TABLES AND FIGURES Page I.
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS 1. EDMONTON SUB-REGION AND THE EDMONTON CENSUS METROPOLITAN AREA Figure I - 1.1 Table I - 1.2 Table
I -
1.3
Table I - 1.4
Edmonton Sub-Region,-1982 Edmonton Metro and Sub-Region Population, 1977-1982 ...... . • • Comparative Population Statistics Edmonton, Edmonton- Metro, Edmonton Sub-Region, and Alberta, 1977-1982 . . . Edmonton Population Growth as Percent of Edmonton Metro's, Sub-Region's and Alberta's, 1977-1982
1
3
2. THE CITY OF EDMONTON Table I - 2.1 Table I - 2.2 Table I - 2.3 Table
I - 2.4
Table
I - 2.5
Figure I - 2.6 Table I - 2.7 Figure I - 2.8 Figure I - 2.9 Table
I - 2.10
Table
I - 2.11
Edmonton Population. Growth, 5 1977-1982 Percentage Distribution of Edmonton Population by:, Age 6 Group, 1979 and 1982 Households and.Pamilies,- Edmonton .7 and Edmonton Metro, 1971, 1976 and 19.81, Families by Number of Persons, Edmonton 1971, 1976 and 1981 Births, Deaths and Marriages in 9 Edmonton, 1977-1982 - 10 Ward Boundaries, 1982. . ..... Edmonton Population by Ward, 1977-1972.. . '11 Edmonton Population by Small Area, .12 1977 and 1982 City of Edmonton-Map Showing 13 Census Tracts, 1982 Edmonton Population by Census Tract, 1977 and 1982 Edmonton Population by Outline Plan H16 Area, 1977-1982 ....... ., ,
II. ECONOMIC FACTORS 1. OUTPUT AND TRADE Table II - 1.1 Table II - 1.2 Table II -
1.3
Gross National Product, 19777198.2, . • • y17 Canadian Balance ofPaymentaCurrent Account, 1977-1982 4., , .. , .. -Price:of Foreign, Currenciesin;,.4anada, . 19 497771982.. . . . , .. . . ,
Table II - 2.12 Comparison of Provincial Taxes and Fees, 1982 Table II - 2.13 Index of Property Tax Increases for Edmonton, 1977-1982
40 41
3. LABOUR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT Table II - 3.1
Table II - 3.2
Labour Force Participation Rate and Unemployment Rate Edmonton Metro, Alberteand.,Canada 1977-1982 Employment Indexes - Industrial Composite, Edmonton, Alberta and Canada, 1977.-1982
42 43
4. CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING Selected Canadian Interest Rates, 1977-1982 4.2 Value and Building Permits, Edmonton, 1977-1982 4.3 Housing Starts and Completions, Edmonton and Edmonton Metro, 1977-1982 4.4 Housing Starts by Type of Dwelling, Edmonton and Edmonton Metro, 1977-1982 4.5 Number of Dwelling Units, Edmonton 1977-1982 4.6 Apartment Vacancy Rate, Edmonton Metro, 1977-1982 4.7 Office Space Availability in Downtown Buildings as of October, 1982 4.8 Market Growth and Absorption Analysis, 1977-1982 4.9 Apartment Rents in Edmonton by Type of Unit, 1977-1982 4.10 Costs of Home Ownership in Edmonton, 1977-1982.
Table II - 4.1 Table II Table II Table II Table II Table II Table II Table II Table II Table II I.
:44
46 47_ : 48
50
.
52 53
FINANCIAL RESOURCES 1. OPERATING REVENUES Table I - 1.1 Table I - 1.2 Table I - 1.3 Table I - 1.4 Table I - 1.5 Table Table I - 1.6
Operating Revenues by Sources„ 1977-1982 • • • Property Assessment, 1977-1982 Average Property Assessment and Property • .5.6 Tax Levy Per Dwelling Unit - 1977.-1982 Property Tax Mill Rates, 1977-1982. . . . 57' Comparative House Prices andJropertT 58 Tax Levy on a Sample House in 1982 Business Assessment and:Taxation, . 1977-1982 .
Table II - 2.12 Comparison of Provincial Taxes and Fees, 1982 Table II - 2.13 Index of Property Tax Increases for Edmonton, 1977-1982
40 41
3. LABOUR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT Table II - 3.1
Table II - 3.2
Labour Force Participation Rate and Unemployment Rate - Edmonton Metro, Alberta and Canada 1977-1982 Employment Indexes - Industrial Composite, Edmonton, Alberta and Canada, 1977-1982
42 43
4. CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING Table II - 4.1 Table II Table II Table II Table II Table II Table II Table II Table II Table II I.
Selected Canadian Interest Rates, 1977-1982 4.2 Value and Building Permits, Edmonton, 1977-1982 4.3 Housing Starts and Completions, Edmonton and Edmonton Metro, 1977-1982 4.4 Housing Starts by Type of Dwelling, Edmonton and Edmonton Metro, 1977-1982 4.5 Number of Dwelling Units, Edmonton 1977-1982 4.6 Apartment Vacancy Rate, Edmonton Metro, 1977-1982 4.7 Office Space Availability in Downtown Buildings as of October, 1982 . . . 4.8 Market Growth and Absorption Analysis, 1977-1982 4.9 Apartment Rents in Edmonton by Type of Unit, 1977-1982 4.10 Costs of Home Ownership in Edmonton, 1977-1982
44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53
FINANCIAL RESOURCES 1. OPERATING REVENUES Table I - 1.1 Table I - 1.2 Table I - 1.3 Table I - 1.4 Table I - 1.5 Table I - 1.6
Operating Revenues by Sources, 1977-1982 • . • , 54 Property Assessment, 1977-1982 . . . 55 Average Property Assessment and Property Tax Levy Per Dwelling Unit - 1977=-1982. . . 56 Property Tax Mill Rates, 1977-1982, . :57 Comparative House Prices and Property Tax Levy on a Sample - House -in 1982. . . 58 Business Assessment and Taxation, ,59 1977-1982. . • ,•
2. TOTAL MAN YEARS Table III - 2.1 Table III - 2.2 Table III - 2.3 Table III - 2.4 Table III - 2.5 Table III - 2.6
Manpower Strength of the City of Edmonton by Group, 1977-1982 Percentage Distribution of the City of Edmonton Man Years by Group, 1977-1982. . Manpower Strength of the City of Edmonton by Function, 1977-1982 Percentage Distribution of the City of Edmonton Man Years by Function, 1977-1982. The City of Edmonton Man Years per 1000 Population, 1977-1982 The City of Edmonton Man Years per 1000 Population by Function, 1977-1982. . .
80 81 82 83 84 85
3. LABOUR COSTS Table III - 3.1 Table III - 3.2
Total Labour Cost of the City of Edmonton, 1977-1982 Average Labour Cost Per Man Year of the City of Edmonton, 1977-1982 .
86 87
- 1 Figure I - 1.1 EDMONTON SUB-REGION, 1982
Bo •
Gltibons
sommionsiv'trttaskatasevian:
B
Spruce Gro e •
• Stony Plain
LEttionv000lk.
• Devon
• Calmar
SOURCE: Edmonton Planning Department
0.
• Beaumont
TABLE I - 2.1 EDMONTON POPULATION GROWTH, 1977 - 1983
Year
Assumed Natural Total Net Total Increase 1) Population( (Births-Deaths) Migration(3) Change
% Change
1977
471,474
5,346
4,767
10,113
2.19
1978
478,066
5,307
1,285
6,592
1.40
1979
491,359
5,340
7,730
13,293
2.78
1980
505,773
5,720
8,694
14,414
2.93
1981
521,205*
6,336
9,096
15,432
3.05
1982
551,314
6,988
(4) 23,121
1983
560,085
7,906
865
SOURCES:
(4) 30,109 5.76 8,771
1.59
(1) Edmonton Executive Services Department, Edmonton Civic Census. (2)Edmonton Local Board of Health. These figures have been adjusted from the Local Board of Health annual statistics to allow for the difference between the Civic Census Year and the calendar year. (3)Net migration is defined as the difference between in-migration and out-migration. Its figure is obtained by subtracting the natural increase from the total population change. (4)The significant increase in 1982 figures is due to annexation.
NOTE:
Edmonton civic census figure was used in order that the measurement of change will be consistent with the previous years.
TABLE I - 2.2 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF EDMONTON POPULATION BY AGE GROUP, 1979 and 1983 1979 Age 0 5 10 15 20 25 35 45 55 65
- 4 - 9 - 14 - 19 - 24 - 34 - 44 - 54 - 64 and over
TOTAL
1982
Persons % of Total
1983
Persons % of Total
% Change Persons % of Total 1979 - 1982
29,615 32,001 35,587 46,886 70,241 98,471 56,326 50,297 36,416 35,519
6.0 6.5 7.2 9.5 14.3 20.0 11.5 10.2 7.4 7.2
36,011 34,777 35,296 43,461 78,441 123,652 66,054 52.913 40,923 39,786
6.5 6.3 6.4 7.9 14.2 22.4 12.0 9.6 7.4 7.2
37,688 35,767 34,978 41,179 74,855 128,874 69,319 53,081 42,510 41,834
6.7 6.4 6.2 7.4 13.4 23.0 12.4 9.5 7.6 7.3
21.6 8.7 -0.8 -7.3 11.7 25.6 17.3 5.2 12.4 12.0
491,359
100.0
551,314
100.0
560,085
100.0
12.2
SOURCE: Edmonton Civic Census
8
TABLE I — 2.4 FAMILIES BY NUMBER OF PERSONS, EDMONTON, 1971, 1976 and 1981
1971 No.
1976
1981
No.
