Commertial Agriculture

jdKsc lDIsl¾uh

l¾;D wd¾' tia' úfcafialr ^úIhdkqnoaO úfYaI{& jHdma;s yd mqyqKq wxYh lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j fmardfoKsh

lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fõ m%ldYkhls 2012

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l¾;D wd¾' tia' úfcafialr

WmfoaYkh wdpd¾h frdydka úfÊfldaka

m%ldYkh ieliqu pduÍ ksÆIs is,ajd ks¾u,d nKavdrkdhl

msgq ieliqu l=uqÿ fikúr;ak Ysfrdañ chj¾Ok

msgljrh .hdks È,areCIs Bßh.u

ks¾udKh Y%jH oDIH uOHia:dkh" .kafkdrej

wkq.%yh Asian Food & Agriculture Cooperation Initiative

uqøKh lDIsl¾u uqøKd,h" .kafkdrej

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wdishdkq wdydr yd lDIsl他u iyfhda.s;d jevigyka f,al誰 ld他hd,fha iqN me;=誰 mKsjqvh Greetings from the Asian Food and Agriculture Cooperation Initiative (AFACI)! AFACI is an intergovernmental and multilateral cooperation body established by the Rural Development Administration (RDA) of the Republic of Korea, aiming to improve food production, realize sustainable agriculture and enhance extension service of Asian countries by sharing knowledge and information on agricultural technology. RDA, a governmental organization for agricultural research and extension services, has been trying to develop and distribute the agricultural technology for last fifty years. As a part of these efforts, I am honored to have opportunity to publish agricultural books for AFACI member countries with a special fund from RDA. This activity aims at facilitating the publication and distribution of agricultural technology books for providing agricultural technologies directly to local farmers and sharing educational materials in their local languages or English. I believe that it is meaningless not to be distributed and practically used no matter how great the technology may be. I truly hope that this book serves as a useful guide for farmers as well as becomes a touchstone for closer relationship between Sri Lanka and Korea. Thank you very much. Sincerely,

Cho, Yang-Hee Secretary General Asian Food and Agriculture Cooperation Initiative (AFACI) Secretariat

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lDIsl¾u wOHCI ckrd,ajrhdf.a mKsjqvh lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j ishji iurk 2012 j¾Ifha§ YS% ,dxlSh f.dú ck;dj fj; ;dlaIKh ,nd§u i|yd m%ldYk rdYshla ìyslrkq we;' fuu ;dlaIK .%ka:ho tjka ishjia m%ldYkhls' ishji m%ldYk j,§ wm úfYaIfhka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka yqfola .;dkq.;sl l%uhg ;dlaIKsl lreKq muKla wvx.= m%ldYk ìyslrkjdg jvd wog iy fygg jeo.;a jk lDIsl¾ufha kj m%jK;d we;=¿ ;dlaIk .%ka: hla m%ldYkhg m;a lsÍuhs' fuys§ lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fõ oekg isák m%ùK lDIs úfYaI{hka fukau úY%du ,;a lDIs úfYa{hkaf.ao kùk ;dlaIK l%u iy wkd.; oelau ms<sn| woyia m%ldY jkq we;' jdKsc lDIsl¾uh" mßir ys;ldó lDñ md,kh" f.j;= j.dj, kj m%jK;d" N+ñ w,xlrKh yd m,;=re WoHdk md,kh jeks lafIa;% yryd fuu ishji m%ldYk ksl=;a jkq we;' fuu m%ldYK i|yd Asian Food And Agriculture Cooperation Intaitive (AFACI) wdh;kfha wkq.%yh ,eî we;' fla'Ô' Ys%hdmd," lDIsl¾u wOHCI ckrd,a" Message from the Director General of Agriculture At this juncture when our beloved Department of Agriculture is celebrating its Centenary, I am extremely proud and take pleasure in issuing this statement as the Director general of Agriculture. The Departments of Agriculture has already initiated action to release number of publication with timely guidelines to the local farmers, educating them on the latest technologies developed. The main objective of this publications is to create awareness of farmers regarding the timely need for them to adhere to the modern technologies developed by our scientist cater to the present national requirements instead of catering with the ancient proceediers which appear to be out dated for us to compete with the international levels in ensuring global self sufficiently in food. It provide a forecast on matters of relevant which will be beneficial to our farmers for their future development. Valuable ideas and suggestions supported by the present officers as well as the retired scientist are duly composed through these publications. These books provide content according to the present national importance such as commercial agriculture, Management of food orchard, intergrated pest management, Edible landscaping, Urban agriculture etc. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the Asian Food and Agriculture Cooperation Initiative (AFACI) for their kind gesture for coming forward to provide sponsorship for these publications of historical value to the Department of Agriculture in its centenary year. K.G. Sriyapala, Director General, Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka.

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mgqk

ye`oskaùu''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''01 - 03

1'1 1'2 1'3

foaYSh lDIsl¾uh fyaka j.dfõ l%u mshjr jdKsc lDIsl¾udka;fha mshjr

jdKsc lDIsl¾uh ye¢kaùu''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''04 - 14

02 2'1

2'2 2'3 2'4 2'5 2'6 2'7 2'8 2'9

bvï yd c,h bvï yd bvï ixj¾Okh bvï ixj¾Okfha w;HjYH ms<sfj;a bvï ixj¾Okhg wkql+, c, iïmdok moaO;s jdKsc f.dúm, msysgqùfï wjYH;d"isoaOdka;$wfmaCIs; b,lal jdKsc f.dúm, l<ukdlrKfhaoS ;sìh hq;= fnda. l<ukdlrK uÜgu jdKsc lDIsl¾ufha§ h, uy lkak wdY%s;j wkq.ukh l< hq;= lreKq jdKsc lDIsl¾uhla lrd .uka lsÍfïoS wkq.ukh l< hq;= l%shd .il l;dj

jdKsc f.dúm, msysgqùfï wd¾Ól lreKq ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''15 - 17

3'1

ia:djr j;alï CIh lsÍu i|yd fhdod .; yels l%u

Agricultural turn project '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''18 - 19

Cold Chain project ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 20

Profit sharing Agri Business '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 21

Co-operative Farm '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 22

Secrets of yied enhanacing of plants(Commercial farming)23 - 24

jdKsc lDIsl¾uh i|yd Wiia ;jdka ;dCIKh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 25 - 26

ìxÿ yd úiqreï c, iïmdokh hgf;a jdKsc f.dúm, msysgqùu ''''''' 27

wfmaCIs; wiajekak ìxÿ c, iïmdokh hgf;a ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 27

jdKsc lDIsl¾uh i|yd iQ¾h c, úÿ,s n, ìxÿ c, iïmdokfhka iq¿ mßudK t<j¿ j.dj '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 28

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i;a;aj fnda. taldnoaO f.dúm, ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 29

wjdrhg rUqgka wiajekakla '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 30

wdrCIs; .Dy lDIsl¾uh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 31

16 16'1

lgql foaY.=K ;;a;aj hgf;a ^wêl j¾Idj& t<j¿ m,;=re ksIamdokh i|yd Poly net house fyda jeis wdjß; .Dy ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 32 - 34 jeis wdj¾;s; .Dy j<j¿ j.dfõ wdodhï úhoï jd¾;dj

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01' jdKsc lDIslu_h (Commercial Agriculture) (Commercial Farming) lDIslu_h u; jQ ,dxlSh ck iudch wjqreÿ 2500g jeä ld,hla mqrd hemqï lDIsld¾ñl rgdj ;=, yd jdß c, iïmdok lDIsld¾ñl rgdjl kshe,S foaYShj iajxfmdaIs wydr ksIamdok hq.hlg Y%S ,xldj b;sydi.; ù we;' mdrïmßl fukau foaYsh ;dCIKh yd ne÷kq tu nqoaêuh foam, w;ska mßmQ¾K jQ f.dú iudcfhka ñ§ jdKsc lDIsld¾ñl rgdjlg wj;S¾K ùfï ;on, wjYH;djhlg j¾;udk Y%s ,xldj m;aj we;' tf,i jdKsc rgdjlg wj;s¾K ùfï wjYH;djhla mek ke.=fka foaYShj ck;djg wjYH wydrmdk wms úiskau foaYh ;=,u ksmojd .ekSughs' fkdtfiakï th úfoaYSh rfgka fuys f.kajd .ekSug isÿ ù we;' j¾;udkfhys msgráka f.kajkq ,nk wdydr m%udK jeä ùu;a iuÕ jdKsc lDIsld¾ñl rgdjlg ,dxlsl ck;dj fhduq lsÍu w;HjYH lreKla ù we;'

1'1 foaYSh lDIslu_h fuu "lDIsl¾uh" hkafkys w¾:h jkafka hï YsIaGdpdrhl" iNH;ajhl yd ixialD;sl rduqjla ;=, isg isÿlrkq ,nk fnda. ksIamdok ld¾hhka f,i jpkd¾: fhka oelaúh yel' fuys bx.S%is jok jk Agiculture hkafkka fmr i|yka l< hïlsis YsIaGdpdrhl iNH;ajh yd ixialD;sl rduqjla ;=, fnda. jeùu hkak iDcqju woyia fõ' lDIslu_h yd fnda. jjkafkda ksIamdokh lrk l¾udka;hla f,i w¾: oelaúh yels jqjo tys bx.%Sis jpkh wkqj (Commercial Agriculture l¾udka; .ek woyila .eí fkdfõ'

