Edmonton (Alta.) - 1963 - General plan for the city of Edmonton, part one (1963-09) by Edmonton Tower Resource Centre Online Library

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THE CITY OF EDMONTON CITY PLANNING DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBUI 1963

EDMONTON

I C040 5992 1963 Ac. 172013033 Edmonton. City Planning Department GENERAL PLAN FOR THE CITY OF EDMONTON: PART ONE

0099

GENERAL PLAN FOR THE CITY OF EDMONTON PART ONE

The City of Edmonton City Planning Department September 1963

This is the First Part of the General Plan for Edmonton which was submitted to Council on the 23rd day of September, 1963, at which meeting Council resolved that "this be received for further consideration at an appropriate time."

W. G. Hardcastle CHIEF PLANNER City Planning Department.

OUTLINE Page TITLE PAGE OUTLINE

LIST OF DRAWINGS

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS

INTRODUCTION

XIV

PLAN OUTLINE

XVII

PART (A) SUMMARY CHAPTER I - Region, Geography, Conservation and History CHAPTER II - Regional Resources and Their Effect on the City's Economy CHAPTER III - Growth and Population

CHAPTER IV - Residential Development

CHAPTER V - Parks and Recreation

CHAPTER VI - Public and Quasi-Public Uses

CHAPTER VII - Industrial Land Use

CHAt'TER VIII- Commercial Land Use

CHAPTER XIII- Utilities PART

(B) THE LAND USE MAP AND GENERAL PURPOSE THEREOF

110 117

Purpose of Land Use Map

117

General Classification of Land

117

Purpose of Residential Land Use Classes

118

111

General Purpose of Commercial Districts

120

Specific Commercial Districts

12Q

Central Area

121

General Purpose of Industrial Districts

126

General Purpose of Industrial Land Classes

127

General Purpose of Park Districts

128

Special Areas

129

General Purpose of Institutional Uses

132

:aelationahip Of:Land Use Plan and

132

Comprehensive Zoning Bylaw (C)

DRAWINGS

following 134

LIST OF DRAWINGS FOLLOWING PAGE

NUMBER 1,

Edmonton Settlement 1883

134

Edmonton Population 1899 - 1962 - 1980

134

Edmonton's Growth

134

Extent of Urban Growth

134

Parks, Recreational Facilities and Open Spaces Existing, Potential and Proposed

134

Growth in Employment and Floor Space Edmonton's Central Area

134

Land use Totals in Edmonton 1961 and 1980

134

Water Distribution System 1980

134

Sewer System Extension 1980

134

10.

Metropolitan Land Use 1961

134

11.

Metropolitan Land Use 1980

134

12.

Urban Employment, Population Development and Design Detail

6. 7.

Envelope 134

13.

Edmonton 1980 and 2000

14.

Land Use 1980

15.

Police and Fire Department Buildings, Libraries and Health Clinics

134

16.

Civic Center

134

(a)

Core Area Land-Use Plan

134

(b)

Illustrative Retail - Office Center and The Civic Center Plan

134

Envelope

NUMBER

FOLLOWING PAGE

16. (c)

Central Area Street Plan

134

(d)

City Centre Housing Area - Land-Ube Plan

134

4-7;

General Public and Semi-Public Buildings

134

18.

Edmonton and Jasper Place Public Schools

134

19.

Edmonton and Jasper Place Separate Schools

134

Universities, Colleges and Special Schools

134

21.

Hospitals in Edmonton and Jasper Place

134

22.

Government Centre

134

23.

Provincial Government Buildings and Offices

134

24.

University of Alberta

134

24A.

University of Alberta

134

Federal Buildings in Edmonton

134

26.

Edmonton and Jasper Place Protestant Churches

134

Edmonton and Jasper Place Catholic and Non-Christian Churches

134

29.

Edmonton Recreation Region

134

30.

Edmonton Metropolitan Recreation District

134

31.

Câ&#x20AC;˘mmercial Shopping Areas

134

32.

Land in Residential Use by Areas in Edmonton 1980

134

33,

Edmonton Industrial Districts

134

34.

Gross Residential Density 1961

134

35.

Gross Residential Density 1980

134

20.

27.

LIZT

PHOTOGRAPHS

(A) SUMMARY

Follow Page

Chapter I Region, Geography, Conservation and History A Brigade of settlers on their way to homesteads in the Edmonton wilderness by Red River Cart and York Boats in 1880 from Fort Edmonton. The original Fort Edmonton in its final location, showing the Palisades and Bastions overlooking the Saskatchewan River as photographed in 1870. The vast potential of furs in the great Northwest led to the founding of Fort Edmonton, 1795. Large reserves of timber in the area resulted in a lumber industry in the district, as the early photograph shows. The rafts were built for transportation down the river. A party outfitting on the way to the Klondyke in 1898. Such groups as this settled in the Edmonton area eventually, giving a considerable boost to the population of Edmonton. A preliminary Canadian Pacific Railway survey party locating a possible route for the railway near Edmonton and which was eventually routed through the Kicking Horse Pass. Early transportation in Edmonton consisted of steam boats on the Saskatchewan and other rivers before the advent of the railways.

vii

The "City of Edmonton" travelling along the Saskatchewan River on pleasure trips and moving freight. Early transportation in Edmonton by way of horse and buggy avoided many of the problems found in the automotive age today. The coming of the railroads in the beginning of the 20th Century led to considerable immigration into this area. The above scene shows the largest C.N.R. Depot in Edmonton. The above scene shows. the earliest Ferry in Edmonton - Walter's Ferry - and moving freight by barge. Edmonton from Dowler's Hill in 1907 shows D.R. Fraser's Lumber Mill in the foreground and G.B. Little's Brickyard--early forms of industry. Edmonton began with this Hudson Bay Fort. Walter's Mill can be seen in the foreground, the Misericordia Hospital in the left background and Fort Edmonton in the centre of this photograph taken in 1908. The City in 1907 is shown by this early plan. Planning was largely on the grid pattern, growing out from the old Fort Edmonton and along the railway. The population increase caused by the arrival of the railway led to considerable construction. The above photograph shows one of the many hotels in Edmonton at this time. The land boom in Edmonton is illustrated here by the long queues awaiting disposition of the Hudson Bay Reserve Lands in 1912.

viii

The discovery of oil and gas in the Alberta area led to the City's biggest population expansion boom in 1947. The oil well on the Edmonton landscape since 1947 has reflected the booming oil and gas industry. The Government Centre today. The Central Business District -- today. Chapter IV Residential Development

A. High Rise Apartments 1. An Area in Transition. 2. Self-contained Living. 3. Outdoor Living Space. B. Walk-Up Apartments 4. The Project Apartment with Open Space for children. 5. Apartment with Limited Play Space. 6, Natural Urban Renewal from Old Housing to New Apartments. 7. The Residential Neighborhood in Transition. 8. The New Accommodation and the Old. C. Duplexes 9. A District of Semi-attached Duplexes. D. Terraced Dwellings 10. Low Rental Terraced Dwellings. 11. Home-owner Terraced Dwellings.

E. Single Family Homes 12.Typical Housing of Pre-1921 District. 13.Housing of the Post 1950 District. 14.Housing of the Post War Period. F. A Desirable Variety of Housing Types 15.Two Storey Homes 16.One and a Half Storey Homes 17.Bungalow Dwellings. G. Good Neighborhood Design 18.Variety in Design: along: NeighborhoOZ Crescents. 19.Spacious settings in Exclusive Residential Districts. Avoid these residential conditions: 20.Low Income Housing in Crowded Downtown Edmonton. 21.Houses adjacent to Industrial Establishments. 22.Overhead Lines and Lane Access. 23.Mixing Residential and Commercial Uses. 24.The C.B.D. Invasion of Residential Areas. 25.Structurally Unsound Homes. 26.Homes with Insufficient Sideyards and Lot Size. 27.Homes that have Streets crowded with business vehicles but with limited or no Offstreet Parking. Chapter V

Parks And Recreation

1. A view of the continuous green belt in Edmonton. 2. Children's Zoo, a special Recreational Area.

Proposed Conservatory Showing Temperate House Conservatory Tropical House Perennial Garden Chapter VII

Industrial Land Use

1. At the Canadian Chemical Company's plant, east of the city; cellulose acetate, along with other plastics and essential commercial chemicals, is produced. This is the first such plant established in the west. 2. North West Mill & Feed Co. Ltd. established in 1892 is located on the southside. 3. Swift Canadian Ltd., the largest Meat packing plant in Edmonton. 4. The Inland Cement Company Limited has expanded its huge plant twice since 1956 when it began operations. 5. Imperial Oil's refinery east of the city is the largest oil refinery in the area. 6. Labatt's Alberta Brewery, on the Calgary Trail is one of the most modern plants in North America, and when completed in late 1963 it will be the first new brewery in Edmonton in 50 years. 7. Canadian Bedding Co. Limited plant covers an entire city block in north-east Edmonton.

8. Silverwood Dairies Ltd. at its present location. It was originally located in the early 1900's near the present low level bridge. 9. The Canadian Government Grain Elevators are located in one of the north-western industrial sections of the city away from the residential sections. 10. View of the pilot plant at Mildred Lake in north-eastern Alberta where a four company group composed of Cities Service Athabasca, Inc., Imperial Oil Limited, Richfield Oil Corporation, and Royalite Oil Company, Ltd. is conducting studies leading toward the commercial extraction of liquor hydrocarbons from the Athabasca Tar Sands. 11. Vacant land available for heavy industry east of the city. Note the railroad cutting diagonally across this spacious area. 12. The Great Western Garment Company as it appears inside today. 13. This is Bremner Estate, an industrial park in north-west Edmonton. Note the ample railway and road facilities in this area which has been built up since the early 1950's. 14. Northwest Industries, Ltd., important for aircraft parts and repairs, using the Municipal Industrial Airport. 15. Coca-Cola Ltd., one of Edmonton's important producers of carbonated beverages, is also noted for its well kept grounds. Chapter VIII

Commercial Land Use

109

1. Core Area 2. Core, Semi-core Office Area 3. Wholesale Industrial Area 4, Central High Density Residential Area

xii

5. Government Centre 6. Hotel and office on Jasper Avenue west of Core Area. 7. Retail strip commercial area on 97th Street east of Core Area. 8. Jasper Avenue looking west, Octbber 1962. 9. Jasper Avenue looking east, July 1961. A. Major Shopping Centres 1. Westmount 2. Bonnie Doon B. Minor Shopping Centres 1. Windsor Park 2, Valleyview 3. Glengarry 4. Kensington C. Retail Strip Commercial Areas 1. Jasper Place 2. Jasper Place west of 150th Street. 3. 118th Avenue 4. Whyte Avenue (B) The Land Use Map and General Purpose Thereof Residential; AreaS 1. A typIcaI rOidential neighborhood pattern in Edmonton Agriculture 1. An Agricultural area in south west Edmonton Industry 1. An example of industrial development 2. A typical example of railway development Institutional Land Use 1. University of AlberLa-an example of public land use.

2. An intensive use of land on the University Campus Semi-Public Land Use 1. A new office building beyond the central business district.

xiv

INTRODUCTION

This statement is presented as part of the General Plan for the City of Edmonton.*

It represents a summary of the material previously presented to City Council by the City Planning Department, and by other agencies which have contributed to the large amount of research involved.

Each chapter is summarized and specific or alternative policies suggested as a result of an analysis of the problems involved.

The General Plan is submitted in accordance with the specific requirements of Section 96 of the Planning Act, but all the requirements of the Section cannot entirely be fulfilled at present.

Twu such requirements are those referred to under subsection (c) subclause (iv) and (v) (iv) a schedule setting out the sequence in which specified areas of land may be developed or redeveloped and in which the public services and facilites referred to in subclause (iii) should be provided in specified areas (v) proposals relating to the financing and programming of public development projects and capital works to be undertaken by the municipalities and other public authorities having jurisdiction within the area included in the general plan.

*For complete General Plan Outline refer to page xVii.

Until the City Commissioners are able to study the Plan proposals, and in particular details of public services and road proposals, an accurate program of financing is impossible to prepare.

The recommendations of the Metropolitan Edmonton Transportation Study are not yet submitted, and this statement is, therefore, subject to possible amendment in the light of consideration of this study, particularly in relation to the areas available for certain land uses. It is emphasized that whilst this statement is based on the projection of information presently available, and current trends of development, the Plan will require constant review in the light of changing circumstances. It is, therefore, impossible to estimate the effect of technological developments presently unknown and their effect on industry, transportation and modes of living. The Planning Act recognizes these limitations in requiring the General Plan to be reviewed at five yearly intervals. Continuing reviewals of the General Plan area, therefore, are required. Edmonton has been fortunate in that its development has for the most part been guided by a far sighted administration. Few major mistakes have been made. The River Valley has for the most part been retained for public use. The major road system was originally designed so that a major traffic problem has not yet

xvi

occurred; and the City has not yet reached such a size as to create the problems inherent in most large cities. However, Edmonton has reached the point where it is changing from a town to a city - the changing character is evidenced by a general trend towards a more urbanized form of living and movement from the rural region to the city centre. This does not mean that development of the City outward will not continue; that the spread of urban population to satellite towns will not continue; and that the present form of neighborhood development will become outmoded. But it is an encouraging sign to see that people are thinking more in terms of city living. Whether the change now taking place will continue depends to a large extent on the policies adopted in the form of a General Plan - policies designed to attract new industry, to improve living and working conditions, to encourage orderly traffic movements to preserve and enhance the City's character, and to revitalize the City's centre. These are some of the objectives of the General Plan, which will enable this and future City administrations to ensure the continuing growth and vitality of Edmonton and it's Metropolitan Area.

xvii

OUTLINE OF THE GENERAL PLAN FOR EDMONTON

PART I - EDMONTON CHAPTER I - EDMONTON History, Geography, Region and Conservation PART II - GROWTH AND ECONOMICS CHAPTER II - F,FFECT OF RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT ON GROWTH OF METROPOLITAN EDMONTON CHAPTER III - GROWTH AND POPULATION PART III - LAND USES CHAPTER IV

RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER V - PARKS AND RECREATION CHAPTER VI - PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC USES CHAPTER VII - INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER VIII- COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER IX - GENERALIZED LAND USE PLANS Volumes I and II PART IV - SPECIAL STUDIES CHAPTER X - DOWNTOWN EDMONTON CHAPTER XI - SPECIAL PLANNING STUDIES PART V - SERVICES CHAPTER XII - TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION CHAPTER XIII

UTILITIES

xviii

PART VI - IMPLEMENTATION CHAPTER XIV -. URBAN RENEWAL AND REDEVELOPMENT CHAPTER XV - ADMINISTRATION CHAPTER XVI - CAPITAL BUDGETING AND FINANCING CHAPTER XVII - LAND USE CONTROLS PART VII - SUMMARY CHAPTER XVIII- GENERAL SUMMARY STATEMENTS AND POLICY PART VIII - EDMONTON DISTRICT CHAPTER XIX - EDMONTON METROPOLITAN REGION AND DISTRICT PLAN

v?.

PART A

CHAPTER I REGION, GEOGRAPHY, CONSERVATION AND HISTORY

1. The Region Edmonton is the capital city of a vast district which stretches as far south as Red Deer, as far north as Resolute Bay, as far east as Lake Athabaska, and as far west as the Western Cordillera. A smaller central core area is located around Edmonton where features which characterize the district as a whole become more pronounced or concentrated, particularly as one approaches the City itself. Edmonton is often the principal distribution center for this District and the City often contains the regional head offices for activities within the District, such as transportation, wholesale, retail, service, finArIce, and government administration. Activities within the District could have a profound effect on Edmonton by creating new offices, warehouses, industrial plants and generally increasing business activity, tourism, and local population. The District and the City are mutually important. It is recommended that a policy be continued whereby the City would maintain an awareness regarding activities within this District; would play an active role

whenever possible, and would encourage growth and development that would most favour the achievement of the City's District and local development objectives. 2. Geography Edmonton has a number of geographical characteristics which are important in its planning and development. The wind direction on a twelve month basis is largely from the south, the west and northwest. Winter winds are largely from the south and southwest, whereas, summer winds are from the west and northwest. It is important to locate industry and to control its wind-carried wastes with a view to these prevailing seasonal winds. Snow loads run about 30 pounds per square foot and gust speeds can be as high as 100 to 110 miles per hour. Extremes in humidity and temperature run from .05 to 0.4 inches of mercury and 60 to 103 degrees fahrenheit on an annual basis. Although Edmonton has a short growing season the mean annual period of sunshine equals almost 2,200 hours wbich is the highest in all Canada. These climatic peculiarities deserve special attention in planning for Edmonton. Edmonton is located on a young stream-eroded lacustrine

plain, dotted with glacial lakes and ponds, at an elevation of about 2200 feet above sea level. Generally drainage is from this slightly rolling terrain toward the river and its tributaries. The only flooding problem is found along the immediate river's edge where development has been permitted in low areas of the river valley. As a general policy intensive structural development,other than parks should be discouraged in areas where flood dangers exist. The bedrock consists largely of upper cretaceous shales and shaly sandstones with some coal seams and oil deposits. The overlying mantel of glacial till varies from a clay to gravel and runs from 10 to 25 feet in thickness. Upper soils are Solonetzic and chernozemic. Generally the bearing capacities of the soils in Edmonton are good. However, where old mine caverns occur along the river, and where bogs and alluvial sands occur, this could require a specialized more expensive type of building technique. A number of the river valley sand and gravel deposits are very important as a building material in future construction. Top soils in western and northwestern Edmonton and along the valley and ravines can be described as shallow and variable, but top soils elsewhere are generally deep and uniform. As a general policy it is recommended that the programming of development should take notice of what is a good soil and what is not, so that if a choice in staging is possible, then development will proceed on the poorer soils before it is permitted on the better soils in the Metropolitan

Area. At the same time intensive development on the valuable sand and gravel deposits, the escarpment edge, and on the steep banks of the valley and ravines should be discouraged and natural vegetation should be encouraged instead. It is felt that construction on the steep banks will not only tend to be unstable, but will tend to encourage soil erosion and will certainly help destroy Edmonton's finest natural feature - the "river valley" and its forest cover. The upper strata of the forest cover consists of spruce, birch, populus species, pine and others; the lower stratas include various typical shrubbery, annuals and grasses. As a general policy preservation of the climax forest cover should be encouraged in park areas as a control over erosion, as areas for surface drainage, as a delightful setting for recreation, and as a low cost landscaping adapted to Edmonton's climate.

Conservation Since Edmonton's destiny is so clearly tied to that of

its districts the proper utilization of natural resources within the District is a subject that requires Edmonton's attention in a comprehensive City plan even though control beyond the City is certainly indirect. As a general policy it is suggested that the City support any causes that would ensure sound conservation practices in the City and the Edmonton District. As a case in point it is recommended that proper top soil conservation practices be adopted by Bylaw as soon as possible.

It is further recommended that in view of the heavy demands anticipated on sand and gravel deposits in the future that these deposits be utilized as efficiently as possible and that the City should by bylaw govern their extraction and rehabilitation.

4. City History "Edmonton", wrote John McDougall in

1868, "stands for the

centredom of the great Saskatchewan country - the centre in religion, government, commerce, transport. Within the four walls of yonder little fort, and within its wooden bastions large business is conducted, and far reaching measures are planned." It was the year after Confederation and the economic potential of the northwest was being studied when John McDougall paused across the river from the Hudson's Bay Company trading post on the north bank of the North Saskatchewan. He might have added, that of the original trading establishments, it alone was destined to become a nItajor city.

The relative antiquity of fur trade posts in this area is beyond dispute. The first white establishment was Fort Augustus, built by the No/ hwest Company Agent, Angus Shaw, in

1795 at the

confluence of the Saskatchewan and Sturgeon Rivers. Edmonton house was built on an adjoining site the following spring by the Hudson's Bay Company. The Companies amalgamated in 1821. Fort Edmonton by that time was located on the first shelf above the river on the Legis-

lative grounds. Gradually the original fur trading purpose of the Fort was replaced by its growing importance as a supply base for fur trading operations from Oregon to the Arctic Circle. In 1870 the administration of Rupert's Land passed to Canadian authorities and made the area available for white settlement. Land booms with spiralling values, followed by subsequent collapses, have played an important part in the growth and character of Edmonton. The first such boom occurred about 1880 when it appeared likely that the Canadian Pacific Railway main line would pass through Edmonton. Eastern speculators, lured by the possibilities, purchased many of the lots. (See Drawing No. 1). This boom collapsed a few years later with the routing of the Canadian Pacific Railway through Calgary. A series of events led to Edmonton's rapid population expansion and subsequent land boom that followed the turn of the century. The coming of the railways, the establishment of Edmonton as the capital in 1905, the location of the University of Alberta in Strathcona in 1908, and the amalgamation of the two cities in 1912 saw the population jump from 10 to 70 thousand within a decade. Much of the land sold at this time was included in the Hudson's Bay Reserve, 3000 acres extending from the river north to 118th Avenue, between 101st Street and 121st Street. Real estate

values had mushroomed to such an extent that the company decided to sell land north of 108th Avenue that had been held in reserve. This sale took place on May 13th, 1912 and lots were being bought and resold for weeks after. As the money supply diminished, so did land sales and by 1914 the great land boom collapsed completely.

