Edmonton (Alta.) - 2001-2004 - Report on environmental performance, 2004 (2004-03) by Edmonton Tower Resource Centre Online Library

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Edmonton. Office of the Environment 3RD REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE

3rd REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE CITY OF EDMONTON

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Key Achievements in 2003 During 2003, The City of Edmonton implemented many environmental initiatives including the following: •

A governance model for the Office of the Conservation Coordinator was approved and a Natural Areas Advisory Committee was formed to advise the City's administration on matters related to implementation of Policy C-467, Conservation of Natural Areas in Edmonton's Table Lands. An inventory of conserved natural areas in Edmonton's table lands was completed.

•

Phase Two of the urban land intensification study, Smart Choices for Developing Our Community, developed fundamentals and principles for making Edmonton a good place to live. Nine ideas were presented in a Catalogue of Ideas and at the Smart Choices Showcase of Ideas for citizen and stakeholder comment.

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The Transportation and Streets Department initiated a High Speed Transit Corridor Strategic Plan to develop strategies to extend high-speed transit from the center of Edmonton to the north and northwest, southeast and west.

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The borrowing capacity of the Energy Management Revolving Fund was increased to $30 million and the fund was expanded to include other City facilities and operations as well as full-building retrofits.

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A Land Drainage Utility was created to help the City fund drainage and environmental projects related to drainage services.

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Upgrading of the quality of air filtration to office environments and duct cleaning was completed for the majority of City-owned space.

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Edmonton is participating in a provincial vehicle scrappage project launched by Climate Change Central. Edmonton Transit provided 250 six-month transit passes in support of the project.

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Following a non-statutory public hearing on the use of pesticides, City Council directed the administration to develop an Integrated Pest Management Policy to reduce or eliminate the City's use of pesticides. Council also directed administration to prepare a framework for an education program that would encourage homeowners, consumers at the point of purchase, and commercial applicators to reduce their use of pesticides.

March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

ii March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

Overview of the Environmental Topics The 31-d Report on Environmental Performance provides an update on implementation of the City of Edmonton's Environmental Strategic Plan 1999. The report summarizes the City's environmental activities and provides highlights of the City's actions to achieve its Environmental Mission and Vision. By being better informed about the City's approach to environmental issues, Edmontonians can assist the City in making choices on future environmental initiatives. In 1991 City Council adopted the following environmental mission statement, reaffirmed by City Council in 1999. The City of Edmonton is committed to conscientious and responsible environmental management, practices and stewardship in all aspects of its corporate activities.

Plan Edmonton, Edmonton's Municipal Development Plan, establishes the corporate framework for development of the Environmental Strategic Plan, passed by City Council in 1999. The Environmental Strategic Plan 1999 Policy Document defines overall strategic direction for The City of Edmonton and presents the City's Environmental Vision as follows. Environment Is Our Foundation Edmontonians sustain and enhance their environment for present and future citizens, in harmony with the global community. Edmonton's approach to environmental management integrates the environmental mission statement and principles into City operations, ensures that policies, procedures and practices address environmental regulations and issues, and provides direction for incorporating and coordinating environmental functions in departmental operations. Environmental Topics The Environmental Strategic Plan identifies nineteen environmental topics under three major categories: conservation, environmental receptors and environmental stressors. Environmental areas are linked and actions may affect more than one topic area (Table 1). The following sections present highlights from the main report, which follows. The topic numbers and objectives are those used in Edmonton's Environmental Strategic Plan 1999. 2.1 Climate Change

Objective:

To reduce Edmonton's contribution to climate change and support government commitments.

Atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations are considered a major influence on global warming and climate change. Since 1995 Edmonton has had a commitment to the national Voluntary Challenge and Registry. The City also is a founding member of the Federation of Canadian Municipalities' (FCM) Partners for Climate Protection Program. In 1999 Edmonton developed a plan to reduce GHG emissions from City operations by 16% from 1990 levels by 2010. Since then stakeholders have developed a community-wide approach to reducing emissions within Edmonton. The plan, Edmonton's Community-wide Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction and Energy Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Strategy Document, was endorsed by City Council late in 2001. For Edmonton to address the climate change issue in a significant way, all key sectors of the community need to be involved and financial support from the federal and Alberta governments is needed. III

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3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

Emission levels from City operations increased from the 1990 baseline of 343,000 tonnes CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent) to 380,000 tonnes in 2001. The increase was due mainly to increased demand for municipal services. While strides have been made to reduce emission increases projected under a "business-as-usual" scenario, continued and increased efforts to implement the City operations plan will be required in order to meet the City's GHG emissions reduction targets. 2.2 Natural Heritage Objective:

To minimize the loss of natural heritage, specifically biodiversity and natural areas.

Natural heritage includes plants, animals, geology, landforms, natural beauty and amenity. Preservation and enhancement of the natural environment and open spaces is a Plan Edmonton priority. Policy C-467, Conservation of Natural Areas in Edmonton's Table Lands, continues to be implemented and an inventory of conserved natural areas was completed in 2003. To date 17 natural areas covering 171.8 hectares have been conserved with City ownership or private conservancy or are designated for conservation. In 2004, work will continue on an Urban Parks Management Plan, which will provide a focus on natural areas as part of the City's park system. A Natural Area Management Plan Guidebook, Constructed Wetlands Standards and the Top of Bank Policy will be finalized in 2004. The goal of acquiring natural areas in Edmonton continues to face significant challenges with respect to fmancing. The City will continue to look for opportunities to acquire natural sites using the Natural Area Reserve Fund. 2.3 Sustainable Urban Form Objective:

To provide a balanced approach to urban development and renewal while conserving resources for future generations.

Striking a balance between intensification of land use and community concerns is an ongoing challenge. City policies and procedures consider infrastructure costs and capacities, urban design, compatibility of uses, transportation, access to parks, natural areas, pipelines, utility corridors and conserving resources in making planning recommendations to City Council. The Transportation and Streets Department ensures that new development promotes good access to transit service and includes effective pedestrian and cyclist access to local amenities. Publication of Edmonton's Intensification Audit concluded Phase One of the Urban Land Intensification Strategy project. In Phase Two, Smart Choices for Developing Our Community, nine ideas were presented in a "Catalogue of Ideas" and at the Smart Choices Showcase of Ideas (June 2003). A report to City Council in early 2004 will ask if Council wishes to fund the preparation of implementation strategies for these ideas. As a follow up to the "Strategies for Urban Sustainability Conference", September 2003, City Council is embarking on a process in 2004 to develop its Vision and Principles for Sustainable Urban Growth. In 2003, the ratio of single-family to multi-family housing units in new suburban areas was 63:37 as compared to 65:35 in 2002. In 2003, the annual ridership per capita on Edmonton Transit was 67.04 rides per person compared to 65.72 in 2002. 2.4 Agricultural Lands Objective:

To avoid premature loss of agricultural lands.

As built-up areas of Edmonton expand, agricultural land is converted to urban uses. Premature development of agricultural lands could lead to fragmented urban land use patterns, inefficient use of scarce infrastructure resources, and community conflict. In 1996 the City reconfirmed its 1990 policy to preserve agricultural land until needed for urban development.

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3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

The Planning and Development Department reviews rezoning and plan applications for conformity with Plan Edmonton's policies. The total Agricultural Area identified in the Municipal Development Plan in 2002 was 10100 hectares. Between 1997 and 2002, 125.7 hectares of land were subdivided out of the agricultural area and 114 subdivision lots were registered â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 80 of these in one 26-hectare subdivision. 2.5 Waste Management Objective:

Reduce environmental impacts of waste generation and disposal.

Edmonton is the largest Canadian urban centre to achieve 50% diversion of waste from landfill by the year 2000. Key components of Edmonton's Waste Management Centre are in place, including the Materials Recovery Facility (recycling plant) and the Compost Facility. Between 1998 and 2002, the amount of residential waste diverted from landfill increased from 14% to 58%. With the City-controlled residential waste stream managed effectively, efforts will focus on electronics and metal waste, construction and demolition waste, and evaluation of innovative uses for materials currently classified as "residual" after processing in the recycling and composting facilities. In 2002, more than 28,000 tonnes of material were collected through community recycling depots and a blue-bin recycling program at multi-family complexes. In 2003 to 2004, the Waste Management Strategic Plan will be updated, new technologies, such as gasification to further increase waste diversion from landfill, will be assessed, and business opportunities explored to increase revenue. 2.6 Energy Management Objective:

To conserve non-renewable energy resources.

Deregulation and supply constraints have made energy management a high profile topic and the City's efforts in energy management have received increased attention. Edmonton's Office of Energy Management (OEM) was established in October 2000 and, in the Canadian municipal context, is an advanced approach to integrated energy management. In 1994, the City initiated a $1 million energy management revolving fund (EMRF) to allow testing of energy-saving technologies in buildings. In 1999, the fund was increased to a borrowing capacity of $5 million with a new focus on full-building retrofits. In 2003, the fund was increased to a borrowing capacity of $30 million and expanded to include other city facilities. In 2001, Edmonton launched the Fuel Sense Program. To date more than 700 municipal operators have been trained through the program. The group averages a 12% efficiency gain and individually can achieve savings as high as 40%. Fuel consumption by the municipal fleet in 2001 was 205,000 litres less compared to the expected consumption before the program was implemented. 3.1 Drinking Water Objective:

To ensure a continuing safe and abundant supply of potable water

Edmonton's drinking water meets or surpasses all requirements mandated by the waterworks operating approval issued by Alberta Environment and all current Canadian Drinking Water Quality Guidelines. To surpass approval requirements, EPCOR continues to support a multi-barrier approach to water treatment, which includes a source water protection program and UV disinfection. EPCOR continues to support North Saskatchewan Watershed Alliance initiatives such as the State of the Watershed Report. The report will be a resource for officials and the public to make more informed watershed management decisions. Following completion of this report, the NSWA will undertake an Integrated Watershed Management Plan.

March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

Since 2002, E.L. Smith Water Treatment Plant has had an ultraviolet (UV) disinfection system. The Rossdale water treatment plant will have one installed by mid-2005. UV disinfection systems add a 99.9% reduction (inactivation) of protozoa and other organisms to the microbial reduction capabilities of the plants. 3.2 Surface Water Objective:

To ensure the quality of surface water is suitable for a diversity of compatible uses and that its ecological value is maintained.

Edmonton meets and surpasses requirements in its approvals to operate by wide margins. City bylaws and enforcement efforts control industrial and commercial discharges to its sewer system. In 2001 - 2002, Alberta Environment has rated water quality in the North Saskatchewan River upstream of Edmonton as "excellent" and downstream as "good" based on the Alberta Surface Water Quality Index. A Land Drainage Utility has been established to help fund drainage and environmental projects. Several water quality studies are underway including studies on ammonia reduction feasibility and improvements to water quality in stormwater ponds and lakes. Improvements to surface water quality include upgrades to the Gold Bar Wastewater Treatment Plant including a Biological Nutrient Removal process, ultraviolet disinfection to reduce levels of bacteria discharged to the river, and an Enhanced Primary Treatment project to capture and treat wet-weather combined sewer overflows. Drainage Services is committed to implementing an ISO 14001 Environmental Management System with registration expected in 2004. A Stormwater Quality Strategy is being developed to address land use issues and storm runoff. 3.3 Indoor Air Objective:

To ensure appropriate indoor air quality to avoid negative impacts on health and quality of life.

Poor indoor air quality may affect comfort, cause irritation, and affect workplace productivity and morale. Edmonton's inventory of buildings includes a wide range of building types; each must be managed individually. The City is committed to maintaining a healthy indoor environment for its employees and the public who use City facilities. The City's amended Smoking Bylaw was an important initiative in improving indoor air quality. Asset Management and Public Works ensures that new City-owned or leased facilities are constructed to building code standards. The Department will develop procedures for monitoring and reporting on indoor air quality in City-owned or leased facilities and create a database for identifying and addressing potential problems and will continue to upgrade City-owned facilities to maintain or improve air quality. The detection and treatment of mould in facilities is a developing issue. A pilot project is being considered to determine if a more comprehensive inspection program is required. 3.4 Ambient Air Objective:

To ensure that the quality of outdoor air does not impair health and quality of life.

Edmonton generally has good quality ambient air. For the year 2003, air quality, as measured by the Air Quality Index was "good" more than 99% of the time at one of three stations in Edmonton, and 96.5% and 95.6% of the time at the other two. The occasional conditions of "fair" air quality were due mainly to exceedences in ground-level ozone and particulates. Through its participation on the Clean Air Strategic Alliance's Particulate Matter (PM) and Ozone Working Group, the Vehicle Emissions Team, and the Electricity Project Team, the City ensures consideration of vi March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

Edmonton's interests in ambient air issues. The City, in partnership with Alberta Environment, is developing a comprehensive plan to address ambient air quality. The City is replacing the existing transit fleet with newer, cleaner technology that produces fewer emissions. In 2003, 135 complaints were received by the 'Odour Hotline'. Forty were attributed to the Gold Bar Waste Water Treatment Plant, eighty-two likely caused by emissions from the Edmonton Waste Management Centre or adjacent industrial facilities, and thirteen attributed to other sources. 3.5 Ozone Layer

Objective:

To reduce Edmonton's contribution to the depletion of the ozone layer.