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tjeks l%shdoduhla ;=, lDIsl¾uh jdKsclrKh ^Commercialization& lsÍu jdKsc lDIsl¾uh jk w;r" tjeks rgdjla ;=, jqjo fnda. ksIamdokh ,dN Wmhk jdKsc uÜgulg f.k foaYsh ck;djg foaYshj ksmo jQ wydr È.=ld,Skj mßfNdackhg wjia:djla ,nd §u fuys wruqKhs' túg th Commercial farming fyda Agri Bussiness ;;a;a jh ,d ie,flk f.da,ShlrKfha m%uqL wjYH;djhla jkq we;' fuu jdKscuh lDIsl¾u rgdjg wj;s¾K ùfï wjYH foaYSh wydr ksIamdokh ;yjqre lr ;sridr ;;ajhlg f.k tau oejeka; wêIaGdkhla imqrd .ekSuhs' ,xldfõ idïm%odhsl f,i f.dv fnda. j.dflrek fyaka j.djo hemqï rgdjl ;snqK ñY% fnda. j.djls' tys YIH udrej isÿlrkq ,enQjo bvï udrej fkdfyd;a jir 2-3 lg miq kj fyakla f,i j.djg N+ñh udreùfï l%uh ;sridr fkdjk w;r jk iïm; úkdY ùu yd u;=msg mi fidaodf.k hdfï jeks oreKq mdßißl ydkska o isÿù we;' fyaka j.dfõ my; oelafjk N+ñ udre lsÍfï l%uh fjkqjg jdKsc lDIsl¾ufha§ ldnksl fmdfydr Ndú;h iu`. ridhksl fmdfydr Ndú;h jeks mi irejk j.d ms<sfj;a y÷kajd §u ;=<ska jdKsc lDIsl¾uho mßir ys;jdÈ wldrhg yeisrùfï ukd w;aoelSï j.dlrejdg ,ndfoa'

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1'2 fyaka j.dfõ mshjr

kjoe,s fyak kj oe,a,

jir 15-20 miq mqrka ùug bv yer w;a ovqjdj

jir 2-3 miq w;yer ouhs

m<uq mshjr fyak mdxY= fmdaIl;ajh b;d by<

w;a ovqjdjl m%udKhg jir 15§ muK mdxY= fmdaIl;ajh uOHu isg wvq uÜgug

ksÈl=ïnd iys; msáh lk;a; njg yefrhs fuys§ j.d lsÍug W;aiy oerEjo M,odh Ndjh wju uÜgul mj;S

kej; fy<s fmfy<s lr w;aovqjdj njg m;a lrhs tho jir 2l muK j.dlr w;ayer ouhs

jir 10- 15 miq mfiys idrj;a Ndjfha mqk¾Ôjh we;sùu

jir 10la 15la mqrka ùug yer

l=vd ,÷ le,Ejka njg m;afõ' fuhg t<slr j.djg iqÿiq ;;ajhg m;alr .kS'fuh ,kao f,i kï flf¾

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1'3 jdKsc lDIsl¾ufha mshjr

jdKsc lDIsld¾ñl rgdfõ§ fuu l%u bj;a lr mig ukd mqk¾Ôjhla ,efnk whqre ldnksl fmdfydr tl;=j" mi mqrka ùug yer yk ^ikafyï& ffcùh ix>gl tl;= lsÍu jeks fnda. j.d lr j.djg fhoùug rks, fnda. udrej isÿ lsÍu fyda N2S rhsfidaìhï nelaáÍhdfõ y÷kajd§u fnda.h iYS%l lsÍu isÿ lrhs'

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02' jdKsc lDIslu_h ye|skaùu Commercial Agriculture /Farming jdKsc lDIslu_h hkq fnda. j.d lsÍfï§ th jdKsc uÜgulska mj;ajd .ekSfuka wfhdað; uqo,g iß,k ,dN Wmhñka È.=ld,Skj ;sridrj isÿlrk fnda. jd.djla" jev igykla fyda jHdmdrhls' jdKsc lDIslu_fh§ isÿlrk wdfhdackh my; oelafjk m%Odk wjYH;djhka imqrd,k jHdmdrhla f,i ie,lsh hq;=h' ie,iqï lsÍu Planning uQ,H iy wdh;ksl l<ukdldÍ;ajh Technical and financial management

bvï yd c,h Land and Water

Y%uh

m%d.aOkh Capital

jdKsc lDIsl¾uh

hf;%damlrK

;dCIKsl oekqu Technical know - how

fj<|m, yd wf,úlrKh Marketing channel

jdKsc lDIsl¾udka;fhaoS imqrd,sh hq;= wjYH;d

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2'1 bvï yd c,h jdKsc fyda fjkhï lDIsld¾ñl lghq;a;la i|yd bvï wjYH w;r lDIs jHdmdrfha mßudKh wkqj iq¿" uOHu fyda úYd, mßudKfha f.dúm,a i|yd wjYH bvï m%udKh úh hq;=hs'

iq¿ mßudK f.dúm, uOHu mßudK f.dúm, úYd, mßudK f.dúm,

- wla 1olajd j'ó 4000g - wla 1-5 j'ó 4000-20000 - wla 5g jeä j'ó 20000g jeä

fuf,i i,ld n,k bvfuys N+ úIu;djh j.djg iqÿiq$kqiqÿiq Ndjh idrj;aNdjh ,jK;djh f.dÿre ù we;so hkak yd mfia c,h /§fï yelshdj yd c, jykh i,ld ne,Su yd m%ùk mqoa.,fhl=f.a Wmfoia yd mi fyda c,h ms<sn|j ridhkd.dr jd¾;djla ,nd.; yelskï jvd;a fhda.H fõ'

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2'2 bvï yd bvï ixj¾O_kh N+ úIu;djhla iys; fyda ;eks;,d bvula fyda ixj¾Okh lsÍfï§ m%uqL;djhg fhduqlr tu f.dúmf,a jdß ud¾. yd c,jyk moaO;sfhys ie,eiau flfrys fhduqlr tu jdß moaO;sfha jHqyhka Tiafiau f.dúm, ud¾. moaO;sh ilid .ekSu fhda.H fõ' jdKsc f.dúm,a msysgq ùfï§ c, iemhqï we, fyda j.d <s`o mdol lrf.k fuu ld¾hh isÿl, hq;=h'

iaNdúl c, iemhqula iys; jdKsc lDIsl¾uh i|yd iqÿiq N+ñhla

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2'3 bvï ixj¾Okfha w;HjYH ms<sfj;a

.,a jeá uÕska mdxY= ixrCIKh

c, wmjyk moaO;s ieliSu

ifudaaÉp l%uhg N+ñh iEoSu

fnda. uÕska mdxY= ixrCIKh

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2'4 bvï ixj¾Okh wkql+, c, iïmdok moaO;s jdKsc lDIsl¾ufha u;=msg c, iïmdok l%uhg jdßud¾. yd f.dúm,a ud._ ie,eiau

jdKsc lDIsl¾ufha iQCIu c, iïmdok l%u hgf;a k, ud¾. ie,eiau

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2'5 jdKsc f.dúm, msysgqùfï wjYH;d isoaOdka;$wfmaCIs; b,lal  jir mqrdu Èfjk wLKav ksIamdos;hla mdßfNda.slhd fyda fj<|m,g bÈßm;a lsÍug yelsúh hq;=h' Year around continaus Hedin supply to the co nsumar or Market fuys§ lkakhg j.dj" ueo lkak j.dj" wjdrhg j.dj hk lreKq l%shd;aul l< hq;=h' (Seosonal crop (off Seasonal crop) early or late season cultivation)  jdKsc f.dúm,a l%ufha§ uq¿ ksIamdok ^m%d.aOk$ mqkrdj¾;k& úhoï jeä úh yel'

kuq;a wiajekak$ksIamdokh jeälr ksIamdos;fha ls'.%Eï 1l ksIamdÈk úhou wvqlr .ekSu Reduce the cost of production per unit volume or weight of the product 

fuu wiajekak$ksIamdokh jeälr .ekSu jdKsc f.dúm, fj; iß,k ;dCIKhka ^Wiia lDIs ;dCIKhka& by, j.d l<ukdldÍ;ajfhka hq;=j fhoúh hq;=fõ' Application of Appropriate (Advanced Agriculture) Technology fuys§ j.d jHdmdr fj; ffO¾hjka; jQ lemlsÍu;a isÿ lsÍu w;HjYH lreKls' (Sacrifisation)

jdKsc f.dúm, l<ukdlrKfha§ ;sìh hq;= l<uKdlrk uÜgu fnda. j.djka iu. my; i|yka j.= wxl 01ka meyeÈ,s flf¾'

jdKsc mefmd,a j.djla .ilg wiajekak ls'.%E' 120-140 ^jirlg&

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2'6 jdKsc f.dúm, l<ukdlrKfha§ ;sìh hq;= fnda. l<uKdlrk uÜgï

