Edmonton (Alta.) - 2001-2004 - Report on environmental performance, 2003 (2003-07) by Edmonton Tower Resource Centre Online Library

UPDATE REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE

Office of the Environment July 2003

2.1 CLIMATE CHANGE CLASSIFICATION Enhance Existing Environmental Performance STRATEGIC DIRECTION Reduce Community Wide Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ntroduction

Concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH3) and nitrous oxides (NO) are increasing due to manmade emissions and are considered a major influence on climate change. Major human sources of GHG emissions are the use of fossil fuels (oil, coal and natural gas) for power generation, heating, transportation and similar uses. Many actions to reduce emissions relate to improving the efficiency of fuel use. As a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol (1997), Canada committed, by 2008 to 2012, to reduce GHG emissions to 6% below 1990 levels. The federal government is developing an implementation strategy as part of the process to determine the impact of attaining Canada's Kyoto target. In 1995, Edmonton committed to the Voluntary Challenge and Registry (VCR) and is a founding member of the Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM) Partners for Climate Protection (PCP) Program. The program requires commitments by member municipalities to reduce GHG emissions and provides support in addressing the issue. In 1999, City Council accepted a GHG Emissions Strategy for city operations and in 2000, endorsed a resolution urging federal, provincial and territorial governments to make climate protection a priority.

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Since then, stakeholders have developed a community-wide, co-ordinated approach to reducing emissions within Edmonton's boundaries. Edmonton's Community-Wide Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction and Energy Planâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; Strategy Document was endorsed by City Council late in 2001. Council endorsed a business plan for the initiative in late 2002. The plan will form the basis for community-based solutions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, generating opportunities to improve quality of life while providing economic opportunities.

trategic Framework

Objective: To reduce Edmonton's contribution to climate change and support government commitments.

Key Strategies: 2.1.1 Encourage reduction of overall energy use from current sources within the community 2.1.2 Develop strategies to deal with greenhouse gas emissions in planning future community growth. 2.1.3 Increase community-wide awareness of the importance and means to reduce GHG emissions. 2.1.4 Develop and maintain a communitywide greenhouse gas emissions inventory.

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trategic Initiatives The City's Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Plan for City Operations (1999) contains actions to reduce GHG emissions from City operations by 16% from 1990 levels by 2010. Emission reductions are planned for buildings and facilities, fleets, street lighting, and other processes (e.g. wastewater treatment). Actions focus on improving the efficiency of energy use in City operations. The plan also contains new technologies and processes, which may further reduce emissions. An update to the plan was provided to City Council in early 2003: annual updates are planned for the foreseeable future. The City facilitated development of Edmonton's Community-Wide Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction and Energy Plan. The plan proposes actions to reduce GHG emissions in Edmonton up to Canada's Kyoto target and positions Edmonton for further long-term reductions. City Council, business, industry and other community stakeholders have endorsed the overall strategy and a long-term business plan.

tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emitted from City operations. The measure takes the emissions of greenhouse gases from City operations, and expresses the amounts in terms of the carbon dioxide equivalence of their "greenhouse" effect. Emissions levels for City operations in 1990 were 343,000 tonnes CO,e. Due mainly to increased demand in municipal services, emissions for 1997 and 2001 grew to 363,000 and 385,000 tonnes CO2e respectively.

Emerging Issues and Key Challenges Climate change impacts may include extreme weather events, altered precipitation patterns, increased temperatures, and ecosystem changes affecting environmental, social and economic systems. Delaying action may postpone the implementation of climate change solutions that could improve the community's efficient use of natural resources and provide economic growth opportunities related to implementing emerging technologies and expertise.

uture Initiatives

FImplementation of the first of the business plan for Edmonton's CommunityWide Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction and Energy Plan is underway, funded by the City of Edmonton and a Federation of Canadian Municipalities Green Fund grant. The City is also pursuing funding from the other orders of government and key community stakeholders. The City of Edmonton funding was on a one-time basis and continued funding of $100,000 annually is required to continue implementation of the initiative.

Edmonton's emissions rose from the baseline year of 1990 to 2000 and are projected to increase under a 'business-asusual' scenario. For Edmonton to address the climate change issue in a significant way and to reduce community-wide greenhouse gas emissions, all key sectors of the community need to be involved. The federal and Alberta governments will need to fmancially support Edmonton in this initiative.

erformance Measures

p The City measures its performance on climate change based on changes in the

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2.2 NATURAL HERITAGE CLASSIFICATION Enhance Existing Environmental Performance STRATEGIC DIRECTION Protect Natural Heritage

ntroduction Senior Management Team approved a Governance Model for the Office of the Conservation Coordinator in late 2002. The model outlines administrative reporting responsibilities and prescribes a means to develop a corporate perspective on conservation of natural areas in the City's tablelands through the formation of a Natural Areas Policy Implementation Committee (NAPIC). The NAPIC, with representation from Asset Management and Public Works, Community Services, and Planning and Development, is to provide one interdepartmental decision making body to implement Policy C-467.

The protection of natural heritage within the City of Edmonton is a Plan Edmonton priority. Protection of natural heritage is organised into two main policy and regulatory instruments: • Policy C-467, Conservation of Natural Areas in Edmonton's Table Lands • North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System Area Redevelopment Plan. Protection of natural heritage requires an inter-departmental approach and the City of Edmonton is putting measures into place to change the culture of departments to develop a corporate perspective for natural heritage protection.

The governance model also includes provisions for the creation of a Natural Areas Advisory Committee (NAAC) with members from organization and the public-at-large to advise the administration on matters relevant to the implementation of Policy C-467.

trategic Framework Objective: To minimize the loss of natural heritage, specifically biodiversity and natural areas. Key Strategies: 2.2.1 Enhance the protection of natural areas. 2.2.2 Increase public awareness of the importance of preserving biodiversity and natural areas. 2.2.3 Implement existing conservation policies, bylaws and strategies.

Natural Area Management Plan Guidebook. The document will guide natural areas management plans and include guidelines to prepare these plans as required under Policy C-467. It will become the standard guidance document for the preparation of management plans and provide a methodology with example statements to be used by consultants and in-house production of management plans.

trategic Initiatives

Policy C-467 — Conservation of Natural Areas in Edmonton's Table Lands Governance Model for the Office of the Conservation Coordinator.

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Ecological Restoration. The City is working on two projects that involve ecological restoration in Environmentally Sensitive Areas and Significant Natural Areas. Ecological restoration is the recreation of natural

Report on Environmental Performance

ecosystems using ecological principles in areas where a heavy disturbance to natural areas has occurred. The projects are being integrated with the objectives of associated natural area management plans.

Land Development Process. Planning and Policy Services Branch manages the land development process and reviews the information requirements under Policy C-467 concerning Natural Site Assessments and Natural Area Management Plan. Drainage Services Branch, Asset Management and Public Works are also involved in the review of this information. The City of Edmonton is investigating ways to incorporate Environmentally Sensitive Areas involving wetlands into new developments. The challenge is to find engineering solutions to maintain the wetland hydroperiod in a developing watershed. The project's results should be transferable to other developments.

Partnerships and Community Outreach. The City continues to work with Sturgeon County, Parkland County, the City of St. Albert, and Albert Community Development to prepare a management plan for the Provincial Big Lake Natural Area. The management of some of the lands abutting Edmonton is important to the implementation of the management plan. The Conservation Coordinator will work with the Ellerslie School, Edmonton Public School Board, to defme the roles and responsibilities of this partnership in the development of the school's conservation program and natural area on its property. The City of Edmonton is consulting with the City of Calgary in the preparation of their Wetland Conservation Plan. The Conservation Coordinator is working with interested community members in the establishment of an independent land trust

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designed to acquire and manage natural areas. uture Initiatives

The Office of the City Auditors is fmalisimg an audit on the management of natural areas in the City. The results of the audit may affect existing natural heritage programs. The NAAC will provide recommendations on strategic initiatives identified by the Natural Areas Policy Implementation Committee. A professional facilitator may be required to help the committee focus their work at a cost of approximately $20,000. After the Natural Areas Management Plan Guidebook has been approved by the NAPIC, there may be new operations and management requirements that add to the requirements of individual departments. Approximately $30,000 in additional consulting work will be required to fmalise the guidebook. erformance Measures

p Planning and Policy Services, Planning and Development is re-engineering their current planning functions. A key initiative is the development of performance measures. The project is scheduled to run until early 2004. The Conservation Coordinator is developing an Atlas of Conserved Sites within Edmonton. The project will develop basic statistics to describe the state of natural areas in Edmonton and will form a core information base to develop performance measures.

Emerging Issues and Key Challenges The key challenge to making significant gains in the conservation of natural areas is the need for a significant funding base to acquire natural areas. The establishment of a land trust by an interested third party is considered as the best way to acquire natural areas of a significant area.

