b_ Introductions

Figures 113-115: A sample of VLR covers: the Floralis Generica of Buenos Aires, the cultural heritage of Oaxaca and the central library Oodi in Helsinki

b_ Introductions

Cities often write a presentation to present their case for reporting on the localization of sustainable development in their territory. In many cases, these include references to cultural aspects. • The Opening Statement of New York provides a solid narrative for the explicit and operational role of culture in sustainable development efforts: “Cities are on the forefront of some of the world’s most urgent challenges, and as hubs of the global economy, innovation, and culture, our urban centers have also proved to be where solutions to some of humanity’s toughest problems are found”. A similar sentence is found in the Letter to the Citizens of Santana de Parnaíba and the Statement of Kitakyushu. • The presentation of Shimokawa depicts a “challenging history and true character” and becomes a commitment to put “wisdom, ingenuity and hard work into action to face crises and difficulties” and

“creativity to generate fresh, untapped value”. Toyama is introduced as “a city rich in culture and history”. • Bristol is presented as being “creative and diverse” whose “international history is reflected in its contemporary diversity”. Bristol is seen as “a hub of cultural and technological innovation” and famous for its music (the birthplace of drum and bass and trip hop) and street art (“thanks to artists such as

Banksy”, “it hosts the largest street art festival in Europe”). Also Bristol explains that it “is also known for its maritime history” (….). [It] has been an important port in England for much of its history. It was first listed as a trading port in the Anglo-Saxon chronicle of 1051. It was from Bristol that some of the first

European ships sailed west to explore uncharted waters.” • Buenos Aires states that the purpose of the Local Implementation of the 2030 Agenda is “to create a city to enjoy that ensures social integration and where all residents can develop their full potential with creativity and innovation”. Buenos Aires is presented as “a remarkably eclectic urban profile, highlighted by its cultural offer and pluralism and its nightlife. The gastronomic, cultural and architectural identity of the City is nourished by foreign influences”.