fNda. j.d mr;r

l<ukdldÍ;aj uÜgu

iudkH mr;r mefmd,a j.dj Nomal Density Plantation mr;rh óg¾ 3x3 wä 10x10 wlalrhg me, 444

iudkH uOHu uÜgfï l<ukdldÍ;ajhla ;sîu w;HjYH fõ' tu uÜgfï l<uKdldÍ;ajh ÿ¾j, ùfuka ,efnk m%;s,dN 50] lska muK wvqúh yel'

uOHu >k;aj mefmd,a j.dj Midium Density plantation mr;rh óg¾ 3x2'5 wä 10x8 1$4 wlalrhg me, 533

uOHu by< uÜgfï l<uKdldÍ;ajhla ;sîu w;HjYH fõ' tu uÜgfï l<uKdldÍ;ajh ÿ¾j, ùfuka ,efnk m%;s,dN 60-90] lska wvq úh yel'

by< >k;ajfha mefmd,a j.dfõ High Density plantation mr;rh óg¾ 2'5x2'5 fyda 2'5x2 wä 8 x1$4 wä 8 x1$4 wlalrhg me, 640 fyda 800

by< uOHu uÜgfï l<ukdlrkhka ;sîu w;HjYH fõ' tu uÜgfï l<uKdldÍ;ajh ÿ¾j, ùfuka ,efnk m%;s,dN 75-90] lska wvq úh yel'

iqmsß by< >k;ajfha mefmd,a j.dfõ Super High Density plantation mr;rh óg¾ 3x 1'25 fyda wä 10 x4 wlalrhg me, 1066

iqmsß by< uÜgfï l<ukdldÍ;ajhlaa ;sîu w;HjYH fõ' tu uÜgfï l<uKdldÍ;ajh ÿ¾j, ùfuka ,efnk m%;s,dN 80-90] lska wvq úh yel'

iqmsß by, mefmd,a j.dfõ Super high Density plantation

iqmsß by< uÜgfï l<ukKdldÍ;ajhla ;sîu w;HjYH fõ' tu uÜgfï l<uKdldÍ;ajh ÿ¾j, jqjfyd;a ,efnk m%;s,dN 80-90] wvq úh yel'

mr;rh óg¾ 3x1'25 wä 10x''' wlalrhg me, 1066

j.= wxl 01 by; WodyrK j.=fõ wxl 01 mß§ jdKsc lDIsl¾ufha§ flfi,a j.djla i|yd by< >k;aj fyda iqmsß by< j.djla fhoúh' by< fyda iqmsß by< uÜgfï l<ukdldÍ;ajhla fhoúh hq;=hs' túg wfmaCIs; ,dN Tfíf.a .sKqug nerfõ' by<$iqmsß by< ;;a;ajfha j.djl l<uKdldÍ;ajh ÿ¾j, jqjfyd;a tu.ska idudkH >k;aj j.djl ;ruj;a wiajkq ,nd.ekSug fkdyelsjkq we;'

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l=ulao fï l<uKdldÍ;ajh i,ld nef,k fnda.fhka wfmaCIs; by< uÜgfï wiajkq fyda M,odhs;djhka ,nd .ekSug bvu - c,h jeks m%Odk idOl we;=¿ ish¿u YIH úoHd;aul lreKq 90] jvd jeä uÜgulska ksYaÑ; ld, rduqfõ iSud fkdhslaujd m%Yia:fha isg Wmßuh olajd md,kh lsÍuh'

"h,a lkakfhka wiajkq álla" hkak ^idfmaCIj& w¾:j;a lr we;'

2'7 jdKsc lDIsl¾ufha§ h, uy lkak wdY%s; wkq.ukh l, hq;= lreKq

Ndú;d lrk jir ckjdß j,ska wdrïN jkafkao jif¾ m<uq ixjyk jeis Odrdj wdrïNh ^ud¾;= 2-3 jk i;sh& h, lkakh wdrïN jk w;r ixjyk jeis ^1st convectional Rain spells in the year& mQ¾j ksß; È. fudaiu yd ksß; È. fudaifuka end of August fmdaIKh jkakdjQ j.d lkakh h, fõ'

Seasonal and off seasonal Cultivation/ farming/marketing

"uy hkafkka wiajkq f.dvla" hkak ^idfmaCIj& w¾:j;a lr we;'

jdKsc lDIsld¾ñl lghq;= j,§ h,-uy f,i merKs lDIsl¾ufha isg mej; tk h, - uy lkak wkq.ukh l, hq;=u fkdfõ' h, uy j.d lkak j,ska neyerj jvd;a fhda.H jkafka t<j¿" m,;=re" l=¿ nvq fyda rks, OdkH i|yd tu j.d lkak j,ska neyerj j.dlrk úg mdßfNda.slhdg jir mqrd tu ksIamdokh ,ndÈh yels w;r j.d lkakfhka neyer jQ úg ^wjdr& j.dlrejdg fj<|m,ska ,nd.; yels úl=Kqï ñ, jeä ù ,dNh Wmßu ,nd.; yelsfõ'

Ndú;d lrk j;=r ckjdß j,ska wdrïN jkafkao jif¾ fojk ixjyk jeis Odrdj wdrïNfhka ^2nd spells of in convectional Rain in the year& uy lkakh wdrïN jk w;r 2nd- 3rd weeks of spells& iema 2-3 i;sh th Bidk È. fudaifuka fmdaIKh ù ckjdß w.§ wjika jkafkah' fuu j.d lkak folu hï hï ld, mßÉfPao j,§ fudaiï iudka;r ld, jljdkq j,§ jdiq,s j¾Id j,ska ^Cyclonic rains& fmdaIKh ùu fyda j.dj ydks ùï isÿúh yel'

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2'8 jdKsc lDIsl¾uh lrd .uka lsÍfïoS wkq.ukh l,hq;= l%shd úoHd;aul ^Wmdhud¾.sl& c, md,k l%shd$ mdxY= fmdaIl md,k l%shd .ilska by< wiajkq ,nd.ekSfï ryi

i,ld ne,sh hq;= ;;a;ajh

i,ld ne,sh hq;= iSudjka

1'Wiia lDIsld¾ñl ;dCIKfhka l%shdul lsÍug tuÕska ,dn ,eîug wYdjKs Wkkaÿj yd lemùu ;sfío hkak

b;d oeä Wkakaÿjla yd lemùula yd wdYdjla ;sìh hq;=h

lDIs jHdmdr ysñhd ^owner& l<ukdlre^tager& l%shdlrjkakd hk f;md¾Yjhu ;dCIKh fyd¢ka wjfndaO lr.; hq;= w;r l<ukdlrk uÜgu ;sìh h;=h'==

2'ixksfõokhKs ÿrl:kKs úoaHq;a ;emE, Comminication, Telephon email etc hk wdÈh

On line..................to con sultant/supplies/byers ets

3' wdrCIs; .Dyh lDIsl¾uh hgf;a by< jákdlï iys; t<j¿ yd m,;=re High value vegetable and fruit crops. u,a yd úis;=re w;=$me, cut flowes/potted plants,ets fyda iqÿiq fjk;a fNda. ldKavh f;dard .; hq;=h'

tf,i f;dard.;a LKavhlg iqÿiq foaY.=Ksl ;;a;aj ;sîu jeo.;a fõ' Wod' ;lald,s" fn,a fmm¾" i,do iy úp,H fNda. ,xldfõ fndfyda m%foaY j,§ wdrCIs; .Dy ;=, j.dl, yels jqjo fNda. i|yd iqÿiq lDIs foaY.=Ksl ;;a;ajh iys; ia:dk f;dard .ekSu jeo.;a fõ' kuq;a fuu ;dCIKh hgf;a ´kEu fNda.hla úúO foaY.=Ksl l,dm j, j.d lsÍug wdrCIs; .Dy ;=< mdrißl ie,iqï l< yelsfõ'

4' f;dard.;a fNda. ldKavhg iqÿiq lDIs foaY.=Ksl l,dmhla ùu

fNda. ldKavhg iqÿiq lDIsld¾ñl foaY.=Ksl ;;ajhla iys; m%foaYhla f;dard .ekSfuka by< úNjhl wd¾Ól ,dN yd msßjeh uQ,sl

Wod( weka;=ßhï j.dj" hgf;a fjkalr we;s wdäwïn,u" ó.uqj" udoïfma"l=,shdmsáh" .ïmy m%foaY