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2.3 SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORM CLASSIFICATION Enhance Existing Environmental Performance STRATEGIC DIRECTION Plan for an Urban Form that is Environmentally and Fiscally Sustainable in the Long Term

ntroduction

Population growth and increased economic activity in the Edmonton Capital Region result in the development and redevelopment of land and transportation systems. Choices made about land use and transportation systems affect the natural environment in fundamental ways, such as: the rate that rural land is developed for urban uses; expansion of infrastructure networks; and the amount of fuel burned for heating and moving people and goods. Making efficient and effective use of Edmonton's land resources and providing an efficient transportation system that facilitates alternative travel modes help lessen the impact of urban development on the natural environment. trategic Framework Objective: To provide a balanced approach to urban development and renewal while conserving resources for future generations. Key Strategies: 2.3.1 Complete a strategy for the intensification of land development with the objective of achieving more effective and efficient use of land. 2.3.2 Consider strategies for quantifying impacts and environmental costs of existing and proposed developments.

trategic Initiatives City departments consider infrastructure costs and capacities, urban design, compatibility of uses, transportation, access

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to parks, natural areas, pipelines, utility corridors, and conserving resources in making planning recommendations to Council. Planning and Development promotes contiguous development patterns and development staging to reduce the cost of building and maintaining infrastructure. Transportation and Streets actively intervenes to ensure that new subdivisions are developed in a manner that promotes good access to transit service and includes an effective pedestrian and cyclist circulation system, which provides good, direct access to local amenities. Transportation and Streets is retrofitting the existing transportation system to enhance the viability of non-motorized travel modes. To assist the City in implementing the Multi-use Trail Corridor Study and nonmotorized transportation, a public Trails, Paths and Routes Advisory Committee was recently formed. The Downtown Faรงade Improvement Program supports private sector investment in outside improvements to street level retail buildings. Funding is provided related to the tax performance of redevelopment projects to reinvest in street friendly exterior improvements. Fiscal sustainability is pursued through the Debt Management Fiscal Plan, through infrastructure maintenance, and by seeking additional funding for infrastructure.

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The goal of the City's Infrastructure Strategy is to ensure that the City's infrastructure is in a good repair and that rehabilitation and development programs are adequately funded on an ongoing basis and are as efficient and effective as possible. The Office of Infrastructure, created in 2000, implements the Infrastructure Strategy. The City is a partner in the "Strategies for Urban Sustainability Conference" to be held in Edmonton, September 9-10, 2003

uture Initiatives

FPublication of Edmonton's Intensification Audit concluded Phase One of the Urban Land Intensification Strategy project. A key fmding was that urban land use intensification is only one aspect of a larger interest in making smart choices about the future of Edmonton's natural and manmade physical environment. In Phase Two, "Smart Choices for Developing Our Community", the Smart Choices Participation Committee, developed smart choice fundamentals and principles for making Edmonton a good place to live. Nine ideas were selected for further interpretation, elaboration and presentation at a Smart Choices Showcase of Ideas in June 2003 and a Smart Choices Catalogue of Ideas through June to September 2003. Citizens and stakeholders will be invited to comment on the nine ideas. The comments will contribute to Council's deliberations as it debates the option of implementing the ideas. City Council will be asked if it wishes to fund the preparation of implementation strategies for the nine ideas in late fall, 2003. Funding from future partnership between the Federal and Provincial governments many be allocated to infrastructure that supports a sustainable urban form, for example LRT expansion and multi-use trail corridors, in accordance with the conditions imposed by the senior levels of government.

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The Transportation and Streets Department is undertaking a High Speed Transit Corridor Strategic Plan to develop strategies to extend high speed transit (bus and/or LRT) from the central area of the City to the north/northwest, southeast and west, to complement the proposed South and Northeast LRT systems.

erformance Measures

p "Sustainable Urban Form" is a broad topic for which consistent performance measures have not yet been developed. One useful measure is the ratio of single-family to multi-family housing mix in new suburban areas. Another relevant measure is annual transit ridership per capita. In 2002, the ratio of single-family to multifamily housing units in new suburban areas was 59:41. In 2002, the annual ridership per capita on Edmonton Transit was 66.27 rides per person.

Emerging Issues and Key Challenges Striking a balance between a natural inclination of the development industry to intensify land use and concerns of the community residents about changes that may affect them is an ongoing challenge. Ensuring that intensification enhances Edmonton's quality of life by providing choice, affordability, access and liveability while achieving municipal efficiencies will be a challenge. There could be significant costs associated with providing infrastructure that supports urban intensification (public transit and other non-motorised travel modes, and utilities including water and sewer). Land use activity and patterns within the Edmonton Capital Region will affect the intensification of land use within the City of Edmonton.

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2.4 AGRICULTURAL LANDS CLASSIFICATION Continue To Meet Current Standards

r,â&#x20AC;&#x17E; tkin

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Continue To Preserve Agricultural Lands in Balance With Other Land Uses

ntroduction

As the City of Edmonton grows and its built-up areas expand, land is converted from agricultural to urban use. High quality agricultural land is a valuable resource, but agricultural use does not yield land values as high as the values for urban uses. Locally grown food is a component of sustainability and there may be increasing awareness of its value. Compatibility of agriculture and development at the urban fringe is an issue. A study was completed in 1996 to examine the creation of an agricultural conservation area in Northeast Edmonton. The study resulted in confirmation of the City's 1990 policy to preserve agricultural land until needed for urban development.

trategic Framework

Objective: To avoid premature loss of agricultural lands.

Key Strategies: 2.4.1 Continue to manage urban growth to protect agricultural lands until needed for urban development.

trategic Initiatives The Subdivision Authority restricts piecemeal expansion of urban development onto agricultural lands. Planning and Development reviews rezoning and plan applications for conformity with

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Plan Edmonton's policies for contiguous development and the prevention of premature fragmentation of agricultural land.

uture Initiatives

Monitoring of agricultural lands and issues that may affect them is ongoing.

erformance Measures

The City measures its performance based on changes in agricultural land in Edmonton.

Between 2000 and 2002, there were two applications for major plans or plan amendments in the areas designated as "Agriculture Areas" in the City's Municipal Development Plan. Both applications were to redesignate lands to "Suburban Area" in Northeast Edmonton to allow small expansions to the existing residential areas. The application for the Evergreen Mobile Home Park was approved by City Council in 2002 (and included redesignation to recognise the existing developed area). Council refused the application for Quarry Ridge residential area in 2001.1 Only one rezoning application for nonagricultural use was approved by City Council in agricultural areas between 1997 1 'Planning

and Subdivision of Agricultural Land in Edmonton 1997 to 2000, Planning and Development, October 2001', with updated data to 2002.

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and 2002. This was for the existing Evergreen Mobile Home Park and expansion area on a total of one, quarter section of land. The total agricultural area in 2001 was 10200 hectares. 125.7 hectares of land were subdivided out of the large agricultural area between 1997 and 2001. Between 1997 and 2001, 114 subdivision lots were registered â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 80 of these in one 26 hectare subdivision.

merging Issues and Key Challenges

The current strategy, as stated in Plan Edmonton, is to preserve agricultural land until it is needed for urban development. Agricultural lands cannot be easily reclaimed and must be preserved as long as possible. Incremental land use decisions that allow urban land uses in predominantly agricultural areas take valuable agricultural uses out of production prematurely. Premature development of agricultural lands could lead to fragmented urban land use patterns, inefficient use of scarce infrastructure resources, and community conflict.

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2.5 WASTE MANAGEMENT REDUCE." REUSE %. RECYCLE

CLASSIFICATION Enhance existing environmental performance STRATEGIC DIRECTION Improve Waste Management Practices

ntroduction

Edmonton is a North American leader in sustainable urban waste management. The City is the largest Canadian urban centre to achieve the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) target of 50% diversion of waste from landfill by the year 2000. Major components of Edmonton's 1994 Waste Management Strategic Plan have been implemented. The Waste Management Branch continues to monitor developments in the industry.

trategic Framework

Objective: Reduce environmental impacts of waste generation and disposal. Key Strategies: 2.5.1 Continue to implement the long-term Waste Management Strategic Plan. 2.5.2 Increase community awareness of the need for continuing improvement of waste management practices. Continue 2.5.3 ongoing monitoring and reporting of waste management trends.

Compliance with program requirements is critical to the success of waste management programs; therefore, public education and information sharing are priorities. A sustainable financing model is pursued through a comprehensive program of cost evaluation, effective long-term planning and ongoing evaluation of new technologies and best business practices. The 30-year Waste Management Strategic Plan is a "living document" to be evaluated and updated to adopt best practices and meet the changing needs of the community Edmonton has leveraged its infrastructure and knowledge resources by partnering with businesses and institutions to establish the Edmonton Waste Management Centre of Excellence. The City will benefit from opportunities for operational efficiencies from applied research and development activities pursued at the Centre. In order to maximise diversion from landfill, the City and its partners who operate recycling and composting facilities, are evaluating new and innovative uses for those materials that currently are classified as "residual" after processing in the facilities.

trategic Initiatives

Key components of the Waste Management Centre are in place, including a Materials Recovery Facility (recycling plant) and a Compost Facility. Operational efficiencies continue to be evaluated.

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uture Initiatives

The City, through the Centre of Excellence, is pursuing grants from higher levels of government and the private sector. The grants would be used to develop new waste management technologies and optimise existing ones.

