Nkrumah
Class Struggle in Africa
Kwame Nkrumah
Date Read
Notes
Black Fatherhood Despite the age-old stereotype of black men being deadbeat dads, black men are are statistically more present in homes across the nation than those of other races. Even considering this fact, harm done onto black men is still often replicated in the home onto their spouses and family. We challenge the idea that black fatherhood is used as the fix-all of black communal ills, recognizing how black motherhood, sisterhood, and alternative family structures can benefit Black communities. In other words, the texts of this section provide healthy visions of black fatherhood.
“If I wasn’t a superhero in your face / My heart breaks for the day I have to explain my mistakes” “A man that don’t take care of his family can’t be rich” “Who would’ve thought I’d be the dad I never had”
Black Fatherhood Title
Author
The Doll
Charles Chesnutt
Ain’t I a Feminist?
Aaronette White
Letter to my Son
Ta-Nehisi Coates
Knock Knock
Daniel Beaty
The Myth of the Missing Black Father
Roberta L. Coles Charles Green
Viewing Black Fatherhood from Both Abandonment and Fulfillment
Dr. Larry Walker
4 Off-Putting Messages We Send to Trans Men Considering Pregnancy
Mitch Kellaway
New Father Chronicles
La Guardia Cross
The State of Black Fatherhood: Parenting Behind Bars
Dominique N. Mack
Date Read
Notes
Black mental health & wellness Self-care, or the act of taking care of our physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being, needs to become a priority in black communities. Too often Black women take care of Black men to the detriment of themselves. Too often Black men ignore their own health to the detriment of their communities. When we think about how often we go to the doctor, if we have ever considered talking to a therapist, or if we can just pray it away, we recognize that Black men have to start taking the time to consider our physical and mental health and wellness. Studies have shown that doctors see us as capable of taking more pain and being superhuman, yet we also know that we have to take care of our needs. This section seeks to dispel myths surrounding black mental health and holistic wellness by exploring the realities of intergenerational trauma and ways to go about healing.
Black mental health & wellness Title Why Black Mental Health Literacy Matters
Author Yolo Akili Robinson
Race & Trauma: Race Based Traumatic Stress and Psychological Injury
Robert T. Carter
How Racism Is Bad for Our Bodies
Jason Silverstein
Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race: Special Issue - Racial Inequality and Health
David Takeuchi & David Williams
3 Ways to Prioritize Self-Care While Resisting Dehumanization – Because #BlackWellnessMatters, Too
Akilah S. Richards
Giving Voice to the Feelings of Black Boys
Amber A. Hewitt
Things to Consider When Starting Therapy
Alex Hardy
Forests, trees, and streams: Why an integration of discursive psychological frameworks and gender role strain paradigms is needed
Wizdom Powell Hammond
Reflections on My Thirty-Four Years as a Black Man With Mental Illness
Kelvin Easiley, Jr.
“Down in the Sewers”: Perceptions of Depression and Depression Care Among African American Men
D. Hudson , J. Eaton, A. Banks, W. Sewell, H. Neighbors H
Date Read
Black mental health & wellness Title
Author
Date Read
“Racism?!?. . . Just Look at Our Neigh- D. Hudson, J. Eaton, P. borhoods “ : Views on Racial Discrim- Lewis, P. Grant, W. Sewell, ination and Coping Among African K. Gilbert American Men in Saint Louis Interpersonal Racial Discrimination and Structural-Level Racism Race, life course socioeconomic position, racial discrimination, depressive symptoms and self-rated health
D. Hudson, E. Puterman, K. Bibbins-Domingo, K. Matthews, N. Adler
First Person: Dude, I’m Never Breaking Up With My Therapist
Maco L. Faniel
“See how the universe works? / It takes my hurt and help me find more of myself” “Sexin’ the pain away / Vacay the pain away / Drinking the pain away / Smoking the pain away” “Our external reality is an opportunity to heal our internal upset”
Notes
Novels Title
Author
If Beale Street Could Talk
James Baldwin
Invisible Man
Ralph Ellison
A Father’s Law
Richard Wright
Native Son
Richard Wright
The Color Purple
Alice Walker
Blake
Martin Delany
Salvage the Bones
Jesmyn Ward
Giovanni’s Room
James Baldwin
White Boy Shuffle
Paul Beatty
Their Eyes Were Watching God
Zora Neale Hurston
Invisible Man, Got the Whole World Watching
Mychal Denzel Smith
Date Read
Notes
4:44 and Musical Peers Title
Author
Fear of a Black Planet
Public Enemy
The Odd Tape
Oddisee
Oochie Wally (Lala Mix)
Rahrah Gabor
Mr. Rager
Kid Cudi
Running (Jamie xx remix)
Gil Scott-Heron
Me and the Devil
Gil Scott-Heron
A Sucker for Pumps
TiRon & Ayomari
Life is Good
Nas
Connected
The Foreign Exchange
Leave It All Behind
The Foreign Exchange
Pieces of a Man
Gil Scott-Heron
The Listening
Little Brother
Boy Meets World
Fashawn
Fin
Syd
Mykki
Mykki Blanco
Mama’s Gun
Erykah Badu
A Seat at the Table
Solange
Below the Heavens
Blu
Kollage
Bahamadia
Date Read
Notes