No.
Families by Number of Persons Two
32,400
30.2
42,450
37.5
57,005
42.4
Three
22,125
20.6
24,410
21.6
30,490
22.7
Four
24,100
22.5
25,130
22.2
29,460
21.9
Five
15,260
14.2
13,030
11.5
12,475
9.3
Six +
13,370
12.5
8,115
7.1
5,100
3.8
Total Families
107,255
100.0
113,135
100.0
134,540
100.0 =====
Average Number of Persons per Family
SOURCE:
3.6
3.3
Census of Canada, 1971, Households, Household Composition, Catalogue 93-701, Bulletin 2. 1-4; and Census of Canada, 1976, Families, Catalogue 93-821, Bulletin 4.2; Census of Canada, 1981.
3.1
- 10 Figure I - 2.6 CITY OF EDMONTON WARD BOUNDARIES, 1982
ELECTORAL WARDS
PLANNING
-12EDMONTON POPULATION BY DISTRICT PLAN AREA 1977 TO 1982
Figure I - 2.8
PLANNING SUB-DISTRICTS LEGEND:
# 191# 9 NMI MI
1.1977 POPULATION 2. 1982 POPULATION 3.% CHANGE 1977-1982
•
r • OW
9 BID 9 an • in
S is*
4 1.55,155 2.54,990 3 (-0.3) 1.35 632)2.49 255 ---3. (38.2) 1. 45,835 ' 7 41,962 3. (-8.4)
...1.40,898 2.39,734 I-rd 3. (-2.8)
i 4r
•
LB
1. 34,347 2. 52,123 3 (51.8)
•
• 35.295• (-10.5
s,
S IMP 9 SW
•
- 39.733 • 37,496 • ( -5.6
•
•
6i,(364 1. 2.56,807 3 (-11.1) 17,104 34,933 (104.2)
1.26.663 2.44.533 3.(67.0)
P
IMP
MID II NI
1.15.959 2.53,060 (232.5) , 3.
-I
p.. ................. . ..... .1
SOURCE: Edmonton Planning Department
ai
1
A
-13-
Figure I - 2.9
City of Edmonton Census Tract Boundries - 1982
80
81
r---
78.04
78.0
78.02 78.01
83 65.02 65.01 64 02
51.02 6.01
66
77.01 76.01 69
72
67
70
71
63 62 5202
77.02 76.02 75,02 75.06
68
640
.5201
79
78.05
82
60 0 61 60 02
55 56 57
53 54
84 6.02
92
SOURCE: Edmonton Planning Department
73
7
75.07 94
74 75.05 59
58 42.02
-14TABLE I - 2.10 EDMONTON POPULATION BY CENSUS TRACT - 1977 and 1982
Census Tract 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
1977
1982
% CHANGE 1977-1982 Increase (Decrease)
12,443 10,409 6,522 5,254 5,739 10,347 8,211 5,034 6,925 4,835 5,956 8,986 4,099 4,422 4,433 4,043 4,039 183 4,857 6,745 6,279 4,512 8,618 4,399 3,918 7,893 6,565 7,331 6,659 4,671 5,445 7,164 6,086 6,751 3,472 4,393 5,469 4,371 6,534 5,868 5,218 9,107 3,611 6,346 3,066
18,163 18,150 5,797 5,930 7,373 28,074 8,472 4,365 6,047 4,251 5,707 7,962 4,277 4,046 3,599 3,434 3,650 184 4,317 6,194 6,133 3.940 7,398 3,872 3,383 6,966 6,167 6,701 6,060 4,226 5,065 7,249 5,065 5,677 2,971 3,891 5,124 3,930 5,867 5,101 4,499 8,620 3,278 6,020 2,411
45.97 74.37 (11.12) 12.87 28.47 171.33 3.18 (13.29) (12.68) (12.08) (4.18) (11.40) 4.34 (8.50) (18.81) (15.06) (9.63) 0.55 (11.12) (8.17) (2.33) (12.68) (14.16) (11.98) (13.65) (11.74) (6.06) (8.59) (9.00) (9.53) (6.98) 1.19 (16.78) (15.91) (14.43) (11.43) (6.31) (10.09) (10.21) (13.07) (13.78) (5.35) (9.22) (5.14) (21.36)
-15-
Census Tract 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 90 91 92 93 94
1976 4,686 6,047 3,913 4,720 4,857 3,354 5,018 4,630 4,417 4,949 4,424 3,034 6,772 6,693 7,252 4,148 3,810 5,375 3,016 7,446 5,357 5,325 6,361 4,304 5,385 5,382 5,366 5,199 100 15,890 9,421 10,844 10,901 .110.•••
-15,695 ••••=r
-
1981 4,863 6,121 3,626 4,111 4,548 2,832 5,412 4,327 4,232 4,312 3,834 2,579 6,777 6,428 6,949 3,652 3,533 4,568 2,499 6,238 4,901 4,981 5,539 3,653 4,629 4,591 4,656 4,867 55 32,883 8,399 10,389 28,018 131 3,342 60 98 81 2,700 53,017 11 3,212 0
54
SOURCE: Edmonton Executive Services Department, Edmonton Civic Census
7; CHANGE 1976-1981 Increase (Decrease) 3.78 1.22 (7.33) (12.90) (6.36) (15.56) 7.85 (6.54) (4.19) (12.87) (13.34) (15.00) 0.07 (3.96) (4.18) (11.96) (7.27) (15.01) (17.14) (16.22) (8.51) (6.46) (12.92) (15.12) (14.04) (14.70) (13.23) (6.39) (45.00) 106.94 (10.85) (4.20) 157.01 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 237.80 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
TABLE II - 1.1 GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT*, CANADA 1977-1983
GNP at Market Prices $ million
% Growth
GNP in 1971 Dollars $ million
% Growth ,
1977
210,189
9.6
121,988
2.0
1978
232,211
10.5
126,347
3.6
1979
264,279
13.8
130,362
3.2
1980
297,556
12.6
131,765
1.1
1981
339,797
14.2
136,108
3.3
1982
358,302
5.4
130,065
-4.4
1983
390,340
8.9
134,353
3.3
Average Annual % change 1977-1982
10.9
1.6
Source: Bank of Canada, Bank of Canada Review, September, 1983 * Gross National Product is defined as the value of total production attributable to Canadians, regardless of where that production takes place.
TABLE II - 1.2 CANADIAN BALANCE OF PAYMENTS CURRENT ACCOUNT 1977-1983 ($ million)
Current Account Balance
Year
Trade Merchandise
Services
1977
2,975
-7,722
413
-4,334
1978
4,315
-9,282
50
-4,917
1979
4,425
-9,931
666
-4,840
1980
8,793
-11,118
1,256
-1,069
1981
7,368
-14,686
1,552
-5,766
1982
17,813
-16,520
1,371
2,665
1983
17,705
-16,801
781
1,686
Transfers
Source: Bank of Canada, Bank of Canada Review, September, 1983
-19-
TABLE II - 1.3 PRICE OF FOREIGN CURRENCIES IN CANADA* (1977-1982) (average of daily rates)
Currency
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
French Franc
0.217
0.254
0.276
0.277
0.231
0.189
German Mark
0.459
0.569
0.639
0.644
0.532
0.508
Italian Lira
0.00121
0.00135
0.00141
0.00137
0.00106
0.00091
Japanese Yen
0.00398
0.00548
0.00537
0.00519
0.00545
0.00497
Swiss Franc
0.445
0.644
0.705
0.698
0.613
0.609
Pound Sterling
1.857
2.191
2.486
2.721
2.430
2.158
U.S. Dollars
1..063
1.141
1.171
1.169
1.199
1.234
*measured in Canadian dollars. Source: Federal Department of Finance, Economic Review, April 1983
-21-
TABLE II — 1.5 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AT FACTOR COST ALBERTA AND CANADA 1977 — 1982
Canada
Alberta $ Million % Growth
$ Million
% Growth
Alberta as Percent of Canada
1977
22,643
15.5
188,624
9.3
12.0
1978
26,636
17.6
210,187
11.4
12.7
1979
32,494
22.0
241,551
14.9
13.4
1980
38,682
19.0
270,942
12.2
14.3
1981
43,364
12.1
304,151
12.3
14.3
1982
45,957
6.0
320,257
5.3
14.4
Average Annual % Change 1977 — 1982
15.4
10.9
SOURCES: (1) Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Alberta Economic Accounts, 1982. (2) Statistics Canada, National Income and Expenditure Accounts, #13001.