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Development of strong markets for recyclables and compost will continue.

of material were collected through these programs.

With the City-controlled, 2002 1998 1999 2000 Performance residential waste stream Measure managed effectively, future efforts will focus on Residential waste 21 46 58 diverted from landfill (%) 14 other elements of the urban waste stream including electronics waste and construction and demolition Another performance measure is the amount (C&D) waste. of household hazardous waste collected at the City's two Eco Stations. This is reported Implementation of initiatives identified in under 4.2 "Hazardous Materials". the Waste Management Strategic Plan continues, including optimisation of merging Issues and Key Challenges collection systems with dual compartment collection vehicles. The benefits include The City's landfill will be full between improved cost efficiency and reduced traffic 2012 and 2015. Action must begin by 2005 and emissions in the community. to ensure sufficient landfill capacity is secured before the current capacity is New initiatives to increase recycling rates exhausted. include the blue bin Multi-family Recycling Program, which began in March 2002 and Residents and businesses must be provided will be implemented over 18 months. with access to reasonably convenient and cost-effective means of waste removal and The Waste Management Branch is disposal. Securing long-term landfill developing a formal Environmental capacity ensures this takes place. Management System (EMS). An EMS commits the Branch to identifying and Changing demographics, in particular, actively managing the environmental an aging population staying in their impacts of its operations. homes longer, could impact on the level and type of waste services required. The needs of senior citizens and potential erformance Measures changes to the delivery of waste services will be assessed. Among the performance measures tracked annually is the percentage of Consolidation of the waste management residential waste diverted from landfill. industry in Canada will require vigilance Between 1998 and 2002, the amount of residential waste landfilled decreased by by the City to ensure that services are over 40% due to the development of provided to all sectors of the community alternatives including recycling and in a competitive manner. composting. About 14% of the residential waste stream is recycled.

Multi-family dwellings are serviced by 20 community recycling depots and, beginning in March 2002, a blue-bin recycling program. In 2000, more than 27,000 tonnes

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2.6 ENERGY MANAGEMENT CLASSIFICATION Enhance Existing Environmental Performance STRATEGIC DIRECTION Improve Energy Efficiency

ntroduction

Recent developments in the energy utility area related to deregulation and supply constraints have made "energy management" a higher profile topic. As a result, Edmonton's efforts in energy management received increased attention from the public and from City Council. Long-term power supply contracts protected the City's operations from the worst of the price shocks that affected Alberta in 2001. Energy management efforts of City departments are coordinated through the Energy Management Revolving Fund Project Review Committee (EMRFPRC) and the Environmental Policy Coordinating Committee (EPCC). The City's Office of Energy Management (OEM) coordinates the Energy Management Revolving Fund (EMRF). The OEM also works with the City Law Branch on utility regulatory matters and maintains a billing verification system. The OEM is the primary contact point with the power, water, and gas utilities for matters related to supply, accounts, and billings.

trategic Framework

Objective: To conserve non-renewable energy resources. Key Strategies: 2.6.1 Encourage more efficient use of current energy resources.

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2.6.2 Decrease the reliance on nonrenewable energy resources. 2.6.3 Increase awareness of the need to conserve traditional energy resources and utilise alternatives. 2.6.4 Monitor and report emerging trends in technologies and opportunities for application.

trategic Initiatives In 1994, the City initiated a $1 million energy management revolving fund (EMRF) to allow testing of energy-saving technologies in buildings. In 1999, the fund was increased to $5 million with a new focus on full-building retrofits. By early 2002, more than 30 full-building retrofits were underway. In 2003, the fund was increased to a borrowing capacity of $30 million and expanded to include other city facilities and operations. Since 2001, the new more complex, utility bills associated with the deregulation of energy utilities have resulted in a considerable increase in the workload associated with verifying billings and monitoring energy consumption. New methods, tools and approaches are being tested, and the OEM is working closely with EPCOR and ATCO to make the best use of its limited resources, unchanged since 2000. In January 2001, Edmonton launched the Fuel Sense Program, a driver training initiative that is projected to significantly reduce fuel use from the City's fleet. Individual drivers trained through the program typically achieve fuel savings of

Report on Environmental Performance

15% and can achieve savings as high as 40%. Fuel consumption by the municipal fleet in 2001 was 205,000 litres less compared to the expected consumption before the program was implemented. Federal programs such as the Commercial Buildings Incentives Program (CBIP) have become a factor in the design basis of recent City facilities, which now are expected to meet or exceed the guidelines set by the Model National Energy Code for Buildings.

uture Initiatives

The EMRFPRC provides the first level of operational/business case review of EMRF projects. Generally, qualified independent internal or external resources are expected to review projects technically. EPCC provides a senior level setting for inter-departmental exchange of energy- and utility-related information. In the 2nd quarter of 2002 a major review of the EMRF began to evaluate possible changes to borrowing capacity, project criteria, and program resources. As a result of this review, the EMRF borrowing limit was increased to $30 M in early 2003. Currently, AMFC loans have been designated as the source of funds.

erformance Measures

The City will develop measures related to energy used and space utilisation in its facilities. The measures will help identify where efficiencies are acceptable or improvements needed, on a basis that relates to meaningful, controllable, operating performance. The measures will be developed and tested during 2004. The measures are not meant to be a replacement for establishing acceptable standards for facility structural and environmental systems.

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merging Issues and Key Challenges

Energy consumption is a major aspect of the greenhouse gas emissions issue. High costs of energy are a strong, natural driver for reductions in energy use. The City's energy costs have increased significantly since rebates and other forms of cost protection and deferral were removed in 2002. Accurately tracking, verifying, and reporting utility usage and consumption is difficult when confidentiality of cost and rate information is subject to legally binding constraints, and where co-operation from the utilities may be hampered by their competitive situation. The OEM continues to work with EPCOR and ATCO to improve the reliability and usefulness of billing data. Improving staff awareness of energy issues and co-ordination between departments needs to be addressed. Ensuring that technical standards are current and appropriate is an issue. Care must be taken that projects are not undertaken under the guise of "energy efficiency" that do not meet reasonable standards for payback, even where the source of funds may not specifically require a repayment from operating savings. The Energy Management Revolving Fund must continue to meet Edmonton's needs in terms of project results. It is important to ensure that projects undertaken as "energy conservation" initiatives are a reasonable and consistent reflection of the City's established criteria for such projects, regardless of the funding source(s) involved. In addition, possible alternatives must be monitored to identify opportunities for improvement. This may require nonstandard resources and software tools, plus investment in staff training and increased use of contracted resources.

Report on Environmental Performance

3.1 DRINKING WATER CLASSIFICATION Continue To Meet Current Standards STRATEGIC DIRECTION Maintain a Safe and Reliable Potable Water Supply.

ntroduction

Edmonton's drinking water supply comes from the North Saskatchewan River. It goes through full conventional, multiple-barrier water treatment before being distributed to users in Edmonton and 45 surrounding communities.

3.1.3 Maintain and increase community awareness and participation to conserve water. 3.1.4 Continue to monitor trends in the quality of potable water.

Edmonton's drinking water meets or surpasses all requirements mandated by the waterworks operating approval issued by Alberta Environment and all current Canadian Drinking Water Quality Guidelines.

The federal government sets drinking and surface water quality guidelines. Alberta incorporates these as regulations and also issues approvals to water utilities to operate. EPCOR works closely with federal and provincial government agencies on the development of new guidelines or standards for drinking water. EPCOR regularly monitors water quality and files a formal monthly report to Alberta Environment, which is posted on EPCOR's website.

trategic Initiatives

EPCOR Water Services monitors trends in water quality, tracks and implements appropriate developments in early warning monitoring, water treatment and analytical testing, and plans to meet any treatment changes required because of new drinking water quality guidelines.

EPCOR installed an ultraviolet (UV) light disinfection system at the E.L. Smith water plant and is currently working towards installing a UV system at Rossdale water treatment plant by the end of 2004. These systems add to the microbial reduction capabilities of the plants by de-activating microorganisms.

EPCOR continues to actively participate in the City's River Water Quality Task Force, which is co-ordinating projects for an integrated approach to river water quality improvements.

Key Strategies: 3.1.1 Maintain and enhance the protection of Edmonton's water source. 3.1.2 Develop and maintain partnerships to address water quality issues.

EPCOR is a founding member of the North Saskatchewan Watershed Alliance (NWSA) and continues to support the group whose purpose is "to protect and improve water quality and ecosystem functioning in the North Saskatchewan Watershed within Alberta." The NSWA will complete a State of the Watershed report by the end of 2003

trategic Direction

Objective: To ensure a continuing safe and adequate supply of potable water.