The period 1900 to 1914 saw the consolidation of the downtown area, and the erection of many of the existing buildings.

From 1914 through the thirties there was little downtown development and urban expansion progressed slowly. Although development was increased by World War II, it was the discovery of oil near Edmonton in 1947 that really sparked Edmonton's third major land boom. Tnis discovery led to the present industrial development.

5. Planning History Edmonton is a young City but throughout most of it's history there has been available to it some kind of planning legislation. Only eight years after it's incorporation as a City the Town Planning Act of 1913 was passed by the Province. Much of the rural land planning in Alberta that followed this early Act drew attention to the need for urban land planning. In 1929 The Town Planning Act was passed and under its powers the City appointed a Town Planning Corn-

mission that year. The Zoning Bylaw of 1933 was the first comprehensive urban plan for Edmonton. A consulting report in 1949 began the framework of the present planning organization found in the City today. This report included recommendations to revoke the 1933 Zoning Bylaw and redraft another as a part of the General Plan and to place the City under interim development control in the meantime; to set up a Technical Planning Board; to strengthen the Planning Department; and to establish a District Planning Commission. These recommendations were generally followed in later years and a new Zoning Bylaw was finally prepared, The City has always played a leading role in matters of subdivision as outlined in the Regulations written pursuant to the Town Planning Act. The Province has provided a Planning Act and other progressive legislation which enables the City to undertake sound comprehensive planning.

A Brigade of settlers on their way to homesteads in the Edmonton wilderness by Red River Cart and York Boats in 1880 from Fort Edmonton.

The original Fort Edmonton in its final location. showing the Palisades and Bastions overlooking the Saskatchewan River as photographed in 1870.

The vast potential of furs in the great Northwest led to the founding of Fort Edmonton, 1795.

Large reserves of timber in the area resulted in a lumber industry in the district, as the early photograph shows. The rafts were built for transportation down the river.

•

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A party outfitting on the way to the Klondyke in 1898. Such groups as this settled in the Edmonton area eventually, giving a considerable boost to the population of Edmonton.

A preliminary Canadian Pacific Railway survey party locating a possible route for the railway near Edmonton and which was eventually routed through the Kicking Horse Pass.

Early transportation in Edmonton consisted of steam boats on the Saskatchewan and other rivers before the advent of the railways.

The "City of Edmonton" travelling along the Saskatchewan River on pleasure trips and moving freight.

Early transportation in Edmonton by way of horse and buggy avoided many of the problems found in the automotive age today.

The coming of the railroads in the beginning of the 20th Century led to considerable immigration into this area. The above scene shows the largest C.N.R. Depot in Edmonton.

The above scene shows the earliest Ferry in Edmonton—Walter's Ferry—and moving freight by barge.

Edmonton from Dowler's Hill in 1907 shows D. R. Fraser's Lumber Mill in the foreground and G. B. Little's Brickyard—early forms of industry.

Edmonton began with this Hudson Bay Fort. Walter's Mill can be seen in the foreground, the Misericordia Hospital in the left background and Fort Edmonton in the centre of this photograph taken in 1908.

The City in 1907 is shown by this early plan. Planning was largely on the grid pattern, growing out from the old Fort Edmonton and along the railway.

The population increase caused by the arrival of the railway led to considerable construction. The above photograph shows one of the many hotels in Edmonton at this time.

The land boom in Edmonton is illustrated here by the long queues awaiting disposition of the Hudson Bay Reserve Lands in 1912.

The discovery of oil and gas in the Alberta area led to the City's biggest population expansion boom in 1947.

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The oil well on the Edmonton landscape since 1947 has reflected the booming oil and gas industry.

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_ The Government Center today.

The Central Business Districtâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;today.

CHAPTER II REGIONAL RESOURCES AND THEIR EkilECT ON CITY'S ECONOMY While soil fertility is possibly the major resource of the region, mineral and other natural resources have played and will continue to play a major role in the economy of the City. Fossil fuels are the most important minerals of the sedimentary basin which is situated between the Precambrian Shield to the northeast and the Cordilleran area to the Vest. These fossil fuels consist of coal, oil and gas. The oil may occur as a free flowing liquid in conventional reservoirs or in a viscous form, variously described as oil tar or bituminous sands. Coal seams are found across the sedimentary basin at varying depths. There is some variation in coal grade according to depth, but the major quality variations are related to the location of a coal seam with respect to the foothills and mountains. The best grades of coal are found in those seams upon which the greater compressive forces have been acting for the longer time. Conversely, the lower grades are in those seams located too far east to have been affected by the compressive forces of mountain building. Large reserves of both oil and gas have been found in Central Alberta. Most of the major oil reservoirs (recoverable reserves of at

least 100 million barrels) discovered up to the present are within a 100 mile radius of Edmonton. Most of the gas reserves of the Edmonton area are associated in common reservoirs with oil. As a consequence, wet solution gas is unavoidably produced with the oil. Such gas is processed to remove propane, butanes, heavier liquids, and where necessary, sulphur. Surplus dry residue gas is sold to export markets. It has been calculated that Alberta has ko million acres of potentially arable land not yet under cultivation, almost all of which is west and north of Edmonton. This/ and almost all the cultivated land of the Edmonton area, is northwest of the area from whence comes the high protein wheat for which an export market is most readily available. However, the area is well suited for meat production since it provides excellent yields of forage crops and coarse grains.

Alberta's annual timber cut remains fairly constant. In the Edmonton district lumber production is augmented by the production of plywood. A pulp plant is in operation at Hinton and as many as five additional plants may be located in Northern Alberta. It is on these resources; mineral, forest and agricillture/ that the economy of Metropolitan Edmonton is based. A population of

66o,000 has been forecast for the area in 1980. Whether or not this population total does materialize depends largely on what new markets are found for these resources and more particularly for products manufactured from them. There are several factors which serve to attract industry to Edmonton. Electric power rates are among the lowest in Canada. Fuel costs are the lowest available in any major urban centre. There is an ample labour supply which has access to the most modern technical training school in Canada. The city is excellently served by rail and highways. There is a controlled river flow to ensure an adequate supply of water. The factor which must be overcome is the distance to major domestic and exporU market areas. A wide range of raw materials is aval,lable for industrial feedstock. The most important of these materials are the light hydrocarbons from which ethylene, the principal building block of the petrochemical industry is obtained. These are ethane, propane and butanes. Ethane occurs in commercial quantities as a component solution gas from a number of pur reservoirs in this area. It may be recovered from such gas as required. Propane, normal butane and isobutane are also found in solution gas. These hydrocarbons are all liquids under pressure and must be stripped from the gas stream to ensure that hydrocarbon condensation does not occur in the pipe

taking residue gas to market. Ethylene is also produced by the cracking process at oil refineries. This refinery gas is used as a petrochemical plant feed at Edmonton to supplement the propane and butanes from gas processing. In both Ontario and Quebec large petrochemical industries operate on feedstocks consisting entirely of refinery gases. The immense expansion of refinery capacity in Ontario during the past decade provides large volumes of gas for petrochemical industries in that province. It is now considered more economical to produce petrochemicals near the largest market area. This is particularly true of those products having high bulk and low value. Conversely it is marginal to produce these same products in Alberta. Since a market outside the province must be provided for the major portion of our petrochemical production transportation costs tend to destroy the competitive position of the industry. The future of the industry here will belong to primary, secondary, and tertiary industries which can utilize our low cost raw materials to produce low vplume - high value goods. In this connection it should be noted that the water of the Wizard Lake oil reservoir contains an unusually high bromine concentration. The bromine content of the Water from the Redwater reservoir is not so high but might be less expensive to produce. It is possible that if

bromine were made available a number of additional chemical compounds including pharmaceuticals and photographic emulsions could be produced locally. The establishment of Premier Steel Mills in Edmonton and its subsequent acquisition by Steel Company of Canada has assured Edmonton of a large share in the development of a major steel industry in Western Canada. The growth of a market for steel products is closely related to population growth. The freight rates on eastern steel products coming west of Winnipeg are such that the prairies constitute a captive market for an integrated steel industry. The first requirement for an integrated steel industry in this area is an indigenous source of pig iron. Scrap available is insufficient in quantity and quality to supply even the present steel mill capacity of 150,000 tons and pig iron is being imported to supply the difference. The only indigenous source of iron is a low grade deposit in the Clear Hills. The nature of this ore precludes the possibility of treating it in a conventional smelter. However, it is amenable to treatment by a process termed the R-N process which was developed in the United States. The product of this process is a briquette of 90 per cent purity which is suitable for electric furnace feed. To make this process economical an annual market for 300,000 tons is required. At the present time world markets are experiencing an oversupply problem and anticipated sales to Japan

did not materialize. The Research Council of Alberta has developed a chemical method of producing a high purity iron powder from R-N process pig iron. This method is to be tested in a large scale pilot plant. If production of this powder on a commercial scale is proven feasible it will command a premium price and will not be used locally. However, a sufficiently large market may be found to make pig iron production from Clear Hills Ore by the R-N process possible. Most of the anticipated employment will be in secondary iron and steel industries rather than primary. Among the secondary industries considered are those supplying the conventional oil and gas industries. In this connection the possibility is that our ultimate reserves of oil and gas will not be as high as has been forecast by the Oil and Gas Conservation Board. If this is the case steel pipe production may be less than estimated due to reduced requirements for pipeline. At least part of any reduction in conventional oil industry requirements will be offset by oil sand development. A logical sequel to the local production of steel plates and sheets would be the local manufacture and assembly of fax machinery parts and various components of construction equipment. Such an industry could provide a substantial part of the labour required to support an

area population of 660,000. â&#x20AC;˘

One of the more important aspects of mineral resource

development from the employment standpoint will be the formation of communities for which Edmonton will supply the goods and services. One such community for which the ground work is now being laid will be located at Pine Point on the south shore of Great Slave Lake. Popilation of the town will be approximately 2,000 with an annual payroll of about 1.5 million dollars. The lead-zinc ore concentrate will go directly to the smelter at Trail but the supplies for the town and concentrator will come from Edmonton.

Oil sands development will bring a considerable increase in population to Fort McMurray and by 1980 the development of at least two new communities north of Fort McMurray, By 1985 production of possibly 400,000 barrels of oil per day will be required from the oil sands. Annual payroll could exceed 70 million.

There is a possibility that coke production from coal seams along the Muskeg River midway between Grande Prairie and Entrance will be another new industrial development with a new town. Possible eventual use for coal in the Edmonton area will be in the production of heavy water. A reduction in the price of heavy water in February 1963 by the United States government has made the production of heavy water in western Canada a doubtful economic feasibility.

The largest industry in the Edmonton area at present in terms of employment is the meat packing industry. Agricultural statistics indicate a steady increase in the number of beef cows being retained on northern Alberta farms during the past four years. This increase and other signs indicate that beef production in central and northern Alberta will at least double by 1980. This increased supply will be matched by a growing demand that is a result of population growth and higher living standards.

Three oil refineries are presently in operation in the Edmonton area. Products range from hydrogen and light olefin gases through a wide range of fuels and lubricants to asphalt and petroleum coke. Most of the products have a market area extending through the northern half of Alberta and into adjoining provinces and the territories. Lubricants produced there are the only lubricants produced west of Sarnia and have a wide market. A cargo ship was recently loaded with Edmonton produced lubricating oil for the Australian market. Edmonton petroleum coke becomes anodes in the Aluminum smelter at Kitimat, B. C. Edmonton is ideally located for oil refinery operations. Advantages of an Edmonton location are the proximity of a wide variety of oil refinery feedstocks, eventual availability of oil from oil sands, and the central location in a large agricultural and industrial market area.

Most oil refineries belong to integrated oil companies which are engaged in activities ranging from oil explorations through development, production, transportation, refining and sales. Before constructing a refinery such a firm will construct or purchase service stations in the potential market area for an extended period to gain public acceptance for the product. Usually contracts will be made for the supply of products from an established refinery. Oil refinery operations may be a major source of income and a sales campaign in an area by an integrated company is normally followed by refinery construction. Two integrated companies which have no refineries in Alberta are introducing products in the province and at least two more are expected to do so in the next decade. At least two of these companies will locate refineries at Edmonton when market conditions are considered to be suitable. Each refinery will require 160 acres for a plant site.

Oil from the oil sands must be processed to make it an acceptable oil refinery feed. One of the present applicants for permission to recover oil from the oil sands plans to hydro-treat 100,000 barrels of oil per day in a plant to be constructed in the Edmonton area. This plant will require 160 acres. Pipeline terminals for lines from Athabasca oil sands area will require an additional 160 acres.

All land required for oil industry operations will need to be reasonably close to the oil pipeline terminals.

Edmonton's economy for the next two decades will be based principally on the production of oil and beef for expanding North American markets and on the large and expanding payrolls of governmental and educational institutions. These should keep it free of the fluctuations that normally afflict the economy of the western provinces.

CHAPTER III

GROWTH AND POPULATION Knowledge of City population and growth are basic tools for planning. A history of Edmonton's growth is given to better understand the predictions which are later made. In 1870 the Canadian Government took over the administration of Rupert's Land, and the following year claims were permitted outside the Hudson's Bay Reserve. The first claim, by Reverend George McDougall, was located on the site of the present McDougall Church. Further claims were taken along both sides of the river, and by 1882 with a population of about 300, the Edmonton Settlement contained coal, feed, lumber and brick industries. By 1902 the population had reached 5,000 within the Towns of Edmonton and Strathcona covering an area of five square miles. (See Drawing No. 1 and No. 2) With the arrival of the railways, development increased considerably. By 1914 the population had risen to 72,500 and to keep pace with the expected growth, the City's incorporated area had been increased to 40 square miles. However, with the collapse of the land boom and the recession that followed, it was not until 4o years later that any further notable annexations were required.

During World War II Edmonton's title of "Gateway to the North" was enhanced by such major developments as the Alaska Highway and the Canol pipeline. However, the recent population boom followed the oil discovery in the Leduc area in 1947. This oil development led to the establishment of multi-million dollar industries and the creation of new residential areas. Population more than doubled, from 118,541 in 1947 to 294,967 in 1962. The necessity of providing land for residential expansion required the annexation of some 30 square miles to the City, bringing the present total area to 68 square miles. (See Drawing No. 3). It was during this period that substantial population expansion had also occurred in the suburb of Jasper Place, and the more detached communities of St. Albert and Sherwood Park. Beyond this area population has grown rapidly in Fort Saskatchewan, Morinville, Stony Plain and Leduc. 2. Population Characteristics in 1980 Studies of population characteristics and trends to 1980 reveal a number of important factors. The out-labour segment of population (persons not employed) should grow much larger, thus indicating a proportionntely greater need for more schools, homes for the aged, hospitals and other similar facilities. The long term trend towards larger populations in the older age groups as a result of advanced medical knowledge and better social services will cause increased demands for old age housing accommodation. In addition to homes for the aged, special building provisions for the older

people should be considered. The movement of population from rural areas of the region to urban areas is likely to continue since rural population increase is primarily due to natural increase. This natural increase is subject to less fluctuation than immigration which is the basic cause of City growth. The urban to rural population movement in the Metropolitan Area is equally important. The distribution of population between rural and urban areas indicates an increase in rural population in the Metropolican Area and a decrease in the region. Edmonton's suburban population increase has been largely contained within its boundaries and is in contrast to other cities whose populations have generally dropped. Edmonton has been the second fastest growing area in Canada in the last ten years, with immigration accounting for over 80 per cent of the increase. These population movements will likely continue up to0 1980, although large scale annexations could alter them somewhat. There is an internal population movement from the older homes and basement suites to the better, newer, housing areas. This has been followed by an immigration movement to the vacated older homes and basement suites. Planning suitable accommodation to meet the needs of this immigrant population should be required as a part of the overall housing programme. Densities are low at the periphery with the development of new neighborhoods for family accommodation that contain good open

space standards. The higher income residential areas have a laver density, due to the larger lot sizes. The higher densities found downtown are a result of immigrant population in some areas and the extensive development of apartments in others. Growth of the single family type will likely continue at a somewhat greater rate in south Edmonton than elsewhere. Generally densities in Edmonton on a gross basis average about ten persons per acre, whereas, on a net basis there is a distribution of about 18 persons per acre. The range of densities varies from about 45 to 1 on a traffic zone basis which generally runs in a radial pattern from the centre outward. Densities are generally low but the City could hold a considerably higher density than it does, if necessary. Since there is no shortage of land in Edmonton as in some communities the trend towards a very high density will be somewhat less than it would be where land is a scarce commodity. Generally, the peripheral areas are sought for family accomiodation while single persons and families without children concentrate at the core. Thus, one bedroom suites, bachelor suites, and rooming houses, are indicated at the core, whereas, the row house type of unit, together with single family homes, are needed at the outskirts. The large number of children anticipated in Edmonton in the next few years will place a strain on school facilities. The 22 to 24 year age group is also very high in Edmonton indicating a need for recreation and other suitable facilities to suit these young people. More people are marrying at a younger age - indicating an increased

rate of family formation in the future. Suitable accommodation to meet this need will be required. The effect of migration has been clearly marked in Edmonton particularly during and after the war years. Migration has varied from 1,500 to 10,000 persons per year or three per cent of the population (largely younger people). It is impossible to predict immigration because it is affected by political as well as economic factors. Generally periods of high prosperity are accompanied by high immigration and periods of low prosperity are accompanied by low immigration rates. Immigrants have settled in older neighborhoods such as McCauley and Alex Taylor where low rental or low cost accommodation is available. Edmonton's population is marrying at an increasingly early age and a growing proportion of females are marrying before the age of 20 and in the 20 to 24 age group. This trend should increase the birth rate which is presently at 30.5 per 1000 population. Birth rates have generally increased for some time but they have in recent years dropped slightly. There are fewer women in the child-bearing age class proportionately to gross population than any other year since 1916. Fertility rates have increased slightly however and are now about 14.5 per 100 females. Edmonton's birth and natural increase rates are higher than Canada's or Alberta's. In 1980 the middle-age group (45 to

64) will

be relatively

small and the 65-plus age group will have increased but not as much

as in some cities which traditionally attract retired persons. The child-bearing age group should be substantial by 1980,thus the rate of natural increase can be expected to be high at this time as well. Population is expected to grow rather steadily but at an increasing rate towards the end of the forecast period, depending upon a number of variable factors, such as, people's attitudes, economics, and migration. The 0 to hand 14 to 19 year age group should be very large by 1980 requiring a strong demand on educational and recreational facilities. There is a long term trend towards greater family formation, thus, requiring more homes per unit of population than today. There are strong indications that households for single people will be in demand as well.

The large ethnic groups in Edmonton are British followed by the Germans and the Ukrainians. There will probably be over 83 per cent either Canadian-born or British-born by 1980. This indicates the predominant group will have the customs, beliefs, and attitudes of the English speaking countries. The Indian, Metis, and foreign-born will continue to comprise the minority groups by 1980. The largest church groups are assumed to be the United, Roman Catholic and Anglican in that order. World populations are expected to continue to increase rapidly as a result of the application of science and technology to

many of the more underdeveloped countries. Edmonton and district in company with other urban centres and rural areas in the western world are bound to be affected by the world population explosion to a degree which is unpredictable at the present time. A number of factors favour population growth in Edmonton. The geography and climate could tolerate considerable population increase although extremes of climate are not Edmonton's most appealing characteristic. The resource potential of the Edmonton District is outstanding and holds real promise as one basis for expecting an increasing population by 1980. Edmonton's business climate is good and economic prospects appear bright. The transition from primary to secondary industrialization which Edmonton is now experiencing is generally accompanied by a population increase. The population structure has large numbers of younger age groups indicating a strong future population potential. Better farming techniques in the district are releasing rural population to the City. Edmonton, is the dominant city in its district; the rapid increase of population that is expected to be felt in the district will be reflected by Edmonton. Historically Edmonton has and will continue to attract a large population. Some factors could cause a decline in population and at least offset or retard some of the anticipated increase. Edmonton's economy in recent years has been influenced by the development of volatile resources - oil and gas; the depletion of these resources

without a corresponding increase in other industrial activities could result in a population exodus. The great distance to large markets may prevent some of the population increase normally resulting from secondary manufacturing of local products which are now being shipped outside the area for processing. Competing cities, such as, Winnipeg, Calgary, and Vancouver may draw population from Edmonton because of attractions that are found in these cities.