-22-
TABLE II — 1.6 PER CAPITA GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AT FACTOR COST ALBERTA AND CANADA 1977 — 1982 Alberta % Growth
Canada % Growth
Alberta/ Canada Ratio
1977
12,035
12.3
8,099
7.9
1.49
1978
13,641
13.3
8,951
10.5
1.52
1979
16,126
18.2
10,205
14.0
1.58
1980
18,337
13.7
11,224
10.0
1.63
1981
18,965
3.4
12,495
10.3
1.52
1982
19,921
5.0
13,001
4.0
1.53
11.0
9.5
Average Annual % Change 1977 — 1982
SOURCES:
(1) Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Alberta -Statistical Review. (2) Statistics Canada, National Income and Expenditure Accounts, #13-001 (3) Statistics Canada, Canadian Statistical Review, #11003—E
-25-
TABLE II — 1.9 _PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN SELECTED INDUSTRY SECTORS, FOR ALBERTA, ONTARIO AND CANADA 1982 Alberta
Ontario
Canada
Alberta as % of Canada
Ontario as % of Canada
($ million) Capital Expenditures Primary & Construction* % of Total
5,450.4 31.3
2,003.6 9.2
15,335.8 20.4
35.5
13.1
Manufacturing % of Total
2,357.7 13.5
4,599.9 21.1
11,122.7 14.8
21.2
41.4
17,400.6
21,766.3
75,078.6
23.2
29.0
1,631.3 45.5
884.1 12.0
5,209.4 22.8
31.3
17.0
305.3 8.5
2,367.5 32.1
4,765.9 20.9
6.4
49.7
3,582.1
7,384.0
22,803.0
15.7
32.4
Total — All Sectors Repair Expenditures Primary & Construction* 7: of Total Manufacturing % of Total Total — All Sectors
Source: Statistics Canada, Private and Public Investment in Canada, Cat. #61-205 * Primary industries include: agriculture and fishing; forestry; mining, quarrying and oil wells.
-26-
TABLE II — 1.10 RETAIL SALES, EDMONTON AND ALBERTA, 1977 — 1982
Alberta Edmonton $ Million % Increase $ Million % Increase
Edmonton as % of Alberta
1977
2,720
18.2
5,927
12.0
45.9
1978
3,174
16.7
6,798
14.7
46.7
1979
NA
NA
8,052
18.4
NA
1980
NA
NA
9,463
17.5
NA
1981
NA
NA
10,906
15.2
NA
1982
NA
NA
10,941
0.3
NA
Average Annual % Increase 1977-1982 17.4
13.0
Sources: (1) Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Retail and Service Trade Statistics (2) Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Alberta Statistical Review.
-27-
TABLE II — 1.11 VALUE OF CHEQUES CASHED IN EDMONTON AND ALBERTA 1977 — 1982
Edmonton $ Million % Increase
Alberta Edmonton as $ Million % Increase % of Alberta
1977
86,211
21.3
205,941
15.7
41.9
1978
105,252
22.1
248,111
20.5
42.4
1979
133,393
26.7
323,636
30.4
41.2
1980
163,245
22.4
408,424
26.2
40.0
1981
209,852
28.6
555,938
36.1
37.7
1982
247,738
18.1
641,024
15.3
38.6
Average Annual % Increase
23.2
24.0
Sources: (1) Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Alberta Statistical Review (2) Statistics Canada, Cheques Cashed, Cat. #61-001
TABLE II - 2.1 CONSUMER PRICE INDEX - CANADA 1977 - 1983 (1981 = 100) Total Excluding Total Total Food Goods Services Shelter
Year
All Items
Food
1977
67.9
62.0
70.2
65.1
72.5
74.7
1978
73.9
71.6
74.7
71.7
77.4
80.2
1979
80.7
81.0
80.6
79.3
82.9
84.7
1980
88.9
89.8
88.7
88.4
89.7
90.3
1981
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1982
110.8
107.2
111.8
109.4
112.9
112.2
1983
117.2
111.2
119.0
115.3
120.2
119.8
Source: Bank of Canada, Bank of Canada Review, September, 1983
-32 -
TABLE II - 2.4 AVERAGE WEEKLY WAGES AND SALARIES* - INDUSTRIAL COMPOSITE EDMONTON, ALBERTA AND CANADA 1977 - 1982
Edmonton % Increase $
Alberta $
Canada Edmonton/Alberta Edmonton/Canada $
1977
241.03
10.1
261.96
249.95
0.92
0.96
1978
257.65
6.9
276.32
265.37
0.93
0.97
1979
291.08
13.0
306.79
288.32
0.95
1.01
1980
320.54
10.1
341.93
317.39
0.94
1.01
1981
362.87
13.2
390.40
355.28
0.93
1.02
10.2 7.
435.47
390.79
0.92
1.02
399.73 1982 l °P _,,,Lf-zZ'r3i Average , Annual Increase 1977-1982
u, cto* 5 1 )
10.6
10.7
9.4
Sources: Statistics Canada, Employment Earnings and Hours, #72-002, or Canadian Statistical Review. #11,003E Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Alberta Statistical Review *For companies having 20 or more employees in any month of the year, including salaried employees and wage earners.
0.•••1.
TABLE II - 2.6 YEARLY PERCENTAGE CHANGE OF NEW HOUSING PRICES IN SELECTED CANADIAN CITIES 1977 -1982 (%)
Edmonton Calgary Winnipez Montreal Toronto Ottawa/Hull (2) (2) (1) (1) (1) (1)
1977
6.9
6.9
6.0
5.4
-0.3
2.9
1978
6.9
8.0
3.5
1.9
0.1
-1.6
1979
7.6
6.7
2.0
5.9
-0.6
0.5
1980
7.9
7.5
0.9
10.9
4.9
5.7
1981
5.5
10.2
7.8
13.6
17.1
11.5
-2.1 -
9.3
7.4
0.8
8.4
-7,7
0.9 -iz.1
73
5.5
6.7
4.9
3.7
4.6
1982 1 6l3 Average Annual % Increase 1977-1982
,
-
7.5
Source: Statistics Canada, Construction Price Statistics, Cat. #62-007. (1) For single detached houses only. (2) For single detached, semi-detached and row condominium houses.
-35-
TABLE II - 2.7 NEW HOUSING PRICE INDEXES IN SELECTED CITIES, SERVICED LOTS ONLY* 1977 - 1982 (1976 = 100)
Avr. Yearly 1982 Of3 % Change
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
Edmonton
113.8
126.5
141.8
155.1
160.5
158.5 /
7.0
Calgary
108.9
118.7
129.2
142.0
150.3
152.9 l'-'�
7.0
Winnipeg
109.4
114.2
118.4
119.5
121.0
139.7 / -2- 2--
5.2
Montreal
104.0
110.9
119.7
128.1
141.4
152.1 ra• 7=''
8.0
Toronto
101.7
102.5
102.6
103.8
106.4
104.9 /Q2 -
0.6
Ottawa/Hull
109.3
109.3
110.0
111.7
117.9
123.2 /34/F
2.5
Canada
105.8
110.1
115.5
124.9
138.9
135.6 /'? -
6.5
CITY
Source: Statistics Canada, Construction Price Statistics, Cat. #62-007 Elements of quality change are excluded from the price measures. Separation of house and land values is derived from builders' estimates of the market value of a serviced lot in the subdivision in which the house is sold, were such a lot to be sold separately. These indexes should be treated with considerable caution as there is evidence to suggest that builders' estimates are slow to be changed particularly in a downward direction.
TABLE II - 2.8 NEW HOUSING PRICE INDEXES IN SELECTED CITIES, STRUCTURES ONLY* 1977 - 1983 (1976 = 100)
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
Avr. Yearly % Change_
Edmonton
103.9
109.1
115.0
123.0
131.2
127.7
122.7
4.3
Calgary
105.9
113.8
120.2
127.5
143.6
144.5
120.6
6.5
Winnipeg
104.7
108.1
109.3
110.4
121.9
130.4
131.3
4.5
Montreal
105.5
106.9
112.8
125.9
143.6
154.2
158.9
8.0
Toronto
98.6
98.1
97.1
104.4
131.3
134.1
127.7
6.8
Ottawa/Hull 100.5
98.3
98.8
106.0
120.8
132.7
143.5
5.9
104.3
107.6
116.1
130.5
131.4
128.2
5.2
CITY
Canada
102.4
Source: (1) Statistics Canada. Construction Price Statistics, Cat #62-007 Elements of quality change are excluded from the price measure. Separation of house and and land values is derived from builders' estimated of the market value of a serviced lot in the subdivision in which the house is sold, were such a lot to be sold separately.