Ozone in the stratosphere shields the earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. Thinning of stratospheric ozone results in more UV rays reaching the earth's surface. Increased exposure to UV rays is associated with sunburn, skin cancer, weakening of the immune system, and ailments such as cataracts. The City continues to reduce its use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in air conditioning and refrigeration systems and eliminated its complete R-11 inventory. The City has replaced all hand-held, halon fire extinguishers under its control and maintenance. It also recycles CFCs from refrigerators and air conditioners accepted at Clover Bar Landfill and the City's two Eco Stations. The City will update its inventory of ozone depleting substances (ODS) and halon, and ensure that maintenance staff understand Alberta's Ozone-Depleting Substances Regulation and the City's approach to managing ODS. 4.1 Industrial Releases

Objective:

To protect the community and the physical environment from industrial releases.

Edmonton and the neighboring region is the largest chemical and petrochemical-producing center in Canada. Production in the region increased between 10% and 50% each year during the last 5 years. Industrial releases may create concern among the public and require responses from emergency services, industry and regulatory authorities. The City's Emergency Response Department (ERD) has a highly trained Dangerous Goods Response Team to deal with chemical spills. ERD annually inspects industrial facilities to monitor compliance for safe storage of hazardous chemicals. Over the past 5 years, annual inspections ranged between 13,000 and 15,000 per year. There were 385 high hazard inspections in 2001, and 310 inspections of fuel dispensers with underground storage tanks. In 2002, ERD responded to 2879 dangerous goods spills, 414 of which were serious in nature. In 2002, the City reported 84 releases to Alberta Environment, 58 were City incidents, 26 from other sources. 4.2 Hazardous Materials

Objective:

To protect the community and the environment from harmful impacts related to the storage, transportation, use and disposal of hazardous materials.

Transportation, disposal and potential unplanned releases of hazardous and biomedical wastes create public concern about effects to life, property and the environment. The City operates a pesticide container depot at the Clover Bar Landfill and two Eco Stations that collected 4,111 drums of household hazardous materials in 2002. The Transportation and Streets Department and ERD's system of Dangerous Goods Routes manages the movement of hazardous materials on City streets. Implementation of Emergency Response Plans reduces exposure to hazardous material and the ERD has a highly trained and well-equipped Dangerous Goods Response Team to deal with chemical emergencies. ERD is implementing a computer-based record keeping system for information related to inventories of chemicals at industrial sites.

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3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

4.3 Contaminated Lands Objective:

To protect the community and physical environment from impacts related to the contamination of land.

The City, through its development approval process, requires action for certain planning applications to make contaminated land suitable for its intended use. Edmonton also has a Release Reporting Policy to ensure corporate actions are responsible and diligent, and has received funding to clean up selected orphaned sites for which the City has taken ownership. This commitment to contaminated sites will continue in 2004 as City Council will reexamine a pilot program that would not only provide an incentive to clean up privately-owned contaminated sites but also create a consolidated contaminated sites inventory. To date, lack of supportive Federal and Provincial programs and budgetary limitations have hampered implementation of the pilot program. Various City departments review reports related to site contamination to ensure that rezoning and transfers of contaminated lands are dealt with appropriately and to prevent the City from acquiring contaminated land. A City working group is developing procedures for sharing information on contaminated sites, addressing issues of confidentiality, and developing an overall approach for dealing with contaminated sites. 4.4 Pesticides Objective:

To protect the community and environment from impacts related to pesticide use.

The City has policies and procedures for the use of herbicides and insecticides on City lands to protect the public, employees and environmental health. Strict safety precautions are taken, including signage, and City employees applying pesticides are licensed pesticide applicators. The objective of the City's herbicide program is to provide effective weed control using the smallest amount of herbicide. Over the past three years, the area sprayed has dropped significantly. Three exemption programs are available to have green spaces maintained without the use of pesticides; and petitioned exemptions have increased over the past 5 years. In 2003, 63 sites were exempted under the Medical Alert Pesticide Program (MAPP); 34 sites under the Herbicide Exemption Request Program (HERP); and 15 areas under the Petition Program. Community Services Department received the fmal report of the Pesticide Advisory Committee (PAC) and submitted an administrative response to City Council. Following a public hearing, City Council directed Community Services to develop an Integrated Pest Management Policy (IPM) to reduce or eliminate the City's use of pesticides and a social marketing framework for public education encouraging an integrated pest management approach to pest control. 4.5 Noise Objective:

To reduce negative impacts of noise.

Exposure to excessive noise negatively impacts quality of life and may lead to health risks. Noise issues are addressed through the City's Urban Traffic Noise Policy (UTNP, 1983) and Noise Bylaw #7255 (1994). The policy set noise level standards for properties adjacent to new or upgraded transportation facilities, for new residential developments, and for residential sites adjacent to existing transportation corridors. Transportation and Streets is updating the Urban Traffic Noise Policy. Noise measurements at key locations in the City are complete, and research into the noise policies and threshold levels of other Canadian jurisdictions has been done. A draft of the revised "Urban Traffic Noise Guidelines" is being reviewed. The draft revised Guidelines will be forwarded for City Council approval in the spring of 2004.

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3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

The City of Edmonton has an estimated 35 kilometres of noise "walls" constructed along major transportation corridors. 4.6 Light Pollution

Objective:

To alert the City to potential concerns related to light pollution.

Light pollution - excessive or unnecessary light - may occur indoors or outdoors. Indoor lighting may cause irritation and possible other negative health effects. Overly bright outdoor lighting, such as signs and security lighting, may be deemed intrusive. The few concerns raised by Edmontonians are dealt with on a case-by-case basis. The City promotes the use of cut-off and full cut-off optics for roadway illumination and house-side shields for some decorative installations and requires all new street light installations and maintenance replacements to have an ingress protection of 66(IP66) to eliminate light output reducing contaminants. The Office of the Environment will continue to maintain an awareness of concerns related to light pollution. 4.7 Electric and Magnetic Fields

Objective:

To alert the City to potential concerns related to electric and magnetic fields.

Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) are invisible lines of forces that surround electrical devices. Alternating current fields create weak electric currents in the bodies of people and animals. Scientists continue to investigate links between alleged effects and exposure; however, there is no clear evidence that EMFs, at the levels normally experienced, are responsible for deleterious health effects. The Office of the Environment maintains awareness of issues in Edmonton and other jurisdictions. 4.8 Acid Rain

Objective:

To alert the City to potential concerns related to acid deposition.

The term "acid deposition" takes into account both wet and dry conditions. Acid deposition results from emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitric and nitrous oxides and their subsequent return to earth. Acid deposition, by increasing acidity in soils and water, can cause problems for aquatic life, soils and vegetation. It can damage property and affect the respiratory system, especially in the young and the old, and those with weakened immune systems. Acid deposition is thought not to be a problem in Edmonton and releases of acid-forming emissions are declining. The Office of the Environment, through the Clean Air Strategic Alliance, monitors for issues relevant to the City.

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3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

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3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

Table Of Contents ICEY ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2003

OVERVIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL TOPICS

III

REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE

THE ENVIRONMENTAL TOPICS

2.1 CLIMATE CHANGE

2.2 NATURAL HERITAGE

2.3 SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORM

2.4 AGRICULTURAL LANDS

2.5 WASTE MANAGEMENT

2.6 ENERGY MANAGEMENT

3.1 DRINKING WATER

3.2 SURFACE WATER

3.3 INDOOR AIR

3.4 AMBIENT AIR

3.5 OZONE LAYER

4.1 INDUSTRIAL RELEASES

4.2 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

4.3 CONTAMINATED LANDS

4.4 PESTICIDES

4.5 NOISE

4.6 LIGHT POLLUTION

4.7 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS

4.8 ACID RAIN

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3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

xii March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

Report on Environmental Performance Environmental Mission In 1991, Edmonton's City Council adopted the following environmental mission statement, which was reaffirmed by City Council in 1999. The City of Edmonton is committed to conscientious and responsible environmental management, practices and stewardship in all aspects of its corporate activities.

We affirm: • the responsibility we share with the public, industry and other levels of government for environmental well-being; • the responsibility we have to demonstrate leadership as a municipal corporation in fostering responsible behaviour for the well-being of the environment; • the responsibility we have to include environmental matters as important criteria in our decision making process; • the responsibility we have towards development that does not impair the well-being of present and future generations; • the responsibility we have to ensure that environmental solutions are delivered in a practical and fiscally responsible manner.

Environmental Strategic Plan Edmonton's Environmental Strategic Plan 1999 Policy Document was approved by City Council on July 20, 1999. The Policy Document defines overall strategic direction for the City and identifies nineteen Environmental Topics (Figure 1) classified in the following categories: • Enhance existing environmental performance • Continue to meet current standards • Monitor environmental situation The Environmental Strategic Plan is a framework for deriving balanced solutions to environmental issues, while acknowledging financial, legal, political and regulatory implications. The Environmental Strategic Plan addresses: • "Where do we want to be?" Vision, desired outcomes, principles, key result areas. • "How do we get there?" Strategic direction, key strategies, initiatives, targets. • "Where are we now?" Indices, indicators, trends. • "How will we know we are on track?" Monitoring, reporting, projections.

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3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

( ......c-NHANCE ---s............\\ PERFORMANCE Climate Change Natural Heritage Sustainable Urban Form Waste Management Energy Management Surface Water Indoor Air Quality Ambient Air Contaminated Lands

CONTINUE TO MEET CURRENT STANDARDS Agricultural Lands Drinking Water Ozone Layer Industrial Releases Hazardous Materials Pesticides Noise

MONITOR ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION Light Pollution Electric &Magnetic Fields Acid Deposition

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Figure 1: Environmental Strategic Plan Topics The Environmental Strategic Plan is one step in a process of development and improvement in environmental areas affecting the City of Edmonton. The plan is a dynamic document. It does not prescribe timeframes, but presents strategic direction for City operations. It recognizes that several kinds of actions are possible and that the City may exert its influence to affect change in more than one way: • Direct control of City Operations by the city administration under the direction of the City Manager and Council. • Regulation of community activities through plans, policies, bylaws and agreements approved by City Council. • Influencing the community through leadership, advice, and partnerships, and through other agencies. Actions the City takes and the City's sphere of influence may change. Many environmental areas are linked (Table 1) and it is important to recognize that actions to address one topic may affect — positively or negatively — environmental objectives in other areas. With careful planning and collaboration, environmental, social and economic benefits may be enhanced. The classification of a topic - an indication of priority.. also may change as our understanding of environmental stressors and receptors improves, as environmental legislation and policy change, or as initiatives and systems are implemented to improve the City's environmental performance. For any topic, there are many initiatives underway: there also may be areas where improvement is needed. The .rd Report on Environmental Performance summarizes the City of Edmonton's environmental activities in the context of the strategic directions stated in the Environmental Strategic Plan. The topic numbers refer to the numbers in Edmonton's Environmental Strategic Plan 1999. The topics beginning with "2" are the "conservation" topics. Those beginning with "3" are "environmental receptor" topics and those beginning with "4" are "environmental stressor" topics. The 3r1 Report on Environmental Performance provides a snapshot of progress on each topic and an opportunity for the reader to learn what the City is doing to achieve the City's Environmental Mission, Vision and strategic direction.

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3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

Climate Change

Natural Heritage

Acid Rain

Fields

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Ele ctric &Magnetic

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Light Po llution

ContaminatedLands

Hazardous Materials

IndustrialReleases

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Ozone Layer

Amb ient Air

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Surface Water

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Drinking Water

Waste Management

Agricultural Lands

Sustaina ble Urban

Form

NaturalHeritage

Climate Change

Table 1: Major Links among Environmental Strategic Plan Topics *

Sustainable Urban Form

Agricultural Lands Waste Management

Energy Management

Drinking Water Surface Water

Indoor Air Ambient Air

Ozone Layer Industrial Releases

Hazardous Materials

Contaminated Lands Pesticides

Noise Light Pollution

Electric & Magnetic Fields

Acid Rain

* The rows indicate where actions may have a significant impact on other topics. The columns indicate where a topic may be significantly affected by initiatives in other topic areas.

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3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

Edmonton's Environmental Vision The City of Edmonton's Environmental Vision is stated in the Environmental Strategic Plan.

ENVIRONMENT IS OUR FOUNDATION Edmontonians sustain and enhance their environment for present and future citizens, in harmony with the global community. The following principles guide Edmonton's environmental planning and activities: Quality Assurance The environment is the foundation of our quality of life, health, and long-term prosperity. Citizens of Edmonton have the right to an environment adequate for their health and well being. Shared Responsibility Individually and collectively, Edmontonians share responsibility for the protection, conservation and enhancement of the environment for present and future generations. Edmontonians are accountable for individual and collective action and for failure to take action. Regional Cooperation Environmental issues often span geographical and administrative boundaries. Effective management of such issues requires the joint actions of individuals, communities, businesses, and the City of Edmonton - all working in collaboration with each other and with individuals or organizations beyond our boundaries. Continual Improvement We are committed to ensuring a consistent and high level of environmental quality through costeffective, sound environmental practices that allow for continued improvement. Monitoring of outcomes and feedback are essential to continual improvement. Integrated Approach Concerns regarding the environment are not separate from other areas of decision-making and planning. Decisions regarding economics, infrastructure and community are all, in some way, dependent on the environment and have potential impacts on it. Participatory Decision-making Decision-making processes must be informed, participatory, transparent, fair and timely. Decisionmakers must both seek and share relevant information in planning and managing resources, considering both short- and long-term consequences. Sustainability We are committed to work toward long-term sustainability for future generations. This includes the maintenance of essential ecological processes, life support systems, and genetic diversity, together with the sustainable utilization of resources.