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Report on Environmental Performance

and has initiated an Integrated Watershed Management Plan. EPCOR also partners with the NSWA on stewardship and research projects with the goal of ameliorating water quality within the basin. EPCOR supports various Alberta Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture (AESA) projects within the North Saskatchewan River basin to promote stewardship activities while increasing public awareness.

uture Initiatives

EPCOR will be developing plans for an Upstream Early Warning Monitoring Station for water quality in 2004, subject to funding constraints and on-line water quality analyser capabilities. EPCOR is developing plans to reduce discharges of chloraminated water to surface waters. Environment Canada declared chloramines as "toxic" under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA). EPCOR will continue to support the North Saskatchewan Watershed Alliance and the City of Edmonton's River Water Quality Task Force.

all of EPCOR' s stricter internal requirements. Based on over 4,000 tests per month in the plants' treated water and the distribution system water, the index in 2002 was 99.7%. The index remained the same for the first quarter of 2003. Environmental Index The environmental index summarises EPCOR' s performance for a variety of parameters including compliance with environmental regulations, audits, training, planning, and participation in environmental action groups such as the North Saskatchewan Watershed Alliance and the City River Valley Water Quality Task Force. The target is 100 points for combined activities. In April 2003 the index measured 111.03, exceeding the target of 100 for the first quarter of 2003.

merging Issues and Key Challenges 'I

Health Canada or Alberta Environment may set more stringent requirements for existing regulated water quality parameters or introduce guidelines for new parameters. Environment Canada may set stringent guidelines or regulations for discharges to surface waters for existing CEPA-toxic parameters and introduce new parameters to the "toxic substances list".

erformance Measures

Under Edmonton's Waterworks Bylaw 12585, which came into effect July 2001, the overall performance of the water utility is measured by using indexes of critical areas including a Water Quality Index and an Environmental Index.

Water Quality Index The water quality index monitors the percentage of water sample tests that meet all regulated requirements, and, in addition,

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Other challenges include increased growth within the City of Edmonton and surrounding areas and maintaining vigilance with security at all facilities. Health Canada guidelines or Alberta Environment standards for drinking water may become more stringent for parameters such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium, viruses, bacteria, and disinfection byproducts.

Report on Environmental Performance

6t3.2 SURFACE WATER CLASSIFICATION Enhance Existing Environmental Performance STRATEGIC DIRECTION Improve Surface Water Quality

ntroduction

Surface water in Edmonton includes the North Saskatchewan River (NSR), creeks, wetlands, lakes and storm water management (SWM) facilities. In 1998-99, Alberta Environment (AENV) rated the NSR upstream of Edmonton as "good", while downstream water quality was rated "fair" as measured by the Alberta Surface Water Quality Index. Water quality downstream of Edmonton has improved with the implementation of UV-disinfection and biological nutrient removal. Alberta Environment regulates discharges to surface waters through its approval process.

trategic Framework

Objective: To ensure the quality of surface water is suitable for a diversity of compatible uses and its ecological value is maintained. Key Strategies: 3.2.1 Continue the development and implementation of environmental protection plans for discharges to surface waters 3.2.2 Develop an integrated watershed protection plan for surface water quality improvement. 3.2.3 Increase community awareness and participation in prevention of pollution of surface waters. 3.2.4 Conduct enhanced monitoring and further develop a common surface water quality database.

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trategk Initiatives

A Land Drainage Utility has been established to help fund drainage and environmental projects.

A study to reduce the impact of ammonia discharges from the Gold Bar Wastewater Treatment Plant (GBWWTP) is continuing. A study to improve water quality in stormwater management lakes and constructed wetlands is continuing. BNR implementation at GBWWTP is on going through 2003/2004 to optimin ammonia removal and ensure full operation during the winter months. The City's Environmental Monitoring Program has been expanded to provide more information on river water quality and better understand water quality issues in the Edmonton-area NSR watershed. Identification and elimination of interconnections and cross connections in the drainage system and replacement of double barrel pipe are on going programs. ISO 14001 implementation in Drainage Services is on schedule. Registration is expected for early 2004. Membrane filtration studies to improve the quality of GBWWTP UV-treated final effluent are underway. The Enhanced Primary Treatment (EPT) project is underway to capture and treat wet weather CSO flows at GBWWTP.

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The Centre of Excellence for wastewater research is under construction at Gold Bar. To better understand river mixing immediately downstream of the GBWWTP final effluent outfall, Drainage Services has supported a $25,000 University of Alberta Near-field Mixing Study.

Evaluation of engineering options to treat or convey stormwater runoff from major existing storm outfalls to the NSR is needed. Four basins contribute about 75% of the City's total stormwater runoff to the river. The cost for analysis for the four outfalls is estimated at $100,000.

erformance Measures

A University of Alberta study of the infectivity of endemic waterborne parasites in western Canada is supported by Drainage Services. This work is expected to help assess the downstream public health significance of UV-treated wastewater effluent discharges.

Final effluent from the GBWWTP exceeded licence requirements in 2002. Final effluent average concentrations in 2002 for Total Suspended Solids, CBOD, NH3-N, TP, and fecal coliforms were 7 mg/L, 4 mg/L, 6.5 mg/L, 0.9 mg/L, and 25 C.F.U./100-mT â&#x20AC;&#x17E; respectively. The current licensing requirements are 25 mg/L for TSS and Biological Oxygen Demand, and 200 C.F.U./100-ra for fecal coliforms.

A Total Loadings Scoping Study is underway. The study will provide a Terms of Reference to proceed with a River Impact Study, which will provide the information required to establish loads for key constituents to protect river water quality.

In 2002, the percentage of CSO wet weather flow treated was 51%.

Twenty sanitary spills were reported to AENV in 2002.

uture Initiatives

A work plan for a fish ammonia toxicity study is under review. This study would aid development of a local CCME ammonia criteria guideline. The study is estimated to cost $70,000 (currently not funded). A work plan to install aeration at Mayliewan Lake is under review. The study would compare different technologies for better control of nutrients in wet ponds. The study will cost between $40,000 - $70,000 (currently not funded). A Stormwater Quality Strategy is needed to properly address land use issues and storm runoff. The plan is for a series of workshops to build consensus on policies and practices that affect surface water quality. Development of the strategy is estimated to cost $50,000. The River Water Quality Task Force (RWQTF) is expected to initiate a risk assessment in the fall 2003.

July 2003

merging Issues and Key Challenges

Challenges that involve surface water include: - the presence and significance to aquatic systems of endocrine disrupters in fmal wastewater effluent; - dual regulatory environment with Environment Canada playing a larger role locally in addition to Alberta Environment; - development of a workable total loadings approach as the basis of the City's 2005 Approval to Operate; development of a plan to reduce impacts to the NSR from stormwater runoff from existing developed City basins; and the role of municipalities in the initiatives outline in Alberta's "Water for Life" strategy.

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3.3 INDOOR AIR CLASSIFICATION Enhance Existing Environmental Performance STRATEGIC DIRECTION Improve Indoor Air Quality

ntroduction

The City is committed to maintaining a healthy indoor environment for its employees and the public who use City facilities. On average, we spend 90% of our time indoors. Poor indoor air quality can affect comfort, cause irritation, and affect workplace productivity and morale. In extreme cases, indoor air quality may affect personal health, especially in more sensitive individuals. Indoor air quality problems may occur for reasons including deficient ventilation systems, an unusually high release of a contaminant, or improper operation of a building. Indoor air contaminants can include particulates and gases produced due to the nature of indoor space, by occupants and their activities, or brought in from outdoors. Contaminant sources may include carpets and building materials, chemicals such as cleaning agents, smoke, microorganisms such as moulds, vehicle exhaust and other outdoor sources. The indoor air quality for each building must be managed individually. The City investigates and responds to indoor air quality complaints in City-owned or leased space. Where a concern relates to a nonCity facility, information can be obtained from the City's web site or from other organisations such as Capital Health. The Capital Health Authority and Alberta Health and Wellness investigate indoor air quality complaints and provide information. The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) provides information

July 2003

on indoor air quality for housing. The federal government is responsible for developing building codes.

trategic Framework

Objective: To ensure appropriate indoor air quality to avoid negative impacts on health and quality of life.

Key Strategies: 3.3.1 Increase the extent of prohibition of smoking in public places. 3.3.2 Provide information to increase community awareness of indoor air quality issues.

trategic Initiatives Asset Management and Public Works ensures that City-owned or leased facilities are constructed to building code standards and that existing facilities, when renovated, are upgraded as required. Projects include: • Replaced terminal boxes and upgraded fans in Chancery Hall to enhance air circulation. • Replaced exhaust rail systems in fire stations to protect staff from exposure to vehicle exhaust. • A program to install portable air conditioning units in fire stations. • Including direct digital control (DDC) systems in major new facilities and in significant renovations where warranted. • Upgrading filtration quality to office environments and duct cleaning for the

Report on Environmental Performance

â&#x20AC;˘

majority of City owned facilities, which will be completed in 2003. Upgrading ventilation systems in arenas or using electric ice resurfacers to reduce air contamination. Reviewing pool ventilation systems and upgrading them, as necessary.