Population Projections Population projections are the extensions of plausible

patterns of growth from the past to the future. They are no more than illustrative calculations based on certain general assumptions and are, therefore, no better than their bases. Statements of population size at a specific time are given on the assumption that the birth rate, death and migration rates that were used in their preparation should actually occur in later years. A number of population projections were completed. Graphical methods and projections of totals were discarded as being unsatisfactory. The Cohort Survival Method was used since an economic base projection had been completed earlier by the Edmonton District Planning Commission which predicted a Metropolitan population of 660,000 persons in 1980. The results of the City Planning Departments projections ranged from 570,000 to 715,000 for the Edmonton Metropolitan Area. For the City in 1980 it was calculated that Edmonton could well have a population ranging from 550,000 to 600,00 or more, assuming normal trends for a variety

of related variables and particularly a modest immigration rate. These projections were derived in the face of very difficult problems, such as, estimating future immigration; calculating what future population will live in the City and what population will live in the Metropolitan Area; and suggesting what the incorporated limits of Edmonton might be by 1980; and what communities the so called Metropolitan Area in 1980 might include. However, if the conservative trends of the past are continued in this regard, the population of the City could be close to 600,000 and the population of the Metropolitan Area could be close to 700,000. Metropolitan population in the Edmonton Area could well reach one to one and three-quarters of a million people, perhaps in half a century or more. Such a possibility indicates the need for planning to 1980 that will permit growth and development for a much larger City and a much larger Metropolitan Area. Since there are a large number of factors that could alter these projections they will, of course, be subject to continuous review.

Population Distribution The distribution of the Metropolitan population can be

illustrated from a breakdown of the population projections completed by the Edmonton District Planning Commission for the Metropolitan Traffic and Transportation Study as follows:

Population Projections for 1980 1961 Edmonton Jasper Place Rural Sherwood Park St. Albert Morinville Ft. Saskatchewan Leduc Devon Spruce Grove Stony Plain

1980

284,987 30,515 2,570

517,300 52,200

4,o46 948 3,305

35,000 10,000

2,558 1,522 398 1,408

14,000 3,000 1,000 2,500

332,257

670,000

8,000 25,500 1,500

Whatever the exact Metropolitan population will be in 1980, the general population distribution shown above will probably hold true, with only minor alterations, such as, the exact number of communities that will be included in the Metropolitan Area and what populations each will contain. This distribution illustrates the population movement from the City to the rural cammunities of the Metropolitan Area. The population of these satellites is expected to increase at a far greater rate than the City itself. This movement of population is expected to be more pronounced by 1980 than it is today. Some observations are necessary regarding the distribution of the projected City population. Population in the Central Area should double its present population to equal about 120,000 persons by 1980.

Gross densities are expected to increase from 10 to 15 persons per acre to 30 to 40 in the residential ring surrounding the Central Business District. Most of the residences in the Central Business District should eventually disappear while concentration of employment here is expected to increase from 80 to 170 persons per acre by 1980 resulting in a higher daytime and lower night-time population. On a housing unit basis population will probably average close to 4.6 persons per unit in the new neighborhoods and about 2.1 in the Central Area. This illustrates the preponderance of large families in the low density peripheral neighborhoods and the childless and single persons characteristically in the Central Area.

5. Growth Patterns The general urban pattern in 1980 should be similar to the present City. In order to suggest patterns for urban growth in 1980 it is important to consider growth patterns beyond this. It is expected that Edmonton's long term growth will continue in a compact form,spreading out in almost every direction over a topography that has few permanent or insurmountable obstacles to impede the flow of urban growth. There appears to be no evidence at present to recommend the limitation of the growth of the City to any fixed optimum size. The only limitations to growth appear to be those that might

be placed on the City as a result of the design of the urban elements such as utilities, services and government administration. It is recommended that community and neighborhood designs be created as relatively self-sufficient units which will not be adversely affected by the accumulated growth of the City beyond these units at a later date. A flexibility in design is recommended so that increased population and growth will not require unrealistic redevelopment of services, utilities and a reorganization of the administrative structure in order to accommodate it. Instead, if a flexible, organized pattern of servicing and developing is followed, in orderly stages, the increased population will simply require development following a preconceived plan. Finally; it is recommended that all design be undertaken with the expectation that Edmonton will grow to be a large City exceeding a million persons at some time in the future.

Growth of the Urban Components The urban components of this anticipated surge of growth

deserve particular attention. It is recommended that the agricultural land into which the City will expand be maintained as agriculturally productive land as far as practicable and until the time for transition from rural to urban use. The provision of this "agricultural area" on the edge of urban growth is intended to prevent undesirable urban sprawl; to promote orderly growth and to protect valuable resources. It is recommended that the outward spread of industrial growth be confined more to the southeast and the northwest areas so that

the balance of land available to urban growth at the periphery will be more in keeping with the projected land use requirements of about 5 to 1 for residential land as compared to industrial land. (Peripheral land available under the present Preliminary District Plan restricts this to a ratio of about 2 to 1). It is estimated that by 1980 the Central Area of Edmonton,which includes the Civic Centre Area, the Government Centre Area, the Central Business District and areas of high-rise residential development,will contain a greatly increased concentration of growth over that presently existing and probably will grow much larger beyond 1980 in a westerly and southerly direction. It is recommended that the natural area of discard east of the Central Area that has been left in the wake of central growth and movement should be stabilized by the implementation of the Civic Centre Plan and by a policy of careful redevelopment. The patterns of growth anticipated in Edmonton may be considered generally in terms of sectors and concentric rings although some multiple nuclear growth has occurred in Jasper Place, and Beverly and some axial growth along the Calgary, Fort and St. Albert Trails, and Highways 16A and 14 and 16 East. These sectors and rings are shown on Drawing No. 13. Each of these segments are unique to a certain extent because of variations in their economic, physical, and social features. The five major segments of residential growth are the Northeast Sector (1) where considerable expansion is

anticipated; the St. Albert Sector (3) where City growth is limited by a policy to maintain a separate identity for St. AlbelL; the Jasper Place Sector (5) where growth will be slower because of soils, services,and'a-consequent phasing policy; the Riverside Sector-

(6)

where considerable growth is anticipated; and the Southwest Sectd:1%. (7) where the bulk of residential expansion is anticipated. The Namao Sector (2), the Southeast Sector (8) and the No/ hwest Sector

(4) are

limited for long term residential growth by the Namao airport

and industrial development. The industrial rings in Sectors 4,

8, 9

and 10 should be largely restricted to almost unlimited industrial expansion. (See Industrial Chapter Summary.) This analysis was based on a careful review of growth potential; soil conditions; agricultural land quality; aspect and view; barriers to growth; road access; utility access; undesirable site features and possible conflictions of interest and land use. The extent of growth on a long term basis (when the City reaches a million population) is calculated as follows: Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector

5 2

5.8 Sections 5.0 Sections 4.9 Sections Sections 3.0 Sections 2.5 Sections 2.1 Sections 28.0 Sections

It is recommended that the following policy decisions

controlling growth be adopted; and steps taken to implement these policies on a regional basis. 1. No residential expansion should be permitted in sectors 4, 8, 9 and 10 except where it is already designated in the Preliminary District Plan near Sherwood Park. 2. Urban development in Sector 3 should be restricted to ensure that a reasonable "greenbelt" is maintained between the Town of St. Albert and Edmonton for the Plan period limiting development to agricultural and institutional uses. 3. Growth patterns in Section 2 and 3 should be restricted because of the presence of the Namao Airport and the need to protect its flight paths. 4. In Sector 5 industrial development should be restricted to areas north of Highway 16. 5. In Sector 9 a permanent agricultural zone or other open space is recommended between Sherwood Park and the long term industrial land requirements in this area.

6. It is recommended that growth in Sherwood Park be restricted from expanding northwards and westwards when the designated residential land in the Preliminary District Plan is used. 7. The establishment of new satellite and dormitory communities should be discouraged in the Metropolitan Area of 1961 outlined by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics (this includes the Town of St. Albert, Sherwood Park and the intervening rural land) and that elsewhere satellite development should be encouraged around existing communities. 8. Regional park and recreation areas should be established along the river valley and ravine systems in, a continuous pattern, joining other major parks and the outlying "greenbelt" where possible.

311

It should be understood that all growth patterns will be affected by future living habits; restrictions in legislation; governmental policy; economic and social factors; as well as by many other matters and that the anticipated -patterns of growth discussed in this Plan should be continually reviewed and the Plan adjusted where necessary.

CHAPTER IV

RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT Residential planning for 1980 has considered what kind of people we can expect in Edmonton by 1980 and the type of accommodation that will be provided at that time. Generally, the people of 1980 should not differ too much from the people of today, at least in regard to their housing needs. Land should be made available for the basic social institutions with some increase in the provision of space for cultural, recreational and welfare institutions over what has been provided to date. The people of 1980 will probably be dominantly Anglo-Saxon in origin although a large part of Edmonton's population will still consist of recent immigrants. The immigrants together with local Indian and Metis populations will require a low cost type of housing. The increasing mobility of the population expected by 1980 indicates that the planning of housing should be oriented toward the transportation systems. Anticipated changes in technology will demand a higher education and the emphasis on providing a larger number of diversified institutions of education is suggested as a part of the plan for 1980. ate freedom of population movement in 1980 should be even more pronounced than it is today and

planning for transient population should be another important aspect of the Plan. There is no evidence of any severe social stratification in Edmonton by 1980 that would require any special planning to accommodate a particular group of people and moreover it is recommended that social integration be encouraged by our neighborhood planning.:

The housing required to accommodate the population of 1980 should be similar to what we have today. It should include a large number of single family dwellings and walk-up type apartments; a highrise type of housing; duplex and row housing; homes for aged; trailer parks; dormitories; hotels and motels; and converted housing. It is expected that the housing stock will double by about 1975, in order to meet the needs of the population at that time. Generally, the objective of the Plan in regard to housing is to ensure that the necessary space will be provided for a minimum standard of accommodation for all the people expected in Edmonton by 1980. Such accommodation should have sufficient variety in order to meet the needs of all types of people at all income levels. Some particular attention must be paid to the provision of suitable housing for the old age population which is expected to increase, the low income groups, and the handicapped groups. The preparation of a Housing Code for Edmonton is recommended as a method of helping to ensure a minimum standard of housing for all concerned.

Edmonton's residential areas are divided into five general categories as follows; two low density residential districts, medium density residential districts, high density residential districts, and country residential districts. Many of these residential areas, especially the ones within reasonable distance of the Central Business District and presently in a state of transition, are expected to be more stabilized by 1980 with the predominant land use as indicated on Drawing No. 14. The existing community structure of all residential areas should be recognized and their character intensified by the continuation of the system of communities, each comprising several neighborhoods, which should be as selfcontained as possible, without endangering the sense of healthy interdependence between them. The breakdown of the residential land use categories is described in detail as follows: The first Low Density Residential Area consists primarily of single family dwellings. These areas, where net density should not exceed 35 persons per acre, are the most restrictive of all residential land use. The majority of these areas have been constructed since 1950 and are presently controlled under the Zoning Bylaw. This category also makes provision for residential expansion needs to 1980 and planned to contain balanced housing accommodation needs. The second Low Density Residential Area primarily comprises two family and terrace dwellings. The two family areas. in most instances

have developed from conversions of single family dwellings. Purposedesigned two family areas are generally provided in appropriate locations and to provide a suitable separation between single family dwellings and commercial development, main thoroughfares, and multiple family development. This classification also includes terraced dwelling developments which provide higher density family accommodation. The density in these areas should not exceed 60 persons per net acre.

The Medium Density Residential districts consist of mixed residential developments and include, amongst others, small apartment buildings and conversion of older, large houses. The maximum net density which should be allowed in these districts is 96 persons per acre. The majority of these areas are old established neighborhoods reasonably accessible to the Central Business District and major subcentres and where much of the housing has reached an age and condition which may justify conversion or redevelopment during the period of the Plan.

The net density of High Density Residential areas may range from 96 to 300 persons per acre. The High Density Residential areas generally conform to the medium and high density apartment districts regulated under Interim Development Control but includes additional areas which may be required by 1980. High Density districts are located predominantly in the older, more established areas conveniently

accessible to the Central Business District, the Government Centre and the University. The factors that have influenced the location of these developments are close proximity to employment centres, good transportation facilities and an attractive living environment. Proximity to the river valley will continue to influence the growth of major apartment structures, to take full advantage of the view of the river valley.

The existing country residential districts provide for housing developments of above average quality at scenic locations. These relatively small areas may require reclassification when they are reached by urban expansion within the forecast period of the plan. Generally, land for residential purposes must be available to house the population of Edmonton in 1980. It is important to note that accommodation should be available for population that is displaced as a result of: (1) residential lands converted to roadways, commercial or industrial developments and parkland, (2) overcrowded houses under urban renewal, and (3) enforcement of minimum zoning and building standards.

The projectione_forrebidettial land use were based on the Metropolitan Traffic and Transportation Study which estimates residea.6tial land use needs by acreage and units to 1980 for individual communites and neighborhoods described for convenience as traffic zones. The results of natural structural aging as well as the changes in

11.0

population density and composition anticipated for each zone by 1980 were estimated, and any reasonably firm development guides, such as the proposed zoning, downtown plans, new residential plans, and so on were followed where they were available. The extent of residential development was limited by the population control figure of 660$000 agreed on for the Metropolitan Area. The projection of multiple family units included all structures with more than two units. A number of factors were considered as well as the natural trends described above, in determining how realistic the forecast for multiple units was. These included the increased rate of multiple-family construction as shown by building permit records; the need for intensive development on high cost downtown lots in order to achieve economic development; modern building technology that is now available permitting low-cost suites in towertype developments that have many of the amenities of the single family way of living; the increased availability of mortgage money for multiple-family development; the uzban dwellers changing way of life; and finally a comparison with rthldential land use distributions of other cities. It is important to re-examine periodically the distribution of residential uses proposed for 1980 or as soon as new or better information on the subject becomes available. In any eventj immediate zoning should be based on a flexible plan programmed for short intervals within the plan period. The results of the Metropolitan Edmonton Transportation Study survey are as follows:

Single Family %

Two Family %

Multiple Family

1961 Acreage

6,876

ggo

475

1980 Acreage

13,096

1,254

1,193

1961 Units

46,994

15,065

19 16,329

1980 Units

82,373

15,606

10 54,014

The results of this study in terms of population are shown in Drawing No. 12. Chapters IV and IX of the Draft Plan describe the changes in residential areas and units generally and in some detail. Drawing No. 12 summarizes the general distribution of residential land by density groups for 1980. Residential growth patterns by 1980 indicate that the largest spatial expansion should be in a southwest direction and to a lesser degree the northeast following the river valley and ravines where the most desirable residential land in the City is located. Limited growth is expected to the north and west, and growth to the southeast will simply fill-out the limited residential land available in that area. Residential development is expected to fill-out the vacant land now contained within the City boundaries and in addition it is expected to require some 3,371 acres beyond the present City boundary. About 428 acres of this would be located in the northeast area on the northside of the river amounting to some 2,003 acres. Residential densities are expected to increase in the central area and should house some 120,000

)42

people by 1980. Drawing No 12 shows the distribution of population anticipated in 1980,as well as today on a zone or unit basis. Drawing No. 13 shows the extent of development to 1980 by urban sectors as well as possible extensions that could occur when the City reaches a million population.

r!1!11,1i111111",'!, ,

1. An Area in Transition.

A. HIGH RISE APARTMENTS

2. Self-contained Living.

3. Outdoor living Space.

4. The Project Apartment with Open Space for children.

B. WALK- UP APARTMENTS

5. Apartment with Limited Play Space.

6. Natural Urban Renewal from Old Housing to New Apartments.

B. WALK-UP APARTMENTS

7. The Residential Neighborhood in Transition.

8. The New Accommodation and the Old.

â&#x20AC;&#x17E;

C. DUPLEXES

9. A District of Semi-attached Duplexes.

D. TERRACED DWELLINGS

10. Low Rental Terraced Dwellings.

11. Home-owned Terraced Dwellings.

:1.i..11111111111111111 '11111

1111111111111111 -tli'i,!

12. Typical Housing of Pre-1921 District.

E. SINGLE FAMILY HOMES

13. Housing of the Post 1950 District.

14. Housing of the Post War Period.

15. Two Storey Homes.

F. A DESIRABLE VARIETY OF HOUSING TYPES

16. One and a Half Storey Homes.

17. Bungalow Dwellings.

18. Variety in

Design along Neighborhood Crescents.

G. GOOD NEIGHBORHOOD DESIGN

19. Spacious settings in Exclusive Residential Districts.

Avoid these residential conditions:

20. Low Income Housing in Crowded Downtown Edmonton.

NGcmSmilmit 111W CUNNINGS WEL4D18LI

21. Houses adjacent to Industrial Establishments.

Avoid these residential conditions:

22. Overhead Lines and Lane Access.

23. Mixing Residential and Commercial Uses.

24. The C.B.D. Invasion of Residential Areas.

Avoid these residential conditions:

'0\ 01 \41,\\\ 111,1:11 1\\1111.1.1.1,1,1tIlIt' i

lllll

25. Structurally Unsound Homes.

26. Homes with Insufficient Sideyards and Lot Size.

27. Homes that have Streets crowded with business vehicles but with limited or no Offstreet Parking.

CHAPTER V

PARES AND RECREATION

Publicly owned park and recreational facilities in Edmonton include family recreation, park areas, tot lots, playgrounds, sport facilities, planetarium, zoo, tourist campsites, swimming pools and community leagues. Privately owned facilities include golf driving ranges, golf courses, curling rinks, and bowling alleys. A number of areas of zoned parkway are intended to create a continuous park area along the river valley. Some of these areas must yet be acquired and zoned to realize the objective. The locations of existing, potential and proposed park and recreational facilities are shown on Drawing No. 3.

By using a study of the established recreational standards of this continent and the United Kingdom, a modified standard has been established, which is the minimum necessary to meet the demands of Edmonton's park and recreation requirements. Edmonton is fortunate that much of the land required is now owned by the City. New neighborhoods will involve relatively large expenditures for park and recreation areas.

The following policy statements are therefore recommended: 1. To provide suitable park and recreation facilities and open space to serve every segment of Edmonton's population. 2. That the minimum standards as recommended in the 1955 "Report on Active and Passive Recreation Park and Open Space. Facilities Within the City" as received by the City Council in 1955, shall be accepted and used as amended on the basis of need for present and future planning. 3. To promote and develop recreational facilities on publicly owned land in joint or co-operative manner with agencies or institutions for public use. 4. That development, operation and use of all parks and recreational facilities designated for public use, shall be planned, designed, constructed, maintained, operated and administered in accordance with the Parks and Recreation Bylaw. 5. That the acquisition, retention, development and opening for the public use of the Edmonton River Valley and it's tributaries be a major policy of Council. Drawing No. 29 shows the Edmonton Recreation Region. Drawing No. 30 shows the Edmonton Recreation District. The sketches of a proposed Conservatory are illustrative of the future park and recreation planning that is proposed throughout the Plan.

THE RIVER VALLEY AND ITS TRIBUTARIES

1 A view of the contiouoo, green licit in Edmonton.

--saweassia

-111111:=IrtitrIme-01""q1C-,---'

2. Children's Zoo, a special Recreational Area.

PROPOSED CONSERVATORY SHOWING

TEMPERATE HOUSE

CONSERVATORY

TROPICAL HOUSE

PERENNIAL GARDEN

•

.ri ••

• •

•

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CHAPTER VI

PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC BUILDINGS 1. Location Policy The conduct of government and the furnishing of essential public services requires many public buildings. As a general guide in the development of public and quasi-public buildings it is recommended that these facilities be located in the position best suited to ensure their proper functioning in relation to the other elements of the Plan. It is recommended that public buildings be well designed architecturally and that they be of a high standard of construction, which are both important in permitting these buildings to perform their function economically and efficiently over a long period. It is also recommended that the proper function of the building be determined and that the area it is intended to serve should. then be delineated. Those buildings, which are found to serve the entire Cit5 should be centrally located. Locating public facilities in the Civic Centre for example, has a number of advantages such as convenience to the public, ease of transacting business, economy of Conducting public affairs in buildings with shared facilities, ease of access, and the desirability of providing public buildings with

14-7

a central position of prestige. If the building is intended to serve a part of the City, such as a neighborhood or a community, then it should be located centrally or in the most accessible position possible to that area. It is recommended that all departments study' their future land use needs for public buildings and structures and that this information be passed to the Planning Department and other Depal ments involved so that adequate space, both in new subdivisions and in the downtown area, can be acquired as soon and as conveniently as possible. It would be desirable to adopt long range policies of locating and designing public buildings and structures including bridges, street lighting standards, hydrants and other street furniture in an attractive and pleasing manner which would not only assist in their individual functioning but would as well enhance the appearance of the street.