Proactive Planning Environmental effects should be anticipated and balanced solutions integrated early in the planning stages of a proposal, before irrevocable decisions are made. In the face of uncertainty, options should be kept open, prudent practices followed and risks minimized. Life cycle implications of projects and services, from inception to decommissioning, are taken into consideration.

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3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

Links to Plan Edmonton and the Corporate Plan Plan Edmonton, Edmonton's Municipal Development Plan, is City Council's strategic policy framework. It provides direction for Edmonton's physical, economic and social development into the 20 century, sets out municipal government responsibility areas, and establishes the corporate framework for development of the Environmental Strategic Plan. Plan Edmonton, approved by City Council in 1998 (Bylaw 11777), includes, under the area of Infrastructure Development and Maintenance, the priority "Preservation and Enhancement of the Natural Environment and Open Spaces." The priority is to: Develop an integrated environmental protection strategy in partnership with the province and neighbouring municipalities designed to improve air and river water quality, promote conservation, and ensure effective preservation and management of the City's green spaces. The relevant strategy is: Develop an environmental strategic plan as a framework for sustaining and enhancing the physical environment, recognizing the importance of the environment to Edmonton's quality of life. The City of Edmonton Corporate Business Plan outlines the approach to implementing Plan Edmonton and other corporate initiatives. The Business Plan includes under the responsibility area 'Infrastructure and Physical Environment', the strategy to "Initiate implementation in 2000 of an environmental strategic plan

The Office of the Environment (Asset Management and Public Works) coordinates development of environmental strategies to guide City Departments. Since approval of the Environmental Strategic Plan in 1999, City Departments have submitted implementation plans to the City's Senior Management Team. The objective of the 3"1 Report on Environmental Performance is to provide Edmontonians with an accounting of the implementation of the Environmental Strategic Plan. This is Edmonton's third report on environmental performance. Previous reports were published in May 2001 and October 2002.

Environmental Topics The Environmental Strategic Plan identifies nineteen environmental topics grouped under three major categories â&#x20AC;˘ "conservation" climate change, natural heritage, sustainable urban form, agricultural lands, waste management, energy management; â&#x20AC;˘ "environmental stressors" industrial releases, hazardous materials, contaminated lands, pesticides, noise, light pollution, electric and magnetic fields and acid rain and; â&#x20AC;˘ "environmental receptors" drinking water, surface water, indoor air, ambient air, and ozone layer. The categories overlap; however, along with consideration of economics, social needs, conservation of resources, preservation of natural heritage, and protection of the physical environment, they form the basis for the City's approach to sustainability. Achieving the objectives of the strategic plan requires reconciliation of competing interests and exploration of innovative approaches. The nineteen topics also were classified on the basis of the action required (Figure 1). The classification, included in the "heading" for each topic on the following pages along with the strategic direction provided by the Environmental Strategic Plan, indicates the need and priority for action on a topic.

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3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

The classification for action is based on two considerations, the perceived environmental risk or need for improvement, and the strength of management systems in the City to respond to the topic and emerging issues. There is more detail on the City's approach to environmental management in the next section. On the following pages, each environmental topic includes a background and context for the topic, followed by a statement of the objective and key strategies as approved by City Council in the Environmental Strategic Plan 1999. The City's current and future strategic initiatives to achieve the objective are highlighted in the following sections. The section, "Performance Measures", presents information of how the City is (or will) measuring progress toward achieving the Strategic Direction for the topic. The section "Emerging Issues and Key Challenges" presents some issues that may affect the City's response to a topic. The challenges may include, for example, improved understanding of environmental and health risks, new technologies, new federal or provincial regulatory requirements, or changes in consumer patterns or public expectations.

Approach to Environmental Management In one way or another, all City operations contribute to or are affected by environmental change. A welldefmed environmental management system ensures that implementation of environmental management functions within civic operations occurs in a coordinated, effective and efficient manner. Enactment of Alberta's Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act in 1993 necessitated greater emphasis by municipalities on "due diligence" and environmental management in City operations. In response, Edmonton initiated a more formalized approach to environmental management in the early 1990s with the formation of the Office of the Environment and adoption of several environmental policy statements by City Council. The City's approach to environmental management is intended to integrate the Environmental Mission statement and principles into City operations, ensure that policies, procedures and practices address environmental regulations and issues, and provide direction for incorporating and coordinating environmental functions in departmental operations. The operating departments are responsible for ensuring that environmental legislation, Council directives and administrative policies are incorporated in their operations and activities, and that Corporate environmental initiatives are communicated and implemented within each department. The City's Senior Management Team (SMT) provides overall coordination and direction. SMT, consisting of senior managers from the City and EPCOR, oversees the environmental activities of the City. Public and community input is facilitated through an Environmental Advisory Committee reporting to the Senior Management Team. The Office of the Environment addresses environmental issues that are beyond the scope of a single department, provides a focal point for information, and keeps the City administration informed of environmental issues and trends that may affect Edmonton. In keeping with Edmonton's commitment to due diligence, the City recently embarked on creating a formulized standard for Environmental Management System (EMS) development among its departments. The City is at the beginning stages of structuring a city-wide approach to EMS in keeping with the ISO 14001 standard. Already the City has two branches seeking ISO 14001 registration in 2004; Drainage Services and Waste Management. A formal city-wide EMS policy is expected in 2004 and will put Edmonton on par with other leading Canadian municipalities. The information presented in the 3rd Report on Environmental Performance is intended to give the reader a clear understanding of each environmental topic, its relative importance for action, the City's objective for management, and actions by the City to sustain and enhance the urban environment and quality of life. By being better informed about the City's approach to environmental issues, Edmontonians can assist the City in making informed choices and sound decisions on future environmental initiatives. 6 March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

The Environmental Topics

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2.1 CLIMATE CHANGE CLASSIFICATION Enhance Existing Environmental Performance

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Reduce Community Wide Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ntroduction greenhouse gas emissions, generating opportunities to improve quality of life while providing economic opportunities.

Concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH3) and nitrous oxides (NO,) are increasing due to man-made emissions and are considered a major influence on climate change. Major human sources of GHG emissions are the use of fossil fuels (oil, coal and natural gas) for power generation, heating, transportation and similar uses. Many actions to reduce emissions relate to improving the efficiency of fuel use.

trategic Framework

Objective: To reduce Edmonton's contribution to climate change and support government commitments.

Key Strategies: 2.1.1 Encourage reduction of overall energy use from current sources within the community. 2.1.2 Develop strategies to deal with greenhouse gas emissions in planning future community growth. 2.1.3 Increase community-wide awareness of the importance and means to reduce GHG emissions. 2.1.4 Develop and maintain a community-wide greenhouse gas emissions inventory.

As a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol (1997), Canada committed, by 2008 to 2012, to reduce GHG emissions to 6% below 1990 levels. The federal government is developing an implementation strategy as part of the process to determine the impact of attaining Canada's Kyoto target. In 1995, Edmonton committed to the Voluntary Challenge and Registry (VCR) and is a founding member of the Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM) Partners for Climate Protection (PCP) Program. The program requires commitments by member municipalities to reduce GHG emissions and provides support in addressing the issue.

trategic Initiatives

The City's Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Plan for City Operations (1999) contains actions to reduce GHG emissions from City operations by 16% from 1990 levels by 2010. Emission reductions are planned for buildings and facilities, fleets, street lighting, and other processes (e.g. wastewater treatment). Actions focus on improving the efficiency of energy use in City operations. The plan also contains new technologies and processes, which may further reduce emissions. An update to the plan is provided annually, with the 2001 GHG inventory and 2002 GHG inventory being the most recent versions.

In 1999, Edmonton's City Council accepted a GHG Emissions Strategy for city operations and in 2000, endorsed a resolution urging federal, provincial and territorial governments to make climate protection a priority. Since then, stakeholders have developed a community-wide, co-ordinated approach to reducing emissions within Edmonton's boundaries. Edmonton's Community-Wide Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction and Energy Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Strategy Document was endorsed by City Council late in 2001. Council endorsed a business plan for the initiative in late 2002. The plan will form the basis for community-based solutions to reducing

The City facilitated development of Edmonton's Community-Wide Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction and Energy Plan. The plan proposes actions to reduce GHG emissions in Edmonton up to Canada's Kyoto target and positions Edmonton 8

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for further long-term reductions. City Council, business, industry and other community stakeholders have endorsed the strategy and a longterm business plan.

carbon dioxide equivalence of their "greenhouse" effect. Emissions increased from the 1990 baseline of 343,000 tonnes to 380,000 tonnes in 2002. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from City Operations

uture Initiatives

Implementation of the first stages of the business plan for Edmonton's Community-Wide Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction and Energy Plan is underway, funded by the City of Edmonton, a Federation of Canadian Municipalities Green Fund grant and the Federal Government Climate Change Action Fund. The City also is pursuing long-term funding from the other orders of government and key community stakeholders

1990 1997

2001 2002

merging Issues and Key Challenges Climate change impacts may include extreme weather events, altered precipitation patterns, increased temperatures, and ecosystem changes affecting environmental, social and economic systems.

Significant reductions to City Operations' GHG emissions are expected to be seen with the proposed Street Signal LED retrofit over the next 5 to 7 years. Other initiatives that could be considered for further GHG reduction include hybrid buses, hybrid fleet vehicles, and a building policy with greater focus on energy efficiency. Many of these initiatives have greater up-front costs but they come with long term savings. While strides have been made to reduce "business-asusual" emission increases, continued and increased efforts to implement the City operations plan will be required in order to meet the City's GHG emissions reduction targets.

Delaying action may postpone the implementation of climate change solutions that could improve the community's efficient use of natural resources and provide economic growth opportunities related to implementing emerging technologies and expertise. Edmonton's emissions rose from the baseline year of 1990 to 2002 and are projected to increase under a 'business-as-usual' scenario. For Edmonton to address the climate change issue in a significant way and to reduce community-wide greenhouse gas emissions, all key sectors of the community must be involved. The federal and Alberta governments will need to support Edmonton financially in this initiative, especially because mandatory reporting for GHG emissions both provincially and federally is just around the corner.

erformance Measures

The City measures its performance on climate change based on changes in the tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emitted from City operations. The measure expresses the emissions of greenhouse gases in terms of the

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Tonnes of CO2e 343,000 363,000 370,000 380,000

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

2.2 NATURAL HERITAGE CLASSIFICATION Enhance Existing Environmental Performance

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Protect Natural Heritage

ntroduction

Natural heritage includes plants, animals, geology, landforms, natural beauty and amenity. Preservation and enhancement of the natural environment and open spaces is a Plan Edmonton priority: - "Preserve and enhance the river valley, natural areas and open space within the urban landscape; recognize these area as critical aspects of successful planned growth of the City; and, link them to the extent possible".

trategic Framework

Objective: To minimize the loss of natural heritage, specifically biodiversity and natural areas. Key Strategies: 2.2.1 Enhance the protection of natural areas 2.2.2 Increase public awareness of the importance of preserving biodiversity and natural areas 2.2.3 Implement existing conservation policies, bylaws and strategies

trategic Initiatives

2.2.1 Enhance the protection of natural areas Work on an Urban Parks Management Plan will continue in 2003. The Plan will provide a new focus on natural areas in the city as part of the City's park system. A draft Natural Area Management Plan Guidebook was completed in 2003 and is being tested before being finalized in 2004. The Constructed Wetlands Standards will be finalized in 2004 and constructed wetlands will be required in new neighbourhoods. The standards will protect the aquatic natural heritage

in the City's creeks and the North Saskatchewan River. Development of the Big Lake Natural Area Management Plan, a partnership of Alberta Community Development, the cities of Edmonton and St. Alberta, and the counties of Parkland and Sturgeon, will continue in 2004. The City of Edmonton recently approved an Integrated Pest Management Policy. Implementation of the policy promises to provide natural heritage protection benefits. The Top of Bank Policy continues to be refined and will be finalized in 2004. 2.2.2 Increase public awareness of the importance of preserving biodiversity and natural areas The following initiatives, important to public awareness of natural heritage and natural heritage protection, are ongoing: • Communities in Bloom — natural heritage component • Ellerslie School conservation initiative • Naturescape Program • John Jantzen Nature Centre natural heritage education programming 2.2.3 Implement existing conservation policies, bylaws, and strategies Policy C-467, Conservation of Natural Areas in Edmonton's Table Lands, continues to be implemented. The Natural Areas Policy Implementation Committee, and Natural Areas Advisory Committee, created in 2003, are now operating.

