Manual and Guide for Scholarly Writing Applying APA 7th Edition
•
To know how to write bibliographic records using different resources.
•
To understand the relationship that exists between reference list and citations found in the text of any work.
•
To realize the importance of documenting any research work through the use of a bibliography or list of references.
Objectives
Reference Lists • • •
•
They are included at the end of the paper and are titled “References”, not in bold anymore. Each entry in the reference list must be cited in the text and vice versa. It is a list of bibliographic resources used and organized in alphabetical order that appears at the end of any scholarly text. It is organized using the author's surname(s), in alphabetical order or by title if the source does not have a recognizable author.
Basic Page Formatting
Double-spaced, 1” margins, 10-12 standard font, standard sized paper
Page number in upper right corner
Shortened title, all capital letter in header upper left corner.
Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
Sections and Pages ď ľSections:
Title Page, Abstract (if required), Main Body, and References
Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
More Formatting Center
and bold the (full) title of the paper at the top of the first content page Type the text double-spaced with all sections following each other without a break or added spaces Identify the sources you use in the paper with either narrative citations or parenthetical intext citations Format tables and figures
Five Level Heading System
APA Publication Manual, 7th) edition
Example of Five Level Heading System
Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
Reference Page Formatting Center
the title (References) at the top of the page, not bold
Double-space reference entries
Flush left the first line of the entry and indent subsequent lines
Order entries alphabetically by the surname of the first author of each work.
Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
Citations Follow the same guidelines for parenthetical and narrative citations when summarizing or paraphrasing a longer chunk of text. Parenthetical citation: EX: In one study that consisted of 467 young adults, it was found that social media use may not directly affect mental health; rather, it depends on how young adults use social media (Berryman, Ferguson, & Negy, 2018). Narrative citation: EX: Berryman, Ferguson, and Negy (2018) sampled 467 young adults about their social media use and mental health and found that social media use may not directly affect mental health; rather, it depends on how young adults use social media.
ď ľ
Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
Citations A Work by Two Authors
Name both authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses each time you cite the work. Use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in parentheses.
Research by Harris and Smith (2018) supports...
(Harris & Smith, 2018)
A Work by Three or More Authors
List only the first author’s name followed by “et al.” in every citation, even the first, unless doing so would create ambiguity between different sources.
(Pense et al., 2019)
Pense et al., (2019) suggest...
In et al., et should not be followed by a period. Only "al" should be followed by a period. Since et al. is plural, it should always be a substitute for more than one name.
Reference Lists • • • •
The works of the same author are arranged chronologically. The document recovery date is not included. The period is not written after the web address (URL). When the author and publisher are the same, the word "Author" is used instead of the publisher's name.
Reference Lists
FOR LEGAL RESOURCE REFERENCES, REFER TO THE BLUE BOOK: A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF CITATION.
IF THE DOCUMENT WAS TAKEN FROM A DATABASE AND IT HAS A “DOI NUMBER”, IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO INCLUDE THE NAME OF THE DATABASE WHERE IT WAS RECOVERED.
ď ľ The
Creating References
titles of magazines or books are in italics. In the case of magazines, the italic letter ranges from the magazine title to the volume number, including the commas before and after the volume number.
ď ľ A single
space is left after each punctuation mark.
Books One author
Gagné, R. M. (1985).The conditions of learning and theory of instruction. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Two authors
Palacios, J., y Repilado, F. (2005). An alternative methodology for virtual labs in general physics for engineering careers. Universidad de Oriente. Departamento de Física Aplicada.
Books Chapter of an edited book: Park, O. & Lee, J. (2004). Adaptive instructional systems. In D. H. Jonassen. Editor (2nd ed.)., Handbook of research on educational communications and technology . (pp. 651-684). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Pub.
Electronic Books E-book Bonnie, R. J., & O’Connell, M. (2003). Reducing underage drinking: A collective responsibility. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. http://netlibrary.com E-reader Simon, S. (2012). Fun facts about pets. [E-reader version]. www.amazon.com
Thesaurus Navarrete,
. R. I. (1998). Un tesoro de expresiones comerciales y legales:
Inglés - español = A @thesaurus of comercial and legal expressions: Spanish English. México D.F: Inst. Mexicano de Contadores Públicos.
Government Document
National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness. (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Journals Article with one author ď ľ
Michael, K. Y. (2001). The effect of a computer simulation activity versus a hand on activity on product creativity in technology education. Journal of Technology Education, 13, 70-77.
Article with two authors ď ľ
Bennett, C. H., & DiVicenzo, D.P. (2000). Quantum information and computation. Nature, 404, 247255.
Journals Journal article, three to six authors Saywitz, K.J., Mannarino, A.P., Berliner, L. & Cohen, J.A. (2000). Treatment for sexuality abused children and adolescents. American Psychologist, 55, 1040-1049 Journal article, more than six authors Wolchik, S. A., West, S.G., Sandler, I.N., Tein, J., Coastworth, D., Lemgua, L., Griffin, W.A. (2000). An experimental evaluation of theory-based mother and mother-child programs for children of divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 843856.