2. Civic Buildings

The following are some of the major buildings and services provided by civic administrations and anticipated requirements to ensure proper functioning in 1980. (a) Libraries

A new library will be located in the Civic Centre. (see Drawing No. 15). Five branch libraries are located in Edmonton and one is located in Jasper Place. Three bookmobiles operate in the City

and account for about 24 per cent of the book circulation. Children are the principal patrons of the bookmobiles. On the basis of present plans (a standard of one library per 27,545 persons

one main library and

23 branches are planned for 1980. However, if larger library buildings are used and if higher population densities result during the Plan period, then, one central library, 16 branches, and the bookmobile service will be provided by 1980. These include the present libraries. (b) Police Department The City Police Department has renovated the former Civic Block for use as a central station. The former Police Station will house the Magistrates' Courts. Police requirements vary with population. A general rule is that one policeman per 600 persons is required. On this basis the staff by 1980 coilld reach 1000. The Department plans include the provision for six additional substations by 1980 to serve the urban area at that time. Stations should be located centrally in the area they serve, however, the mobility of this Department is not as important a consideration as it is in the Fire Department. (See Drawing No. 15). (c) Fire Depax ment The Fire Department has twelve operational stations. The Department plans to provide twelve new stations to serve the urban area by 1980. Each station will serve about three-quarters of a

square mile downtown or one and one-half square miles elsewhere. The location of fire stations is most important to ensure ready access to all parts of the area served by the station. (See Drawing No. 15). (d)Health Clinics The five Health Clinics serving the City contain Well-Baby Clinics, innoculation and general medical facilities. The Health Department is a preventative and not a treatment agency. The sanitary inspectors examine restaurants, people handling food, lodging houses, schools and general housing. Each clinic is planned to serve from 50,000 to 60,000 persons. These clinics are generally located in places towards which people gravitate, such as shopping centres. Four new clinics are planned for operation prior to 1980. (See Drawing No. 15). A mobile clinic is being considered to serve areas not readily accessible to established clinics. (e) Cemeteries The present supply of cemetery land in Edmonton is limited and is not sufficient to last for the next 20 years. On the basis of projected popIllationâ&#x20AC;&#x17E; death rates and burial rates, it is expected that by 1980 another 75 acres will be required. This acreage may be reduced if there is increased acceptance of cremation as a substitute for burial. Such an acceptance may be partially offset by the

practice of advance purchase of burial plots. (f) Airport Three major airports are located in the Edmonton area. The Municipal Airport was established 40 years ago. The Namao airfield was constructed during the Second World War by the United States for use by military aircraft. The International Airport at Nisku has recently been completed by the Department of Transport for the use of civilian aircraft. At the time of its establishment the Municipal Airport was well separated from built up areas of the City and still had the advantage of being connected to the City Centre by the hard surface of Kingsway (then Portage) Avenue. The relatively short runways and development of adjacent areas of the City combined with the increased size of aircraft have greatly restricted the usefulness of the Municipal Airport. Nevertheless, it continues to provide a number of unique services to the community. One of these services is the provision of a base for the Edmonton Flying Club. The proximity of the airfield to the City is largely responsible for a sustained interest in flying training. A large nuMber of industries and other business interests maintain aircraft at the Municipal Airport as part of the normal communication media of the organization.

Its proximity to the wholesale and service centre of the City makes the airport an ideal base for northern commercial operations. The convenience of city hospitals is of vital importance, when critically ill or injured patients are flown to the City for medical attention. The availability of airport facilities is essential for the continued operation of aircraft maintenance and repair services provided by industries now located on the Municipal Ailport perimeter. (A recommendation on the AirporL is found under the part called "Land Use Map and General Purpose Thereof.") (g) Civic Centre The Civic Centre Area is a vital part of the central area of Edmonton. The general objectives incorporated in this Plan are as follows: "To enhance City Hall with a fine Civic Park, lending beauty and dignity to the centre of Edmonton. "To house governmental and cultural agencies on sites best suited to their growing needs, their purpose, and their importance in the comMunity. "To strengthen the existing downtown retail activity and encourage its expansion. "To realize the full potential for commercial development within the framework of ordered growth. "To create a dynamic urban centre, giving form to the city and a richer life to its citizens."

The final Plan that was adopted is shown on Drawing No. 16. A number of features of this Plan involve new City buildings. An addition to the City Hall is planned for the north side of the present structure. An underground parking garage will be located immediately north of the extension. A new library will be located on the north side of the present Market Square over an underground parking garage. Investigations have been undertaken to determine the feasibility of renovating the present Land Titles Offices to accommodate the Edmonton Art Gallery and Museum. It is unlikely that a decision will be announced until it is known whether the present building will be made available. A Coliseum has been proposed for an area west of 97th Street and north of Jasper Avenue. A Tourist Centre is proposed immediately west of the Coliseum. 3. Cultural Development It is recommended that Council continue its policy of encouraging cultural development and activities throughout the City.

4. Public and Separate Schools There are a number of general policies and trends that will affect school development during the Plan period. The number of children of school age is expected to increase during the Plan period at a faster rate than the total number of taxpayer; which will lead to increasing costs for schools during this period. The trend toward

more diversified and longer periods of education during this period will add to the costs. Some savings may be possible as a result of improved building techniques. It is recommended that new elementary and junior high schools should be designed for a life expectancy equal to that anticipated for the residential structures they serve. Some of the older downtown schools may require reconstruction.

If it is assumed future classes will equal about 30 pupils then on this basis elementary schools will have ideally 12 classes, the junior high school should accommodate about 24, and about 36 classes for a senior high school. These will serve one, three or four, and six to nine neighborhoods respectively. These will serve areas with a radius of one-half mile, one and one-half miles and more than one and one-half miles respectively. Specialized vocational training is expected to be provided at three or more senior high schools. Schools should generally be located centrally or in a position most accessible to the area they serve, and should be combined with parks where possible.

Future enrolments are based on population predictions, which indicate about 20 per cent of the future population will be of school age and that 67 to 70 per cent of this will be under the Public School Board. An increase of some 570 new classes is expected in 26 new elementary schools, 6 new junior high schools, and 3 new

senior high schools. It is recommended that the School Board work co-operatively with the Planning Department and the adjacent rural municipalities in studying future school needs since City growth into these areas could occur during the Plan period.

It is important that school planning proceed with residential planning since the school is an important building in the neighborhood. The need for joint planning of park land, school land (both public and private) and community needs is evident. Careful attention to the size of school areas is important as is the optimum use of the space finally allocated in the general public interest.

Separate schools are generally faced with similar problems and plans for 1980. About 30 per cent of the school population will probably be in such schools by 1980. Class room needs at this time appear close to 245 additional classes by 1980.

Hospitals The planning of hospitals for 1980 should consider the

development of modern medical practices and concepts of modern medical care. A number of proposals and avenues for research appear open to Hospital Boards and administrators in the planning of hospital facilities throughout the Plan period. For example, the trend in hospital care

to treat all types of medical cases in the general care type of hospital. One of the critical problems is the use of active hospitals by patients who are convalescing. Some system of following the patients movement from active hospitals to convalescent hospitals and so on appears needed. The long range planning of hospitals in Edmonton should consider growth prospects, not only in Edmonton,but in Edmontonts district as well. It would appear very useful to provide a co-ordinating body that would help to co-ordinate the hospital facilities now available in the City. Special clinics, out-patients department, dispensaries, health department clinics, public health services, convalescent homes, nursing homes, home care programs, would all be part of the greater Edmonton hospital plan which could be prepared and co-ordinated by the suggested body of hospital officials. As a general guide the location of hospital sites should be a result of the co-ordinated team-work between hospital boards and city departments and,where the need is indicated and the finances availablel sites should be selected where they are most accessible; have utilities; are free from noise, smoke, dust, odor, fire hazards, have adequate sunlight, ventilation; can be constructed at a reasonable cost; have a site area that will allow for 100 per cent expansion, recreational space, large grounds, parking and other flooded facilities.

The General Hospital has 371 beds and 69 bassinets. By 1968 an additional 129 beds are planned. At the existing site con-

struction is planned for a nursing school by 1964. The Misericordia has 326 beds and 60 bassinets. This hospital is to be relocated in Jasper Place by 1968. The new hospital will contain 550 beds and approximately 100 bassinets. An auxiliary hospital of 100 beds will complement the 550 beds. The University Hospital has 756 beds and plans to increase the number by 96 beds. There are also 112 bassinets. The Colonel Mewburn Pavilion is operated by the University Hospital for the Department of Veterans' Affairs. It has 239 beds which are not included in the hospital total. The size of the Cancer Clinic may be increased. At present it has only out-patients and a new building may add 70 in-patients. The recently completed Royal Alexandra Hospital has 654 beds for active treatment and 155 bassinets and the Maternity Hospital contains 134 beds. A pediatric pavilion to be completed by 1965 will accommodate 155 children.

Provincial Buildings Provincial government owned buildings in the City are mainly

located and will probably continue to be located in a Government Centre Area between 106th and 109th Streets and between the River Road and 99th Avenue. It is recommended that the City encourage in any way possible, under the General Plan, the continued development

of the Provincial Government Centre. Drawing No. 22 shows the proposed Government Centre. The area contains six provincial buildings including the Telephone Building. The province also has offices in 25 City buildings, most of which are government owned. Office space in the City is also occupied by the Albel a Government Telephones which has three buildings. The Alberta Liquor Control Board has a combined office and warehouse and ten liquor stores. There are five Treasury Branches in the City and Jasper Place. The Oil and Gas Conservation Board and the Workmen's Compensation Board also maintain separate offices. A new Court House is planned for the Civic Centre. The new Liquor Control Board warehouse has sufficient space to provide for 20 years. In addition to the ten outlets in Edmonton and Jasper Place the Board has a property at 106th Street and 102nd Avenue, which may be developed to provide an outlet with adequate parking for motorists. By 1980 enrolment at the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology may be double the present capacity and the Institute will require additional acreage to the west of the present location.

University The Edmonton campus of the University of Alberta occupies

the area west from 112th Street to 116th Street and south from

Saskatchewan Drive to University Avenue. In addition to University Buildings this area contains the Jubilee Auditorium, The Research Council of Alberta, the University Hospital and associated buildings such as the MeWbuln Pavilion, Aberhart Sanitoriumâ&#x20AC;&#x17E; Nurses Homes and Interns Residence. The University farm is located some distance south and west of the main campus. In addition to an experimental farm it includes the School for the Deaf which occupies 33 acres at the present time. Development of the land adjoining the fail' will have been completed within the period of the Plan and it is vitally important that any change in function for either private or public development should be properly integrated with the surrounding area. The development of the University is under the jurisdiction of a Board of Governors who are duly appointed by the Lieutenant Governor-in-Council, pursuant to the University Act. The development in the University area is, therefore, a Provincial and University matter.

The future development policy of the Board of Governors reflects the educational, the financial and other policies of the Provincial Government from year to year. It is evident that the University is a major consideration from a planning and traffic viewpoint in Edmonton. It is also evident that a considerable quantity

of traffic will be generated in the vicinity of the University and that it will create a demand for accommodation largely in the general university area. In discussions with officials of the University, the following plan proposals were suggested for 1980: a. An increase in full-time enrolment to 19,000. b. An increase in staff to 4,350 full-time and 770 part-time. c. An increase in residence accommodation to a total of 3,600 including 1,800 west of the Jubilee Auditorium and 1,800 in north-west Garneau. d. The annexation of approximately 53 acres in Garneau between 109th and 112th Streets and Saskatchewan Drive and 87th Avenue. The old Education Building will not be abandoned. Instead there will be a change of function - possibly for the Medical Faculty. f. The removal of all existing staff housing except for the Presidentts residence. g. The provision of new multi-family housing, up to 200 dwelling units for young married staff and graduate students on the University Farm west of 122 Street. h. The provision of parking facilities for all staff and 20% of the students not living in residence (a total of approximately 7,000 parking spaces). The University area includes these Special Developments: University of Alberta University Hospital Colonel Mewburn Hospital Aberhart Hospital Research Council Provincial Laboratory Old Education Building Jubilee Auditorium

4,350 Full-time Employees 2,300 45 255 400 200 50 50

The University Farm Area will contain the following: School for the Deaf (staff; plus 145 pupils) 140 Full-time Employees University Farm 60 Growth of the student population at the University of Alberta will continue at a high rate at both Edmonton and Calgary. Predictions that were considered optimistic are now found to be conservative. The increase in enrolment has been at an average of about 12 per cent per year for the past six years. Projections to 1970 indicate that as many as 13,000 students will be on the Edmonton Campus and that about 19,000 will be there by 1980. Barring unforeseen circumstances the University appears to be facing a period of expansion and development. (See Drawing No. 24 shaving University for further detail.)

8. Federal Buildings Federal buildings include the Federal Building, the Oliver Building, the main Post office, the Charles Camsell Hospital, Colonel Mewburn Pavilion, Veterans Home, various military buildings, the south side Post Office and four Postal Stations and the R. C. M. P. Division HeadqualLers. ( See Drawing No. 25.) The Federal Government plan considers a doubling of facilities by 1980 which includes increasing the size of the Oliver Building, a new Postal Terminal, a Department of Transport Building, the new. Charles Camsell Hospital,

increased Federal Building accommodation. A central high-rise structure could accommodate some of the above. 9. Churches It is recommended that the design of new neighborhoods and redevelopment of older areas of the City consider the need for churches as a part of urban design and redevelopment. Often one church per 2,500 to 4/000 people is a rule of thumb, although on the average only about

per cent of the population is affiliated with

a church. A church plan is a necessary part of the City's General Plan. A study of the future downtown churches in relation to the suburban churches is also recommended.

At the present time 74 denominations in the City are represented by 233 churches. Seven major denominations have 145 of these while

belong to other sects. Indications are that there

will be 310 churches of which 196 will belong to seven major denominations and 114 to other groups. (See Dichwings No. 26 and 27.) 10. Edmonton Exhibition The Edmonton Exhibition Association presently operates buildings and facilities owned by the city over 87 acres, and it is

probable that additional acreage will be required by 1980.

CHAPTER VII

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT Edmonton owes its existence larâ&#x201A;Źply to the fact that it is a production centre for goods and services. It is, therefore, recanmended that the City give priority to industrial development in its policy programming. A history of industrial development is often useful in understanding and planning for the future growth and development of industry. Early industry in Edmonton was confined to the river valley principally because of the need of water for steam generation when power was required. The completion of a railway to Strathcona in 1891 led to the establishment of a number of small industrial enterprises between the present south side C.P.R. Station and the river bank. A rail line across the river in 1902 led to the establishment of a meat packing industry along the tracks in Mill Creek Ravine. In 1905 the Canadian Northern Railway entered Edmonton from the north east. A few years later the Grand Trunk Pacific

Railway entered the City from the east. The point at which the lines crossed in north Edmonton became the principal livestock marketing and meat packing area of the City. From north Edmonton one railway ran west along 127th Avenue. The other was built south west to 104th Avenue and then west to 121st Street. The early railwayoriented industry located along the line parallel to 104th Avenue. Later mixed industry located along 127th Avenue. A central industrial area developed between 104th and Jasper Avenues, and between 95th and 109th Streets. Industries located in the downtown area to take advantage of public transportation for employees, and show rooms conveniently located for sales purposes. During World War II new industries connected with aircraft located in the vicinity of the Municipal Airport. However, it was not until the oil discoveries of 1947 that the major period of Edmonton's industrial expansion occurred and resulted in the industrial areas south, south-east and east of the City being established. Substantial industrial development has also taken place north-west of the City. (See Map No. 10). Edmonton's manufacturing industry will probably continue to be locally oriented because of distance from large consumer markets but will grow as population and development increase in the Canadian Northwest. Although the manufacturing industry in Edmonton is

basically primary there is every indication that secondary industrialization will be more advanced by 1980. Continued improvement in transportation may permit certain products to be manufactured here and shipped economically to markets. Increased northern development could as well Improve Edmonton's position in manufacturing. Shipping raw materials to Edmonton's Metropolitan Area from the north may become more economical than shipment to eastern Canada. It is, therefore, imperative that transportation and resource development in Edmonton's trade area be encouraged as much as possible by the City. At the same time products imported from the east should be studied in the hope that some can be provided locally in the future. A comparison of industrial employment in 1961 and what is suggested for 1980 is as follows: 1961 Employees Primary employment Manufacturing's Construction Transportation, Storage Electricity, Gas & Water Trade Finance Service Unclassified

3,987 21,090 14,761 12,864 1,726 26,694 5,054 38,779 325 125,091

1980 Employees

3.2 16.9 11.8 10.1 1.4 21.3 4.o 31.0 0.3

7,520 42,640 22,570 22,570 3,510 57,680 12,540 80,260 1,510

3.0 17.0 9.0 9.0 1.4 23.0 5.0 32.0 0.6

250,800

Edmonton's manufacturing industry should include by 1980 foods and beverages, clothing, wood products, printing, publishing and allied

trades, iron and steel products, non-metallic minerals, products of petroleum and oil, chemical and allied, and miscellaneous (leather, textile, etc.). Anticipated employment and industrial land use needs for 1980 are summarized as follows: Industrial development will require the land shown on Drawing Nos. 11 and 12 by 1980 and it is vital that an adequate reserve be protected for industrial expansion to a million population. Throughout the past few decades employment in Edmonton has equalled 38 per cent of the total population; the projections herein are based on this relationship continuing. On this basis the 1980 employment projection for Metropolitan Edmonton equals 250,800 persons. Of this figure 17 per cent will likely be employed in manufacturing by 1980. Past trends indicate that this seems reasonable to assume and may even be conservative. This means a total of 42,640 people would be employed in manufacturing. The examination of secondary manufacturing employment indicates some interesting trends. Employment in the foods and beverages industry is expected to decline as a percentage, as should employment in the wood industry. Employment in the iron and steel industry and non-metallic mineral products industries on the otherhand should increase significantly as a percentage of total manufacturing employment. The anticipated employment and land needs for industry in 1980 is as follows:

(1) Foods and Beverages - Growth is directly correlated to growth of population in the region. Each category of this heterogeneous group is examined separately. (a) Meat Products Industries - This industry is the largest employer in the area and has a local and national market. In 1963 the four major plants had 2,500 persons on their payrolls and estimate their total employment at 3,400 by 1980. This indicates an employment total of 4,200 for the meat packing industry. It is estimated that total land requirementscould be 131 acres by 1980. (b) Bakeries - Bakeries tend to be market oriented. Past trends indicate a decreased employment in bakeries as a percentage of population and employment. If past trends continue employment would be 1,620 persons by 1980 as compared to 819 employees in 1960. It is estimated that about 19 acres will be required in 1980. (c) Dairy Products - Edmonton has only 4 per cent of all the Dairy Product firms in the Province, but these employ 35 per cent of the total Alberta employment in dairying. The 1980 employment is expected to be about 1,500 employees as compared to 881 for 1959 and the industry's acreage requirements amount to about 19 acres. (d) Soft Drinks - Employment in this ,industry is expected to be 300 persons by 1980 as compared to 192 in 1960, requiring about 10 acres. Increased productivity of the industry with a

minimum employment will prevent further increases. (e) Feed Manufacturers - It is expected that 366 employees will be engaged in this industry by 1980 as compared to 154 in 1960 and about 15 acres will be required. There will be more domestic plants in Edmonton replacing much .of the presently imported feed. (f) Other Foods and Beverages - Employment is estimated at about 1,000 persons by 1980 in this category which includes confectionery, fish products, flour mills, canneries and breweries, as compared to 415 employees in 1959. It is expected that there will be less imported material by 1980. (2) Leather Industries - Employment is estimated at 150 persons on about 5 acres by 1980 as compared to 53 acres in 1959. A larger part of the hides shipped east should be processed locally. (3) Textile Industries - Employment is estimated at about 650 persons, with acreage requirements of 149 acres as compared to 324 persons in 1959. The dry atmosphere limits higher .local production in this industry. (4) Clothing Industries - It is estimated that 2,166 employees will be engaged in this industry by 1980 as compared to 1,063 in 19$0. (5) Wood Industries - Employment could reach 1,650 persons by

1980, as compared to 1,030 in 1960, with acreage requirements of about

acres. Plastics and other materials are replacing some wood products. (6)Furniture and Fixtures Industries - On the basis of 1980

population and increased import replacement,a final employment estimate of 1,500 was determined as compared to 618 in 1960. On this basis acreage requirements are estimated at about 34 acres. Shipping these products is expensive and thus more local production can be expected. Law productivity of the industry demands a high employment rate. (7) Paper and Allied Industries - Employment is estimated at 900 persons by 1980 as compared to 327 in 1960 and total acreage requirements are about 15.0 acres. Asphalt is readily available for paper building products; paper is replacing wood as containers and recent pulp mill interest indicates a possible high employment in this industry. (8) Printing, Publishing and Allied Industries -About 2,045 employees are estimated in this category by 1980 as compared to 1,040 in 1960 and acreage requirements are estimated at about 14 acres. (9) Iron and Steel Products Industry - Employment is estimated at 10,600 persons by 1980 in this diversified category as compared to 2,915 in 1960. Acreage requirements of about

460

acres, plus storage

acreage is estimated. If an economic process of iron extraction is found then local steel manufacturing industry may locate in Edmonton. Steel industry has shown an interest locally and large iron

ore deposits have been found north of Edmonton. (Normal increase in this industry locally could account for a doubling of employment over 1960 figures.) (10) Non-metallic Mineral Products Industry - Employment is estimated at about 3,200 persons as compared to 980 in 1960, requiring about 320 acres by 1980. The use of concrete and other building products in construction will create strong demands on cement and other building supply industries. (11) Chemical and Allied Products Industries - By 1980 it is' estimated that this category would employ 2,200 people as compared to 988 in 1960 and would require about 1,017 acres. (12) Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries - This category includes scientific and professional equipment, jewellery and silverware, brooms and brushes, venetian blinds, plastic articles, sporting goods and toys, dressed furs, signs and displays. With some allowance for totally new industries, an estimated 1,500 employees in 1980 as compared to 344 in 1960 should be required and about 30 acres will be needed. Growth in this category has been rapid in recent years and is expected to continue such as in the plastics industry. This figure allows for anticipated new industry which should locate here but is unknown at this time. (13) Other Major Groups - This category includes rubber products, transportation equipment, electrical products, and petro-

leum products. Employment was estimated at 6,955 persons by 1980. Of this total 209 persons are expected to be employed by 1980 on 2 acres in the electrical and rubber products industry. About 1,530 are expected to be employed in petroleum refining on 900 acres. Employment of 5,216 persons is expected in transportation equipment manufacture by 1980 as compared to 2,700 in 1959, requiring 149 acres. Total acreage required is estimated at about 1/051 acres. New oil refineries and new coal product industries have expanded this category. These projections must be periodically reviewed as new knowledge comes to light. It is important that the industrial location requirements of various industries be studied so that industry can locate to advantage here and in fact can be invited to do so.