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An inventory of all conserved natural areas in the table lands was completed in 2003. These sites will be catalogued in an Atlas of Conserved Site in the Table Lands including Big Lake Natural Area in 2004. Natural site assessments of environmentally sensitive and significant natural areas in Edmonton's table lands are being completed for area and neighbourhood structure plans, as well as, Natural Area Management Plans for conserved areas. The Ribbon of Green continues to provide significant natural heritage protection to the river valley and ravine system.

Drainage Services will start a project in 2004 to develop Erosion and Sediment Control Guidelines and a Field Manual for urban development construction projects. This work will provide protection benefits to natural lands.

erformance Measures

One measure of performance of the City in protecting natural heritage is the number and area of sites conserved. The table below shows

Table Lands Conservation of Policy C-467 Natural Areas (2003) Natural Areas

Conserved with City ownership or private conservancy Designated for conservation in approved statutory plans but not yet implemented

The North Saskatchewan River Valley ARP continues to be Total implemented and requires environmental screenings or impact assessments for all public projects in the river valley and ravines system.

The City will continue to look for opportunities in 2004 to acquire natural sites using the Natural Area Reserve Fund. The City will continue to enhance the urban forest through replacement of trees lost due to drought and will work with the development industry and the community to plant trees in new areas.

and ravine system and will identify lands that have been acquired for conservation.

uture Initiatives

The Office of the Conservation Coordinator will complete a report that considers the trends in conservation since Policy C-467. Community Services is undertaking an inventory of all parkland and facilities in the river valley

Area (ha)

126

45.8

171.8

the status at the end of 2003.

merging Issues and Key Challenges

The new Alberta Wetland Policy and the accompanying Wetland Action Plan should be available for public review in 2004. Early indications suggest that the policy may have significant implications for urban development and protection of wetlands in urban areas. The goal of acquiring natural areas in Edmonton continues to face significant challenges with respect to financing. Currently the City of Edmonton budgets $250,00 per year for the acquisition of natural areas.

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2.3 SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORM CLASSIFICATION Enhance Existing Environmental Performance

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Plan For An Urban Form That Is Environmentally And Fiscally Sustainable In The Long Term

ntroduction

Choices about land use and transportation systems affect the natural environment in ways such as the rate rural land is developed for urban uses; expansion of infrastructure networks; and the amount of fuel burned for heating and moving people and goods. Making efficient and effective use of Edmonton's land resources and providing an efficient transportation system that facilitates alternative travel modes help lessen the impact of urban development on the natural environment.

service and include an effective pedestrian and cyclist circulation system that provides good access to local amenities.

The Downtown Faรงade and Storefront Improvement Program, and the Retail and Commercial Complex Reinvestment Policy support private sector investment in streetfriendly exterior improvements.

trategic Framework

Objective: To provide a balanced approach to urban development and renewal while conserving resources for future generations.

Key Strategies: 2.3.1 Complete a strategy for the intensification of land development with the objective of achieving more effective and efficient use of land. 2.3.2 Consider strategies for quantifying impacts and environmental costs of existing and proposed developments.

trategic Initiatives

City departments consider infrastructure costs and capacities, urban design, compatibility of uses, transportation, access to parks, natural areas, utility corridors, and conserving resources in their planning recommendations to Council. Planning and Development promotes contiguous development patterns and development staging to reduce the cost of building and maintaining infrastructure. Transportation and Streets ensures that new subdivisions promote good access to transit

Transportation and Streets is enhancing the viability of non-motorized travel modes. In 2003, an additional 3.5 kilometres of multi-use trail and sidewalks were constructed. To assist in implementing the Multi-use Trail Corridor Study and non-motorized transportation, a Trails, Paths and Routes Advisory Committee was formed.

The Office of Infrastructure implements the Infrastructure Strategy. The goal is to ensure the City's infrastructure is in a good repair and that rehabilitation and development are adequately funded, efficient and effective. Community Services is revisiting its parkland acquisition, design and maintenance policies through the Urban Parks Management Plan. The plan will have a greater focus on the environment and will contribute to a more sustainable urban form.

uture Initiatives

As follow up to the September 2003 "Strategies for Urban Sustainability" Conference, City Council is developing a Vision and Principles for Sustainable Urban Growth. The process will provide direction for the 2006 review of Plan Edmonton. Publication of Edmonton's Intensification Audit concluded Phase One of the Urban Land Intensification Strategy project. In Phase Two, the Smart Choices Participation Committee 12

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developed fundamentals and principles for making Edmonton a good place to live. Nine ideas were presented in a "Catalogue of Ideas" and at the Smart Choices Showcase of Ideas and citizen and stakeholder comments were invited. A report to City Council in early 2004 will ask if Council wishes to fund the preparation of implementation strategies for the nine ideas. The Fort Road Old Town Master Plan calls for redevelopment and reinvestment through transitoriented development in the neighbourhood south of the Belvedere LRT Station. An interdepartmental development team will be established in 2004 to begin the initial stages of implementation. The Transportation and Streets Department is undertaking a High Speed Transit Corridor Strategic Plan to develop strategies to extend high speed transit (bus or LRT) from the City centre to the north/northwest, southeast and west, to complement the proposed South and Northeast LRT systems. In 2004, the Transportation and Streets Department will be undertaking an update of the City of Edmonton Bike Plan. As well, the Depai talent will be developing a strategic plan for sidewalks.

Ratio of single-family to multi-family housing units in new suburban areas 2002 65:35 2003 63:37 Another useful measure is annual transit ridership per capita on Edmonton Transit. In 2003 this value was 67.04 rides per person compared to 65.72 in 2002. Ridership on Edmonton Transit (per capita) 2001 66.90 2002 65.72 2003 67.04

merging Issues and Key Challenges

Striking a balance between the development industry's inclination to intensify land use and concerns of residents about changes that may affect them is an ongoing challenge. Ensuring that intensification enhances Edmonton's quality of life by providing choice, affordability, access and liveability while achieving municipal efficiencies is a challenge. There could be significant costs associated with providing infrastructure that supports urban intensification.

erformance Measures

"Sustainable Urban Form" is a broad topic for which consistent performance measures have not been developed. One useful measure is the ratio of single-family to multi-family housing mix in new suburban areas. In 2003 the ratio was 63:37 compared to 65:35 in 2002.

Land use activity and patterns in the Edmonton Capital Region affect intensification of land use in Edmonton. The federal or provincial governments may impose conditions for funding of infrastructure that supports a sustainable urban form, for example LRT expansion and multi-use trail corridors. The ability of the City to keep up with demand for new infrastructure and repair of existing infrastructure may affect how infrastructure, including parks, is funded.

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2.4 AGRICULTURAL LANDS CLASSIFICATION Continue To Meet Current Standards

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Continue To Preserve Agricultural Lands in Balance With Other Land Uses

ntroduction

As the City of Edmonton grows and its builtup areas expand, land is converted from agricultural to urban use. High quality agricultural land is a valuable resource, but agricultural use does not yield land values as high as the values for urban uses. Locally grown food is a component of sustainability and there may be increasing awareness of its value. Compatibility of agriculture and development at the urban fringe is an issue. A study was completed in 1996 to examine the creation of an agricultural conservation area in Northeast Edmonton. The study resulted in confirmation of the City's 1990 policy to preserve agricultural land until needed for urban development.

trategic Framework

Objective: To avoid premature loss of agricultural lands.

Key Strategies: 2.4.1 Continue to manage urban growth to protect agricultural lands until needed for urban development.

trategic Initiatives

The Subdivision Authority restricts piecemeal expansion of urban development onto agricultural lands. Planning and Development reviews rezoning and plan applications for conformity with Plan Edmonton's policies for contiguous development and the prevention of premature fragmentation of agricultural land.

uture Initiatives

Monitoring of agricultural lands and issues that may affect them is ongoing.

erformance Measures

The City measures its performance based on changes in agricultural land in Edmonton.

Between 2000 and 2002, there were two applications for major plans or plan amendments in the areas designated as "Agriculture Areas" in the City's Municipal Development Plan. Both applications were to redesignate lands to "Suburban Area" in Northeast Edmonton to allow small expansions to the existing residential areas. The application for the Evergreen Mobile Home Park was approved by City Council in 2002 (and included redesignation to recognize the existing developed area). Council refused the application for Quarry Ridge residential area in 2001.1 Only one rezoning application for nonagricultural use was approved by City Council in agricultural areas between 1997 and 2002. This was for the existing Evergreen Mobile Home Park and expansion area on a total of one quarter-section of land. The total Agricultural Area identified in the Municipal Development Plan in 2002 was 10100 hectares. 125.7 hectares of land were subdivided out of the large agricultural area between 1997 and 2002. Between 1997 and 2002, 114 subdivision lots were registered â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 80 of these in one 26-hectare subdivision.

1 'Planning and Subdivision of Agricultural Land in Edmonton 1997 to 2000, Planning and Development, October 2001', with updated data to 2002.

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V merging Issues and Key 114Challenges The current strategy, as stated in Plan Edmonton, is to preserve agricultural land until it is needed for urban development. Agricultural lands cannot be easily reclaimed and must be preserved as long as possible.

Incremental land use decisions that allow urban land uses in predominantly agricultural areas take valuable agricultural uses out of production prematurely. Premature development of agricultural lands could lead to fragmented urban land use patterns, inefficient use of scarce infrastructure resources, and community conflict.

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2.5 WASTE MANAGEMENT CLASSIFICATION Enhance existing environmental performance

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Improve Waste Management Practices

ntroduction

Edmonton is a North American leader in sustainable urban waste management. The City is the largest Canadian urban centre to achieve the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) target of 50% diversion of waste from landfill by the year 2000. Major components of Edmonton's 1994 Waste Management Strategic Plan have been implemented. The Waste Management Branch continues to monitor developments in the industry and will update the Strategic Plan in 2004.

trategic Framework

Objective: Reduce environmental impacts of waste generation and disposal. Key Strategies: 2.5.1 Continue to implement the long-term Waste Management Strategic Plan. 2.5.2 Increase community awareness of the need for continuing improvement of waste management practices. 2.5.3 Continue ongoing monitoring and reporting of waste management trends.

trategic Initiatives

Key components of the Waste Management Centre are in place, including a Materials Recovery Facility (recycling plant) and a Compost Facility. Operational efficiencies continue to be evaluated. Compliance with program requirements is critical to the success of waste management programs; therefore, public education and information sharing are priorities.

A sustainable financing model is pursued through a comprehensive program of cost evaluation, effective long-term planning and ongoing evaluation of new technologies and best business practices. In order to maximise diversion from landfill, the City and its partners who operate recycling and composting facilities, are evaluating new and innovative uses for those materials that currently are classified as "residual" after processing in the facilities.

The 30-year Waste Management Strategic Plan, approved in 1994, is a "living document" to be evaluated and updated to adopt best practices and meet the changing needs of the community. In 2004 it will undergo a comprehensive review and updating. New technologies, such as gasification to further reduce landfill disposal, will be assessed and business opportunities explored to increase revenues. Edmonton has leveraged its infrastructure and knowledge resources by partnering with businesses and institutions to establish the Edmonton Waste Management Centre of Excellence. The Clover Bar Research and Development Facility will open in 2004 ushering in a new era of applied research opportunity. The City, through the Centre of Excellence, is pursuing grants from higher levels of government and the private sector. The grants would be used to research or develop new waste management technologies and optimise existing ones. Development of sustainable markets for recyclables and compost will continue.

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3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

With the City-controlled, residential waste stream Performance 1998 1999 2000 2002 managed effectively, future Measure efforts will focus on other Residential waste diverted elements of the urban from landfill (%) 14 21 46 58 waste stream including electronics and metal City's two Eco Stations. This is reported under waste, and construction and demolition (C&D) 4.2 "Hazardous Materials". waste. New initiatives to increase recycling rates include the blue bin Multi-family Recycling Program, which continues to expand.

The Waste Management Branch is developing a formal Environmental Management System (EMS). An EMS commits the Branch to identifying and actively managing the environmental impacts of its operations.

The City's landfill will be full between 2012 and 2015. Action must begin by 2005 to ensure sufficient landfill capacity is secured before the current capacity is exhausted.

erformance Measures

Among the performance measures tracked annually is the percentage of residential waste diverted from landfill. Between 1998 and 2002, the amount of residential waste landfilled decreased by over 40% due to the development of alternatives including recycling and composting. About 14% of the residential waste stream is recycled. Multi-family dwellings are serviced by 20 community recycling depots and, beginning in March 2002, a blue-bin recycling program. In 2002, more than 28,000 tonnes of material were collected through these programs. Another performance measure is the amount of household hazardous waste collected at the

merging Issues and Key .11.J Challenges

Residents and businesses must be provided with access to reasonably convenient, environmentally-sound, and affordable means of waste removal and disposal. Development of alternative technologies and securing long-term landfill capacity ensure that this happens. Changing demographics, in particular, an aging population staying in their homes longer, could impact on the level and type of waste services required. The needs of senior citizens and potential changes to the delivery of waste services will be assessed. Consolidation of the waste management industry in Canada will require continued monitoring by the City to ensure that services are provided to all sectors of the community in a competitive manner.

