Provisional atlas of the ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Britain by AGROPEC

e tzScA5 ,--+E vai Ll \-0 T NAT UR E CONSERVATION COMM ITT EE

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Institute of ima ms . Te rre s trial l ip Ec ology

Provision al atlas of the g rou nd beetles (Coleop tera, Cara bidaej of Brita in M a rtin L Luf f (Dep a rtm en t of Ag ricu ltu ra l &'Ak Viron m en te4 Scien ce, Un iversity of Newcastle up on t yne) ,c,

Ce nt re for Eco logy and Hydro log y Nat ural Environm ent Research Co uncil

NE RC Cop yn g b t 19 98

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The Institute of Terresui al Eco logy (ITE) is a comp on ent rese arch organisa tion with in the Natural Environme nt Rese arch Cou ncil. Th e Institute is part of th e Centre for Ecology and Hyd rology, and was established in 1973 by the merge r of the resea rch stations of the Natu re c on servan cy with th e Instinite of Tree Biology . It has bee n at the fo refront of ecolog ical resea rch ever since , The six re search stations of th e Institute pro vide a ready access to sites and to e nv iron mental and eco logical pro blems in any part of Britain. In addition to the bro ad enviro nme ntal knowledge and axp erience exp ected of the mode rn ecologist, each station has a range of special ex pertise and facilities. Thus, the Inst itu te is able to p rovide unp arallelled op po rtunities for lon g-term, multidisciplinary studies of complex e nv ironmental and ecological prob lems. und ertakes Specialist ecolog ical research on subjects rang ing from micro-organisms to tre es and mammals, from coastal ha bitats to up land s, from de relict land to air po llution. Understand ing the ecology of d iff erent spe cies of natu ral and man-m ade commun ities plays an increasingly impo rtant role in a reas such as mon itoring ecolog ica l asp ects of agriculture , imp rov ing prod uctivity in forestry , controlling pes ts. managing and con se rv ing wildlife, assessing the ca use s and eff ects of pollution, and rehabilitating disturbe d sites . The Institu te's research is fmanced by the UK Government th rough the scie nce bu dget, and by private and pu blic sector cus to me rs w ho co mmiss ion or spon sor specific research pro grammes. H k's expe rtise is also wide ly use d by interna tional organ isations in ove rseas collab orative projects. Th e results of TI E research a re ava ilable to th ose respon sible for die protection, management and wise use of our natu ra l resou rces , be ing publishe d in a wide range of scien tific jo urnals, and in an ITE series of publications. The An nual Rep or t cont ains mo re ge neral information. The Biological Records Ce ntre is ope rated by TI E, as part of the Environme ntal Informatio n Centre , and rece ives financial su ppo rt from the Jo int Nature Con servation Committee . It seeks to he lp naturalists a nd research biologists to co-ord inate the ir efforts in studying the occurre nce of plants and animals in the British Isles , and to make the results of these studies available to othe rs.

P u b lis h e d by

B iolog ica l Reco rds Cen tre I ns titu te of Terrestrial Ecology M onks Wood A bb ots Rp on H u n ting d on Ca m bs PE1 7 2LS Tel: 0 148 7 7733 8 1 Fax : 0 148 7 7 73 46 7 WW W h ttp :// w ww .n m w .ac .u kh te

D r Ma rtin L Luff D ep a rtm ent of Ag ricultu ra l a n d En viron m en ta l Scien ce Un iversity of Newcas tle up on Tyn e New cas tle up on Tyn e NEI 7R U

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BUSH

- 9 JUN 1998 LI BRARY

Provision al a tlas of the g rou n d beetles (Coleop tera, Ca ra bidae) of B rita in Ma rtin L Luff (D ep a rtm en t of Ag ricu ltu ra l & En viron m en ta l Sc ien ce, Un iversity of Newcastle up on Ty n e)

INSTM ITE OF TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY BUSH ES7ATE PENICINK MIDLOTHIAN

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Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Nat ural Environment Research Council

Citati o n in fo rm at io n Lu ff, M L. 1998 . Provis ion al a tlas of tbe g rou nd beetles (Coleop tera, Carabidae) of Britain . Hu ntin gd on : Bio log ical Reco rds Centre .

COM ENTS

I n t r o d u ctio n

A c k n o w le dg e m e n ts

Sy s t e m a tic li s t of g e n e r a m ap p e d

M ap s a nd sp e c ie s a c c o u n ts

R ef e r e n c e s

1 83

I n d e x to m ap s a n d sp e c ie s a c c o u n ts

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IN 7R OD UCTI ON The Carab idae , or groun d beetles, are one of the b est kn ow n and most popular famili es of beetles As presently recognised , they includ e the tiger beetles, w hich w ere formerly sepa rated into the Cicind elidae. To date, 350 spe cies have be en reco rded in Britain and Ireland. Th is fam ily of beetles is usually one of the first to be noticed and coll ected by asp iring coleop terists, and the earliest monograph on the British fauna w as by Dawso n in 1854. Notes on the distribu tion of species in Britain w ere included bo th in that vo lume, and in the stand ard works by Fowler (1887) and Fow ler and Donisth orp e (1913); the Irish species were included in Johnson and Halb ert (1902) . The checklist of the British sp ecies w as upd ated by Andrew es (1939) and formed the ba sis for the carabid section of Kloet and Hin cks (1945); this was amend ed by Moore (1957a). Subsequently, Moo re (1957b) pub lished a table of county distributions of each species in England and Wales, based largely on records in the Victoria Co unty History series pu blished aroun d the tu rn of th e centur y. In this paper, Scottish records were simply gro uped into four regions, and only p resence/ absence was noted from Ireland . Some of these county records have since proved to be erroneou s (Eyre & Luff 1987). An updated ch ecklist of the Irish Carabidae was given by Speigh t, Anderson and Luff (1982), which has now been superseded by a ne w checklist of all Irish Co leo pte ra (Anderson, Nash & O'Co nnor, 1997). Ident ifi cat ion Curren t kn ow ledge of the Carabidae of Britain and Irelan d is based on th e checklists in Pope (1977) and Speight et a l. (1982), and on ide ntification using primarily the Royal Entomological Society's Hand boo k (Lindro th 1974). Further information on the sp ecies in the Handboo k was given in Lindroth (1972). Since the p ub licatio n of Lind roth's (1974) Handboo k, the most useful detailed account of the fam ily is that in the Scandinavian faunal serie s (Lin droth 1985- 86) , w hich gives more detailed biological in formation . However, the no me nclature used , following Silfverberg (1977): so metimes diff ers from that curren tly accepted in Britain . Such diff erences are mentioned in the text o f the relevant species in this Atlas. Critical no tes on the ide ntification of some British species have

also be en publi sh ed (Luff 1981a, b ; Houston & Luff 1983) and a general accou nt of the family, w ith keys to common species , is pu blished in th e Naturali sts' Handb oo k se ries (Forsythe 1987) . Keys to the larvae of individual carab id tribes are being pu blished (eg Luff 1985) and a vo lum e covering the larvae o f the w ho le fam ily w as published recently (Luff 1993). There are also larval keys, to sp ecies, in Arndt (1991). Additions, extinctions and revisions .Seve n spe cies have been added , by the foll ow ing autho rs, to the British list since th e publication of the Handbo ok (Lindroth 1974): • Bem bidion b u merale Sturm (Crossley & Norris 1975) ; • As ap b id ion cu n u rn (Heyden) and A . stierli n i (Heyden) (Speight, Martinez & Luff 1986) ; • Pterostich us rba eticus Heer (Lu f 1990) ; • Ca latbus cin ctus Motsch ulsky (Auk ema 1990 ; And erson & Luff 1994) ; • M icrolestes tni n u tu lus (Goe ze) (Eversham & Collier 1997); • Cy mind is rnacu la ris (Fischer vo n Wald he im ) (Hammond 1982) . A furth er species, Ag on u m lugen s (Dufischmid), has been added from Ireland bu t is no t kn ow n in Britain (Anderson 1985, 1996) . I have also seen a specimen from the Cha nn el Islands. Some spe cies have no t occurred in Britain or Ireland this century, or are apparen tly now extinct. The foll ow ing spe cies are not therefore includ ed in this Atlas: • B ern bidion ca llosu rn Mister ; • Ta ck ys biscu lca tus Nicolai; • T. qu ad risig n a tus Du ftschn id; • A ba r p a rallelus Duftsch mid; • Agon u m sa h lberg i (Cha udo tt); • D iac h ro m us g erm a n us (L.); • Le bia ma rg in a ta (Fourcroy) ; • L. scap u la ris (Fou rcroy). B rach in us sclop eta (F.). has occu rred o nly once this century with certainty, on the English south coast (Alle n 1985) and is also excluded .

Know n introd uction s, such as Ca rab u s a u ratus L., have also be en excluded from this Atlas, bu t species that have beco me estab lishe d and have spread w idely naturally, such as Le istus

Introduction

ruf o ma tg in a tus (Duftsch mid) and A ma ra m on tivag a Sturm , are includ ed .

Lu f and Ball (1986), Forsythe (1997) and Whitton an d Camp bell (1991).

The sp ecies previously kn ow n as Pterostich us m g rita is now recogn ised as co mprising two species in this region, nam ely the true n ig rita (Payku ll) and the clo se ly related P . rba et ic us He er (Luff 1990) . As mo st record s w ere already re ce ived b efore publication of the distinction betw een these two sp ecies , a map for n ig rita sens u la to is given , as w ell as interim sep arate map s. Similarly, the map for Calath us mela n ocep b a lus agg . may include records of the recently recognised C. cin ctus Motschu lsky.

In the follow ing map s, Recording Scheme data from 1970 onw ards are indicated as M ed circles. Many pre-1970 records (indicated by op en circles) are also included, mainly derived from museu m collections and literature records . The map s do no t, ho wever, include records prior to 1900. Many pre1970 rec ords in Hyman and Parsons (1992) refer to 19th cen tury records in Fowler (1887) or even earlier, and are not includ ed in the present ma ps . Records from post-1990 county lists (su ch as Duff 1993) or atlases have been included on ly if they add signifi cantly to , or confi rm , recent records of the distribution of the spe cies concerned .

Protect ion and t hreat stat us Althou gh no British carabid sp ecies is currently liste d for protection und er United King dom legislation , European Union directives or inte rn ational conventions, many species are regarded as be ing nationally thre ate ned or scarce . Th e Insect vo lume of the B rit ish Red D a ta B ooks (RDB) (Shirt 1987) listed nearly 40 sp ecies of grou nd beetle s classifi ed as Endangered , Vulnerable or Rare , or for which the re w ere no post-1970 reco rds , in clud ing some sp ecies believe d to be extinct in Britain . The se assessments w ere rev ise d and u pda ted , an d extended to in clude Natio nally Scarce sp ecies, in the Coleoptera Review (Hyman & Parson s 1992) , prepare d for the Jo int Nature Conse rvation Committee. Of th e 75 sp ecies of Coleo ptera liste d in B iod iversity : th e UK Ste eri ng Gro up Rep ort, vo lu m e 2 (1995) , for actio n as a result of the UK Biodiversity Action Plan p ub lished in 1994, 33 sp ecies are carabids . Th ese sp ecies are listed und er Protection and thr eat status as 'BAP (1995)' . MI such lists of threa te ned and imp ortant species are su bject to revisio n , but the sta tuse s li ste d here are from the most up -to-d ate p u blish ed sou rces. T he Recording Schem e The prese nt Atlas su mmarise s the results of the Gro und Beetle Record in g Sche me , which started in 1971. Data from the Sche me have been comp iled in th e nation al database at the Biological Reco rds Centre (BRC) since the early 1980s and th e total d atase t now held at BRC amo u nts to more than 140 000 reco rds. It is ma naged , togeth er w ith data for many othe r group s of inve rtebrates , plants and vertebrates, usin g the ORACLE da tabase ma nageme nt syste m . Map s o f selected sp ecies were pu blished as a prelimina ry atlas (Luff 1982), b as ed on ove r 52 000 record s, but the p rese nt w o rk is the first to cover the distribu tion of all th e resident sp ecies. Some local atlases have been p ub lished , eg Eyre,

Introduction

Ecology As the ir common name suggests, Carabidae are active primarily on the ground surface, although a feW Britis h spe cies, particularly in the genus D rom ius , are arboreal and some others are subterran ean . Although many spe cies can fly, the normal mod e of activity and dispersal is on the ground by walking or running. Individuals tend to be relatively long-lived , breeding primarily either in the spring , with larvae in summer and adults overwinte ring, or in the autumn, with larvae overwinte ring. In both cases, adults especially of the larger species, may overwinter to bree d in a se cond or even subsequ ent season . The majority are preda tory and often polyphagous. How ever, ma ny Amarini have partly plant-feeding adults bu t carnivoro us larvae, whilst Za bru s ten ebrioides (Goeze) and most Harp alini are largely or entirely phytophagous as larvae, and sometimes also as adults. Thiele (1977) and den Boer (1977) review mu ch of the literature on carabid ecology up to that da te , w ith particular reference to ha bitat selection , the timing of life cycles and dispersal pow ers. It is a me asure of the po pu larity of ground beetles that there are regular symposia devote d to research into carabidology; the pu blished volumes from the se symposia also provide useful data on the biology and ecology of the group (eg Stork 1990; Dese nd er et a l. 1994) . D istribution patterns Data on the wider distribution of Carabidae in continental Europ e were rust summarised in the three-volume study of Lin dro th ( 1945- 49, trans lated and reprinted 1992). This information has been use d in the species accoun ts in this Atlas, togeth er w ith data from the following sou rces:

• European checklists of Turin ( 1981) and Turin et a l. (1993); • Russian list of Kryzhanovskij et al. (1995) ; • regio nal atlases for Th e Netherlands (Turin, Haeck & Hengeveld 1977) and Belgium (Dese nder 1986) ; • mo nographs of Jeann el (1941- 42) for France and Freude , Harde and Lo hse (1976) for central Euro pe; • rece nt acco unts by Lind roth (1985- 86) for Scandinavia and Denma rk, and Hurka (1996) for the Czech and Slova k Republics.

shown are still only provisional, and will suff er from both omissions and inaccuracies, for which I take full nsibility. ic

The reco rds received for this Atlas are suffi cient to give a reasonable coverage of much of Britain, although parts of Eas t Anglia , the south-west and Scotland are un der-recorded . Cove rage of Ireland is still po or, especially in the Repub lic, so tha t the maps do not include Irelan d . How ever, comments on the occurrence of each spe cies in Ireland are included where appropriate . It is clear that, althou gh some species are widesp read thro ughout Britain and Ireland , occurring wherever the re is suitable habitat, many of our carabids have localised distribu tions . The re are nu me rous sp ecies restricted to the extreme south of Englan d and sou th Wales; several of these appear to have retra cted the ir range rece ntly. How ever, other characteristic distribution p atte rns are seen in many species and the se are commented on in the individual sp ecies accounts. Almost eve ry part of Britain and Ireland has, to some extent, its ow n characteristic carabid fauna . With their dependence on soil pro perties, especially moisture, it is no t surp rising tha t gro und beetles have potential for use as indicators of environmental quality and of distu rbance (se e for examp le papers by Holmes, Boyce and Reed (1993), Luff , Eyre and Rush ton (1989, 1992) and Rushton , Luff and Eyre (1989, 1991)) . A protocol and examp les of using carabids in enviro nmental assessment are ou tlined in Luff (1996c). Comparison with available records from the past century reveals that many species, especially those associated w ith wetlands , and those found now only in th e extre me so uth , ap pear to have retra cted the ir ranges. We need more detaile d analyses, possibly based on the data presente d here, in ord er to examine the possible roles of habitat loss and climate change in causing the se change s. It is hop ed th at the data p resented in th is Atlas , and the more detailed da tab ase which it summarise s, will both stimulate further work on the causes of the distributions of British carabids and provide useful baseline data for such environmental assessments. It shou ld be stresse d , how ever, that the distributions

Introductio n

A CK NO WLED GEMEN TS Th is w o rk h as o nly be en mad e p ossib le by the effo rts, o ve r a lon g p e rio d , of all the man y ind ivid u als an d institutions wh o h ave co ntribu ted re co rd s fro m th e ir ow n co llectio ns , fi eld w o rk o r lite ratu re se arche s . Th e fo llow ing in d ividu als have co ntrib u te d re co rds to th e Reco rd in g Scheme , e ith e r directly b y se n d ing re co rd s to th e Sch eme org an ise r, o r ind ire ctly by p u b lish ing reco rds w h ich h ave su b seq u e ntly b ee n in co rp o rated into th e ma p s . Th e effo rts o f all th ese co ntribu to rs are greatly ap p re ciated . Dr K N A Ale xan d er, Mr A A Alle n , Mr A J Allen , Mr M An d erson , Mr P S Anderso n , Dr R And erso n , Sir E An so rge , Mr D Ap p leton , Mr J S Armitage , Mr M A Arn o ld , Mr B R Ash ley, Mr S Ashu rst, Dr R R As kew , Ms L Aste ra k i, Mr D B Atty , Mr E Aub ro o k , Mr M Ba cchu s , Dr S G Ba ll, Mr R Ban n iste r, Mr C S Ba rh am , Mr B R Be n h am , Mr H Berm an , Mr C R Be tts , Mr J Biglin , Dr D Bilto n , Mr T Bird , Mr M J Bis h o p , Dr S Blake , Mr J Blisset, Mr A G Blun t, Dr R Bo o th , Mr D Boyce , Mr J Bratto n , Mr M Bren d ell, Mr E Brow n , Mr R W Brow n , Mr S M Brow n , Dr J Bullo ck , Mr A Bu rn ett, Dr A Buse , D r J Bu tte rfie ld , Mr S W Camp be ll, Mr R Car r, Mr I Ca rter , Mr P Case me nt , Mr L Chr istie , Mr H F Ch u rch , Mr D J Cla rke , Mr R 0 5 Clarke , Mr D Cle me n ts , Mr L Cle mo ns , Mr P Cob b , Mr R Cogg ins, Mr J Co le , Mr M Co llier, Mr K Collins , Mr C Co llish aw , Mr B Consta n tin e , Mr P Co oke , Dr S Co o p er, Mr J Coo te r, Mr D R Cop estak e , Mr M Co rle y , Dr J Cory , Dr M Cotto n , Mr D R Cow d e n , Mr J W Cox , Dr M Cox , Dr M Craw ley , Mr J Cre m o n a , Mr R Cro ssle y , Dr R A Crow so n , Mr S Cu ll, Mr P Cun n ingh am , Mr G Danah ar, Mr M Darb y , Mr M Dav ids o n , Mr D Dav ies , Dr L Dav ies , Dr B N K Davis, Dr K Day , Mr J Day , Mr P De n h o lm -You ng , Dr P Denn is, Mr M De nto n , Mr R D ibb , Mr M D ixo n , Dr D Do o gu e , Mr T Dou g all, Mr C M Drake , Mr A B Dran e , Dr A Duff , Miss I Du nn , Mr H T Eale s , Mr T Eccles , Mr R Edw ards , Mr R M Ell iott , Mr W Elliott, Mr W A Ely, Dr R M Em be rso n , Dr I M Eva n s, Mr H C Eve , Mr C Eve re tt , Mr B C Eve rsh am , Dr M D Eyre , Dr A Fee ny , Mr P Flan agan , Mr J Flin t , Mr P Flint, Mr A Fo rsyth e , Dr T G Fo rsy the , Mr A P Fos te r, Dr G N Fo ster, Mr A Fow les , Mr D Fo x , Mr J Fra n cis , Dr J Fra nk , Mr L Frew in , Dr S Gard ne r, Dr L S Ga rra d , Mr A Garside , Mr D Gibb s, Miss S Giles , Dr D G

Acknow ledgeme nts

God dard , Dr P Go rd on , Mr P Go yvocaerts, Dr P J M Greens lad e , Dr C Hain es , Mr N Halsall, Mr P M Ham mon d , Ms C H an ks , Mr P Hard in g , Mr K M H arris, Mr T Harriso n , Mr R D Haw kins , Mr J Heal, Mr G F Healey , Mr D He mingway , Mr M He nderso n , Mr H He n son , Mr S He w itt, Mr R Higg ins, Mr S Ho ck land , Mr P Ho dge , Dr P R Ho lmes, Mr G Ho p k ins , Mr D Ho rsfield , Dr W W K Ho usto n , Mr E Hu nte r, Dr P Hyman , Mr S Im ber, Mr D Ire lan d , Mr G J Jack so n , Mr M J ackson , Mr L Jesso p , Mr J Jo b e , Mr C Jo h nso n , Mr L J ones-Walters , Mr M Kase y , Mr H Kearn s, Dr P Kenned y , Mr G Kerin s , Dr J Kers haw , Dr R S Key , Dr 0 Kh alo yan , Mr G King , Mr P King , Dr P Kirby, Mr A Kirk -Spriggs, Mr R L Kitchin g , Mr S La mbert, Mr S Lan e , Mr H R Las t, Mr A S Laze nb y, Mr W J Lee , Mr N Leeming , Mr B Levey , Dr D W Lew is, Mr E Lew is, Dr A G Lon g , Mr V Lo rimer, Mr D A Lott, Dr R G Lox ton , Mr R M Lyszko w sk i, Mr J Macada m , Dr B J MacNu lty , Mr A Maho n , Mr S Martin , Mr J L Maso n , Mr M G Matth ew s , Mr M S Maw son , Mr A S McClay , Mr I McClenag h an , Dr D McCrack en , Mr J McKee , Mr J McKinnell, Dr I McLean , Mr P Mellow , Mr H Men del, Mr R Merritt, Mr I Middleb rook , Mr I Miller , Mr J Moller, Dr B P Moore, Miss R Moo re , Mr I K Morgan , Mrs M J Morgan , Prof M G Morris, Mr R Morris, Mr B Morrison , Dr K A Mos eley, Mr M Mo se ley , Miss C Mothe rsill, Mr G S Mot ley , Dr J Muggleto n , Miss J Murphy , Mr D Murray , Mr P I Myers , Mr D R Nash , Dr R Nas h , Dr B S Nau , Mr M Nelso n , Mr S Newall, Mr D Nich o ls, Mr A Nimm o , Mr A Norris, D r I Nyilas , Mr J O akle y , Mr N O nslow , Pro f J A Ow en , Mr N Paling , Mr J Parra ck , Mr J Parry, Dr W H Parr y, Mr M Pa rso ns , Mr P Pave tt, Mr R M Payne , Rev E J Pe arce , Dr W M Ph ill ips , Mr B Ph ilp , Mr E G Ph ilp , Dr A Pickerin g , Mr D Pitch er , Mr D Po rte r, Mr A d e Po sch in , Dr W Po w ell , Dr G Pu rvis, Mr G D Ran kin , Mr R C Ray , Miss J M Ra yner , Mr R W J Read , Dr D Reavey, Mr N Re dgate , Dr C A M Re id , Dr I Rib era , Mis s A Richards , Mr D A Ro be rtso n , Mr J Rogerson , Mr R W Row e , Mr A J Ru n d le , Mr D M Rush , Mr J Rya n , Mr J Sad le r, Mr B Sag e , Dr B J Selman , Mr M Shardlow , Mr G She p h ard , Dr D Shep p ard , Dr D Shirt, Mr K C Side , Mr G Simp son , Mr M Sin cla ir, Mr P Skidmo re , Mr D H Smith , Mr J K Smith , Mr M Smith , Mr P Smith , Mr R Smith , Mr R So lman , Dr N Sothe rto n , Mr P Spand ler, Dr M C D Sp e ight, Dr M R Speigh t, Mr T Sta info rth , Mr J Stew art, Mr D Stone , Dr N Stork , Mr N Stott , Dr K D Su n derla nd ,

Miss A Synge , Mr G T Taylor , Mr M A Taylor, Mr D Te ag ue , Dr M G Telfer , Dr C Terre l -Nie ld, Mr D R Tho ma s , Mr W A Th o rnh ill, Mr P C Tin n ing , Mr D Toze r, Mr S Tu rner, Mr J Tyler, Mr A Vau ghan J o nes , Mr M Walke r, Mr W Wall, Dr I D Wa llace , Dr R D Ward , Mr J Ward ro p e , Dr A C Warne , Mr M Wate rh ouse , Mr J We bb , Dr R C Welch , Mr P Wh eate r, Mr L S Wh ich er, Dr I Wh ite , Mr P F Wh iteh ead , Mr P Wh itto n , Mr G Wildr idg e , Mr S A Williams , Mr C W Wiltsh ire , Mr D Wo o dfall , Mr S Woo ds , Mr J R Wo of, Mr J Wright , Dr S Wrigh t, Mr W Wu e rtz , Mr D W Yald en , Mr A You ng , Mr R You ng . Th e co ve rage of mu seu ms has by no means be e n exhau stive , b ut I am p articu larly indebted to the foll ow ing ins titu tio ns, and to the ind ivid u als named aft er each . Natural History Museu m , Lo nd on (Mr P M Ha mmo nd , Dr N Sto rk , Mr M J D Bre nd ell ) ; Manch este r Museu m (Mr C J ohn so n) ; Natio na l Museu m o f Wales, Cardiff (Mr A Amsd en) ; Royal Museu m o f Sco tlan d , Edin bu rgh (Dr M Shaw ) ; Ulste r Museu m , Belfast (Mr R Nash) ; Live rp o ol Museu m (Mr S Jud d); Don cas te r Muse um and Art Ga llery (Mr P Sk idm ore) ; Ipsw ich Museu m (Mr H Mend el) ; Leiceste rsh ire Muse u ms (Dr I Eva ns , Mr D Lo n) ; Hanco ck Museu m, New castle (Mr T Tynan , Mr P Davis, Mr L J esso p) ; Cas tle Muse m , No rw ich (Dr A Irw in) ; Nat ura l Histo ry Muse um , Wo llato n Hall , No ttingh am (Dr S Wrigh t) ; Clifton Park Mus eu m, Ro therh am (Mr W A Ely); Sheffi e ld City Mus eum (Mr J Lee ) ; Museu m an d Art Galler y, Sunderla n d (Mr P Davis, Mr L Jes so p) ; Natio n al Trust Bio log ical Survey , Cire n ceste r (Dr K N A Ale xa n d er) ; Welsh Peatlan ds Inv erteb rate Sur vey , Aberystw yth (Mr A Fow les, Dr P Ho lm es) . Sp ecia l th anks are d ue to the sta f at th e Bio log ical Reco rd s Cen tre , Mon ks Wo o d , fo r the ir assistan ce an d he lp ove r the ye ars, and for th e p ro d u ctio n of th is Atlas. Th e head of the Ce ntre , Pau l Hard in g , has not o nly p rovided da ta h ims elf for the Reco rding Sch eme , bu t has be en invalua b le in ensurin g that , ag ainst all od ds , this Atlas h as ev entually reach ed pu b licatio n . I am also grate ful to He nr y Arnold , Brian Eve rsh am , Julian Drin g , th e late Do rothy Gree ne , and Mark Te lfer fo r their co ntribu tions to thi s p ro ject o ve r the ye ars , and also to Bill Mee k and Dr Co lffi We lch fo r th eir co ntribu tio ns to ed itin g th e te xt. Th e ma p s w ere p rod uce d using the DMAP p rogam w ritten by Dr Alan Morto n Finally, I am grate ful to Penny Ward an d Kare n Go o ds ir at the Ins titute o f Terre strial Eco log y for p re p aring the co p y fo r p ublication .

Acknowledgements

S YS7EMA TI C LIST OF GENERA MAPPED Ma p n u m b e rs a re give n fo r e a c h ge n u s . CICIN D ELINAE 2- 6 Cici nd ela

18 7 Olistbop us 188 -2 08 Agon urn

Perigonin i O MO P H RON IN AE 7

Ornop bro n

Cy ch n is

Harpalin i

CA RA BIN AE Cychrini 8

24 1 Za brus

Carab ini 9 - 18 Ca rabus 19-20 Ca lc6orna

Ne briin i 2 1- 2 6 27 28- 33 3 4- 41

Leis tus Pelop h ila Nebria Notiop h ilus

242- 2 74 2 75 - 2 77 2 78 2 79 - 28 0 28 1- 282 283- 289 29 0- 292 293- 3 00

Hin p alus A n isod ac ty lus Scy balicus D ich eirotrichu s Trichocellus B rady cellus Sten olop h us A cup a lp us

Licin in i

Elap hrini 42 Blethisa 43- 46 Elap h rus

Lorice rini 4 7 Lori cera

Scaritini 48 -58 Dy sch irius 59 - 60 Clivina

3 0 1- 3 02 Licin us 3 03- 3 09 Bad ister

Panagae ini 3 10 - 3 11 Pa naga eus Chlaeniini 3 12- 3 15 Chla en ius 3 16 Ca llistus

O od in i

Bro scini 61 B roscus 62 Miscod era

Patrobini 63- 65 Pa trob us Trech ini 66 Pertilep tus 6 7-68 A ep us 69 T h a lassop h ilus 70- 78 Trech us

Bembidiini 79 - 83 Asap hidion 8 4- 140 Bernbid ion 141- 146 Tact ys

Pogonin i 14 7- 149 Pog on us Ptero stichini 15 0 15 1- 1 72 1 73 1 74- 181 182 183- 184 185 186

209 Peng ona

Ama rini 2 10 - 240 A ma nti Zab rini

Sto m is Pte rosticb us A bax Ca la tbus Sp h odrus La em osten us Platy derus Sy nu ch us

3 1 7 Oodes

O da canthin i 3 18 Oda ca ntha

Masore in i 3 19 Ma soreus

Leb iini 3 20-3 22 3 23-3 25

Lebia Dem etrias

3 26- 33 7 338- 33 9 3 40-3 42 3 43 3 44-3 46

D rn m ius M icrolestes Meta bletus Liony ch u s Cy m ind is

Zuph iin i 3 4 7 Polist icb us

Dr yptin i 3 48 Dtyp ta

BRACH IN IN A E 3 49 B rach inus

Systematic list of gene ra mapped

M A P S A N D SPE CIES A CCO UAT S Map I

Cov e r age m a p

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Agg

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Maps and species accounts

Map 2 Cic ind e la ca mp e s tr is

Lin na e u s , 1758

Th is sp ecies , the co mm o n green tige r be etle , is w idesp rea d o n o pen, dry heaths an d moo rs throughout Britain an d probab ly also in Irela nd (w here it is the o nly cicin delid) . It is an ann ual sp ecies , bree d ing ea rly in the sp ring , th e lar vae inha biting ve rt ical bu rrow s in the soil. Th e ad ult b ee tles tak e to fl ight ex tre mely read ily. This sp ecies ' distribution exten ds throughout Euro pe to North Africa and the Middle East

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Map 3 Cic ind ela g e r m a nic a

.1 •

Linn ae u s , 1758

RD B3 Shirt ( 1987), Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

Th is species is n ow found o nly on the so uth co ast of England , wh ere it occu rs on bare san d o r silt near da mp co astal flush es . Recent reco rds are co nfmed to Dorse t an d the Isle of Wight, alth ough o lde r rec o rds indicate th at its ran ge form erly exte nd ed from East Kent to Carm arth en . Full details of all known British rec o rds of C. gen na n ica are given by Else (1993). Adu lts o ccur in mid/ late su mm er, the spe cies overwin tering as larvae in bu rrows. Unlike o the r tiger be etles , Cicindela germa n ica se ldo m fl ies . It occu rs acro ss inlan d Europ e east wards to As ia, rea ch ing the n orth ern limit of its ran ge in Britain .

Maps and species acco unt s

Map 4 Cic i nd e la by b r id a Lin n ae us , 17 58

RD B3 Shirt (1987) RDB2 Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

Th is sp ecie s is cu rre n tly kn own o nly from the no rthw e st co ast o f Englan d from southern Lancas hire to Cumb ria , altho ugh there are p re-1970 reco rds from the sou th-west p en ins ula , Wales and Norfo lk, w hich ma y in fac t b e C. rna ri tima . Th ere is a d oub tful 19th ce n tur y Sco ttish re co rd from Fife , in Fow ler ( 1887) . C. by brida is fou nd o n d u nes an d similar san dy so ils , usually o n the coast b ut occasionally so m e d is tance in la nd . It is an active fl ier that b reeds in th e su mm er. Its ran ge ex tend s thro ugho ut Eu ro p e , ex cep t th e far n o rth .

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Map 5 Cicinde la ma r it ima Lat re ill e & Dej ea n , 18 22 Nationally Scarce (B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BAP ( 1995)

Maps and spe cies acco unt s

In Britain this is a co astal sp ecies , occurrin g o nly in the south of the co un try, w here it inh ab its d un es , the drift lin e an d in tertida l are as . Most mo de m records are from Wale s an d nort h Devon , bu t it has re cently re-occu rre d in Norfolk (Key 1996a). Th ere is a 19th century reco rd from th e R Seve rn in Glo uceste rshire (Atty 1983) C ma ri tima is a sp ring/ summe r-breed ing sp ecies that fl ies readily In mainland Euro pe (w here its distribu tion is no t ex clusively coastal) , it is w ide sp read b ut local.

Map 6 Cici nd e la sy lv a t i ca Lin n ae u s , 17 58 Nat ionally Sc arc e (A ) Hyrnan and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is species , th e w o o d tige r bee tle , is n ow con fmed to d ry, sandy hea ths in a na rrow strip from Surrey to Dorset . Its Britis h ran ge w as form erly more ex tensive until 1926 it occurred o n Manton Co mm on in n orth Lincolns hire (Anon 1927), the re are 19th cen tur y re co rds from Cambridges hire and w es t Glou ceste rsh ire (Atty 1983) , an d a spe cimen labell ed from Ken t is ke pt in the Su nderland Museum . C. sy lva tica is a spring breed er, w ith active d isp ersal b y fligh t. Its range exten ds th roughou t Euro p e excep t the far north and the Mediterranean reg ions .