Modern economic theory suggests that growth of an area is dependent on its ability to export goods and services. A number of industrial analysis techniques were studied and are recommended as objects of continued research in a programme that would encourage a maximum of desirable industrial growth for Edmonton. The application of the location quotient to some important manufacturing industries, for example, indicated meat packing, butter and cheese,concrete products, and sash and door products to be important export types.

whereas, other foods and beverages, non-metallic mineral products and clothing are more of an import type. A commodity flow analysis in the Edmonton Region is recommended in order to determine those strategic commodity connections that should be safeguarded and expanded in local and regional planning. A regional cycle analysis is recommended for Edmonton to determine its peculiarities during economic cycles as a indication of how we can fortify the Edmonton Economy against sever economic depression. In this regard it is recommended that the areas activities in durables be increased and that diversification of industry be encouraged. Industry exports goods and services when it has a comparative cost advantage. It is, therefOre, recommended that studies of costs of productions in the Edmonton Area be undertaken to indicate what industries can locate here at a production cost advantage. The economic base of Edmonton should be expanded since it is this part of industry that earns income for the City and since a negative trade balance will result in the decline of employment and population. The service industries are expected to develop proportionately to serve the needs created by basic expansion. Planning must in every way accommodate basic industry and encourage it. It is recommended as a part of the industrial expansion programme that an input - output table be completed which would show for each industry what was required from other industry in the production of its goods and to what industries the final goods are disposed. Such an analysis would point out the

need for local supply industry and the general areas where the disposition of locally produced goods can be expected. Opportunity to invite appropriate industry could be one result of this study. The table would also enable the City to calculate the effect of one industry locating here as compared to another which woilld help in a programme of actively inviting industry to locate in Edmonton. Generally, industry should be encouraged which has a high degree of stability and resistance to adverse seasonal and cyclical fluctuations, has growth potential, is efficient, is of various sizes to avoid domination by a few, is diversified in product, functionally interdependent, and financially independent. Industry that has a real economic opportunity through locating here should be invited to do so. Industry should be diligently sought out and the opportunities that exist should be explained without promiscuous subsidization and the offering of special favours. The construction of buildings, the preparation of sites and the encouragement of citizen investment and participation are a part of such a policy. A city is particlilarly vulnerable to stagnation or depression if it is dependent on a limited number of products or industries. A policy of active diversification is, therefore, recommended. The diversity of manufacturing employment today is as follows:

Food & beverage

30.6%

Clothing

6.2%

Wood

6.0%

Furniture & fixtures

3.6%

Paper

1.9%

Printing & publishing

6.1%

Primary metal

6.5%

Metal fabricating

10.5%

Non-metallic minerals

5.7%

Chemical

5.8%

Miscellaneous

2.0%

Other Major Groups

15.2%

There is a need to balance the heavy employment in food, beverages and miscellaneous categories with other employment groups. A policy of encouraging resource development in the Edmonton Area is recommended since Edmonton's industrial future is closely linked with future resource development over a broad area. It is recommended that the City develop industrial estates or encourage others to do so in the public interest. The provision of sufficient land to provide a choice of locations and a variety of lot sizes and that would have the desired combination of services, utilities, transport facilities and other requirements is vital.

Edmonton must adopt a policy that will provide the important services that industry requires at a minimum cost and in ample supply. Water is one of the most important factors in determining basic industrial location. It is essential that adequate treatment and storage facilities be provided; that the best and most economic use of water be encouraged, and that waste disposal by industry be carefully policed to ensure that water supply remains a potential attraction for industry to locate in the Edmonton Area. The law cost of power and gas in the Edmonton Area should be safeguarded and improved in the future, if possible, to maintain Edmonton's competitive position in this regard. Transportation facilities in the form of air, rail, road, pipeline and perhaps water at some time, should be constantly improved to ensure that industry will have these facilities, if they should choose to locate in Edmonton. Edmonton is a major transportation centre for a large area and every means should, be used to ensure that it improves this position. There is a need for the co-ordination of public and private groups involved in industrial development and expansion. It is recommended that industrial zoning be based on modern manufacturing processes and prevailing policy of plant construction so that the most desirable relationship between land use

and services will evolve. Zoning on the basis of performance standards should be implemented under the Zoning Bylaw as soon as possible. Maximum allowable measures of noise, smoke, dust, dirt, odor, gas (toxic and non-toxic), glare, waste, vibrations, inflammability, explosiveness, heat and humidity, electromagnetic interference, nuclear waste, and so on should be a part of the industrial zoning. Sound industrial zoning can create attractive industrial areas where industry is operating at a peak of efficiency, which in itself is an attraction to industry. It is recommended that the City adopt a policy of encouraging industry to locate in the Edmonton Area with every means at their disposal. The anticipated industry for 1980 has been discussed in terms of type, employment and land needs. The present provisions for industry are as follows: The older industrial districts, particularly the packing plant and central areas can at present have only limited expansion. It is known that there is room in the packing plant area for expansion of plants now in operation but a study is required to determine where locations can be provided for additional packing plants in the same general area. The areas zoned for

industry on the city outskirts and in adjoining municipalities have the advantage of having industrial locations available, which are open for expansion on at least one side. The Edmonton Preliminary Regional Plan provides that an industry of a basic nature may locate in a low density agricultural area outside an industrial zone if some particular advantage is to be gained. At the present time 12,000 acres are designated for industry in the Metropolitan Area of which slightly over 3,800 acres are in Edmonton. The acreage zoned for industry in Edmonton is divided into Northwest, Northeast and South districts. The acreages in 1961 were:

Northwest Northeast South Total

Total

Used

1,184 981 1,667

610 492 462

574 489 1,205

3,832

1,564

2,268

Open

The land required for secondary manufacturing by 1980, including existing acreage used as such, could amount to 7,000 acres. This allows for the 3,400 acres projected as well as land for other uses, roads, railways, and industrial reserves. Once all the land available within the present City is used, about 4,000 acres will be needed beyond the City Boundaries for immediate needs and a further reserve of over some 6,000 acres should be safeguarded for future use. The distribution of this land is shown on Drawing Nos. 12 and 13.

This land was distributed on the basis of availability, need, least confliction of land uses, transportation plans, topography, and possible location sites of industry anticipated for 1980, as well as other factors. Generally industry is expected to distribute itself between: the industrial estate-type district to the Northwest, the Airport Industry, the Meat Packing Industry, Central and Rail oriented Industry, Mixed Industry to the South, the Mixed Industrial and Steel Area to the Southeast, and the Petrochemicals to the Northeast. Generally, it is recommended that the large land users (petrochemicals, etc.) and obnoxious type industries be encouraged to locate downstream south and east of the river, whereas, the less obnoxious and smaller land users should be encouraged in other areas. Industry in the northwest areas should be restricted to high quality types. Industry should be encouraged to locate in the airport, if it is basically airport oriented. Sufficient space for expansion and buffers should be planned for the Northeast industrial area. Generally the Southeast area has the largest area of land available for almost any kind and size of industry that may be seeking a site in Edmonton.

2. North West Mill & Feed Co. Ltd. established in 1892 is located on the southside --PHOTO BY CFRN-TV

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3. Swift Canadian Ltd., the largest meat packing plant in Edmonton. -PHOTO BY LADDIE PONICH

4. The Inland Cement Company Limited has expanded its huge plant twice since 1956 when it began operations. -PHOTO BY DAVID MILLER

5. Imperial Oil's refinery east of the city is the largest oil refinery in the area. -PHOTO BY IMPERIAL OIL LIMITED

:ail is one of the most modern plants in North will he the first new brewery in Edmonton in â&#x20AC;¢-PHOTO BY RANSOk

7. Canadian Bedding Co. Limited plant covers an entire city block in north-east Edmonton.

8. Silverwood Dairies Ltd. at its present location. It was originally located in the early 1900s near the present low level bridge.

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9. The Canadian Government Grain Elevators are located in one of sections of the city away from the residential sections.

he north-western industrial

10. View of the pilot plant at Mildred Lake in north-eastern Alberta here a four company group composed of Cities Service Athabasca, Inc., Imperial Oil Limited, Richfield Oil Corporation, and Royalite Oil Company, Ltd. is conducting studies leading toward the commercial extraction of liquid hydrocarbons from the Athabasca Tar Sands.

11. Vacant land available for heavy industry east of the city. Note the railroad cutting diagonally across this spacious area.

12. The Great Western Garment Company as it appears inside today. --PHOTO BY ALFRED SLYTH STUDIOS

13. This is Bremner Estate, an industrial park in north-west Edmonton. Note the ample railway and road facilities in this area which has been built up since the early 1950's. -PHOTO BY SPARTAN AIR SERVICES LIMITED

14. Northwest Industries, Ltd., important for aircraft parts and repairs. using the Municipal Industrial Airport. -PHOTO BY WELLS STUDIOS

15. Coca-Cola Ltd.. one of Edmonton's important producers of carbonated beverages. is also noted for its well kept grounds.

CHAPTER VIII

COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT 1. Downtown Edmonton The basic principles contained in Chapter Ten of the Draft General Plan are outlined in this section and are recommended as critical principles required to guide downtown development. At the same time it is recommended that the Chapter as a whole be used as a guide to downtown development. Overall Goals For Central Edmonton The purpose of setting goals for the planning of downtown Edmonton, is to create a common ground for agreement and a basis for the preparation and implementation of the Plan. It is hoped that there will be acceptance and application of these goals by private as well as public decision-makers, because acceptance by public agencies alone will be inadequate. (A) Communications Centre for a Vast Region, First of all, it must be recognized that the essential function of any central area -- and of central Edmonton -- is to serve as a centre for the exchange of ideas, goods, information and services. The prime function then, of central Edmonton,

should be to serve as a focal point of communications tying together the various parts of the Edmonton area, the various parts of the Edmonton and northwest Canada region, and connecting this area and this region to the world. (B) The Prime Functions of Downtown In order for central Edmonton to serve as a centre of communications, it must be the administrative, financial, governmental, and business headquarters of the metropolitan area and of the region. Thus, it must contain facilities to serve these functions. (C) Essential Related Facilities To further facilitate its role as a centre of communications, and to take advantage of and to enhance the attraction of the area, it should also contain substantial entertainment, cultural, meeting, restaurant, hotel and other related facilities that can serve persons coming to the area and that can make a visit to the area more profitable, informative and enjoyable. (D) Distinctive Character of Downtown Central Edmonton should be developed to have a distinctive character and to provide services and an environment that are not likely to be found any place but in a great regional centre.

Because of the great distances involved in the Edmonton region, a special effort must be made to make central Edmonton impressive enough to attract travellers from distant areas. It should be urbane, sophisticated, exciting, intensively developed, offering the greatest possible opportunities for obtaining personal services, merchandise, entertainment, and educational and cultural advantages. Central Edmonton should be an area of great contrast and variety; it should offer a sharp, rewarding, and stimulating contrast with the vast areas of wilderness and rural development around. The intensity, variety and pleasantness of development in central Edmonton should be such that it will not only attract people from throughout the region, but from other regions as well. (E) Arrangement and Accessibility The basic activities of downtown Edmonton should be grouped together in orderly fashion into compact areas so that they may better contribute to their own well-being and need for intercommunications and to benefit the downtown area as a whole. Such activity centres should be so arranged as to promote convenient movement of pedestrians, goods and vehicles. Downtown, as a whole, must be readily and conveniently accessible from the greater EdmontaiirArea.

(F) Downtown As A Unique Symbol Central Edmonton must be capable of serving as a worthy and attractive symbol of the City, of the metropolitan area, and of the great region of northwest Canada. As such, it must be attractively developed in terms of detailed building and site design as well as in terms of overall skyline and visual arrangement. An important and essential element to be emphasized in the development of central Edmonton is its unique site overlooking the Saskatchewan River. Central Edmonton must be developed to capitalize and to enhance this unique and invaluable asset. Central Area - Principles It has been stated--and truly so-- that form follows function. Thus, aircraft are shaped to meet the wind, and auditoria reflect seating and stage requirements. A good city--and its parts--must also be designed to fit the functions they must serve. Edmonton's neighborhoods have been built to provide the quiet and safety required for family living. So too, Edmonton's Central Area should be developed to serve as a centre for communications--an area in which ideas, goods, talents and services can be exchanged

easily, efficiently, and with maximum effectiveness -- an area in which large numbers of personal face-to-face contacts can be readily and pleasantly made. There are six basic principles for the design of central Edmonton as an important centre of communications: 1.

Access: Efficient, attractive access to central Edmonton should be maintained... - from the whole of the Edmonton Metropolitan Area. -from anywhere in the Edmonton Region. - from other regional centres.

To provide good access it is necessary to... - give priority for the use of Central Area streets to traffic destined to or from that area. - divert traffic not destined to the Central Area around it. - provide good transit service to all important destinations within the area. - provide parking and other terminals within six to eight hundred feet of all major destinations within the area. - provide efficient connections between approach routes and these terminals.

84.

Circulation: Efficient, attractive circulation within the Central Area should be maintained..... - to promote ease of movement (most importantly for pedestrians) and to encourage free face-to-face contact. - secondly, for vehicles (Transit, autos and trucks) - to permit easy, ready parking, pickup, and drop-off of passengers and goods delivery.

To provide good internal circulation it is necessary to: -reduce through-traffic movements in the area to a minimum. -provide special facilities for transit movement. -provide a fine network of special pedestrian facilities as free from traffic conflicts, as pleasantly designed, and weather protected as possible. -maintain a high standard of street design, in terms of both efficiency and aesthetics. 3

Compactness: Major activities of the Central Area should be compactly arranged.. -to facilitate transit and vehicular circulation between various parts and to permit development of workable plans for parking and major streets.

-to promote maximum ease of pedestrian movement between related functional buildings. Compactness in Central Edmonton will require: -the overall extent of Central Area functions be confined. -major activities -- such as the government centre, the civic centre and major retail and office functions--be arranged in compact groups. 4. Appropriate Development: Development in central Edmonton should be of a suitable type, and of proper design to serve Central Area activities.. -office, major shopping, hotel, theater, convention, religious and meeting facilities, restaurants and others that can help the area serve its communications function. -developed on a large scale, prompting efficiency in the use of land, compactness in the location of related uses,.... supporting special facilities for parking, loading and pedestrian movement

and which can be located and

designed to provide a desirable appearance in terms of plazas, skyline and views. 5. Appearance and Symbolic Values: Development in Central Edmonton should be attractively designed to enhance the main features of the site. -the exciting and satisfying views of the Saskatchewan River Valley from the Central Area.

-the impressive views of the Central Area skyline that can be had from many parts of the City. Obtaining an exciting, pleasant appearance requires attention to: -the creation and proper location of a number of selected "landmark" features ... tall buildings, plazas, statuary, and other specially designed features. -the maintenance of wide variety in building and street design, heights, widths, forms, shapes, architectural detail and relationships to other developments. -high standards in the design of signs, street furniture, sidewalk and street pavements and other details of development.

Supporting Development: Areas around and within central Edmonton that are not needed for key Central Area functions should be developed with strong supporting activities ... - centrally oriented apartments, motels and special purpose (single occupancy) offices. -subordinate to major activities in intensity of development. These are some of the more important principles that have been

used in the development of The Central Area Plan. Circulation, Parking and Transit - Principles. An essential element of the central area planning process is a statement of the principles which should guide the development of the

area. The following paragraphs summarize the important principles pertaining to access, circulation transit, and parking for this area. Access and Circulation 1. Traffic- not destined to the central area should be bypassed around the area. 2. The central area street system should include facilities that will carry vehicles destined to the area around its edge to a point nearest final destinations (distributor system) 3. Major access routes to the central and core areas should lead to the corners of the by-pass and distribution rings, these being the most efficient points of circulation and distribution. 4. Vehicles should be carried as directly as possible to parking terminals (i.e., efficient connections between approach routes and terminals). 5. Ideally, local service streets should only provide access to buildings, bus circulation, and access for emergency vehicles. 6. Conflicts between vehicular and pedestrian circulation should be minimized. There should be three major categories of streets associated with the central area: -Crosstown By-Pass Routes - high capacity expressways or arterial routes which by-pass the central area. -Primary Access and Distributor Routes - major surface streets which ring the core area and provide connections between this ring and the by-pass system. -Local Service Streets - all other central area streets that provide direct access to buildings, etc. Transit 1. All practical steps should be taken to encourage increased use of transit.

2. Transit should strengthen its position in the important central area of the City. This may involve initially such changes and improvements as: -Distribution of transit routes onto several central area streets, rather than one or two, in order to serve a larger part of the area and to provide more route capacity for transit vehicles. -Provision of special marked bus lanes on major transit streets. Vehicles other than buses would be excluded from such lanes.

3. Transit service should penetrate the core area and provide maximum possible service to this area. This could include the development of special transit malls for the use of transit vehicles and pedestrians only. Concentrations of intensive land uses should be developed along both existing and ultimate transit routes throughout the city so as to maximize the effectiveness of transit in serving high-density development. Parking 1. There should be two broad categories of parking: -Long-term parking for employees or all-day parkers. This parking should be located adjacent to major access routes around the perimeter of the central area. -Short-term or penetrator parking for shoppers, office visitors or patrons, and executives who demand convenient, close-in parking. These facilities should be located as close as possible to destination areas. In addition limited quantities of very convenient, short-term "errand parking" should be scattered throughout the area. 2. Shopper and business patron parking should be provided within approximately 600 feet of major destinations.