5' ;dCIKh lsÍug iqÿiq bvï yd m%Odk ud._$w;=re m%jdykhg bv i,id ;sfío

;eks;,d N+ó iajrEmh jvd;a WÑ; w;r nEjqï iys; kï th mdxY= ud._ c,hg iïnkaO myiq wldrhg bvï ;eks;,d md;a;s f,i ilialr .; hq;=h' fuúg mdxY= lemSu yd msrùï we;s õg ^Earth cut & filling) jvd mdxY= ;o ùulg ,la lsÍu yd wdrCIs; .Dyh bÈlsÍfï§ wod, isú,a bxðfkarejkaf.a l%shdud._ .ekSï l, hq;=h' wrCIs; .Dyh bÈlsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk bvfuka ,nd.; yels c,h jir mqrd m%udKj;a whqßka .=Kd;aul núka ^,jK fyda CIdÍh;djh fyda wêl hlv iys; frda. ldrl j,ska f;dr úh'

bvï j, nEjqï flfia jqjo bvfï nEjqug iß,k ifïÉc wldrhg iu;,d lr.;a ixrCIK l%u iys; j ifudach hq;=h' ^PH w.h 4.5 g wvq 7'5 g jeä iqÿiqh' c,fha PH w.h 5'0 -7'5 olajd c,fha úoaHq;a ikakdhl w.h ógrhg$fi'ó ógrhg 0'00-2'00 b;d fyd|hs 2'00 - 3'00 fyd|hs 3 jvd kqiqÿiq

6' fj<|m, ñ, úfoaYSh fj<|m,

fyda

1' foaYsh fyda úfoaYSh bÈß fj<| .súiqï 2' .súiqï.; úl=Kqï ñ, 3' ixúOdkuh jQ uÜgfï ffohsksl fyda i;sm;d úp,H jk úfYaIs; fj<|fmd,g ,nd§u

7 wdrCIs; .Dyh bÈlsÍu 1' hlv iels,a, 2' fmd,s;Ska fyda oe,a wdjrKh 3' lDñ m%;sfrdaO oe,a wdjrKh 4' c, fmdïmh iys; ìxÿ c, moaO;sh 5' j.d udOH iys; j.du¿

wdrCIs; .Dyfha uQ,sl iels,a, by< .=Khla ie,ajksia hlv ^ilS%hùï ld,h jir 15gjeä wju jeiqï fhdod yd hlv iïnkaOl ;dCIKfhka ksu lr ;sîu' m%Odk jYfhka Ndú;d lrk wfOda rla;kh m%;sfrdao fmd,s;Ska jeäu yd lDñfrdaOl ''''ie,iqï yd wdrCIs; .Dyh bÈ lsÍu tu ;dCIKfha m%ùkhla uÕska bgql< hq;=fõ' fyda

wdrCIs; .Dyfha hlv iels,a, jir 10l CIh ùï hgf;a yd fmd,s;Skh yd lDñ frdaOl oe, jir 4-5l CIh ùï hgf;a jQ wdfhdackh úYaf,aIkhlg Ndckh l, hq;=h'

8 îc"fmdfydr" lDIs ridhk øjH

wod, ld¾h l%shdjg kexùug j.d lkakhg fmrd;=j iq¿ w;sßla; f;d. jYfhka .nvd .; ù ;sìh hq;=h'

úfoaY fj<|fmd, b,lal lrkafkakï ;;;; myiqlïo ;sfío hkak

9 wdrCIs; .Dyfha YIH úoHd;aul Wo( ;jdka md,kh lmamdÿ jQ fmdfydr fhoùu hkak

fuu .%ka;fhys olajd we;s ta'ta fNda.hg wod, jQ YIH úoHd;aulj l%shd l, hq;=h'

tla tla fNda.fha m%fNaohg wkq.; jQ YIH md,k l%u m%Yia: isg Wmßu uÜgul l<ukdldÍ;ajhg <Õd l< lreKq hq;= fõ'

i,ld ne,sh hq;= lreKq

foaYSh

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2.9 Story of the Plant .il l:dj Ydlhlska by< j¾Ok fõ.hla ,nd .ekSu by< wiajekakg fya;=jk w;r ^ndysr n,mEï u; m,sfndaO ydks wju fyda rys; wjia:djl& ta i|yd Ydlfhya jeo.;au fldgi jk tys uQ, uKav,fha ish¿ wjYH;d imqrd,Su uÕska tu j¾.fha$m%fNaofha úNj ^Wmßu& wiajkq ,nd.; yel' Ydl uQ, uKav,fha wjYH;d Ôúhl= uQ,sl wjYH;d yd iudk jk w;r m%Yia: whqßka thg tu wjYH;d ,nd§u Wmßu wiajekafka ryihs'

.il l:dj

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fuu Ydl msysgq ùfï§ uQ,sl fmdfydr f,i ,nd§u muKla uÕska Ydlfha ðú; ld,h ;=, ksr;=reju wjYH ish¿ fmdiafmaÜ ^P2O5 & ,nd§ug m%udKj;a fmdaIl tys udi 3-5-6 wO_ jd¾Isl fyda jd¾Isl fnda. j,g ksr;=rej fmdfydr ,ndÈh hq;=fõ' fya;=j uQ,sl fmdfydr j, we;s fmdiafmaÜ ^P2O5 &mfia pH w.h wkqj ,nd.; fkdyels ;;a;ajhg m;afõ' túg Ydlhg wjYH ld,fha§ wjYH fmdiamria ,nd .ekSug ,nd.; yels fmdiafmÜ ^Available P2O5& fkdue;s ùuhs' fuh mfia$udOHfha pH w.h u; r\ mj;S' ^m%ia:drh n,kak& tneúka mil fmdiamria i,ld ne,Sfï§ mfia pH w.h iudkfõ' w.h iudk fõ' th ,nd.; yels Ndjh ^;srKh lrkak& i,ld ne,sh hq;=fõ

me, wjêh

j¾Ol wjêh

mqIamSlrK wjêh

fïÍfï wjêh

mdxY= f;;ukh c,jykh

fCIa;% Odß;d

fCIa;% Odß;d - úh<s

fCIa;% Odß;d - úh<

mdxY= fmdaIl ;;a;ajh

by<

m,sfndaO md,kh

ukd c, md,kh

jdKsc uÜgfï j.djl ,nd.; hq;= wiajekak .fia M, orK wjia:dfõ jirlg .ilska f.ä 60-75 (125kg/p lant/year) mefmd,a f.äj, meKsri î%laia w.h ^Brix value) 13-15] uÜgfï mj;ajd .ekSug isÿfõ'

jdKscuh frâf,aä mefmd,a j.djla 14

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03' jdKsc f.dúm, wd¾Ól lreKq

msysgqùfï

wdrCIs; .Dy ;=< fnda. j.dfõ jHdmdr msßjeh uQ,slju fuu lDIs jHdmdr ;=,skao j.d lkak mokï jQ jd¾Isl ,dN bmhSfï m%Odk wruqK fmroeß lrf.k lDIs jHjidhl;ajh ^lDIs jHdmdr& jdKsc lDIsld¾ñl m%dfhda.sl l%shdoduhka woyia fõ' fuu jHdmdr fhdod .efkk $wjYH jk bvu yd c, m%Nj ixj¾Okh .dia;= fuu úYaf,aIKfha Y%h ùï j,g wh;a fkdjk by; olajd we;s lreKq ie,ls,a,g Ndckh lr CIh .Kkh lr.; yel' 1'jHdmdrh úiska CIh l< yels j;alï Ndú;d lsÍug wfmaCId lrk ld,mßÉfþoh fyda

CIh .Kkh lsÍfï l%u CIh .Kkh lsÍug úúO wd¾Ól úoHd;aul l%u f;dard .ekSu l<ukdlrKh úiska isÿl, hq;= w;r tu l%uh jHdmdrfha nÿ m%;sm;a;sh fyda ,dNodhs;ajh fkdi,ld ix.; Ndjhlska mj;ajd.; hq;=fõ' tuÕska uQ,H m%ldYk ixikaokd;aulj úYaf,aIKh lsÍug yels jk w;r jHdmdrfha wruqK bgqlrjd .ekSug iu;afõ'

3'1 ia:djr j;alï CIh lsÍu i|yd fhdod.; yels l%u 1' ir, ud._ l%uh Strait Line method 2' ySkjk fYaI l%uh Strait Line method 3' m%;Hd.K l%uh fyj;a Revolïtion method l%uh 4'jI_ .Kkfha tl;=fõ wxl l%uh Sum of the years digits method

2' j;alfï úiska ,nd.ekSug wfmaCIs; ksIamdok fyda ta iudk tall ixLHd M,odhs ðú; ld,h ks¾kh lsÍfï§

5' ksIamdok method

1'wfmaCIs; fN!;sluh f.ùhdu yd jeyeÍu

6' hka;% meh wkqmd;sl l%uh Machine horne based method

2'j;alfï Ndú;h iïnkaOj ks;Suh fyda fjk;a iSudjka 3' h,a mekSu 4' tu j;alï$msßjeh mßfNdackh ^Wly .ekSu& hk lreKq ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=h wdrCIs; .Dy lDIs jHdmdrh ;=, CIh jk j;alï Ndú;hg .kakd ld,iSudj ;=< tajd CIh l, hq;=h'

tall

l%uh Production

7. ydhkh Depletion 8' ksoka wruqo,a l%uh Sinking fund Line method 9' jd¾Isl l%uh Annuily method 10' rlaIK jdßl l%uh Annuily method