Asset Management and Public Works recommends that all complaints received from building occupants are reported to Occupational Health and Safety. OH&S can verify the complaint, develop a database of problems relating to air quality, and monitor progress in reducing future incidents.

uture Initiatives

Asset Management and Public Works will act on the recommendations from Occupational Health and Safety to determine the cost and benefit of solutions and identify potential sources of funding. Asset Management and Public Works will continue to upgrade City-owned facilities to maintain or improve air quality, when funding for facility changes is being considered. A program of random testing is being considered for City owned and leased facilities to determine if minimum air quality standards are being maintained. There is a need to develop a program for detecting mould developing in facilities susceptible to this ever-growing health risk.

erformance Measures

p One measure of performance is the number and type of complaints received regarding air quality in city owned or leased buildings. Currently, there is no systematic tracking of this information.

July 2003

Emerging Issues and Key Challenges Funding for air quality improvements for facilities is limited to maintenance and repair operating budget funds and approved capital funds for specific projects. Asset Management and Public Works attempts to include air quality improvements, when justified, in the scope of projects competing for capital funding. Establishing a database for complaints is a critical first step in determining the magnitude of current problems. The data will assist in making the case for funding to correct problems and determining funding requirements to keep abreast of air quality issues and solutions. Some individuals have a high sensitivity to environmental conditions. It may not be practical to modify a building environment to that required by these individuals. These situations are unique and need to be reviewed individually by specialists to resolve problems. Actions to encourage more efficient use of energy may adversely affect indoor air quality if not undertaken properly (e.g. ventilation rates are not addressed).

Report on Environmental Performance

3.4 AMBIENT AIR CLASSIFICATION Enhance Existing Environmental Performance STRATEGIC DIRECTION Maintain And Improve Ambient Air Quality

ntroduction

Pollutants in the air around us include emissions from industrial and commercial operations, transportation, and residences. Alberta Environment operates three permanent monitoring stations in the Edmonton area. The Index of the Quality of the Air (IQUA) is based on concentrations of carbon monoxide, dust and smoke, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide in the air. Recently, the dust and smoke component was replaced with a measure of fme particulate matter (PM2.5) to better represent the effects of these small particles on air quality and the index was renamed the Air Quality Index (AQI). Between July 2002 and July 2003, the IQUA was "good" more 99% of the time at one station and 96.6 and 96.3% of the time at the other two stations.

Key Strategies: 3.4.1 Co-operate with the Federal and Provincial governments to maintain and improve air quality. 3.4.2 Develop an awareness program to reduce harmful emissions. 3.4.3 City to undertake an increased role in monitoring and reporting on air quality for the City of Edmonton.

trategic Initiatives

Edmonton's interests in ambient air issues are considered through its participation in activities of the Clean Air Strategic Alliance's (CASA). For example, the Vehicle Emissions Team (VET) is working with Edmonton Transit on a pilot project, to be completed in 2004, to evaluate particulate filters on two diesel busses, with an emphasis on cold climate performance.

Air quality has improved due to improved vehicle design and energy efficiency. The occasional conditions of "fair" air quality are due mainly to exceedences in ground-level ozone and particulates.

The City applies the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board's (EUB) guidelines for Sour Well Licensing and Drilling for minimum separation between sour gas wells and other land uses to minimise environmental and health impacts of these operations.

Provincial and federal governments set air quality standards and regulate emissions. The City has little direct control but works with federal and provincial agencies on air quality issues.

The Transportation and Streets Department uses a computer model to determine future changes in vehicle emissions. The model is being updated to reflect the latest MOBILE6 vehicle emission forecasting tools.

trategic Framework Objective: To ensure that the quality of outdoor air does not impair health and quality of life.

July 2003

The City is replacing existing vehicles with newer technology that produces fewer emissions. The City's Fuel Sense Program teaches City employees to drive more fuel efficiently, thus reducing vehicle emissions.

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Asset Management and Public Works is reducing odours from the sewer system and at the Gold Bar Waste Water Treatment Plant (GBWWTP). Alberta Environment is preparing an updated inventory of emissions in the City, which will help focus future initiatives. Initiatives under the City's Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Plan produce benefits for ambient air quality.

sector, which may have an impact on Edmonton air quality. Additional resources requirements will depend on the City's level of involvement in these various initiatives. erformance Measures

Performance measures include changes in overall emissions from the City's fleet of vehicles and the number of odour complaints.

uture Initiatives

CASA and Alberta Environment are developing an implementation plan for Canada-wide standards for particulate matter and ozone, and other air contaminants. It is likely that the Edmonton area will be required to develop a management plan for these contaminants. Formation of an Alberta Central Air Management zone, under CASA principles, is being considered. The organization might undertake air quality monitoring, emissions inventories, source apportionment, and analysis of air quality; and develop air quality management plans. Studies in other urban areas found that road dust is a significant source of particulates. It is not clear if this applies in Edmonton. Revised street cleaning practices may be required to minimin road dust. The recommendations of CASA' s VET will lead to piloting, monitoring and evaluation of CASA-approved projects related to vehicle emissions reduction. The provincial Climate Change Central is examining implementation of a provincewide vehicle scrappage program, possibly beginning in 2003.

Numbers for the former are not yet available. In 2002, 90 odour complaints were received by the 'Odour Hotline'. Three were attributed to the GBWWTP, 61 likely were caused by emissions from the Edmonton Waste Management Centre (EWMC) or adjacent facilities, and 26 were attributed to spills to the sewer system or unidentified sources. The "Odour Hotline" received 193 odour complaints in 2001 and 90 in 2000.

Emerging Issues and Key Challenges Air pollutants can cause respiratory ailments such as emphysema and asthma, and result in increased health care costs and loss of workplace productivity. A relatively few occurrences of exposure to relatively low levels of air pollutants over long time periods may impact human health. The IAQ may not adequately reflect these risks. In June 2000, the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) endorsed Canada-wide standards for particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone. CCME will consider the need for standards for PM10 at its fall 2003 meeting.

The CASA Electricity Project Team will recommend a new approach to managing air emissions from the province's electricity

July 2003

Report on Environmental Performance

3.5 OZONE LAYER CLASSIFICATION Continue To Meet Current Standards STRATEGIC DIRECTION Reduce Emissions of Ozone-Depleting Substances from City Operations

ntroduction

Ozone is a natural and vital gas in the stratosphere, a 20 kilometre thick layer in the upper atmosphere, which contains 90% of all ozone. Ozone in the stratosphere shields the earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays; however, the concentration of stratospheric ozone is decreasing. This results in more UV rays reaching the Earth's surface. Chlorofluorcarbons (CFCs), and hydrochlorofiuorocarbons (HCFCs), used extensively as refrigerants, and halons, used for fire suppression, are extremely stable substances. When released into the air, these ozone-depleting substances (ODS) travel upward and are broken down by the intense UV light. This produces chlorine that in turn breaks down the protective ozone layer. Ozone-friendly replacement chemicals exist and substantial progress has been made in reducing emissions of ODS; however, further measures are warranted. Provincial regulations require all persons servicing air conditioning or refrigeration equipment to be certified and to conduct servicing procedures in accordance with the federal Code of Practice.

refrigerants, as regulated substances. In addition, there is a prohibition on the recharge of car air conditioning systems with a CFC and refillable containers must be used. As required by this regulation, the City of Edmonton has developed management plans that outline procedures for servicing fire suppression equipment and a schedule for the phase-out and replacement of halon is in place.

trategic Framework Objective: To reduce Edmonton's contribution to the depletion of the ozone layer. Key Strategies: 3.5.1 Continue to reduce releases of ozonedepleting substances. 3.5.2 Continue to eliminate the inventory of ozone-depleting substances. 3.5.3 Increase awareness and training to recognise causes of ozone depletion from the stratosphere. 3.5.4 Develop a reporting system to monitor trends in use of ozone-depleting substances and their safe alternatives.

trategic Initiatives

Alberta's Ozone-Depleting Substances Regulation, effective September 2000, added HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons, HFCs (hydrofiuorocarbons) and PFCs perfluorocarbons), where used as

July 2003

The City has reduced its use of CFCs in air conditioning and refrigeration systems. CFCs are collected and destroyed. Asset Management and Public Works has converted all remaining CFC R-11 chillers

Report on Environmental Performance

under its control and maintenance to HCFC -123 or HCFC â&#x20AC;&#x201D;22, which have a greatlyreduced ozone depleting potential. Concession equipment containing CFC R-12 is being replaced by equipment utilising HFC-134a. Hand-held, halon fire extinguishers under the control and maintenance of the City were switched over to CO, or dry chemical extinguishers in 1993. Fixed halon fire suppression systems have been changed out gradually during the last few years. The remaining four systems are targeted to be changed out in 2005, budget permitting. Asset Management and Public Works has contracted a service to collect CFCs from refrigerators and air conditioners accepted at Clover Bar landfill and ECO-stations before the appliances are recycled. The CFCs are recycled. Asset Management and Public Works maintenance staff received training to ensure that they understand Alberta's OzoneDepleting Substances Regulation and the City's approach to managing ODS, and comply with the regulation. Accidental releases of ozone depleting substances are reported to Alberta Environment.

uture Initiatives

FThe City will update its inventory of ODS and halon in use in facilities owned or leased by the City and its boards and agencies. The Office of the Environment will use the City's web site to provide information on the City's practices with respect to the management of ODS and to increase public awareness of ozone depletion and the need for responsible management of ODS.