3. Major parking concentrations for long-term parkers should be located in the perimeter of central area so as to intercept traffic destined to the core area before it reaches the core. 4. Long-term employee parking should, whenever possible, be located within 1,000 to 1,500 feet of major destinations. 5. Wherever possible, parking for executives and office patrons should be provided within or immediately adjacent to major office buildings. 6. Major parking concentrations should preferably have direct access to at least two streets to provide flexibility and ease of access.

DESIGN OBJECTIVES The character of central Edmonton will be dramatically affected--for better or for worse--by details of development. It is of extreme importance, therefore, that high and meaningful standards of design be applied to the many features and details of the area, as well as to the whole. It is recommended therefore, that standards and objectives be established for the detailed planning of central Edmonton, particularly with respect to the following: 1. General Character of Districts The various districts of central Edmonton serve various and different functions and should be designed accordingly. These differences in function should be reflected in such things as building height, density of development, building setbacks, landscaping and the like. General design objectives for these districts are giver, in Part B of this volume of the General Plan (Land Use and District Plan) 2.

Entrance or "Gateway" Areas The design of major entrances to central Edmonton is important in several ways. Among other things, these areas should: -Move traffic efficiently and safely, with a minimum of

distraction, and offer drivers a clear sense of direction and destination. - Be pleasant to pass through. - Give the best possible impression and views of the Central Area; they should attract, not, repel or discourage, visits to the area. - Clearly signal to tile traveller his entrance into, or his departure from the Central Area. (Thus, perhaps alerting him to the need for different driving techniques or speeds, giving him a sense of arrival, departure or of being in an identifiable place.) Distinctive, attractive and safe entrances to the Central Area can be obtained in several ways: - The use of a high standard of design on approach streets, including generous use of landscaped median and boulevard areas. - Establishment of wide setbacks of buildings along streets at entrance points. -Creation of squares, plazas or parks, perhaps with special landscaping, fountains, flags or sculpture at key entrance points. - Establishment of attractive public or semi-public buildings -- or other dignified development -- arolind entrance

areas. Buildings at entrance locations should, if possible, have distinctive, landmark qualities. - Sharp restriction of signs, giving highest priority to those that give safety and directional information. - Protection of views of the Central Area skyline from approach routes. 3. Use and Enhancement of River Bluff The proper use and enhancement of the River Bluff is an important objective to be achieved in the planning and development of Central EdmOtton. - The distinctive form of the bluff should not be destroyed; ' it should be accentuated and enhanced. - Sites or "overlooks" along the bluff should be preserved from which the River Valley can be viewed. Wherever possible, these sites should be connected with a walkway or promenade. - Landscaped plazas or malls should extend away from overlook points toward the centres of the various downtom districts, to provide visual and psychological connections to the River Valley. - Buildings in the River Valley generally should be low, to avoid diminishing impressions of depth and height in the valley, and to protect views of the bluff from the river level.

4. Lighting A properly, skillfully designed system of lighting can be a tremendous asset to central Edmonton. Dramatic and impressive effects can be created - safety, convenience, and the sense of order and direction established. The level of lighting, style and size of light fixtures and the type of lighting should be specially tailored to the needs of, and effects desired in various parts of the area. For example: - Major vehicular approach and circulation routes should be highly and specially lighted in accordance with the most appropriate standard of arterial street lighting. Such lighting should be designed to help lead people along major routes to the destinations desired. Street lighting generally should help distinguish the classifications of streets. If possible, approach and internal circulation routes, major and local streets, should be distinguishable by the type of lighting. Various ways of obtaining distinction -- (differences in intensity, location and design of light sources, differences in color) should all be explored. - Commensurate with safety requirements, street, parking area and sidewalk lighting should be subdued in areas such as the Government and Civic Centres to obtain greater value and

contrast from the exterior lighting of buildings. To the extent possible, the general lighting of such areas should be achieved indirectly, through lighting of building exteriors, landscape features, and the use of inconspicuous, shielded light sources. - In areas bordered by show and display windows, prominence should be given to show window displays and their lighting. Relatively less reliance should be placed on direct lighting of streets, walkways, plaza surfaces and of building facades. - The lighting of night time activity centres, such as theatre, hotel and coliseum areas, should receive special attention. Emphasis should be given to the lighting of building and parking entrances, and to areas of pedestrian circulation. Again, advantage should be taken of indirect light sources - informational and directional signs, interior (visible from the outside) and building facade lighting. 5. Signs. Signs are of special importance in the Central Area because of the number of people and amount of information involved. Properly used, designed, and located, signs are an indispensable part of city design. In considering the use of signs, their basic function must

be recalled: the basic purpose of a sign is to provide tA, information. Some signs warn of danger ("Stop Ahead"), some give direction ("to City Centre"), (Parking Here"), others tell us of the virtues of some product or service. Not all sign information is of equal importance and the value of their information varies from place to place. Along a busy, high-speed street, information signs affecting safety of travel are most important, signs giving direction are second, and information concerning the merits of products or services is probably of least value. Signs are frequently so located as to block the light or view of buildings. They may be so designed or constructed as to frustrate the efforts of architects and designers to create civic beauty. When signs do these things, they became a liability to business and to the public, and their function is impaired. Signs in the Central Area are susceptible to this because of the concentration of activity and the great amount of information and direction to be given in a relatively limited space. It is recommended, therefore, that a policy on signs be adopted, and implemented through zoning and other devices to recognize the following:

- The location, construction and design of signs must be controlled and coordinated to minimize and reconcile their conflict with each other and with the interests of the public, while preserving their ability to transmit needed and desired information and instruction. - The control of signs should vary from location to location, depending on information required. (For example, it is essential that stop signs and lights be readily visible along a street. It is of lesser importance that a "no parking" sign be readily seen. And it is of least importance--perhaps even distracting for the name of a generally available product to be visible from a moving car.) - The control of signs should take into account the time and duration of display. For example, it is more important that information about an election, a special celebration or a street closing be given in time to publicize the event, than information about something having no particular relation to time. - The character of the service or product advertised affects the need for its display. For example, a small restaurant or store must sell itself over and over again, whereas a bank or professional organization may develop a clientele that returns without further identification of location or service.

6. Street Furniture Street lighting fixtures, hydrants, signals and signs, waste containers, benches, shrubs and trees, planting boxes and similar features are the "furniture" of the street. The way they function and look affects the efficiency and appearance of the street and adjacent land development, as well as the welfare and safety of everyone passing by. The various elements of street furniture have usually been selected and located individually, without overall coordination of design or location. The result has often been a clutter of mismatched objects. It is proposed that the appearance and function of street furniture should be considered as an overall problem, and a coordinated plan should be developed for the design and location of the various pieces of street furniture. - Individual objects, signs, etc. should be simply, tastefully and functionally designed. - The number of objects to be placed in the street should be held to a minimum. This will call for combining objects into units or cmpact groups, and possibly for the elimination of some.

- Provision should be made for facilities on adjacent land to perform the functions of street furniture (Streets and walks may be lighted from adjacent buildings, fire hydrants built into adjacent structures, benches built as part of a structure, etc.)

2. Commercial Development Beyond The Central Area The growth and location habits of commercial enterprises are one of the most complex subjects under study in the General Plan. Commercial Development is the end result of a highly competitive free enterprise system which is effected by almost every major activity in the city as well as by most fluctuations in the Local, Provincial, and Federal economy. As a land use commercial development is one of the most important in Edmonton but occupies only 5.4% or 1430 acres of the cit-rs total land area. The amount of land in commercial use varies with the population and an early rule-of-thumb suggested that 50 front feet of commercial property were required for every 100 population.

I. Inventory Survey and Classification

An inventory survey and classification of commercial uses resulted in the following categories of commercial development beyond the central area as they occur now and as they are expected to occur throughout the plan period.

(I) The Major and Regional Shopping Centres These are commercial centres that serve the entire city and often beyond it. These centres are of course used most intensively

100

by the neighborhoods nearest to them. The most consistently appearing function in these centers is the Department Store although other commercial uses include Shoe, Clothing, Furniture, and Jewellery Stores; Banks; Medical and Real Estate Offices; Cocktail Lounges; Liquor Outlets; and Service Stations. These are characteristically one owner developments. Westmount, Bonnie Doon Park Plaza, and Meadowlark Park are examples of Major Shopping Centres. Drawing #31 shows the location of these Centres and proposed Centres. (2) The Minor Shopping Centre Generally Minor Shopping Centres serve the local neighborhood or from two to three adjacent neighborhoods. These Centres are used particularly for convenience shopping by near-by residents as well as by passing traffic. Small centres often include Grocery Stores, Drug Stores, and Hardware Stores, whereas the larger ones often include Super-markets Drug Stores, Beauty Parlours, Dry Cleaners, Medical Offices, and Banks. Single or multiple ownership are common in these types of Shopping Centres. Existing and proposed Centres are shown in Drawing #31. There are many of these Centres in Edmonton and at least ten new ones are proposed during the plan period.

(3) Retail Strip Shopping Areas A variety of retail and commercial facilities have grown up along certain thoroughfares in the City. These Centres are never

101

under one ownership and assume a pattern much like the larger more intensive downtown commercial development. The strip shopping areas serve local, nearby population, as well as the passing traffic. They often contain very specialized shopping facilities unlike the newer planned type of Centre, for example 97th Street. Major strips in both former and existing communities are found along Stony Plain Road in Jasper Place, along 118th Avenue in Beverly, along Whyte Avenue in Strathcona and .long the Fort Trail in North Edmonton. Strip developments also occur along 101st Street, 97th Street, 111th Avenue, and 124th Street which have in this case resulted from the early location of street car routes which funneled population along these particular thoroughfares and thereby initiated commercial development over a long period of time. The Calgary Trail strip however is due more to modern highway traffic. These strip developments are shown on Drawing #31. It is not expected that any new strip commercial area will develop in Edmonton. It is possible, however, that some of the existing strips along major thoroughfares such as the Calgary Trail and other highways may have a tendency to increase. Others, such as 118th Avenue, and parts of 101st and 97th Streets and 111th Avenue may be expected to decline over.the plan period. The strip development generally is being replaced by the modern shopping centre. It is recommended that new strip development of the kind described

102

above should be discouraged in favor of the more nucleated form of development along a thoroughfare where there is a demand for this development. The existing Strip development should be improved by the provision of adequate well located parking and public transportation; diverting through traffic; by improving the architecture of the buildings, particularly the facades; by improving the amenities of the area generally; by widening sidewalks; and by improving appearances with street planting.

(4) The Isolated Store These are often individual stores serving a very local population over an area of 3 to 5 blocks. They are often grocery stores that carry a variety of goods. These stores characteristically do their business between 4 and 9 P.M. when the other Centres are generally inactive. The isolated store is very competitive in Edmonton and it operates on a very narrow margin. New apartment developments in many cases provide enough trade to support these isolated stores which would otherwise disappear. Residential areas with high densities should have these convenient shopping centres in any case and if they are not available a proper development would require new ones to be built. (5) Office Development There appears to be a trend to locate some office structures such as Real Estate, Medical and other Professional, Oil and House

103

Builders Association offices in commercial districts beyond the Central Area. It is recommended however that offices which serve the city as a whole should be encouraged to locate downtown.

(6)

Central Area Commercial Development.

Central Area Commercial Development was discussed in Part I. 2. A Survey of Market Areas A survey of Shopping Centre market areas and their individual functions was undertaken to help determine how to plan future Shopping Centre sites or how to determine their size or the number of functions that should be provided in them. Measurements of the trade areas, were undertaken, in terms of population, time, and distance. It was found that well-travelled thoroughfares attract more shopping activity than sites in the centres of communities or neighborhoods or an area of one-half to one mile in radius. There has been a rapid increase in the development of supermarkets and this is likely to continue at the expense of other commercial developments, such as Hardware Stores, Bakeries, Variety Stores, Drug Stores, and particularly the isolated Grocery Store. The Supermarket is becoming a dominant outlet for foods of all kinds, some dry goods, drugs, and even hardware, and sporting items. The general pattern of commercial Centres in Edmonton

indicates that they serve an area or population exceeding one neighborhood or about 5,000 to 8,000 people. However the isolated Grocery Store, Coffee Shop, Drug Store have a somewhat smaller market area and they tend to serve as convenient centres in areas of about 3 to 6 blocks with about 600 families. Throughout the study it was shown that shopping and travel habits of the consumer vary considerably throughout the City. It was, therefore, difficult to suggest anything more than general principles to guide the future planning of shopping center sites. There was clear evidence that the small independent shop owner has almost disappeared in favor of the larger chain-store and wholesale controlled type of operation. It appears that the Drug Store has changed character and assumed a greater variety of activities than ever before at the expense of some of the other commercial uses, and it appears to favor locations on major transportation routes. Banks and Medical offices locate in areas where they can be more accessible to their customers who usually range over a very large area. It was evident that the location of shopping centres and their individual functions as a whole was very closely related to the convenience and time-saving advantages to the customer. One location,although it might be close to other sites,could make an operation uneconomical. The locations of these centres, therefore, requires a considerable amount of care.

105

It appears that the average site acreage for centres will gradually increase over the plan period, and the range today varies from about an acre to 30 acres. Minor Centres run about 1 to 2 acres and the major Centres run from 25 to 30 acres. Floor area to site area ratios in Edmonton are under 0.35 for major Centres and under 0.50 for minor Centres. This spacious type of development is expected to continue. The provision of parking spaces in Shopping Centres could be increased and underground or multiple-level facilities may appear by 1980 in some Centres. Service roads with adequate loading and unloading area is an important provision in Shopping Centres. (3) Consumer Purchasing Power A survey of consumer spending in Edmonton from 1952 to 1961 indicates increasing expenditures on consumer goods throughout the plan period. A very crude projection of retail sales on the basis of past trends indicates that

7 billion dollars

may be spent in Edmonton by 1980. The fact that family size and family formation generally is increasing also indicates that expenditures should increase throughout the plan period. Spending patterns for goods in Edmonton resembles spending patterns in other

106

major cities in North America. The distribution of spending in Edmonton, for 1959 is as follows: Food

24.2%

House Fuel, light and water

16.8%

Household upkeep

3.7%

Furniture & Equipment

7.0%

Clothing

9.1%

Other commodities & services

28.4%

Gifts & contributions

10.8% 100 %

It is expected that real income will increase throughout the plan period and that expenditures should as a result increase as well. Expenditures will increase in variety as the individual purchasing power increases throughout the plan period. Expenditures per family for automobile, clothing, furnishings, and equipment are expected to continue at an increased rate throughout the projection period. In summary it generally appears that consumer activity up to 1980 could create a strong demand for commercial property throughout the city. It is recommended that a projection of personal income should be planned in detail for 1980 as a basis of determining

107

the distribution of the retail dollar which can be used as one basis for the planning of future Shopping Centres. It is also recommended that applications for commercial development on sites, in addition to those proposed by this Plan, should provide suitable evidence that the following factors were given adequate consideration: (a) A list of all potential sites with an analysis of each that would include factors (b) to (g). (b) The adequacy of the present trade area potential. (c) The accessibility of the site. (d) Growth potential as shown by zoning plans, retail building plans, income trends, pay-roll trends and utility plans. (e) A study of what attractions to business are in the area. (f) A study of the interruption to traffic along routes to the site is most Important. (g) Evidence, prior to the amendment of the General Plan, of the developer's capabilities to proceed with the proposed development.

io8

Commercial Land Requirements A projection of employment in the downtown area indicates

a doubling by 1980 which serves as a reasonable measure of the amount of commercial activity that can be anticipated in central Edmonton during this period. This is an optimistic forecast for the downtown area since in some other major cities in North America the trend in downtown activity has been to decrease. The optimism regarding Edmonton's downtown is due to the accumulated experience in downtown and suburban planning now available; the lack of extreme congestion in Edmonton's downtown; Councils policy of encouraging a strong, active, downtown which has been illustrated through the proposed implementation of the Civic Centre Plan; careful transporation planning downtown; and legislation which will enable the city to implement a policy of downtown development. Although core activities are expected to increase just about in proportion to the increase in employment and population non-core commercial development should increase at a slightly greater rate because of the general trends toward this kind of

109

shopping. Edmonton has about 5.4% of its land used for commerce which is high in comparison to Toronto, Calgary, and the average of 53 American.cities. Requirements for 1980 should equal about 5% indicating that Edmonton today is well supplied with commercial land<:

An employment .survey for the Metropolitan Edmonton Traffic and Transportation Study in 1961 showed that primary retail commercial employment within the City, (comparative shopping), would in 1980 distribute itself as follows: about 55% in the Central area, 19% in larger shopping centres, 14% in the smaller shopping areas, and 12% in rural areas. On the other hand secondary commercial which includes convenience shopping, entertainment, and commercial recreation was expected to locate wherever population was concentrated within the City. Office and government commercial was found to favour the downtown area. General convenience (warehousing and storage) was found largely in the downtown warehouse district, in industrial area, on the fringe of the Central Area and in some cases mixed with other commercial activity.

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110

CHAPTER XIII

UTILITIES Chapter XIII of the Draft General Plan provides detail of which the following is only a partial summary, and many details therein will require study. Water Supply Both water supply and sewage disposal for Edmonton are closely involved with the water flow of the North Saskatchewan River. The volume of water flow through the City determines the supply of water available for use in the City system and the limits within which waste can be discharged into the river from the City's sewage system. With the control dam on the principal branch of the North Saskatchewan, the Brazeau,. the minimum winter flow of the river through Edmonton will be kept at 2,000 cubic feet per second, or a daily flow in excess of one billion gallons. This is almost ten times recorded minimum flows before the dam was constructed. It is estimated that a population of one million will require approximately 140 million gallons for a peak day which is only three per cent of the average summer flow of five billion gallons per day. During the winter months, however, the estimated requirements of 85 million gallons per day is approx-.

111

imately eight per cent of the winter flow. The present water treatment equipment of the City consists of two plants with a combined capacity of 55 million gallons per day. A third plant with a capacity of 25 to 30 million gallons per day is in the planning stage. The first section is slated for completion in 1965 and the final section in 1970. Pumping capacity to the distribution system is 82 million gallons per day and will be increased to 110 million gallons by 1970. Water Distribution A number of communities surrounding Edmonton including Jasper Place, Leduc, the County of Strathcona and St. Albert receive water from Edmonton* With the exception of Jasper Place the population supplied outside the City is less than five per cent of the total population supplied from the Edmonton system. Storage capacity is used to level out daily peak demands. At present there is a shortage of remote reservoirs. With adequate storage, present peak consumption could be averaged at 130 gallons per capita per day. As compensation for insufficient storage, 140 gallons per capita per day has been used to calculate required plant capacity to 1975, reducing to 130 gallons per capita per day by 1980 when it is assumed adequate storage will be available. (See Drawing No. 8). It is concluded that no insurmountable problems are foreseen so far as adequacy of supply is concerned.

112

Sewage Disposal Eamontonts main sewage treatment plant is located on the flat, on the south side of the river, east of 50th Street. It was completed in 1957 and provided for primary and secondary aewage treatment using the activated sludge process. The designed capacity of the secondary section is 30,000,000 gallons per day or a population equivalent of 250,000. The main plant site will permit expansion to three times its present capacity, and will adequately handle sewage disposal within the Plan period. A smaller sewage treatment plant located in Queen Elzabeth Park can handle a population equivalent to 52,000 per day. The main sewage plant which also serves Jasper Place, Greiabach and Namao has now reached its design capacity. To postpone the large capital expenditures required to expand this plant it is proposed to divert sewage from the three packing plants in northeast Edmonton and from the northeast section of Beverly to a City gravel pit northeast of the City where it will be treated in lagoons. In the lagoons anaerobic bacteria will cause decomposition to occur without objectionable odour. Lagoons are an inexpensive method of relieving over load on disposal plants and may have long term applications. (See Drawing No. 9.) Power Supply and Distribution The boilers in the Edmonton Power Plant are gas fired with some provision for oil firing for peak loads and in cases of emergency. The

113

present capacity of the plant is 330 megawatts, with an additional 75 megawatts planned for the present site by 1966. Further power requirements will be supplied from a new site at Genesee where large coal deposits will be utilized. The first plant of 600 megawatt ultimate capacity will be commissioned in 1969 and should supply the City's requirements to 1980. A second plant of 1,200 megawatt capacity should supply power to 1990. At this time the equipment at the present site will be obsolete and a third plant of 2,000 megawatt capacity will be required either to replace the present one or at some other location. Energy is sold to the Electrical Distribution System, the Transit System and the Water Treatment Plant. In addition to the sale and distribution of electrical energy, the Electrical Distribution System also performs electrical inspections and provides the City with street lighting. Increased loads per .capita along with technical advancements have resulted in a gradual cost reduction to the consumer. Power is purchased at 0.750 per kilowatt hour and distributed at an average rate of 1.650 per kilowatt hour which is among the lowest rates in Canada. The load of 0.7 billion kilowatt hours per year is increasing at an approximate rate of 10% per year so that by 1980 the load is expected to be 4.4 billion kilowatt hours per year. City growth will not necessitate any major changes in policy of operations rather, it will tend to accelerate the technical changes that have been Occurring in operation. These expansions will include (1) the use

of district operating and stores depots to reduce transportation time and .facilitate more efficient service; (2) the continued trend to more underground distribution and the development of new methods and materials such as the oil filled transmission line installed in

1957.