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1' ySkjk fYaI l%ufha CIh wkqmd;h .Kkh lsÍu Annuily method r. CIh wkqmd;h n. j;alfï M,odhs ðú; ld,h s. iqka nqka c. msßjeh fkdfyd;a uQ,sl m%d.aOkh 01' ySkjk fYaI l%uh ld,h mokï lr.;a neúka uq,a jI_j, CIh m%;smdok jeä w;r" th l%ufhka wvqfõ' fuu l%ufha§ ksIamdok l%shdldÍ;ajh yd iïnkaO;djhla fkdmj;S' kuq;a l%shdoduh jgyd .ekSu yd .Kkh myiqh' fuu ^rw.h& CIh wkqmd;h ,nd.;a miq wdrCIs; .Dyfha msßjeh ^uQ,sl úhou& ld, iSudj wkqj .Kkh lr jd¾Isl CIh ,nd.; hq;=fõ' 02 'm%;Hd.Kk l%uh fyj;a f;d. l%uh iuyr j;alïj, CIhjk m%udKh ;SrKh l< fkdyels úg tu úIfhys Ys,amSh oekqula we;s jD;slhkaf.a woyia ,ndf. k tu j;alfuys uq,ska ;snQ jákdlu yd j¾;udk jákdlu .Kka n,d tys wvqjla ;sfíkï th CIh ùï f,i i,lkq ,efí' hï jeä ùula ;snqKfyd;a th fkdi,ld yeßh hq;=h' iS>%fhka fjkia jk i;=ka WmlK wd§ j;alï i|yd fuu m%;Hd.Kkh l%uh fhdod.; hq;=fõ'

04' ksIamdok tall l%uh ksIamdokh flfrk ksIamdok tall m%udKh u; mokï ù CIh m%udKh .Kkh lrkq ,efí' fuu l%ufha§ ksIamdok tall m%udKh CIh m%udKhg iDcq iïnkaO;djhla fmkajhs' ld,h ie,lSula rys; wjfndaOlr .ekSug myiq fuu l%uh tall jYfhka y÷kd.; ksIamdok tall j,g fhdod.; yel' 05' hka;% meh wkqmd;sl l%uh hïlsis hka;%hla tu hka;%hg jevl, meh .Kk wkqj CIh lsÍug Ndckh lrkq ,efí' fuh ir< l%uhla jk w;r jgyd .ekSfï myiqjo iys;h' CIh iïnkaOfhka uQ,H m%ldY j, i|yka l, hq;= lreKq hï jHdmdrhl uQ,H m%ldYk j, CIh l, yels j;alï i|yd l< hq;=h' 1. ld, mßÉfPaoh i|yd fjkal, uq¿ CIh m%udKh 2. CIh l,yels j;alïj, o< jákdlu yd wod, iuqÉÑ; CIh m%udKhg 3. .Kkh i|yd fhdod.;a CIh l%uh 4. m%fhdackj;a wkqmd;h

ðú;

ld,h

CIh

5. CIh l%ufha fjkila lrk ,oafoa kï thg fya;=j yd kj CIh l%uh úoyd oelaúh hq;=h'

03' j¾I .Kkfha tl;=fõ oYd l%uhg fnfyúka iudk fõ' fuys§ j¾Ij, tl;=j f.k j¾I wxlhla i|yd fldmuK m%udKhla CIh l< hq;=o hkak ;srKh lrhs' ta wkqj CIh m%udKh .Kka ne,Sug my; iq;%h wkq.ukh l, hq;=fõ'

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wdrCIs; .Dy ;=, fn,afmm¾ ^Colourd Capcicum& j.djl jHdmdr msßjeh weia;fïka;=j 2008 ckjdß - cqks wdrCIs; .Dyh - wdrelal= yeve;s u;=msg iys; m<, 30 È. 70 j._ m%udKh - wä 2100 j._ óg¾ 210 me< m%udKh - j._ ógrhg me, uq¿ me< ixLHdj 1050 j.d ld, mßÉfPaoh 2008 ck-cQ,s ;jdka ld,h i;s 5 j.d ld,h i;s 20 ^udi(5& wä 50 m<, wä 100 È. iu;,d bvula Ndú;d lr we;' bvu ixj¾Ok úhou ^m%d.aOk úhoula f,i we;=,;a lr fkdue;' bvï m%j¾Ok jákdlu w;ßka my; i|yka úhoï ixprl yd wodhï ie,ls,a,g f.k we;'

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04. AGRICUITURE TURN - KEY PROJECT fuhska woyia jkqfha hïlsis lDIsld¾ñl jHdmD;shla wdrïNfha ^inception of idea for a Agri business projct& isg ,dN ,nñka ;sridrj isÿlrf.k hdug wjYH my; i|yka ish¿u wjYH;d imqrd,Suhs' fuys§ ysñlrejka úiska m%d.aOkh fhdojk w;r wod, tackaish fyda WmfoaYlhka úiska tu m%d.aOkh ksis whqßka md,kh lrñka wjYH ish¿u fhojqï fhdojd jHdmdrh wdrïN lr l%shd;aul lr ,dN jHdmdrhla nj wjOdkh lrhs' fïfia Odjkh lrk lDIs jHdmdrfha l<uKdlrk YIH úoHd;aul yd miq wiajkq yd wf,úlrK lghq;= fufyhqu ;=, jHdmdrh isÿlrf.k hkakka yd ysñlrejkaf.a .sKqï.; tlÕ;djfha ^wkqmd;sl fyda m%;sY;& w.h u; ,dN fn§hkq we;'

úhoï

ixprl úfYaI igyk

1'Wiia lDIsld¾ñl ;dCIKfhka l%shd;aul lsÍug tuÕska ,dN m%d.aOk úhoï ,eîug wYdj Wkkaÿj yd lemùu ;sfío hkak 2'ixksfõokh ÿrl:k úoaHq;a ;emE, Comminication, Telephon email etc ,efnk wodhu 3' wdrCIs; .Dyh lDIsl¾uh hgf;a by< jákdlï iys; t<j¿ yd m,;=re High value vegetable and fruit m%d.aOk úhoï crops. u,a yd úis;=re w;=$me, cut flowes/ potted plants,ets fyda iqÿiq fjk;a fNda. ldKavh f;dard .; hq;=h' 4' wdrCIs; .Dy bÈlsÍfï 5' fNda. j.d u¿ j.d udOHh m%d.aOk úhoï 6' j.d wjYH WmlrK yd fuj,ï mqkrdj¾:k úhoï 7' îc fyda me, frdamK øjH 8' lDIs ridhk øjH yd fmdfydr 9' mqyqKq kqmqyqKq Y%uh 10'lDIs WmlrK yd fuj,ï Wo¨$msysh$lmamdÿ msysh$uq,a¨$ j.d ye¢$ Èhr bisk hka;%$ fmr yd mYapd;a wiajkq WmlrK yd fuj,ï

CIh ùï fj; úlsKSfuka miq

wodhï ixprl wfmACIs; wiajekak fY%aKs.; lsÍfuka miq wod, fj<|fmd,

wdrCIs; .Dy hlv iels,a, jir 10 g o fmd,s;Skh jir 4go jir 5lgo CIh flf¾

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jHdmdßl ysñlre yd l%shd;aul lrjkakd w;r tlÕ;djh Agreement between Agri business Owner and turn key projcet implementery agency fuu turn key projcet by; olajd we;s tla ixrplhlg muKla Wjo bgql, yelsh' WodyrK ( j.d N+ñfha ie,eiau yd CIqø c, moaO;s ie,iqïlr Designer úIh bÈßm;a lr tu NdKAv imhd iúlr ^Fertigation iys;& Ndr§u yd bÈßfha mj;sk lghq;= bgqlsÍu f,ihs'

jHdmD;s jHjidhlhd ld¾hh l%shd;aul Agri bisnuness owner/ Work Description lsÍfï Agri enteprenus wdh;k Project Implementery Agency Busness aidea kj jHdmdr woyia iy l%ufõo$   Wmdhud¾.



 

bvï f;aÍu yd ,nd .ekSu' c,fha iq,N;djh" m%udKd;aul yd .=Kd;aul Ndjh' bvï$ mdxY= ixrCIKh$ mia mÍCIdj$ f.dúm, ie,eiau$jdßud¾." CIqø jdßud¾. ie,eiau

 



mQ¾K j.d l<ukdlrK$ j.dj we;=¨ ishÆu YIH lghq;=$ fmdfydr wd§ fhohqï imhd j.dj by< wiajkq lrd f.k hdu



.nvdlrK fY%aKs .; lsÍu$ wf,ú lsÍu (Cold chain project)

îc$ ridhk øjH$ hkaf;%damlrK iemhSu

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05. COLD CHAIN PROJECT hkqfjka woyia lrkqfha hïlsis lDIs ksIamdokhla f,dj ´kEu ia:dkhl mdßfNda.slhd mdßfNda.sl uq¿;ekaf.hs mdßfNda.sl wydr fïihg fhduqjk f;la wod, lDIs fNda. fha fmr wiajkq wjia:d md,kh lr wiajkq fk,Sfuka miq miq Ys; oxje,la ;=,§ th fufyhjd ^handle) lr .nvd lr fY%aKs.; lr" weiqreï lr m%jdykh lr mdßfNda.s lhdf.a ksjfia fyda uq¿;ekaf.a Ys;lrKh olajd fufyhùfï l%shdoduhhs' jdKsc lDIsl¾uhla i|yd fj<|m, b,lal lr.;a f.dú ixúOdk$iñ;s$ iud.ï fufyh ùu j.dlrejka iuQyhla úiska tla tla j.d lrejdf.a mqoa.,sl f.dúmf,ys lDIs ksIAmdok j.dlr tla ia:dkhlg m%jdkh lr ilid Cold Chain l%uh hgf;a fj<|m,g ieliQ fyda w.h tl;= l, ^Value aded) ksIamdokhka f,i wf,úlrKh lsÍu fuu l%shdj i|yd j.dlrejka tl;= ù msysgqjd .kakd iñ;sh ,shdmÈxÑ iud.ï jdKsc f.dúm, rdYshl tl;=j jk w;r fuh my; WodyrKfhka meyeÈ,s flf¾'