4, 9

Map 7 Om op b r o n timb a l-u m ( Fab ri ciu s , 17 7 7 ) RD B I Shirt ( 1987), Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is distin ctive species is kn ow n in recen t times only from a restricted are a of the san dy margins of fl ood ed g ravel p its at Rye an d Du ngene ss o n the Kent/ Susse x border, where it was firs t record ed in 1969 (Farrow & Lew is 1971). Fow ler (1887) stated that it w as 'once rep ute d as British ', but no 19th century specime ns h ave yet been loc ate d . Un like mo st carab ids , 0 . Um ba tu m does no t se em to have any particular bre ed ing period , bo th ad ults an d larvae occurring all year rou nd . Foun d throughout central an d southe rn Euro p e, this sp e cies is w in ged , an d probab ly recolonised England by fl ight.

4 Maps a nd sp e cies ac co unt s

Map 8 Cy cbr us car aboides Lin n ae us , 1758 Th is w ide sp read species is foun d mainly in w ood lan d , but also in dam p moo rlan d an d g rasslan d at high er altitud es . It is u sually fou nd singly, an d is a sp ecialist mollusc-fee d er. C. caraboides is an au tumn b ree der, the ch ara cte ristic o n isciform larvae o ccu rrin g in th e au tumn an d w inte r. The adu lt is b rachyp tero us , w ith fused elytra . Th is sp e cie s is fou nd throughou t Euro pe , British an d Irish p o p u latio ns b elo nging to su bsp ecie s rostratus Lin nae u s , this be ing the sp ec ifi c name by w h ich th e sp ecies w as fom ie rly kn ow n in Britain.

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Map 9 Car abus ar vensis He rb s t, 17 8 4

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Maps and spe cies acco unt s

Th is is p rimarily a species of op en h eaths and m oorla n d , co mm on est in the uplan d an d wetter p arts of Britain , b ut also fou nd regularly in southe m h eaths such as tho se in Dorset an d Ham p shire. Des pite the small n u mbe r of rec ords from Ire lan d , it is prob ab ly w idesp rea d on h igher ground the re . Con tin ental au tho rs oft en refe r to this species as C. a rcensis . This sp ecies is a sp ring b ree der, with su mmer larvae that co mp lete their develo p men t in o ne year . Th e w ing s are red uced . C. a rvensis occ urs thr oughout north ern and central Europ e except th e Arctic; the form occurring in Britain an d Ire land is subspecies silvaticus Dejean .

Map 10

Ca r a b us cla t r a tu s Lin nae us , 17 6 1 Na t io na lly Scar ce (A ) Hyman and Par so ns ( 1992)

Th is sp ecies (usually sp elt in correctly as C cla tb ratus) is n ow restricted to Ire lan d an d the nonh -west of Sco tlan d . It is found ma inly in pe aty b ogs an d lakesides , particulady o n moo rland . Th ere are refe ren ces to very o ld records fro m Halvergate Ma rshes, Fast Suff olk (Lind roth 1974) an d Norfolk (Fowler 1887), bu t these have not bee n ve rifi ed ; there is also an un da ted specimen in the To lson Museum, Huddersfield, lab elled 'Snow do n'. Turin et a l. (1993) in clu de the sou th coast o f England in its form er ran ge , but this is p robably an erro r arising from the sam e u nsubstantiated Halvergate rec o rd , with 'Susse x' rath er than 'Suff o lk ' recorde d as the county of o rigin . C clatratus is a sp ring/ summer breed er, with su mmer larvae an d ove rw intering ad ults It is w ingd imorp hic , with w inged in dividuals able to fl y. In contrast to its weste rn d istribution in Britain an d Irelan d , in Euro p e th is is ma inly an easte rn species , its range exte nding in to central As ia.

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Map 11 Ca r a b u s g la b r a t us Pay k a la, 17 9 0

This is an exclu sively montane species in Britain an d Irelan d , foun d in bo th op en and shade d hab itats. Though rec orded mo st frequently from Yorkshire northw ards , there are a few records from N Wale s an d the southe rn Pennin es . In Irela nd it probab ly o ccurs in most mo untaino us regions . C. g labra tus b ree ds in summe r, the ove rwintering larvae giving rise to adu lts tha t d o not b ree d u n til the foll ow in g year , so tha t the life cycle is bien nial (Houston 1981). Th e ad ults have fused elytra , an d so cann ot fl y. Th e spe cies oc cu rs th rougho ut cen tral an d north ern Eu rop e, ind uding the Arctic, rea ch ing its w estern limit in Irelan d . Th e form occurring in Britain and Irela nd is subspe cies lapp on icus Bo rn . Surp ris ingly, in Th e Neth erlan ds , C. g labratus is fo und at low altitudes (Turin et a L 1977) .

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Maps and species accounts

Map 12 Ca r a b u s g r a nu la tu s

Linnaeus , 1758

Th is very hygro p h ilou s sp ecies is found only in marsh es and fen s in Britain, b ut is w idesprea d in many h ab itats in Irelan d , w here (as subspecies b ibe rn icus Lindro th) it is the co m monest Ca rabus sp ecies . Th ere are few e st re co rds (an d none re ce n tly) from th e eastern High lands of Scotlan d . Large o ve rw intering agg regation s sometime s occur un der b ark in hab itats subject to w in ter lf ood ing . C g ra n u lato r is an annu al, sp rin g-breeding species , w ith su mme r larvae . In Euro pe it is wingd imo rp h ic, b ut flight is u n know n in Britain and Ire lan d . Its ran ge ex ten ds from n o rthern Spain acro ss th e w h o le of Euro p e exce p t the far no rth an d south .

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Map 13 Ca r ab u s int r ic a t us Lin n aeu s , 17 6 1 RD B 1 Shirt ( 1987), Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

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Maps and species accounts

This large an d conspicuous spe cies h as co nsistently b een res tricte d in Britain to the extreme south -w est in Devo n an d Co rnw all, although a sp ecimen co llected in 1950 from 'peat mo ors' in No rth Somerse t has rec ently bee n ide n tifie d (Duff 1992) . In the ab sen ce of more d eta iled locality da ta , this last reco rd has not be en included o n the map . Th e sp ecies is ab sent from Irelan d . C. in trica tu s lives in an d on stump s and logs in da mp bro ad leaved w oodla nd . Its breed in g cycle is n ot clea rly understo od ; adults have b een fou nd th rou ghou t th e ye ar, and full-grow n larvae in mid-su mme r. In view of this sp ecies' large size , it ma y requ ire two years to comp lete its life cycle in Britain . It is w ing less, an d has a ma inly southe rn European distribu tion , from Den ma rk so uth to Italy an d the Balka ns.

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Map 14 Ca r abu s mourn s Fabr i cius, 17 92 Nationally Scarce (B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

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Th is is a so uth ern an d ma inly ea ste rn spe cies, wh ich has d eclined du rin g this ce ntur y. Nin eteen th cen tur y Sco ttish reco rds ex is t, cite d in Fo wler (1887), Moo re ( 1957b) an d Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992), bu t the reco rd from Rh um in Luff (1982) is eno neo us . There are also old rec o rds from Ire lan d (Johns on & Halb ert 1902); Spe igh t et a t ( 1982) b elieved tha t the sp ecies is now extin ct there , but it is on th e recent Iris h list (Ande rso n et at 1997). It o ccurs in a varie ty of hab itats in clu ding cultivated land , ma inly on we ll-draining soils Fu ll-gro w n larvae ha ve be e n found in w inte r, an d the ad ults have a d istinct p eak o f ab unda n ce in mid-sum me r, so this sp ecies is prob ably ann ua l w ith summ er b ree d ing . C m on th s is b rachyp te ro us an d has a ra ther res tricted Euro pe an distribution , through Fran ce eastward s to centra l Germ an y an d the Czech Rep ublic. Britain represen ts the n o rth ern most limit o f its ran ge .

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Map 15 Car a bus am o ra l's Muell er , 1764

An ab un da nt species , C. nem oralis is fo und ma inly at low altitudes in a wide range of ha bitats, including urban gard ens . It is wide sprea d in Ire land , b ut surprisin gly little rec orded in Wales An annua l sp ecies , C. nem oralis is active exce p tion ally early in the sp ring , an d co mpletes its breed ing by th e summ er mo nths . It is flightless, and occurs througho ut weste rn an d central Euro p e excep t the far no rth an d the Mediterranean reg ions .

Maps and species accounts

Map 16 Ca r a b u s n it e ns Lin n a e us , 17 5 8 Nat io na lly Sca rce ( B) Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992)

Th is spe cies inha bits m ainly w et, u p land heaths w ith Sp hag n u m , bu t is also fo un d in lowlan d w et h eath s , bo gs (su ch as in Ham psh ire) and w et d un e slacks . In co ntrast to C a rvens ts, w h ich is a dr ier h eath sp ecie s , C. n itens is less w idesprea d in Sco tland , an d ap p are n tly ab sent fro m Wales . It is ve ry localised in Ire lan d . Th e sp e cie s is an earlysu mme r breed er w ith a w ell -synchronise d , an n ual life cycle . It is fl igh tless , and occu rs throu gho u t th e n o rth ern half of Euro p e .

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Map 17 Ca r ab u s p r o b le nsa t ic u s Herbst, 1786

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• • • ii

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Maps and species acco unts

To gethe r w ith the o the r 'violet gro und beetle', C. viola ceus , this is one o f the co mmo nest Ca rabus species, and o ne of th e be st know n British carabids . It w as form erly kn ow n as C. ca ten u latus . It o ccurs in ma ny h ab itats, but is especiall y frequent in long g rasslan d , wood land and on h eaths . The distribution is mo re n orth erly than that of C. violaceus , with notably few er records in central England and East Anglia. No tes o n the se p ara tio n o f th e two sp ecies are given by Lu f (1981a) . C. p roblem a tic us bree ds in sprin g/ summ er , an d can e ith e r co mp lete its d evelo p me n t the same ye ar, o r fem ale s may o verwin ter for a se co nd tim e to g ive a bien n ial life cycle, as in C. g labra tus (H ousto n 1981). Adults ma y live for seve ral ye ars , esp ecially where the species is bienn ial (Butterfie ld 1986). C p roblema ticus is wingless an d o ccurs thro ugho ut no rthern and westem Euro p e, w ith separa te sub species in the Arctic. Th e su bspecies fou nd in Britain an d Ireland is gallicus Ge h in.

Map 18

Ca r a b us uio la ce us Lin na eus , 17 58 Th is an d the p rece d ing species are the co mm o n 'vio let g round b eetles'. Like the las t, C violaceu s is also abun dan t thro ugho ut much o f Britain, alth ough its d istrib ution is more southerly. Luff ( 1981a) des cribe s ch ara cters wh ich can be use d to se parate the two sp ec ies . C violace u s o ccur s in a w ide range o f ha b itats, bu t is comm o ner in gard ens an d o n ca lcare o us so ils . It is now absent fro m Irelan d , des p ite o ld rec o rds to the co ntrary (se e Sp eight et a l. 1982) . In co ntrast to o ther spe cies o f Ca ra bu s, this sp ecie s b ree ds in the au tumn , with ove rwinte ring lar vae . Alth ough the life cycle is an nua l, ad ults ma y live for, and b ree d in, mo re tha n on e ye ar. Th e w ings are ru dimen tar y. Th e sp ecies' ran ge extends th ro ughout nort hern an d ce nua l Eu rop e, alth o ug h so me au thors (eg Tu rin et a l. 1993) wou ld say tha t mo re than o ne spe cies is in volved , such as p ro p u rascens Fab ricius, w hich rep lace s viola ceu s in Fran ce, The Netherlands , Belgium an d n orth ern Sp ain .

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Map 19 Calo s o m a i nq u is ito r ( Lin n ae u s , 17 58) N at io nally Scarce (A) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Most rece nt records of this on ce wides p rea d sp ecies (a summ ary of its pre-w ar d is tribu tion is given by Coo k 1936) centre o n mid- to n orth Wales an d no rth -wes t England , but it has also be en reco rded in weste rn Scotland . It has be co me ve ry loc al in sou th an d w est England , and ha s not occurre d in Ireland this ce n tury (Spe igh t et a l. 1982) . It is foun d in an cient woo dland , usually associated w ith oak trees ( Quercu s spp .), an d p reys on the larvae o f Lep ido p te ra. C. inq u isitor b reeds in sp rin g , w ith summer larvae . The ad ults fl y read ily. Its ran ge ex ten ds throughout Euro pe , excep t th e far no rth , to North Africa.

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4 Maps and spe cies accounts

Map 20 Ca lo s o nsa sy c op h a nt a ( Li nn ae us , 17 58)

Th is is a no n-indigeno us sp ecies o ccasion ally found in Eng lan d , p robab ly foll ow ing m igration by fl ight fro m co n tin en tal Europ e w here it is w idespread Th ere is no ev ide nce o f b ree d ing in Britain . Reco rd s fo r th is sp ecies , a stro ng fl ier, are scattered , an d n o t n ecessa rily coasta l.

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Map 2 1 Le is tu s f e r r ug ine u s (Lin n ae us , 17 58)

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Maps and species accounts

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This is a common sp ecies o ver mu ch of Englan d , b eco ming scarce r in th e n orth an d w est . It is ve ry loc al in Sco tland . It is now ab se nt from Irelan d , although two old Irish localities are recorded an d th ere is one Irish museum specimen still exta n t (Speigh t et at 1982) . It is found in wood lan d an d grasslan d , o ften in dry situation s . Lik e most sp ec ies o f the genus Leistus, this species b reeds in the autumn , and larvae occu r thro ugh out the w inte r. Th e wing s are no t fully d eveloped , an d it is d oubtful whethe r fl ight ever occurs . Its range exten ds througho ut central and north ern Euro p e .

Map 22 Le is t u s f u ltd b a r b is De je an , 18 2 6

L.f uld barbis is a wide spread sp ecies in bo th Britain and Irelan d, fo und ma inly in da mp wo od lan d, but als o in coastal dun es , at least in th e no rth . Breed ing occurs mainly in the summe r/ au tumn , an d the species is ab le to fl y. Its Euro pe an ran ge is mo re southe rn and w estern tha n tha t o f th e p rec ed in g species .

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Map 23 Le i stu s m o n ta nu s Ste p h e n s , 18 27 RDI13 Shirt ( 1987) N at io na lly S ca rce (A) Hyman and Parsons (1992)

Th is is a ve ry lo cal mo n tane sp ecies (see Welch 1995), w ith o n ly a few reco rds from N Wales , the English La ke District, the Scottish Highlands an d the Wes tern Isle s . There are 19th century reco rds from the Cheviots (see Eyre & Luff 1987) . No post-1970 Irish reco rds have b ee n rec eived , although it is o n the Irish list (Speight et a L 1982) and w as rec o rded from Cro ag hpatrick, Co . Mayo , by Johnso n an d Halbe rt (1912). As far as is kn own , it occu rs in free ly d raining ha bitats, su ch as scree slopes an d shingle b an ks . L. m on ta n us is probably an au tumn b ree der, b ut little is kn ow n of its habits . On the Con tin ent it has an alp ine d istribu tion , occurrin g at high altitu des throu ghout central an d southe rn Europe .

013 °

Maps and species acco unt s

Ma p 24 Le i s t u s r uf e s c e ns ( Fab ricius , 17 7 5)

Acco rd in g to Lind ro th (1985-86) , the n am e n if escens is p re-occu p ied by Ca m bus ruf escens Stro m , and the co rre ct n ame for this specie s sh ould b e L. ten nina tus (H ellw ig) . L. ruf escens is w ide sp read an d co mmon throughout Brita in and Ire lan d . It is less fre qu en tly record ed tha n L.f erru g in eus in so u th -ea st Englan d , bu t elsew here is th e co m mo ner o f th e two sp ecie s. It is foun d in all exce p t the d riest h ab ita ts, esp ecially in long grass an d in w ood lan d . Th is is an autumn-b ree din g sp ecie s , co mmon es t in su mm er. It is w in gd imo rp h ic, an d its ran ge ex ten ds thr oughout nort h ern Euro pe .

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Maps and species acco unt s

A recent in tro du ctio n (Crow son 1942), its early range ex pans ion w as no ted by Hammo n d (1974) . It has now sprea d throughout Englan d an d Wales north to North umbe rlan d , altho ugh it is co m mo nest in the south an d east Th ere is a single rece n t Sco ttish reco rd from the Lo thian reg ion (Luff 19966) . L. ruf om a rg in a tus occurs in b o th decidu ous and , less frequen tly, co nifero us w oo dlan ds, w here it fee ds on Collembo la, using s pecialise d mo u thp arts as a setal trap (Bau er 1985). It is winge d , an d has b ee n reco rded in fl igh t (Job e 1990) . Its co ntine n tal distribution is also ex p an ding , an d now in cludes most of central and so uthern Euro pe , in cluding the southe rn tip of Scan d ina via . Although a summe r breed er, its larvae ove rwinter, as in the au tumn -breedin g Leistus sp ec ies .

M ap 26 Le i st u s sp ialb a r bis (Pabricius, 1775)

Th is species exte nds throu ghout England , b ut is rare in the no rth , with very few Scottis h rec ords . It d o es not now o ccur in Ire lan d , altho ug h the re are two 19th ce ntur y reco rds an d a sing le mus eum ex am p le (Spe ight et at 1982) . Like L.f ulvibarbis it is p rimarily a woo dland species, but it also occurs on d unes. L. sp in iba rbi s is a summ er/ autum n-b ree d in g spe cies , capa ble o f flight. It is fo u nd thro ugh ou t cen tral an d southe rn regio ns of co ntinen tal Euro pe arid N Africa; Britain is the northern limit of its range .

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M ap 27 P e lop h ila b o r e a li s (Payk ull, 179 0) RDB3 Hyman and Parsons (1992)

With the exception of a single , recently co nfirmed ma inlan d p opulation in the Sco ttish Highlands (MacGo w an & Ow en 1993) , th is species occu rs only in the north an d w est of Irela nd , an d in Orkn ey an d Shetlan d . Nineteen th century rec ords from Englan d an d Wales (see Johnso n 1991) can be d iscoun ted . It is a strongly hygrop hilo us species , fou nd at lake ma rgins an d in w et flus hes . A spring breed er with summer larvae , the ad ults o f th is spe cies are fully win ge d , an d fl ight has be en observed . Its distribu tion is circumpo lar, w ith Iris h p opulatio ns rep rese ntin g th e southern limit of its Europ ean range .

4 Maps and species accounts

Map 28 N e b r i a b r e v ico llis ( Fab ric ius , 179 2) Th is is o n e of th e co mm onest Bri tish gro und b ee tles, fou n d in alm o st any hab itat w hich is not exce p tio na lly d ry, o r at h igh altitud e . Its eco log y has b ee n w ell stud ied (e g Green slad e 1964; Pe nn ey 1966; Muggleton 1970 ; Ne le ma ns 1987a) ; it is p red a to ry , mainly o n d iptero us lar vae , and has a w ell-de rmed au tum n b reed ing p eriod fo llow ing a su m mer ad u lt diap au se . Lar vae o verwinter, b ut are active in m ild wea ther o n the g round surface . N. brevicoll is is h ill -w ing ed , alth o ugh fl igh t is rare becau se mo st lar vae d o n o t rece ive enough foo d for d e velo p m ent of th e fl igh t m uscl es in the res ulting ad u lts (Nele ma ns 19876 ) . Its range exte n ds th ro u gh o u t Europ e excep t the far no rth .

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dbif Map 29 N e t l es co mp la t a ta ( Lin nae u s , 1767) N at iona lly Sca rce (A) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This exclusively co astal sp ecies can be fou nd ne ar the tide line an d in beach litter, o r less frequ en tly on adjacen t san d du nes . It feeds on Am ph ipoda (san dho ppe rs) (King & Stab in s 1971) . Reco rds are restricted to the co asts of Eng land and Wales each side of th e Bristo l Chan nel, and to the east-facing coast of sou th-e ast Irelan d . Th is sp ecies h as a l usitanian ' distribution alo ng the Atlan tic coasts of France, Spain an d Portugal, but also occurs in Italy. Th e Irish p opulatio ns are at the n orth ernm ost limit o f its ran ge. It w as form erly p laced in the ge nus Euty nebria .

Maps and spe cies acco unts

Map 30 N ebr ta gy l enbali ( Sch oe n h e rr , 180 6)

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This no rthern an d w estern species , sometim es kn ow n as N. ruf escens , is found ma inly by strea ms an d on moo rland at high altitudes, b ut also alo ng sto ny rive r marg ins n ear the coast. Its d istri b u tion ex tends as far as the south-west p en ins ula o f England , where it is ve ry local. It is w ide sp rea d in the mo untainous regions of Ireland . Th e form n if escens Stre m, w ith red dish e lytra , is o ft en fou nd alo ngside the normal dark form. O n mo untains the no rmal form also co-exists with form balbii Bo nelli, w h ich h as red ap pen da ge s. The w ings are w ell d evelop ed . N. g yllenba li breeds earlier tha n N . salina an d brevicollis , the larvae occu rrin g from mid-summe r th rough to the follow ing sp ring . Th is sp ecies is found in mo un tainous reg ions throughout Europe .

Map 3 1 N ebr ia li vida ( Lin na e us , 17 58 ) Nat iona lly Sca rce (A) Hyman and Parsons (1992)

Alth ough this sp ecies is no rmally restricted to the east coast of England , from Yo rkshire to Norfolk, the re are occasion al, substantiated rec ords from inlan d san d p its (Collier 1988; Co nstantine 1993) . On the co ast it is found at the base of bo ulde r clay cliff s, w here it h ides in cracks during the da y. This species ' range includ es central and easte rn Europ e , where it is not resui cted to the coas t. It is n ear the weste rn limit o f its range in England . It is ma cro pterous, an d bree ds in the au tumn , w ith w in ter larvae .

Maps and species acco unts

Map 32

N e b r ia n iv a li s (Paykult, 1790) RD B3 Shirt ( 1987) N at io na lly Sca rce (A ) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is is a b oreal species, reco rded as Britis h o nly re la tively recently (Blair 1950) b u t now kn ow n from mo u n tain su mm its in Wales n orth -w est England and w idely in Sco tland . It o ccurs at low altitud e on Skye . N . n iva lis is foun d un d er sto nes o n d ry h eaths w ith mo sse s an d lichens , o ften near p e rm an ent snow . It is o ften fo un d w ith N . g yllen h a li, w ith wh ich it is easily conf used : se e W elch ( 1981) fo r an ad d itio nal an te nnal character u sefu l fo r se p arating these two sp ecies . Bre eding o cc urs in the su mm er, b ut b oth larvae an d ad ults are kn ow n to o verwinter. N . niva lis is macro p terous, an d its ra nge ex te nds thro ugh the moun tains o f Scan d ina via to northern Russia . •

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Map 33 N e b ria s a u na Fairm air e & Lab oulb en e , 18 54

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Maps and species acco unt s

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In earlier litera ture N. salin a is referred to as N . degen era ta Sch aufuss o r N . ibe rica Oliviera . As N . salin a w as only recogn ised as Britis h in 1922 (se e Do n is thorp e 1931), record s of N . brevicollis p rior to that da te may refer to sa lina . No te tha t o nly the h in d tarsi are glab rous (Do nistho rpe 1931; Luff 1981a), no t those on all legs as state d in Lindroth (1974). N . salin a is dis trib uted as w ide ly as N. brevicollis , w h ich it clo sely resembles , bu t it is fou nd in less-prod uctive hab ita ts su ch as h eaths , sand du nes an d up land grasslan d . It is es pe cially co mmo n in the Western Isles, Orkn ey an d Shetlan d . This species breed s at the sam e time as N . brevicollis (Gilb ert 1946) , an d like that specie s has well-develop ed wings . Its co ntin ental d istribu tion is weste rn , from southe rn pan s of Scan d ina via , through The Neth erlands an d Belgium, to France and Spain .

Map 34 N o t top b ilu s ae s t bu a ns (Mots ch uls ky , 186 4) N a t io na lly Sca r c e (8 ) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

N. a estb ua ns (u sually spe lt as aest ua ns) is a loca l sp ecies , most rec ords co ming fro m the Sco ttish Highlan ds and the Penn in es, but w ith scatte red rec o rds from elsew here in Britain . It has rece n tly been rec onded from Slieve Dona rd , Co . Do w n , in Ire la nd (Alexan d er 1993) . This species is typ ically found in dry, rather open habitats, in clud ing the spo il heap s o f min es . It is macrop te rous , b ree d ing in summer, and its ran ge extends thr o ug ho ut ce ntral Europe.

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This is a wide sprea d species in Britain , and pro bab ly also in Ireland , fou nd on ope n h eaths , dunes an d moo rs as well as in sh ort grasslan d . It is ge nerally comm oner in the no rth . Th is species also includ es the N. strig if rons o f J oy (1932). N. aqua ticu s is a spring/ summ er bree d er, w ith summ er larvae . It is wing-dimorp hic an d its range ex tends throughout con tinen tal Euro pe .

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Maps and spe cies account s

Map 36 Nottop bikes biguttatus (Fabricius, 1779) •

Th is ve ry co mmo n an d w idespre ad sp ecies is foun d in almost all habita ts, esp ecially woo d land , wh ere it p reys up on Co llemb o la an d Acari living in the litte r layer (And ers on 1972) . It is diur n al , an d is oft en see n run nin g in gard en s. N. big u tta tus b reeds p rim arily in the sp rin g , b u t larvae have also been fo un d at the end o f the su mm er, w h ich ma y in d icate a p artial se con d generation . It is w ing-dimorp h ic, an d its ran ge exte nds through out con tine ntal Euro p e.

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Map 37 N ottop bilus ger tnitty i Fauve l, 1863

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Maps and species acco unts

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Kevan (1949) an d Luff (1981b ) no te the b ro ad , un p unctu red reg ion at the base of the head , separating this sp ecies from N .p a lustris . This species , forme rly kn o w n as N. byp oc n ta, is found o n heaths , moo rs an d in dry gra ssland througho ut Britain, and loc ally in Ireland . In contrast to N. big u tta tus , it is an au tumn b reed e r with winter larvae . N. g en n iny i is w ing -dimo rph ic, an d is fo und thr o ugh out central and north ern Euro pe .

Map 38

No t iop b d us p a lus tr is ( D uf tsc h m id, 18 12) N.p a lustris has a na rrow , unpunctu red central shagre ened are a at the base of the head (Kev an 1949; Luff 1981b) .

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Whilst almost as w ide sp rea d as N. germ iny i, N.p a lus tris is co mm o ne r than tha t sp ecies in the south-east of Englan d , b ut rarer in the north . It is p robab ly local b ut widesp read in Ireland . It generally p refe rs da mpe r or mo re shad ed ha bitats than N. gen niny i, altho ugh the two species o ften co -exis t. N.p alustris is a sprin g b reed er w ith summ er larvae . Its co ntin ental Europea n d istributio n is similar to N g erm iny i, bu t it d oes no t extend as far no rth in Scandinavia .

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Map 3 9 Not top lil lu s q ua d r ip u ncta t us De je an , 18 26 Nat iona lly Scarce (B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th e seve n to ten fin e ridges o n the frons se p ara te it from atyp ical N. big u tta tus , w h ich ma y h ave six co arse ridge s (Luff 198 1b) . Th e elytral str iae are coarse (as in big utta tus) , separating it from abe rra n t N. su bstria tus with ad d itiona l elytral p unctures. This is a local sp ecies found ma in ly in the sou the rn half of Englan d an d Wales but w ith occas ional records from as far north as Cum bria, an d a single Scottish reco rd from Mull. It is ab sent from Irelan d . It is found o n san dy heaths an d barely ve geta te d grou nd such as grave l p its. N. qua d np u n cta tus h as a southe rn an d western distribu tio n in co ntin ental Euro p e, rea ching its no rthern limit in Sco tland . As far as is known , it is a w ing-d imorp hic , sp ring bree der .

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4 Maps and species acco unts

Map 40

N o t iop b ilu s r uf tp e s Cur tis, 1829 This is a ma inly so uthern species , co mm o nest in th e so u th -eas t of Englan d , b ut w ith a sing le iso lated reco rd from a w oo dlan d relict on Ho y , O rkn ey (Welch 1993) . Th e d istribu tion is genera lly similar to N . q u a d np u n cta tu s , bu t N . rufi p es is mu ch less loc al . It is a w o od lan d sp ecies, foun d esp ecially in th e litter of d ecid uo us tre es. It is a m acro pterous , s p rin g b ree der, w ith a similar b u t mo re exte nsive co n tin en tal Euro p ean distrib utio n tha n tha t of N . q u a d np u n cta tu s .

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Maps and species accounts

No t iop b ilu s s u bs tr ia tus Waterhouse, 1833 This species is w ide sprea d throughout Britain an d Ireland , although not as ab unda nt as N . big u tta tus . It is fo und on d ry so ils w ith little , or open ve ge tation . N . su bstria tus is a ma crop te ro us, sp ring bree de r, occurring through ce ntral and so uthe rn Europe to As ia Minor.

Map 42 Ble tb is a m ult ip u nct a ta ( Lin na e u s , 17 58 ) Natio nally Scarce (B) Hyman and Par so ns ( 1992) A wide ly d istributed but local sp ecies , foun d in w et

sites su ch as fens , marshes and la ke sides . Th ere are few p ost-1970 Scottish rec o rds, b u t the sp ecies w as prese nt o n the no rth coas t of Suth erlan d in 1994. It is a spring breeder w ith summer larvae . Th e wing s are w ell develop ed , an d fl ight ha s be en o bse rved . The sp ecies occurs throu ghout co n tinenta l Euro p e excep t the far so uth .

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Elap b r u s c up r e u s Du f ts c h m id, 18 12

This is a co mmo n an d w ide sp rea d spe cies in Britain an d Ire lan d , fou nd in all types of mo ist, bo ggy situations , n ear stand ing wate r or da mp fl ushes o n moo rlan d . E. cup reus breed s in the spring , w ith summe r lar vae . It is an active p redato r by da y an d can fl y read ily (Bauer 1974). It is a ma in ly n orthern Euro p ea n sp ecies, bu t its range ex ten ds to southe rn France.

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4 Maps and species accounts

Map 44 E la p b r u s (ap p a l:it-us Gy l e n ha l, 18 10

Nat ionally Scarce (A ) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) Th is is a ve ry loc al sp ecies of mo ntane bo gs an d stream ma rgins . All re cent rec ord s are from the Sco ttish Highlan d s, b u t there are p re-1970 records fro m the Oute r He brid es , Shetlan d an d no rt hern En g lan d . It is ab se n t fro m Ireland . E lapp on ic us b re eds in sp ring/ summer , overw inte ring in the ad u lt stage . It is cap ab le of fl ight. It has a borea l d istributio n extend ing through Scand inavia to north ern Rus sia, Britain rep rese nting th e so uthe m limit of its range .

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Maps and species accounts

Map 45 E lap b r u s r ip a r ius ( Lin n ae us , 17 58 )

This is a w ide sp read an d co mm on sp ecies , found o n b are ground near stan d in g wate r, an d with a similar b iology to E . c up reu s (Bauer 1974) . Co mp are d w ith E. c up reus , it is co mm oner in the so u th an d east, and scarce r in the north of Britain , alth o ugh b oth species occur wide ly in Irelan d . E . np a riu s h as a sim ilar con tin ental Euro pean distribu tion to th at of E . cup reus .

Map 46 Elap b r us ulig hlosus Fab rici us , 17 9 2 Na t iona lly Scarce (B) Hyman and Parsons (1992)

A local species o f oligotro p hic, mainly low la nd fens an d b ogs. All recent reco rds are from the sou th and west of England , Wales an d west Sco tland , although there are o ld rec o rds from East Anglia an d eastern Sco tla nd . It is on the Dis h list (And erso n et a L 1997), altho ugh o nly two p recise locality record s have be en rec e ived . E. islig in osu s is p ro bab ly capab le of flight, and is fou nd in fens thr oughout co ntinental Euro pe .

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Map 47 Lor icer a p il ica r nis ( Fab ri c lu s , 17 7 5)

Some co ntin ental an d Nort h American au tho rs use the gen eric nam e Loro cera Be del. Th is is an ex treme ly co mm on an d w ide sp read specie s through ou t bo th Britain and Irelan d . It is found in all exce pt the d riest hab ita ts, es p ecially near water an d in da mp grasslan ds . L. p ilico rn is is an active flier, breeding in the spring and su mm er. The d iurnal larvae have spe cialise d mo uth p arts that act as a sticky trap to catch Collemb o la and similar prey (Bau er & Kredler 1988). The species occurs thro ughout continental Europ e, an d in North America .

