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LEVERAGING DIGITAL ID AND E-KYC FOR THE FINANCIAL INCLUSION OF FORCIBLY DISPLACED PERSONS (FDPs): RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES
APPENDIX A ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES WITH RESPECT TO THE LENGTH OF PROTRACTED DISPLACEMENT The table below compares the financial needs of FDPs and their availability in the three focus countries with respect to the length of protracted displacement.
RWANDA: AVAILABILITY OF FINANCIAL SERVICES WITH RESPECT TO NEEDS157 PHASE
FINANCIAL NEEDS
CURRENT AVAILABILITY
TRANSIT
> C ash aid for food, shelter, medical care, and possibly debt incurred during transit
UNHCR, in partnership with WFP, provides cash aid and in-kind food assistance to eligible FDPs. As part of this cash transfer program, a bank account linked with a Mastercard debit card is opened for the eligible refugee households. Refugees can withdraw cash from the Equity Bank agents in the camp.
(1-3 MONTHS)
> Remittances (in a few cases)
Some refugees may have access to the LEAF mobile wallet to make remittance transactions.
EARLY DISPLACEMENT (3-12 MONTHS)
> Cash aid for basic needs, subsistence and urgent care
UNHCR, in partnership with WFP, provides cash aid and in-kind food assistance to FDPs.
> Savings and remittances, in some cases
Refugees have limited access to savings and remittances. However, these services, especially savings, are provided through Equity Bank. The mobile wallet is provided by MTN. Some refugees may have access to the LEAF mobile wallet to make remittance transactions.
> Micro-consumer credit for household appliances, business, and education
The majority of refugees access informal credit from shopkeepers in the camps. Airtel and Tigo are also in the process of forming partnerships with banks to offer micro-credit to refugees in Rwanda.
PROTRACTED DISPLACEMENT (1-3 YEARS)
PERMANENCE (>3 YEARS)
Savings, remittances, micro-credit and loans |for businesses, and micro-insurance
Refugees in urban areas like Kigali and Huye have access to savings, remittances, and small micro- loans.
Sophisticated financial products including pension plans, transnational products etc.
There is no clear evidence to determine if the refugees have access to sophisticated financial products like pension plans yet.
The Equity Bank has started to offer some of these services (savings and remittances) to the refugees in rural camps.
157 Zimmerman, Jamie M. Weisert, Natascha. Albert, Joscha. 2017. GPFI Policy Paper on Financial Inclusion of Forcibly Displaced Persons - Priorities for G20 Action. Available at: https://www.gpfi.org/publications/gpfi-policy-paper-financial-inclusion-forcibly-displaced-persons-priorities-g20-action )