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2.6 ENERGY MANAGEMENT CLASSIFICATION Enhance Existing Environmental Performance

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Improve Energy Efficiency

ntroduction

Recent developments in the energy utility area related to deregulation and supply constraints have made "energy management" a higher profile topic. As a result, Edmonton's efforts in energy management received increased attention from the public and City Council. Energy management efforts of City departments are coordinated through the Energy Management Revolving Fund Project Review Committee (EMRFPRC) and the Environmental Policy Coordinating Committee (EPCC). The City's Office of Energy Management (OEM) coordinates the Energy Management Revolving Fund (EMRF). The OEM also works with the City Law Branch on utility regulatory matters and maintains a billing verification system. The OEM is the primary contact point with the power, water, and gas utilities for matters related to supply, accounts, and billings.

trategic Framework

Objective: To conserve non-renewable energy resources.

Key Strategies: 2.6.1 Encourage more efficient use of current energy resources. 2.6.2 Decrease the reliance on non-renewable energy resources. 2.6.3 Increase awareness of the need to conserve traditional energy resources and utilise alternatives. 2.6.4 Monitor and report emerging trends in technologies and opportunities for application.

trategic Initiatives

In 1994, the City initiated the $1 million Energy Management Revolving Fund (EMRF) to allow testing of energy-saving technologies in buildings. In 1999, the fund was increased to $5 million with a new focus on full-building retrofits. By early 2002, more than 30 fullbuilding retrofits were underway. In 2003, the fund was increased to a borrowing capacity of $30 million and expanded to include other city facilities and operations. Since 2001, the new, more complex, utility bills associated with the deregulation of energy utilities have resulted in a considerable increase in the workload associated with verifying billings and monitoring energy consumption. New methods, tools and approaches are being tested, and the OEM is working closely with EPCOR and ATCO. In January 2001, Edmonton launched the Fuel Sense Program, a driver training initiative that is projected to significantly reduce fuel use from the City's fleet. To date more than 700 municipal operators have been trained through the prop-am. The group averages a 12% efficiency gain and individually can achieve savings as high as 40%. Fuel consumption by the municipal fleet in 2001 was 205,000 litres less compared to the expected consumption before the program was implemented. In the spring of 2004, Edmonton Transit conducted a hundred-operator pilot of the course that provide an efficiency gain of about 12% Federal programs such as the Commercial Buildings Incentives Program (CBIP) have become a factor in the design basis of recent City facilities, which now are expected to meet or surpass the guidelines set by the Model National Energy Code for Buildings.

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Future Initiatives The EMRFPRC provides the first level of operational/business case review of EMRF projects. Generally, qualified independent internal or external resources are expected to review projects technically. EPCC provides a senior level setting for inter-departmental exchange of energy- and utility-related information. In 2002 a major review of the EMRF began to evaluate possible changes to borrowing capacity, project criteria, and program resources. As a result of the review, the EMRF borrowing limit was increased to $30 M in early 2003. Currently, AMFC loans have been designated as the source of funds.

erformance Measures

The City will develop measures related to energy used and space utilisation in its facilities. The measures will help identify where efficiencies are acceptable or improvements are needed on a basis that relates to meaningful, controllable, operating performance. The measures will be developed and tested during 2004. The measures are not meant to be a replacement for establishing acceptable standards for facility structural and environmental systems.

-11 merging Issues and Key 1.1.J Challenges Energy consumption is a major aspect of the greenhouse gas emissions issue. High costs of energy are a strong, natural driver for reductions in energy use. The City's energy costs have increased significantly since rebates and other forms of cost protection and deferral were removed in 2002. Accurately tracking, verifying, and reporting utility usage and consumption is difficult when confidentiality of cost and rate information is subject to legally binding constraints, and where co-operation from the utilities may be hampered by their competitive situation. The OEM continues to work with EPCOR and ATCO to improve the reliability and usefulness of billing data. Improving staff awareness of energy issues and coordination between departments need to be addressed. The Energy Management Revolving Fund must continue to meet Edmonton's needs in terms of project results. It is important to ensure that projects undertaken as "energy conservation" initiatives are a reasonable and consistent reflection of the City's established criteria for such projects, regardless of the funding source(s) involved. In addition, possible alternatives must be monitored to identify opportunities for improvement. This may require non-standard resources and software tools, plus investment in staff training and increased use of contracted resources.

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3.1 DRINKING WATER CLASSIFICATION Continue To Meet Current Standards

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Maintain a Safe and Reliable Potable Water Supply.

ntroduction

Edmonton's drinking water supply comes from the North Saskatchewan River. It goes through full conventional, multiple-barrier water treatment before being distributed to users in Edmonton and 45 surrounding communities. Edmonton's drinking water meets or surpasses all requirements mandated by the operating approval issued by Alberta Environment and all current Canadian Drinking Water Quality Guidelines. The federal government sets drinking and surface water quality guidelines. Alberta incorporates these as regulations and issues approvals to water utilities to operate. EPCOR works closely with federal and provincial government agencies in developing new guidelines or standards for drinking water. EPCOR regularly monitors water quality. The monthly report submitted to Alberta Environment is posted on EPCOR's website.

trategic Direction

Objective: To ensure a continuing safe and adequate supply of potable water. Key Strategies: 3.1.1 Maintain and enhance the protection of Edmonton's water source. 3.1.2 Develop and maintain partnerships to address water quality issues. 3.1.3 Maintain and increase community awareness and participation to conserve water. 3.1.4 Continue to monitor trends in the quality of potable water.

trategic Initiatives

EPCOR Water Services monitors trends in water quality, tracks and implements appropriate developments in early warning monitoring, water treatment and analytical testing, and plans to meet any treatment changes required because of new drinking water quality guidelines. EPCOR installed an ultraviolet (UV) light disinfection system at the E.L. Smith water plant in 2002 and is working towards installing an UV system at Rossdale water treatment plant by mid2005. These systems add to the microbial reduction capabilities of the plants by deactivating microorganisms. EPCOR continues to actively participate in the City's River Water Quality Task Force, which co-ordinates projects for an integrated approach to river water quality improvements with the City of Edmonton Drainage Services and Alberta Environment. EPCOR is a founding member of the North Saskatchewan Watershed Alliance (NSWA) and continues to support the group whose purpose is "to protect and improve water quality and ecosystem functioning in the North Saskatchewan Watershed within Alberta." The NSWA will complete a State of the Watershed report by early 2004 and has initiated an Integrated Watershed Management Plan. EPCOR also partners with the NSWA on stewardship and research projects with the goal of improving water quality in the basin. EPCOR supports various Alberta Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture (AESA) projects within the North Saskatchewan River basin to promote stewardship activities while increasing public awareness.

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uture Initiatives

EPCOR is developing plans for Early Warning Monitoring Systems at both water treatment plants and an upstream location. Plans are subject to on-line water quality analyser capabilities and finding constraints. EPCOR is developing plans to reduce discharges of chloraminated water to surface waters. Environment Canada declared chloramines as "toxic" under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA). Under the new Alberta Environment "Water for Life" strategy, EPCOR will be developing a watershed protection plan and will continue to participate in Watershed Advisory Councils.

erformance Measures

The overall performance of the water utility is measured by several indices of critical areas including a Water Quality Index and an Environmental Index. The two indices are internal calculations for EPCOR Water Services that feed into Performance Based Rates required by Bylaw 12585, the Waterworks Bylaw. The bylaw approves water rates and service charges, terms and conditions of water services, and water rate and service charge adjustment mechanisms for the utility. The following two indices are small components of the overall performance measure of the water utility. Water Quality Index

This index monitors the percentage of water sample tests that meet all regulated requirements, and, in addition, all of EPCOR's stricter internal requirements. Based on over 4,000 tests per month on the plants' treated water and the

distribution system water, the year-end water quality index for 2003 was 99.6 percent. Environmental Index

This index summarises EPCOR's Water Services' performance for parameters including compliance with environmental regulations, audits, training, planning, and partnerships. The Environmental Index is based on several environmental actions and outcomes from all communities in which the utility operates, including Edmonton. The year-end index for 2003 was 100.40 surpassing the target of 100.

2001 2002 2003

Environmental Index 113.23 103.28 100.40

merging Issues and Key Challenges

Health Canada guidelines or Alberta Environment standards for drinking water may become more stringent for parameters such as Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp., viruses, bacteria and disinfection by-products. Existing regulated water quality parameters may be affected and new parameters introduced. Environment Canada may set stringent guidelines or regulations for discharges to surface waters for existing CEPA-toxic parameters and introduce new parameters to the "toxic substances list". Other challenges include increased growth in the City of Edmonton and surrounding areas and maintaining vigilance with security at all facilities.

21 March 2004

Water Quality Index (%) 99.7 99.6 99.6

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

3.2 SURFACE WATER CLASSIFICATION Enhance Existing Environmental Performance

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Improve Surface Water Quality

ntroduction

Surface waters in Edmonton include the North Saskatchewan River (NSR), tributary creeks, natural wetlands, and stormwater management (SWM) facilities. In 2001-2002, water quality in the NSR upstream and downstream of Edmonton was rated as "excellent" and "good", respectively, based on the Alberta Surface Water Quality Index. Water quality downstream improved with implementation of UV-treatment and biological nutrient removal at Edmonton's Gold Bar Wastewater Treatment Plant (Gold Bar).

trategic Framework Objective:

To ensure the quality of surface water is suitable for a diversity of compatible uses and its ecological value is maintained. Key Strategies:

3.2.1 Continue the development and implementation of environmental protection plans for discharges to surface waters 3.2.2 Develop an integrated watershed protection plan for surface water quality improvement. 3.2.3 Increase community awareness and participation in prevention of pollution of surface waters. 3.2.4 Conduct enhanced monitoring and further develop a common surface water quality database.

trategic Initiatives

The 2003 Drainage Master Plan was prepared. It outlines strategic direction of the next 10 years, identifies issues and describes strategies to address these issues.

A Land Drainage Utility has been established to help fund drainage and environmental projects. Construction of the Centre of Excellence Building for wastewater research at Gold Bar will be complete in spring 2004. Membrane filtration studies to improve the quality of Gold Bar's UV-treated final effluent are underway. A Real Time Control system, implemented at one site, increased storage capacity in the sewer system and reduced the amount of untreated wetweather sewage spilling to the river. A second site is scheduled for commissioning in early 2004. Elimination of interconnections and crossconnections in the drainage system and replacement and rehabilitation of double barrel pipe are on-going programs. Drainage Services is assessing the effectiveness of ultra-violet treatment to control endemic waterborne parasites in wastewater discharges.

uture Initiatives

Drainage Services is establishing an Environmental Management System and working to achieve ISO 14001 registration in 2004. The Enhanced Primary Treatment project to capture and treat wet-weather CSO at Gold Bar, when operational in 2006 at a cost of $42 million, will increase wet-weather treatment capacity from 950 to 1,250 ML/d. Optimization of Biological Nutrient Removal at Gold Bar will continue in 2004 to achieve consistent removal of ammonia from the effluent during winter and spring. 22

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3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

Expansion of the advanced secondary treatment process, scheduled for completion in 2006, will increase secondary treatment capacity by 10%. The Environmental Monitoring Program will expand its monitoring in 2004 guided by a Detailed Total Loadings Impact Study to begin in early 2004. The GMEF-funded Ammonia Reduction Study will continue in 2004. Its purpose is to reduce the impact of ammonia discharges on the NSR and to develop local ammonia water quality criteria. A second study will field-test methods for improving water quality in stormwater management wet ponds and constructed wetlands.

In 2003, 22 sanitary spills were reported to AENV compared with 26 in 2002. Final Effluent from Gold Bar

TSS (ng/I) CBOD (mg/L) Fecal coliforms (CFU/100 mL) Ammonia (mg/L)

A Stormwater Quality Strategy is under development to improve stormwater quality in the City and will evaluate options for reducing the City's impact on the NSR. A children's version of the Gold Bar education booklet is due out in 2004. Poster boards describing plant operations are now situated along the plant perimeter for the benefit of users of adjacent walking trails.

erformance Measures

In 2002, effluent from Gold Bar was better than the provincial Approval-to-Operate. Concentrations for total suspended solids, carbonaceous biological oxygen demand, ammonia„ total phosphorous, and fecal coliforms are shown below. Fifty-one percent of wet weather Combined Sewage Overflows (CSO) received treatment at Gold Bar in 2002, compared with 56% in 2001 and an historical average of 56%. CSO to the river totaled 684 million litres on 28 wet-weather days in 2002.

. Total Phosphorous (mg/L)

2001 Average

2002 Average

9.5

5.7

200

141 8.5

25 6.5

1.0

0.9

merging Issues and Key Challenges

Challenges include: • the presence and significance of endocrine disruptors in Gold Bar's wastewater effluent; • the role of Environment Canada and Fisheries & Oceans in local regulatory affairs with overlapping jurisdiction with Alberta Environment. • Negotiating the City's next 10-year Approval-to-Operate commencing in 2005 based on a pollutant criteria total loads approach; • Development of an action plan to reduce stormwater impacts on the North Saskatchewan River; and • The role of municipalities in initiatives detailed in Alberta's "Water for Life" strategy.