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4 Maps and spe cies acco unt s

Ma p 4 8 Dy s c b ir iu s ae ne u s ( Dejea n , 18 23)

Th is sp ecies o ccu rs almo st entire ly in sou thern and east ern Englan d , b ut there are occas ional no rthern an d w este rn records . It is ab sent fro m Sco tlan d an d Ire lan d (w here old reco rds re fer to D . lue dersi â&#x20AC;&#x201D;se e Sp eigh t 1977 ; Sp eigh t et a l. 1982) . It is fou nd o n (and in) mu d o r sand n ear wate r, in similar hab itats to , but ap p arently no t associated w ith , B led ius spp . (Coleo p te ra , Staph ylin ida e). All Dy sch irius species have larvae in the su mme r, living u nd erg ro und w ith th e ad u lts . D . a en eus is fully w ing ed , an d ex te nds throughou t Europ e.

tlz Map 49 Dy s c b ir tus a ng u s ta t u s Ah re ns , 183 0 RD B3 Shin ( 1987), Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

Th is is a rare species , w hic h in the cu rre nt century ha s be en reco rde d regu larly only from the So lway regio n, w he re it was 're -d isco vered ' in 1992 (Key 1993). It has also been re co rded since 1974 from the Sussex co ast (Parry 1975) an d no rth -ea st Scotland (Lyszkowski, Ow en & Sinclair 1994). Th ere are 19th century reco rds from Hampsh ire, Ken t, Yorks hire an d Inve rness (Parr y 1975). It is fou nd on bare san d near wate r, usually o n the coast, an d prob ab ly preys up o n mo re than o ne spe cies o f B led ius (Coleo ptera , Stap hylinida e) . D . a ngu status has a ma inly central Euro p ean distribution .

Maps and species accounts

Map SO

Dy sc b ir ius e x te ns us Puizeys, 184 5 RDB3 Shirt ( 1987) RD B I Hyman an d Parso ns ( 1992)

The mo st rec en t reco rd o f this spe cies is from Deal, Eas t Kent, in 1940, an d it may now be ex tin ct in Britain. Older records are from san dy , co astal sites , almo st all in so uth ern England, where it is asso ciated w ith mo re tha n o ne species of Bledius (Co leo p tera , Stap hylinida e) . It is very loc al in so uthe rn an d easte rn continental Eu ro pe .

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Dy s cb ir ius g lo b o s u s (He rbst, 1784 )

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This is the co mmo nest species o f the ge nus, foun d wide ly in Britain and Ireland o n da mp , b are or p oo rly ve ge tate d ground , oft en o n peat . It is not asso ciate d w ith Bledius spp . (Coleop tera , Stap hylinida e) . D . globosus is co mm on thr o ugho ut continental Euro pe , an d is usually brachypte rous.

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Maps and species acco unt s

Map 52 Dy s c b ir i us imp u nc Up e nnis D aw so n , 18 5 4

Th is is a local, usually co astal spe cies, fou nd as far n o rth as Scotland in the w est an d Northumberland in the east, an d in Ire lan d , inh ab iting sakmarsh es w ith B led ius sp p . (Coleop tera , Staphylin ida e) . Most re ce n t reco rds are from th e We lsh co ast . Th ere are also 19th century reco rd s from no rth-east Scotland (Fow le r 1887) . D . imp u n ctip en n is is macrop te ro u s, an d is p rimarily a no rt h-east Euro pea n sp ecies, w ith o utlying popu lation s in n orth ern Sp ain and ce ntral Euro pe , wh ere it also occu rs inland .

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Map 53 Dy s c b ir i u s lu e d e r s i Wag ne r , 19 15

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Maps and species accounts

Th is spec ies oc cu rs both o n th e coast an d inland in ma rshes and o n da mp clay soils , w here it is no t d ep en dent on B led ius (Coleo ptera , Stap hylin idae ) . Most reco rds are from th e south -east of England , b ut it ex ten ds to north ern England , south-we st Scotlan d and the w est o f Irelan d (Spe ight 1977). Older re co rds o f D . a en eus ma y refe r to this sp ecies , w hich w as not describe d until 1915, an d n ot recognise d as British until some years after that (Blair 1933) . D . lu ed ersi is macro p tero us, an d fl igh t has bee n noted . It is fou nd throughout central an d eastern Europ e.

Map 54 D y scb ariu s nitidus ( D e jea n, 18 2 5) N at ionally Scarce (A ) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) A loca l species , found ma inly in co asta l sa ltma rshes

w ith B led iu s (Coleop tera, Staphylinida e) , it o ccurs as far n orth as south-west Scotla nd . Hyma n an d Parso ns (1992) also cite old reco rd s from Lincolnshire , Cheshire and Moray , b ut the se reco rd s are no t ava ilab le for this Atlas. D . n itid u s d oe s not o ccur in Irelan d . It can fly, and is a ma in ly so uth ern Euro pean species, extending as far no rth as southern Scandinavia.

' Map 55 D y scbirius obscurus (Gylle nhal, 1827) RD B I Shirt ( 1987) RD B2 Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is species was p reviou sly kn ow n only from the Lo ugh Neagh region of Irelan d , w here it still o ccurs. Recen tly, additional ce ntres o f d istribution have b een found in the east of Englan d , in b are gro und by w ate r in grave l p its (Sheph ard 1970; Ph ilp & Side 1973; Collier 1988). D . obscu rus is macropterous , with a no rth-easterly distribution in Europ e.

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Maps and species accounts

Map 56 Dy s c b ir iu s p o la u s (Deje an , 18 2 3)

Th is spe cie s has a scattered distribu tion th roughou t Britain an d Ire lan d ; all Scottis h re cords are coastal, b u t furth er south it also occu rs in lan d . It is fou n d in sa n dy loc alities w ith B led ius (Co leo p tera , Sta p hylin idae) , no t alw ays n ear water. D .p olitu s is a ma cro p te ro us , n orth ern an d eastern Euro pean sp ecie s.

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Maps and species accounts

Map 57 Dy s cb ir iu s s a linu s Scha um , 184 3

An almost ex clusive ly co asta l sp ecies , p rev iously co nfused with D . lue dersi, to wh ich earlier inland re co rds ma y refe r. D . salin us ha s been reco rded from saltmars hes aro und the British co ast north to ce ntral Scotland , and there is one recent Irish record from Portste wart Strand , Co . Antrim . In Euro pe the species o ccu rs in suitab le co asta l hab itats from so uthe rn Sw ed en to the Med iterranean , an d in land in saline hab itats in eastern Euro pe .

Map 58 Dy s c lufr ius t b o ra c ic u s Ros s i, 179 0

This co asta l species, fo rme rly kn own as D . a reno sus Stephens, is fou nd very loc ally on bare sa ndy sho res throughout Britain as far north as central Scotland . It is on the Irish list (Spe ight et a t 1982), alth ough no rec o rds ha ve be en rece ived . D . tboracic us is a macropterou s species , fou nd th rou ghout Euro p e in saline hab itats , as w ith D . salin us .

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Map 59 ( Tic ino c o lia r is (He rbs t, 1784)

Widesp rea d in England an d Wales , but more local in Scotland , this species is found on sandy soils usu ally near rive rs. Although it was o n the Irish list, there are no reco rds from this century (Spe ight et a t 1982) and it has been o mitted from th e mo st rec ent ch ecklist (Anderso n et a t 1997). Te neral spe cimens of C.f ossor can be co nfused w ith this sp ecies . It is a ma cro pterous, sp ring bree der, fo und througho ut mo st o f Europe ex cep t the far north.

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Map 60 Cli v ina f o s s o r (Lin n ae us , 1758) Th is co mmon an d w ide sp read sp ec ies is sub terra n ean , living in mo st so ils thr ough out Britain an d Ire land , especiall y in low lan d grasslands . It bree ds thr o u gho ut the ye ar, w ith a peak in sprin g , an d larva e occu r in the so il w ith ad ults . Altho ugh it is p rimarily carnivorous , ad u lts ma y also damage yo u ng se e dling s (see Lu f 1987) . C. f ossor is w ing d imo rp h ic, an d fl igh t is p ro b ab ly rare . It o ccurs th ro ugho u t Europ e , an d has been introdu ced to No rth America.

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Br o s cus cep b a lo te s (Lin na eus , 1758)

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Maps and species accounts

This large and co nsp icu ous sp ecies is alm ost exclu sively co astal, oc curring on san dy sho res u nd er tidal refuse an d on sand d un es all aro un d the co asts o f Britain and Ireland . Th ere are also several inlan d rec ords from sandy sites, usually fo llow ing spells of ho t, dry w eath er. B . cep ha lotes is an au tumn bree der , overwinterin g in the larval stage . Altho ugh the wings are well d eve loped , the elytra do not o p en rea dily an d it is un like ly that it can fl y. In Europe it is w ide sp read excep t in the far so uth an d north , an d often occu rs inland .

Map 62 M is c o d er a a r ct i ca (Pay kull , 1798 ) Nationa lly Scarce (B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This is a local, us ually mo ntane species, rec orded ma inly from no rthern Englan d an d the Sco ttis h High la nds . There are olde r records from north Wales , w ith a recent record from Radn orsh ire, an d a sing le sp ecime n co lle cted in 1965 from Exmoo r, Devon , at 130 m altitud e . M. a rctica has re cen tly bee n d iscovere d on Slieve Don ard in the no rth o f Ire lan d (Alexan de r 1993). It is fo u nd on moo rs an d heaths , especially on well-draining mo raine so ils , rep ute dly fee ding on the p ill b ee tle By rrhus p ilu la (L.) . M . a rctica bree ds in the au tumn , w ith w inter larvae . It is winged , and flight has been reco rded o n the Continent. It has a boreo -alp ine distrib utio n , occurrin g througho ut the mountains of northern Europ e and the Alp s.

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Map 63 P a t r o b u s a s s i m ili s Chaudo ir, 1844

This sp ecies o ccu rs north -west o f a line from the Severn to the Hu mb er , usually, but not alw ays , o n hills or mountains . It is fou nd in grassland, mo ors an d sometime s w oods , often co-existing with P . a troruf us (see Ho u sto n & Luff 1983; Allen 1991) . It is p rob ab ly w ide spre ad in Ireland . P. assim ilis is a sp ring/ summ er bree der whose larvae e ither co mp lete develo pment the sam e yea r, or ov erw in ter w ith the new -gen era tion adu lts. It is wingless , an d ha s a notth ern , montane distribution in Europ e.

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4 Maps and sp ecies acco unt s

Map 64 P a tr obus a tr on sfi ts ( Str o e m , 17 68)

Th is sp ecies , often re fer red to as P. ex ca vatus (Payku ll) , is w ide spread in England and Wales , b ut be co mes scarc er in Scotland an d Ireland , w here P . assert:ill's is reco rd ed m ore freq uen tly, alth ough th e tw o sp ecie s may co -exist (Ho uston & Lu ff 1983) . P . a tro ruf us is fou nd main ly in w oo dlan d an d da mp gra ssland hab itats, often on clay soils . It is b rac hyp tero us, breeding in the au tum n w ith w inte r lar vae . It is co mm o n in Europe excep t in th e far so u th-wes t.

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Map 65 P atr obus sep tentr i onis De je an , 18 2 8 N at ionally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

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Maps and spe cies accounts

Th is montan e species is foun d ve ry locally in northern England an d mo re w ide ly in Scotland , inc luding the Outer Isles an d Shetlan d . According to Hyman an d Parso ns (1992), it also occurs in n orth Wales , b ut the rec ord cann ot now b e traced . The species w as first reco rded in Ire lan d from Carrantuohill, Co . Kerry (Jans o n & Bona parte-Wyse 1924) but has not b ee n reco rd ed sinc e (Sp eight et aL 1982). It lives n ear wate r, in moss an d u nder sto nes . P . sep ten trion is is th e o nly British me mb er o f the ge nus that is wing ed and ab le to fl y . Like P. a troruf us , it is an au tumn breed er. Its range is circump olar, be ing bo rea l o r alp in e in Euro p e .

Map 66 P er i lep t u s a r eo la tu s ( Creutzer , 179 9) Nationally Scarce (A) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) SAP ( 1995)

Alth oug h th ere are ea rly records from easte rn Englan d , south Sc otlan d an d Irelan d , and a sing le 1997 Sco ttish reco rd , this species has be en reco rded recently ma inly from Wale s and th e Wels h bo rde r co unties o f Engla n d . It lives in if n e sa nd an d shingle by rivers . P . a reola tu s is a spring b reed er, and is kn ow n to be able to fl y . It has a p rimarily so uthern Euro pe an d istrib ution , extending as far north as southern Scandina via .

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Map 67 A ep us ma r inu s ( Str oem, 178 3)

Nat ionally Scarce (B) Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992) BA P ( 1995) A co asta l species, livin g in the intertidal zone of

rocky shores , usuall y under sto nes lyin g on fine sand or sh ingle , b ut also in ro ck crevices . It occurs locally aroun d the whole of Britain , and p robably also Irelan d . Its life cycle is unce rtain . The species is w ingless, w ith a restricted d istribution exten ding from southe rn Norway alo ng the English Chan nel to northern Brittany.

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Maps and sp ecies acco unt s

Map 68 Aep u s r ob ini (La b ou lb en e , 184 9) Nat io na lly Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

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Th is coasta l species (so metim es p la ced in the sep ara te genus A ep op sis, and o fte n spelt robin i0 is w id ely d istrib uted b u t local. It is ap p are n tly ab sen t fro m the n o rth ern p art of Sco tla n d . A . ro bi n t can co -e xis t w ith A ma rin us b ut th e cu rre nt spe cies sh o w s a greater tend en cy to inh ab it dee p , sand - or silt-fi lled roc k crevice s , usually w ith the co llembo lan A n u rid a m a ritim a , o n wh ich it p ro b ably feeds . Diff eren ce s in the micr o-ha bitat an d mo rp ho logy of th es e two species are o u tlin ed b y King, Ford y an d Ell io t (1982). Both ad u lts an d larvae hav e been fou n d toge ther in ea rly sp rin g su ggesting that the sp e cie s may b ree d at any tim e . A . rob tn i h as a w ider an d mo re southerly Euro pe an distribution th an A . m a rin us , ex te nd ing fro m Britain an d Ire lan d so u th alo ng the Atlan tic co as t o f Fran ce to Sp ain , Po rtugal an d the Mediterra ne an .

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Map 69 Tb a la s s op b ilu s lo ng ico r nis ( Sturm , 18 25) Nat iona lly Sca rce (A) Hyman and Parsons (1992)

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Maps and sp ecies acco unt s

Th is is a ve ry local specie s (so me tim es inc lud ed in the genus Trech us ) , w ith a few recent reco rds from Wales , one from Northumberland an d two from west Scotland . Flyman an d Parsons (1992) also me ntion p re- 1970 rec ords from East Kent, Shropshire an d Roxburg hshire . It has not bee n fo und in Ire land . Like Perilep tu s , T long icorn is lives in fin e rive r shin gle , but is sub terra nean . It is ab le to fly, an d occu rs throughout cen tral an d southe rn Europ e .

Map 70

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Trec b u s d i scu s (Fa h r ic i u s , 1792) N at io nal ly Scar ce (B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This is a widesprea d but local sp ecies in England and Wales, very loca l in Irelan d . So me w orks ha ve it in the gen us La siour ch us. It li ves n ea r w ate r o n fine silt or mu d , an d ad ults burrow in to cre vices in the substrate . T. d iscus is win ge d an d flies read ily. It is p robab ly an au tum n b ree d er w ith a cen tral European d istribution .

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Map 7 1 Tre cb u s f ulvu s Deje an , 1831 N at io na lly Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons (1992)

Th is co astal species (fo rme rly kn own as T. lap idosus Dawson) is fou nd o n b oth sandy an d rock y shorelin es aro und Britain and Ireland , living under sto n es n ear the h igh w ate r ma rk ne ar to fresh w ater sp rings o r se ep ages. A recent Isle o f Man rec o rd is from a sea cave . According to Flym an and Parson s ( 1992), it als o occurs in the West Midland s reg ion . It is co mm o nest in the south an d west of Britain, bu t occu rs as far no rt h as Orkn ey and Shetlan d . Its life cyc le is unce rtain ; th e species is apterous , an d it has a 'Lusitanian' distrib ution extend in g from southern No rway to Spain, where cave mico lou s forms o ccur.

Maps and species acco unt s

Map 72 Trecbus m icros (Herbst, 1784) Th is sp e cies (sometim es p ut in the genu s Trecb oblem us) is gen erally d istrib uted thro ugh out Brita in ex cept no rth ern Sco tland , an d is p robab ly also w idesp read in Irelan d . It is usually fou nd near w ate r, bu t als o in dam p gra ssland , possibly associate d w ith th e ru ns o f sm all ma mma ls. Unlike other sp ecies o f Trech us , it is p rima rily a sp ring/ summ er b re e de r, b ut ad ults can be fo und at all tim es o f ye ar. It is w ing ed , an d can fly. T. m icros occurs througho u t mo st o f Euro pe . o

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Map 73 Trecbus obtusus Erichson, 1837

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Maps and species acco unts

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Th is is a ve ry co mm on an d w ide sp read sp ecies, fou nd in mos t non-wood ed hab itats through o ut Britain an d Irelan d . In compariso n w ith the related T q ua d ristria tus , it has a mo re north erly d istribu tion in Britain an d is th e co mm o ner of the two s pecies in Ire land . T. obtusus is brach yp te rous in Britain and Irelan d , but wing-dimo rp hic on the Contine nt (see den Boe r 1965) . It b reed s in au tumn an d into early w inte r, an d o ccu rs th rougho ut Europe .

Map 74 Trecb us q ua cir is tr ia t us (Sc h rank , 17 8 1) Like T. obtu sus , this species (the forme r T rnin u tus (Fabricius)) is co mmo n an d widesprea d in bo th Britain an d Irelan d , altho ugh the cu rre nt spe cies has a mo re southe rly an d eas te rly d istribu tion in En gla n d an d Sco tland . Diff erences betw ee n the two spe cies are o utlin ed b y d en Boe r (1965) . T. q ua d ristria tus li ves in most o p en hab itats, includ in g agricultural lan d . It is a late-au tum n b reed er w hich can fly rea d ily, an d large au tumn swarms are so me times rep orte d , especially in eas tem Englan d . Th ese ma y rep resent w in d -blow n migrations from the Co ntinen t, w here it is w ide sprea d .

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Map 75 Trecb us r i vu la r is (Gy lle n ha l, 18 10)

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RD B I Shirt ( 1987) RD B3 Hyman and Parsons (1992) •

This rare species was fo rmerly known only from East Anglia an d Yorkshire (Shirt 1987) , but has rec ently b een recorded from w idely sep arated localities in Wales, northern England, Scotland and Nor the rn Ire land (Day 1987; Anderso n & Meha rg 1989; Ho lmes et a l. 1990; Luff & Wardle 1991; Luff 1996b) . It lives in both lowlan d fens an d up land omb rotro p hic mires an d mo sse s. T. riuu laris is an autumn breeder; it is w ing-dimorp hic , and restricted to no rthern and eastern Europe .

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Maps and species accounts

Map 76 Tr e c b us r ub e ns (Fab rici us , 179 2) N at ionally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

T. ru be ns is a local, p rimarily no rth e rn sp ecies , foun d usually in co nifero us w ood lan d , oft en near streams . Th ere are two recen t Irish re co rds , an d it w as add ed to the Isle o f Man list in 1995 (Luff 1996 a) . The sp ec ies is full -w inged , and fl ies at n igh t . It is an au tumn b ree d er with w inter larvae . Th e w ide r distribu tio n is circu mpolar , thro ughou t no rth ern Eu ro p e an d also in North America .

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Map 77 Tr ecb us s ec a lis (Pay kul l, 17 9 0)

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Maps and species accounts

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This species has a ma rked ly eastern distrib ution in England an d southern Scotland , w ith a single site fu rther north (Wals h & Smith 1992) . Th ere are few We lsh rec ords an d it is ab se nt from Irelan d . It is found in da mp , un ma naged grasslan ds as well as in woo dlan d , usuall y at lo w altitud es . T. seca lis is an apterous, au tum n/ win ter bree der, sim ilar to T. obtus us . It oc cu rs th ro ugho ut Euro p e except the extreme south an d west; in Sweden it is regularly found w ith T q ua d ristria tus in arab le fi elds .

Map 78

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Trecbus subnota tus De je an , 18 3 1 RD B I Shirt ( 1987), Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is species has p rob ably been in tro d uce d to Britain and Ire land on mo re tha n one o ccasion . It is now established , but not ap parently sp read ing , at three iso lated sites in Yorkshire, Devo n and near Dublin (Allen 1950a ; 0 1Mahony 1940) . The spec ies has no evide nt preferred ha bitat, an d ha s b ee n found in co mpo st, p lan t litter an d ru bble . T. subnotatus is w ingless, which ma y exp lain its in ab ility to spread further in Britain an d Ireland . It originate d from the Mediterranea n region .

Maps and species acco unt s

Map 79

Map 80

A s ap h id t o nfl a v ip e s agg.

As ap httli o n cu r tu m Hey d e n , 187 0

A . cu rtu m ha s a w ider distribution than that o f A .;fl a vip es; it te nds to occu r mo re specifi cally o n sand and fine silt near w ater. O the r feature s o f its b iolo gy are p robab ly similar to those o f A .j lamp es.

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Map 8 1 As ap hi di o n f la vip e s ( Lin n ae u s , 17 61) co

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A sap b id ionf lavip es (L.), as reco gn ise d in Britain , h as re ce n tly b een sh o w n to co mp rise thr ee sp ecies (Sp e igh t et a l. 1986) , so th at o n ly re cent records are ce rta inly th e true f lamp es. Th e th re e species are map p ed togeth er, b ut in itial co m ments on ea ch are g ive n , toge the r w ith in te rim sep arate ma ps.

Th e ind ications are th at the true A.fl a vip es is less generally d istribute d in Britain an d p robab ly Irelan d than A . cun u tn , b eing fou nd in da mp b ut o pe n situations , o ft en near w ater. It is ab le to fly, b ree ds in sp ring , an d occurs commonly thro ughout Europe .

Map 82 As ap hid io n s tie r tini He y de n , 18 80

Altho ugh all thr ee can co -ex ist, th is sp ecie s is mo re restricte d to the east o f Eng lan d th an A . cu n u m ; it has not ye t b een found in Ire lan d . It is fou nd in drier ha b itats in cluding san d and ch alk p its. De tailed biolog ical in forma tion is lackin g.

Maps and species accounts

I Map 83 • Asap hidion p atlip es (D uftschmid, 1812) Nat io na lly Scarce (8 ) Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992)

This is a loc al spe cies w ith a rath er sca ttered distribution from th e Scottis h Highlan ds to more so utherly English co astal localities , as w ell as in Irelan d . It lives on fi n e , b are san d or silt be sid e streams an d rivers, in san d p its or on the coast. A . p ali sp es is a summ er/ autumn b reed er with w inte r larvae . It can fly, and its distrib ution exte nds throughout n orthern an d eastern Euro pe .

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Map 84 Bembielion aeneum Germar , 1824 This species is fou n d throughout most of Britain, but is co mm onest in the cen tral and easte rn reg ion s o f Englan d , w ith only two reco rds from northe rn Sco tland . It occurs in Irela nd . It is fou nd on damp , clay soils, o ft en am ongst estuarin e vegetation in the south, bu t in wood lan d and grasslan d on heavy soils furthe r north , esp ecially near temporar y wate r. B. aeneum is a sprin g b ree der . It is w ing-dimorp hic, an d the wing ed form can certain ly fly. It has a ma in ly n orthern Euro pean distribu tion , w ith isolated pop ulations further south .

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4 Maps and spe cies acco unts

Map 85 Be m td d io n a nd r e a e ( Fah ric iu s , 1787)

This species occurs in sand and fine gravel on river ma rgins , often at moderate altitudes. Many of its low land sites are coasta l, p articularly where streams cro ss sandy beaches. It has a wide but scattered distribution in Britain and probably also in Ireland . Th e form generally recogn ised as occurrin g in Britain is subsp ecies bu alei du Val (synonymo us w ith a ng lican u m Sharp), w hich is an up land form in contine nta l Europ e . It is po ssible that British sp ecime ns from coastal loc alities ma y represent a diff erent subspe cies. B . a nd reae is an active fl ier, sp ring-breeding , w ith a wide but scattere d European distribu tion.

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Map 86 Be m bid l o n a rg e nt eo lu m Ah re n s , 18 12 'Insuff ic ient ly know n' Hyrnan and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

This spe cies was formerly kn ow n only from old reco rds at Lough Neagh , Irelan d, but Speight et al. (1982) now reg ard it as extinct there . A single recent occurrence from Dungeness in Ken t in 1987 (Mende l 1991) probably resulted from immigratio n acro ss the Channel from Belgium or Th e Netherlands , where it is widesp read (Desend er 1986; Tur in et al 1977) . Its usual habitat is bare sand near water, bo th on the coast and inland .

Maps and species accounts

Map 87 Be mb i eli o n a tt ic:d a t um (Panze r, 179 5)

This sp ecies is restricte d to the so uth and east o f Britain , only just exte nd ing into Yo rkshire and Wales . It is abse nt from Ireland . Its habitat is bare clay or mu d near w ater, where the be etle ofte n li ves in cracks in the substrate , but it is seldo m fou nd on the coast. B . a rticu latu m is a w inge d sp rin g/ summe r bree der that occurs acro ss Europe and the palaearctic zone to Japan .

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Map 88 Be mb id io n as s imi le Gy l le n ha l, 18 10

This species is found in marshes and sw amp s in the sou the rn half of Britain , the Isle of Man and Ireland , in habiting dense vegetation and ree d beds . In Wales it is predo minantly coastal, fou nd in the upp er sections of saltmarshes. B . a ssim de is a sp ring-breeding species, often but no t always b rachyp terous. It exten ds thro ughout most of Euro pe except the extreme north .

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Maps and species accounts

Map 89 Be ntb i d i o n a tr o c o e r uleu m Ste p h e ns , 18 28

Th is is an uplan d sp ecies fou nd at the ma rgins of stre ams in north ern and weste rn Britain and in mountainous regio ns of Ireland . It is mo re w ide sp read than B . p ra sin u m , and occurs in coarser sh ingle . Separation of B . a troc oe ru leu m from the re lated B . tibia le an d B . g e n ic u la tu m can be difficu lt. It is a w inged , sp ring breeder, w ith a west European montan e d istribution , extending across so u thern and w est central Euro pe , but abse nt from the nordic countries .

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Map 90 Be ntb id io n big ut ta tu m ( Fahri cius , 17 79)

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Maps and spe cies acco unts

A common spe cies in most of England , it beco me s local further north and west, and very local in Scotland . It is absent from Ireland. It is found on open gro un d near water, or in damp grassland , sometimes w ith B . a e neu m . A spring-breeding sp ecies, B . b ig u tta tu m is w in ged and can fl y readily. Its range extends throughout central and mid-northern Europe.

Map 9 1 Bembidian bip unctatum ( Lin n ae u s , 17 6 1) Nationally Scarce (B) Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992)

More local tha n the relate d B . p u n ctu la t u m , this species is fou nd on fine sand or grave l ne ar b oth still and runn ing water. A prima rily north ern species , B . bip u n cta tu m lives near stre ams and rivers in the north of its range ; howeve r, there are records from the ma rgins of rese rvo irs in Eng land , west Wales and western Ireland . B . b ip u n cta tu m is macropterous, spring-breeding, and is distribu ted through ou t Europe. •

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Map 92 Bernbidi on br ux etlense Wesinael, 1835

Th is species, oft en refe rred to as B . rup estre, is w ide ly distribu ted and moderate ly commo n througho ut Britain and Ireland , occurring on sand an d gravel at the margins of both still and runnin g water, as well as so metimes in damp grassland . It is a win ged, sp ring bree der, found ove r most of Europe except the far south .

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Maps a nd sp e cie s acc ount s

Map 93 Be mb id i o n cla r k i ( D aw s o n , 18 4 9) Nat io na lly Sca rce (B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

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This sp ecies h as a predominantly southe rn and eastern d istribution , bu t w ith scattered record s from Irelan d and on e from south Scotlan d . It is foun d , usu ally inland , at the margin s of shaded pon ds an d lakes. B . cla rk i is usu ally w ingless, an d breeds in the sp rin g . It is a w estern Euro p ean species, occu rring from southern Scandinavia thr ough the coastal countries to Sp ain .

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Map 94 Bem bi d i o n de co n a n ( Zen ker in Pa n ze r, 18 00)

Maps and spe c ies account s

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A species of san d, gravel and shingle banks by w ater, w ith a less northerly distribu tion than many o the r species of this habitat, it is record ed frequently in Wales and the sou th-w est of England as w ell as in some sou th-e astern sites . It is w idesp rea d in Ireland . B . decorum is a spring b ree der. It fl ies readily, and occurs through ou t ce ntral and southern Europ e , Scotlan d being the n orthern limit of its range .

Map 95 Be m bi d io n d e nt enu m (Thunbe rg, 1787)

This is a pred om inantly southern sp ecies (forme rly called B .f la m m u lat u m Cla irville), common throughout England and Wales except in the no rth of tho se countries . It is very seldo m recorded from Scotland (the single co nfirmed recent record is from Loch Venachar, West Perth) or Ireland . It is fou nd in marshy sites near stan ding or run ning water. B . d en tellu m is a rnacropterous sp rin g breeder whose range extends throughout northern and central Euro pe .

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Be mb id io n d o r is (Panze r, 1796)

This species, widespread bu t local throughout both Britain and Ireland, is found in hab itats which are constantly wet, such as swamps, marshe s and Sp h ag n u m bogs . It is winged , breeds in the spring, and is foun d throughout Europe .

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Maps and species accounts

Map 97 Be mbid io n ep hip p ium (Mars ha tn, 18 02) Na t io na lly Sca rce (A) Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992)

All recent records for this coasta l sp ecies are from th e east , its British ran ge exte nding from sou thern Englan d north to Lincolnshire. It does not occu r in Ire lan d . It lives at the base of sa ltmarsh vegetation and in litter. It is a ma cropterous, sp ring b reeder, fou nd in Euro pe along the co ast from Den mark sou th to the Mediterran ean and No rth Africa.

do M ap 98 Bem bid io nf emo r a t u m Sturm , 18 25 eo 00 • •

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Maps and species acco unt s

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This spe cies is wide spread in England and Wales, mo re loc al in Scotland and Irelan d but extend ing north to Shetland . It is often coastal, bu t also occurs in sand p its and oth er disturbed areas, inhabiting op en , often da mp so ils, not necessarily near wate r. B .f em oratu m is ma cropte rou s, and breeds in the sp rin g. It is found through out Europ e .

Map 99 Bembidionf lu via tile Dejean, 1831 N at iona lly Scarce (B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This very local spe cies, w hich lives in clayish river banks, see ms now to be restricted to Wales , centra l and northe rn England, and the extreme sou th of Scotlan d, althoug h there are more w idespread olde r reco rds . It is abse nt from Ireland . B . f lu v ia tile is w inge d , bree ds in the spring , and has a localise d distribution in cen tral arid southe rn Europ e, rea chin g its north ern most limit in Britain .

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Map 100 Bembidionf unzigatum (Duf tsch mid, 1812) N at ionally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

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This easte rly species is foun d as far no rth as Yorksh ire, is very local in south Wales and the w est of England , and has a single Irish loc ality at Lough Bunny, Co . Clare (And erson 1981). It inhabits well-vegetated , marshy areas such as fens, usu ally on clay soils estuaries and saltmarshes. B . f u m iga tu m is a winge d sp ringbreeding spe cies , found ma inly on the coast, througho ut Euro pe except the far no rth .

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Maps and species accounts

Map 10 1 B e rnb id i o n g ene t Ku es te r, 18 4 7

Th is is a southe rn and eastern species; no Scottish re co rd s have been received , bu t there is a single Irish re cord from the east co ast at Wexford in 1980 (Speight et a l. 1982) . if g en ei occurs on mo is t, open clay o r sand near w ater, often near th e se a. Th is is a macrop tero us, sp ring-b ree ding sp ecies , occurring thro ug ho ut much of Europe exce pt the extre me nor th . Th e form fou nd in Britain and the north of Europ e is sub sp ecies ill ig er i Neto litsky, forme rly referred to in British w o rks as B . q ua d rtg u tta tu m se ns u Illige r.

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Map 102 Be mb id i o n g enie rd a t u m He e r, 18 38 Th is species , oft en referred to as B . red te n ba ch eri Daniel, is closely relate d to B . a trocoeru leu m , but

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Maps and species acco unt s

has a more restri cted and northerly d istribu tion in Britain, be ing recorded regu larly only from the Pen nines. It is local in Wales and Scotland, and there is a single rece nt Irish record from a stre amside at Glen ariff, Antrim (Speight et a l. 1982). Its habitat and biology are similar to tho se of B . atrocoe ru leu m , w ith which it is easily confuse d . The European range is similar, but mo re easterly.

Map 10 3 Bem buil o n g thdp es Sturm, 1825 Nat io na lly Scar ce (B) Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992)

This is a southern and mainly eastern sp ecies, not recorded from Scotlan d , and w ith o nly a single Irish record . It is fou nd on mo ist, clay so ils in shad ed marshy habitats , including woo d s. The sp ecies is w ing-d imorphic, an d bree ds very early in the sp ring . Its range extends thr ou gh out mo st of centr al and eastern Eu rope .

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Map 104 Bembtd io n g uttula (Fabricius , 179 2)

Th is sp ecies is comm on and widespread in most of Britain and Ireland excep t in no rthe rn Scotland. It lives in most habitats wh ich are not excessively dry, including wood s, grassland , arable land and gardens, bu t is most abunda nt near water. B. g u ttu la is usu ally fully winged and able to fl y, but apterous examples occur which are diffi cult to distinguish from B. m a n n erh eitn i. It is a sp ring breeder, occurring throughout Europe and much of Asia, and has been in trodu ced to North America.