This under-

ground trend improves the aesthetic viewpoint and simplifies the problems of acquiring rights-of-way for transmission lines; (3) the use of higher voltage transmission lines to economically serve the increasing load densities. This voltage will be increased from the present maximum Of 72 kilovolts to 230 kilovolts by 1969 with the number of major substations increasing from

4 to

possibly 13.

Telephones The City of Edmonton Telephone System is perhAps the largest municipally owned telephone system on the continent. The system serves all of the City and is composed of 142,617 stations (1962) serviced by 7 exchanges with an additional exchange planned for the northeast area. The system operates on the basis of straight line service (as opposed to party line). and in conjunction with the Alberta Government Telephones has extended "free dialling service" to the Edmonton area. The rates for both residential And business service are among the lowest in Canada. In addition to the requirements caused by population growth, there is a noticeable increase in the number of telephones per person. The constant demand for new and varied types of special equipment

115

*resulting in a high rate of obsolesence requires constant rate studies, especially commercial. There is a demand for more underground distribution in residtattaaL areas with the additional expense being assessed to the property owners. Expansion within the City by 1980 may necessitate the addition of inter-exchange routing equipment and the inclusion of areas presently outside the limits of the city may require extensive number revisions. â&#x20AC;˘"Electronic switching, presently under development by all Telephone Manufacturers, will replace existing electro-mechanical switching within the next 25 to 30 years". (President of A.T. & T., Bell System) . With this development large expenditures by all Telephone Systems will be required in order to supply the demand for the many new types of service that will be provided by this improved switching apparatus.

The City Telephone System proposes to begin a gradual replacement program as soon as electronic switching becomes available, in order to provide the most modern types of service. Natural Gas Supply Northwestern Utilities Limited has supplied the City of Edmonton with natural gas since 1923 and operates under a franchise

agreement granting the Company the use of streets and lanes for the laying of pipe and the exclusive right for the supplying of natural gas for domestic and heating purposes; in return the City collects 5% of the gross receipts from the sale of gas plus normal taxation on the facilities located inside the City.

Large gas consumers include the City Power Plant, the oil refineries/ Inland Cement Company Limited and Canadian Industries Limited. The rates are among the lowest in Canada and a supply of gas is assured for at least 30 years.

Future City growth will necessitate additional trunk lines and possibly the establishment of a number of small operating depots.

117

PART B THE LARD USE MAP AND GENERAL PURPOSE THEREOF (Prepared pursuant to Section 96 of the Planning Apt) Purpose of Land Use Map (Drawing No. 14) The Land Use map attached hereto and forming part of the General Plan shows the division of the City into areas of permitted land use classes that are considered necessary for the purposes of the General Plan and more particularly to ensure the division of the City into land uses which are appropriate to achieve the orderly and economical development of land within the City without infringing on the rights of individuals except to the extent that is necessary for the greater public interest. General Classification of Land Land within the City shall be divided into the following general categories: Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Parks, Institutional, and other classes, subclasses or districts necessary to implement the General Plan and any Zoning Bylaw, Development Scheme or policy made thereunder. 1. Residential The general purpose of classifying residential districts is: (a) to provide sufficient apace in appropriate locations for residential development to meet the housing accommodation needs of the City's anticipated future population and with due allowance for the need of a choice of sites;

(b) to protect residential areas from such nuisance factors as may be created by the proximity of industries; (c) to protect residential areas as far as possible against heavy traffic and from through traffic of all kindsÂ°, (d) to protect residential areas against congestion, as far as possible, regulating the density of population, and by regulating the bulk of buildings in relation to the land around them and to one another and by providing for off-street parking space; to require the provision of open space wherever practicable and thereby provide a more desirable living environment in the urban area; (e) to provide for adequate light and air and privacy as far as possible by controls over the spacing and height of buildings and other structures; (f) to provide appropriate space for those public and private educational, recreational, health and similar facilities which serve the needs of residents and which generally perform their own activities more efficiently in a residential environment without adversely affecting the environment; (g) to provide for the encouragement of good architectural design; (h) to promote the most orderly and economical use of residential land and the staging of development therefor and to promote stability of residential development, to protect the character of residential districts, to conserve the value of land and buildings and protect the City's tax revenues, Purpose of Residential Land Use Classes In order to implement the general purpose of residential districts in a more specific manner and taking into account such matters as existing land use, topography, accessibility and other matters contained in the

119

General Plan, the following residential districts shall be used as a guide in determing detailed zoning control of residential land. (a) Low Density Residential Districts designated as Low Density Residential are intended to provide a suitable open character for housing accommodation at low densities. These districts also include community facilities which serve the residents of these districts or are benefited by the low density residential environment. Low Density Residential No. 1 is primarily intended to accommodate one-family detached dwellings and future residential districts. Low Density Residential No. 2 is primarily intended to accommodate upon redevelopment a broad range of housing types at low density such as converted one-family dwellings, twofamily dwellings and terraced dwellings. (b) Medium and High Density Residential These districts are designed to provide for a broad range of housing types with appropriate standards for each district. These districts are mapped in relation to desirable future residential patterns with emphasis on accessibility to transportation and communication facilities, relationship to work centres, character of existing development and environmental factors beneficial to intensive residential uses, such as proximity to major permanent open spaces.

120

(c) Country Residential Districts Country residential districts are intended to provide sites for country dwellings at scenic locations at a low density appropriate to their environmnent. 2. Commercial Districts (a) General purpose of Commercial Districts, The Commercial Districts are intended to provide sufficient space in appropriate locations to meet the needs of the City's expected future economy for commercial floor space in minor, major, general and central commercial districts, including the need for off-street parking space in areas where a large proportion of customers come by automobile, and with due allowance for the need of a choice of sites. (b) to protect commercial development against congestion as far as possible by limiting the bulk of buildings in relation to the land around them and to one another. (c) To provide sufficient space in appropriate locations for all types of commercial and miscellaneous service activities. (d) to promote the most desirable use of commercial land, to promote the stability of commercial development and thereby strengthen the economic base of the City and to protect the character of the commercial district and its peculiar suitability for particular uses, to conserve the value of land and landings and to protect the City's tax revenues.

121

Specific Commercial Districts (a) Minor Commercial Districts These districts are intended to provide for convenient locations within or near residential areas and to promote convenient shopping and stability of retail development by prohibiting service and manufacturing establishments which may adversely affect these districts or the adjacent residential environment. (b) Major Commercial Districts These districts are intended to provide sites at suitable locations to serve the retail and other activities for large residential sections of the City. (c) General Commercial Districts These districts are intended for a wide range of retail, office, amusement, service and other appropriate uses serving major segments of the City. Central Area

(a) Retail - Office Core The function of the retail - office core is to serve as the most intensively developed and compact centre for retail shopping and general office activities and to provide for various and extensive entertainment, dining, meeting and other appropriate facilities. Maximum opportunity should be provided for large scale site

123

core district. Gbad, transit facilities should be provided and patron parking facilities located within and at the edges of the area. (c) Government Centre The primary function of this district is to serve as a centre for provincial and federal governmental activities. All other activities in this area should be supplemental and supporting to this primary function. The development of the sites should be generally open with good landscaping in order to enhance individual buildings and the centre as a whole. The dominance of the Legislative Building should be respected and enhanced where possible in the overall composition and view of the area. (d) Apartment and Special Purpose Office District The major functions of this area are to provide sites for high density apartments and apartment hotels, and for low-density and special purpose offices. In addition to these major functions, civic and cultural institutions, restaurants and limited convenience retail services, and hotel and motel facilities should also be allowed. Building densities and heights should be moderate in order to preserve the visual dominance of the Government Centre and core areas, to hold traffic generation to moderate levels, to protect vehicular and transit approach routes, to maintain an attractive environment for permitted uses and to allow for off-street parking in connection with

324

each development. Preference should be given to housing development in this district in order that a desirable environmental character may evolve whi,ch does not discourage residential development. (e) Wholesale Distribution District. The primary function of this area is to serve as a location for wholesale sales and distribution activities and ,to encourage the location of printing industry activities and other light manufacturing and processing activities employing persons who may be dependent on transit or having some relation to activities in the Government Centre or retail-office core. Secondary activities in the area could include such extensive retail uses as automotive sales and repair, building materials suppliers and similar uses. Densities and site development should be held to relatively low levels in order to preserve the dominance of the core and government centre, to protect vehicular and transit approach routes, to allow and encourage the development of large low buildings that can efficiently' serve display, sales and storage functions and to assure adequate space for off-street truck loading and parking for each development. The amount and type of outdoor storage should be limited and screened from street view where appropriate. (f) Motel and Special Purpose Office District The function of this area is to serve as a site for relatively

low density motel and hotel development, small, special purpose offices, a Farmers Market and comprehensive redevelopment for appropriate residential uses. The area should also serve as a location for major off-street, all-day parking. Limited retail services may be provided catering to visitors and employees in the area. Buildings and site development for commercial purposes should be held to relatively low densities to preserve the dominance of the main retail office core and Civic Centre and to assure adequate spacious site development with room for off-street parking and encourage the development of pleasant, efficient approach routes into Central Edmonton. Good pedestrian connections to the Civic Centre should be provided; encouragement should be given for appropriate developments bordering and overlooking the river valley to take advantage of this asset. (g) Institutional - Housing District. The function of this area is to serve as a site for major hospital and related residential and office development. Secondary activities should serve people working or living in the area. The development of sites should be spacious and pleasant compatible with the district's function. Off-street parking should be provided with each developmentÂ° Commercial and office activities should be confined to locations bordering Jasper Avenue. Housing sites should be developed to take advantage of river views. (h) City Centre Housing Area The primary function of this area is for the development of

126

high density housing in an urbane setting for small families and individuals, particularly persons employed in the adjacent areas. Cultural institutions, restaurants and limited convenience retail services may also be permitted. The planning of the overall area as well as of individual sites should take maximum advantage of the river valley view. Good pedestrian connections to the adjacent employment centres should be provided. In order to protect the capacity of major traffic streets and to protect the residential character of the district the street system should be developed where possible to separate general downtown and local traffic. Adequate off-street parking should be provided in connection with each individual development. The height of buildings should be controlled and modified where necessary in order to preserve the dominance of towers proposed to be developed in the main retail-office core. Industry The general purpose of Industrial Districts is (a)to provide sufficient space in an orderly manner and in appropriate locations to meet the needs of the City's anticipated future economy for all types of industrial and related activities, with due allowance for an adequate choice of sites; (b) to protect adjacent non-industrial areas from objectionable influences and to protect less offensive types of industrial activities

127

from such influences by classifying and regulating appropriate districts for industrial and related activities; (c) to protect industry and related activities by prohibiting new residential and other uses which are incompatible with the orderly development, expansion and functions of industrial and related activities. General Purpose of Industrial Land Classes (a) Light Industry This district is primarily intended for a wide range of industrial and related uses which can conform to a high level of performance standards. The design, site development and general quality of the district should be of a sufficiently high standard to encourage and mutually benefit industries appropriate to this district. (b) Medium Industry This district is designed for a wider range of industrial and related uses and which can conform to azedium level oflerformarice standards. (c) Heavy Industry This district is primarily intended to accommodate heavy industrial uses which may involve some objectionable or offensive influences and which cannot reasonably be expected to conform to the performance levels required in the light and medium categories. (d) Industrial Reserve This district is intended primarily to reserve and protect

328

land for the future development and expansion of industry and related uses by 1980 and beyond; to reserve land for industrial and related uses with extensive land requirements or for other special reasons; and to ensure that development will take place only in an orderly and economical manner with due regard to the proper subdivision of land, accessibility and the adequate provision of utilities and other services. Industrial reserve lands may be classified into categories related to appropriate performance standards as the demand for such reserve lands may require. Parks

The general purpose of this district is to provide for the active and passive recreational needs of the public; to conserve and enhance the natural beauty and character of the City generally including, the river valley and ravines, and to provide suitable buffers between incompatible land uses.

(a) River Valley Parkland and Parkway This district is intended to recognize the distinctive character that the river valley and its ravines contribute towards the beauty of the city; to respect, enhance and develop this character as resources permit and to ultimately acquire all land in this district for the benefit of the public at large. Public acquisition shall proceed in accordance with such programmes that Council may approve having due regard to the overall development needs of the City.

129

Prior to public acquisition any privately owned land within this district should be developed only to the extent that development will respect and enhance the natural beauty of the river valley and its ravines. The development of any public uses ther than for park purposes shall only be undertaken where they are essential to serve major segments of the city or the city as a whole. To the greatest extent possible without reduction in the efficiency of their purpose such public uses shall be developed to respect and enhance the natural beauty of this district. (b) Active and Passive Parks The active and passive parks either existing or proposed are intended to serve the neighborhood, community and city-wide needs for public recreation or for amenity purposes at convenient locations throughout the City. Site requirements and facilities shall be in accordance with such minimum standards that Council may adopt. Existing deficiencies in adopted minimum standards shall be corrected having due regard to the availability of land and financial resources. Special Areas

The general purpose of defining and designating Special Areas is to recognize that special and unique problems exist in these areas by

130

reason of their peculiar situation, land use and function.

Special Area No. 1: Airport The municipal airport should remain until its present important function is determined by City Council to be outweighed by other factors bearing upon the orderly and economical development of the City. Alternative uses for the municipal airport lands shall be incorporated into the General Plan at such time that Council may require the closure of the airport. As a guide, consideration should be given to an industrial classification on land near or abutting railway trackage; appropriate commercial development adjacent to Kingsway and existing commercial locations; the expansion needs of the Northern Alberta Technical Institute and the existing City utility complex; and the possible need to accommodate overspill residential uses from areas subjected to urban redevelopment during the period of the plan and beyond. Special Areas Nos. 2 - Walterdale, 3

Lavigne, 4

Rossdale, 5

Riverdale

These areas are located in the river valley and require special study to determine the impact of any major road proposals which may be adopted under the General Plan and the most desirable land uses that may result from such road proposals. Portions of these areas are, because of age and condition and other factors, subject to urban renewal study.

131

Special Area No. 6: McCauley and Alex Taylor

This district is the major urban renewal study area and most likely to be radically affected by road proposals. The mixture of residential and other uses combined with age and condition factors requires special attention prior to recommendations on detailed land use. Special Area No. 7:

Garneau

The special problem of the Garneau area is the predominant influence of the University of Alberta, particularly its expansion needs into Garneau and the pressure for land to accommodate uses ssociated with the University. This pressure, brought about by the tremendous growth of the University is creating a functional obsolescence in a residential area which is not yet physically obsolescent. The proximity of the Garneau area to other major employment centres, notably the Government area and the Central Business District, has also precipitated a demand for large apartment structures.

Recognition of the prime importance and value of the University to the city and province requires due weight being given whilst minimizing, as far as possible, any adverse effects the changing character of the district may create.

132

Institutional Uses The general purpose of designating uses such as schools, governmental functions, hospitals, etc., is to protect, where necessary, the existing locations of these uses, and in the case of such uses indicated by symbol to anticipate their probable needs and general location during the period of the Plan. These proposals indicate in a general manner the need to reserve land for these and other public and community purposes.

Relationship of the Land Use Plan and Comprehensive Zoning Bylaw. The adoption of a comprehensive zoning bylaw logically follows the approval of the General Plan which is the foundation upon which a Zoning Bylaw should be built. The proposed contents of the Zoning Bylaw shall be based upon the principles of the Land Use Classification adopted as part of the General Plan and other principles and policies contained in the Plan for which the Zoning Bylaw may be an appropriate instrument for the implementation of the Plan. The following principles shall be considered in the preparation of a comprehensive Zoning Bylaw: 1. The Zoning Bylaw may include any or all of the powers available in the Planning Act which are deemed appropriate to implement the General Plan.

133

2. The Land Use Classification shall be used as a guide to determine the detailed zoning proposals to be contained in a Zoning Bylaw and to permit the creation of such other classes, sub-classes or districts under the Zoning Bylaw deemed necessary to implement the General Plan. 3. The Zoning Bylaw shall make provision for the orderly development and transition of land uses, recognizing that the Land Use Classification depicts appropriate uses by 1980 and thus may be premature by reason of lack of utilities and other services or by opposition from property owners in particular circumstances to allow development in the early stages of the Plan which are otherwise consistent with the Plan. 4. Amendments to the Zoning Bylaw made after the necessary advertisings and public hearings need not require changes to be made to the Bylaw adopting the General Plan prior to the quinquennial review of the Plan where: (a) changes are made within the major land use categories, for example, a change from a low density residential use to a higher density residential use; except where inconsistent with a scheduled sequence of development; (b) a minor adjustment of zoning boundaries is made between major land use categories, for example the extension of commercial area into a residential area, and

134

(c) the zoning amendment is otherwise determined to be consistent with the general purpose and intent of the General Plan.

RESIDENTIAL AREAS

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AGRICULTURE

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111

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INSTITUTIONALLAND USE

INSTITUTIONAL LAND USE

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Dominion Law& Oftioe

•r, COLORS:

°Mums, 8611. !fay, 1883. &mood by .V. DEANE, D. L.

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1889.

Brula, ens, 113,4.)-------------.&,. Sateri Isprorossable

1pprop.4 and Confirm...3

19/Jr

!or the .%7odyor Genera.

CITY OF EDMONTON GENERAL PLAN

EDMONTON SETTLEMENT 1883

DRAWING

NV ld

1V83N30

J. d 30SHO SS3SSV A113

N O_LNOINCI3AOA_LIO

47 co

414 0

ti)

(7)

—.--)---•

FIRST EDMONTON

1902 1905

WORLD

WAR I -

1947

WAR It -

RECESSION

WORLD

CAPITAL

R.R. TRAIN

OF BOOM

ALBERTA

OIL

GAS

BOOM

SECOND BOOM

! INCORPORATED

1939

1924

1914

MADE

TOWN

BOOM

! EDMONTON

1892

SECOND

...,.....

BOOM

a) 0

m o z

4.11 0 0

EDMONTON

0 0,

0 0

4.n 0

w 0, -4

END

a, o

1957

N...........

47. o) m o

0 0

POPULATION IN THOUSANDS

I ONTON PRO P ER 1980

160 —

ISO 140

1400 1300

—

130

1200

—

120

1100

—

110

1000

—

100 90 :tZ

901 eoo

700

600

60 c4

500

50 F.

400

4- 300

200

20 —

100 50

1 1901

1920

1954

1962

1980

2012

Population Area

CITY OF EDMONTON GENERAL PLAN

EDMONTON'S GROWTH

DRAWING

•

M.•

4 ma

•

t..1

• •

•

▪

M=I •

•

• •

•

CITY OF EDMONTON GENERAL PLAN

EXTENT OF URBAN GROWTH DRAWING

'ma lit mu

I r

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I '

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1.1: ;1:1;

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LEGEND

[141 I •i

I ;11

EXISTING ZONED PARK AREAS AND OPEN SPACES. kc:

POTENTIAL PARK AREAS

A , '-----41--- IN-----'- - --r-r; LT__ -- r------q_ -"'=" -.. H ----7-

, _...,

PROPOSED PARKS, RECREATION AREAS AND FACILITIES

;—„•7 ..--

. L,..

71 I--H -v'_ 1 IT2-1 71 1[71 :-. 4i .71 '111 1 -'' 1 :_ -=1-17 1_... H ,

-. .4 ,!1-17Tt . . ... ,._. ,

-±' 11,- i'.7 1--,..

__-

L-----1 ' '...

.-..1

PROPOSED TOT LOTS, PLAYGROUNDS

1.":.

AND COMMUNITY LEAGUES

---...;,•,•

--,

CITY OF EDMONTON

GENERAL PLAN

PARKS, RECREATIONAL FACILITIES AND OPEN SPACES EXISTING, POTENTIAL AND PROPOSED I MILE 0

0.5

DRAWING

lb 1

GROWTH IN FLOOR SPACE

1980

•. • • • 1

• • 1 • • • • .1.•

....• ...• .•

• .• ...• .•

. • 1.. . • 1

• . • .• • • • •

1980

1963 OFFICES 1980

FLOOR SPACE IN MILLIONS OF SQUARE FEET

•

GROWTH IN EMPLOYMENT

1963

N‘ N

1980

EMPLOYMENT IN THOUSANDS

CITY OF EDMONTON GENERAL PLAN

GROWTH IN EMPLOYMENT AND FLOOR SPACE-EDMONTON'S CENTRAL AREA DRAWING

ACRES I N TH OU SANDS

:•:•:•:• •:•:•:•:

:•:•:-:

:•:•:•:

25.4

COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL

INDUSTRY GOVT.