Internet Documents Paniagua,
S. (2007). Aprender haciendo, formación basada en simuladores. Revista Electrónica Educaterra, 12, 1-5. http://www.educaterra.com
Article from a Magazine Obtained from Data Banks ď ľ Byrne,
E. F. (2002). Business ethics: A helpful hybrid in search of integrity. Journal of Business Ethics, 37, 121-133.
Article with DOI Number Stultz, J. (2006). Integrating exposure therapy and analytic therapy in trauma treatment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(4), 482-488. doi:10.1108/03090560710821161
Newspaper Article
Ferrer, M. (2000, 14 de julio). El Centro de Bellas Artes escenario para 12 estrellas de ópera. El San Juan Star, p. 24. In
newspaper articles, the abbreviation p. when the quote is on one page. In citations of two or more pages pp is used.
Bulletins Bulletin without author ď ľ The
New Health-care lexicon. (1983, August/September). Copy Editor, 4, 1-2.
Bulletin with author ď ľ
Brown, L.S. (1993, Spring). Antidomination training as a central component of diversity in clinical psychology education. The Clinical Psychologist, 46, 83-87.
Electronic Magazines ď ľ Ortiz,
M. (2002, June 3). How to burn more calories. El Nuevo DĂa. http://www.endi.com
Legal Resources Laws of Puerto Rico Annotated: Law
of Minors of 2010, 4 L.P.R.A (2010)
Decisions of Puerto Rico: Rivera
Suárez v. Department of Labor of PR, 145 DPR 435 (2000)
Thesis ď ľ Beck,
G. (1992). Bullying amongst incarcerated young offenders. Unpublished Masters Thesis, Birbeck College, University of London.
ď ľ Biswas,
S. (2008). Dopamine D3 receptor: A neuroprotective treatment target in Parkinson's disease. Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations. (AAT 3295214)
Conferences and Symposiums ď ľ Published
Barlow, D. H., Chorpita, B. F., & Turovsky, J. (1996). Fear, panic, anxiety, and disorders of emotion. In R. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 43. Perspectives on Anxiety, Panic, and Fear. (pp. 251-328). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Personal Communication Private
letters, memos, email, group discussions, phone conversations, and messages on the bulletin board - text only.
Narrative citation A.
S. Rivera (personal communication, August 4, 2012) also agrees with us.
Parenthetical Another
citation
teacher also agrees with us (Rivera, personal communication, August 12, 2012).
Videos and Motion Pictures Motoki,
S. (Producer), & Kurosawa, A. (Director). (1954). Shichinin no samurai [Seven samurai; Motion picture]. Japan: Toho.
Hungrybear9562.
(2010, January 8). Yosemite Bear Mountain Giant Double Rainbow 1-8-10 [Video file]. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQSNh k5ICTI
Visual Arts Paintings Artists
last name, A. A. (Year of composition). Title of Work. [Format]. Place work resides.
Rodin, A. (1902). The thinker [Bronze and marble sculpture]. Paris, France: Musée Rodin. Wyeth, A. (1948). Christina’s world [Painting]. New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art. Wyeth, A. (1948). Christina’s world [Painting]. http:// www.moma.org/explore/collection/index
Online Maps
Lewis County Geographic Information Services
(Cartographer). (2002). Population density, 2000 U.S. Census [Demographic map]. http://www.co.lewis.wa.us/publicworks/ map /
Demographics/census-popdens_2000.pdf
Comic Books ď ˝
Moore, A. (Writer), & Gibbons, D. (Illus.). (1986).Watchmen. New York: DC Comics, Inc.
Applications (APPS) ď ľ Skyscape.
(2010). Skycape Medical Resources (Version 1.9.11) [Mobile application software]. Retrieved from URL
Internet Sources ď ľ
Association of College and Research Libraries. (2001, April 17). Information literacy competency standards for higher education. http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/standards/ informationliteracycompetency.cfm
ď ľ
Benton Foundation. (1998, July 7). Barriers to closing the gap. In losing ground bit by bit: Low-income communities in the information age (chap. 2). http://www.benton.org/Library/Low-Income/two.html
Message posted to a Blog â—Ś Jacobson, J. (2009, November 8). Historic ď ˝
health reform bill passes but at a price: Women's groups have mixed reaction [Web log post]. http://www.rhrealitycheck.org/blog/2009 /11/08/historic-health-reform-bill-passesbut-at- a-price-womens-groups-havemixed-reaction
ď ˝
Psychometric assessment. (n.d.). Retrieved January 28, 2007, from The Psychology Wiki http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/ Psychometirc_assessment
Computer Program ď ľ Miller,
M.E. (1993). The Interactive Tester (Version 4.0) [Computer software]. Westminster, CA: Psytek Services.
Reference ď ľ
American Psychological Association. (2019). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (7th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
For More Information http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560
/
/01
http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html
Retrieve
from http://webster.commnet.edu/apa/ http://www.lib.wsc.ma.edu/legalapa.htm http://21cif.imsa.edu/tools/citation Retrieve from http://citationmachine.net/ http://www.stylewizard.com/index.html