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Maps and spe cie s acco unt s

Ma p 105 Be m b id io n b a rp a lo id e s Serv ill e , 182 1

Th is be etle (forme rly kn ow n as B . ruf escens and oft en pu t, w ith B . q u inq u estria tu m , in the genu s Ocy s) is common and w idesp rea d except in the n orthe rn p art of the Scottish mainland, although th ere are records from the Hebrides and St Kilda . It o ccu rs in Irelan d . It is fou nd in woo dland , main ly under the bark of logs and dead trees, but also under stones on the ground in more open localities. B . h a tp a lmii es is p robably fu lly winged , and breeds in the sp ring/ su mmer. It has a w este rn d istribution , south to North Africa , and is at the no rthern limit of its range in Britain .

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Map 106

Be mb id io n b ume r a le Stur m , 18 25 RD B I Shirt ( 1987), Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

BA P ( 1995)

This spe cies was discovered in Britain only recently (Crossley & Norris 1975) bein g know n only from Th ome and Hatfi eld Moo rs in Yorkshire . It lives on mo ist, partly bare peat in lowland oligo trophic bogs. B . h u tne rale is a winged , p resumably springbree ding , central European sp ecies at its northern li m it in Britain and sou th ern Scan dinavia . The re are fossil reco rds of the sp ecies in Britain as far south as Somerse t (Duff 1993) , ind icating that it may be a relict sp ecies, rath er than an in trod uctio n. There are no Irish reco rds .

Maps and species account s

Map 107 Bembid ion tr icolor Bedel, 1879

This is a species of coastal and estuarin e sakma rsh es , where it lives under plant litter and se awee d. It is found arou nd th e English and Welsh coasts , and occasionally so me way inlan d . It is abse nt from Scotland and Ireland . The spec ies is full-winge d , sp ring-breed ing, an d occurs in Euro pe alon g the coasts from Denma rk to Portugal and North Africa; it is at its north ern li mit in Englan d .

Map 108 Bembidi on la mp r os (H erbst, 1784)

This is the most frequently reco rded Bembielion species, found in open , sunn y sites, including arable fields , throughou t Britain and Ireland . Blue forms occur, but have not been named (in contrast to those of B. p n9p era ns) . It is a w ingdimorphic, spring breeder that is common thro ugho ut Euro pe into Asia. Th e se paration of th is sp ecies from the more local B. p rop era ns is discu ssed by Luff (19816) .

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Maps and species accounts

Map 109 Bembi di on la ter ale ( Sam ouell e, 18 19) N at ionally Scarce (B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) A chara cte ristic sp ecies found exclusively in tidal

saltmarsh es, it occu rrs locally in su itab le habitat all ro und th e coast of Britain , and pro bably also in Irelan d , although no rece nt Irish records have been rece ived . It is often p lace d in the se parate ge nus Cillen us. B . la te ra le is active by day , h id ing in cracks in the mu d w he n no t active, and at high tide . It is n ormally brac hypterous, although w inged examp les have been reco rded in Europ e . Its Euro pean d istribution extend s from De nma rk so uth and w est alo ng the coasts of north -west Eu rop e to North Africa . Britain rep rese nts the north ern limit of its distribution .

Map 110 •

Bembid ion Utorale ( Olivier , 179 0)

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Nat ionally Scarce (B) Hyrnan and Parsons ( 1992)

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Maps and species accounts

••

This sp ecies, with B . a rg en teolu m , used to be referred to the genus B racteon , now the subgenus a tysob racteon of B em bid ion . It is a north ern and western species in Britain , recorded in a band from So merset and south Wales no rthwards , with localised centre s of distribution in northern Englan d and Scotlan d . It is not fou nd in Ireland . It can be fou nd du ring the day runn ing on san d banks and fme shingle beds on river and stream margins , and rare ly by standing w ater. B . litorale is a summer breeder, and fl ies readily It occu rs throug hou t Europe.

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Bembidion lunatum ( Du ft sch m icl, 18 12) Nat ionally Scarce (B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) A species with a wide bu t rather localised

d istribution, o ccurring on river banks often near the coast, or by lowland streams and rivers. It is commo nest in the Severn and Humbe r bas ins . The re is a single rece nt Irish reco rd fro m Co . Derry (Speigh t et a l. 1982) and an old record from no rth-west Scotland (Fow ler & Do nisthorp e 1913). B . lu na tu rn is unusual among Bem b id ion species in that it b reeds in the autumn , overwinte ring as larvae . Its range extends through ce ntral and easte rn Europe into Asia. 0

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Map 112 Bembidion lunula tum (Fo u rc roy , 17 85)

This southern (rather tha n south-easte rn) sp ecies was formerly know n as B . np a riu m (Olivier). Reachin g its limit in the extre me no rth of England , it is abse nt from Scotland , w ith on ly a single confirmed Irish record from near Dublin in 1976 (Speight et a l. 1982) . It occu rs on damp , partlyvegetated groun d near water and on the coast. B . lu n u latu m fl ies well, and spring swa rms have been observed on the coast, prior to breeding. It is predomin antly a central and southern European species, near its northern limit in Britain .

6ce--cul Maps and species accounts

Map 113 Bembidi on ma nner beft ni Sah lb en , 18 27

Th is is th e common B . un icolor Chaud . of Lind roth (1974) . It is a w ide ly distributed sp ecies in bo th Britain and Ireland , found in damp but not w et, sha ded situations such as w oods , upland grasslan d and moo rland , and so me bo gs. It is almost in variably wingless, and bree ds in the spring. The d istr ibution extends ove r mo st of Europe . •

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Map 114 0

Bembidion mor d-I :num Ste phe ns , 18 35

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Maps and species accounts

This is essentially a coastal and estuarine species, se ldom fou nd far inland , although there are old records from th e Th ames vall ey. O lde r records often refer to it as B . concin nurn. It is no t uncommon around th e English and Welsh coasts , but very localised in southe rn Scotlan d and Ireland . Its prefe rred habitat is mud , fine sand or gravel by movin g water. B . m a ritim u m is a sp ring bree der that flies readily . In Euro pe it is restricted to the coasts from Denma rk to weste rn France , and is at its northe rn lim it in south Scotland and no rth ern Ireland .

Map 115 Bembidi on minimum (Fabricius, 1792)

This sp ecies is common in coastal localities throug ho ut most of Britain (occas iona lly o ccurring inland) , be coming scarcer in the north . Only a single rec ord from North ern Ireland has bee n rece ived , although Johnso n and Halbe rt (1902) in dicate that it was probably widesprea d in Ireland in the last centur y. B . m in im u m lives in mo ist situations such as saltmarshes , and u nder tida l debris. It is diurnal, spring/ summer-bree din g and macropterous . The distribution exten ds along mo st Euro pean coasts .

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Map 116

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Bembid ion monticola Stur m, 1825 .•0 Nat ionally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) • 8

This spe cies inhabits river gravel, being commonest in northern England , but with scattered records in south ern England and south Wales . It app ears to be very local in Scotlan d and Irelan d . B . m on ticola is a winged sp ring breeder, with a cen tral and south eastern European distribution.

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Maps and species accounts

M ap 117 Be m b id io n nig r ico r ne Gy l en b al , 18 27

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N at ionally Scarce (B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is sp ecies has a scattered distribution , bein g comm o nest on the No rth York Moo rs, bu t re cord ed from no rth/ central Scotland south to Hampsh ire and Do rset. It lives o n dr y, sandy heaths and mo ors , w h ere it is inva riab ly asso ciate d w ith heather (t a llu n a) . It p rob ably does not occur in Ire lan d (Spe igh t et al. 1982) . Th e sp ecies is w ing-d imorp hic, and pro bab ly a sp ring b reeder. It exte nds east in a rather narrow latitud ina l ban d from Britain thr ough Scand in avia to th e Baltic cou ntrie s.

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Bemb id io n nig r op ic eu m (Marsham, 1802) Nat ionally Scarce (A ) Hyrnan and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

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Maps and species accounts

Th is local spe cies , p ut in th e genus Lim na eu rn by Joy (1932), is confine d to stony or sandy coastal localities in southern England, w ith a single recent record from south Wales. Is is absent from Ireland . Little is known of its ecology; it is probab ly w ingless, and occurs spora dically on both sides of the English Chan nel, and in the Mediterranean.

Map 119

4 0

Be mbidi o n niti d ul um (Mars han t, 180 2)

This spe cies, referred to as B . delet u m AudinetServill e by Hanse n (1996), is a common and widespread species in England and Wales , bu t app are ntly more local in Ireland and Scotland . It is found in damp , rather shaded situations , often in wo odland, usually near trickling w ater. As w ith mo st B em bid ion, it is w inged and springbreedin g . The Europ ean distribution extends south to the Mediterrane an.

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Map 120 Be mb id io n no n na nn um Deje an, 18 3 1

Very similar in its habitat requireme nts to B . m in im u m , w ith w hich it can co-exist, this saltmarsh species has a more localised distribution , being found common ly on ly on th e east and south coasts of England , alth ough it extends no rth to th e Solw ay in the west. The re are re cords from both the east and west coasts of Ireland . The biology and continental distribution are similar to those of B . min im um.

Maps and species accounts

Map 12 1 Bemb id ion obli quu m Sturm , 18 25 Nat ionally Scarce (B) Hyman and Parsons(1992)

Th is local, predominantly ea stern species is re cord ed mo st frequ ently from England , esp ecially Yo rksh ire , extendin g south-westw ards as far as Devo n . It is not recorded from Scotlan d or Irelan d . It is fou nd at the edges of standing freshw ate r on acid so ils. It is w inged, springb ree d ing , and is fou nd throug ho ut easte rn Europ e , w ith the English po pulations bein g at the w este rn limit of its range .

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rt . •• Map 122 Bembidi on obtusu m Se r vi ne , 18 2 1

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Maps and species accounts

This spe cies is common in the south and east, becoming rare r in the north and w est. It is very local in Scotland , Wales and Irelan d . It occurs on open soil in dry situations, especially cultivated grou nd . B . obtusu m is w in g-dimorp hic, and is active during mild spells in the winter and early spring, when it breeds before mo st other B etnbid ion species. It has a prima rily central European distribu tion .

Map 123 Be mb id io n oc t o nta culat um (Goeze, 177 7) RD B A p p e n d ix Shirt ( 1987) ' e x t in c t ' Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is species (o nce kn own as B . stu rm i (Panzer)), which inhabits the margins of stan ding freshwater, was until recently presume d extin ct in Britain (Hyma n & Parso ns 1992). It was su bse quently red iscovered be side a rese rvoir in East Sliscex (Jo nes 1992) and has now also been reco rded from East Anglia (where it was recorded from Wicken Fen in 1926) , and West Kent (Ho dge 1997) within fl igh t ran ge of its main Sussex locality The re are p re-1900 re cords from Sur rey, the Isle of Wight and West Susse x , discussed in Jones ( 1992). It does no t occur in Ireland . B . octotnaculatu m is winged , sp ring-bree ding, and occurs throughout most of continenta l Europe, but is almost at its northe rn lim it in England , extending slightly furth er north only in the Baltic countries. It is likely th at the present English p opulations are th e result of recent immigration .

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Map 124 Be m bid io n p a tlid ip enne ( Ei ger, 18 0 2) N at io nally Sc arce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This spe cies is mostly coastal, occurring on ba re san d by freshwater springs or fl ushes, but also inland on the edges of lakes and gravel pits. It is found locally throug hout Britain, and p rob ably also th rou ghout Ireland . B . p a llidip en ne is macrop terous, and occurs from Sp ain north to southern Scandinavia .

Maps and species accounts

Ma p 125

Beinb i d io np r a s i nu m (Du ftsc h m id , 18 12)

This is a northern and western species in Britain , w hich is fou nd in fi ne shingle at th e edg es of stre ams and rive rs, usu ally in th e u plan ds . It is quite w ide ly d istribute d , bu t rather local. It is no t found in Ireland . B . p ra sin u m fl ies read ily, breeds in the sp ring, and has a bo reo-mo ntane distribu tion in Europ e , being w idespread in the north , but restricte d to mounta ins in th e south .

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Maps and species accounts

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Be mb id i on p r op e ra ns (Steph ens , 1828)

In contrast to the related B . la mp ros, this sp ecies (formerly kn ow n as B . ve lox by British authors) is almost confine d to England and Wales, w ith a single Scottish record from Dund ee. It is absen t from Ireland . Lik e B . la mp ros, it occurs in op en, sunny situations . It has several named blue varieties w hich can occur w ith the usual, bronz e form . Luff (19816) details feature s separatin g p rop era ns and la mp ros. B . p rop era ns is a wingdimorp hic sp ring breeder, fou nd throu ghout Europe except the far south and north .

Map 127 Be m bi di o n p a nd a /a lu m Drap ie z, 18 2 1

This is a no rthern and western species in Britain and Ireland , found on Fme shingle ne ar rivers and stream s It is active in th e day, and fully w inged . B . p u nc tu latu m is a sp rin g breeder, occurring through ou t Euro pe .

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Map 128 Be m b id io n qu a d r ima cula t u m ( Lin n ae u s , 1761)

This is a very common spe cies in mo st of Eng land , becoming more local in the west and no rth , and limited to so uthern , often coastal localities in Scotlan d . It is not know n from Ireland . B . q ua d ri tna cu latu m is found on open, dry soils, including amble fi elds , where it may be the do minant species . There has been some confusion amo ng the names of this subgenus (B em bid ion s .str ., also know n as Lop ha Steph .); th e present spe cies is the B . q ua d rig u tta tu m (Fabricius, n ec Olivier) of early works. The species is a macropterous spring breeder, found throughou t Europe except the far north .

Maps and species accounts

M ap 129 Bembidi on quad r ip u stuk num Ser vil e, 18 21 N at ionally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This local species has a south-e aste rly distribution , and few recent records . It is abse nt from the extreme north of England , as well as from Scotlan d and Ireland . It lives o n damp , bare san d or mud at ma rgins of stan ding and run ning w ater. This species is the B . q ua d n g u n a tu m (Olivier, nec Fabricius) of early wo rks . B . q ua d np u stu la tu m is w inged , spring-breeding, and has a sou the rn European distribution , w ith its no rthe rn limit in England .

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M ap 130 Bembidi on quinquestr imum Gyll enhal, 1810

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Maps and species account s

Th is species has a widely scattered distribution in Britain. The only two Irish reco rds rece ived are from the extreme north -east of the coun try, but it is thought that the species may nevertheless be w idesp read there It is usually associated w ith man, occurring in cellars, and on walls at nigh t. The spe cies is w inge d ; it prob ably bree ds in the autumn/ winter, as most adults are record ed in the autumn, and adu lt activity is know n very early in the spring. It has a central Europ ean distribu tion .

M ap 13 1 Be ntb id io n s a x a ti le Gyll enhal, 1827 Nationally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992)

This species, wh ich has both sp otted and da rk forms , occurs locally on sand and gravel by w ate r, oft en at the base of cliff s on the coast where it may occur in similar places to B . a nd rea e. There are only a few records from northe rn Scotland and Irelan d , showing a weste rly bias . B . sax a tde is a w inged , spring bree der, with a no rthern and easte rn European distribu tion .

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Map 132

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Be mb icli o n s cb u ep p eli Dejean , 1831

Nat ionally Scarce (A ) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This sp ecies is almost restri cted to the cou nties around the border o f England and Scotland, where it is found on w ell-vegetate d sand and fme grave l at the edge o f stre ams and rivers (see Reid & Eyre 1985). Most recent records are from th e more easte rly part o f its range . B . sch u epp eli is wing-d imorp hic, bu t probably usu ally brachyp te rous in Britain . It is abse nt from Ireland . B . sch u epp eli is ma in ly spring-bree ding, and has a discontinu ous boreo-mon tane distribu tion in Europe , being fou nd in Scan dinavia, the Pyrenees and the Alps.

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Maps and sp e cies acc o unt s

Map 133 B e m b id io n s e tn ip u nc ta t u m Do n o van , 18 06 N at io nally Sc a rce (A) Hyman and Pars ons ( 1992)

Formerly known as B . ad ustu m Schaum , this is a very local sp ecies w hose mo dem distribution is cen tred on the Severn and south ern Welsh borde r co unties, but w hich is also record ed from the Suff olk coast and East Anglia. Pre -1900 records give a distribu tion exte nd ing to Durham in the north and Glamo rgan in the w est. It does not o ccu r in Ireland . The usu al habitat is fin e sand on rive r ma rgins . It is a w inged , sp ring-breed ing sp ecies , fou nd in central and southern Europe as far as th e Mediterranean region .

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Map 134 Bentb td i o n s tep b e ns i Cro tch , 18 7 1

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Maps and species acco unts

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This is a scattered but w idesp read sp ecies (formerly called B . aff irm Step hens) , foun d throughout most of Brita in and Ireland except the extreme north of Scotland . It occurs on bare clayish soil near water, both on the coast and by rivers inland . B . step hensi fl ies readily, and bree ds in the sp ring . It is a cen tral European species, at its northern limit in Scotland .

Map 135 Betnbid i on stontoi des D ejean , 18 31 Nationally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is sp ec ies is referre d to as B. atroviolaceum in so me w o rks an d o n th e Scheme reco rd ing card . It is alm ost entire ly restricted to no rth ern Englan d , w here it is fou nd at th e stony marg in s o f rive rs, althou gh th ere are scatte red ad ditio nal rec o rds from so u th-w es t Englan d , Wales an d so uth ern Sco tlan d . It is no t re co rd ed fro m Ire lan d . It is a w ing ed , sp rin g b reed er, w ith a mo ntan e d is trib u tio n in ce n tral Eu rop e fro m the Pyrenees eastwards thro u gh th e Alp s to th e Black Se a.

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Map 136 Bembid ion testaceum ( Duf tsch m id, 18 12) Nat ionally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P (1995)

This sp ecies is ve ry loc al an d se ldo m re co rd ed . Of the fou r 10 km squ are s for wh ich rece nt reco rds have be en receive d , two are in north ern En glan d , o ne in sou th Wale s an d on e in the Welsh b o rd ers . Th ere are o ld reco rd s from East Ang lia (Fow ler & Do n isth orp e 1913) an d sou th-west Scotland (Fow ler 1887) , altho ugh no Sco ttish rec ords have been rece ived . It is not o n the Irish list . It lives o n fine sand an d grave l by slow -running o r stand ing w ater. It is a macrop tero us, sp ring bree der, w h ose range ex te nd s so u th and east throu gh ce n tral Euro pe to the eastern Med iterranean . England and Wales re p rese nt th e no rth ern an d w este rn lim its of its d is tribution , resp ectively .

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Maps and species accounts

Map 137 Be tnb id io n tet r a c o la m Say , 18 2 3 •

Th is is one of the co mmonest sp ecies of B em b id ion , fou nd w idely througho ut all th e areas cove red by th is Atlas and in Irelan d . It occurs on all typ es of open , n ot too d ry so ils, includ ing arab le lan d , as well as near low land stre ams and rive rs and by coastal fl u shes . In earlier works it w as called B . ustu la tu rn or B . littora le, w hich has led to erroneou s reco rds of B . lite ra te (0 0 . B . tetra co lu m is a sp ring breeder, like mo st B em b id ion , but is w ing-dimorph ic ; most individuals are brachypterou s, so tha t fl igh t is very unusual, desp ite th e sp ecies' w id e distrib ution . It is fou nd thro ug ho ut Europe and has be en introd uced into North America.

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Map 138 Be mb id io n UHa le (Duf tsc hm id, 18 12)

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Maps and species acco unts

B . t ibia le is the commonest of a closely related group (subgenus Bernbid ion etolitsky a) of mainly upland shingle- and gravel-inh abiting Bem b id ion species . It is fou nd locally by rivers thro ugho ut Britain and Irelan d , although it is commone r in the no rth and w est. It is a spring-b reeding sp ecies which fl ies readily It occurs in montane areas throughout most of central Europ e , althoug h , surpris ingly , it is extremely rare in Scand inavia .

Map 139 Be m b id io n va r fu m (Olivier, 179 5)

This spe cies is quite widespread in England and Wales, with only occasio nal reco rds from Ireland and sou thern Scotland. Records are mo st frequent from th e sa lunarshes of south-eas t Englan d , from Essex to Suff olk , bu t it also occurs freq uently inlan d. It is fou nd on partly bare grou nd near water. Like its close relatives , the sp ecies fl ies readily, and is a spring breed er. It exte nds throughou t much of Euro pe exce pt the extre me no rth , to the Mediterranean, North Africa and the Mid dle East.

Map 140 Be m b id io n Wr e ns Gyl le n ba l, 18 27 RDB I Shirt ( 1987) RDB3 Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

B . virens occurs in only a limited nu mbe r of sites in

the centra l and western Highlands of Scotland . For a long time it w as know n o nly from the shore of Loch Maree, until recorded in Easter Ross by Ow en (1984) and more rece ntly at the southern bounda ry of Westerness . It does no t occur in Ireland . It is foun d in shingle by lakes an d estuaries , and may have bee n ove rlooked in the past because of its similarity to the clo se ly related B . p rasin u tn. The life cycle is prob ably similar to tha t of B .p ra sin u m. B . virens has a bo rea l distribution, occurring only in the northern mo st European countries, east into Russia.

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Maps and species accounts

Map 14 1 Ta c by s bis t r ia t us D u ft sc h m id , 18 12

N at ionally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This is a local sp ecies, appare ntly now restricted to the so u th of Eng land and commonest along the so u th coast. There is a single recent record from East Anglia, w ith older records exten ding nor th to Yo rksh ire and into so uth Wales . N o me mb ers o f th e genus occur in Irelan d . T. bistria tus lives in da mp sa nd or clay by fresh wate r. It is winge d , p ro bably spring-b reeding , and has a south ern an d ce n tral Europ ean d istribution .

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Map 142 Ta c by s ed mo ncts i Mo o re , 19 56 RD B3(5) Shirt ( 1987) RD B3 Endemic Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

This is the only endemic British carab id beetle, described (as T.p iceus Edmonds) from Sp h ag n u m bogs in the New Forest , Hamp shire (Edmo nds 1934), b ut renamed by Moo re (1956) who also provides distinguishing feature s from T. bis tria tus. There are no recent records, the last possibly being by A M Massee in 1936. T ed m ontisi is w ingdimorphic . The bree din g cycle is not know n .

Ma ps and species account s

Map 143 Tacby s m icros (Fisch er von W al d h e irn, 1828) RDB3 Shirt ( 1987) N at io nal ly Sca r c e (A ) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

BAP ( 1995)

T. m ic ros is restricted to areas of damp sand at the base of coas tal cliffs along the south coast of England from Dorset to Sussex , except for a sing le recent We lsh record from the so uth coast of the Lleyn Penins ula. Th is is a spring-bree ding species , apparently winged in Eng land , although in France the ma les are w ingless (Jeann el 1941). It is a southe rn European spe cies also foun d in North Africa.

Map 144 Tacby sp arvulus (D ejean ,1831) RDB3 Shirt ( 1987) Na t io na lly Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992)

Popu lations of this species are quite widely dispersed in sou the rn England , the spe cies also being reco rded from south Lancashire and more recently from Wales , leading to the suggestion that the sp ecies may be spreading. T. p a rvu lus has been found in sandy and gravell y soils, in old walls and cracked paths, seeming often to be asso ciated with hu man habitation (Welch 1992). Records from no rth -west England are of a larger and more spotted form . T.p a rvu lus is winged , spring-bree ding , and primarily a western and sou thern European species .

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Map s a nd s pe cies a cco unt s

Map 145 Tacby s scutell ar is Step h en s, 18 28 RD B3 Shirt ( 1987) N at ionally Scarce (A ) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This is a coastal sp ecies associa ted with sa ltmarshes or b rackish water. It is fou nd locally from Norfolk to no rth Devon in muddy substrates. Hyman and Parso ns (1992) indicate an old record from North Lin colnshire, but no details are available . T. sc u tella ris is pro bably a summe r bree der, and occurs aroun d the coasts of weste rn and southern Euro p e, including the Mediterran ean .

Map 146 Tacby s walkeria nus Sh ar p , 19 13 RD B I Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This sp ecies, for which there are only three p ost1970 records , was know n on ly from the New Forest region (Hampsh ire) and Surrey, until a recent urban occurrence was recorded by Williams (1997). The re are subfossil records from Somerset (Duff 1993) . Like T. ed m on d si, it lives in wet Sp hag n u m . T. wa lken a n us is otherwise known on ly from a few localities in France and the Czech Repu blic, and its life cycle is not know n .

Maps a nd spe cies accounts

Map 147 Pogonus c b a k e us (Marsham , 180 2)

This is the commonest species of its genu s, all of w hich inh abit littoral enviro nme nts. It occurs commo nly in sakmarshes in Eng land , Wales , south Scotlan d and at least the ea st of Ireland , being found un der litter and vegetation at the edge of the w ater. P. ch a lceus is w inge d , and breeds in the spring and summ er; it extends from Denmark alo ng most of the coasts of southe rn and western Europe , and is at its northern limit in Britain .

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Map 148 P og onus M or el ia ( Ltuf tsch m id, 1812) Nationally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

P . littora lis (o ft e n a ils -s p e ft litora lis) occupies a similar habitat to P. ch a lceus, but is more restricted

geog raphically, be ing found in coastal habitats , pan icularly saltmarshes, from Linco lnshire to south Wales. It is on the Irish list, bu t no reco rds have been received. Its Eu ro p e a n distribution is similar to that of P. ch a lceu s.

Maps and species accounts

Map 14 9 P og o nu s tu r id ip ennis (Ge rm a r, 182 2)

RD B3 Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is, the rare st of the three British sp ecies of Pogo n a s, o ccurs locally in coasta l habitats, p articu larly saltmars hes, from Lin colnshire to the Seve rn estuary, where it also occu rs on tidal reaches in lan d . It is o ft en fou nd alongside other species of th e gen us, but do es not occu r in Ireland . P . lu rid ip e n n is is w inge d , spring-b reedin g, and has a scattered distribution at bo th coastal and inland sa lin e sites thro ugho ut central and southe rn Europ e .

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Map 1SO St o ntt s p um ic a t us (Panz er, 17 9 5)

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Maps and species accounts

S . p u m ica tus is a widespread species, commonest in sou th and east England , bu t occurring locally in Wales , Scotland (except the extreme no rth -west) and Ireland. It is found in damp , sha ded habitats such as woodland , unma naged grasslan ds , and also in rivers ide vegetation . It is w ingless, p robably spring-breed ing and exte nds thro ughou t Europe excep t th e extre me no rth .

Map 1.5 1

P te r o s t ic b us gu i s t r ic tus Esc hs ch o ltz , 18 23

Th is is a northe rn montan e species formerly know n as P. virreu s (Dejean) , fou nd from the Welsh moun tains to the Scottish Highlan ds . The re are a few Irish reco rds It usua lly occu rs on relatively well-draining heaths and moors. P . a dut ictus is winged and can fl y, sometimes turn ing up in more lowland localities. It is a spring/ summer bree der, with a bo real, circumpolar distribu tion across northern Europe , Iceland and North America. •

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Map 152 P te r o s t ic b us a etb iop s (Panze r, 1796) N at ionally Scar ce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This is a montane sp ecies, occurring from the moors of south-west England to the south ern Highlands of Scotland . It prefers da mp, shaded habitats, such as woodland . Alth ough not on the Irish lists of Speight et a t (1982) and Anderson et al. (1997), one Irish reco rd has been received from ne ar Dungarvan , Wate rford ; it has also been found recently on the Isle of Man (Luff 1989) . P . a eth iop s is prob ably a summer breeder, with w inter larvae, and cannot fly. On the Continent it is a no rthern and eastern forest species.

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Maps and species accounts

Map 153 P t e r o s t icb u s a ng u s t a t us ( D u ft sch m id, 18 12) Nat ionally Scarce (8 ) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is sp ecies is be lieve d to have been in troduced to Britain near the beginning of this centur y. Early records are cen tred on two regions , around Lond on and in sou th Yorkshire , but the sp ecies now o ccurs through out easte rn England , and is spread ing into Wales and nor thw ards in Scotland . It is not know n from Ireland . It is said to be typ ically found o n burn t gro und , but rece nt records are often from unb um t heaths on san dy or peaty soils, woodlan ds or wetla nds . P . a ng usta tus is a spring breede r th at emerge s in the autumn , w hen a synchronised disp ersal fl ight occurs . It is distributed througho ut central and easte rn Euro pe and is kn ow n to be extend ing its range in Scand inavia , where Lindroth (1985- 86) refers to it as P . qu a d nf oveo la tus Letzn er.

Map 154 P te ro s t icb u s a nt b r a c i nu s ( Panze r , 179 5) Nat ionally Scarce (8) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Maps and sp e cies acco un t s

This species is found locally in England , south Wales and Ireland in damp , shaded habitats such as wellvegetated marshes with a good litt er layer, the margins of pon ds , gravel pits and rivers, and in fens and carrs. The re is a single reco rd from sou th-west Scotland, wh ere it was previously recorded by Moore (1957b) . P . a n th rac in us bree ds in the sp ring/ summer an d is w ing-dimorphic. Its range extend s through central and eastern Euro pe.

Map 155

P te r o n ic b us a t e r r imu s (Herb s t, 1784 ) RD B I Shirt ( 1987), Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1495)

This species was once known in Englan d o nly from the fens of East Anglia, Cambridgeshire and Huntingdo nshire, where it has no t been reco rded since 1910. Th e only rece nt Britis h occurren ce was in Hampshire , where it could be foun d in a Sp b ag n u m bog from 1969 to 1973 (App leto n 1970) . There are two recent an d w ide ly se parated Irish localities (MacKechn ie Jarvis 1972; Speight et a t 1982). It has since occurred in fi ve sites in Armagh and Co . Down in 1997. It occurs at the edge of acid lakes and ponds . P . a terrim us is winged , spring-breed ing, and has a wide Europ ean distribution from Spain to Russia . The re are subfossil reco rds from Somerset (Duff 1993).

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Map 156 a

P te r o s tic b u s cr is ta tus (D u fo u r, 18 20) N a t io na lly Sca r ce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

The distribution of this species is mainly centred on no rth-east England , with a second centre in the no rth-west, extending south to Lancashire and no rth to the Scottish Highlands. It does no t occur in Ireland . It is fou nd in wood land, usua lly where there is mo derate leaf litter , and in gardens . P. crista tus is a flightless, autumn breeder. In Euro pe it occurs in a narrow longitudinal zone, sou th throu gh France and adjacen t countries to Italy. The British specimens are subsp ecies p a ru mp u n cta tus Germa r, and pro bably originate from an introduction in the last cen tury.

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Maps and species accounts

Map 15 7 P te r o s t i c b u s c up r e u s (Lin naeus , 1758)

This sp ecies is common in southe rn Britain, but mu ch m ore local in the north and in Ireland . It is foun d in open , mo derately dry and warm habitats such as sh ort grass and agricultural fi elds . Together w ith th e other me tallic-coloured British Pte rostich us sp ecies , it is oft en put in the separate ge nu s P oecilus. A black form (sometimes w ith red legs) also occurs (var aff in is (Sturm)) . P . cup reus is a macrop tero us , sp ring breeder, occurrin g throughout Europe ; in eastern Europ e, in p articular, it can be one of the dominant carabids of cultivated land . 0 00

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Map 158 P te r o s t ic b u s d ilig e ns (Stur m , 1824)

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Maps and species accounts

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This is a widespread and common inha bitant of w et , shaded habitats throughout Britain an d Ireland . In the uplands it occurs in grasslan d and heaths , whilst lower dow n it is foun d in marsh es. P. d iligens is usually brachyp terous bu t occasional winged spe cimens are fou nd . It is a sp ring bree der, common throughout central and northe rn Europe.

Map 159 P ter osticb u s g r acilis ( D e) ea n , 18 28) N at ionally Scar ce (B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

P . g racilis is a local but w idesp rea d sp ecies in

Englan d (exce pt the extreme north) , Wales and Ireland . Althoug h no rec ords have bee n received from Scotland , it is reputed to occur in the east Highlands (Fow ler 1887) , and in the south-e ast an d south -we st of the country (Hyman & Parsons 1992). Details of these records are now appare ntly lost. It is found in w et, well -vegetated habitats near water, usua lly on clay soils . P . g racilis is a w inged, spring breede r. It occurs over mo st of Europe except the extreme no rth .

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Map 160 P ter osti cb us k ugela nni ( Pan ze r , 17 97) RD B I Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

This rare spe cies , formerly kn ow n as P . di mith a tus (Olivier), is reco rded recently only from south Hampshire , alth ough the re are olde r records extending no rth to the English Midlands an d sou th Wales. It is not know n in Ireland . P . kugela n n i is foun d on sandy he aths and b anks, and sand pits. The species is w inged , and b reeds in the sp rin g. It has a southe rn and weste rn Europ ean range.