-37-
TABLE II - 2.9 BASIC UNION WAGE RATE INDEXES FOR SELECTED MAJOR CITIES - AVERAGE OF 16 CONSTRUCTION TRADES 1977 - 1982 (1971 = 100)
CITY
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
Edmonton
211.0
224.3
237.6
257.4
282.1
313.9
Calgary
209.2
222.0
235.6
256.4
281.9
312.6
Winnipeg
212.3
221.3
237.5
257.7
282.5
314.7
Montreal
185.7
203.3
214.0
234.8
255.1
277.9
Toronto
184.4
194.4
206.9
219.7
236.9
255.4
Ottawa/Hull
194.4
204.5
218.7
233.4
252.6
274.2
Canada
192.3
204.7
217.3
234.1
255.0
278.2
Source: Statistics Canada, Construction Price Statistics, Cat. #62-007
-38TABLE II - 2.10 INDIVIDUAL INCOMES AND TAXES - EDMONTON 1977 - 1980
1977
1978
1979
1980
254,257
257,495
287,157
312,295
84,027
122,384
109,549
109,235
338,554
379,879
396,706
421,530 -
4,037,515
4,475,213
5,388,014
6,446,721
273,536
397,387
361,328
420,584
4,311,051
4,872,600
5,749,342
6,867,305
15,863
17,380
18,763
20,643
Non-taxable Returns
3,255
3,247
3,298
3,850
Average All Incomes
12,734
12,827
14,493
16,291
1,922
2,055
2,270
2,561
835
918
928
1,047
2,757
2,973
3,198
3,608
&limber of Returns: Taxable Returns Non-Taxable Returns All Returns Total Income ($tbousands): Taxable Returns Non-taxable Returns All Returns Average Income ($): Taxable Returns-
Average tax per taxable Return ($): Federal Tax Provincial Tax Average All Taxes
Source: Revenue Canada, Taxation Statistics, Table 5
_
TABLE II - 2.11 COMPARATIVE AVERAGE INCOME PER TAX RETURN,* 1977 - 1981 ($)
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
Edmonton
12,734
12,827
14,493
16,291
18,665
20,z_sei
Calgary
12,487
13,392
15,323
17,287
20,283
2Z)C71-0 .
Vancouver
12,308
12,781
14,289
16,360
18,063
Regina
12,000
12,137
13,547
14,965
17,132
Winnipeg
10,148
10,365
11,232
12,708
14,338
Toronto
11,640
11,975
13,164
15,196
17,184 /E,"74 7
Ottawa
12,468
13,188
14,144
15,934
18,270 20,223
Montreal
11,677
11,655
12,721
14,538
15,690
Saint John (N.B.)
10,368
10,213
10,984
12,012
13,720
Halifax
11,076
11,389
12,331
13,578
15,988 /7,3'1<'
St. John's (Nfld.)
10,845
10,098
11,189
12,394
12,534 /..C,ff7Y-
ALBERTA
12,085
12,237
13,930
15,708
18,297
Canada
11,114
10,964
12,079
13,716
15,415 /671 k25-
Source:
Revenue Canada, Taxation Statistics, Table 5
* Includes both taxable and non-taxable returns.
10:2
Vg'fq33
- 42 -
TABLE II - 3.1 LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE AND UNEMPLOYMENT RATE EDMONTON METRO, ALBERTA AND CANADA, 1977 - 1982
(%)
Participation Rate Edmonton Metro
(1)
â&#x20AC;¢ Unemployment Rate
Alberta Canada Edmonton Metro
(2)
Alberta Canada
1977
68.0
66.5
61.5
4.4
4.5
8.1
1978
69.3
68.2
62.6
4.7
4.7
8.4
1979
70.8
69.4
63.3
3.7
3.9
7.5
1980
71.5
70.3
64.0
4.0
3.7
7.5
1981
73.2
71.6
64.7
4.1
3.8
7.6
1982
72.0
70.8
64.0
7.9
7.5
11.0
Sources: Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Alberta Statistical Review Statistics Canada, The Labour Force, #71-001, or Canadian Statistical Review, #11-003E Bank of Canada, Monthly Review NOTES: (1)Participation rate is defined as the labor force as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over. The labor force is the total number of persons in the labor market. (2)Unemployment rate is defined as the unemployed labor force as a percentage of the total labor force.
- 43 -
TABLE II - 3.2 EMPLOYMENT INDEXES - INDUSTRIAL COMPOSITE* EDMONTON, ALBERTA AND CANADA, 1977 - 1982 (1961 = 100)
Edmonton
Canada
Alberta
% Change
Indexes
Change
Indexes
3.0
193.3
4.5
144.3
0.1
208.3
3.1
203.3
5.2
146.5
1.5
1979
222.2
6.7
218.1
7.3
150.7
2.9
1980
234.4
5.5
234.5
7.5
152.4
1.1
1981
244.8
4.4
249.6
6.4
155.6
2.1
1982
233.0
-4.8
238.7
-4.4
146.3
-6.0
Year
Indexes
1977
202.1
1978
Average Annual % Increase 1977-1982
% Change
3.0
4.4
0.3
Source: Statistics Canada, Employment Earnings and Hours, Cat. #72-002 * Industrial Composite is the sum for all industries with the exception of agriculture, fishing and trapping, education and related services, health and welfare services, religious organizations, private households and public administration and defence. Employment index is based on the total number of persons employed by those companies having 20 or more employees in any month of the year.
TABLE II - 4.1 SELECTED CANADIAN INTEREST RATES(1) 1977 - 1983
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
Bank Rate
7.50
8.50
11.25
10.67
19.07
16.58
9.42
Chartered Banks Prime Lending Rate
8.25
9.25
12.00
13.25
20.00
18.25
11.00
Conventional Mortgage Rate (5 yr) 10.35
10.32
11.16
12.92
18.55
19.10
12.98
SOURCE: The Bank of Canada, Bank of Canada Review NOTE:
(1) Average rate in June of each year.
1983
-45-
TABLE II - 4.2 VALUE OF BUILDING PERMITS, EDMONTON, 1977 - 1982 ($ thousands)
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
Residential
376,789
460,159
391,703
344,994
523,902
328,425
Commercial
167,647
179,861
298,506
361,848
513,429
313,854
Industrial
40,584
40,980
27,861
48,182
55,918
43,053
Institutional
34,491
55,612
60,826
107,619
54,301
110,465
795
-
-
9,263
9,614
10,274
629,570
746,226
789,170
873,200
1,157,038
802,627
29.9
18.5
5.8
10.7
32.5
-30.6
University of Alberta Miscellaneous Total Value* % Increase
-
-
10,558
9,488
Source: Building Inspection Branch Bylaw Enforcement Department The City of Edmonton. * Excluding roadways work done by City Engineering Department.
830 6L___
TABLE II - 4.4 HOUSING STARTS BY TYPE OF DWELLING, EDMONTON AND EDMONTON METRO, 1977 - 1982 Single & Semi-Detached & Duplex 7; of Total
Units
Row, Apartment & Other Units
Total
% of Total
(1) A. EDMONTON 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982
3,207 5,434 4,138 3,191 4,046 1,811
30.1 27.0 42.7 37.8 38.5 19.9
7,444 9,234 5,544 5,255 6,471 7,300
69.9 63.0 57.3 62.2 61.5 80.1
10,651 14,668 9,682 8,446 10,517 9,111
63.3 57.3 51.3 56.8 58.4 75.8
12,206 17.065 12,298 9,967 11,999 9,738
(2) B. EDMONTON METRO 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982
SOURCES:
4,481 4,481 5,994 4,310 4,991 2,356
36.7 42.7 48.7 43.2 41.6 24.2
7,725 9,771 6,304 5,657 7,008 7,382
(1)
Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Housing Statistics, Prairie Region Office.
(2)
Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Canadian Housing Statistics
TABLE II - 4.5 NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS*, EDMONTON, 1977 - 1983
Year
Single - Family % of Units Total
Others % of Units Total
Total
1977
92,287
54.2
77,987
45.8
170,274
6.8
1978
98,539
55.5
79,188
44.5
177,727
4.4
1979
106,009
56.9
80,454
43.1
186,463
4.9
1980
113,834
59.4
77,959
40.6
191,793
2.8
1981
119,189
61.5
74,747
38.5
193,936
1.1
1982
129,752
62.2
78,905
37.8
208,657
7.6
1983
137,626
64.3
76,282
35.7
213,908
2.5
Units
% Increase
SOURCE: Edmonton Assessment Department, Assessment Roll Statistics * A dwelling unit is defined as self-contained living quarters. It includes both occupied and vacant dwellings.
-50-
TABLE II â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 4.7 (1) OFFICE SPACE AVAILABILITY IN DOWNTOWN BUILDINGS AS OF DECEMBER, 1982
Major Downtown Office Space(2)
Secondary Downtown Office Space (2)
Total Rentable Space (sq. ft.)
9,332,000
657,000
Available Space (sq. ft.)
1,110,500
109,700
11.9
16.7
Vacancy Rate (%)
SOURCE: Edmonton Business Development Department, Office Space Report, June, 1983 NOTES:
(1) This survey is restricted to privately owned buildings in an area bounded by 98th Avenue on the south, by 105th Avenue on the North, by 110th Street on the West, and by 97th Street on the east. In total there were 66 buildings surveyed. (2) The classification between Major and Secondary is based on the quality of office space, e.g., age of building, air conditioning facilities, carpeting, etc.