.=jka$keõ .; lsÍu

fmÜáj, weiqreï .; lsÍu (Silika jel, Ice hgf;a&

ksYaÑ; wjia:dfõ wiajkq fk,Su 1 Èkfha Wfoa 10g miq

msßisÿ lr Wiia .nvdj 5oC WIaK;ajh

f.dúm, ;=,§ Ys;l, jdyk Retregereted Truck 12oC WIaK;ajh

.=jka f;dgqfmdf,ka miq 12oC Retregereted Truck u.Ska m%jdykh lsÍu

Ys; .nvdj kej; msgg; f.k Y=oaO lsÍu 18oC

wydr weiqreïlrK ia:dkh

f;d.$is,a,r fj<|m, 12oC WIaK;ajh

mdßfNda.slhdf.a ksjig f.kk f;la 5oC WIaK;ajh

Shere Holding Agri Business lDIs jHdmdrh fldgia ksl=;= lDIs jHdmdrhla njg m;alr tluq;= m%d.aOkhl ixÑ;hla iod tu m%d.aOkfhka lDIs jHdmdrh isÿlrf.k hduhs' fuu Shere Hoading Agri Bisiness tlla ;=,o Turn key project jqjo ;sìh yel'

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06. Profit sharing Agri Business oekgu;a mj;s;akdjQ fyda kj lDIs jHdmdrhla jHdmdr ysñlre yd jHdmdrh lrf.k hkakka w;r we;s .súiqï.; tlÕ;djh u; tu ,dN wkqmd;slj fyda m%;sY; wkqj fnod isÿlrkakd jQ ;;a;ajhhs' fuys§ tu lDIs jHdmdrh oekgu;a w,dNodhsj mj;ajdf.k f.dia we;akï jHdmdr ysñlre yd tys l<uKdÍ;ajh isÿlrf.k hk ndysr tacka;jre fyda tu mqoa.,d úiska tu jHdmdrh úúO ,dN uÜgï ,eîfï ;;a;ajhg f.ktaug .súif.k thg tla md¾Yjhl fyda fomd¾Yjhl m%d.aOkh$mqkrdj¾:k úhoï fhdod by< l<uKdldÍ;ajhla ;=, úúO wf,úlrK ud._ th fj<|m,lg ^b;d fyd| fj<|m,lg fhduqlr ;sridr by< ñ,la ,nd§u tu ndysr l<uKdldÍ;ajfha m%Odk wx.hla ù we;&' fhduqlr tu ,dNh wkqmd;slj fyda m%;sY; wldrfhka fnodf.k isÿ lrf.k hk jHdmdrhls'

,dNh fn§ hdu

fj<`ofmd, úl=Kqï ñ, ms<sn`o ;SrKh

f.dúm, fj<`odu ixj¾Okh m%d.aOk fhoùu

wf,úlrKh

miq wiajkq lghq;=

fhojqï hdka;%SlrKh iy hdka;%SlrKh ;=< c, moaO;s j.d yd kv;a;= lghq;=

bvï ixj¾Okh yd bvï ''''

jHdmdßl ysñlu yd l%shd;aul lrjkakd w;r tl`.;djh

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07. Co-oper ative Farm iuQmldr f.dúm, fuu jdKsc f.dúm, tu iuQmdldrfha iu odhl;ajfhka isÿjk w;r f.dúmf,a m%d.aOkh fh§u" l<ukdldÍ;ajh" Y%uh fh§u" miq wiajkq ;dCIKh" .nvdlrkh$ wf,úlrKh iu odhl;ajfhka isÿlrf.k hkakdjQ ;sridr jQ lDIs jHdmdrhls' fuys ,dN fn§ hduo iu m%udK j,ska jk w;r ;sridr meje;au i|yd jk wdfhdackho iuodhl;ajfhka isÿ lrhs'

Protected Agriculturel Enterprnus As sociation - PAEA fuuÕska j.dlrejka yg fiajdjkays yd ;sridr Ndjhla we;' ^Services and sustain ability for growers& fuu iud.u uÕska ixpdrl jHdmdrh" fj<|m, iuQyh" .=jka fiajd" keõ fiajd" wdydr øjH i|yd iQCIu j.d l%u hgf;a j.dlr wLKavj imhkq ,efí' lDIs fj<| jHdmdßl úNjhka 1'i;shlg ls'.%E 500 iemhSug yels wdfhdaclhska iuQy jHdmdrh i|yd iud.ulg .súiqu l%shd;aul lsÍug újD; lr we;' 2' i;shlg kejqï iafg%danß ls'.%Eï 200la iemhSug 3' i;shlg foys ls'.%Eï 50la iemhSu 4' i;shlg herbs ls'.%E' -Corriender -Baci -mint

fuu iñ;sfhys iud.fuys iudðl;ajh ,ndf.k j.dlrejkag .súiqï.; lDIs jHdmdßlfhl= úh yel'

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08. Secret of yield enhancing of plants (Commercial farming) lDIsl¾u jdKsc;ajhg f.k hdug fhdod.; hq;= Wmdh ud¾. Strategies to be used for commercial farming lDIsl¾u jdKsc;ajhg f.k hdfï§ my; Wmdh ud¾. wkq.ukh l,hq;= fõ' Agriculture (Technical &Management 1' j.dfõ l<uKdldÍ;ajh by< uÜgul mej;sh hq;=hs' jvd jeo.;a jkafka hï moao;shl we;s l<uKdldÍ;ajh u; tu moaO;sh r\ mj;akdf.a ^Wod( mdi,l wOHdmkh r\ mj;skafka tys l<uKdldÍ;ajfha uÜgï ;=,h& lDIsl¾ufha§ fuu l<uKdlrKh uOHu uÜgfï fkdj by< uÜgul isg yd bka Tíng .sh tlla úh' fuh Agriculture (Technical) Management f,i ye¢kaúh yel' fï i|yd ukd Wkkaÿj yd lemùu (Encorrage and sacrifisation& ;sìh hq;=h' f.dúm,l ÿria: md,l mßmd,kh ^Remort control Managment& isÿlr jdKscl;ajhg hd fkdyel' l<uKdlre$whs;slre f.dúmf,ys mÈxÑj isg isÿl, l<uKdldÍ;ajh ^Resident Manager owner &fï i|yd ;sìh hq;=h' 2 ' .ilg wiajekak ^Yield per plants& hk m%dfhda.sl l%uhg m<uqj is;kak' wlalrhg fyda fylaghdrhlg .ia fldmuKo hkak is;kak$.Kka .; lrkak' wjidk jYfhka Tng ,nd.; yels Wmßu wiajekak$úNj wiajekak ms<sn| wkqudk lrkak' tu wiajekak ,nd.ekSug wêIaGdk lr .kak' tu wiajekak ,nd .ekSug my; Wmdh ud¾.

m%dfhda.slj ^wksjd¾fhkau& lrkak' Wod( ;lald,s fnda.h

l%shd;aul

3' m%dfhda.sl yd fj<|m, b,lal lrf.k l%shd;aul lrk j.d ie,eiau $j.dlrejkaf.a ;sìh hq;=h' (Market Oriented Copping plan Calender) 4' mdxY= ixrCIKh$mfia c, jyk lghq;= f.dúm, ud¾. yd c, iïmdok moaO;shg wkqj id¾:lj fNda. msysgqùug ixj¾Okh lr .kak' 5' jk i;=ka $óhkaf.a ydks we;s úg f.dúm, wdrCIl jeg i;aj wdrCIl oe,la ^Animal Protection Net& fhdod wdrCId lr .kak' 6' .=Kd;aufhka hq;= îc f;dard .kak' foaYsh m%fNao fyda foaYsh fouqyqï m%fNao fï i|yd Ndú;d l, hq;= w;r" foaYsh m%fNao uÕskao ìxÿ$úiqreï c, iïmdok iuÕ fmdfydr c, iïmdokh hgf;a wfmaCIs; wiajekak ,nd.; yels nj fuys l;=jrhdf.a m%dfhda.slj w;aoelSu ,nd we;' 7' ;jdka Ndú;dlrk fNda. j, ;jdka me, ,nd.ekSu i|yd n÷ka ;jdka ;dCIKh" ;eá ;jdka" l=Üá ;jdka" merIqÜ ;jdka ;dCIKh Ndú;d l, yelsh' idïm%odhsl ;jdka l%u j,g jvd kj ;dCIKsl ;jdka l%u j,§ me, .,jd bj;a lsÍfï§ 20]-28] jeä wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh' 8' fnda. me< wjêfha isg wiajekak fk,d bj;a lrk ;=re c, iïmdokh ksisf,i bgqlr fnda.fha uq¿ ld,h ;=,u mi u;=msg f;;ukh r|jd ;ndf.k mdxY=

