the arts could have great potential for supporting health, but they still remain an under-tapped resource that need to be harnessed effectively to realize their potential. Further implementation studies could move this field closer to that goal. Finally, there is limited evidence of the impact of policy implementation, such as how increases or decreases in the funding or provision of the arts in different countries are linked with increases or decreases in the incidence or prevalence of health conditions. Consequently, there is a need to ensure the inclusion of questions on arts and cultural engagement in cohort studies to facilitate more longitudinal research on arts engagement, including natural experiments of policy interventions. Where specific interventions are trialled (e.g. a city becoming European City of Culture) and suitable cohort data are not available for tracking, the development of robust evaluations involving new large-scale data collection should be considered.
3.3 Policy considerations A number of considerations can be derived from the evidence mapped in this report; these target both the cultural and the social care and health sectors. Acknowledge the growing evidence base for the role of the arts in improving health and well-being by: supporting the implementation of arts interventions where a substantial evidence base exists, such as the use of recorded music for patients prior to surgery, arts for patients with dementia and community arts programmes for mental health; sharing knowledge and practice of arts interventions that countries have found effective in their context to promote health, improve health behaviours or address health inequalities and inequities; and supporting research in the arts and health, particularly focusing on policyrelevant areas such as studies that examine interventions scaled up to larger populations, or studies that explore the feasibility, acceptability and suitability of new arts interventions.
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Recognize the added health value of engagement with the arts by: ensuring that culturally diverse forms of art are available and accessible to a range of different groups across the life-course, especially those from disadvantaged minorities;
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