July 2003

erformance Measures

p The City will continue to update and maintain its inventory of ozone depleting substances used in City operations. The inventory has decreased significantly over the past few years as these substances have been removed from service. Asset Management and Public Works has eliminated its complete R-11 inventory (1955 kgs) from equipment under its control.

Emerging Issues and Key Challenges Increased exposure to UV rays, the result of decreasing concentrations of ozone in the stratosphere, is associated with sunburn, skin cancer, weakening of the immune system and aliments such as cataracts. People may experience anxiety with respect to over-exposure to sunlight and UV rays. High levels of UV radiation slow plant growth and affect vegetation and crop production through decreased yields. Aquatic life, especially algae, may be affected. Exposure to excessive levels of UV radiation also may accelerate degradation of materials such as wood, rubber and plastic. The federal government's National Action Plan for the Environmental Control of Ozone-Depleting Substances (OSD) and their Halocarbon Alternatives (1998) includes a broader range of ODS than the 1992 National Action Plan. Alberta's Ozone-Depleting Substances Regulation, effective September 1, 2000, implements the 1998 National Action Plan. Further restrictions and stricter regulations are being discussed.

Report on Environmental Performance

4.1 INDUSTRIAL RELEASES CLASSIFICATION Continue To Meet Current Standards STRATEGIC DIRECTION Continue To Prevent and Mitigate Harmful Industrial Releases

ntroduction

The Edmonton region is the largest chemical and petrochemical-producing area in Canada. Manufacturing facilities and the distribution modes are subject to federal and provincial regulations and the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board regulate major pipelines. Alberta Environment requires planned and accidental releases to be reported to the Department. Industrial releases may also require responses from emergency services, industry, and regulatory authorities. The City's Emergency Response Department (ERD) has a highly trained Dangerous Goods Response Team that responds to industrial emergencies and co-operates with major industrial companies occurs through the Strathcona Industrial Association.

trategic Framework

Objective: To protect the community and the physical environment from industrial releases.

Key Strategies 4.1.1 Maintain emergency response capabilities to industrial releases.

4.1.2 Enhance risk management approach to plan, prevent and mitigate against industrial releases. 4.1.3 Encourage increased community awareness of safety protocols developed by industry.

July 2003

4.1.4 Continue to monitor industrial releases within the city boundaries.

trategic Initiatives

City Council approved Edmonton's Industrial Land Strategy in August 2002. The Strategy will establish an orderly planning process for industrial areas and achieve greater compatibility between industrial activities and other uses.

ERD' s Dangerous Goods Response Teams deals with chemical spills within the jurisdiction of the City and train annually to maintain skills and review procedures. ERD also annually inspects industrial facilities for compliance with the Fire Code for the safe storage of hazardous chemicals. Drainage Branch, Asset Management and Public Works, monitors and, with the ERD, mitigates chemical releases that may enter storm drains leading to the river. The City's Planning and Development Department reviews planning and subdivision proposals using guidance from Plan Edmonton and the May 2003 Subdivision Authority Directive. The focus is on maintaining the integrity of pipeline and utility corridors while planning for growth. The Edmonton Police Service enforces provincial and federal legislation regarding transportation of hazardous substances. The City is a member of the Strathcona Industrial Association, and ERD and other members of the Association present

Report on Environmental Performance

information sessions on the emergency preparedness and response.

uture Initiatives

The City's Zoning Bylaw contains an innovative industrial section requiring enhanced risk management as well as draft Terms of Reference for Industrial Plan preparation. This will be implemented on an area-by-area basis; however, it is still in the development stage.

•

The number of dangerous goods emergencies managed by the E.R.D.

Spills Dealt with by the Emergency Response Department. Number Significant/Serious 1995 1058 596 1996 1317 456 1997 1415 316 1998 1628 288 1999 1516 290 2000 1886 350 2001/2002 2353/2879 487*/414 * Includes 90+ Anthrax type calls.

A hazard analysis Releases Reported to Alberta Environment on major industry 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001/2002 was performed to determine the 57 51 93 122 76 91 71 85/84* requirements for Increases during 1996 and 1997 were due in part to implementation of the City's new policy on reporting and reporting of releases to Alberta Environment that should have been reported only resources for at a City level. The decrease in 2000 was due to development of a Release Reporting Guideline manpower, and a Release Reporting Form, and more frequent maintenance checks on equipment. * 58 were City incidents, 26 from other sources. training and equipment to address industrial emergencies. Over the past 5 years annual inspections of commercial and industrial facilities ranged There are greater demands on the City with between 13,000 to 15,000 per year. There respect to responding to possible chemical, were 385 high hazard occupancy inspections biological, radiological, nuclear, and in 2001 and 310 inspections of fuel explosive terrorist events. There also is an dispensers with under ground storage tanks. increasing number of clandestine drug labs operating in the area. The increased demands on the ERD require an increased budget for equipment, manpower and training. An additional Dangerous Response Unit will cost $600,000, plus $300,000 for equipment. Training of new Team members will cost $500,000 and more rigorous training existing staff to deal with more complex issue and equipment will cost $200,000 per year for 4 platoons.

erformance Measures

• •

Among measures used by the City are: The number of annual inspections of industrial facilities. The number of releases reported by City operations.

July 2003

merging Issues and Key Challenges

Chemical and petrochemical production in the Edmonton area has increased by 10 to 50% per year during the last five years. During the same time, there have been staff reductions of 10 to 25%. There is an increased expectation by industry that municipal responders will play a greater role in responding to industrial events. A consistent approach by municipalities in the Edmonton region to heavy industrial land use would improve risk management and facilitate emergency response to deal with industrial releases.

Report on Environmental Performance

4.2 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION Continue To Meet Current Standards STRATEGIC DIRECTION Continue To Reduce Exposure to Hazardous Materials

ntroduction

The Edmonton area is the largest chemical and petrochemical-producing region in Canada. Annually, hundreds of millions of tonnes of hazardous materials are transported by road, rail and pipeline in the Edmonton region. There has been increased public awareness about the dangers of unplarmed exposure to hazardous chemicals at work, in the home, or at other venues. The proper storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals at industrial facilities is a public health and environmental concern. The transportation, disposal and potential unplanned releases of hazardous and biomedical wastes have created public concern about effects to life, property and the environment. The storage, collection, and disposal of household chemicals and their associated hazards to family members, especially children, is a community concern and the exposure of children to common toxic chemicals is an emerging issue. Federal, provincial, and municipal legislation regulates the transportation, use, and disposal of hazardous materials, including hazardous waste. Alberta Environment and Alberta Health and Wellness regulate disposal of hazardous waste, including biomedical waste, in Alberta. The City has innovative household hazardous waste recycling programs

at two Eco Stations. A hazardous waste treatment facility is operated at Swan Hills.

trategic Framework

Objective: To protect the community and the environment from harmful impacts related to the storage, transportation, use and disposal of hazardous materials. Key Strategies: 4.2.1 Continue to mitigate against the release and exposure of hazardous materials in the community. 4.2.2 Re-evaluate and enhance systems and procedures for dealing with hazardous materials. 4.2.3 Increase overall awareness of the danger, proper handling and disposal of hazardous materials. 4.2.4 Monitor the movement, storage and disposal of hazardous material within the City.

trategic Initiatives

Emergency Response Plans are legislated for industry and other users of hazardous materials that help reduce exposure to hazardous materials.

Asset Management and Public Works operates two Eco Stations that annually collect thousands of tonnes of 1111W for safe treatment, disposal or recycling. The Emergency Response Department (ERD) has a highly trained and well-

July 2003

Report on Environmental Performance

equipped Dangerous Goods Response Team to deal with chemical emergencies on the streets, at industrial facilities, and in the home and office. Transportation and Streets, and the ERD's system of Dangerous Goods Routes manage the movement of hazardous materials on Edmonton's streets. A pesticide container depot operated by Asset Management and Public Works at the Clover Bar Landfill enhances the drop-off system at the landfill for unwanted household hazardous materials.

uture Initiatives

FThe Emergency Response Department is implementing a computer-based record keeping system (POSSE) for information related to inventories of chemicals at industrial sites. The City and other regional communities are pursuing the concept of regional emergency services that will contribute to the safety of living and working in the Edmonton region.

erformance Measures

p Asset Management and Public Works operates a leachate extraction and treatment system at the Clover Bar Landfill to minimise potential release of liquid residues from the landfill.

One measure of the City's efforts to reduce exposure to hazardous materials is the amount of HEIW, including materials such as used motor oil, cleaners, pesticides, batteries and electronic equipment collected at the City's two Eco Stations.

The ERD inspects industrial facilities for compliance with the Alberta Fire Code's storage requirements for hazardous materials.

EMerging Issues and Key Challenges

As provided for by Plan Edmonton, Planning and Development applies risk management principles by providing separation distances and effective transition zones between heavy industry and other uses to minimise the risk to the public of exposure to hazardous materials (see 2.3 Sustainable Urban Form). Many industries in Edmonton have annual open houses to increase public awareness of industrial processes, safety features, and the benefit to the community.