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Maps and species accounts

Map 16 1 P t e r o s t ic b us lep id u s ( Le s k e , 17 8 5) N at io na lly Sc arc e (B) Hyman and Parsons (1992)

Th is is a species typ ical o f dry, exposed heaths w ith Ca llu n a . It has a discontinuou s distribution, being record ed frequently only from the southern heaths from Dorset to Surrey , and the North York Moo rs. Th ere are othe r record s from scattered British loc alities, but no ne from Ireland . P . lep iclus is p rim arily a summer/ autumn bree der, with ove rwinterin g larvae ; how ever, a p ropo rtion of adu lts also ove rwinter, breeding the follow ing sp ring . It is wing-d im orp hic, but fl ight seldom , if eve r, oc curs. It is found thro ugho ut Europ e except the far so uth and west. ao

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Map 162 P ter o s t ic b us lo ng ic a l is ( D uf tsc h m id, 18 12) Nat ionally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

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Ma ps a nd sp e cies acco un ts

This local, southern spe cies exten ds no rthw ards only as far as Newark , Nottinghamshire and Sp urn Head, Yorkshire , althoug h Hyman and Parsons (1992) also mention a record from no rth Wales . It has not been recorded from Scotlan d or Irelan d . P. long icollis lives on bare gro und near freshwater, often on limesto ne or chalk. In earlier works it was known as P . ina eq ua lis (Marsharn) . P . long icollis is a macropterou s, sp ring b reed er, found in a rath er limited region of central Europe from Fra n ce to the Balk ans. Britain is at the northe rnmost limit of its rarige .

Map 163 P ter osti cbus rna cer ( Ma rs ha m , 18 02)

This species (th e P . p icim a nus of ear lier autho rs) is common est in the east of Englan d , be coming more local in the north and west (including Wales), where it is on ly foun d near the coast. It w as de lete d from the Irish list by Spe ight et a l. (1982) . It usu ally occurs on clay, in hab itats ranging from coastal saltmarshes to open grass land , sheltering by day in cracks in the so il. P . ma ce r is a w inged , sp ring breeder, found throughout easte rn and central Europ e. Britain is ne ar the western limit of its range .

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Map 164 P te r osticb us ma gl id us (Fabriclus , 17 7 5)

P. m a d id us is the most frequently recorded of all the Carab idae in this Atlas. It occurs throu ghou t Brita in, becoming less common in northe rn Scotlan d , with no records at all from Orkn ey or Shetlan d . The re are surprisingly few Irish records . It o ccu rs in almost all habitats, but is esp ecially abundant in woo dland and gardens , and in grassland on d ry substrates. It is a w ingless, •autumn -breeding species, some adults ove rwintering to breed again in the following spring/ summe r (Luff 1973). At higher altitudes all adults ove rwinter before breedin g, so that the life cycle is bienn ial. The species exists in two forms , one with the legs all black, the othe r with legs red basally (form con cin n us Sturm). The b lack form is commo ner where the climate is mo re contin enta l, and the red where it is more atlantic (Terrell-Nield 1990) , but the mechanism of leg colour dete rmination is unknow n. In Europe, P . m a d id us has a d istinctly weste rn range, and is scarce or abse nt in central and eastern countries.

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Maps and species accounts

Map 165 P t e r o s tic b u s nw la na r tus ( il l ig e r , 17 9 8 )

Th is is a widesp read and common spe cies th ro ughout Britain and Ireland , sometimes re ferred to as P . vu lg a ris. It prefers mo re open h abitats than P . m a d id us, and is commoner in n on-basic grasslands and cultivated fields , w here it can often be the dom inant sp ecies (Luff 1987) . Its life cycle is similar to that of P . ma d id us. Winged ind ividu als do occu r, but only ve ry rare ly. P . m ela na riu s is fou nd throug ho ut Euro pe except the far south .

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Maps and species accounts

This is a marsh sp ecies fou nd in vegetated sites near standin g water thro ug hout most of Britain and Ireland , except the no rth of Scotland . P . m in or is wing-polymorphic, and it is no t kn ow n how ofte n fl ight o ccurs in the region . Breeding takes p lace in the sp ring/ summer. The sp ecies occurs through out most of Euro pe excep t the far sou th-west.

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Map 167 P te r o s ti c b us nig e r (Sch aller , 17 8 3)

This sp ecies is commo n throughout Britain, with most Irish reco rds co ming from the north-east of th e country. It is fou nd in wo od land and damp grasslan d, and o n upland moors . It is particularly abundant in th e Hebrides, Orkn ey and Shetland , compared with the oth er two large, common species, P . ma d iclus and P. mela na rius. P. n ig er is macro ptero us , although it pro bably does no t fl y (d en Boer 1977). It is an autumn bree de r, whose range extends over most of Euro pe .

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Map 168 P te r o s tic b us nig r ita agg .

As exp lained in the introdu ction , the sibling species n ig rita (Paykull 1790) and rha et icus Heer 1837 (see Luff 1990) are mappe d as one . Available information on the two comp onent spe cies suggests that bo th are w idespread in the British Isles and probably also Ireland . P. n ig rita se nsu stricto inha bits wet, we ll-vegetated marshes , river banks and damp woodland , whereas P . rhaet icu s is usu ally found in mo re open habitats, especially upland grassland and moorland . However, both species frequently co-exist. In Ireland , a form of n ig rita with yellow femo ra ( ruf tf em oratus Step hens) occurs (d iscu ssed by Anderson 1993) , and is prob ably w idespread . P . rhaeticus has bee n recorded from Teal Lough , Co . Deny (Lott & Meharg 1989). As far as is kn own , both species are spring breeders, and can fl y . The n ig rita comp lex is widespread in Euro pe , with a third sibling species in Russia (Koch 1986).

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Maps and species accounts

Map 169 Pter osticbus oblong op uncta tus (Fabr icius, 1787) •

N at ionally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This sp ecies inhabits woodland and forests, occurring over much of Britain . It h as also been recorded from Ireland . Its distribution is rath er patchy, w ith four or fi ve ap p arent centre s of distrib ution , and it is very local in Ire land . It generally sh ow s a preference for rath er o p en w oo ds on dr y so ils. P . oblong op u n cta tus is a w inge d , sp ring bree der, that is foun d ove r most of Euro pe .

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Map 170 Pter osti cbus str enuus ( Panzer , 1796)

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Maps and species accounts

P . stren u us is a common and w ide spread species , 1 r •

found in most habitats w hich are no t too dr y, including lowland grassland, gard ens and wo od s . It is pro bably widespre ad in Ireland . On no rthern hills it is usually replaced by P. d ilig en s (see Rushton , Luff & Eyre 1991 for habitat cha racteristics of this and related species) . P. strenu u s is a win gdimorphic, spring breede r, occurring through out most of Eu ro pe .

Map 17 1 P te r o s ttc b u s v e r na ll y (Panze r, 1795)

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This species, referred to as P. crena tu s (Duftschmid) by Hansen (1996) , is common and w idesp read in bo th Britain (exce pt the northern half of Scotland) and Ireland . It is a typ ical sp ecies of damp gra ssland with so me litter, oft en near water, bu t it is less hygrophilou s tha n P . minor or P. d iligen s, an d, un like the latter species , do es not occur at high altitudes (Rushton et a l. 199 1). This species is a win g-d im orphic , spring breeder . It is found throu ghout Europe excep t the far nor th , extending south to North Africa.

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Map 172 P te r o s ti c b u s v e r s ic o lo r (Sturm , 1824)

Although generally distribute d in both Britain and Irelan d, this species is especially common in the w etter, w estern areas . It is fou nd in op en habitats such as grassland (including up land moors) and amble lan d, especially if either near water or w ith high rain fall. It is oft en know n as P. ca etu lesce ns (mis-spelt coeru lescens in Jo y 1932) . The sp ecies is day-active, and bree ds in the spring/ summer. The w ings are well develop ed , bu t p robably not fun ctional. It occurs throu ghout Euro p e.

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Maps and species accounts

Map 173 Abax p ar ail d ep ip edus (Piller & Mitterp acher, 1783)

Th is sp ecies, often referred to as A . ater (Villers) , is common and widesprea d througho ut Britain and Ireland , altho ugh records show a westerly bias in the no rth of Scotland . It is fou nd in w oo ds an d also , in the north and west, on open moorland with long vege tation . It preys u pon soft-bod ied inve rtebrates such as slugs and earthw orms. Both sprin g- and summer-b reeding ind ividuals occur within the same popu lation . A w in gless sp ecies, A .p arallelep pedus is found thro ughout central an d south ern Europe, being at the northern limit of its range in Britain .

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Map 174 Ca lotbu s ambig u u s (Pay k ul l , 1790 N at ionally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

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Maps and species accounts

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This is a local species in Englan d and Wales, formerly known as C.f uscus Fabricius . It is know n in Scotlan d only from th e Western Isles, w here it was last reco rded on Barra in 1936 and not confirme d (Watersto n et al: 19 8 1) . It has not be en fou nd in Ireland . It occurs in litt le-vegetate d san dy localities, both on the coast and in land in san d pits. C. a m btg u us is a w inged , autumn breeder, but so me adults also overwinter to breed again . It occurs throu ghout Europe exce pt the far north .

Map 175 Ca la t b u s c i nc t u s Motschulsk y, 18 50

Prev iously know n as the subspecies ety throderus Gau tier of C mollis Marsham , the status of this sp ec ies has bee n clarifi ed by Aukema (1990) and its occurren ce in Britain and Ireland is discusse d by Anderson and Luff (1994). C. cin ctus is more eas ily confuse d with C mela nocep ba lus than w ith C m ollis. It has been recorded from coastal sand dunes and lowland heaths as far no rth as sou th Scotland , and in the Isle of Man and Irelan d . It is likely that some , if no t mo st, of the records of C mela nocep halus from such localities may in fact refe r to C. cin ctus. The sp ecies is wing-d imorp hic , and autumn-breeding . It is know n from mo st parts o f Euro pe except the far north .

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Map 176 Ca la tb u s e r r a t u s (Sah lberg, 1827)

This species (sometimes know n as C fl avip es (Duft.)) is w idespread thro ughout Brita in . Only three Irish records have been received , most early reco rds th ere refe rring to C. m oth s. It lives in dry sand y localities, both on coastal dun es and inland on heaths. C. erratus is wing-d imorp hic, and b reeds in the autumn . It is fou nd throu ghou t Europe except the extreme south .

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Maps and species accounts

Map 177 Cala t b usf usd p es (Goeze, 1777)

A co mm on and w idesp rea d species throughou t Britain , but there are relatively few reco rds from Irelan d . It is fou nd in o pen habitats w ith welldra ining so il, in clu ding gardens , grassland and cultivated land . It was formerly know n as C. cisteloides (Pan zer) . Forms occu r with eithe r p ale or dark appendages; two b lack-legged sp ecime ns from Lincolnshire have lacked the outer row of elytral pu nctures, and key out to the lusitan ian sp ecies C. lu ctu osus Latreill e . How ever, the aedeagus of the ma le appears indistinguish able from th at of typ ical j uscip es and they are presu me d to b e aberrant examp les of that species . The sp ecies is brachypterous , autumn-b reeding , and o ccu rs over mo st of Europe except the far nor th . • •

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Ca la t b u s m e la no c ep b a l u s s s .

Maps I 78a & b

Calatbu s mela nocep balus (Linnaeus, 1758)

This is a widely distributed species in Britain and Ireland , although some records may in fact refe r to the recen tly recog nised C. cin ctus (see Aukema 1990; An derson & Luff 1994) . C melanocep ba lus is found in ope n habitats ranging from coasta l d un es and lowland heaths (where previous reco rds are most likely to refe r to C. cinctus) to upland grassland and moors. Upland specime ns may have a dark prono tum and appe nda ges, and are referred to the form nu bigena Haliday . C. mela nocep ba lus is usu ally brach ypterous, and is an autumn breeder, many in dividu als overwintering to breed again . It is found thro ughout Europe . Ca la t b u s nw la no c ep b a lu s ag g .

Maps and species accounts

Map 179 Cala tb us nticr op ten ts ( Duft sc h nil d, 18 12) A no rthe rn and possibly eastern sp ecies, althou gh

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there are a nu mb er of records from Wales . It is foun d in shaded , upland localities, such as coniferou s forests and dense Ca llu na . It is apparen tly very local in Ireland . C m icrop ten ts is wingless, bree ds main ly in aut umn , and is distribu ted througho ut no rthern , central and easte rn Europ e.

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Map 180 Ca la tbus motlis (Mars h am , 180 2)

This sp ecies is almost exclusively coastal, be ing fou nd commonly in sand dunes around the whole of Britain and Ireland . Although it is apparently occasio nally found in san d p its, some of th e inland records may in fact refe r to C. cin ct us (see Auke rna 1990 ; Anderso n & Luff 1994). The sp ecies is fully winged , and autumn-bree ding . Its ran ge extends throughout western Europe and arou nd the Mediterrane an .

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Maps and species accounts

Map 18 1 Cala tbusp i ceus (Marshall' , 18 0 2)

A w ide ly distribu ted sp ecies in Britain, and probably also in Irelan d , it is fou nd almo st exclusively in w o odla nd , but also so metimes on co astal dunes. It is referred to in some olde r lite rature, as well as by Lind ro th (1985- 86), as C. rotu n d icollis Dejean . It is a w in g-d imorphic, autumn bree der, foun d in the w est of Europ e, Britain being the northern limit of its range .

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Maps and species acco unts

This very large sp ecies w as prob ably an in troduction ; it is found exclusively in bu ildings, p articularly cellars and other da mp , dark locations, where it is believe d to prey on cellar beetles, Blap s sp p . (Tene brion idae). It is now w idely bu t extre me ly se ldo m recorded , there being old rec ords from Englan d no rth to Yorkshire , and south Wales . It is also on the Scottish and Irish li sts , bu t no records have been received from those cou ntries . Its occurrence in Ireland is 'high ly qu estionable but unresolved' (R. Nash, pers . comm .), but it is included on the recent Irish checklist (An derson et al. 1997) . leucop htba lm us is w inge d , altho ugh flight seems unlikely in th e reg ion o n account of its size . It is an autumn breeder, and , although it occurs th roughou t much of Euro p e excep t the extreme north , it has recently become scarce or extinct in most or all no rthern Euro pean coun tries.

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Map 183 La e mo s te nu s co mp la na tus ( D e je an , 18 28 )

In ea rlier literature, the genus l a e mosten us is some times included in Pristony cb us. L. co mp lana tus is an introduced spe cies, occurring mainly on the coast near major po rts in both Britain and Ireland , wh ere it is found in shore litter. The re are some inland records, although confusion with L. terricola is a po ssibility. L. co mp la na tus originates from Nort h Africa, but has been sp rea d by comme rce to po rts all ove r the world . It is w inged , and p robably breeds throughout the yea r when conditions become warm enough .

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Lae m o s t e nu s t er r ico la (H e rb st, 17 8 4) 880

This species is qu ite w idespread in Britain north to Orkn ey (Sadler 1993), and is also found in Irelan d . L. terric ola occurs in a variety of habitats , both indoors and in woo ds and ope n country, where it may be associated w ith the underground runs of small mammals and especially rabbits (Oty ctolag us cu n icu lus) . L. tetr icola is a wingless, autumn breeding species, occurring th roughout most of Euro pe except the far north .

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Maps and species accounts

Map 185 P la ty der us r uf tcolli s ( Ma rs h am , 18 0 2)

N at io nally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

P . n tf icollis is a so u th e rn an d e as te rn sp ecie s in Brita in , ex te nd ing n o rth w ards to no rth -eas t En g lan d , an d w ith a s ing le o ld ( 1924) Irish re co rd fro m ne ar Du blin (Sp e igh t et a L 1982) . It is fou n d o n d ry , sa n dy or ch a lky so ils, in o p en situatio ns . Th e sp e cies is p ro b ab ly w ing ed , an d au tumnb re ed ing . It o ccu rs o nly in th e mo re w este rn co u ntries o f Euro p e , w he re it is o ft en mon ta n e , Br itain re p rese n tin g its n o rth ern lim it.

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Sy nuchus nitwits (P an z e r, 17 97 ) Th is sp ec ies , desp ite its sp ecific name (w h ich sho uld , acco rdin g to Lind ro th ( 1985- 86) , b e viva lis (Illige r)) , is w ide sp read th ro ugho u t Brita in, an d pro b ab ly also Ire lan d . Th e gen eric name w as o rigina lly Tap h ria . It is fou n d in a w ide variet y o f o p en bu t no t too d ry hab itats , inc lud ing gard ens , grassland , ara ble land an d op en w oodlan d . S. n iva lis is usually w inged ; it b reed s in th e au tumn , an d has subte rranean w in ter larvae . It o ccurs th ro ugh o ut mo st o f Europ e .

Map 187 Oli st b op u s r o t und a t us (Paykull, 179 0)

Th is spe cies is w idesp read in Britain and Ireland , although most Irish reco rds are coastal. Earlier reco rds pu t the sp ecies in the genus Odon tony x The typical habitat is rath er dry heath with Ca llu na , but it is also fou nd in dry grasslan d and on dun es . 0 . rotu nd a tus is wing-dimorph ic (b ut usua lly winged) , and autumn-breeding . The Europ ean range is main ly western and so uthern .

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Map 188 Ag o nu m a ltrip es (Fabrici us , 17 96)

This extre mely common and w idesp read species is found at the margins of run ning water from stony up land streams and rivers to coasta l fl ushes. It also occurs at the edge s of lakes. Earlier works refer to this species as A . rufi corn e (Goeze) . The species is winged , and primarily a sp ring breeder, although some winter larvae also occur, p resumab ly from autumn eggs. Its range extends throughout Europe except the far north , into North Africa and As ia.

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Maps and species acco unts

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Map 189 Agonu m assimde (Payk ull , 179 0)

Th is is a w idespre ad species, mo re local in Scotlan d and p ossibly Ireland , that lives in w oodland habitats, often n ear water. It is commonly found overwinte ring un de r the bark of logs or dead trees. It is a sp ring bree der, cap able of fl ight, found th rough ou t Europe except the far so uth .

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Maps and species accounts

Ag onum dor sale (Po n to p p id an , 176 3)

This widespread species in England , Wales and Ireland is becoming more local and largely easte rn in the northern half of Scotlan d . It is foun d in dry, open hab itats such as grasslands , gardens and amble land, especially on ch alky so ils. In cereal fi elds it ove rwinters in fi eld margins (o ften in large agg regations) , and migrates in to the fi elds in th e sp ring, w here it is a use ful predator on ap hids (Coombes & Sothe rton 1986) . Much co ntinenta l work on this an d relate d sp ecies refers to th e genu s Platy n us Bo nelli (- A n ch om en us in Joy 1932). A . d orsa le is winged , and breeds in the spring . It is found throu ghout Europe except the far north , but is possibly extending its run e no rth wards .

Map 19 1 Ag o nu m er iceti ( Pa nze r , 18 09) Nat ional ly Sca rce (B) Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992)

This spe cies is extremely hygrophilous , bein g fou nd in both lowland and up land acid p eat bogs w ith Sp hagn u m. Rather surprisingly, it is not known from Ireland , but it occurs throughout Britain , althoug h it is extremely local in the south . There are subfossil specimens from Somerset, although it is not now foun d in that county (Duff 1993) . A . ert en is brachypterous , and bree ds in sp ring/ summer, when it can be found ru nning on bare , peaty ground in sunshine . It has a scattered distribution in northern and central Europe , and is known to be at risk from fragm entation of its we t heath habitats (de Vries & den Bo er 1990). 0

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Map 192 Ag o n u m f ulig i no s u m ( Pan zer , 18 09 )

Th is, the commonest sp ecies of the sub genu s Eu nap h ilus Chaud oir (so metimes given generic statu s) , is fou nd throu gh ou t bo th Britain and Irela nd . It occurs at the margins of freshw ater in b ogs, and especially in the north and w est, in o pen grasslan d and moors w ith high rainfall. Although A . f u lig in osu m is usually brachyp terou s, o ccasio nal w inged ind ividuals have be en fou nd in Brita in (Reid 1981) , and also Ireland. This means tha t brachyptery may not be use d as a specifi c chara cter, as in the key of Lindroth (1974) . It is a sp ring-b ree ding sp ecies, found thro ughou t nor thern Europe .

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Map 193 Ag o nu m g r a c ik Sturm, 1824

Th is sp ecies has a wide d istribution like that of the relate d A .f ulig in osu m , but occu rs more locally, except in Wales, the no rth of Englan d an d possibly Irelan d . It lives in Sp h ag n u m bo gs, on shaded ma rgins of freshwater lakes, an d in damp , acid up lan d grasslands . It is a w inge d, sp ring breeder, occurring throughou t no rth ern Eu ro p e .

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Map 194 Ag a nu m g r a c ilip es (Duft sch mid, 18 12) Nat io na lly Scarc e (A ) Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992 )

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Maps and species accounts

This is a migran t species , recorded from Britain only when fl ying individuals are blow n from the Continent. Its status as a British resident was reviewed by Nash (1983) . Most records are from the east coast, bu t it has also been foun d on the coast of Wales (Fowles & Boyce 1992) and on Ailsa Craig in south-w est Scotland (Crowson 1980). It was deleted from the Irish list b y Allen ( 1977) . A . g racilip es is a sp ring bree der, wh ich se ems to be decreasing in main land Eu ro p e , where it occurs in a central band east to Russia.

Map 195 Ag o n u m liv e ns (Gyllen h al, 18 10) N at ionally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This is a local, sou the rn and eastern species in En glan d , but the re are Irish records from Galway (Spe ight 1976a) an d Co . a are (And erso n 1997) . The record in Hyma n and Parsons (1992) fro m 'north-west England' is in fact from near Don caster, South Yorkshire . It is foun d in low land marshes, cans and damp woodla nd , and oft en hibe rnates under bark. There is a sub fossil record from Some rset (Duff 1993) . It is a winge d , sp ring bree der, occurring througho ut cen tral and eastern Euro pe .

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This beetle is widespread in much of England, sou th Wales and Ireland . In no rth Wales, northern England and Scotland it is more local, usually restricted to lowlands , often near the coast. It occurs in wet clay or sandy habitats w ith little vegetation, usually close to stand ing water. It is a fu ll-winged, spring breeder, and is found througho ut Europe (except the far no rth) , the Mediterranean region and north Africa.

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Maps a nd species accounts

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Map 197 Ag o nu m mi ca ns NIco la l, 18 22 A w ide ly distribu ted but local sp ecies in England

and Wale s, it is ap parently very local in Scotlan d and Irelan d . The preferre d hab itat is muddy edges of p on ds and lakes, also carrs and w interflo oded w oo ds . It is a w inged , sp ring breeder, th e adults hibernating under b ark . Its range extends across central, no rthern and eastern Euro pe .

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This species, wh ich inhabits well-vegetated marshe s and water margins , appears to be commo n at low altitudes throughout England , Wales and Ireland , and has also recently been found in western Scotland (Ribera , McCracke n & Luff 1996, who ove rlooked a known but unpublished record from eastern Scotland). The taxono my of the m oes tu m/ v id u u m group has recen tly been revised by Schmidt (1994), according to wh ich A . m oes tu m should be renamed A . d uf tsch m id i Schmid; this sp ecies is apparently not British and our A . m oes tu m is in fact A . af ru m (Duftschmid) . Early records of A . tno est u m may also refer to A , vid u u m . Th e sp ecies is winged , and breeds in the sp ring . Its range covers most of Europe exce pt the far no rt h .

Map 19 9 Ag o nu m m u e ller t (Herbs t, 1784)

This sp ecies (formerly A . p a ru mp u n cta tu m ) is found commonly throughout Britain and Ireland in many op en habitats that are neither too wet no r too dry, such as gardens, arab le fi elds if clayish , grasslan ds , eve n open woodlan d, and dunes near freshwater. Altho ugh A . m ue lleri is usuall y metallic-coloured , black in dividuals are sometimes found , and can be mistaken for A . sab lberg i (see Lind roth 1960 for a discus sion of th is species) or dark forms of A . eri ceti The consiste ntly pale first ante nnal se gment is a use ful distinguishing feature in such sp ecime ns . The species is active in th e sunshin e, fl ies quite readily, and breeds in the spring . It occurs throughout Europe south of the Arctic circle .

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A local sp ecies, forme rly know n as A . a tratu m and A . d a bli, it inh abits vege tation-rich marshes (includ ing saltrnarshes), and the edges of lakes an d oth er stand ing freshw ater. Most records are from the coasts of England and Wales from East Anglia to Cumbria and south -west Scotland , but th ere are scattered inland reco rds no rt h to Yorksh ire . It is on the Irish list, and was recorded from Clare Islan d by Jo hnson and Halbe rt (1912). A . nig ru m is a southand west-European sp ecies at its nor thern limit in Britain, whose range extends south around the Mediterrane an to the Middle East It is a macropterous , spring bre eder.

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Maps and species accounts

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Map 20 1 Ag o nu m o b s cu r u m (He rb s t, 17 8 4)

Th is sp ecies is w idely distribu ted in south-east Eng lan d , be coming more local northw ards, and , ap art from its occu rre nce on the Isle of Man , it is app arently restricte d to the area east of the Pe nn ine s no rth o f the Hu mb er— Mersey line . It is loc al but scattered in Wales and Ireland , and ab se nt from Scotlan d . This sp ecies inhabits da mp w oo dlan d and well-vegetated marshes , where th ere is a go od litter laye r. It sometimes overwinters in large nu mbers in hair-grass (D esch a mp sia) tusso cks at the edge of win ter po nds . The ecology o f this and related marsh sp ecies of Ag on u m is de scribe d by Dawson (1965) . A . obscu ru m is u sually brachyp terou s and sp ring-bree ding, altho ug h both win ged ind ividuals and autumn b ree ding have been rep orted . It occu rs th roug ho ut the cen tral latitud es of Europe .

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Maps and species accounts

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0 This rathe r local species occurs in scattered localities throughout Britain and Ireland, in hab iting clayish so ils with rich vegetation close to water. It has recently been adde d to the Manx list (Luff 1996a). A .p iceu m is w inged , sp ring-bree ding, and fou nd thro ughout no rth and central Europ e.

Map 203 Ag o nu m q ua d r ip u ncta tu m (Degee r, 1774) RD B I Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Map 204 Ag o nu m s c itu lu m D e je a n , 1 8 28

Th is is a ma inly so uth ern spe cies , reco rd ed rec en tly o nly from Berksh ire , alth ough th ere are o ld rec o rds from no rth ern Englan d an d Sco tlan d . It is n o t kn ow n from Ire lan d . It is accu cia te d w ith b urn t gro u nd , es pecially tha t cre ated b y h ea th o r fore st fi re s . It is also fou nd u nd er ba rk . Hyman an d Par so ns ( 199 2) regard A . q uad np u ncta tu m as an es tab lish ed im migrant, bu t the p re se n t map sugges ts tha t its co ntinued existe nce in Britain is at risk . It fl ies re ad ily an d b reed s in the sp rin g . O n the Continent it occurs thro ugh ou t no rth ern an d eastern Euro p e , an d th rou gh Ru ssia to No rth Am erica .

Na t io na lly Sca r ce (A) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is is a ve ry loca l sp ecie s inh ab iting shad ed ma rshy hab itats and can s. It is ea sily co nfused w ith A . m ica ns, with w h ich it ma y co -exist . Only a few reco rds have bee n re ce ived , the se co ming from so uthern an d easte rn England an d w est Wales . Rece nt reco rds rece ive d from no rthe rn Ire lan d are p ro bab ly A . tnicans, as A . sc itu lu m is no t in clu ded o n th e latest Irish ch ecklist (Anderso n et al. 1997) . A . sc itu lu m is prob ab ly a w inged , sp ring-bree d ing species . It has a limite d d istribu tion in n orthern an d ce ntral Eu ro pe , and is everyw here rare .

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Map 205 Ag o nu m s e xp u nc ia t u m (Lin n ae us , 17 58 ) N at ionally Scarce (A) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is brightly colou red , diurnally active sp ecies is fou nd locally on mo ist , mossy ground near w ater, w here there is little or no tall vegetation , often in damp patch es on otherwise sa ndy heath s. Recen t records come from England as far north as South Yorkshire , but there are p re- 1970 re cords from Cumb ria. It is no t known from Scotland or Irelan d Th e species is winged and breeds in th e sp ring. It occu rs through ou t mo st of Euro pe .

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Map 206 Ag o nu m tb o r ey i De je an, 18 28

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This species is commo n in well-vegetated marshe s, fens and ree d beds in England, Wales and Ireland , but it is local in Scotland , wh ere it is usu all y foun d in coastal lowland sites . The type form has pale elytra, bu t a darker form , p uellu m Dejean , also occurs, which is common er in the north of the species' range . It is a win ged sp rin g/ su mmer breeder, found throughout most of Euro pe.

Map 207 Ag o nu m v e r s ut u m Sturm, 1824 Nat ionally Sca rce ( B) Hyman and Par sons ( 1992) A very local spe cies record ed from England, Wales

and Ireland , most recent re cords co me from th e Severn basin . There are subfossil records from Somerse t (Duff 1993). It is found at th e edge of standing water, on po orly draining , well-vegetate d so ils. The species is a full-winged , spring breede r, whose range exten ds to central and easte rn Euro pe .

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Map 208 Ag o nu m v id u u m (Panze r, 17 96)

This species has a southern and western distribution, not know n from no rth-east England , but w idespread in Wales and Ireland . It lives in marshes an d at the edges of freshwater where there is abu ndant vegetatio n , sometimes co -existing w ith the closely related A . m oestu m , with w hich it was confused in earlier records . Diff eren ces between the two are discu sse d by Itibe ra et a L (1996). A . vid uu tn is a fully win ged sp ecies w hich bree ds in the spring. It occurs over most of Euro pe except the far south and west.

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Maps and species accounts

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Map 209 P e r ig o na nig r ic ep s (D eje a n , 18 3 1)

Th is in tro duced species was first forma lly reco rded in Britain by Allen (1950b) , althou gh according to Hinton (1945) it had b een found 'near Lond on ' by 1903. It is found o ccas ion ally in compo st and vege table refuse he aps o r flying to light, mainly in so uth ern England and south Wales, although it ap pears still to be sp reading and has been found as far north as Yorkshire. It has not been found in Ireland . P . n tg ricep s is a cosmop olitan sp ecies, originating from south Asia, bu t found in Europ e sin ce 1902; the bre edin g cycle and larvae are unk nown .

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This spe cies, on ce known as A . trivialis (Gyllenh al), is commo n in England and Wales, but more local, although widely distributed , in Scotland an d Ireland . Inhabiting dry, open and sun ny habitats, it is often seen run ning on p aths and in gardens . It is a diurnal, winged, spring breeder, occurring throughout Europe except the far north . Desp ite considerable superficial variation (including a striking brigh t-green variety on the Ayres , Isle of Man), this species may be recognised by the sh arp , lin ear pronotal foveae .

Map 2 11 A m a r a a lp ina (Pay kul l, 179 0) RD B3 Shirt ( 1987), Hyrnan and Parsons ( 1992 ) BA P ( 1995)

Th is species , which inha bits dry heaths sandy and gravell y moraines, is restricted to high altitud es in the Scottish Highlands . There is a record from South Rona , Inner Heb ride s, in 1933 (Pe acock et a l. 1935, in Welch 1983) but this has no t be en verified . It is abse nt from Irelan d. It often has reduced w ings , and breeds in the summer, probab ly taking two years to develop into a bree ding adu lt. Its Europ ean distribution is bo real, rath er tha n alp ine ; it extends across northern Scand inavia to north ern Russia, Siberia and the extreme no rth of America .

'3 Map 2 12 Ama r a a nt im bia Vill a, 18 33

This species, which occurs on dr y, san dy so ils with little vegetation, was probably introduced in to England only recently, now being found prima rily in the south , bu t w ith reco rds extending in a band north-west to coastal dunes in north La ncashire. There are no reco rds from Wales, Scotlan d or Ireland . It is a macropte rous, spring-breeding species, w hose range includes central and sou thern Europ e; England is the northe rn limit of its distribution.

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Map s a nd sp e c ies ac co unt s

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Map 2 13 A m a r a ap ric a ri a (Pay kull, 179 0) A com mo n species thro ughou t the east of England and Scotland , it is apparently more localised (and o ft en coastal) in the west and in Ireland . It is fo und on dry, open and sand y so ils, includ ing amble lan d , esp ecially if weedy . A . ap rica na fl ies re ad ily, and is oft en take n in light traps. It breeds in the autumn , with w inter larvae . It occu rs thro ugh out Euro pe and the Ne a r East .

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This beetle (the A . sp in ip e s Schiodte of ea rlier authors) is common over most of Britain but local in Scotland and Ireland , although it seems to be reco rded exceptionally frequently from the Hebride s. Toge the r w ith related sp ecies it was p laced by Jo y (1932) in the genus Cy rto n ot us, a mis-spelling for the currently accepted subgenus Cu rton ot us Stephens . It lives in dr y, wellvegetated habitats, w here the adults climb plants at night to feed on th e seed heads of Compositae. It is winged and bree ds in the autumn . A . a u lica is common throughout Europe , and has also been introduced into North Am e rica .

Map 2 15 A m a ra W r e n s (Gyilen h al , 18 10)

A common sp ecies in eastern England and the Scottish low lands , it is more local, and often

coastal, else where , including Ireland . Like the last, this is ano th er sp ecies which is very abun dant in the Hebrides . It lives on san dy soils with little vegetation. Earlier works refer to it as A . livida Sch ia dte . The sp ecies flies well, and breeds in the autumn. It o ccurs through ou t most of Europe.

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Map 2 16 A m a r a c o m m u nis ( Panze r, 17 97 )

This is a widespread and ge nerally co mmon species found in mainly open habitats such as grasslands , cultivated gardens and op en woo dlan ds, which are not too dry. It can tolerate areas of high rainfall from w hich many othe r A ma ra may be absent. It is a macropterous, spring-breed in g sp ecies, fou nd over mu ch of Europe except the far south and west. Confusion with A . con vex ior is possible .