23 March 2004

Approval limit

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

3.3 INDOOR MR CLASSIFICATION Enhance Existing Environmental Performance

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Improve Indoor Air Quality

ntroduction

The City is committed to maintaining a healthy indoor environment for its employees and the public who use City facilities. On average, we spend 90% of our time indoors. Poor indoor air quality can affect comfort, cause irritation, and affect workplace productivity and morale. In extreme cases, it may affect personal health, especially in more sensitive individuals. Indoor air quality problems may occur for reasons including deficient ventilation systems, an unusually high release of a contaminant, or improper operation of a building. Indoor air contaminants can include particulates and gases produced due to the nature of indoor space, by occupants and their activities, or brought in from outdoors. Contaminant sources may include carpets and building materials, chemicals such as cleaning agents, smoke, micro-organisms such asmoulds, vehicle exhaust and other outdoor sources. The indoor air quality for each building must be managed individually. The City investigates and responds to indoor air quality complaints in Cityowned or leased space. Where a concern relates to a non-City facility, information can be obtained from the City's web site or from other organisations such as Capital Health. The Capital Health Authority and Alberta Health and Wellness investigate indoor air quality complaints and provide information to the complainant. The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) provides information on indoor air quality for housing. The federal government is responsible for developing building codes including those for ventilation, heating and building materials.

Strategic Framework Objective:

To ensure appropriate indoor air quality to avoid negative impacts on health and quality of life. Key Strategies:

3.3.1 Increase the extent of prohibition of smoking in public places. 3.3.2 Provide information to increase community awareness of indoor air quality issues.

trategic Initiatives

Asset Management and Public Works ensures that City-owned or leased facilities are constructed to building code standards and that existing facilities, when renovated, are upgraded as required. Projects include: • In Chancery Hall, terminal boxes have been replaced. Fans and return air systems are being upgraded to enhance air circulation. • Phase 1 of a program to install portable air conditioning units in fire stations was completed in 2003. Phase 2 may begin in 2004. • Installation of direct digital control (DDC) systems is standard in major new facilities and in significant renovations where warranted. • Upgrading of the quality of air filtration to office environments and duct cleaning for the majority of City-owned space was completed in 2003. • Upgrading ventilation systems in arenas or using electric ice resurfacers to reduce air contamination. • Reviewing pool ventilation systems and upgrading them, as necessary (Confederation Leisure Centre currently in progress). • Measuring and reviewing Transit Garage ventilation system performance and preparing plans to optimise operations or provide ventilation upgrades.

24 March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

uture Initiatives

Asset Management and Public Works will act on recommendations from Occupational Health and Safety to determine the cost and benefit of solutions and identify potential sources of funding.

Asset Management and Public Works will continue to upgrade City-owned facilities to maintain or improve air quality when funding for facility changes is being considered. A program of random testing is being considered for facilities owned or leased by the City to determine if minimum air quality standards are being maintained. The detection and treatment of mould is a developing issue. There may be a need for the City to develop a program for detecting and evaluating mould growth in susceptible facilities. A proposal is being considered for a pilot project in 2004 to inspect a cross-section of civic facilities to determine if a more comprehensive program is required.

erformance Measures

One measure of performance is the number and type of complaints received regarding air quality in city owned or leased buildings. Currently, there is no systematic tracking of this information.

Asset Management and Public Works recommends that all complaints received from building occupants are reported to Occupational

Health and Safety. Occupational Health and Safety can verify the complaint, develop a database of problems relating to air quality, and monitor progress in reducing future incidents.

T1 merging Issues and Key Challenges Funding for air quality improvements for facilities is limited to maintenance and repair operating budget funds and approved capital funds for specific projects. Asset Management and Public Works attempts to include air quality improvements, when justified, in the scope of projects competing for capital funding. A database for complaints is a critical first step in determining the magnitude of current problems. The data will assist in making the case for funding to correct problems and determining funding requirements to keep abreast of air quality issues and solutions. Some individuals have a high sensitivity to environmental conditions. It may not be practical to modify a building environment to that required by these individuals. These situations are unique and need to be reviewed individually by specialists to resolve problems. Actions to encourage more efficient use of energy may adversely affect indoor air quality if not undertaken properly (e.g. ventilation rates are not addressed).

25 March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

3.4 AMBIENT AIR CLASSIFICATION Enhance Existing Environmental Performance

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Maintain And Improve Ambient Air Quality

ntroduction

Pollutants in the air around us include emissions from industrial and commercial operations, transportation, and residences. Alberta Environment operates three permanent monitoring stations in Edmonton. The Air Quality Index (AQI), based on concentrations of carbon monoxide, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide in the air, is a measure of air quality. During 2003, the AQI was "good" more 99% of the time at one station and 96.5 and 95.6% of the time at the other two stations. Air quality has improved due to improved vehicle design and energy efficiency. The occasional conditions of "fair" air quality are due mainly to exceedences in ground-level ozone and particulate matter. Provincial and federal governments set air quality standards and regulate emissions. The City has little direct control but works with these governments on air quality issues.

trategic Framework

Objective: To ensure that the quality of outdoor air does not impair health and quality of life. Key Strategies: 3.4.1 Co-operate with the Federal and Provincial governments to maintain and improve air quality. 3.4.2 Develop an awareness program to reduce harmful emissions. 3.4.3 City to undertake an increased role in monitoring and reporting on air quality for the City of Edmonton.

trategic Initiatives

Edmonton's interests in ambient air issues are considered through its participation in activities of the Clean Air Strategic Alliance's (CASA). For example, the Vehicle Emissions Team (VET) is working with Edmonton Transit on a pilot project, to be completed in 2004, to evaluate particulate filters on two diesel busses, with an emphasis on cold climate performance. The City is a member of the Strathcona Industrial Association, which monitors air quality at more than 25 locations and provides information monthly to Alberta Environment. The City applies the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board's (EUB) guidelines for Sour Well Licensing and Drilling for minimum separation between sour gas wells and other land uses to minimise environmental and health impacts of these operations. The Transportation and Streets Department uses a computer model to determine future changes in vehicle emissions. The model is being updated to reflect the latest MOBILE6 vehicle emission forecasting tools. The City is replacing the existing transit fleet with newer vehicles with cleaner technology that produces fewer emissions. The City's Fuel Sense Program teaches City employees to drive more fuel efficiently, thus reducing vehicle emissions. Asset Management and Public Works is reducing odours from the sewer system and Gold Bar Waste Water Treatment Plant. Climate Change Central is implementing a vehicle scrappage program in Edmonton and Calgary. The Edmonton program was launched in December 2003. Edmonton Transit has provided 250 six-month transit passes to in support of the project.

26 March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

Alberta Environment is preparing an updated inventory of emissions in the City, which will help focus future initiatives. Initiatives under the City's Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Plan produce benefits for ambient air quality.

uture Initiatives

In September 2003 CASA approved a management framework to achieve CanadaWide Standards for Particulate Matter and Ozone ambient air levels in Alberta. Implementation will begin in 2004, with development of management plans beginning in 2005. The Edmonton area likely will be required to develop a management plan for these contaminants. Formation of an Alberta Central Air Management zone, under CASA principles, is being considered. The organization might undertake air quality monitoring, emissions inventories, source apportionment, and analysis of air quality; and develop air quality management plans.

erformance Measures

Performance measures include changes in emissions from the City's fleet of vehicles and the number of odour complaints. Complete information is not available; however, information for the transit bus fleet shows that in 2003 the ETS fleet emitted 616 tonnes of nitrogen oxides (NO), 22.7 tonnes of particulate matter (PM) and 6367 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2); less than 2% of transportation emissions from all vehicles in the Edmonton region. In 2003, 135 odour complaints were received by the 'Odour Hotline'. Forty were attributed to the GBWWTP, 82 likely were caused by emissions from the Edmonton Waste Management Centre (EWMC) or adjacent industrial facilities, and 13 were attributed to other sources. Odour Complaints

2000 2001 2002 2003* * to end of October

Studies in other urban areas found that road dust is a significant source of particulates. It is not clear if this applies in Edmonton. Revised street cleaning practices may be required to minimize road dust. The recommendations of CASA's Vehicle Emissions Team will lead to piloting, monitoring and evaluation of CASA-approved projects related to vehicle emissions reduction. The CASA Electricity Project Team recommended a new approach to managing air emissions from the province's electricity sector, which may have an impact on Edmonton air quality.

merging Issues and Key Challenges Air pollutants can cause respiratory ailments such as emphysema and asthma, and result in increased health care costs and loss of workplace productivity. A relatively few occurrences of exposure to relatively low levels of air pollutants over long time periods may impact human health. The IAQ may not adequately reflect these risks.

27 March 2004

90 193 90 135

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

3.5 OZONE LAYER CLASSIFICATION Continue To Meet Current Standards

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Reduce Emissions Of Ozone-Depleting Substances From City Operations

ntroduction

Ozone is a natural and vital gas in the stratosphere, a 20 kilometre thick layer in the upper atmosphere, which contains 90% of all ozone. Ozone in the stratosphere shields the earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays; however, the concentration of stratospheric ozone is decreasing. This results in more UV rays reaching the Earth's surface. Chlorofluorcarbons (CFCs), and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), used extensively as refrigerants, and halons, used for fire suppression, are extremely stable substances. When released into the air, these ozone-depleting substances (ODS) travel upward and are broken down by the intense UV light. This produces chlorine that in turn breaks down the protective ozone layer. Ozone-friendly replacement chemicals exist and substantial progress has been made in reducing emissions of ODS; however, further measures are warranted. Provincial regulations require all persons servicing air conditioning or refrigeration equipment to be certified and to conduct servicing procedures in accordance with the federal Code of Practice. Alberta's Ozone-Depleting Substances Regulation, effective September 2000, added HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons, HFCs (hydrofiuorocarbons) and PFCs perfiuorocarbons), where used as refrigerants, as regulated substances. In addition, there is a prohibition on the recharge of car air conditioning systems with a CFC and refillable containers must be used. As required by this regulation, the City of Edmonton has developed management plans that outline procedures for servicing fire suppression equipment and a schedule for the phase-out and replacement of halon is in place.

Strategic Framework Objective: To reduce Edmonton's contribution to the depletion of the ozone layer. Key Strategies: 3.5.1 Continue to reduce releases of ozonedepleting substances. 3.5.2 Continue to eliminate the inventory of ozone-depleting substances. 3.5.3 Increase awareness and training to recognise causes of ozone depletion from the stratosphere. 3.5.4 Develop a reporting system to monitor trends in use of ozone-depleting substances and their safe alternatives.

trategic Initiatives

The City has reduced its use of CFCs in air conditioning and refrigeration systems. CFCs are collected and destroyed. Asset Management and Public Works has converted all remaining CFC R-11 chillers under its control and maintenance to HCFC -123 or HCFC â&#x20AC;&#x201D;22, which have a greatly-reduced ozone depleting potential. Concession equipment containing CFC R-12 is being replaced by equipment utilising HFC134a. Hand-held, halon fire extinguishers under the control and maintenance of the City were switched over to CO2 or dry chemical extinguishers in 1993. Fixed halon fire suppression systems have been changed out gradually during the last few years. The remaining four systems are targeted to be changed out in 2005, budget permitting. Asset Management and Public Works has contracted a service to collect CFCs from refrigerators and air conditioners accepted at Clover Bar landfill and ECO-stations before the appliances are recycled. The CFCs are recycled.

28 March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

Asset Management and Public Works maintenance staff received training to ensure that they understand Alberta's Ozone-Depleting Substances Regulation and the City's approach to managing ODS, and comply with the regulation. Accidental releases of ozone depleting substances are reported to Alberta Environment.

inventory (1955 kgs) from equipment under its control.

merging Issues and Key 12J Challenges

Increased exposure to UV rays, the result of decreasing concentrations of ozone in the stratosphere, is associated with sunburn, skin cancer, weakening of the immune system and aliments such as cataracts. People may experience anxiety with respect to over-exposure to sunlight and UV rays.

The Office of the Environment will use the City's web site to provide information on the City's practices with respect to the management of ODS and to increase public awareness of ozone depletion and the need for responsible management of ODS.

High levels of UV radiation slow plant growth and affect vegetation and crop production through decreased yields. Aquatic life, especially algae, may be affected. Exposure to excessive levels of UV radiation also may accelerate degradation of materials such as wood, rubber and plastic.

uture Initiatives

The City will update its inventory of ODS and halon in use in facilities owned or leased by the City and its boards and agencies.

erformance Measures

The City will continue to update and maintain its inventory of ozone depleting substances used in City operations. The inventory has decreased significantly over the past few years as these substances have been removed from service. Asset Management and Public Works has eliminated its complete R-11

The federal government's National Action Plan for the Environmental Control of OzoneDepleting Substances (OSD) and their Halocarbon Alternatives (1998) includes a broader range of ODS than the 1992 National Action Plan. Alberta's Ozone-Depleting Substances Regulation, effective September 1, 2000, implements the 1998 National Action Plan. Further restrictions and stricter regulations are being discussed.