PUBLIC

STREETS 8 LANES

N. B . PERCENTAGES ARE OF TOTAL CITY AREA OF 26,717 ACRES IN 1961 AND 46,269 ACRES

CITY OF EDMONTON

IN 1980

GENERAL PLAN 1961

1980

LAND USE TOTALS IN EDMONTON 1961 AND 1980 DRAWING

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LEGEND 111111111111111111 PRESENT CITY BOUNDARY BOUNDARY FOR 660,000 POP EXISTING MAJOR PIPE LINES - 1962 PROPOSED MAJOR PIPE LINES FOR 660,000 POP. PROPOSED MAJOR PIPE UNES FOR 1,000,000 POP.

RIO

EXISTING STORAGE IN MILLIONS OF GALLONS-I962 PROPOSED STORAGE IN MILLIONS OF GALLONS FOR 660,000 POP. LIMIT OF PRIMARY PUMPING ZONE

111M1H1111111.11111111111111111

It;IIlII

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MILES

I r I ILI i 1

CITY OF EDMONTON GENERAL PLAN

WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 1980 DRAWING

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Lii

rTIFITMINT.TY1

7. EDE '

B° ,ir.,Ini•,674.0. Alr/ A0i„1it .k ll...,,m..i.... ..,.... , n ap,

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PRESENT CITY BOUNDARY BOUNDARY FOR 660,000 POP

CIR.R0 EXISTING SANITARY INTERCEPTORS PROPOSED STORM INTERCEPTORS PROPOSED SANITARY INTERCEPTORS PROPOSED FORCEMAINS AND SYPHONS •

▪ ET.

PROPOSED PUMPWELLS PROPOSED FLUSH TANKS

MILES

CITY OF EDMONTJN GENERAL PLAN

SEWER SYSTEM EXTENSION 1980 DRAWING

oRANGE 250 NAMAO AIRPORT

TWP. 54 TWP. 53

i,".DRACIV;

SHERWOOD PSIK

EDMONTON

METROPOLITAN LAND U SE - 1961 GENERAL URBAN =I GENERAL INDUSTRIAL

0 TWP. 52 TWP. 51

r=11 CENTRAL AREA CENTRAL BUSINESS MAJOR COMMERCIAL MEI RIVER VALLEY 8, MAJOR R .:CREATION - HIGHWAYS

MAJOR TRAFFI

ARTERIES

RAILWAY 0 54N55 2

oR ANUE 2i

10 2

TWP. 52 °

H ER WOOD Pe(

STONY PLAIN

EDMONTON

METROPOLITAN LAND

USE - 1980

GENERAL URBAN GENERAL INDUSTRIAL

E:=1

TWP, 52

CENTRAL AREA CENTRAL BUSINESS MAJOR COMMERCIAL RIVER VALLEY 8, MAJOR RECREATION

- HIGHWAYS & MAJOR TRAFFIC ARTERIES RAILWAY

DRAWING No.

•

ING COMMISSION 1 '

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— — I2 -

r: 1

( z

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PRELIMINARY DISTRICT PLAN METROPOLITAN PART MAP AS AMENDED AND CONSOLIDATED

GENERAL URBAN

412

—14

AGRICULTURAL - GENERAL URBAN RESERVE GENERAL INDUSTRIAL METROPOLITAN RECREATIONAL COUNTRY RESIDENCE

:.:•:41

SMALL HOLDINGS LOW DENSITY AGRICULTURAL

0 SCA, in MILES

AIRPORT —

ADOPTED BY EDMONTON DISTRICT PLANNING COMMISSION DATE

JUNE 7,15e,

APPROVED BY PROVINCIAL PLANNING ADVISORY BOARD DATE

JULY ISOSZ

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KEY POLICE DEPARTMENT BUILDINGS

FIRE DEPARTMENT BUILDINGS 0

111 iit44 I IV'illIli r il

Idylwylde 8314 - 88 AVE.

® Strathcona 8331- 104 St SHERWOOD PARK

iilifil"Illi

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111. AU M- rli [V ME-A =1:17=1. Arf',

R.C.M.P BUILDINGS SHERWOOD PARK

95 ST. - 101 AVE.

PROPOSED BUILDINGS ( by 1980 ) SHERWOOD PARK

a PROPOSED

Proposed Fire Hall

BUILDINGS

( by one million population )

Proposed Police Buildings

PROPOSED BUILDINGS ( leased )

11 -,--,--.-3) ' -' -' mz--, , " . • 11±,

10527 - 142 ST.

HEALTH DEPARTMENT BUILDINGS

iiii

0 l —AP, -AN ru-4,AiiI Hi II lit6010 ,..1.7.= ! N_JILL (MIU1111111111111=-1/ Elk.rr6S'

Int:

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LIBRARY BUILDINGS

11A*>-- ri 111.7---4=11 i i.--,, Ill - 1 E ioplgliiirt 411 iilt liiklk i 6.1 e ut4,it. o

. --,, -.. •• 't,4

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•••

0 AP!1

NOTE . FOR DETAILS SEE TEXT.

r;•.4 16W.11 l kt11)1:_?Iiali 4(r,01) 1 2_a_z_. _7„. , ma 1

Proposed Library

E7U(Mt

:I :. mivi asp

CITY OF EDMONTON GENERAL PLAN

-1

NOTE •

BOOKMOBILE STOPS

POLICE & FIRE DEPT. BLDGS. LIBRARIES & HEALTH CLINICS I MILE IMEECINIM:=1 0 0.5

DRAWING

EDMONTON CIVIC CENTRE PLAN

irsabvw

° n PA AVE.

103 AV,

102 AVE

mom. 4m se

•

savesaw•

LEGEND MEM PROPOSED BUILDING, EXISTING BUILDING PROPOSED PARK

100 AVE

1 CITY HALL ADOITION 2 POSTAL TERMINAL 3 LAND TITELS 4 MUMCIPAL OFFICES 5 COURT HOUSE 6 LEGAL BUILDING 7 COLISEUM 8 TOURIST CENTRE 9 25 STOREY OFFICE TOWER 10 OFFICE BUILDING 11 HOTEL EXPANSION IR .0 ROOM GONVENTION HOTEL

The City of Edmonton 15 MAMA COLLEGE EXPANSION 14 RETAIL 15 WOODWARD'S EXPANSION 16 PARKING 17 UNDERGROUND PARKING IS LIBRARY 19 T.M.C.A. EXPANSION 20 CANADIAN LEGION 21 RECREATION CENTRE MUSEUM 22 ART GALLERY 23 EATON'S EXPANSION 24 BUS TERMIN•L EXPANSION

GENERAL PLAN Source: K. C. Stanley & Company, Architects

CIVIC CENTRE PLAN DRAWING 16

CORE AREA LAND-USE PLAN

E CORE SHOPPING RETAIL AND OFFICE

I= HIGH DENSITY OFFICE AND RETAIL

I= CIVIC CULTURAL AND GOVERNMENTAL

WHOLESALE OFFICES AND WAREHOUSING

MI HOTEL, MOTEL AND OFFICE

Via BUS 0 50 100 200 300 400 SCALE IN FEET

TERMINAL

THE ILLUSTRATIVE RETAIL - OFFICE CENTRE AND THE CIVIC CENTRE PLAN

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101.11MLTISIT I III 11

vim% 11 I 11 III El II

T. EATON CO.

LIBRAR:

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C.1

, C)

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HI NI 1111Hif

1% EATON CO.

ten 0

HUDSON'S BAY BAY CO.

me% gailiF.,,,t7,41r4T5LT.7:.Taggq; ... ......

NORTH

0 50 100 200 300 400 SCALE IN FEET

CENTRAL AREA STREET PLAN-1980

104 AVE

t 103 AVE

102 AVE

ASPER AVENUE

100 AVE

99 AVE

98 AVE

CROSSTOWN BYPASS ROUTES AND INTERCHANGES PRIMARY ACCESS AND DISTRIBUTOR ROUTE LOCAL SERVICE STREETS

CITY CENTRE HOUSING AREA -- LAND-USE PLAN

Aff [

AM •

•

I •MI • AN

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Ii; H.M C S NONSUCH

GOVERNMENT . CENTRE I

LEGEND

3. A.

•

11111111

MICH DENSITY APARTMENT DISTRICT PARKING MIXED USES, OFFICE AND APARTMENT ACCESS LIMITED BY SLOPE

ACCESS LIMITED BY FUNCTION

= DIVIDED ROADWAY. LIMITED ACCESS RENFREW

ARTERIAL ROADWAY

BASEBALL PARK •.

• COLLECTOR ROADWAY

CITY PLANNING DEPARTMENT

APARTMENT DISTRICT STUDY

DEVELOPMENT PLAN SCALE

200.

OraWn by: DAM. 0.5.

565

-4:17

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KEY A

ADMINISTRATION 8 SHOPS EDMONTON ELEMENTARY 5 JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS.

151

EDMONTON COMPOSITE HIGH SCHOOLS. JASPER PLACE SCHOOLS. PROPOSED PUBLIC SCHOOL LOCATIONS SEPERATE

re124 Lillti ,f-z-liv?/ <T7 1 1-L lam '4,,t)N14/42. • &at-. ar:c

CITY OF EDMONTON GENERAL PLAN

EDMONTON 81 JASPER PLACE PUBLIC SCHOOLS I MILE IiMMI=M=1 o.5

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CITY

OF EDMONTON

GENERAL PLAN EDMONTON 81 JASPER PLACE SEPARATE SCHOOLS I MILE 0

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Royal Alesandra • 102 St. • KIngerey.

CHRONIC HOSPITALS. (Monroe' Provincial General • 1023t. 8 III Ave.

111 101411 7 gd"ri ff!._; 1-111 1741 t 11 1 /4;2 - rw 1\ 11217 ; 10 11

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EZI

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)44 .P r"g;-7 3i -

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fag(rAAre fool

CITY OF EDMONTON GENERAL PLAN

HOSPITALS IN EDMONTON Eit JASPER PLACE I MILE

IMINI=C1 0.6

DRAWING 2 1

SCHEDULE OF BUILDINGS EXISTING. I. LEGISLATIVE BUILDING. 2. NATURAL RESOURCES BUILDING. 3. ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. 4. HIGHWAYS BUILDING. 5. TERRACE BUILDING. 6. PUBLIC WORKS BUILDING. 7 GREENHOUSES. 8. POWERHOUSE. 9. A. G. T. BUILDING. 10.FEDERAL BUILDING. II. PARKING FLOORS HEIGHT PROPOSED. 10 140' 12. OFFICE BUILDING. 160' II 13. " II

GROUND AREA FLOOR AREA POPULATION 30,000

230,000 0

704

140'

16,400 0

.184,000 0

736

100'

13,790 0

109,4500

437

150

â&#x20AC;&#x201D;

130,000 0

500

629,450 0

TOTALS =

920

76,000 0

15. " 16.A. G. T OFFICE BUILDING. I. BRIDGE. 18. PARKING.

DEVELOPMENT

16,000 0

14.

3297

EXISTING PROPOSED

NOTE The Development Scheme Area as proposed for the GOVERNMENT CENTRE by the Hon. EC. Colborne, Minister of Public Works , by letter dated 29 July 1963 following a recent meeting of the Cabinet.

CONFIDENTIAL CITY OF EDMONTON GENERAL PLAN NOTE

CONFIDENTIAL

INFORMATION SUPPLIED BY THE DEPT. OF PUBLIC WORKS, AND IS SUBJECT TO REVISION.

BASED ON

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT CENTRE

FEET 0

100

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PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS E3( OFFICES

LEGEND C/

APPROVED PROPOSED BUILDINGS A. SOCIAL SCIENCES BUILDINGS B. STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LAB. C. MAINTENANCE GARAGE ADDITION D. HOUSEHOLD ECONOMICS BUILDING

TENTATIVELY PROPOSED BUILDINGS & SITES E. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING F. AGRICULTURAL BUILDING EXTENSION G. RADIATION RESEARCH LAB. (UNDERGROUND) H. ADMINISTRATION BUILDING ADDITION I.

1--1

STUDENTS UNION BUILDING ADDITION

OTHER POSSIBLE FUTURE BUILDINGS J. PHYSICAL EDUCATION BUILDING EXTENSION K. ENGINEERING COMPLEX L. STADIUM

EXISTING BUILDINGS 0

I. ADMINISTRATION BUILDING.

STRE ET.

ARTS BUILDING.

ARTS BUILDING ANNEX.

EDUCATION BUILDING (NEW).

ENGINEERING BUILDING.

MEDICAL SCIENCE BUILDING.

AGRICULTURAL

ASSINIBOIA HALL ( MEN'S RESIDENCE).

9. 10.

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING.

ATHABASCA HALL (

CAFETERIA.

II. CHEMISTRY BUILDING. 12. DOMINION LAB. OF PLANT PATHOLOGY. 13. GARAGES. 14. GREENHOUSES. 15. GROUNDS DEPT. - MAINTENANCE SHOP.

ci)

16. GROUNDS DEPT. - GREENHOUSE. 17. HYDRAULICS. 18. OLD INFIRMARY. 19. LECTURE WING V'. 20.

® I

MATHEMATICS.

22.

NORTH LAB. BUILDING.

23.

PEMBINA HALL (WOMEN'S RESIDENCE).

24.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION .

25.

POWER PLANT ( NORTH ) .

26.

RESIDENCE (PRESIDENT).

27.

RESIDENCE (STAFF). SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT.

28.

RUTHERFORD LIBRARY.

21.

29.

ARMED SERVICES BUILDING.

30.

ST. JOSEPH'S COLLEGE.

31.

ST. STEPHEN'S COLLEGE.

32.

SOUTH LAB. BUILDING.

33.

STAFF APARTMENTS.

34.

SUPERINTENDENT OF BUILDINGS.

35.

STUDENTS UNION BUILDING.

36. 37.

TENNIS COURT - STUDENT. VAN DER GRAAF BUILDING.

38.

WORKS DEPARTMENT.

39.

GRADUATE STUDIES LIBRARY.

AVENUE.

CITY OF EDMONTON GENERAL PLAN

UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA 87

AVENUE.

DRAWING 24

_J 87

AVENUE

LEGEND 40. PROVINCIAL AUDITORIUM 41. RESEARCH COUNCIL OF ALBERTA 42. FOOD SERVICES BUILDING 43. WOMEN'S RESIDENCE 44. MEN'S RESIDENCE 45. POWER PLANT (SOUTH) 46. EDUCATION BUILDING 47. ABERHART SANATORIUM 48. NURSES HOME (SANATORIUM) 49. SERVICE BUILDING (SANATORIUM) 50. INTERNES' RESIDENCE 51, NURSES' HOME 52. UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, MAIN BUILDING 53. CANCER CLINIC 83

AVENUE

54. 55. 56. 57. 58.

WELLS PAVILION LAUNDRY a MORGUE PROVINCIAL LAB. OF PUBLIC HEALTH HEALTH SERVICES BUILDING COLONEL MEWBURN PAVILION a OTO - LARYNGOLOGY

59. OPHTHALMOLOGY

CITY OF EDMONTON GENERAL PLAN

UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA

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LEGEND

--77It,L5-TIII-I' 74 al " Ill r

11-,

1.41 1- - -1-muL -7-

1:1316 6% A

I.-F

1 . FEDERAL BUILDING. 2. OLIVER BUILDING. 3. MAIN POST OFFICE. 4. SOUTH SIDE POST OFFICE. 5. TERMINAL (A). - TO BE BUILT. 6. POSTAL SUB-STATION (S). 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 . CHARLES CAMSELL HOSPITAL. 12. COLONEL MEWBURN PAVILION 14. ROYAL CANADIAN NAVY ( H.M.C.S. NONSUCH) 15 PRINCE OF WALES ARMOURY. 16. CONNAUGHT ARMOURY. IT. ROYAL CANADIAN MOUNTED POLICE. IS. DEPARTMENT OF IMMIGRATION BRANCH. 19. REGIONAL MECHANICAL WORKSHOP & STORES. 20, RADIO STATION - CALDER . 21. WEIGHTS 8, MEASURES INSPECTION. 22. CANADIAN GOVERNTMENT ELEVATOR. 23. SPRAGUE BUILDING. C D.N.D. RECRUITING)

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EJ - MOHAMMEDAN MOSQUE.

EDMONTON et JASPER PLACE CATHOLIC & NON- CHRISTIAN CHURCHES

Fl. — McMURRAY

...

PEACE RIVER

GRANDE PRAIRIE

LEGEND

NATIONAL PARKS PROVINCIAL PARKS

•

CAMP SITES

▪

HISTORICAL SITES LAKES & FISHING ZONES BIG GAMES ZONES

RIVERS RAILWAYS PAVED ROADS GRAVEL ROADS ▪

AIRPORTS EDMONTON PLANNING REGION

RED DEER CORONATION

POPULATION OF CITIES a TOWNS

CAPITAL

CITIES

CITY OF EDMONTON

TOWNS

5,000

TO 10,000

2,500

TO 5,000

1,000

UNDER

2,500

1,000

GENERAL PLAN

EDMONTON RECREATION REGION DRAWING

niii 1,1,1110

LEGEND GENERAL FAMILY SPORT B RECREATION AREAS IONA,

GOLF CLUBS SKI HILLS BOWLING ALLEYS

GOLF DRIVING RANGES TENNIS COURTS SWIMMING POOLS SPORT FIELDS

CITY OF EDMONTON GENERAL PLAN

EDMONTON METROPOLITAN RECREATION DISTRICT 6 MILES IMM=MCI 0 I.5 3 4.5 6

DRAWING

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LEGEND

III IT'IHT TI FEN 141

GENERAL AND HIGHWAY COMMERCIAL IN OPERATION

J1I1

ZONED

MAJOR PLANNED SHOPPING CENTRE IN OPERATION

4-Tv-•

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MINOR

VVV

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IN OPERATION ZONED PROPOSED

A CITY OF EDMONTON GENERAL PLAN

COMMERCIAL SHOPPING AREAS I MILE MMIN=!CI

DRAWING

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RESIDEN T IAL

(r)

1500

1000

LEGEND

ONE FAMILY DWELLINGS

TWO FAMILY DWELLINGS

200 •••=.

100

MULTIPLE FAMILY DWELLINGS

HI jun

• 11: CENTRAL AREA

AREAS OF MIXED AGE TYPES

OVER 50% BEFORE 192/

NB TOTAL LAND IN RESIDENTIAL USE IS 15,543 ACRES OR

OVER 50 04

OVER 50%

AREAS NOT

AREAS OUTSIDE

1936-50

SINCE I95C

FULLY DEVELOPED

EXISTING CITY

1921-35

CITY OF EDMONTON GENERAL PLAN

SOURCE CITY PLANNING WETS. 1962

LAND IN RESIDENTIAL USE BY AREAS IN EDMONTON 1980

33 6 % OF CITY TOTAL (46,269 ACRES) IN 1980 DRAWING

1 IWI H .

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UM•IIMME ZIOMINE•1111

INDUSTRY AT ONE MILLION POPULATION

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I Mil I • II

GENERAL PLAN

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DRAWING

Jr 9.0

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190 18 0

N.`kk• Nvr

diVrAtqnints

„

L.! LEGEND

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LESS THAN 5 PERSONS PER ACRE 51 -10 PERSONS PER ACRE

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10.1- 12.5

12.6- 15.0

Ell

15.1-20 MORE THAN 20.1 PERSONS PER ACRE

CITY OF EDMONTON GENERAL PLAN

GROSS RESIDENTIAL DENSITY 19 61 DRAWING

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OUTH SIDE OF RIVER

LEGEND

1.7 LESS THAN 5 PERSONS PER ACRE 5.1 - 10 PERSONS PER ACRE

,1111111111111

12.6 - 15.0

=I 15.1 - 20

MORE THAN 20.1 PERSONS PER ACRE

CITY OF EDMONTON GENERAL PLAN

GROSS RESIDENTIAL DENSITY 1980 DRAWING

•

,Tv 47111J r.,

lit •

LAVIGNE

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: •

[Includes 2 folded O/S Maps - Drawing 12 and Drawing 14]

EDMONTON'S CENTRAL AREA 1963