Maps and species accounts

115

Map 2 17 A ma r a consu la r is ( Duf tsch mid, 1812) N at ionally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) A loc al sp ecies , all records for w hich come from

Englan d (mainly th e south and east) , although it is inc lud ed on the Scottish and Irish lists Hyma n an d Pa rso ns (1992) cite occurrences in south -west and no rth-east Scotlan d , following Fowler (1887) and Mo o re (195713) resp ectively. A . co ns ula ris lives in open , o ft en humu s-rich san dy or gravelly soils, and is o ft en foun d in gravel pits. It is a winge d , autu mn -breeding species, adults having been found in th e late winter and very early sp ring , possibly ind icating overwintering . It occurs throughou t Euro pe excep t the far no rth .

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Map 2 18 A m a r a convex ior Stephens, 1828 • •

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116

Maps and species accounts

Th is species (formerly A . con tin ua Thomso n) has a southern distribution, becom ing rarer in north ern England . No con firmed Scottish records have been received . A single old record from Ireland is also doubtful; it is recorded as Irish by both Moore (19576) and Lind roth (1974); Speight et a l. (1982) could fmd no pu blished reco rds or sp ecimens , but se e Nash , An derson and O'Connor (1997) for its inclusion on the Irish list of Ande rson et a l. (1997). A . co nvex ior is found in ope n, sunny sites such as gravel pits. It is a macropte rous, diurnal, spring breeder, occurring throughout central and eastern Eu rope except in the north. This sp ecies has been co nfuse d with A . co m m u n es in the past .

Map 2 19 Ama r a co nv ex iu s cula (Mars h am , 18 0 2)

This sp ecies is foun d main ly in the east of Englan d in saltmarshes and coastal grasslands , and locally on dry, o pen sites inla nd . The re are few Scottish and Welsh records, and it was deleted from the Irish list by Speight et a l. (1982), although in clu ded by Anderson et a t (1997) . A . co nva t ius cu la fl ies readily and comes to light traps. It is an autu mn breeder, occurring along the coasts of nor thern and eastern Europe and the Black Sea, and at inland saline localities in central and south-east Europe .

Map 220 A tna r a cu r s ita ns (Zim m erm ann , 183 2)

Th is species, which usua l y inhabits dry gravelly soils oft en near human ha bitation, is known in Britain only from two , presu mably introduced , sp ecime ns taken in London in the 1950s (Allen 1956) . It has not been found in Ireland . Although it occurs w idely in central and no rthe rn Europe , it is rare throughout its ran ge .

4 Maps and species account s

I 17

Map 22 1 A ma r a c u r ia D e jea n , 18 28 N at io n a lly Sca rc e (B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is ve ry local sp ecies is found in dry situations su ch as gravel p its , chalk and limesto ne grassland , dunes and heath land ove r most of England and o n th e co asts of north and south Wales. Sp eigh t et a t (1982) d elete d th is sp ecies from th e Irish list, and the o nly known Scottish locality is Ailsa Craig (Crow so n 1980), although it has been recorded from so uth-east Scotland by Fowler (1887) . A . cu rta is a macro pterous, sp ring-breeding species w hose range extends througho ut central and eastern Europ e .

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Map 222

A m a r a eq ue s tr th (Duft s ch rni d, 18 12) N a t iona lly Sca rce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

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118

Maps and species acco unts

This scarce species has been recorded most frequently from southe rn England , East Anglia and the southe rn half of Wales . There are pre-1900 records (as A .p atricia (Duftschmid)) from northern England , Scotland and no rth Wales (Fowler 1887), and a single recent record from du ne grassland on the east coast of Scotland . It does not occur in Ireland . It lives in ope n , dr y, sandy or calcareous situations, and in gravel pits. It is a w inge d, autumn breeder, occuring throughout most of cen tral and sou thern Europ e .

Map 223 A m a r a e u ty no ta (Panze r , 1796)

Th is spe cies, formerly kn own as A . acu minata (Paykull) , is w idesp read throug ho ut England , occurring also in Wales, southern Scotland and the Hebrides . Very few records have , how ever, been received from Ireland. Inh abitin g open grou nd in dunes and w eedy bare so il, A . euty nota has benefi te d from agricu ltural cultivation . Adults are active late into the year, this spe cies having an exceptionall y late breeding pe riod . It fl ies rea dily and occurs througho u t mo st of Euro pe .

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Map 224

A nu tr a f a m e lic a Zi mmer mann, 1832

RDB3 Hyman and Parsons (1992) BAP ( 1995) This rare sp ecies of damp areas within dry, sandy heaths is known on ly from isolated localities, mainly in south and east England , west to Cornw all an d nor th to S Yorkshire. It is abse nt from Ireland . There are only two recent records, from Ashdown Forest, Susse x, and Strensall Commo n, Yorkshire . It is a winged , spring-breeding spe cies with a mainly eastern European range, at its western limit in Britain.

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Maps and spe cies acco unts

119

Map 225 A m a r a f a m il ia r is ( 3uf tsch m id, 18 12)

Th is is a common species in England and Wales , bu t more local in Scotlan d except on east coast dun e systems and the machair of the Ou te r Isles. Very few Irish records h ave been rece ived . A .f a m ilia ris lives in m ost ope n , su nny and mod erate ly dry habitats, often alo ngside A . aenea. It is winged , sp ring-breeding and occurs througho ut most of Europe , except th e far nor th .

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120

Maps and species accounts

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This species is fou nd locally thro ughout England and south Wales in open dry, san dy or gravelly situations , so metimes ne ar water. In Scotland it is mo re local, and only th ree Irish records (all pre1970) have be en received . It is cap able of fl ight, and breeds in the autu mn . It occurs through out most of Eu ro p e .

Map 227 A ma r a f us ca Dejean , 18 28 RD B2 Shin ( 1987) RD B I Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992)

The only record submitted for this species was from Swanley, Kent, in 1942, until it w as disco vered in three West Suff olk sites in 1993 (Tell er & Evers ham 1994) . It has bee n found again in one of th ese localities in 1997. Pre-1900 reco rds from no rthern England and Scotland (Fow ler 1887) have no t been confi rmed , but the species was reliably know n at th at time from Kent, Sussex and Glamorgan . The recent record from Co . Durham given by Hyman and Parso ns (1992) is an error, possibly referring to A . n itid a . A .j itsca in habits san dy or gra velly heaths and slopes, including dunes. It is abse nt from Ireland. It is an autumn -breeding species, prob ably capable of fl ight, which has a limited , primarily coastal distribution in cen tral and southern Europe.

Map 228 Ama r a infi ma (D uftsc h m id , 18 12) Nat ionally Scarce (A ) Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992)

This very local spe cies is reco rded only from sandy heathland and dune sites in the south of Engla nd , East Anglia and Glamorgan . The re are old records in Moo re (1957b) from Bedfo rdshire and north Lincolns hire . It is not found in Ireland . It occurs un der Ca llu na or grasses in dry situations . A . infi ma breeds in autumn and early w inter , and may some times ove rwinte r in the egg stage. Adu lts aestivate in the summe r, and may bree d in more tha n one year. Although winged in dividuals are know n, the spe cies is usually brachypte rous, and flight rare ly or never occurs, pe rhaps contributing to this species' limited distribution . Its range extends to centra l and north eastern Europe .

Maps and species a cco un ts

12 1

Map 229 A ma r a lu c i d a (D uft s c h nil d , 18 1 2) Nat ionally Scarce ( B) Hyrnan and Parsons(1992)

A main ly coastal sp ecies, fou nd locally in sand dunes and dry grassland in England and Wales, it also occurs inland in sandy grassland and heaths, esp ecially in th e Breckland region of East Anglia. It w as record ed from Achill Island in w estern Ireland by J ohns on and Halbert (1912). No reco rds have been su bmitted from Scotlan d , although it appears on th e Scottish list, Hyma n and Parsons (1992) citing oc curren ce in north-e ast Scotland, follow ing Moo re (1957b). A . lu cida is a win ge d, sp ring b reeder, exte nding th rough out Euro pe except th e far no rth . •

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Map 230 A ma r a lu nico lli s Sch lo edte , 18 37

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122

Maps and species account s

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This beetle (th e A . vulga ds Pan zer of early autho rs) is widespread in Britain, and possibly also in Ireland . It occurs in a range of habitats, includ ing moo rland , grassland , some arable land and open wood land, usually on rather dry sandy o r p eaty gro und . It is a diurnal, macropterous , spring-breeding species , found through out most of Eu ro p e excep t the far south and west.

Map 23 1 Anta r a mo nt ivag a Sturm, 18 2 5

This sp ecies appears to be a rece nt immigrant, an d w as added to the British list by Allen (1950b). The earliest know n spe cimen is from Newqua y, Co rnw all, in 1934 (Duff 1992). It ha s since sp rea d through ou t the south of England and Wales, and is now more common in the ea st. In Ireland , it has been kn ow n from Killarne y, Ke rry, sin ce 1938 (Spe ight 1976c). Accordin g to Lindro th (1974) , it is kn ow n from Scotland , but no record s have bee n received , and its occurren ce there se e m s unlikely in the light of its southern distribution in Eng land and Wale s. Conf usion w ith relate d sp ecies such as A . ova ta and A . s im ila ta is po ssible , as the figure s of pron otal p ores in Lin droth (1974, p89) are misleading (the pores actually being further in from the lateral ma rgins than on the draw ings) . A . m on tivag a flies readily, and is fou nd in sandy sites , gravel and chalk pits, w here there is we edy veg etation . It is a sprin g bree der, fou nd ma inl y in mou ntain ou s area s of central Eu ro p e .

Map 232 Ama r a niti da Stu rm , 18 2 5 Nat io na lly Sca r ce (A ) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) â&#x20AC;˘

Whilst this is a rare species , it is neverthe less w idely distribute d in England , also recorded in Wales from Glamorgan (Hyman & Parsons 1992, details not located), Merioneth (Morgan 1974) and from a specimen collected in Montgomery in 1940 (Du ff 1992). It is no longer foun d at its original locality of Know le in Warwicksh ire (Forsyth e 1997), and does not occur in Ireland . It has been found in variou s dry habitats on well -draining soils from sand dunes to coniferous forest. The species is macrop terous, probably spring-breeding, and occurs throughout central Euro pe.

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4 Maps and spe cie s acco unt s

12 3

Map 233 A m a r a o v a ta (Fab ri cius , 179 2) A co mmon species thr ou gh out Britain except the far no rth , it is also w idely distributed in Ireland . It o ccu rs on open , mo de rately dr y gro und , includ in g arab le fi elds , gard ens an d grasslan d . It often co-exists w ith the close ly related A . sim ila ta , and th e two species can be diffi cu lt to sep arate . A .ova ta is a macro ptero us, sp ring bree der, found all over Europe .

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Map 234 A m a r a p le bej a (Gy l en ha l, 18 10)

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Maps and species accounts

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This sp ecies , som etimes mis-spelt p lebeta , is the most frequently record ed A m a ra sp ecies , found through ou t Britain (except the far no rth) and Ireland . It lives in mo ister situations than most me mbe rs of th e ge nus , preferring hu mid , vegetated so ils, often near water, bu t is also found on arable clay so ils and intensively managed grasslands , wh ere it is common . A . p lebej a fl ies readily It migrates ann ually from overwinterin g sites, such as fi eld ma rgin s and grass tussocks , to spring bree ding site s (van Huizen 1977) and has been fou nd abunda ntly in set-aside . It occurs thr ough out Euro pe exce pt the south .

Map 235 Am a r a p r a n e rm i s s a (Sah lbe rg , 1827) Nationally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

A local bu t w idely distribu ted species, it is fou nd in Britain as far north as central Scotlan d, and on the coast of Irelan d . Some au thors refer to it as A . ruf oc in cta (Sahlbe rg). It is found in dry localities including dunes and chalk grassland, and its prese nce may ind icate ma n-made gravel su bstrates such as old railway tracks and reclaimed spoil heaps (Eyre & Luff 1995) . A . p raeten n issa is a w inge d , autumn breeder, foun d in central and north-eastern Europ e, and in mou ntains further so uth .

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Map 236 A ma r a q u e ns eli (Sc ho e nh e rr, 18 0 6) Nationally Scarce (A) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This scarce spe cies is restricted to parts of th e Scottish Highlands and Rhu m, wh ere it is found on san dy sites w ith little vegetation, such as river banks, du nes and roadside verges. It is abse nt from Ireland . It is a winged spe cies that bree ds in the autu mn , possibly taking two years to comp lete its deve lop me nt. On the Continent the re are two fo rm s : q u en seli se nsu stricto has a mo nta ne distribution throughout much of Europ e (also occurring in North America), while the form silvicola Zimmermann occurs on coastal dunes from Scandinavia south to Belgium .

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Maps and species acco unt s

12 5

Map 237 A ma r a s intila t a ( Gyll e n h al , 18 10)

Alth ough common an d w ide spread in England an d Wales , A . s im ila ta is record ed only from very few , w ide ly scatte red localities in Scotland and Irelan d . It is foun d in open habitats on mo de rately dry soils. It o ft en co-ex ists w ith th e clo se ly related A . ova ta, altho ugh it is said to be less xerop hilous than that sp ecies , and scarcer in the no rth . A . sim ila ta is a w in ged , sp ring-breeding species occurring across Euro pe and Asia as far as j apan .

iv 3 Map 238 A ma r a sp r eta Deje an , 18 3 1 Nationally Scarce (B) Hyrnan and Parsons (1992) Th is very local species ha s a mainly coasta l

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126

Maps and species accounts

distribution, inhabiting sand dunes and sand pits in eastern and southe rn England , and in Wales. Th ere are 19th century reco rds from south-east Scotland (Fowler 1887), bu t it does not occur in Ireland . It prefers areas of loose , shifting sand, and oft en occurs w ith Cala th us m oilLs It is w inged , breeds in the spring, and its range extends eastwa rds across central Euro pe to Russia.

Map 239

A m a r a s t r e msa Zim m er m an n , 18 32 RD B3 Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Pr ima rily a sp ecies of coastal saltrnarsh es , A . stren ua is fou nd only in the extre me so uth-east of England ,

East Anglia (1995) and around the Bristol Chan nel. An inland record from Somerset is doub tful (Du f 1993). Acco rding to Hyman and Parso ns (1992), this spe cies has be en reco rded since 1970 in so uth Devon, bu t no details are available . It ha s no t been found in Ireland . In the last century it occ urred ma inly on the Isle of Wight (Fow ler 1887) . It lives in litter and under vegetation . A . st re n ua is p robably w inged , but the life cycle is not clear . It has a rather restricted con tinental distribution , from England and Denmark sou thwards to Austria, w here it is found on river banks .

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Map 240

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A ma r a tib ia & (Paykul l, 1798)

This common and widesp read species in both Britain and Ireland may be fou nd on open , sandy are as of grass and heath on coastal san d dunes o r inlan d , especially in the so uth . A . Ubia lis is w inge d and breeds in th e sp ring and summe r. Its range extends throughou t most of Europe excep t the far north and south .

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Maps and species acco unt s

127

Map 24 1 Z a b r us t e ne b r i o id e s (Goeze, 17 77) N at ionally Scarce (A ) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Z . te n eb rioid es (w hich has also been know n as Z . g ib bus (Fab ricius)) is restricted to the sou th and

east of Englan d and south Wales , w here it is found in grass an d cerea l fields . It is absent from Ireland . Th e larvae eat emerging shoots of cereals, and the ad ults climb vege tatio n to feed on seeds . Even in Brita in it can ach ieve local pest status after hot, dr y se aso ns (Basse tt 1978) . The sp ecies is w inge d , an d autumn-breeding . Its range extends southwards through central and easte rn Europe to central Asia, w here it is a major cereal pest .

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Map 242 H a rp a lu s affi

ni s (Sc h ra nk , 1781)

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Maps and species account s

This species (referred to in earlier works as H . a ene us (Fabricius)) is common in England and Wales, b ut more local in Scotland . In Ireland it se ems to be restricted to coasta l localities . It is a sp ecies o f o pen , dry soils, common in gardens , arable land , dry grassland and coastal dun es. It occurs in a variety of me tallic colours (black individu als are seldom fou nd ), with eithe r red or black legs . The males are mo re brightly coloured than the fem ales. H . affi n is fl ies rea dily, and breeds ma inly in the sp ring, although some eggs are laid in summer or au tumn , so that both adults and larvae overwinter. It occu rs throughou t Europ e and the Middle East, as we ll as having been intro duced to North America.

Map 243 H a rp a lus a nx i u s ( Du ftsch m id, 18 12)

Th is spe cies occurs o n coastal san d du nes no rth to Cumbria and the Isle of Man, and mo re locally o n inland san dy he aths and in sand pits in southern England. It has be en foun d in Ireland . It is a winged , sp ring breed er, but like H . aff i n is some individu als may breed later in the seas on . Adu lts breed twice o r more, ove r tw o or more years . Its range exte nds across Europe except the far no rth .

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Map 244

H a rp a lu s a r d o s ia cu s Luts ch n ilc, 19 22 Nat ionally Scarce (B) Hyrnan and Parso ns ( 1992)

This so uth ern species, sometimes known as H . rotu n d icollis or H . d iff in is, occurs as far no rth as the Humb er in the east and sou th Wales in the west. Most recent reco rds are fro m the sou th coast and the Thames estuary. It is ab sent from Ireland . H . a rdosiac us lives on chalk or limestone soils and coastal clay, usually being found under stones , or in cracks in the sub strate . It is pro bably winged , and breeds in the autumn . Britain represents the northern limit of its range , wh ich extends south through France to the Mediterrane an countries , the Middle East and North Africa.

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Maps and species accounts

12 9

Map 24 5 H a rp a lu s a tt e nu a t u s Ste p h ens , 1828 A so u th ern sp ecie s o f co as tal du nes an d d ry, san dy p lace s inland , it is fou n d in Britain n orth to Grea t O rm es Head , no rth Wale s and Spu rn Head , Yo rksh ir e . It w as also kn o w n as H . co nsen ta n eus Deje an . Its rep o rte d o ccu rre n ce in th e Isle of Man (Fow le r 1887) w as d o u b te d b y Britten ( 1943) , bu t th e sp e cies w as co n firm ed from th e Ayres in th e n o rth o f th e isla n d in 1992 (Luff 1996a) . H . a tte n u a tus h as n o t b een reco rd ed from Ireland .

The sp ecies is ma cro pte rous an d sp ring -bree ding , w ith a w este rn Eu ro p e an d istribu tion exte nd ing so u th to No rth Afric a .

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G Map 24 6 H a rp a lu s a z u r e us ( Fabri ciu s , 17 75) Nat ionally Scarce (B) Hym an and Parsons (1992)

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M aps and species accounts

Th is spe cies occurs south of a line from Linc o lnsh ire to the Merse y, ofte n o n o p e n, clay sites o n th e co ast, bu t also inla nd on sunn y chaLk or lime sto n e slo pes . It is no t fou nd in Ireland . H . az u m us is w ing-dimorp hic, an d breeds ma inly in the sp ring . Th e spe cies occu rs thro ugh out Eu ro pe exce p t th e far north , an d into the Midd le East Th e form sim ilis Dejean d oes no t hav e me tallic co lou ration .

Map 24 7 H a t p a tu s c o r d a t u s ( D uf tsc h m id , 18 12) RDB3 Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995) Ail recent records of this species are from the south

coast of Englan d, where it lives in co astal sand dunes, although th ere are older (u nconfirm ed) reco rds from north ern England (Hyman & Parsons 1992) . The record from Gloucestershire in Moore's (1957b) county listings is not repe ated in Any 's (1983) recent county list, and sho u ld be disregarded . It do es no t occur in Irelan d . H . cordatus is a macropte rous, summer/ autumn bree der, whose range extends acro ss central and south ern Europe to Asia. It is at its northe rn limit in Britain .

Map 24 8 H a rp a lu s c up r e u s De je a n , 18 29 RDB 1 Shir t ( 1987), Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) T h is species was previously know n from several

sites on the Isle of Wight , but has no t been recorded there since 1914, and it is probably now extinct in Britain . It occurred on arable land and in field ma rgins . Little is know n of its biology; it is a southern and w este rn species in Europe , and may have been introdu ced to Britain in th e late 19th century. It has never occurred in Irela nd .

Maps and species accounts

13 1

Map 249 H a rp a lu s dimidia tus (Ross1, 1790)

N at ionally Scarce (A) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

Th is ve ry local sp ecies oc curs only in sou thern England , being found in dun es and dry sandy or calcareous grassland , ofte n on the coast. Localities cite d in Fowler (1887) ind icate that its range w as fo rm erly more exte nsive , but it has never been fou nd in Ireland . It was forme rly call ed H . ca sp ius (vo n Steve n) . H . d im id ia tus is sp ring-breeding, and pro b ably winged . It occurs acro ss southe rn Europ e , w ith England being its nort h ernmo st limit.

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Map 250 H a rp al usf r oeli cbi Stur m , 18 18 RDB2 Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BAP (1995)

This rare spe cies is fou nd on co astal du nes, in sandy grassland and san d p its, and on heaths. All recent records come from East Anglia. Moo re ( 1957b) in cludes Yorksh ire and Durham in its county distribution , but the reco rd from Durham is an error (Eyre et a l. 1986). It does not occur in Ireland . H .f roelich i flies readily, and has be en taken in light traps. Ind ividuals with in th e same pop ulation may b ree d in either sp ring or autumn . It has an easte rn European distribution within a rather narrow latitudinal range, England and central France ma rking its weste rn limit.

132

Maps and species accounts

S r

Map 25 1 H a rp a lu s b o ne s tu s (Du fts c h m k t, 18 12) RD B I Shir t ( 198 7), Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992)

It se eme d unlikely tha t this spe cies (th e true H . (g na vus Duftschmid) had occurred in Britain for many ye ars , until an apparently valid (fema le) sp ecime n w as collected on the Cumbrian co ast near the p ort of Whitehaven in 1994. Furth er.sp ecimens of both se xes w ere subse quently fou nd at th e same site in 1996 (Luff , Read & Copestake 1997) . Of the old records (all from southe rn England), the most rece nt w as from Streatley Berkshire , in 1905 (Allen 1965) . Confusion w ith the related sp ecies H . rufi ta rsis is p ossible (see Allen 1965; Lindro th 1972) . H . h onestus is a southern Eu rop ean sp ecies, at its northern limit in Britain , w ith no occurren ces in Ireland .

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Map 252 H a rp a lu s la t us (Lin n aeus , 17 58 )

This species is commo n and widesp read throughout Britain and Ireland , esp ecially in the north . It can be found in any habitat which is moderately dry but not too warm, including woodlan d, up land grassland and bracke n (Pter idiu m aq u ilin u m) , and dry heaths . H . latus is win ged , and breeds throughou t the warmer part of the year. It is found througho ut central and northe rn Europ e, to the Arctic. A redheaded form (my th rocep ha lus Fabricius) occurs.

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Maps and species accounts

133

Map 253

H a rp a lu s me la ncho lic us D ejean , 18 29 RDB I Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

die

Although not recorded in England since 1964, th ere is a re cent (1992) record of th is rare spe cies fro m Stackp ole Warren , south Wales (Harrison 1994) . Old record s are thinly scatte red in south ern England and East Anglia . It is absent from Scotland and Ireland . It has been fou nd on coastal sand dunes , and sim ilar san dy habitats inland . H . me lan ch olic us is p rob ably a winge d , autumn bree der, but spring bre ed ing may also occu r. The sp ecies is fou nd co astally over mu ch of Europ e except th e no rth , and in a few inlan d localities .

Map 254 fl a rp a lus

H eer , 18 37

Nationally Scarce (A) Hyman and Parsons (1992)

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134

Maps and species accounts

Record s of this species (u nd er various synonyms; see Lind roth 1935; Pope 1977) are scattered south of a line from th e Humber to the Severn, wh ere it inhabits open ground or grass on calcareous or alluvial soils. It does not occur in Ireland . According to Lind roth (1985- 86) , the sp ecifi c name shou ld be spelt m elletit The separa tion of this sp ecies from the related H .p a rallelus Dejean is diffi cult (see Lindroth 1972); useful features of the genitalia of the se and oth er British me mbers of the subgenus Op hon us are given in Sciaky (1987), who also includes a key (in English) to all sp ecies of th e gro up . H . m elleti is w in ged , prob ably springbreeding , and has a patchy distribution throughout western and central Euro pe .

Map 255 H a rp ed:is ne g le c t u s

vin e , 18 2 1

This spe cies of coastal san d du nes is found on the south and west coasts of England and Wale s. It was deleted from the Irish list by Speight et a L (1982) and does not occur in Scotlan d . H . neg lectu s is a wing-dimorphic, ma inly springbreeding species . Its distribution is coastal in no rthern and western Eu rop e , although it occurs at in land localities furth er east.

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Map 256 H a rp a lu s ob s c u r u s (Fabri ciu s , 17 9 2) RDB I Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

This species, an in habitant of chalk and lime stone soils in inland southern and eastern England, has yielded very few recent reco rds, these coming from Gloucestershire, Leicestersh ire (including Rutland â&#x20AC;&#x201D; see Phillips & Evans 1996) and Northamptonshire (Hens on 1997). It is not foun d in Ireland . Little is know n of its biology, but it is probably a macrop te rous, summer breeder. It has a patchy , mostly montane distribution across southern Europ e from Spain to the Crimea .

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Maps and species accounts

135

Map 257 H a rp a lu s p a r a lle lu s Dejeau , 18 29 RD B3 Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

Th ere are few rece nt records of th is rare sp ecies , w h ich is fou nd only in the so uth and east of Englan d . Hyman and Parso ns (1992) cite old rec ord s from Do rset, south Hampshire, East Anglia and Bedfords hire . It is mostly coastal, fou nd on open ground o n chaLk soils. Separation of the sp ecies from H . m elleti is discu ssed by Lind roth (1972) and th e co mp lex sp ecifi c nome nclature of th ese tw o sp ecies is outline d b y Lind roth (1935) , Pop e (1977) and Sciak y ( 1987) . H . p a ra llelus is a sp ring -breedin g sp ecies, p robably w inged . In view of the taxono mic confusion w ithin the subgenus Op hon u.s, its Europea n distribu tion is uncertain, but se ems to exte nd so uthw ards to Italy (Sciaky 1987) .

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Map 258 H a rp a lu s p u nc t a t u lu s (D uf tsc h m id, 1812 ) Nationally Scarce (A ) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

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13 6

Maps and species acco unts

This local species has a south-eastern distribution very similar to th at of H . a rdosiacu s, occurring as far north as the Humbe r in the east an d south Wales in th e west. It does no t occur in Ireland. It is fou nd on dr y, oft en slightly sha ded , ground with some hu mus and moderate vegetation , usually on chalk. The sp ecies is erroneously referred to as p u n ctula tus on the Scheme reco rdin g card . H . p u n cta tu lus is ma inly a spring bree der. It is winged , its range extending throughout most of Europe except the north .

Map 259 H a tp alu s p u nct icep s (Steph e n s , 18 28 ) A p red o minan tly sou thern species , o ft en cited as H . a ng usticollis Muller, it o ccurs co asta lly in Wales an d eas tern Irela nd , but inland in sou thern an d ce ntral Englan d, an d south-west Irelan d (Spe ight et a L 1982). Its no rth ern lim it is o n th e Ayres at th e n orth ern extre mity o f th e Isle o f Man . It oc curs o n o pe n , w ee d y grou nd o n sandy so ils , o ft en after d isturb an ce or cu ltiva tion . The larvae fee d o n th e se eds o f Ap iacea e (Bra nd mayr & Bran dma yr 1975) . H . p u n ct icep s is ab le to fl y , and b reeds in the au tumn . It oc cu rs th rough out cen tral an d sou the rn Europ e , an d has b een in tro duced in to North America.

176-

Map 260 H a rp a lu s p unctic o Uis (Pay kuil , 17 98) RD I33 Hyman and Parsons (1992)

Th is rare species h as a similar sou th -ea ste rn distribu tion to H . a rd osia cus an d H .p u n cta tu lus, exce pt that there are few er reco rds o f H .p u n cticollis fro m the English so uth co ast All re p u ted Irish sp ecim en s have so far p ro ve d to b e H . p u n ct icep s o r H . ruj iba rbis (Spe ight et a l. 1982) an d it is n ot o n th e rece nt Irish ch ecklist (And erso n et a L 1997). It is found on dry, chalk

or gravel soils with some vegetation, and in chalk pits. H . p u ncticollis is a ma cro pte rou s, sp rin gb reed ing sp ecies w h ose range exten ds th ro ugho ut Euro p e except th e n orth .

째 Maps and species accounts

137

Map 26 1 H a rp alus quadr ip uncta tu s Dejean, 1829 o f

N at ionally Scarce (A) Hyrnan and Parsons ( 1992)

This is a very local sp ecies in England , Scotland and Irelan d , all British po st-1970 reco rds coming from north ern , upland sites although the re are older re cords from furth er south (alth ough the Somerset re co rd is in some doubt, see Duff 1993). It lives in cool, shaded habitats , in cluding forest and scrub , on sa ndy o r gravell y soils. The species is ma cro p terous, bree ding in either sp ring or autum n , and O CCU IS across north ern Europ e to Siberia, as w ell as in mon tane regions further south .

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Map 262

Harpalus r ubrip es (Du ftsch m id , 1812) This species is common in th e south and east of Eng land , becoming mo re local in Wales, Scotland and Ireland It is usu ally con fmed to the coast tow ards the limits of its geograp hic range . It is fou nd o n dry, sandy soils on arable land , grassland , sand pits and dunes. H . ru bnp es breeds mainly in sp ring . It is full-winged and occurs th rougho ut Europe except the far north.

138

Maps and species accounts

Map 263 H a rp a lu s r uf th a rb is (Fab ric ius , 179 2)

Th is , th e common est me mber of the sub genus Op b on us, is widespre ad in eastern England , but mo re local in Scotland , Wales an d Ireland . It occurs in partly sha ded habitats on clay soils with so me humus , oft en in gard ens o r agricultural land . H . rufi ba rbis has bee n variously referred to as H . su bp u n cta tus (Step hen s), H . brevicollis auct. and H . sela d on Schauberger in earlier literature (see Lindroth 1935; Pope 1977; Sciaky 1987). This sp ecies is w in ged , and p robably bree ds ma in ly, if not entirely, in the spring . It is fou nd throu gh out mo st of Europe exce pt th e far north , and has been in trod uced to North Ame rica .

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ocit Map 264

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H a rp a lu s n e ip es ( De ge e r, 177 4)

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110

H . nsfi p es is a very common and w idesp read

species throughou t much of Britain and Irelan d, becoming more local in the no rth and west. It is fou nd in open, dr y situations, especially amble fi elds on sand or chalk, and on waste gro un d . The larvae feed on the seeds of many common weeds . This species can be a local pest of straw be rries, when it may be referred to as 'strawbe rry seed beetle' (Briggs 1965) . Many earlier works refer to this species in the genus Pseu d op h on us, often as the species p u bescen s (Muller) or rufi corn is (Fabricius) . H . n sfi p es is w inge d, and breeds in th e su mmer/ autumn . In no rthern Englan d th e adults do no t breed until th eir second year, giving a bienn ial life cycle (Luff 1980) . It is fou nd throughout Europe where it is th e dominant carabid of cultivated land (Luff 1987) , as well as much of Asia and Nort h Africa, and has been introduced in to North America .

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Maps and species accounts

13 9

Map 265 H a ip a lu s r uj it a r s i s ( 3u f ts c h m id, 18 12)

This sp ecies is commo n o nly in th e sou th of England , but is fou n d locally th ro ughou t the rest o f Englan d , Wales and Irelan d . It w as previou sly (incorre ctly) referred to as H . ig na vu s by British authorities; acco rd in g to Lin d ro th (1985- 86), th e n ame rufi ta rsis is pre-occu pied , and the species sh ou ld be refe rre d to as H . rufi p a lp is Sturm . Like many H a ip a lus, it lives on san dy soils, on heaths , dunes and in san d p its. H . rufi ta rsis is a winged , sp ring breeder, found throu gh ou t most of Europ e excep t the north . A sm alle r fo rm , d ecip ien s Dejean , also occu rs w ith the typ e form .

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Map 266 H a rp a lu s r up ico la St ur m , 18 18 Nationally Scarce (B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

•

140

Maps and species accounts

This is a mainly southern species, although Moore (1957b) includes Yorksh ire and Lancashire within its range. It is absen t from Ireland . In sou thern England and East Anglia it can be found locally on ope n, calcareo us soils, although it may also inhabit coastal shingle and dry saltmarshes. H . rup icola is winged , breeds in the spring, and occurs across Euro pe sou th-eastwards to the Urals.

Map 267 Harp alus s a b ulico la ( P an ze r, 17 9 6) RDB3 Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) H . sabu licola is a rare sp ec ies, oc curring ma inly in sou thern and east ern Eng land . There are o ld reco rds from He rtfords hir e (Moo re 1957b) an d p ossib ly Glou ceste rsh ire (Atty 1983) . It ha s n ot bee n fou n d in Irelan d . It li ves o n dr y san dy o r chalk y so ils , u su ally o n th e co as t . Th e sp e cie s is a w in ge d , autumn breed er. Britain is at th e north ern limit of its range , which ex ten ds sou th th rou gh w este rn Euro p e to the Med iterra n ean .