-51-
TABLE II — 4.8 MARKET GROWTH AND ABSORPTION ANALYSIS — 1977-1982 MAJOR DOWNTOWN OFFICE SPACE
CUMULATIVE CUMULATIVE SQ. FT. SQ. FT. SQ. FT. ABSORBED VACANT BUILT YEAR END SINCE 1970 SINCE 1970
YEAR
PREVIOUS YEARS VACANCY
SQ. FT. ADDED FOR YEAR
TOTAL SUPPLY
1977
134,140
1,369,000
1,503,140
798,200
704,940
7,110,000
6,405,000
1978
704,940
330,000
1,034,940
588,150
446,790
7,440,000
6,993,000
1979
446,790
433,500
880,290
643,900
236,390
7,873,000
7,637,000
1980
236,390
1,395,000
1,594,390
806,980
824,000
9,268,000
8,444,000
1981
824,000
525,000
1,349,000
1,011,000
338,000
9,793,000
9,455,000
1982
338,000
934,000
1,272,000
429,000
843,000 10,727,000
9,884,000
SOURCE:
ABSORPTION FOR YEAR
City of Edmonton, Business Development Department — Office Space Report, June, 1983
-52-
TABLE - 11-4.9 APARTMENT RENTS IN EDMONTON BY TYPE OF UNIT, 1977 - 1982 ($ per month)
Type of Unit Bachelor
1977
1978*
1979
1980*
1981
176
N/A
278
N/A
335
1982 365 \
1 Bedroom
228
N/A
343
N/A
390
430
2 Bedroom
286
N/A
378
N/A
460
496
3 Bedroom
365
N/A
410
N/A
500
557
All Units
264
N/A
352
N/A
421
462
SOURCES: (1) Edmonton Real Estate and Housing Department, 1980 Annual Housing Report, April 1980. (2) Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. CMHC did not collect information in 1978 and 1980.
-53,
TABLE â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 11-4.10 COSTS OF HOME OWNERSHIP IN EDMONTON, 1977-1982 ($)
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
62,884
71,679
78,719
84,600
91,438
91,404
6,288
7,168
7,871
8,460
9,144
9,140
Mortgage
56,596
64,511
70,848
76,140
82,294
82,264
Interest Rate
10.25%
10.75%
12.78%
14.32%
18.15%
17.89%
506
610
774
911
1,225
1,200
43
47
52
61
74
86
549
657
826
972
1,299
1,286
21,738
26,036
32,743
38,880
51,960
51,440
Average telling Price (All Types) Down Payment
Monthly Mortgage Payment (25 Year Amortization) Average Monthly Taxes Total Monthly Cost Minimum Income Required to Purchase
SOURCES: (1) Edmonton Real Estate and Housing Department. (2) Edmonton Real Estate Board.
TABLE I - 1.1 OPERATING REVENUES* BY SOURCE, 1977 - 1983 ($ Thousands) 1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
9,840
10,599
11,341
12,249
13,351
14,686
15,420
18,992
21,562
24,940
29,686
34,139
43,166
48,912,
28,832 (13.9)
32,161 (12.8)
36,281 (13.0)
41,935 (13.6)
47,490 (12.9)
57,852 (13.0)
64,332 (12.9)
(2) UTILITY CONTRIBUTIONS % of TOTAL
21,887 (10.5)
25,031 (9.9)
28,301 (10.2)
32,220 (10.4)
38,313 (10.4)
44,323 (10.0)
49,373 (9.9)
TRANSIT REVENUES % OF TOTAL
18,203 (8.8)
23,504 (9.3)
28,279 (10.2)
24,305 (7.9)
25,984 (7.0)
27,796 (6.3)
36,043 (7.2)
BUSINESS TAXES(3) % of TOTAL
19,771 (9.5)
24,321 (9.7)
27,432 (9.9)
31,128 (10.1)
36,805 (10.0)
46,740 (10.5)
48,774 (9.8)
OTHER REVENUES Government payments in lieu-of taxes (Net)
6,602
4,659
3,134
4,536
6,639
8,507
11,684
Local Improvement Tax
9,735
12,488
14,597
17,070
19,178
22,375
25,868
Gas Franchise Tax
6,653
8,076
8,357
10,181
14,396
19,533
18,068
Fees, Permits, Licences, etc. (4) 27,922
38,631
48,151
56,667
66,939
75,041
81,500
GRANTS Municipal Assistance Conditional Grants(I) Sub Total % of TOTAL
Sub Total % of TOTAL
50,912 (24.5)
63,854 (25.4)
74,239 (26.7)
88,454 (28.6)
107,152 (29.0)
125,456 (28.3)
137,120 (27.5)
PROPERTY TAXES(5) % of TOTAL
68,105 (32.8)
82,916 (32.9)
83,555 (30.0)
91,344 (29.5)
113,183 (30.7)
141,331 (31.9)
162,834 (32.7)
207,710
251,787
278,087
309,386
368,927
443,498
498,476
18.5
21.2
10.4
11.3
19.2
20.2
12.4
TOTAL % Increase
SOURCE: Compiled by Edmonton Corporate Policy Planning Office (1)Does not include interest rebate grant to utilities and municipal incentive planning grant, but includes grants to Edmonton Transit System. (2)Includes contribution of profit and revenue tax only. (3)Includes the Convention Centre levy deduct allowance for uncollectible taxes. (4)Excludes public housing rentals, but includes E.T.S. property tax. (5)Excludes school taxes and pay-as-you-go * Actual receipts for the year.
TABLE I - 1.2 PROPERTY ASSESSMENT, 1977 - 1983 ($ Thousands) 1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
Land % of Total
991,549 51.1
1,030,016 50.0
4,615,497 52.4
4,717,723 50.7
4,908,134 49.8
5,284,084 48.5
5,462,980 49.3
Improvements % of Total
947,514 48.9
1,028,866 50.0
4,200,724 47.6
4,593,276 49.3
4,946,960 50.2
5,605,504 51.5
6,462,382 50.7
1,939,062
2,058,882
8,816,221
9,310,999
9,855,094
10,889,588
11,088,987
Single-Family % of Total
896,448 46.2
957,155 46.5
4,229,972 48.0
4,554,812 48.9
4,787,532 48.6
5,137,724 47.2
5,375,710i 48.5'
Other Residential % of Total
392,350 20.2
408,938 19.9
1,592,151 18.1
1,620,685 17.4
1,635,328 16.6
1,698,034 15.6
1,688,402 15.2
Non-Residential % of Total
650,265 33.6
692,789 33.6
2,994,098 33.9
3,135,501 33.7
3,432,134 34.8
4,053,830 37.2
4,024,874 36.3
1,939,062
2,058,882
8,816,221
9,310,999
9,855,094
10,889,588
11,088,987
613,221 24.0
654,046 24.1
2,967,528 25.2
2,937,060 24.0
2,844,659 22.4
3,271,211 23.1
3,366,088 23.3,
2,552,283
2,712,928
11,783,749
12,248,059
12,699,753
14,160,799
14,455,075
TAXABLE PROPERTIES
TOTAL
TOTAL EXEMPTED PROPERTIES % of Grand Total GRAND TOTAL
11=111Z=III1=MCCE
SOURCE: Edmonton Assessment Department * A general assessment took place in .1979. On the average, property assessment values in 1979 are approximately four times those in 1978.
TABLE I - 1.3 AVERAGE PROPERTY ASSESSMENT AND PROPERTY TAX LEVY PER DWELLING UNIT 1977 - 1983 ($) 1977
1978
1979*
1980
1981
1982
1983
Average Assessment Single-Family
9,714
9,713 39,901
40,089
40,187
39,596
39,060
Other Residential
5,031
5,164
19,637
20,731
21,852
21,520
22,134
Municipal Taxes School Taxes
266 241
303 264
320 274
329 297
361 351
409 406
436 427
Total
507
567
594
626
712
815
863
Municipal Taxes School Taxes
192 125
224 141
220 135
237 154
276 191
313 221
348 242
Total
317
365
355
391
467
534
590
Average Taxes Single-Family
Other Residential
SOURCE: Edmonton Corporate Policy Planning Office. * A general assessment took place in 1979. On the average, property assessment values in 1979 are approximately four times those in 1978.
TABLE I - 1.4
'
PROPERTY TAX MILL RATES, 1977 - 1983 1977
1978
1979*
1980
1981
1982
1983
27.44 24.78 -
31.19 27.21 -
8.02 6.87 -
8.20 7.42 -
8.98 8.73 -
10.33 10.26 -
11.16 10.93 -
52.22
58.40
14.89
15.62
17.71
20.59
22.09
38.25 24.78 -
43.48 27.21 -
11.18 6.87 -
11.44 7.42 -
12.65 8.73 -
14.55 10.26 -
15.71 10.93 -
63.03
70.69
18.05
18.86
21.38
24.81
26.64
42.31 24.78 24.84
48.09 27.21 25.35
12.37 6.87 7.52
12.66 7.42 7.74
15.65 8.73 7.31
18.00 10.26 8.11
19.44
91.93
100.65
26.76
27.82
31.69
36.37
38.80
34.61
39.32
10.07
10.26
11.91
13.84
14.86
Single Family Municipal Levy Supplementary School Levy School Foundation Levy** TOTAL Other Residential Municipal Levy Supplementary School Levy School Foundation Levy TOTAL Non-Residential Municipal Levy Supplementary School Levy School Foundation Levy TOTAL Composite Municipal Mill Rate
SOURCE: Edmonton Assessment Department A general assessment took place in 1979. **
The school Foundation Levy was removed from all residential properties in 1974. Prior to 1974 a uniform mill rate was applied to all types of properties for both municipal and school purposes, but the single family dwellings enjoyed preferential assessment treatment. In 1974, the Provincial Government removed the preferential assessment treatment from the single family dwellings and allowed municipalities to adopt a split mill rate policy. In order to restore the preferential treatment, Edmonton utilized a two-tier mill rate policy in the same year, applying a lower mill rate to the single family dwellings than to other properties for municipal purposes. However, a single rate was still applied to all properties for school purposes. The two-tier split became a three-tier split in 1975 and after. In the meantime, the gap of the split was widened every year.