July 2003

One challenge for the City is to provide Household Hazardous Waste Collected (205 L drums) at Edmonton's Eco Stations 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2,160

2,992

3,680

3,912

4,111

sufficient funding to maintain the level of services, particularly those of fire, rescue and dangerous goods protection, in the face of increasing population and industrial growth.

Report on Environmental Performance

4.3 CONTAMINATED LANDS CLASSIFICATION Enhance Existing Environmental Performance STRATEGIC DIRECTION Reduce Land Contamination

ntroduction

Most contaminated sites are on private property and result from operations involving underground storage of fuels and other commercial and industrial activities. Movement of contaminants from a site can be accelerated in disturbed soil, through coarse-grained materials, and through poor operational practices. Exposure can occur through direct contact with contaminated soil and through contact with contaminants transferred to air and water. Alberta Environment and the Capital Health Authority have legislation requiring clean up of contaminated sites. The City, through its development approval process, requires action for certain planning applications to make contaminated land suitable for its intended use. Edmonton's Release Reporting Policy helps ensure that City actions are responsible and diligent. Several operational areas respond to contamination depending on whether it is on private land, City-owned land or right of ways, or is an emergency spill.

4.3.2 Improve awareness of the benefits of preventing contamination through improved industrial practices and storage of materials. 4.3.3 In conjunction with Alberta Environment, develop and maintain an information system for contaminated sites.

trategic Initiatives

Edmonton has developed procedures for dealing with contaminated land issues on right-of-ways, in selected planning applications, and when considering the purchase and sale of property; however, there is no corporate-wide policy and some departmental policies are informal. In addition, there is no comprehensive, coordinated database of contaminated lands.

Planning and Development has a draft policy that provides direction to developers on the information requirements and process for dealing with potentially contaminated lands in structure plans, re-zonings, road closures, and subdivision proposals. The policy will be presented to City Council in 2002.

trategic Framework

Objective: To protect the community and physical environment from impacts related to the contamination of land.

Key Strategies: 4.3.1 Develop a comprehensive strategy for dealing with site contamination in conjunction with Alberta Environment.

July 2003

The ERD inspects businesses for compliance with the Fire Code. If contamination presents a fire or explosion or other environmental hazard, information is passed to Alberta Environment for monitoring and enforcement. Asset Management and Public Works, and Transportation and Streets review reports on site contamination. The review is done to ensure that property transfers of contaminated lands are dealt with 27

Report on Environmental Performance

appropriately; to prevent the City from acquiring contaminated land unawares; to assess impacts to maintenance and construction of right-of-ways and utility corridors and worker health and safety; and to determine remediation requirements. The City received a report, Overall Summary. Generic Risk Assessment for the Protection of Infrastructure Workers, Seepage Quality, and Physical Integrity of Pipe, and will be assessing these risks. Drainage Services has procedures in place for dealing with contaminated soil during installation of underground utilities. The City has received funding through Alberta Municipal Affairs' Underground Petroleum Storage Tank Remediation Program to clean up selected orphaned sites for which the City has taken ownership. In partnership with the City of Calgary, Edmonton's Transportation Department is undertaking the development of guidelines for protection of underground utilities in areas of known or suspected petroleum hydrocarbon contamination.

uture Initiatives

A City working group is developing procedures for sharing information, addressing issues of confidentiality, and developing an overall approach for dealing with contaminated sites. The City has developed a Brownfields Pilot Grant Program that would provide an incentive for owners of contaminated sites to clean up and redevelop their properties. This program requires $500,000 over a three-year period and the Administration is currently exploring funding sources from the other orders of government. This program, along with potential funding opportunities will be brought to City Council for their consideration in early 2004.

July 2003

erformance Measures

Performance may be measured by the number of known or suspected contaminated sites under City ownership. This number likely will increase as sites are added to the inventory. Over the longer-term, improved management of hazardous materials and remediation of contaminated sites should reduce this number. Collection of data is under way.

Emerging Issues and Key Challenges Migration of contaminants may have a negative impact on surface and groundwater, and ambient air quality and lead to possible human health and safety impacts. Providing service connections to potentially contaminated sites is a concern for worker health and safety. Before certain planning approvals or property transfers are granted, contaminated land must be cleaned-up: the cost of remediation can be high. Issues of confidentiality and freedom of information affect Edmonton's ability to share information about contaminated lands internally and externally, and to manage sites more effectively. Most contaminated sites are adjacent to City right-of-ways. The City may want to set a standard for acceptable contamination in right-of-ways to manage its liability as a potential contaminant pathway to third party properties. In an urban setting, where several potential sources exist, it is not always easy to determine the origin of contamination. Contamination can affect pipe materials, seep through pipe walls, and impact water quality. Effects may occur at concentrations lower than current Alberta Environment guidelines. More stringent criteria may be needed, but limited scientific understanding of contaminant-soil interactions hampers their development

Report on Environmental Performance

4.4 PESTICIDES CLASSIFICATION Continue To Meet Current Standards STRATEGIC DIRECTION Continue To Minimise Exposure To Pesticides

ntroduction

The use of pesticides (including herbicides and insecticides) may damage non-target species. Edmonton has policies and procedures for pesticide use on City lands to protect the public, employees and the environment. The federal and provincial governments enforce regulatory requirements for municipal and commercial applications. Edmonton uses an integrated approach to pest management that supports environmentally responsible targeted use of chemicals. Where pesticides are the only available tools, they are used in strict accordance with Health Canada's rules and are applied by trained, licensed personnel.

trategic Framework

Objective: To protect the community and environment from impacts related to pesticide use.

Key Strategies: 4.4.1 Follow approved pesticide application standards and procedures. 4.4.2 Evaluate and update pesticide application standards as required. 4.4.3 Partner in education and awareness initiatives on proper handling and application of pesticides and available alternatives to pesticide application. 4.4.4 Monitor overall trends in pesticide usage.

trategic Initiatives

The use of pesticides includes herbicides for control of noxious weeds, broadleaf weeds and broad spectrum vegetation control, and insecticides for control of mosquitoes, satin month, wasps/bees, yellowheaded spruce sawfly, spruce budworm, forest tent caterpillar, aphids, and rodent control.

The City's weed control standards were approved in 1997 based on recommendations of the Broadleaf Weed Control Committee. Strict safety precautions, including signage at treatment sites, are taken, when applying pesticides to City property.

Drainage Services uses Reglone A to control aquatic weed and algae growth in stormwater management ponds. Use is minimised and the herbicide is applied by licensed City employees. Drainage Services also uses Sanafoam Vaporooter, to control tree roots in sewers. In 2002, 460 litres for Reglone A, 442 litres for Reward, 107 US gallons of Aquashade, 608 litres of Sanafoam Vaporooter and 1.3 kg of potassium permanganate were applied.

Three programs are available to Edmontonians to have green spaces maintained without the use of pesticides. â&#x20AC;˘ The Medical Alert Pesticide Program (MAPP) for individuals who have medical sensitivities to pesticides. â&#x20AC;˘ The Herbicide Exemption Request Program (HERP) offers the option of discontinuing chemical trimming along fence lines and obstacles abutting city property. â&#x20AC;˘ The Petition Program allows citizens to eliminate pesticide use from specific,

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city inventory by petition after 66% of residents living next to or across from a site sign the petition. 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

MAPP

HERP

37 39 32 46 46 46 61

15 18 23 24 25 31 32

Petitioned Sites 6 6 11 11 12 14 14

On May 1, 2003, the Community Services Department received the final report of the Pesticide Advisory Committee (PAC). The report contains its advice to the City. The Committee considered data regarding pesticide use on City, private and public lands and reviewed pesticide reduction strategies, with a focus on cosmetic pesticides used on turf, trees, shrubs and garden applications.

non-statutory public hearing on September 18, 2003. The City will monitor its use of pesticides following guidelines that reduce pollution and contamination, and will continue to explore non-chemical solutions to weeds and insects.

erformance Measures

p The City's herbicide program aims to provide effective weed control using the smallest amount of herbicide required. One measure of performance is the portion of land maintained by the City that is sprayed. The proportion has declined over the past 4 years. Turf Hectares Sprayed vs. Turf Hectares Maintained 5000

The Committee's final report provides consensus agreement to a number of recommendations as well as non-consensus information and recommendations. The options provided require further study to determine budget and legal implications. For the 2003 summer season, the City will continue to turf, tree and horticultural maintenance activities within the guidelines provided by the Broadleaf Weed Advisory Committee and the City's integrated pest management practices.

uture Initiatives

The Community Services Department is preparing an administrative response to the Pesticide Advisory Committee's report for a

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4000

707 3739 3821 3884 4071

4395 4361

3000 2000 1000 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Emerging

Issues and Key Challenges

Health impacts of chronic exposure to pesticides are becoming better understood. There is increasing concern about pesticide use in populated areas. Monitoring pesticide use by private and residential applicators is a challenge. Recent information from the Alberta Department of Environment indicates that there is significantly more application of pesticides by City residents than by the City.