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Map 268 Harp alus s c b a ub e rg e r ia nu s Pu e l , 1937 This local specie s h as a so uthern and mostly easte rn d istribu tio n , w ith no rece nt reco rds from no rth of the Hu mb e r—Mersey line . Th ere are no Irish reco rds . It is fou nd in a va riet y o f dry hab itats , su ch as ch alk o r coasta l grass lan d , sand an d cha lk pits. Confusion w ith th e relate d (an d mu ch co mm o ner) H . ruf ih arbis is p ossible , especia lly as the nam es brevicollic an d rul iba rb is have bo th also p rev iou sly b ee n used for H . sch a u be g eria n us (Po pe 1977) . H . scha u be rgeria n us is a w in ged , sp ring-breed in g sp ecies, occu rring in cen tral an d so uthern Euro pe as far n orth as sou thern Britain.

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Maps and species acco unt s

14 I

Map 269 H a rp a lu s s e r rip e s (Que ns el in Schoe n herr,

1800 N at io na lly Sc arce (B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is local species is now apparently con fi ned to th e so uth coast of Englan d and south Wales bu t there are older, inland reco rds northw ards into East An glia . It does no t occur in Ireland . It has been fou nd on dun es , in shin gle , on sea walls and cliff s. The beetle is a macropterous , sp ring breeder, occurring thr oughou t cen tral an d southe rn Eu ro pe .

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Q Map 270 H a ip a lu s s e r v u s (Duftsc hm id, 18 12) Na t iona lly Sca r ce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This very local sp ecies occurs on sand du nes and sandy heaths in southern England and sou th Wales and in the Breckla nd of East Anglia . Nearly all recent records are from south-east England . It has never been foun d in Irelan d . H . servus is a w inge d , spring breeder, whose range extends throu gh central and eastern Europe, through Asia to China.

14 2

Maps and sp e cie s acco un ts

Map 27 1 H a rp oau s s ma r ag d inu s (Du f tsc h a ld, 18 12 ) Nat io na lly Scarc e (B) Hyrnan and Parsons ( 1992)

Like man y Ha tp a lus spe cies, this is a south ern and easte rn species , w hich is absent from Scotland and Ireland The most no rthe rly recent record is from Risby Warren , Lincolnshire , although there are older reco rds from no rth Wales and Nottingha mshire . It was form erly kn ow n as H . d iscoideus Erichson. It has been found on heaths , dry grassland and arab le land , and in sand pits H . srna ragd in us is a longli ved sp ecies w ith both sp ring- and autu mnbreed ing in dividu als. Its range includes most of central and eastern Euro pe .

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Map 272 H a rp a lu s ta r d us ( Pa nz er , 17 9 6 )

This species is w idespread in eastern England in fi elds and gardens on dry so ils, but become s mainly coastal in the no rth and west, where it is common on san d dunes . The few Irish record s rece ived are all from the east coast. H . ta rcl us is a w inged , sp ring breeder, common throughout most of Europ e .

Maps and species account s

143

Map 273 H a t p a lu s tene b r o s us Dejean , 18 29 Nat ionally Scarce (A) Hyrnan and Par sons ( 1992)

This is a very local, coastal species, fou nd most ofte n in th e south -west from Cornw all to Hamp shire, bu t w ith isolated rec ords from south Wales to Norfolk . It has not been fou nd in Ireland . The range of vice-counties w ith old reco rds listed by H ym an and Parsons (1992) suggests that H . te n ebrosus has become more loc alised since 1970 . The form occuni ng in Britain is su bspecies cen tralis Schauberger. It is a sp rin g-b ree ding, w inged species , widesp rea d in southe rn Europe , but at its northe rn limit in Britain .

Map 274 H a rp a lus v er na lis ( Du f tsch m id, 18 12) N ationally Scarce (A) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) .a ty

14 4

Maps a nd species acco un t s

This, the smallest Ha tpa lus in the region, is almost restricted to the Breckland region of East Anglia, although the re are a few reco rds from othe r parts of south and central England . According to Hyman and Parsons (1992), there are old reco rds from Devon (Fowler 1887) an d an unconfmn ed record from Glamorgan There are no records from Scotland or Ireland. It lives on dry, open slopes, usually southfacing w ith little vegetation . Lind roth (1985- 86) refers to this species as H . p u m ilus (Sturm), the name verna ltr having been already used . Confusion with the continenta l sp ecies H .p icip en n is Duftschmid (formerly regarde d as a synonym of verna lis) is possible, bu t according to Lin droth (1972) that species does no t occur in Britain . H . verna lis is a spring breeder, unusu al w ithin its genus in that it is wingless. It has a central and eastern Europ ean range , with Britain at its north -western limit.

Map 275 Anisoclactylus binotat us (Fahr icius, 1787)

Th is species is widely distributed in England (exce pt the northern most cou nties) , bu t local or rare in the rest o f Britain and Irelan d. It is found in damp, open habitats, in cluding clayish arable fi elds, grasslan d near water, and so me marshes. The species is full-w inged , and breeds in the sp ring . It occu rs through out Eu rope (exce pt the far north), Nonh Africa and Asia Minor, and has been introduced to North Ame rica , where it is surprisingly sfi ccessful in western Canada (Spe nce & Spe nce 1988) .

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'4 Map 276 Anisoda cty lus nemor ivagus (Duf tschmicl , 1812) Nationally Scarce (A ) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

Apart from a single recent Irish record from the mu ddy sho re of a reservoir at Macroom in Co. Cork (Mend el 1993) , this very local species is almo st comp letely restri cted to sandy heaths in southe rn England and Wales, w here it has been reco rded recently only from Su rrey , south Hampsh ire and south Wiltshire . It is a w inged , spring breede r, found thro ugh out central and easte rn Europe .

4 Maps and species accounts

145

Map 2 77 Anisodac ty lus p oecdo ides ( St e p h en s , 18 28) RD B3 Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

This sp ecies is found only in coastal saltmarshes on the south and east coasts of England , with all recent records coming from the Tham es estuary. The post-1970 record from West Su ssex in Hyma n and Parsons (1992) is now kn ow n to be an error, bu t Moo re (1957b) in cludes Cornw all in the species ' distribu tion . It has ne ver been fou nd in Ireland . It lives amo ngst the roots of vege tation and un der litter an d ston es on mu d . A . p oeciloid es is a w in ged , sp ring breeder, foun d on the coasts of northern Europe from Germany to northe rn Spain, and at saline localities inland in south-east Europe.

Map 2 78 Sey balicus oblongi usculus ( D e je an , 18 29) RD B I Shirt ( 1987)

All records for this species are from the south coast of Dorset, with the last (unsu bstantiated) record from Portland Bill in 1951 (Allen 1989). Before th is , it had no t been recorded since 1926, and Shirt (1987) regards this forme r introd uction as 'p resumed extinct'. On the Continent S. oblong iuscu ld s is found only in France , the Iberian peninsula and the western Mediterranean , including North Africa.

146

Maps a nd sp e cies acco unts

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Map 279 D icbeir otr icbus gusta vi Crotch , 187 1

This common sp ecies, formerly calle d D .p ubescens (Paykull), is fou nd in saltmarshes all around the coasts of Britain and Irela nd, where it lives under vegetation and stones jus t above the high tide mark. The spe cies is variab le in colou r, w ith males being mainly black, females mostly pale brown . It breeds in summer, with larvae and some adults ove rwintering. It can fly readily, possibly accounting for occasional inland records . It occurs on th e coasts of northe rn Europe, from th e far no rth to central France , as w ell a s inland at saline lakes in central and eastern Europe .

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Map 280 D ich eir otri chus obsoletu s (D eje an , 18 29) Nationally Scarce (B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Like its congene r, D . obsoletus is a saltmarsh spe cies, but with a much more restricted distribution in sou th ern and easte rn England, from Cornw all to Lin colns hire . There are very few inland records . It do es not occur in Wales or Ireland, and no records have been received from Scotland , although Moore (1957b) and H y m a n and Parso ns (1992) record it from sou th Scotland , and the latter also from northeast Scotland , ap parently in error. This species has a similar biology to D . gustaui, the ir Euro pean ranges overlapp ing narrowly, as D . obsoletus exten ds south from The Netherland s along the western European coastline and around the Mediterranean . It is macropterous, and presumably capable of fl igh t.

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Maps and species accounts

14 7

M ap 28 1 Tr ic b o ce flus cog na t us (Gy l en hal, 18 27 )

Th is sp ecies is mo re or less restricted to Ca llu n a heath , usually on uplan d sand and pe at . It is common in the north of Britain, particu larly o n th e Pe nnin es and North York Moors, and local in Wales and Ireland . T. cog na tus is a macro p terous , w inter/ sp ring breeder, foun d on ly in th e north of Euro pe, includ ing Iceland and arctic Russia.

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• M ap 282 Tr ichoc e llu s p la c i d us (Gyllenhal, 1827)

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148

Maps and species accounts

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In contra st to T. cog na tus , this is mainly a lowland sp ecies, inhabiting marsh es , fens and damp w oodlands with abun dant litter. It occurs through out the United Kingd om , but p redom inantly in the east. The re are su rprisingly few reco rds from Wales , the sou th-west of England or Irelan d , but it has recently been fou nd for the first time on the Isle of Man (Luff 1996a) . Its biology is appare ntly similar to that of T cogna tus, but its distribution is w ider, covering most of central and northe rn Europ e.

Map 283 Br a dy c ell us c o lla r is (Paykull, 17 98)

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This is a mainly north ern species, inhabiting dry Ca llu m; heath o n sandy or gravell y so ils, occasionally also foun d on heaths in the south o f England . The re are a few scattered records from Irelan d . This sp ecies has a summer aestivation period , laying eggs both before and aft er the win ter, thro ugh which it remain s active . It is usu ally, but not always, brachyp terous, and is found through ou t most of Europ e. It is referred to by Lindroth (1985- 86) as B . ca u casicus (Chaudoir) .

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Map 284 Br a dy ce rlus es i kil Lac zo , 19 12 RDB3 Shirt ( 1987) RDB 1 Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992)

This spe cies, added to the British list by Lindroth (1972), was know n only from a single 19th century reco rd from Wo king , Surre y, until two recent specimens were coll ected at Ipsw ich , East Suffolk (Nash 1979) and in 1996 from Lakenheath , West Suff olk . This sp ecies is wing-dimorp hic, but little is kn ow n about its bio logy. The first Suff olk sp ecimen was found in moss on a heavy, chalky so il; the second was amongst a nu mb er of dark B rady cellu s specimen s occurring on a roads ide rubble heap at a site where the rare A m a ra j usca had earlie r been fou nd . B . cs ik ii has a very restricted cen tral Euro pean range , from The Neth erlands to Poland and Hu ngary, but may be sp reading. It has yet to be found in Ireland .

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Maps and species accounts

149

Map 285 Br a dy ce llu s d is t i nct u s ( Dejean , 1829) N at iona lly Scar ce (A ) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Recent records for this species are restricte d to sa ndy co astal sites in south and east Englan d from No rfolk to Devon , and sou th Lancash ire. There are older records from central southern Englan d , sou th Wales and th e west of Ireland, but these pro bably refer to B . sha tp i, w hich was form erly kn ow n as B . d istin ct us (sens u Fowler, see Sharp 1913) . B . d istin ct u s is no t inc lud ed on the mo st rece nt Irish checklist (Anderso n et a l. 1997) . On the Co ntinent, B . d istin ct us occurs on coasts from Ge rmany southw ard s around mu ch of the Med iterranean .

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Map 286

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This is a com mon species througho ut Britain and Ireland , fou nd in open cou ntry on sandy or pe aty heaths and grasslan d, and in some woods. It is w ing-dimorp hic, and breeds in late autumn , when mass fl ights can occur. Its range extends ove r most of Euro p e except th e far north, and it has been introduced in to North Ame rica.

Map 287 Br ady cetlus r uf icotli s ( Step h e ns , 1828)

This species inhabits Callu na heaths on mineral or organic soils in both Britain and Ireland. It occurs with B . collaris in the no rth , bu t has a wider and generally more southerly overall distribution tha n that sp ecies . In earlier wo rks it is referred to as B . s im ilis (Dejean) . B . rufi collis b ree ds in autu mn and very early sp ring, aes tivating in the summer. It is fully w inged, and occurs ove r most of Europe.

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Br ady ceilus sba rlyi Joy , 19 12

This species is recorded w idely from mo st of Englan d, Wales , Ireland and the west of Scotland , but records are mo st frequ ent from the south-eas t. It is fou nd amongst litter in sha ded habitats such as rank , tussoc ky grassland and w oodland , usually near w ater. The sp ecies w as refe rred to by Fowler (1887) as B . d istin ct us, causing confusion with the true d istin ct :is (Dejean), which was introduced as British by Sharp (1913). B . sh cop i is usually brachyp terous, but occasional full-w inged individu als have been foun d . Th e breedin g biology is not kn ow n . The species has a very restricte d continental distribution , occurring in northe rn France, Belgium and the sou the rn part of The Neth erlands .

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Maps and species accounts

I5 I

Map 289 Br a dy c e l u s v e r b a s c i (Duf ts c h m id, 18 12)

This is a wide ly distributed beetle in Britain and Ire land , th ou gh commo n only in the southe rn half of En gland . It is u su ally found on light soils in open situations, esp ecially on cultivated land . B . verbasci is a fully winged , autun m-breeding sp ecies w hich fl ies at du sk , and is oft en taken at light trap s. Its range extends thr oughou t centra l and w este rn Euro pe , re aching its northern limit in Scotland .

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Map 290 St eno lop b us mix tus (He rbst, 17 8 4) • 0•

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152

Maps and species accounts

In Britain this is ma in ly a south-eastern species , w ith

a few re cords from the southe rn half of Wales. There are also a few scattered records from the w est of Ireland , and it has recently (1993) be en discovered on the Isle of Man, bu t it does not occu r in Scotlan d. In earlier works it is call ed S. vesp ertinus (Panzer). S. mixtus lives in mo ist habitats such as win ter-fl ooded wood land , marshes and at the edge s o f pon ds , usu ally on clay . The sp ecies is a spring breeder that fl ies rea dily at night . It occurs througho ut Euro pe excep t the far north .

Map 29 1

St eno lop b u s s k r tms b i r a nu s Ste p h e n s , 18 28 Na t io na lly Scar ce (A ) Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992)

This species is foun d lor ally in fens , marsh es and well-vegetated lakesides in south ern and eastern England . Apart from occurrences at Woo dwalton Fen and from a garden pond in South Lin colnshire (Key 1996b), all recent records come from on or near the coast. S. skti mshiranus is a winged , spring-breed ing spe cies, found in central , sou the rn and weste rn Europe, altho ugh abse nt from Ireland

Map 292 St eno lop b us teu to nus ( Schran k, 17 8 1) Nat io nal ly Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992 )

S. teuton us inhabits damp , rather open grou nd near water, such as gravel pits and po nd margins . It is found only in southe rn England and south Wales, most recent reco rds coming from Hampshire, Surrey and Sussex. Hyman and Parsons (1992) also record it from th e east Midlan ds region, based on the Victoria County Histo ry record from Madingley, Cambridge shire. Like its congeners, S. teu ton us is a winged, sp ring bree der. It is found throughou t southern and central Europe, occurring no further north than England .

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4 Maps and spe cie s a cco unt s

153

Map 293 A cup a lp us b ru nnip e s ( Sturm , 18 25) Nat ionally Scarce (A ) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This ve ry local be etle occurs only in southern England , being recorded recently only from Dorse t. It does not occur in Ireland . It lives in moss an d litter on mud near w ate r, includ in g in saltmarshes. Sep aration of A . br u n n ip es from A . d u bius requ ires close exam ination , as the dorsal elytral punctures, lacking in A . bru n n ip es, can be ve ry diffi cult to se e in so me exampes of A . d u bius . A . bru n n ip es is a w inge d , sp ring bree der, occurring locally in north ern and w estern Euro pe, North Africa and Greece . Britain is at the no rthern limit of its range .

Map 294 Ac up a lp u s co nsp u tus ( Du ft sc h m id , 18 12) Nationally Scarce (B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) • 88 • •:

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154

Maps and species accounts

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This spe cies, previously placed in the genu s A n tbrac us, has a so uthern and eastern distribution in Britain , as far north as a line from Yorkshire to south Wales. There are also thre e records from Ireland , w here it w as fi rst fou nd in 1980 (An de rson 1981). It is found un der stones in shaded places on the edge of stan ding (usually stagn ant) water, especially if this dries up in the summer, and on the coast under litte r. A . co nsp u tus is win ged , breeds in the spring , and occurs across central and eastern Europe .

Map 295 A c up alp u s d a r s a lis (Fahric iu s , 1787 )

This widespread sp ecies is found as far north as sou th-w est Scotland, bu t is local th roughout its range, especiall y in th e n orth and west . Although it is on the Iris h list (Anderso n et at 1997) , no reco rds have been rec eived from tha t country; it has , however, recently be en found for the first time on th e Isle o f Man (Luff 1996a). It occurs in expo sed but da mp low land habitats on acid, peaty so ils, usually w ith abundant vegetation nearby . A . dorsa lis fl ies very readily, and bree ds in the sp ring. It is a very variable sp ecies , and confusion w ith related sp ecies such as A . eleg a t s (see Plant & Dra ne 1988) and A . f lavic ollis can occur. Its range cove rs the who le of Euro pe except the far north .

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Th is, the commonest sp ecies of the genus , is freq ue ntly fou nd amongst litter in ma rshy habitats as far north as Yorkshire, but seems to be extreme ly local or rare furthe r north tha n this. The re are very few Irish and Scottish rec ords . It has ofte n been referre d to as A . /u ric/us, and in Joy (1932) as A . lu tea tus Duftschrnid . It is a w inged , sprin g-bree ding spe cies, w ith a rathe r mo re localised European distribution tha n its cong eners, occurring in centra l northern Europe and occasional localities further south .

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Maps and species accounts

155

Map 297 A c up

atp us

e leg a ns ( D e je an , 18 29)

RD B I Shirt ( 1987) 'Ext inct' Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This sp ecies is p robab ly extinct in Britain. It used to occu r in co astal saltmarshes, w et fl ushe s and und ercliff s along the Th ames estuary , and was last fou n d in saltmarshes on the Isle of Grain , north Kent in 1952 (Whicher 1953) . A possible po pulation on the so uth coast of Englan d is now considered to be a fo rm of A . d orsa lis (Plant & Drane 1988), and all other recent reco rds are conside red to be erroneous (Hyma n & Parso ns 1992) . It has never been found in Ire lan d . On the Continent it is restricted to coastal an d saline habitats , mostly aroun d the Med iterranean.

Map 298 Acup a lp us ex ig u us D e je an, 18 29

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Nat ionally Scarce (B) Hyrnan and Parsons ( 1992)

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156

Maps and species accounts

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The distribution of this sp ecies is generally sim ilar to that of A . co nsp u tus, alth ough it has been fou nd slightly further north (Cumbria), and unlike that species has not be en recorded from Ireland . Deta ils of the north Wales record in Hyman and Parsons (1992) cann ot be foun d . The sp ecies occu rs in shaded marshy sites, usually on clay soils, and is also found on the coast in strandline debris and in saltmarsh es. It is winge d , and probably breeds very early in th e spring , so tha t adults are seldom fou nd after May. Its range exte nd s acro ss central and eastern Euro pe.

Map 299 Acup a lp us j la vic a li s ( Sturm , 18 2 5) Nat io na lly Scar ce (A) Hyrnan and Pars ons ( 1992) A very local species fou nd from Fa st Anglia to

Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly, recent records show a southe rly bias . Records given by Hyma n and Parsons (1992) for South Wiltsh ire and East Sussex since 1970 cannot be confumed , and the record fo r South-w est Yorksh ire is an erro r for A . d u bius. A .f lavicollis is not foun d in Wales Scotland or Ire land . It lives on river ba nks an d in gravel pits in fi ne silt-covered sand with sparse vegetation and some mosses, also sometimes in b ogs. A .f lavicollis is macrop terous spring-bree ding, and occurs thro ugh out central Europ e , with Britain near its weste rn li mit

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Map 300

Ac up a lp u s me r id ia nu s (Lin na eus , 17 61)

This sp ecies is common in the sou th ern half of England , bu t very local or absent elsew here . In Wales and the south -west it is usua lly coasta l, and it do es not occur no rth of mid-York shire. It is abse nt from Irelan d . It is the only me mber of the genus not closely tied to water, being found on op en , sunny gro un d , especially on clay or peat. It may occur on heavy arable land , and is esp ecially frequent in gardens in the Londo n are a. It bree ds in the spring , when it fl ies extremely rea dily. The species occurs across Europ e excep t the far no rth .

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Maps and species accounts

157

Map 30 1 Lic i nus d ep r e s s u s ( Pay k ul l, 1790) N at ionally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is is a pred ominantly south ern and easte rn sp ecies, occurring as far north as Du rham , and as far w est as the Gow er p eninsula on the sou th Wales co ast. The genus Lic in us does not occu r in Scotland or Ireland . L. d ep ressu s is a snail-feed er, occurring on dry, usually calcareous soils, in grassland or w oo dlan d , also in ch alk and gravel p its. It is brachypterou s an d autumn -breeding in Britain . It occurs acro ss Euro p e except the north and far south .

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Map 302 Lici nu s p u nct a t u lu s ( Fabri cius, 17 92) Nationally Scarce (A) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

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158

Maps and species accounts

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L. p u ncta tu lus has a similar bio logy to L d ep ress us, but is much more restricted in range tha n tha t species , now being found only in the south of England , often on the coast, w here the two species may co-exis t. This species' name w as mis-spelt on the Scheme recording card as p u n ct u latus, followin g Kloet and Hincks ( 1945) , and it ha s also been known as L. silp h oides (Eabricius) . Older reco rds extend north to Northamp tonsh ire and south Lincolnshire (Hyman & Parso ns 1992), although the record from Glamorgan in the same work is erroneou s, referring to L. d ep tr ssus. L.p u n cta tu lus has a south -western Eu rop ean distribution , extending to the western Mediterranean . It reaches its northern limit in Britain, and do es not occur east of Belgium .

Map 303 Ba lus t e r a no ma lus (Pe rris , 18 66) RD B I Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992) BA P ( 1495)

Th is ve ry /a re spe cies is recorded in Britain only fro m the south of Englan d from Kent to Dorset, with no recent reco rds further west than Sussex . In 1993 it was also discovered at Lou gh Gash, Co . Clare , Irelan d. Hanse n (1996) refers to it as B . colla ris Motschulsky . It occurs at the edges of water-filled sand and g rave l pits, and by sha ded ponds . It is a macropterous , spring breeder, fou nd locally in north-west Eu ro p e , the Balkans and the Middle East

•

Map 304 Ba d is t e r b ip us tu la t u s (Fab r iciu s , 179 2)

This is the most widespread me mber of the genu s, and the only one not associated w ith water. It occurs throughout mu ch of Britain and Ireland on open , dr y and oft en sandy soils, usuall y at low altitudes . In Scotland it is almost exclusively coasta l, being found on sand dunes and coastal grasslands The species fl ies readily, and bree ds in the sprin g. It occurs all ove r Europe except the far north . Acco rding to Lindroth (1985- 86) , the sp ecies shou ld be referred to as B . bu lla tus (Schrank) . The relate d continental B . lacertosus Sturm shou ld p erhap s also be looked out for in Britain (Lindroth 1972); it has a more truncate front margin to the black elytral markings, and the elytra are more strongly iridescent .

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4 Maps and species acco unt s

159

Map 305 Ba d is t e r d i ta t a t u s Ch au do lr , 18 37 N at ionally Scar ce (13) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

B . d ila tatus was first recognised as British only in

1927, and records of the closely related and similarly distributed B .peltatus prior to this date may in fact refer to the present species. Most records for B. dilatatus are from the south coast of England, but th ere are scattered occurrences north to Lincolnshi re in the east and Anglesey in the west, and in southern Ireland. It is found on mud or in lush vegetation beside standing freshwater. B . d ila tatus is w inged and spring-breeding. It occurs over most of w estern Europe.

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Map 306

Bu ett n e r me r td io na lis Pu e l, 19 23 RDB I/ Int er m ediat e Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This species was added to the British list (Lindroth 1972) on the basis of three old records, two from the Oxford area and one from Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire. There are confi rmatory recent records from Gloucestershire (Whitehead 1991), Otmoor in Oxfordshire and the west of Ireland (Speight 1976b). On the Continent it is found on open but firm soils near w ater, but it is less hygrophilous than B. un ip ustula tus. Its European distribution is uncertain, but there are scattered records from a number of central European countries.

160

Maps and species accounts

Map 307 Ba d is te r peltasus (Pan ze r, 179 7) Natio nally Scarce (A) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

Although th is sp ecies has a similar southern distribution and occup ies a similar wet habitat to B . d ila ta tus, it is mo re local than that species , w ith fewer records throu gho ut the occup ied are a. Older reco rds may we ll refer to B . d ilata tus. B . p eltatus was confi rmed as present in Ireland by Spe ight (1977), reco rds sugge sting that it is w idely distributed but very local there . On the Co ntinent, B . p elta tus is more wide spread than B . d ila ta tus, occurring across most of central and eastern Euro pe .

Map 308 Ba d is ter s a chil i c ( Du fts ch m id, 18 12)

This sp ecies is widesp read in England, more sp arin gly distribute d in Wales and Ireland , and in Scotland restricted to the sou th-w est. It is foun d in damp areas w ith abun dant litter w ithin w ood land on clay so ils . It is a w in ged , springbreed ing species , fou nd throu ghout much of Europ e except the far no rth .

4 Maps and species accounts

16 1

Map 309 Ba d is te r u nip u s t ula t u s Bo nelli, 1813 N at io na lly Sc arce ( B) Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992)

Th is sp ecies occurs in southern and easte rn England as far no rth as Yorkshire , and in south Wales . The re are Irish records from Co . Kerr y (Speight et a l. 1982) . It occu rs in fen s and w et, marshy w oo dlands , usually in litter near standing water or hibern ating under bark . B . u n ip us tu lat us is w inged , an d p ossibly breeds in summer, rather later than other Ba d tster sp e cie s . Its ran ge extends across mo st of Euro p e .

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Map 3 10 P a nag a e us bip us tu la tus (Fabricius , 1775) N at io na lly S ca rce ( B) Hyman and Pa rsons ( 1992 )

162

Maps and species accounts

This is a local species of dr y, sandy or calcareous grasslands and dun es , found also in sand, chalk and gravel p its. It occurs over most of sou thern England, sou th Wales and Eas t Anglia, and locally north to Yorkshire . It is not reco rded from Ireland or Scotland . This sp ecies used also to be called P . q ua d np us tu la tus Sturm . P . bip ustulatu s is a w in ged , spring breeder, occurring across Europ e except the far no rth and south .

M ap 3 11 P a na g a e ns c r u x m aJo r (Lin na eus, 1758) RDB2 Shirt ( 1987) RDB I Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

This rare spe cies use d to occur locally in marshes and fens throu gho ut so uth and east England and in Ireland, bu t the m are o nly four recent records, from Galw ay, western Ireland (Speigh t et al. 1982), south Wales Lincolnshire and Yorkshire . Habitats include the area around a dun e slack pond , and coastal saltmarsh grassland . As far as is kn own , P. cru xmaj or is a w in ged, spring-b ree ding species. It occurs through ou t centra l and so uthern Europe to the Midd le East and North Africa, but is known to be decreasing elsewhere in the no rth of its range.

M ap 3 12 Cb la e ni us nig r ic or nis (Fabricius, 1787) Nationally Scarce ( B Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This is a widesp read species in Englan d, Wales and Ireland , bu t no records have been received from Scotland . Most recent records have tend ed to come from the w est of the spe cies' range , especially from Wales and the Severn region . It lives in marsh es, wet grassland , moorland and mires, and in coastal litter. Th ere is a red-legged variety, melanocorra s Dejean, w hich occurs alongside the usua l form . The spe cies is a w inged , spring breeder, occurring ove r most of Euro pe.

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4 Maps and species accounts

163

Map 3 13 Clil a e ni us ni t i d ulu s (Sc hran k, 17 81) RDB I Shirt ( 1987) , Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is sp ecies (also referred to as C. scb ranki (Du ftschmid)) has been reco rded on ly once this ce ntury, from Do rset in 1930 , and is now presume d to be extinct . It w as kn ow n in the previous century from the Isle of Wigh t and Eas t Su ss e x ( Fow le r 18 87 ) . It o ccu rs over mu ch o f Euro pe north to southern parts of Scandin avia, be in g found usu ally on o pen , sunny gro u nd near water It has never be en fou nd in Irelan d .

Map 3 14 Cb ta enius t r is t is (Sc haller, 1783) RDB I Shirt ( 1987), Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

The on ly record of this endange red species valid for th is Atlas is from north Wales (Shirt 1987) where it still occurs (Hod ge 1998), although there have also be en two occurrences in the west of Ireland (Speight 1977) . There are 19th cen tury records from the fens and bogs of eastern England , but the sp ecies w ou ld now seem to be extinct in that are a. Subfossil specimens are reco rded from Somerset (Duff 1993). C. tristis li ves in dense vegetation , mo ss and tussocks on very wet ground . It is a sp ring bree der, and is believed to hibernate far from w ater, so presumably dispersal fl ight occurs. It is fou nd ove r most of Euro pe except the far no rth . Old records refer to it as C. bolasericeus (Fabricius).

16 4

Ma ps a nd spe cies acc o unt s

Map 3 15 Cb la e ni us v es t tt us (Paykull , 17 9 0) Th is sp ecies is w ide sp read in th e so uth of Englan d an d Wal es , b ut co nfme d to a few co as tal reco rds no rth of the Hu mb e r, exce pt for a rece nt inlan d fm d at Wh eld rake Ing s, south-ea st Yo rksh ire . It is ap p are ntly w ide sp read at least in th e w es t o f Irela n d , b ut it is not kn own from Sco tland . It o ccurs in cla y or mu d at th e edges of po n d s, lak e s an d rive rs , w h ere it hides in cra cks du rin g the day . C vestitus is w inged and sp ring-b reed ing . It is fou n d th roughou t Euro pe (e xcep t th e far no rth ) to North Africa and the Middle East

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3 Map 3 16 Ca lli s t us lu na t us (Fabricius , 177 5) RDB I Shirt ( 1987), Hyman and Parsons (1992) Alth o ugh th is very d istinctive species h as been reco rded from ch alk dow nlan d in south-east Englan d fro m Ken t to Be rksh ire , there has o nly b ee n o ne re ce n t re co rd , an d th e species ma y now be ex tinct . It h as n ev er b ee n fou nd in Wales, Scotland or Ire lan d . It is a ma cro p terous, sp ring-b reeding sp ecies, occu rring throu ghout central an d south ern Euro p e.

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Maps and species acco unt s

16 5

Map 3 17

Oo d e s b e lop io id e s ( Fab ric lu s 17 9 2) Nat io na lly Sca rce ( B) Hyman and Par sons ( 1992)

Th is beetle is w idesp rea d but local th roughou t southern England and sou th Wales, becoming rare in the north . It is no t recorded from e ithe r Scotland or Ire lan d . It is found at the ma rgins of well-vegetate d lak es, slow rivers and fens, and is active underwater as w ell as on the margina l mud . 0 . helop ioides can fl y , an d breeds in the sp ring/ summer. Its range exte nds through ou t Europe except the far north .

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Map 3 18 Od a ca nt b a me la nu r a ( Lin n ae us , 17 6 7) N at ionally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

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16 6

Ma ps and spe cie s acco unt s

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This spe cies occu rs in th e sou th of Englan d and Wales, usually on or near th e coast bu t also in inland fens . It is absent from Scotland and Ireland . It is associated with ree d be ds and can be fou nd sh eltering in fl oating h eaps of dead ree ds , or in ree d ste ms, w here the new ly eme rged adults overwinter. 0 . nwla n u ra is a w inge d , sp ring breeder, occurring th roughout most of Eu rope sou th of sou thern Scandinavia.

Map 3 19 Ma s o r e us w e u e r b a M ( Gyile n hal, 18 13) Nat ional ly Scarc e (A) Hyrnan and Parsons ( 1992)

This very local sp ecies occurs ma inly on the coast , be ing found in san dy or gravelly sites such as dunes and shingle from the Humb er to Cornw all, b ut absent from Wales , Scotland and Ireland . It also occu rs in land on d ry heaths in Norfolk, w he re it shelters un der Calluna . M . wenerballi is wingdimo rphic, although usually brachypterous, and bree ds in the autu mn . It is found in mu ch o f no rth and western Europe, and around the Mediterranean .

Map 320 Le bi a cb lo r o cep b a la (Ho ffm an ns e gg , 18 03) Nat io nally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This species is widely distributed over most of England and Wales , but very few records have been received from Scotland , althou gh acco rding to Crowson and Crow son (1963) it used to occur thro ughou t the Scottish lowlands in th e last century. It is on the Irish list, but no records have been rece ived . L. cblorocep ha la is found in both wet and dry habitats, from rough , tussocky vegetation or open grassland to w oo dland (usually near water). It can be swep t from vegetation in the evenings. L. chloro cep ba la is a spring/ summer breeder, who se larvae are ectoparasitic on pupae of Chtysolina species (Lindroth 1954) and possibly other Chryso me lidae . The develop me nt is extremely rap id , so that adu lts can occur at almost any time of year. It occurs over most of Eu ro p e exc e pt at the far north and south .