104; 8.43
-61-
TABLE I - 1.8 PER CAPITA OPERATING GRANTS BY TYPE AND SOURCE 1977 - 1982 ($) Type
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
Unconditional
21
22
23
24
25
27
Conditional
40 —
45 _
50
59 _
64 _
68
61
67
73
83
89
95
==
==
==
W=
==
==
2
1
2
2
1
59 —
65 _
72
81 _
87
94
61
67
73
83
89
95
W=
==
==
==
==
9.8
9.0
7.2
6.7
TOTAL Source Federal Government Provincial Government TOTAL % Increase
2
17.3
SOURCE: Computed from Table I - 1.7
13.7
TABLE I - 1.9 UTILITY CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL REVENUE, 1977 - 1983 ($ Thousands) (1) 1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
3,678 6,715 10,393 44.9
3,860 8,470 12,330 45.1
4,322 9,198 13,520 45.3
4,628 10,637 15,265 44.7
4,742 14,697 19,439 47.5
5,300 15,309 20,609 45.5
4,963 18,100 23,063 46.0
2,061 5,399 7,460 32.3
2,405 6,187 8,592 31.5
2,969 7,175 10,144 34.0
3,530 8,138 11,668 34.2
4,003 9,153 13,156 32.1
3,620 11,338 14,958 33.0
3,579 13,159 16,738 33.3
1,827 1,666 3,493 15.1
1,876 1,775 3,651 13.4
2,000 1,897 3,897 13.1
2,165 2,201 4,366 12.8
2,521 2,416 4,937 12.1
2,823 2,993 5,816 12.8
2,747 3,466 6,213 12.4
704 382 1,086 4.7
790 422 1,212 4.4
850 460 1,310 4.4
955 577 1,532 4.5
1,141 600 1,741 4.2
1,283 588 1,871 4.1
1,380 541 1,921 3.8
0 695 695 3.0
0 800 800 2.9
0 949 949 3.2
0 1,288 1,288 3.8
253 1,422 1,675 4.1
278 1,752 2,030 4.5
337 1,913 2,250 4.5
8,270 14,857 23,127
8,931 18,383 27,314
10,141 19,679 29,820
11,278 22,841 34,119
12,660 28,288 40,948
13,304 31,980 45,284
13,006 37,179 50,185
EDMONTON POWER: Return on Invesment Taxes (2) Sub-Total % of Total EDMONTON TELEPHONES: Return on Investment Taxes Sub-Total % of Total EDMONTON WATER: Return on Investment Taxes Sub-Total % of Total JMONTON MUNICIPAL AIRPORT: Return on Investment Taxes Sub-Total % of Total EDMONTON SANITARY SEWERS: Return on Investment Taxes Sub-Total % of Total ALL UTILITIES: Return on Investment Taxes Total Contribution
SOURCE: Edmonton Finance Department - Financial Statements and Reports (1) A utility fiscal policy was implemented, effective January 1, 1977, requiring in each utility (a) 15% on City's equity investment; (b) 9% of the return going to general fund. (2) Includes gas franchise tax.
TABLE I - 2.1 SOURCES OF CAPITAL FUNDS* 1977 - 1983
Debentures & Mortgages ($ Thousands) % of Total
Senior Government Grants ($ Thousands) % of Total Prepayment and Developer Contributions ($ Thousands) % of Total
Reserves and Others ($ Thousands) % of Total
TOTAL ($ Thousands) % Growth
1977
1978
1979
1981
1982
1983
160,000
178,000
112,000
156,366
264,000
376,242
282,322
54
68
34
57
59
68
62
46,220
39,285
99,220
52,129
80,513
74,182
75,979
16
15
31
19
18
13
17
31,399
30,973
49,443
17,682
28,139
46,425
9,817
11
12
15
6
6
8
2
56,759
14,265
64,869
47,064
77,833
53,941
83,637
19
5
20
17
17
10
19
262,523 325,532 273,241
450,485
294,178 33
-10.8
24.0
1980
-16.1
550,790 451,755
64.9
SOURCE: Compiled from Edmonton Finance Department, Annual Report Figures shown in this Table are actual receipts during the year. They may not be consistent with the actual capital spending for the year as some of the funds budgeted for a particular year may be already spent during the year but the money may not be received until the following year'(e.g. capital grant), or vice versa.
22.3
-18.0
TABLE I - 2.2 DEBT BORROWINGS, 1977 - 1983
Tax-supported ($ Thousands) % of Total Self-liquidating* ($ Thousands) % of Total TOTAL ($ Thousands) % Increase
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
35,857
24,402
0
18,140
47,100
51,570
63,614
22.4
13.7
0.0
11.6
17.8
13.7
22.5
124,143
153,598
112,000
138,226
216,900
324,672
218,708
77.6
86.3
100.0
88.4
82.2
86.3
77.5
160,000
178,000
112,000
156,366
264,000
376,242
282,322
13.1
11.3
-37.1
39.6
68.8
42.5
-25.0
- SOURCE: Compiled from Edmonton Finance Department, Financial Statements & Reports * Includes Edmonton Transit System.
TABLE I - 2.3 COMPARISON OF OUTSTANDING DEBT WITH TAXABLE PROPERTY ASSESSMENT, 1977 - 1983 1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
Tax-supported % of Total
198,052 24.7
204,824 22.0
74,643 8.9
86,396 9.1
127,054 10.9
171,950 11.4
226,572 13.2
Self-liquidating % of Total
603,557 75.3
727,346 78.0
762,463 91.1
860,651 90.9
1,043,329 89.1
1,337,747 88.6
1,492,738 86.8
19.1,...6_92
22.1â&#x20AC;&#x17E;121 111/L1215_
947,047
1,170,383
1,509.697
1,719,310
1983
Total Outstanding Debt ($ Thousands)
TOTAL % Increase
19.2
16.3
-10.2
13.1
23.6
29.0
13.9
420
Per Capita Outstanding Debt Tax-supported Self-liquidating
1 2...._ _.. 280
428 1 __L521
152 1 552 -L-
171 1 701 -2-
244 2 ,002
312 2,426
405 2,665
TOTAL
1 p 700
12949 _-
1 704
1 872 -2
2,246 --
2,738 738 --
3,070 --
16.8
14.6
-12.6
9.9
20.0
21.9
12.1
Tax-supported Self-liquidating
10.2 31.1
9.9 35.3
0.8 8.6
0.9 9.2
1.3 10.6
1.6 12.3
2.0 13.5
TOTAL
41.3
45.2
9.4
10.1
11.9
13.9
15.5
% Increase Debt as Percent of Taxable Property Assessment* (%)
SOURCE(s): Compiled from Edmonton Finance Department, Financial Statements & Reports and, Edmonton Assessment Department, Assessment Report * A general assessment took place in 1979.
TABLE I - 2.4 PER CAPITA OUTSTANDING DEBT AND PER CAPITA DEBT SERVICE CHARGE BY CITY, 1983
Edmonton
Calgary
Winnipeg
Hamilton
Ottawa
London
560
621
598
310
304
268
404
1,541
386
126
259
193
Self-liquidating
2,666
649
209
3
43
22
TOTAL
3,070
2,190
595
129
302
215
62
242
89
26
54
42
440
85
41
1
7
7
-258
/30 -1--3-2-
27
44
Population (Thousands) Per Capita Outstanding Debt ($) Tax-supported
Per Capita Debt Service Charge ($) Tax-supported Self-liquidating
TOTAL =NC
SOURCE: Edmonton Finance Department, Annual Report
11:1===C
L/
TABLE I - 2.4 PER CAPITA OUTSTANDING DEBT AND PER CAPITA DEBT SERVICE CHARGE BY CITY, 1982
Edmonton Population (Thousands)
551
Calgary 623
Winnipeg_ 595
2t
Hamilton 308
Ottawa
3t0
303 -204.
137
238
/2
2
London 266 26.
Per Capita Outstanding Debt ($) Tax-supported
312 ,Lic4.