29 March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

4.1 INDUSTRIAL RELEASES CLASSIFICATION Continue To Meet Current Standards

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Continue To Prevent and Mitigate Harmful Industrial Releases

ntroduction

The Edmonton region is the largest chemical and petrochemical-producing area in Canada. Manufacturing facilities and the distribution modes are subject to federal and provincial regulations and the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board regulate major pipelines. Alberta Environment requires planned and accidental releases to be reported to the Department. Industrial releases may also require responses from emergency services, industry, and regulatory authorities. The City's Emergency Response Depaitiuent (ERD) has a highly trained Dangerous Goods Response Team that responds to industrial emergencies and cooperates with major industrial companies occurs through the Strathcona Industrial Association.

trategic Framework Objective:

To protect the community and the physical environment from industrial releases. Key Strategies

4.1.1 Maintain emergency response capabilities to industrial releases. 4.1.2 Enhance risk management approach to plan, prevent and mitigate against industrial releases. 4.1.3 Encourage increased community awareness of safety protocols developed by industry. 4.1.4 Continue to monitor industrial releases within the city boundaries.

trategic Initiatives

City Council approved Edmonton's Industrial Land Strategy in August 2002. The Strategy will establish an orderly planning process for industrial areas and achieve greater

compatibility between industrial activities and other uses. ERD's Dangerous Goods Response Teams deals with chemical spills within the jurisdiction of the City and train annually to maintain skills and review procedures. ERD also annually inspects industrial facilities for compliance with the Fire Code for the safe storage of hazardous chemicals. Drainage Branch, Asset Management and Public Works, monitors and, with the ERD, mitigates chemical releases that may enter storm drains leading to the river. The Planning and Development Department reviews planning and subdivision proposals using guidance from Plan Edmonton and the May 2003 Subdivision Authority Directive. The focus is on maintaining the integrity of pipeline and utility corridors while planning for growth. The Edmonton Police Service enforces provincial and federal legislation regarding transportation of hazardous substances. The City is a member of the Strathcona Industrial Association, and ERD and other members of the Association present information sessions on the emergency preparedness and response.

uture Initiatives

The Emergency Response Department, in partnership with Alberta Environment, has jointly funded a Mobile Air Monitoring Vehicle, which will monitor chemical releases for extended periods of time at serious chemical emergencies. The unit should be operational by summer 2004 and will be operated by ERD's Dangerous Goods Team. 30

March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

The City's Zoning Bylaw contains an innovative industrial section requiring enhanced risk management as well as draft Terms of Reference for Industrial Plan preparation. This will be implemented on an area-by-area basis; however, it is still in the development stage. A hazard analysis on major industry was performed to determine requirements for manpower, training and equipment to address industrial emergencies.

Spills Dealt with by the Emergency Response Department. Number Significant/Serious 1995 1058 596 1996 1317 456 1997 1415 316 1998 1628 288 1999 1516 290 2000 1886 350 2001 2353 487* 2002 2879 414 * Includes 90+ Anthrax type calls.

There are greater demands with respect to responding to possible chemical, Releases Reported to Alberta Environment biological, 1998 1996 1997 1999 1994 1995 2000 2001 2002 radiological, nuclear, and explosive 57 51 93 122 76 91 71 85 84* terrorist events. Increases during 1996 and 1997 were due in part to implementation of the City's new policy on reporting and reporting of releases to Alberta Environment that should have been reported only at a City There also is an level. The decrease in 2000 was due to development of a Release Reporting Guideline and a Release increasing number of Reporting Form, and more frequent maintenance checks on equipment. clandestine drug labs * 58 were City incidents, 26 from other sources. operating in the area. The increased demands on the ERD require an increased budget for equipment, manpower and merging Issues and Key training.

erformance Measures

• • •

Among measures used by the City are: The number of annual inspections of industrial facilities. The number of releases reported by City operations. The number of dangerous goods emergencies managed by the E.R.D.

Over the past 5 years annual inspections of commercial and industrial facilities ranged between 13,000 to 15,000 per year. There were 385 high hazard occupancy inspections in 2001 and 310 inspections of fuel dispensers with under ground storage tanks.

Chemical and petrochemical production in the Edmonton area has increased by 10 to 50% per year during the last five years. During the same time, there have been staff reductions of 10 to 25%. There is an increased expectation by industry that municipal responders will play a greater role in responding to industrial events. A consistent approach by municipalities in the Edmonton region to heavy industrial land use would improve risk management and facilitate emergency response to deal with industrial releases.

31 March 2004

Challenges

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

4.2 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION Continue To Meet Current Standards

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Continue To Reduce Exposure To Hazardous Materials

There has been increased public awareness about the dangers of unplanned exposure to hazardous chemicals at work, in the home, or at other venues. The proper storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals at industrial facilities is a public health and environmental concern.

Key Strategies: 4.2.1 Continue to mitigate against the release and exposure of hazardous materials in the community. 4.2.2 Re-evaluate and enhance systems and procedures for dealing with hazardous materials. 4.2.3 Increase overall awareness of the danger, proper handling and disposal of hazardous materials. 4.2.4 Monitor the movement, storage and disposal of hazardous material within the City.

ntroduction

The Edmonton area is the largest chemical and petrochemical-producing region in Canada. Annually, hundreds of millions of tonnes of hazardous materials are transported by road, rail and pipeline in the Edmonton region.

The transportation, disposal and potential unplanned releases of hazardous and biomedical wastes have created public concern about effects to life, property and the environment.

trategic Framework

Objective: To protect the community and the environment from harmful impacts related to the storage, transportation, use and disposal of hazardous materials.

The storage, collection, and disposal of household chemicals and their associated hazards to family members, especially children, is a community concern and the exposure of children to common toxic chemicals is an emerging issue.

Federal, provincial, and municipal legislation regulates the transportation, use, and disposal of hazardous materials, including hazardous waste. Alberta Environment and Alberta Health and Wellness regulate disposal of hazardous waste, including biomedical waste, in Alberta. The City has innovative household hazardous waste recycling programs at two Eco Stations. A hazardous waste treatment facility is operated at Swan Hills.

Asset Management and Public Works operates two Eco Stations that annually collect Household Hazardous Wastes (HHW) for safe treatment, disposal or recycling.

trategic Initiatives

Emergency Response Plans are legislated for industry and other users of hazardous materials that help reduce exposure to hazardous materials.

The Emergency Response Department (ERD) has a highly trained and well-equipped Dangerous Goods Response Team to deal with chemical emergencies on the streets, at industrial facilities, and in the home and office. Transportation and Streets, and the ERD's system of Dangerous Goods Routes manage the movement of hazardous materials on Edmonton's streets.

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3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

A pesticide container depot operated by Asset Management and Public Works at the Clover Bar Landfill enhances the drop-off system at the landfill for unwanted household hazardous materials.

services that will contribute to the safety of living and working in the Edmonton region.

erformance Measures

One measure of the City's efforts to reduce exposure to hazardous materials is the amount of HHW, including materials such as used motor oil, cleaners, pesticides, batteries and electronic equipment collected at the City's two Eco Stations.

Asset Management and Public Works operates a leachate collection and treatment system at the Clover Bar Landfill to minimise potential release of liquid residues from the landfill. The ERD inspects industrial facilities for compliance with the Alberta Fire Code's storage requirements for hazardous materials. As provided for by Plan Edmonton, Planning and Development applies risk management principles by providing separation distances and effective transition zones between heavy industry and other uses to minimise the risk to the public of exposure to hazardous materials. Many industries in Edmonton have annual open houses to increase public awareness of industrial processes, safety features, and the benefit to the community.

uture Initiatives

The Emergency Response Department is implementing a computer-based record keeping system (POSSE) for information related to inventories of chemicals at industrial sites.

In 2002, over 4,000 drums were collected, including 1,582 drums of used oil and 1,095 drums of waste paint. Household Hazardous Waste Collected (205 L drums) at Edmonton's Eco Stations 1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2,160

2,992

3,680

3,912

4,111

merging Issues and Key Challenges

One challenge for the City is to provide sufficient funding to maintain the level of services, particularly those of fire, rescue and dangerous goods protection, in the face of increasing population and industrial growth.

The City and other regional communities are pursuing the concept of regional emergency

33 March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

4.3 CONTAMINATED LANDS CLASSIFICATION Enhance Existing Environmental Performance

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Reduce Land Contamination

ntroduction

Most contaminated sites are private property and mainly result from operations involving underground storage of fuels and other commercial and industrial activities. Movement of contaminants from a site can occur through the soil, with groundwater, or through land development. Exposure can occur through direct contact with contaminated soil and through contact with contaminants transferred to air and water. Alberta Environment and the Capital Health Authority have legislation requiring clean up of contaminated sites. The City, through its development approval process, requires action for certain planning applications to make contaminated land suitable for its intended use. Edmonton's Release Reporting Policy helps ensure that City actions are responsible and diligent. Several operational areas respond to contamination depending on whether it is on private land, City-owned land or right of ways, or is an emergency spill.

trategic Framework

Objective: To protect the community and the environment from impacts related to the contamination of land. Key Strategies: 4.3.1 Develop a comprehensive strategy for dealing with site contamination in conjunction with Alberta Environment. 4.3.2 Improve awareness of the benefits of preventing contamination through improved industrial practices and storage of materials.

4.3.3 In conjunction with Alberta Environment, develop and maintain an information system for contaminated sites.

trategic Initiatives

Edmonton has procedures for dealing with contaminated land issues on right-of-ways, in selected planning applications, and when considering the purchase and sale of property. However, currently there is a gap in establishing a corporate policy. A contaminated sites committee is investigating the best approach for initiating a strategy for a comprehensive corporate policy and coordinated database of contaminated lands. Planning and Development has a draft policy for developers on the information requirements and process for dealing with potentially contaminated lands. The policy is applied to area structure plans, re-zonings, road closures, and subdivision proposals. The policy will be presented to City Council in 2004. Asset Management and Public Works, and Transportation and Streets review reports on site contamination to ensure that property transfers of contaminated lands are dealt with appropriately. This is done to prevent the City from acquiring contaminated land; to assess possible impacts to maintenance and construction of right-of-ways, utility corridors and worker health and safety; and to determine remediation or risk management requirements. Drainage Services has procedures in place for dealing with contaminated soil during the installation of underground utilities.

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3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

The City received funding through Alberta Municipal Affairs for a program to clean up selected orphaned sites, related to underground storage tanks, for which the City has taken ownership. In partnership with Calgary, Edmonton's Transportation Department is developing guidelines for assessing and protecting underground utilities in areas of known or suspected petroleum hydrocarbon contamination.

uture Initiatives

A City working group is developing procedures for sharing information, addressing issues of confidentiality, and developing an overall approach for dealing with contaminated sites. The City developed a Brownfields Pilot Grant Program that would provide an incentive for owners of contaminated sites to clean up and redevelop their properties. The Administration is exploring funding sources from other government agencies. The program, along with potential funding opportunities, will be brought to City Council for consideration in 2004.

merging Issues and Key Challenges

Migration of contaminants has a negative impact on soil, surface and groundwater, as well as air quality. Exposure to contamination can result in possible human health and safety concerns. For example, providing utility service connections to potentially contaminated sites is a concern for worker health and safety. Before certain planning approvals or property transfers are granted, contaminated land must be cleaned up with a resulting cost of remediation being significant. Issues of confidentiality and freedom of information affect Edmonton's ability to share information about contaminated lands internally and externally. This impacts the ability to manage contaminated sites effectively. Most contaminated sites are adjacent to City right-of-ways. The City may want to set a standard for acceptable contamination in rightof-ways to manage its liability as a potential contaminant pathway to third party properties.

erformance Measures

Performance may be measured by the number of known or suspected contaminated sites under City ownership. Over the longerterm, improved management of hazardous materials and remediation of contaminated sites should reduce this number. Collection of data is under way.