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01/01/2008 03:04:43

f;;uk ;;a;ajh fCIa;% Odß;d w.hg wdikak w.hl mj;ajd .ekSu uÕska fnda. uQ, uKav,fha jdhq ^O2& wjYH;djh yd c,ho imqrd,ñka úNj wiajekak lrd fnda.h mj;ajd.; yelsfõ' fuf,i imhk c,hg fmdaIl ^fmdfydro& tl;= lr fmdfydr c, iïmdokh ^Fertigation& isÿ lrñka j¾Ol wjêfha wjYH fmdfydr ,nd §fuka idudkH wiajkq j,g jvd fo;=ka .=Khlska wiajkq jeälr .; yelsh' ^msgqj Ydlhl l:dj n,kak& fuys§ taldnoaO me<Eá fmdaIK l%ufõoh wkq.ukh lsÍu jeo.;a fõ' 9' fnda. msysgqùfï isg yels iEu wjia:d jl§u lDIsld¾ñl hkaf;%damlrK Ndú;d lrkak' ^msgqj - hdka;%SlrKh& 10' lmamdÿj yd mqyqKq lsÍu wdOdrl iemhSu ^Trenching and pruning of the plant& t<j¿ fnda. jk ngq" ñßia" ;lald,s" m,;=re Ydl fuka lmamdÿ lrkak' 11' m,sfndaO md,kh fnda. j.dfõ§ uq, isgu j¾Ol wjêfha§ fnda.hg ydksodhl jk frda. m,sfndaO

ksis wjia:dfõ§ y÷kd.ksñka wju lDIs ridhkslhka Ndú;d lr fnda.h ikSmdrCIlj mj;ajd .ekSu fuys§ isÿl, hq;=hs' fuúg taldnoaO me<Eá ixrpl l%u fh§u fhda.H fõ' lDñ yd frda. fukau j.dj j,a me<Eá j,ska f;dr ùu ^Weed free crop cultivation& úNj wiajkq ,nd .ekSfï jvd;au jeo.;a lreKq fõ' 12' ksis fj,djg wiajekak fk,Su m%jdykh" ieliSu" fY%aKs.; lsÍu" weiqreï.; lsÍu" fj<|m, fj; m%jdykh ^Cold chane project n,kak&jeo.;a fõ' wf,úlrKh  jir mqrd iaÓr ñ,la hgf;a wf,úlrKh  wjdrhg wiajkq bÈßm;alr by, ñ,la ,nd.ekSu  úfoaY fj<|fmd< b,lal lr ksmoùu$fj<\u 13' w.h tl;= l< (Value addition) ksIamdok ieliSu f.dúmf,a isg mßfNdack wjYH;d wjia: dj f;la ksIamdÈ;hka ieliSu fyda ksIamdÈ;hg w.hla tl;= lsÍu fuhska woyia flf¾'

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01/01/2008 03:04:44

09' jdKsc lDIsl¾uh i|yd Wiia ;jdka ;dCIKh ^Advance Nursery Technology for commercial farming& jdKsc lDIsl¾ufha§ Wiia ;dCIK fõohka fhdod .ekSfï§ ;jdka ;dCIKho Ydlfha j¾Ok l%shdj,shg ndOdjla fkdjk whqre m%Yia: uÜgñka mj;ajd .ekSu w;HjYH lreKls' iïm%odhsl ;jdka l%u fjkqjg fhdod .; yels Wiia ;djdka ;dCIK l%u fõohka '''''''''"

idïm%odhsl ;jdka l%u md;a;s l%uhg ;jdka oeóu Wod( ;lald,s$ñßia$ud¿ñßia$ ngq fuys ;jdka mi ms<siaiSfuka fyda fjk;a l%u fõohka uÕska cSjdKqyrkh lr ;jdka md;a;s j, tla me,hla ia:dmkh lrk ;=re tla me,hla i|yd úhoug îc we;=,;a lr fkdue;

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01/01/2008 03:04:45

Wiia ;jdka ;dCIK l%u

n÷ka l, ;jdka

fkdßfvdflda l=Üá ;jdka

;eá ;jdka iaghsfrdf*daï ^frðf*daï ;eá ;jdka&

me, 63 la ,nd.; yels ;eá ;jdkla me,hlg úhou

uÕska fCIA;%fha me, ia:dms; lrk f;la tla

;eáhl m%d.aOk úhou re' 115 jir 10 Ndú; l< yels neúka tla ;jdkla i|yd ;eáfha CIh jákdlï úhou re'15'00 f,i fhdod we;' ;eáh i|yd úhou re'15'00 udOH 2(1(1 re'25'00 ^fldïfmdaiaÜ ÈrE f.du ms<siaiQ oyhshd" fldyqn;a& îc i|yd hk úhou tla tla fnda. wkqj fjkiafõ'

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01/01/2008 03:04:47

10' ìxÿ yd úiqreï c, iïmdokh hgf;a jdKsc f.dúm, msysgqùu CIqø c, iïmdok ;dCIKh hgf;a m%Odk wx.hla jk ìxÿ fyda úiqreï ^Drip and spriter srrition& c, iïmdokh ;dCIKh hgf;a c, iïmdokh yd fmdfydr c, iïmdokh l%shd;aul lsÍfuka my; oelafjk M,odhs;djhka ,nd.; yelsfõ' fjk;a c, iïmdok l%u yd iei§fïÈ ìxÿ yd úiqreï c, iïmdokfhka wiajkq fo.=K f;.=K lr.; yels ùu' ìxÿ yd úiqreï l%ufhka ms<sfj;a c,h 40] yd 25] 30] b;sß lr .; yel fï wkqj c, fmdïm l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ bkaOk fyda úÿ,s n,ho" c, fmdïmfha l%shdldß l,o b;sßfõ' mdxY= Ldokhka isÿ fkdjk ;rïh c, iïmdok l%uh Wfoid N=ñfhys we,ud._ fyda fj;a wjYH i`oyd bvfï fjka lsÍu wjYH fkdjk neúka bvfuys j.d l, yels im, ìï m%udKh 20] 28] la jeä fõ' fmdfydr c, iïmdok (fertigation and chamigation Tecology) ;dCIKh

l%shd;aul lsÍu u`.ska fnda.fha fmdaI l wjYH;djh ld,skj ñkqï .;lr ,ndÈh yels ùu' ukd fmdaIl l,jï lrf.k ridhksl fmdfydr 20] muK b;sßlr.; yels fõ' fjk;a c, iïmdok l%u j,g jehjk Y%uh yd iei§fñ§ c, iïmdokhg jehjk Y%uh 80] muKp j,a me, md,kh ioyd jehjk Y%ufha 40] la o 60] lDIs ridhk fh§fïÈ jehjk Y%ufhka 40] la muK o b;sß lr .; yels fõ' 11' wfmaCIs; wiajekak ìxÿ c, iïmdokh hgf;a .ilg lsf,da .%Eï 5-8 ^kg/Plant& wlalr 1g .ia .Kk 20000 wiajekak .ilg lsf,da .%Eï 6x 20000 uq¿ wiajekak lsf,da .%Eï 120000 .f,aj, Mï'tï' rKanxvd uy;d ,nd.;a wiajekak 18000 lska wlalrhg iudkH c, iïmdokfha w;S; 9750 l wla 1g úiqreï c, moaO;shg c, fmdïmh rys;j wdfhdackh l, uqo, re'180"000 2011 jir úiqreï c, moaO;shl iM, Ôú; ld,h jir 10

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01/01/2008 03:04:48

12' jdKsc lDIsl¾u i|yd iQ¾h n, úÿ,s n, ìxÿ c, iïmdokfhka iq¿ mßudK t<j¿ j.dj Solar powered drip irrigation technology for small land holdings vegetable cultivation (Hydro power or Fossil energy free water pumping for drip irrigation) iQ¾h mek,hla ^fudähq,hla& uÕska úÿ,sh ^150 Whr& ksmojd tu úÿ,sh Maxcimum powerpoint tracker Wmßu úÿ,s Woamdol veye.ekSfï WmlrKhla uÕska /f.k (Positive displacement water pump) c, fmdïmhg /f.k wla' 1$2 l ^j'ó' 4000l& ìxÿ c, iïmdokh l< yels Inline driper (1Lph at 30cm spacing) k< moaO;shla uÕska fmdfydr c, iïmdokh iys; (Fertigation technology) t<j¿ j.d N+ñhla j.d lsÍu'

uQ,sl wdfhdackh bvu wla 1$2 j'ó 2000 fyd¢ka c, jykh jk je,auh mil fkdúh hq;=h' iu;,d kï jvd;a WÑ; kuq;a 20-30] olajd nEjqï bvul j.dl, yel' fuúg c, m%jdyk bvug wka;¾.; l, ;sìh hq;=h' Èklg ,Sg¾ 8000l ,nd.; yels fyda ^mmjkj& c, m%Njhka bvu wdikakfha msysàu jvd;a fhda.H fõ' iQ¾hh ìxÿ c, iïmdok lÜg,hg re' 35000 jákdlula j.d lkakh 3-4 § uQ,sl m%d.aOkh Wmhd.; yels ñßia" ud¿ ñßia" ;lald,s fjk;a t<j¿ wkakdis" nq,;a meKs flduvq jeks fnda. b;d fyd| fj<|fmd, ñ,l§ fuu j.d lkakh 3-4 § uq¿ m%d.aOkh mshjd .; yelsfõ'