1,306
425
i'5'
Self-liquidating
2,426
679
226
3
TOTAL
2,738 3_77_7
1,985
651
140
40
180
90
276
78
42
Sc'2 316
258
i
35
----- _ —
188 /::-
27
273
215
26
42
41
1
5
7
132
27
47
48
i=1:11=t
MC=
9°
Per Capita Debt Service Charge ($) Tax-supported Self-liquidating
TOTAL
====C
SOURCE: Edmonton Finance Department, Annual Report
-67-
TABLE I - 2.5 THE CITY OF EDMONTON FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF PROGRAMS
Function
Programs
Department - Executive Services
All (excluding Disaster Services and World University Games)
- Law - Personnel - Public Relations - Management Studies, Systems E. Budget - Assessment - Auditor General - Finance - Central Supply and Services - Computer Systems Development & Services - General Account
All All All
Protective Services
Police - Fire - Bylaw Enforcement - Executive Services - General Account
All All All (excluding parking operations Disaster Services Emergency Medical Services Street Lighting
Transportation Services
- Engineering - Transportation Systems Design - Transit - Bylaw Enforcement - Parks and Recreation
All (excluding Airport)
General Government Services
Environmental Health Services - Water and Sanitation Public Health E. Social Services
- Social Services - Real Estate and Housing - Parks and Recreation - General Account
All All All All All All . Management Information System Convention Centre Levy Other Miscellaneous Activities Grants Awards
All All Parking Operations Boulevard Maintenance, Street Tree Programs Storm Drainage and Solid Waste Programs All Social Housing Programs Cemeteries Grants Awards
-68-
Environmental Development Services
— Planning — Business Development — Real Estate and Housing — General Account
All All All (excluding Social Housing Programs) Alberta Planning Fund Research & Recreation Park
Recreation and Cultural Services — Parks and Recreation
— Executive Services — Library — General Account
All (excluding cemeteries, boulevard maintenance and street tree programs) World University Games All Grants Awards 75 Anniversary Projexts
Fiscal Services
— Finance
Municipal Debt Charges Tax Discounts and Adjustments Net Short Term Interest Costs General Financial Expense
Utility Services
— — — — —
All All Water and Sanitary Sewer Programs All Airport
Power Telephones Water and Sanitation EUS Engineering
TABLE I - 2.6 CAPITAL GRANTS BY FUNCTION**, 1978 - 1983
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
233 0 38,963 5,306
0 8 38,932 1,000
0 80 48,318 0
0 0 56,837 0
2,567 211 46,592 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,797
1,110
1,236
1,010
313
20,377
6,302 0
3,868 0
964 0
15,019 0
9,112 0 '
36,032
49,480
42,140
64,427
66,262
75,979
64,427
66,262
75,979
1978 Total Grants ($ Thousands) General Government Services Protective Services Transportation Services Environmental Health Services Public Health and Social Services Environmental Development Services Recreation and Cultural Services* Utility Services SUB TOTAL
0 0 24,285 3,648
Municipal Debt Reduction Grant*** TOTAL GRANTS
6,232 0
54,913 36,032 ======
104,393
42,140
======
=======
-11.5
189.7
-59.6
52.9
2.8
14.7
0 0 51 8 0
0 0 79 11 0
0 0 77 2 0
0 0 91 0 0
0 0 103 0 0
5 0 83 0 0
4 13 0
2 8 0
2 2 0
2 28 0
1 17 0
36 11 0
76
100
83
121
121
135
112
-
212
83
121 ==
121 ===
135 ===
/7E ci -11.6
1m-9-
60.-8
45- 8r
% Increase Per Capita Grants, ($) General Government Services Protective Services Transportation Services Environmental Health Services Public Health and Social Services Environmental Development Services Recreation and Cultural Services Utility Services SUB-TOTAL Municipal Debt Reduction Grant*** TOTAL PER CAPITA GRANTS
76 ---ii.
% Increase
41.-2
SOURCE: Compiled from Edmonton Finance Department, Annual Report Includes grants for Commonwealth Games and Capital City Park. Figures shown in this Table are grants budgeted for capital expenditure in each year. They may not necessarily coincide with figures shown in Table 1-2.1 The amount shown is the portion of Municipal Debt Reduction Grant which was applied to 1979 capital expenditures. The remaining $184 million was applied to retire eligible outstanding municipal debt.
-0--
TABLE I - 3.1 OPERATING EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION, 1977 - 1983 ($ Thousands) Function
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
General Government Services % of Total
13,427 6.6
12,606 4.9
12,681 4.8
11,686 3.9
19,684 5.4
21,588 4.9
25,516 5.1
Protective Services % of Total
52,244 25.7
63,163 24.7
69,916 26.3
83,762 27.1
95,624 26.3
119,825 27.1
129,893 25.9
Transportation Services 48,203 % of Total 23.7
68,633 26.9
75,567 28.4
94,267 30.5
105,658 29.1
130,547 29.5
135,996 27.1
9,091 4.5
7,597 3.0
8,403 3.2
10,302 3.3
12,680 3.5
14,686 3.3
14,289 2.8
10,700 5.3
13,636 5.3
16,271 6.1
13,795 4.5
11,780 3.2
12,631 2.9
14,035 2.8
:nvironmental Development Services 6,873 % of Total 3.4
8,961 3.5
9,872 3.7
12,033 3.9
15,693 4.3
18,327 4.1
20,167 4.0
Recreation and Cultural Services 25,278 % of Total 12.4
30,986 12.1
34,331 12.9
41,646 13.5
50,007 13.8
60,148 13.6
71,230 14.2
Fiscal Services* % of Total
37,534 18.5
49,780 19.5
38,609 14.5
41,466 13.4
52,460 14.4
64,877 14.7
90,316 18.0
TOTAL MUNICIPAL EXPENDITURE
203,350
255.362
265,650
308,597
363,586
442,629
501,442
18.8
25.6
4.0
16.3
17.8
21.7
13.3
164,406
194,164
221,201
258,738
331,090
423,395
474,106
27.4
18.1
13.9
17.0
28.0
27.9
12.0
Environmental Health Services % of Total Public Health and Social Services % of Total
% Increase Utility Services % Increase
SOURCE: Compiled from Edmonton Finance Department, Financial Statements & Reports NOTE: Edmonton Transit is included in the Transportation Services function rather than in the Utility Services. Refer to Table I - 3.3 for debt service charges effects on operating expenditures in functional areas.
TABLE I - 3.2 MUNICIPAL DEBT CHARGES BY FUNCTION, 1977 - 1983 ($ Thousand)
General Government Services Mobile Equipment Services Financial Expenses (1)
1977
1978
1979
693 2,755 3,448
1,614 4,024 5,638
1,089 6,758 7,847
251 621 6 878
350 727 6 1,083
203 446 6 655
8,019 3,392 160
8,713 4,428 159
5,564 963 159
4,425 559 159
5,133 656 17,360
7,781 638 21,719
8,589 237 15,512
12,085 124 17,352
6,599
8,843
4,149
3,872
3,616
4,719
6,956
2,528 9,127
3,832 12,675
4,231 8,380
5,952 9,824
6,469 10,085
7,724 12,443
8,560 15,516
26 1,731 1,757
37 1,904 1,941
27 2,169 2,196
16 2,169 2,185
17 2,169 2,186
16 2,170 2,186
0 877 877
57 21 78
223 21 244
62 21 83
21 21
21 21
21 21
0 21 21
4,482 404 4,886
6,088 392 6,480
3,586 350 3,936
2,353 337 2,690
3,339 375 3,714
5,094 371 5,465
6,702 657 7,359
37,534
49,780
38,609
64,877
90,316
Protective Services Police Fire , Street Lighting - City Share
Transportation Services Engineering Transit Parking Garage Local Improvement Property Share (1) Traffic Lights
'nvironmental Health Services Storm Sewer & Solid Wastes Local Improvement Property Share (1) Public Health & Social Services Social Services Subsidy Housing
_
Environmental Development Service Planning - N.I.P. City Market Recreation & Cultural Services Parks & Recreation Library TOTAL
1980 43 8,986 9,029 106 253 6 365
41,466
1981
1982
1983
2,045 11,541 13,586
2,748 8,478 11,226
6,674 10,737 17,411
1,527 870 6 2,403
1,869 2,581 6 4,456
8,374 5,962 159
13,719 11,909 158
13,135 15,681 124 957 22,361 31,133
17,379 1,511 44,676
101 400 6 507 5,678 3,264 160
52,460
SOURCE: Edmonton Finance Department, Financial Statements and Reports and Annual Report NOTE: (1) 3 year local improvement debt charges excluded from the financial expenses, but included in the local improvement property share.
TABLE
I-
3.3
OPERATING EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION, 1977 - 1983 (With Allocation of Debt Charges to Each Function) ($ Thousands) Function
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
General Government Services % of Total
16,875 8.3
18,244 7.1
20,528 7.7
20,715 6.7
33,270 9.1
32,814 7.4
42,927 8.6
Protective Services % of Total
53,122 26.1
64,246 25.2
70,571 26.6
84,127 27.2
96,131 26.4
122,228 27.6
134,349 26.8
Transportation Services % of Total
65,563 32.2
90,352 35.4
91,079 34.3
111,619 36.1
128,019 35.2
161,680 36.5
180,672 36.0
Environmental Health Services % of Total
18,218 9.0
20,272 7.9
16,783 6.3
20,126 6.5
22,765 6.3
27,129 6.1
29,805 5.9
Public Health & Social Services % of Total
12,457 6.1
15,577 6.1
18,467 7.0
15,980 5.2
13,966 3.8
14,817 3.3
14,912 3.0
6,951 3.4
9,205 3.6
9,955 3.7
12,054 3.9
15,714 4.3
18,348 4.1
20,188 4.0
30,164 14.8
37,466 14.7
38,267 14.4
44,336 14.4
53,721 14.8
65,613 14.8
78,589 15.7
TOTAL MUNICIPAL EXPENDITURE
203,350
255,362
265,650
308,957
363,586
442,629
501,442
Utility Services
164,406
194,164
221,201
258,738
331,090
423,395
474,106
Environmental Development Services % of Total Recreation & Cultural Services % of Total
SOURCE: Compiled from Edmonton Finance Department, Financial Statements & Reports NOTES: Edmonton Transit is included in the Transportation Service function rather than in the Utility Services.