In an urban setting, where several potential sources exist, it is not always easy to determine the origin of contamination. Contamination can affect pipe materials, seep through pipe walls and impact water quality. Adverse effects may occur at concentrations lower than current Alberta Environment guidelines. More stringent criteria may be needed. The City of Edmonton currently is involved in a project with The City of Calgary to investigate the development of more restrictive guidelines for the protection of buried utility infrastructure

35 March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

4.4 PESTICIDES CLASSIFICATION Continue To Meet Current Standards

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Continue To Minimize Exposure To Pesticides

ntroduction

The use of pesticides (including herbicides and insecticides) may damage non-target species. Edmonton's policies and procedures for pesticide use on City lands protect the public, employees and the environment. The federal and provincial governments enforce regulations for municipal and commercial applications. Edmonton uses an integrated approach to pest management that supports environmentally responsible targeted use of chemicals. Where pesticides are the only available tool, they are used in strict accordance with Health Canada's rules and are applied by trained, licensed personnel. The City's use of pesticides includes herbicides for control of noxious weeds, broadleaf weeds and broad spectrum vegetation control, insecticides for control of mosquitoes, satin moth, wasps/bees, yellowheaded spruce sawfly, spruce budworm, forest tent caterpillar, aphids, and rodent control, Reglone A to control aquatic weed and algae growth in stormwater management ponds, and Sanaform Vaporooter to control tree roots in sewers.

trategic Framework

Objective: To protect the community and environment from impacts related to pesticide use. Key Strategies: 4.4.1 Follow approved pesticide application standards and procedures. 4.4.2 Evaluate and update pesticide application standards as required. 4.4.3 Partner in education and awareness initiatives on proper handling and application of pesticides and available alternatives to pesticide application. 4.4.4 Monitor overall trends in pesticide usage.

trategic Initiatives

The City's weed control standards were approved in 1997 based on the Broadleaf Weed Control Committee's recommendations. Strict safety precautions, including signage at treatment sites, are taken, when applying pesticides to City property. The current weed control standards are under review and subject to change pending City Council approval. Three programs are available to Edmontonians to have green spaces maintained without the use of pesticides. â&#x20AC;˘ The Medical Alert Pesticide Program (MAPP) for individuals who have medical sensitivities to pesticides. â&#x20AC;˘ The Herbicide Exemption Request Program (HERP) offers the option of discontinuing chemical trimming along fence lines and obstacles abutting city property. â&#x20AC;˘ The Petition Program allows citizens to eliminate pesticide use from specific, city inventory by petition after 66% of residents living next to or across from a site sign the petition.

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

HERP

Petitioned Sites

37 39 32 46 46 46 61 63

15 18 23 24 25 31 32 34

6 6 11 11 12 14 14 15

On May 1, 2003, the Community Services Department received the final report of the Pesticide Advisory Committee (PAC). The report provides consensus agreement to a number of recommendations as well as nonconsensus information and recommendations.

36 March 2004

MAPP

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

The Community Services Department submitted an administrative response to the Committee's report for a non-statutory public hearing held on September 18, 2003. City Council's decision was to support an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach to pesticide reduction.

uture Initiatives

Administration was directed to develop an Integrated Pest management Policy (IPM) to reduce or eliminate the City's use of pesticides. Strategies in the policy will include: • Use of enhanced horticultural methods with an emphasis on areas where children play (e.g. school yards, sports fields, playgrounds); • Selected, last resort use of the least toxic products registered by Health Canada; • Review existing weed thresholds (as outlined in the approved 1997 Broadleaf Weed Control Report); • Review existing pesticide buffer zones policy; • Maintain and enhance current pesticide exemption programs; • Work toward elimination of pesticides where possible, by increased plant health care intervention; and • Identify areas that would be designated as herbicide free areas. With direction from City Council, Community Services Department will develop a social marketing framework for public education to target residential homeowners, schools, consumers at pointof-purchase and the media encouraging an integrated pest management approach to

pest control. This social marketing framework report will be submitted to the Community Services Committee in February of 2004.

erformance Measures

The City aims to provide effective weed control using the least amount of herbicide required. One measure of performance is the portion of land maintained by the City that is sprayed. The proportion has declined over the past 5 years. Turf Hectares Sprayed vs. Turf Hectares Maintained

5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

merging Issues and Key Challenges

Health impacts of chronic exposure to pesticides are becoming better understood. There is increasing concern about pesticide use in populated areas. Monitoring pesticide use by private and residential applicators is a challenge. Recent information from the Alberta Department of Environment indicates that there is significantly more application of pesticides by City residents than by the City.

37 March 2004

707 3739 3821 3884 4071 4395 4361 4494

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

4.5 NOISE CLASSIFICATION Continue To Meet Current Standards

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Continue To Mitigate and Reduce Exposure To Excessive Noise

ntroduction

Edmontonians often express concern about ongoing exposure to noise, particularly trafficrelated noise.

Noise issues are addressed through the City's Urban Traffic Noise Policy (UTNP, 1983) and the City Noise Bylaw #7255 (1994). The UTNP defines threshold levels above which noise attenuation should be considered (currently 70 dBA, with an objective of achieving less than 65 dBA), as well as appropriate measures to mitigate or reduce exposure to excessive noise. The City's Transportation Master Plan, approved by Council in 1999, provides direction to continue to apply the UTNP to fulfil Strategic Goal D: "Mitigate the Community Impacts of the Transportation System." Currently, the noise attenuation program is considered annually in the Capital Budget, but continues to be unfunded until 2006. To date, noise measurements have not identified any locations in the City of Edmonton that exceed the 70-dBA noise threshold.

trategic Framework

Objective: To reduce negative impacts of noise.

Key Strategies: 4.5.1 Provide an ongoing funding commitment for construction of the noise attenuation program. 4.5.2 Increase noise monitoring to raise awareness of noise control options in the community.

trategic Initiatives

Transportation and Streets is implementing Policy D-2 of the Transportation Master Plan to

"update and apply the Urban Traffic Noise Policy." The principal objective of the City of Edmonton's Urban Traffic Noise Policy (UTNP, 1983) is to reduce the amount of residential land adversely affected by traffic noise. The policy sets out noise level standards for properties adjacent to new or upgraded transportation facilities, for new residential developments, and for residential sites adjacent to existing transportation corridors. The UTNP also outlines funding responsibilities for the provision of noise attenuation to meet the defined standards. Updating noise measurements at key locations in the City is complete, and research into the noise policies and threshold levels of other Canadian jurisdictions has been undertaken. A draft of the revised "Urban Traffic Noise Guidelines" for the City of Edmonton has been completed and is currently being circulated to civic and external stakeholders for review. The Complaints and Investigations Section of the Development and Compliance Branch (Planning and Development Department) enforces the City of Edmonton's Noise Bylaw #7255 (1994). The Development and Compliance Branch develops strategies to increase monitoring of noise and raise community awareness regarding the impacts of noise and the options available to the community to control noise.

uture Initiatives

Ongoing funding for noise attenuation adjacent to existing transportation facilities will be supported in the City's Capital Budget process on the basis of updated traffic noise guidelines. Based on currently approved Plans, capital funding for the Noise Attenuation Program commences in 2006 with an annual allocation of about $250,000. The amount dedicated to the program will need to increase in

38 March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

order to undertake any project that is not staged over several years. Review of the draft revised "Urban Traffic Noise Guidelines" for the City of Edmonton will be completed in early 2004, and will be forwarded for Council approval in the spring of 2004.

erformance Measures

The number of kilometres of noise attenuation constructed has been established as an appropriate measure of performance. It is estimated that in 2001 the City of Edmonton had 35 km of noise "walls" constructed along major transportation corridors. This estimate will be reviewed and revised as part of the review of the City's Urban Traffic Noise Policy.

merging Issues and Key Challenges

Noise attenuation measures for residential developments adjacent to existing transportation facilities are eligible for Provincial cost-sharing only in conjunction with facility enhancement (arterial roadway upgrading or rehabilitation). All capital costs associated with retrofit noise attenuation that do not meet the Provincial criteria for cost sharing must be borne through the City tax levy. Land use and transportation initiatives to address objectives of the topic "Sustainable Urban Form" may lead to residential intensification adjacent to major transportation corridors, increasing the exposure of residents to traffic-related noise. If consideration is not given to noise levels during the planning stages of intensification, noise mitigation may be difficult or costly to achieve Railway noise mitigation, while not under the direct jurisdiction of the City of Edmonton, continues to be an issue for Edmontonians, and must be dealt with as the City considers proposals for development and redevelopment opportunities adjacent to rail corridors.

39 March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

4.6 LIGHT POLLUTION CLASSIFICATION Monitor Environmental Situation

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Monitor And Assess Situation Regarding Light Pollution

ntroduction

Light pollution is excessive or unnecessary outdoor lighting. It includes sky glow, light trespass and glare. Sky glow is the "composite illumination" of the sky from developed areas. Light trespass is the spillage of light onto another property or stray light that becomes a nuisance. Glare is direct light shining from a fixture that makes it difficult to see or causes discomfort. When we project light into the sky or a neighbour's property, some of the light we are paying for escapes without doing the job we want it to do. By using light more effectively, we can use less power, save money, and reduce the amount of greenhouse gases we produce. Light pollution may come from streetlights; area lighting on car lots, sports fields, tennis courts; advertising lighting; industrial lighting including security, storage and outdoor workspace lighting; homes; and any place where excess lighting is used or lights shine unnecessarily into the sky. The few known concerns raised by Edmontonians are dealt with on a case-by-case basis. Most relate to security issues (usually a request for more lighting), not light pollution.

trategic Framework

Objective: To alert the City to potential concerns related to light pollution.

The City of Edmonton promotes the use of cutoff and full cut-off optics for roadway illumination with respect to energy conservation and installation considerations. The use of house-side shields for some decorative installations will be used to eliminate light spill onto properties adjacent to roadways. The City of Edmonton requires all new street light installations and maintenance replacement of luminaires to have an ingress protection of 66(1P66). This eliminates light output reducing contaminants such as air borne particles and water. Outdoor lighting for any development is controlled by requirements in the City's Zoning Bylaw (12800).

uture Initiatives

The Office of the Environment will continue to maintain an awareness of concerns related to light pollution.

erformance Measures

The City proposes tracking the number and types of complaints received by the City of Edmonton regarding light pollution. An information system to gather the necessary data will be investigated.

Key Strategies: None given in the Environmental Strategic Plan.

trategic Initiatives

The City of Edmonton uses design criteria set out by the Road and Walkway Lighting Manual and the recommended lighting practices as outlined by Road and Transportation Association of Canada (RTAC). 40 March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

merging Issues and Key Challenges Overly bright outdoor lighting may be deemed intrusive. Some people complain about excessive urban lighting as the cause of stars not being visible from within the city. In addition, light pollution may represent wasted energy and excess light may affect biological life, most

notably migratory birds and insects, which may be attracted to light sources from considerable distances. Opportunities to reduce light pollution and conserve energy are being considered in new and replacement street lighting and should be considered in development approvals.

41 March 2004

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

4.7 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS CLASSIFICATION Monitor Environmental Situation

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Continue Monitoring And Assessment Of Information

ntroduction

Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) are invisible lines of forces that surround electrical devices. These fields are created by electrical charges and are produced during the generation, transmission, and use of electricity at sources including power lines, electrical wiring, electrical equipment, and transformers. Charges produce two kinds of fields; electric fields, which result from the strength of the charge; and magnetic fields, which result from the motion of the charge. Alternating current (AC) fields create weak electric currents in the bodies of people and animals. Research on the biological effects of exposure to these extremely lowfrequency EMFs has been underway for more than two decades; however, to date there is no clear evidence that EMFs, at the levels normally experienced, are responsible for deleterious health effects.

trategic Framework

Objective: To alert the City to potential concerns related to electric and magnetic fields. Key Strategies: None given in the Environmental Strategic Plan.

trategic Initiatives

The Office of the Environment maintains an awareness of issues and concerns in Edmonton and other jurisdictions.

uture Initiatives

The Office of the Environment will bring emerging issues to the attention of City administrators.

p E

erformance Measures

None determined.

merging Issues and Key Challenges

Although there is no conclusive evidence from research or epidemiological studies that EMFs are a health risk in residential or occupational environments, the research holds out a possibility of a weak risk. Researchers now are considering the issue of exposure to electric and magnetic fields from cell phones along with exposure from electrical devices in assessing the potential impacts of exposure to EMFs.

42 March 2004

Related To Electric And Magnetic Fields

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

4.8 ACID RAIN CLASSIFICATION Monitor Environmental Situation

STRATEGIC DIRECTION Monitor And Assess Situation Regarding Acid Deposition

ntroduction

Acid deposition (acid rain) includes both wet and dry deposition. It results from emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitric and nitrous oxides (NOâ&#x20AC;&#x17E;) and their return to earth. Acid deposition can result from local emissions or be due to emissions carried by winds from distant sources. Some emissions combine with water in the air, making rain and snow more acidic; hence, "acid rain", "wet deposition" or "acidic deposition". Deposition of fine particles containing sulphur and nitrogen, or exchange of gases from air to surfaces are acid deposition known as "dry deposition". Acid deposition is thought not to be a problem in Edmonton and trends for releases of acidforming emissions are declining. The Clean Air Strategic Alliance (CASA) and Alberta Environment continue work on acid deposition, especially in NE Alberta.

trategic Framework

Objective: To alert the City to potential concerns related to acid deposition. Key Strategies: None given in the Environmental Strategic Plan.

trategic Initiatives

The Office of the Environment, through CASA, monitors work related to emissions of acid-forming precursors for issues relevant to the City.

uture Initiatives

The Office of the Environment will conduct an assessment of issues for Edmonton related to acid deposition. The Office of the Environment will prepare, as needed, information updates on acid rain for inclusion on the City's web site.

p E

erformance Measures

None determined.

Acid deposition can cause problems for aquatic life, soils and vegetation. It can damage property and affect the respiratory system, especially in the young, the old, and those with weakened immune systems. Alberta Environment has not updated the inventory of emissions for the Edmonton area since 1982. Current work on an updated inventory and the Office of the Environment's assessment of acid rain issues may indicate concerns that require attention.

43 March 2004

merging Issues and Key Challenges

3rd Report on Environmental Performance City Of Edmonton Office of the Environment

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