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01/01/2008 03:04:49

13' i;aj - fnda. taldnoaO f.dúm, "INTEARATED FARM" úúO i;aj ksIamdok ixrplhka iuÕ úúO fnda. j.dlr ;sridr jQ jdKsc f.dúm, fujeks jdKsc f.dúm,l jeo.;afõ' fj<|m,g Assortment of Agriculture Projcet and value added Product bÈßm;a lsÍu

fnda. t<j¿ m,;=re l=¿ nvq fnda. ù$iy,a fld< t<j¿ ñá uqrex.d fjka;a w,xldr Ydl

i;aj ksIamdok fjk;a l=l=<a uia - ì;a;r ó meKs jgq l=re¿ ì;a;r ìïu,a W!rE uia t¿ uia t<lsß"ólsß fhda.Ü ksIamdok ñßÈh u;aiH l¿ l=x

fhojqï ldnksl fmdfydr Vermi Conpest .j fmdfydr l=l=,a fmdfydr t¿ fná fmdfydr

book-1_new18.indd 29

01/01/2008 03:04:51

14' wjdrhg rUqgka wiajekakla Y%S ,xldfõ fndafyda m,d;a j, rUqgka j.dfõ wiajekak wfm%a, - uehs j,È ,efí fuys lkak jdrhg ,efnk wia jekak fú' fïjeks wiajekak Y%S,xldfõ wjdrhgo ,nd.; yel' ta fldfydauo Y%S,xldfõ fldia,kao" y,aÿïuq,a, l¨ - Ysfnr m%foaYfha lDIsfnda. wNsck rUqgka ioyd isÿlrkak fuu m%foaYh RA idfmaCI wd¾O;djh WIak;ajh fuu mrdihla jk w;r jdf¾ fkdjeïn¾ foieïn¾ ckjdß fmnrjdß wiajekak /f.k rUqgka wkjHY fukau fyda thg jvd jeä jdKsc;djh f.ä 1000 Y;lhg f.ähl ñ, re 30 i`oyd jehjk Y%ufha 10] 50] o b;sß lr .; yels fõ' fmdfydr c, iïmdok ;dCIKh l%shd;aul lsÍfu§ fhdokakdjq fmdfydr N=.; c,hg tl;= fkdùu ksid N+.; mdßißl jYfhka ÿIKh fkdfõ' isudldß idOl ìxo yd úÿreï c, iïmdok ;dCIKfha iSudldÍ iOl f,i uq,Sl wNsckh idfmaCIj jeä nj ukd ;dCIKhlska l%shd;aul lsÍu ,jK iys; c,h Ndú; flf¾ iqm¾ ysrúfï ^cogging drippe& ^fuu iqm¾ ysrùuo laf,daÍ m%;sYIh yd wdï,sl;djh hgf;a ìxÿ bj;a l< yel & hk lreKo ;dCIKh we;s nj ;yjqre lró'

book-1_new18.indd 30

01/01/2008 03:04:51

15' wdCIs; .Dy lDIsl¾uh Green house Farming Cultivations under Plant house bxðfkareuh úHQyh(- Arch Irigation j.dl, yels fnda. (- fn,a fmm¾" i,do" msmsCoaCod" ;lald,s"fld,s*j¾"i,do" fyda fjk;a ´kEu t<j¿ m,;=re" u,a j¾. cfnrd" ldfkaIka" frdai" weka;=ßhï wdfhdackh(- j._ wählg re'350-400 ^2012& ìxÿ c, iïmdokh yd c, fmdaIs; yd forgation iys; Breek þlant :- High year 18 month 3 seeson

book-1_new18.indd 31

01/01/2008 03:04:54

16' lgql foaY.=K ;;aj hgf;a ^wêl j¾Ij& t<j¿ m,;=re ksIamdokh i|yd Plant net house fyda jeis wdjß; .Dy wêl jeis j,ska fmd,s;Ska fyda fnda. wdrCId jk w;r .Dyfha we;=,; ì;a;s Wiska isú,su;a wldrhg fmdÿ 50] fijk oef,ka we;=,g wjYH fijk ,nd.; yel' fu jeis wdjß; .Dyfha ie,l= úg yd tys iudkH fnda. f,i wuqñßia j.dfõ isÿ lsÍu .Dyfha jmißh j'wä 1000 j'ó 100 j'ó' me< - 4-5 uq¿ me< .Kk - 400 me<hl wiajekak - 1'5-2'5 Kg uq¿ wiajekak 800 Kg f.dúm,a úl=Kqï ñ, yd uq¿ wodhu re ' 100 uq¿ wodhu re' 80000 j¾;udk wiajekk 1000

book-1_new18.indd 32

01/01/2008 03:04:55

16'1' jeis wdj¾;s; .Dy j<j¿ j.dfõ wdodhï úhoï jd¾;dj jmißh j'wä'1000 24' x 42' (7x15 met) me;s Wi'2.4 m

úhou

m%d.aOk úhou CIh jákdlu 01' bÈlsÍï úhoï iys;j 100000 jir 5000 '00 m%Odk ie,ls,a, 1 1$4 GI 10lg CIh Ndú;h jákdlu 10"8000 02' bÈlsÍï úhoï iys;j yd fijk oe,a i|yd 24500'00 15000'00 03' wYaj n, 1 c, 39500'00 4950'00 fmdïmh fmdfydr fmdfydr gexlsh iuÕ ìxÿ jir 4g c, moaO;sh 9875'00 04' ;jdka ;eá 10 mqkrdj¾;k úhoï >k wä 1 fldïfmdaiaÜ ñY%K j.d u¨ 420 re' 60 neÕska

50"000'00 jir 10l CIh jákdlu 5000'00

me, .Kk 500 me, wiajekak 3 kg 1500 kg uq¿ wiajekak idudkH f.dúm, úl=Kqï ñ, re' 125'00 wodhu re' 187500'00 úhou re' 117525'00

2500'00 675'00

1250'00 05' îc yd ;jdka md,k úhou

6300'00

06' fmdfydr i|yd úhou

10000'00

07' lDIs ridhk i|yd úhou 08' j.dfõ wiajekak fk,d wjidkh olajd Y%u úhoï Y%u tall 100x600

2500'00

60000'00

117525'00

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CIh ùï Depreciation j;alul CIh l< yels jákdlu tys weia;fïka;=j .; m%fhdackj;a Ôú; ld,h mqrd l%uj;a wldrhg fnod yeÍu fuuÕska isÿ flf¾' fuúg .sKqï ld, mßfÊofha Y=oaO ,dNhg w,dNhg tl;= lÍu l, hq;=h' fuu CIh hgf;a tu NdKavfha$fiajfha j;_ udk jákdlu tys ßú ld,h ;=< CIh ùug ,lalr tlatla jirlg$uy lkakhg th m%d.aOkfha úhoï fldgila '''úhoug tl;= flf¾' wdrCIs; Ydl lDIsl¾ufhao my; j;alï CIh lsÍugh' j;alï ft;sydis fyda j¾;udk msßjeh fjkqjg uQ,H m%ldYj, oelafjk wdfoaYs; m%udKfhka

CIh l, yels jákdlu

msßjeh jákdlu

fyda wjfYaI

1' jHqy.; bxðfkareuh ie,iqula hgf;a bÈlrk ,o .e,ajkhsia hlv wdrCIs; .Dy iels,a, yd jHqyh Wod( j'wä 2000 j'w' úhou 2' wdrCIs; .Dyfha jy,hg fhdok fmd,s;skh 3' wdrCIs; .Dy iels,a,g .Dyhg 4' ìxÿ c, iïmdokh moaO;sh c, fmdïmh iys; 5' j.d udOH we;=¿ j.d u,a, yd j.d WmlrK 6' ;jdka ;eáKs iafm%a hka;% yd fuj,ï

210

30 40

50 40

j;alfï weia;fïka;a .; wjfYaI jákdlu wvq lsÍfuka m;% ,efnk w.hhs' wjfYaI jákdlu fyj;a iqkanqka jákdlu hï j;alul M,odhs ðú; ld,h wjidkfha tys wjfYaI$iqkanqka w.h b;d iq¿ m%udKhla kï th fkdi,ld yer msßjeh fyda uq,a ;lafiare w.h iïmQ¾Kfhkau CIh l, yel' CIh m%udKh ;SrKh lrk idOl 1. j;alfï msßjeh fyda m%;siïmdok w.h 2. j;alfï M,odhs wdhQ ld,h 3. j;alfï weia;fïka;=.; wjfYaI jákdlu 4. j;alfï m%fhdackhg .kakd wdldrh

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