TABLE I - 3.4 PER CAPITA OPERATING EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION 1977 - 1983 ($) Function
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
28
26
26
23
37
39
45
Protective Services
110
132
142
166
180
217
232
Transportation Services
102
144
154
186
198
237
243
Environmental Health Services
19
16
17
20
24
27
26
Public Health and Social Services
23
31
33
27
22
23
25
Environmental Development Services
15
19
20
24
29
33
36
Recreation and Cultural Services
54
65
70
82
94
109
127
Fiscal Services
80
104
79
82
99
118
161
431
537
541
610
683
803
895
16.2
24.6
0.7
12.8
12.0
17.6
11.5
349
406
450
512
622
768
846
24.6
16.3
10.8
13.8
21.5
23.5
10.2
General Government Services
TOTAL MUNICIPAL EXPENDITURE % Increase Utility Services % Increase
SOURCE: Computed from Table I - 3.1
TABLE I - 3.5 PER CAPITA OPERATING EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION, 1977 - 1983 (With Allocation of Debt Charges to Each Function) ($) 1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
36
38
42
41
62
60
77
Protective Services
113
134
144
166
181
222
240
Transportation Services
138
189
185
221
240
293
322
Environmental Health Services
39
42
34
40
43
49
53
Public Health and Social Services
26
35
38
32
26
27
27
Environmental Development Services
15
19
20
24
30
33
36
Recreation and Cultural Services
64
78
78
88
101
119
140
431
537
541
610
683
803
895
=
311=1:t=C
349
406
450
512
622
768
846
Function General Government Services
TOTAL MUNICIPAL EXPENDITURE -
Utility Services
SOURCE: Computed from Table I - 3.3
TABLE I - 4.2 PER CAPITA CAPITAL EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION 1977 - 1983 ($) Function
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
12
16
17
25
30
30
10
2
3
4
6
14
18
7
142
118
132
169
251
273
155
53
39
46
53
56
51
36
Public Health and Social Services
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Environmental Development Services
50
35
129
94
195
180
89
Recreation and Cultural Services
66
30
21
28
58
59
26
325
242
349
375
604
611
323
241
253
243
236
306
398
478
566
495
592
611
910
1,009
801
36
41
37
7
4
16
3
530
454
555
604
906
993
798
General Government Services Protective Services Transportation Services Environmental Health Services
TOTAL MUNICIPAL SERVICES Utility Services TOTAL
Less: Private Developer Financed
SOURCE: Computed from Table I - 4.1
TABLE III - 2.1 MANPOWER STRENGTH OF THE CITY OF EDMONTON BY GROUP ' , 1977 - 1983
(2) Municipal Number - Permanent - Temporary Total Man Years(3) % Increase Utilities Number - Permanent - Temporary Total Man Years(3) % Increase
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
6,464 1,743
7,193 1,650
7,420 1,600 "
7,688 1,836
8,285 1,796
8,551 1,611
8,258 2..218. 8_
8,207
8,843
9,020
9,524
10,081
10,162
9,446
7,607
8,246
9,101
9,324
9,202
9,028
8,909
8.6
8.4
10.4
2.4
-1.3
-1.9
-1.3
3,048 408
3,166 456
3,319 425
3,321 395
3,549 394
4,024 329
3,847 121
3,456
3,622
3,744
3,716
3,943
4,353
3,968
3,456
3,622
4,166
4,078
3,825
4,240
3,968
6.6
4.8
15.0
-2.1
-6.2
10.8
-6.4
9,512 2,151
10,363 2,102
10,739 2,025
11,009 2,231
11,834 2,190
12,580 1,940
12,105 1,309
11,663
12,465
12,764
13.240
14,024
14,520
13,414
7.2
6.9
2.4
3.7
5.9
3.5
-7.6
11,063 8.0
11,868 7.3
13,267 11.8
13,402 1.0
13,027 -2.8
13,268 1.9
12,877 -2.9
(4) 70TAL Number - Permanent - Temporary Total % Increase Man Years(3) % Increase
SOURCE: Compiled from data provided by Edmonton Personnel Department. NOTES:
(1) Figures shown are bi-weekly averages of the numbers of positions filled. (2) Including Edmonton Transit, Storm Sewers and Solid Waste. (3) a) For the years 1977 and 1978 and for all departments except Edmonton Parks and Recreation one man year is defined as a person working 260 days a year and 8 hours a day. b)For Edmonton Parks and Recreation, because of the peak seasonability of employment and because of the limited hours worked per day by some temporary employees 3 temporary positions filled in Parks and Recreation Department are counted as one man year. c)For 1979-1982, man-years are calculated through a new computer program based on actual paid mandays and manhours including overtime. (4) The total number is the bi-weekly average of the year and excludes the Local Board of Health. This number therefore does not correspond exactly with those in Tables III - 1.1 and III - 1.2.
-83-
TABLE III - 2.4 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CITY OF EDMONTON MAN YEARS BY FUNCTION 1977 - 1982 Function
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
General Government Services
10.6
11.0
10.8
11.7
12.0 12.4
Protective Services
17.3
17.2
16.8
18.0
19.0 19.9
Transportation Services
19.0
19.4
18.4
20.3
19.1 18.2
Environmental Health Services
6.8
5.4
6.9
6.8
6.2
3.1
Public Health and Social Services
1.8
3.9
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
Environmental Development Services
2.7
2.4
2.6
2.2
2.5
2.8
Recreation and Cultural Services
10.6
10.2
11.3
9.0
10.3 10.2
Utility Services
31.2
30.5
31.4
30.4
29.4 32.0
TOTAL
1982
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 =====
SOURCE: Computed from Table III - 2.3
i====
===i=
WM=
i====
=====
TABLE III - 2.5 THE CITY OF EDMONTON MAN YEARS PER 1,000 POPULATION, 1977 - 1983
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
Permanent
20.2
21.7
23.6
23.8
21.7
21.9
21.6
Temporary
3.2
3.1
3.4
2.7
2.7
2.2
1.4
23.4
24.8
27.0
26.5
24.4
24.1
23.0
Municipal
16.1
17.2
18.5
18.4
17.2
16.4
15.9
Utilities
7.3
7.6
8.5
8.1
7.2
7.7
7.1
23.4
24.8
27.0
26.5
24.4
24.1
23.0
5.4
6.0
8.9
-1.8
-7.9
-1.2
-4.6
TOTAL
TOTAL
Z Increase
SOURCE: Computed from Table III - 2.1
TABLE III - 2.6 - THE CITY OF EDMONTON MAN-YEARS PER 1,000 POPULATION BY FUNCTION, 1977 - 1983
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
General Government Services
2.5
2.7
2.9
3.1
2.9
3.0
2.9
Protective Services
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.8
4.6
4.8
4.5
Transportation Services
4.5
4.8
4.9
5.4
4.7
4.4
4.7
Environmental Health Services
1.6
1.3
1.9
1.8
1.5
0.7
0.5
Public Health and Social Services
0.4
1.0
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.2
Environmental Development Services
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
Recreation and Cultural Services
2.5
2.5
3.1
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.4
Utility Services
7.3
7.6
8.5
8.1
7.2
7.7
7.1
TOTAL
23.4
24.8
27.0
26.5
24.4
24.1
23.0
FUNCTION
SOURCE:
Computed from Table III - 2.3
1982 1983
-87-
TABLE III - 3.2 AVERAGE LABOR COST. PER MAN YEAR OF THE CITY OF EDMONTON 1977 - 1982 ($).
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
-1982-
Wages and Salaries Municipal Utilities Average Salaries % Increase
16,914 17,365 17,055 7.8
17,907 18,140 17,978 5.4
18,473 18,211 18,391 2.3
20,990 20,587 20,867 13.5
24,616 25,415 24,850 19.1
30,404 26,785 29,247 17.7
Employee Benefits Municipal Utilities Average Benefits %,Increase
1,750 1,901 1,797 16.5
1,810 1,844 1,821 1.3
1,973 1,861 1,938 6.4
2,299 2,186 2,265 16.8
2,908 2,871 2,897 27.9
3,654 3,237 3,521 21.5
18,664 19,266 18,852 8.6
19,717 19,984 19,799 5.0
20,446 20,072 20,329 2.7
23,289 22,773 23,132 13.8
27,524 28,286 27,748 20.0
34,058 30,022 32,768 18,4
SZ=T26116111C
21====1CMIC
Total Labor' Cost Municipal Utilities Average Cost Increase
SOURCE: Computed from Tables III - 2.1 and III - 3.1