Report on Environmental Performance

4.5 NOISE CLASSIFICATION Continue To Meet Current Standards STRATEGIC DIRECTION Continue To Mitigate and Reduce Exposure To Excessive Noise

ntroduction

Edmontonians often express concern about ongoing exposure to noise, particularly traffic-related noise. Noise issues are addressed through the City's Urban Traffic Noise Policy (UTNP, 1983) and the City Noise Bylaw #7255 (1994). The UTNP defines threshold levels above which noise attenuation should be considered (currently 70 dBA, with an objective of achieving less than 65 dBA), as well as appropriate measures to mitigate or reduce exposure to excessive noise. The City's Transportation Master Plan, approved by Council in 1999, provides direction to continue to apply the UTNP to fulfil Strategic Goal D: "Mitigate the Community Impacts of the Transportation System." Currently, the noise attenuation program is considered annually in the Capital Budget, but continues to be unfunded until 2006. To date, noise measurements have not identified any locations in the City of Edmonton that exceed the 70-dBA noise threshold.

trategic Framework

Objective: To reduce negative impacts of noise.

Key Strategies: 4.5.1 Provide an ongoing funding commitment for construction of the noise attenuation program.

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4.5.2 Increase noise monitoring to raise awareness of noise control options in the community.

trategic Initiatives Transportation and Streets is implementing Policy D-2 of the Transportation Master Plan to "update and apply the Urban Traffic Noise Policy." The principal objective of the City of Edmonton's Urban Traffic Noise Policy (UTNP, 1983) is to reduce the amount of residential land adversely affected by traffic noise. The policy sets out noise level standards for properties adjacent to new or upgraded transportation facilities, for new residential developments, and for residential sites adjacent to existing transportation corridors. The UTNP also outlines funding responsibilities for the provision of noise attenuation to meet the defined standards. Updating noise measurements at key locations in the City is complete, and research into the noise policies and threshold levels of other Canadian jurisdictions has been undertaken. Revisions to the UTNP are underway. The Complaints and Investigations Section of the Development and Compliance Branch (Planning and Development Department) enforces the City of Edmonton's Noise Bylaw #7255 (1994). The Development and Compliance Branch develops strategies to increase monitoring of noise and raise community awareness regarding the impacts

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of noise and the options available to the community to control noise.

Noise attenuation measures for residential developments adjacent to existing transportation facilities are eligible for Provincial cost-sharing only in conjunction with facility enhancement (arterial roadway upgrading or rehabilitation). All capital costs associated with retrofit noise attenuation that do not meet the Provincial criteria for cost sharing must be borne through the City tax levy.

uture Initiatives

Ongoing funding for noise attenuation adjacent to existing transportation facilities will be supported in the City's Capital Budget process on the basis of an updated noise policy. Based on currently approved Plans, capital funding for the Noise Attenuation Program commences in 2006 with $300,000 and about $250,000 in 2007. The amount dedicated to the program will need to increase in order to undertake any project that is not staged over several years. Revision of the UTNP is expected to be completed and forwarded for Council approval by the fall of 2003.

erformance Measures

The number of kilometres of noise attenuation constructed has been established as an appropriate measure of performance. It is estimated that in 2001 the City of Edmonton had 35 km of noise "walls" constructed along major transportation corridors. This estimate will be reviewed and revised as part of the review of the City's Urban Traffic Noise Policy.

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merging Issues and Key Challenges

Land use and transportation initiatives to address objectives of the topic "Sustainable Urban Form" may lead to residential intensification adjacent to major transportation corridors, increasing the exposure of residents to traffic-related noise. If consideration is not given to noise levels during the planning stages of intensification, noise mitigation may be difficult or costly to achieve Railway noise mitigation, while not under the direct jurisdiction of the City of Edmonton, continues to be an issue for Edmontonians, and must be dealt with as the City considers proposals for development and redevelopment opportunities adjacent to rail corridors.

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4.6 LIGHT POLLUTION CLASSIFICATION Monitor Environmental Situation STRATEGIC DIRECTION Monitor And Assess Situation Regarding Light Pollution

ntroduction

Light pollution is excessive or unnecessary outdoor lighting. It includes sky glow, light trespass and glare. Sky glow is the "composite illumination" of the sky from developed areas. Light trespass is the spillage of light onto another property or stray light that becomes a nuisance. Glare is direct light shining from a fixture that makes it difficult to see or causes discomfort. When we project light into the sky or a neighbour's property, some of the light we are paying for escapes without doing the job we want it to do. By using light more effectively, we can use less power, save money, and reduce the amount of greenhouse gases we produce. Light pollution may come from streetlights; area lighting on car lots, sports fields, tennis courts; advertising lighting; industrial lighting including security, storage and outdoor workspace lighting; homes; and any place where excess lighting is used or lights shine unnecessarily into the sky. The few known concerns raised by Edmontonians are dealt with on a case-bycase basis. Most relate to security issues (usually a request for more lighting), not light pollution.

Key Strategies: None given in the Environmental Strategic Plan.

trategic Initiatives The City of Edmonton uses criteria set out by the Road and Transportation Association of Canada (RTAC) for street lighting. Outdoor lighting for any development is controlled by requirements in the City's Zoning Bylaw (12800). The Office of the Environment maintains an awareness of light pollution issues and concerns in Edmonton and other jurisdictions.

uture Initiatives

The Office of the Environment will maintain an awareness of concerns related to light pollution and will develop a strategy for tracking concerns and emerging issues.

erformance Measures

trategic Framework

Objective: None given in the Environmental Strategic Plan.

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The City proposes tracking the number and types of complaints received by the City of Edmonton regarding light pollution. An information system to gather the necessary data will be investigated.

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merging Issues and Key Challenges

Overly bright outdoor lighting may be deemed intrusive. Some people complain about excessive urban lighting as the cause of stars not being visible from within the city. In addition, light pollution may represent wasted energy and excess light may affect biological life, most notably

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migratory birds and insects, which may be attracted to light sources from considerable distances. Opportunities to reduce light pollution and conserve energy are being considered in new and replacement street lighting and should be considered in development approvals.

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.7 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS 1

CLASSIFICATION Monitor Environmental Situation STRATEGIC DIRECTION Continue Monitoring And Assessment Of Information Related To Electric And Magnetic Fields ntroduction

Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) are invisible lines of forces that surround electrical devices. These fields are created by electrical charges and are produced during the generation, transmission, and use of electricity at sources including power lines, electrical wiring, electrical equipment, and transformers. Charges produce two kinds of fields; electric fields, which result from the strength of the charge; and magnetic fields, which result from the motion of the charge. Alternating current (AC) fields create weak electric currents in the bodies of people and animals. Research on the biological effects of exposure to these extremely low-frequency EMFs has been underway for more than two decades; however, to date there is no clear evidence that EMFs, at the levels normally experienced, are responsible for deleterious health effects.

trategic Framework

Objective: None given in the Environmental Strategic Plan. Key Strategies: None given in the Environmental Strategic Plan.

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trategic Initiatives

The Office of the Environment maintains an awareness of issues and concerns in Edmonton and other jurisdictions.

uture Initiatives

The Office of the Environment will bring emerging issues to the attention of City administrators.

erformance Measures

None determined.

merging Issues and Key Challenges

Although there is no conclusive evidence from research or epidemiological studies that EMFs are a health risk in residential or occupational environments, the research holds out a possibility of a weak risk. Researchers now are considering the issue of exposure to electric and magnetic fields from cell phones along with exposure from electrical devices in assessing the potential impacts of exposure to EMI's.

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4.8 ACID RAIN CLASSIFICATION Monitor Environmental Situation STRATEGIC DIRECTION Monitor And Assess Situation Regarding Acid Deposition ntroduction

IAcid deposition (acid rain) includes both wet and dry deposition. It results from emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitric and nitrous oxides (NO) and their return to earth. Acid deposition can result from local emissions or be due to emissions carried by winds from distant sources. Some emissions combine with water in the air, making rain and snow more acidic; hence, "acid rain", "wet deposition" or "acidic deposition". Deposition of fme particles containing sulphur and nitrogen, or exchange of gases from air to surfaces are acid deposition known as "dry deposition".

CASA, monitors work related to emissions of acid-forming precursors for issues relevant to the City.

uture Initiatives

FThe Office of the Environment will conduct an assessment of issues for Edmonton related to acid deposition. The Office of the Environment will prepare, as needed, information updates on acid rain for inclusion on the City's web site.

erformance Measures

p Acid deposition is thought not to be a problem in Edmonton and trends for releases of acid-forming emissions are declining. The Clean Air Strategic Alliance (CASA) and Alberta Environment continue work on acid deposition, especially in NE Alberta.

trategic Framework

SObjective:

None given in the Environmental Strategic Plan. Key Strategies: None given in the Environmental Strategic Plan.

None determined.

Emerging Issues and Key Challenges Acid deposition can cause problems for aquatic life, soils and vegetation. It can damage property and affect the respiratory system, especially in the young, the old, and those with weakened immune systems. Alberta Environment has not updated the inventory of emissions for the Edmonton area since 1982. Current work on an updated inventory and the Office of the Environment's assessment of acid rain issues may indicate concerns that require attention.

trategic Initiatives The Office of the Environment, through

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