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Maps and species acco unt s

16 7

Map 32 1 Le b ia c n a m ino r ( Lin na eus , 17 58)

RD B I Shirt ( 1987), Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is sp ecies is no w kn ow n only from a few sites in so uthern England and Ireland , although it used to exte nd in to south Scotlan d (Fow ler 1887) . Localities from which recent records have been rece ived in clud e east Cornwall and East Sussex in Eng lan d, and Co . Clare (MacKechnie Jarvis 1972) and Co . Fermanagh in Ireland . It has been fou nd in dr y meadow s, and the likely larval host is the chrysom elid Ga leru ca ta n a ceti (Linnaeus) . L. crux m in or is macropterou s, probably summerbreeding, and has a very wide distribution from w estern Europe to Ja pan .

Map 322 Le bi a cy a no c ep b a la (Lin naeu s , 17 58) RDB I Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

This species is rarer eve n than the last, w ith only one recent record , from Thursley Common, Surrey, in 1997. Previou sly the most recent record was from Chip stead , also in Surrey, in 1951. Older records extend no rth to the Isle o f Man (Fowler 1887 ; Britten 194 3) b u t n o t to Ireland . L. cy a n ocep ha la occurs on open , dry sites on san d or gravel, and is usually fou nd amongst p lants such as Compositae . Biological details are no t kn own , but it is distributed across central and so uthern Europ e .

168

Maps and species accounts

Map 323 D eme t r ta s a t r ic ap i llu s ( Lin na e us , 17 58 )

This ge nus is so metimes referred to as Risop bil u sin earlier works. D . a tricap illus is a very commo n species in the south and eas t of England , bu t more local and usua lly coastal in northe rn England and Wales . It is also local in Ireland , bu t abse nt from Scotland . It occurs on dry, open grassland, waste gro und , coastal dunes and arab le fields, and can often be foun d overwin tering in grass ruscor ks . In cereal fi elds it is a valuable preda tor on aphids, climbing the vegetation at night to feed . The sp ecies fl ies rea dily, and is a spring b reeder. It occurs througho ut Euro pe except the no rth .

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Map 324 D e me t r ia s imp e r ial's ( Ge rm ar , 18 24 ) Nat ionally Sca rce (B) Hyrnan and Parso ns ( 1992)

This spe cies use d to be more or less confme d to the East Anglian fens and Thames marshes, living among tall plants such as rushe s (J u n cus spp .), gro w ing in water. In the last 30 years, how ever, its range has exp anded considerab ly, and it is now reco rded throughout much of south-east England , in ree d beds and floo d litte r. It is ab sent from Wales , Scotland and Ireland. D . imper ialis is a macropte rous , spring-breeding species, found acro ss cen tral Europe and North Africa; it is also increasin g in Belgium.

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4 Maps and species accounts

I6 9

Map 325 D em et r ios mo nostig ma Sam o uelle, 18 19

N at ional ly Scar ce ( B) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is primarily southe rn species occu rs locally aro und the coast from Yorksh ire to Wales , though it may also occu r inland . It is not rec orded from either Scotlan d or Irelan d . It lives amongst plant litte r, both on dunes an d in other wet habitats su ch as fen s . The sp ecies is a brachyp terous, sp ring bree der, occu rrin g acro ss mo st of Euro p e. It w as formerly kn ow n as D . u n ip u ncta tus (Ge rmar) .

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Map 326 D r omi us ne tts (Fabriclus, 1787 )

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170

Maps and species accounts

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Although this species is widespread and not u ncommon ove r most of Britain, it is no t know n from Irelan d . It is on e of a grou p of arbore al sp ecies, fou nd in bo th coniferous and deciduou s w oodlan d, living on trees during the sp ring and su mmer whe n it bree ds , and ove rwintering at the base of tree trunk s. It is full-winged , and occurs across Europe exce pt the far south . A two -spotted form, bima cu la tus Dejean , occu rs with the normal, unico loured form.

Map 327 D r o m fu s a ng u mu s Br ull e, 18 34

This is a more localise d sp ecies tha n th e related D . ag ilis and D mericliona 4 fou nd ma inly in th e east fro m the Scottish Highlands to the so uth coast of England. The re is a single Welsh record but it is absen t from Ireland. D . a ng ustus is usually asso ciated with pin es , and possibly other conifers . The sp ecies is summer-breed ing (alth ou gh adults may be found throughou t the year), and has a rath er limited continental distribu tion centred on France , Germany and adjacent coun tries .

Map 328 D r o m i us line a r is ( Ol iv ie r , 17 9 5)

This sp ecies is w idely distributed in Britain , bu t is usually coastal in the no rth . The re are only a few , scattered Irish records. It lives in dry, tusso cky grasslands and on coastal dunes. D . lin ea ris prob ably breeds throughout the year, and can be found by swee pin g at night, when th e beetles climb vegetation to fee d . Larvae have been found w ithin the dry, dead stems of cock's-foot (Da cry lis g lom erata) (Luff 1966) . This species is usu ally brachyp tero us, but winged individuals have occasionally been found both in Britain and on the Continent . It occurs across central and western regions of Europ e.

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Maps and species acco unt s

17 1

Map 329 D r o m i u s lo ng icep s De je an , 18 26 RD B2 Shirt ( 1987) N at io na lly Scarce (A ) Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is is a very local species, restricte d to a few sites in th e east of England from Yorkshire to south Esse x, although there are subfossil reco rds from Somerset (Duff 1993) . It is ab sent from Wales , Scotland and Ireland . It occurs in fens, marshes and reed be ds , and also o n the coast un der tu fts of ve getation . D . long icep s is a full-w inged , sp ring breeder, although the larvae have been fou nd w ithin th e stems of rushes in w in ter. It is a ce ntral European species w hose range is possibly exp anding.

•

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Map 330 us m e la no cep h a tus D e jea n , 18 2 5

•

A common sp ecies of dr y grassland and dun es, its

tickj . pa s

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Afiem cf.

17 2

Ma ps a nd sp ecies acc o unts

sal •

distribution is very similar to th at of D . lin ea ris, w ith w hich it often co-exists . D . m ela n ocep h a lus is mo re local in the north th an D . lin ea ris, ho wever, w ith on ly scatte red Scottish records . It is ap parently widesp read in Ireland . The species is a winged , spring bree der, fou nd in centra l and western Euro pe , but ab se nt in the east except aro un d the Mediterranean .

Map 33 1 D r o m i u s ine r td i o na li s D e jea n , 18 2 5

This arboreal sp ecies is widespread in Eng land and Wales , w here it is found mostly on deciduous trees . The re are recen t reco rds from the east and no rth of Ireland , but the re are few recent Scottish records . The b imaculate form is d iscus Puel. D . me rid iona lis is winged, summer-breeding , and has a strongly western European distribution .

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•1

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••• • • • %F.

Map 332 D r o nd u s no ta tu s Ste p h e n s , 1 8 27 0

This primarily coastal spe cies, often kn own as D . n tg riven tris Thomson , is loca lly common ove r much of Britain, especially the eastern coasts of northern England and Scotland , and the south of East Anglia . It is widesp read in Ireland. It occurs in dune vegetation where , in less expose d areas, it may co-exist with D . m ela n ocep ha lus and D . lin ea ris. 13 . n ota tus is usually brachyp terou s, but winged specime ns sometimes occur. It is found througho ut Europ e except the far north and east .

8 8

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Maps and species accounts

173

Map 33 3 D r omi us qua d r ima cula tu s ( LI nnaeus, 17 58)

This arboreal, predatory species is common and w idesp read thro ugh out Britain and mu ch of Irelan d . It is fou nd ma inly on deciduou s trees, but also so metimes on co nifers, overwinte ring at th e base of the tree trun ks . D . qu a d rim a cu la tus is su mmer-bree ding and macropte rou s, occu rring th rough out Europ e . •

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Map 334 D r omi us qu ad r tnotatus ( Z en lcer l n Pa nz er ,

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174

Maps and species accounts

• o l

•r •

•

This arboreal spe cies is , usually (but not exclusively) found on conifers. Although widely distribu ted , it is generall y less common than D . q ua d rim a cu latus, w ith very few Irish reco rds . The species is a full-winged , summer breeder, which overwinters under flakes of bark near the bases of tree trunk s. It is fou nd throughout most of Europ e . Lindroth (1986) refe rs to it as sp ilotus (lll iger).

Map 335 D r o m i us g u m i r is ig na tu s D e je an , 18 2 5 RDB3 Shirt ( 1987) RDB I Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

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This is by far th e rar es t of the fou r-sp o tted , arbo rea l D ro m iu s spe cie s, w ith only scattered reco rds fro m sou th and central Englan d and eastern Sc otlan d . It doe s not occu r in Ire lan d . It is fou n d on d ecidu o us trees an d shr ubs, an d am o ng twigs an d d ea d w oo d o n the grou nd . It is full-winge d , and p ro bably a sp ring/ summe r bree d er , o ccurring in cen tral an d south ern Eu rop e .

Map 336 D r o m iu s s ig m a ( Ro s s i, 17 9 0 ) RD B2 Shirt (1987)

Nat ionally Scarce (A ) Hyman and Parsons (1992) BA P (1995)

Th is is a ver y local sp ecie s fou nd in w et hab itats such as m arshes, fen s an d flooded gravel pits . Rece nt reco rds are mostly from cen tral an d easte rn Englan d , b ut older re cords show that th is spe cies w as on ce more w ide ly d istribu ted in East Anglia, an d as far n orth as Cumberlan d (Fow ler 1887) . It is ab se nt fro m Wales, Sco tland and Irelan d . Th e sp ecies is pro bab ly sp ring-b reed ing , and w ing d imorp hic, alth ough o n ly brac hyptero us specimens h ave b een fou nd in Brita in . Its range ex ten ds ove r mo st o f Eu ro pe .

Maps and species accounts

17 5

Map 337 D r o m iu s ve cte ns i s Ry e , 187 2 RD B3 Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

Th is rare sp ecies is fou nd along the south coast of England , from Kent to Cornwall, w here it occurs on partly vegetated dr y sand o r shingle . It is absent from Wa les , Scotland and Ireland . The sp ecies is brachyp terous , probably spring-bree din g, and on the Continent is app arently restricted to the no rth and w est of France .

Map 338 M ic r o le s te s Fr:a u n t s ( Sturm , 18 27)

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This species, on e of the smallest British carabids , is commo n in the sou th and east of Englan d , bu t is not recorded north of Yorkshire. In Wales, it is a local, coastal species, an d it is abse nt from Irelan d. It lives in dr y soils with some litter, oft en with shade fro m vegetatio n. M . ma u rus breeds in the spring, and probably can no t fl y as the wings are only mo derately develop ed . Its range exte nds over most of Europe, althou gh it is ab sent from mu ch of Scandinavia. The genus was formerly referred to as B lechn ts.

176

Maps and species account s

Map 339 M ic r o te s t es m i nu t ulu s ( Go e ze , 17 7 7)

Th is recent intro duction to Britain w as rus t found in Suff olk in 1976, although it went u nreco gn ise d until anothe r spe cimen was coll ected and correctly ide ntified from Essex in 1995 (Eversha m & Coll ier 1997) . It has since been found in several scattered coa stal localities in the sou th-east of England , usually in co astal litter . The lik ely existen ce of this sp ecies in Britain was postulated by Lindroth (1972) . Like M . ma urus it is sp ring-breeding , but u nlike tha t sp ecies it is w inged and can presu ma bly fl y. It also has a more w idespread European distribution.

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Map 340 Met ab le tu sf o r ea t us ( Fo urcro y , 17 8 5)

This is a common and widespread sp ecies in Englan d which , lik e many oth er south ern and easte rn species, becomes in creas in gly confin ed to the coasts in the north and west. Its range exte nds as far as Scotland in the north, and to Irelan d . It is foun d in d ry, sandy heaths and grassland , coastal dunes, and some times on arab le land and in gardens. On the Continent, the genus is oft en refe rred to as Sy n tom us. This beetle is diurnal, sp ring-bre ed ing, and does no t fl y. It is found ove r most of Europe excep t the far no rth .

Maps and species accounts

I 77

M ap 34 1 M e ta b le t u s o bs c u r og u tt a t u s (Duftschni ld, 1812) Th is sp ecies is re stricted to th e sou th of Engla nd an d W ales , w ith mo st re co rd s co m ing fro m th e e as t o f its ran ge . It is no t fou n d in Ire lan d . It inhab its m oss an d litter o n h eav y so ils an d in da mp situ atio ns . Alth o ug h it is n o rm ally macu late , th ere is a p lain form , a tratus D ejean . M . obscu rog uttatus is M I-w ing ed an d p ro b ab ly sp ring-b reeding , w ith a sou the rn Eu ro p ean d istribu tion . It p ro b ab ly re ach es its n or thern lim it in Britain .

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M ap 34 2 Me tab le t us t r u nc a t ellu s (Lin n ae us , 17 6 1)

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178

Maps and species accounts

•

An eastern sp ecie s , reco rded fro m the Isle of May in Sco tland southw ards to southern England it is mo stly ab se n t fro m th e sou th co ast. Th e 19th ce ntur y Sco ttish re co rd fro m Cra mo n d w as co n side re d erro n eou s by Fow le r (1887) . Th ere are a few , co astal We lsh reco rd s, an d two Irish reco rds fro m Du b lin (Speigh t et al. 1982) . It o ccu rs o n o p en gro u n d , b ut is less xerop hilou s th an M . f oveatus , b eing fou nd in fi elds , o p en w o odlan d an d grasslan d . M . tru ncatellus is w ingd imorp hic, sp rin g-b reeding , an d o ccu rs o ve r most o f Euro p e .

Map 343 Li ony cbus quad ri llu m ( D uf ts c h m id , 18 12) RD B3 Shirt ( 1987), Hyman and Parsons ( 1992) BA P ( 1995)

Th is very local species has been fou nd from so uthw est England northwards to Yorks hire , but recent records are all from the south-west, East Anglia and especially Wales (Fowles 1989; Fowles & Boyce 1992). There are no Irish records . L. quad ri ll um lives in shingle and sand near water, bo th by rivers and on the coast. It is a full -winge d, spring breeder, found in central Europe, and is know n to be spreading in Scand inavia.

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Map 344 Cy mi ndis ax illa r is ( Fab ric iu s , 17 9 4) Nat io nally Scarce (A ) Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992) A local sp ecies, found in south ern and eastern

England north to the Humb er, most recent record s come from the Breckland region of East Anglia. The re is a single old reco rd from south Wales, but non e from Scotland or Irelan d . It lives in dry, ope n habitats such as calcareous grassland , sandy heaths and shingle banks. The sp ecies is a w inged , spring breeder, found across sou thern Europe and North Africa. It is at its northern limit in Britain .

Qif

Maps and spe cies acco unt s

17 9

Map 34 5 Cy m i neli s ma c u la r is Fis ch e r v o n Wald h e im , 1821 RD B I Hyman and Parso ns ( 1992)

Th is sp ecies was origina l y ide ntified from a stone curlew (B u rh in u s oed ic n em us) pellet collected near Icklin gh am in the Suff olk Brecklan d in 1980 (Hammo nd 1982) . Since th en , an earlier example has come to light , coll ected in 1966 at Barton Mills (also in Breckland) , and discove red by Williams (1984) . It has now also been taken near The tford (Hym an & Parsons 1992) . On the Continent this is a w ing-dimorp hic, autum n-b reeding species, in habiting su nn y and open san dy grassland . It has a northe rn and eastern distribution , being recorded just on ce in France .

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Map 34 6 Cy mb utis v ap o r a r io r u m (Lin n ae us , 17 58 )

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180

Maps a nd sp e cies acc o un t s

Nationally Scarce ( B) Hyman and Parsons (1992)

In contrast to its congeners, C. vap ora rioru m is a no rthern , bo reo-montane sp ecies, fou nd in Scotland , no rthern England and north Wales. In the last century it was know n from Cannoc k Chase , Staff ordshire (Fow ler 1887), and the re is a subfossil record from Somerset (Duff 1993). Only th ree records (all p re-1970) have been received from Ireland . It occurs in Sp hagn u m bogs and wet peat moorland , bu t also on more sandy soils in areas of high rainfall. C vap orarioru m is w ing-dimorphic , and prob ably sum mer-breeding . In Europ e it is fou nd across the no rth to the Arctic, and in mountainous regions in the south .

Map 347 Poli sticbus co nne x us ( Fo u rc ro y , 17 8 5) RDB2 Shirt ( 1987), Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This rare species (formerly know n as Po ly stich u s vitta tus Brune) occurs in southern and eastern England , usually on or near the coast, but is absent from Wales , Scotland and Ireland Its typical habitat is the bas e of cliff s ne ar w ater, where it lives in undercliff rubble, but it has also bee n taken on clay by rivers, at the roots of trees (Donisthorpe 1939) and in dam p patches on sandy heaths , in clud ing recently on Wimb ledon Co mmon (Henderson 1991) . P. co n n ex us is full-win ged , an d has been caught in light trap s. It pro bably bree ds in th e spring/ summer, and has a southe rn and western European range.

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'3 Map 348 D ryp ta d ent a ta ( Ro s si, 17 9 0) RD B I Shirt (1987), Hyman and Parsons ( 1992)

This species is know n onl y from the south coast of England , from Kent (altho ugh not this century) to Dorset. The only recent records are from the Isle of Wight and Dorset , where it occurs in stable, vegetated coastal sand or silt near freshw ater seepages. D . d en ta ta is winge d , and probably bree ds in the sp ring . It occurs in southern an d western Euro pe (b ut not Ireland) , and is at its northern limit in Britain.

4 Maps and species accounts

18 1

Map 349

B r a c h i n u s cr ep it a ns ( Li n n a e u s , 17 5 8 ) N at ionally Scarce (B) Hyman and Parsons (1992)

This species, the 'Bombardier beetle', occurs across southern England and into south Wales, most recent records being coastal. Although there are many old inland records, more recent ones are confined to the Cotswolds and Northamptonshire limestone, and th e boulder clay of Fluntingdonshire. B . crep itans w as removed from the Irish list by Speight et al. (1982). Its typical inland habitats are calcareous grassland, chalk quarries and amble field margins; on the coast it is found on undercliffs, sea w alls and under shingle. B . crep tansbreeds in the summer, its larvae being ectoparasiti c on the pupae of other beetles, including Hydrophilidae, Staphylinidae and possibly other Carabidae. The species is winged, and fl ies readily It is found across central and southern Europe, and in North Africa. The generic name is sometimes mis-spelt B rachy nus . • o

182

Maps and species accounts

• •

8 c olci 10 • e • 8

REFEREN CES Ale x a n d e r , K.N.A. 1993. Ob se rva tions from an Irish mo u ntain su mmit. Coleop teri st, 2 , 42- 44 . Alle n , AS 1950a . A se co nd English ca pture o f Trech us su bnotatus Dej. (Co l., Cara bida e) . En tom olog ist 's Mon thly Mag az i ne , 86 , 38. Alle n, AS 1950b . Tw o sp ecies o f Carab ida e (Col.) new to Britain . En tom olog ist 's Mon thly Mag az ine, 8 6 , 89- 92. Alle n , AS 1956. A ma ra cu rsita n s Zim m . (Co l., Carab ida e) new to Britain . En tom olog ist 's Mon thly Magaz i ne, 9 2 , 215- 216. All e n , AS 1965. Ha rp a lus h onest us Du ft . (Co l., Cara bida e) con firme d as British . En tom olog ist 's M on thly Magaz ine, 100 (1964) , 155- 157. Alle n , AS 1977. Ag on u m g racilip es Du ft . (Co l. Cara b ida e) in Susse x , an d its deletio n from the Iris h list . En tom olog ist 's Record a n d Jou rna l of Va ri a tion, 89 , 343- 344. All e n , AS 1985. B rach in us sclop eta F. (Col.: Carabida e) : two ca ptures in the p resen t century. En tom ologist 's Record a n d Jou rna t of Va ria tio n, 97 , 137- 139. Alle n , AS 1989 . Th e last British cap ture o f Scy ba licus oblong ius cu lus Dej. (Col.: Cara b ida e)? En tom olog ist 's Record a n d Jou rn a l of Va ri a tion, 10 1 , 108. Alle n, AS 1991. O n the se p aratio n o f Pa trobus a tro ruf us Stro m and P. assim ilis Chaud . (Col., Carab ida e) . En tom olog ist 's Record a nd Jou rna l of Va ria tion , 103 , 7 1- 72. An derso n , J .M. 1972 . Food -and fee d ing o f Notiop h ilus biguttatus F. (Co leop te ra: Carab ida e) . Revu e Ecolog ie B iolog ie d u Sol, 9 , 177- 184. An ders o n , IL 1981. Cole o p te ra from the Burre n , in clu d ing A cup a lp us consp u tus fi u fts .) an d Bem bidionf u m ig a tu m (Dufts.) (Ca rab ida e) new to Irelan d . En tom olog ist 's Mon thly Magaz ine, 116 ( 1980) , 138. An ders o n , IL 1985 . Ag on u m lug ens (Duftsch mid ) new to the British Isles (Col., Cara bida e) . En tom olog ist 's Mon th ly Magaz in e, 121 , 133- 135. An de rs o n , IL 1993 . Ru fmism in Irish Pterostich us rag rita (Paykull) (Co l., Cara bida e) . Entom olog ist's M on thly Magaz ine, 129 , 122.

An de rso n, IL 1996 . Late summ e r emergen ce o f Ag o n u m lug ens (Du ft schmid) (Ca rab ida e) in th e Burre n , Ire lan d . Coleop terist, 4 , 87 . An ders o n , fL 1997 . A second Iris h lo cality for Ag on u m livens (G yllen ha l) (Carab ida e) . Coleop terist, 5 , 76 . An derso n , IL & Luff , M.L 1994 . Ca lath us cin ct us Mots chu lsk y, a sp ecies o f the Ca la th us m ela nocep ha lusi m ollis co mp lex (Col., Carab ida e) in th e British Isles . En tom olog ist 's Mon th ly Magaz ine, 130 , 131- 135. An ders o n , R. & Meh a r g , M. 1989 . A th ird site fo r (Coleo p te ra, Carab ida e) in Trech u s rivu la ri s Ireland . En tom olog ist 's Monthly Mag az ine, 125 , 4 . An der so n , R., Nas h , IL & O'Co n n o r, J .P. 1997 . Iris h Cole op tera . A rev ised and ann o tated list. Irish Na tu ralists j ou rn a l Sp ecia l En tom olog ica l Supp lem en t, 1- 8 1. An drew es , H.E. 1939 . Th e ge n eric names o f th e British Carab ida e , w ith a ch eck list of the British sp ec ies . Th e g en er ic n a m es of B ri tis h In sec ts, 6 , 153192. Lo nd o n : Royal Ento mological So cie ty. An o ny m o us . 1927 . Rep o rt o f th e Ho n . Secreta ry, 1926. Tra ns action s of th e Lincolns h ire Na tu ralists ' Un ion , 6 , 105- 107. Ap p leto n , D . 1970 . Pterostich u s a terrim us (He rb st) (Co l., Cara b ida e) in th e New Fore st. En tom olog ist 's M on thly Magaz ine, 10 5 (1969), 179. Ar n d t , ÂŁ 1991. Familie Carab ich e . In : D ie La rve n d er Kaj er M itteleu rop a s, B a nd 1, A d ep hag a , ed ited by B. Klau snitz er , 45- 141. Krefe ld: B. Go eck e & Eve rs . Atty , D .B. 1983 . Coleop tera of Glou cestersh ire. Cheltenham . Privately p ub lished . Auke m a, B. 1990 . Taxo no my, life histo ry an d d istrib utio n of thre e clo se ly related sp ecie s o f th e ge nus Ca lath us (Coleop tera: Carab ida e). Tildsch nj ? voor En tom olog ie, 13 3 , 121- 141. Bas s ett, P. 1978 . Dama ge to w int er ce re als by Za b rus ten ebrioid es (Go eze) (Co leo p te ra : Cara bida e) . Pla n t Pa tholog y, 27 , 48 . Ba uer, T . 1974 . Etholog ische, au to ko log isch e u n d o ko physiolo gis che Untersu chu ngen an Elap h ru s cup reus DF T. u n d Elap h rus np a riu s L. (Cole op tera , Carab ida e) . Oecolog ia (Berlin) , 14 , 139- 196.

References

18 3

Bau er , T. 1985. Beetles w hich use a se tal trap to

hunt sp ringtails: the hun ting strategy and apparatus of Le is tus (Coleopte ra, Carab ida e) . Ped obiolog ia, 28 , 275- 287. Ba ue r, T. & Kre dle r , M. 1988. Adhesive

Cro s sley , R. & No rri s , A. 1975. B ernbid ion h u me rale Sturm (Col., Carab idae) new to Britain. En tom ologist 's M on thly Magaz in e, 111 , 59- 60.

mo uthparts in a ground beetle larva (Coleoptera, Carab ida e) Loricera p ilicorn is F. and the ir fun ction du ring p redation . Z oolog ischer A n z etger,, 2 2 1 , 145156 .

Cro w so n , RA . 1942. Leistus ruf oma rg ina tus Du ft . (Col., Carab idae) new to Britain. En tom olog ist 's M on thly Magaz in e, 78 , 281- 282.

Bla ir, K .G . 1933. Dy sch iriu s lu ed ersi Wagn . in Britain. En tom olog is t 's M on thly M ag az in e, 69 , 151-

Cro w so n , R A. 1980. Coleop te ra from Ailsa Craig . En tom olog ist 's Mon thly Magaz ine , 1 16 , 43 44.

152.

Cro Ws o n , R A. & Cro w so n , EA . 1963.

Bla ir , K.G . 1950 . Some northe rn British Co leo pte ra, inc luding Ne bri a n iva lis Payk ., a carab id species not hitherto kn ow n from Britain . En tom olog ist 's M on thly M ag az in e, 86 , 219- 220.

Observations on insects and arachnids from the Scottish south coast. Gla sgow Na tu ralist, 18 , 228232.

Bo e r, P .J . de n . 1965. Exte rn al characters of siblin g sp ecies Trech us obtus us Er. and T. q ua d ristriatus Schrk . (Coleo ptera) . Tif ds ch nft vo or En tom olog ie, 10 8 , 219- 239. Bo e r, Pj . de n . 1977. Disp ersal pow er and survival. Carabids in a cultivated cou ntryside M iscella n eo us Pap ers, La n d bou wh ogesch ool Wag e n ing en , 14 , 1- 190 .

D aw so n, J.F. 1854. Geod ep hag a B ri ta n n ica.

London : van Yoorst. D aw so n , N. 196 5. A comp arative study of the ecology of eight species of fenland Carabida e (Coleoptera) . Jou rna l of A n im a l Ecology , 34 , 2993 14 . D ay , K.R. 1987. The species and community characteristics of groun d beetles (Coleop tera: Carabidae) in some Northern Irelan d nature reserves. P roceed ings of the Roy a l Irish A ca d emy , 87B , 65- 82.

Br an dtna y r, Z.T. & Br an dxna y r, P. 1975. Biologia di Op h on us p u n cticep s Ste ph . A n na li della Fa colte d i Sc ienz e Ag rarie d ella Un iversitĂŠ d eg li Stu d i d i Torin o, 9 , 421- 430.

De sen d e r , K . 1986. Distribution and ecolog y of

Br igg s , J .B. 1965. Biology of some gro und beetles (Col., Carabidae) injurious to straw berries. B u lletin of En tom olog ica l Resea rch, 56 , 79- 93.

34 , 1- 48.

Br i tte n , H . 1943. Th e Coleoptera o f the Isle of Man (1st part). North Western Na tu ra list, 1943, 73- 87 . Bu tterfi e ld, J .E.1- 1986 . Changes in life-cycle strategie s of Ca ra bus p roblema tic us over a ran ge o f altitud es in northe rn England . Ecolog ica l En tom olog y, 1 1 , 17- 26. Co l ie r , M. 1988. Dy sch irius obscu rus Gyll. and Neb ria livida (L.) (Col., Carabidae) in a Suff olk sa nd p it. En tom olog ist 's M on th ly Mag az ine, 1 24 , 254. Co ns ta n ti n e , B. 1993. Neb ria liv ida (L.)

(Carab ida e) at an inland site in east Yorkshire . Coleop te rist, 2 , 54- 55. Co o k ,J .H . 1936. A contributio n tow ards a study o f Ca losom a inq u isitor L. (Coleopt., Carab idae) . Tra ns a ct ions of th e Society f or B ritish En tom olog y, 3 , 79- 114. Co o m be s , D .S. & So th e rto n , N .W . 1986. The d ispersal and distribu tion of po lyphago us predato ry

184

Coleopte ra in cereals. A n na ls of App lied B iology, 108 , 461- 474.

References

carabid beetles in Belgium (Coleo ptera, Carabidae) . Do cu m en ts de Tra va il, Institu t Roy a l d es Scien ces Na tu relles de B elg iqu e, 26 , 1- 30; 27 , 1- 24 ; 3 0 , 1- 23; D e sen de r, K. , Du fr en e , M., Lo r e au , M., Luff , M.L & Mae lfait, J .-P. 1994. Ca rabid beetles. Ecolog y a n d evolu tion . Dordrecht: Kluwer. D o n is th o rp e , H.St .J .K. 1931. A n a n n ota ted list of th e add ition s to the B rit ish coleop terous f a u na .

London : Nathaniel Lloyd. D o n is th o rp e , H.St J.K. 1939. A p relim in a ry list of th e Coleop tera of Win ds or Forest . Lond on : Nathaniel

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Sp e igh t, M.C.D . 1977 . Th e gro u nd beetles Dys cb irius lue d ersi new to Ire lan d , Bad ister p eltatu s and Cblae n ius tri stis re-ins tate d as Irish . Irish Na tu ralist 's Jo u rn a l, 19 , 116- 118. Sp eigh t, M.C.D ., An de rso n , R. & l u ff, M.L 1982. An an notate d lis t o f th e Irish g roun d be etles (Co l., Carab idae + Cicind elida e) . B u llet in of th e Irish B iog eog rap h ica l Soc ie ty , 6 , 25- 53. Sp eig h t, M.C.D ., Mar tin ez, M. & Luff , M.L 1986 . Th e Asap h idion (Co l.: Ca rab ida e) species o ccurring in Gre at Britain an d Ireland . Proceed ings a nd Tra nsa ct ion s of th e Bri tish En tom ologica l a nd Na tu ral H istory Society , 19 , 17- 21. Sp e n ce , J .R. & Sp e n ce , D .H . 1988 . O f gro u nd be etles and me n : intro duce d specie s an d the synan thro pic fau na o f w este rn Cana da . Mem oirs of the En tom olog ica l Soc iety of Ca n ad a, 144 , 151- 168. Sto rk , N.E., ed . 1990 . Th e role of g rou n d beetles in ecolog ica l a nd en viron m en ta l stud ies. And over : Inte rce p t . Te lfe r, M.G. & Ev e rs ha m , B.C. 1994. A m a ra f usca De jean esta b lish ed in Brita in . Coleop terist, 3 , 35- 36 . C E. 1990. Distr ibu tio n o f leg-co lou r morp hs o f Ptem stich us m a d id us (F.) in relation to clima te . In : The role of g rou nd beetles in ecolog ica l a nd en viron men ta l stud ies, ed ited b y N.E. Sto rk, 39- 51. An dove r: In te rce p t .

Water sto n , AI L, Ow en , J .A., Welch , R C., Bacchu s , M. & Ha m m o n d, P.M. 1981. Ins e cta : Coleo p tera . In : P resen t k n owledg e of the no n ma rine in verte bra te f a u n a of tbe Ou ter Heb rides, e dited b y A.R. Waterston , 264- 283. Proceed ings of th e Roy a l Soc iety of Ed in b u rgh , 7 9B. We lch, R C. 1981. Nebria niva lis (Payk .) (Co l., Ca rab ida e) from Mull , Skye and th e Cairn go rms , w ith a n ew ch aracter for its se paratio n fro m N . g yllen ba li (Schoe n .) . En to molog ist 's Monthly Magaz ine, 116 ( 1980) , 166 . We lch , R C. 1983 . Coleo p tera in the Inn er He b ride s. Proceed ing s of the Roy a l Soc iety of Ed in bu rgh, 83B, 505- 529. We lc h , R C. 1992 . Ta chy s p a rvu lus (Dejean) (Co l.: Carab ida e) from synan thro pic hab itats in No rth amp tonshire an d Be dfords hire . En tom olog ist 's Record, 104 , 81- 8 2. We lch , 1LC. 1993 . First Scottish re co rd o f Notiop b ilus ruj ip es Curt. (Col.: Carab ida e) fro m Ho y , O rkn ey . En tom olog ist 's Record a n d Jo u rn a l of Va ria tion, 10 5 , 142- 143. We lch , R C. 1995 . Leistus mon ta n us Ste p h . (Col., Carab ida e) at low altitudes in w este rn Sco tlan d . En tom olog ist 's M on th ly Magaz i n e, 13 1, 94. Wh ic h e r, L S. 1953. A cup a lp u s eleg a ns De j. (Co l., Carab ida e) rec ap ture d in N. Kent. En tom olog ist 's Mon thly Magaz in e, 8 9 , 93 .

Th ie le , H.-U. 1977 . Ca rab id beetles in th eir en viron m en ts. Berlin : Spring er.

Whi te h ea d, P.F. 1991. Ba d is ter m erid iona lis Pu el 1925 (Col., Cara b ida e) rec o nfumed as British . En tom olog ist 's M on th ly Magaz in e, 1 27 , 116.

Tur in , H . 1981. Pro visiona l ch ecklist of th e Euro p ea n gro und-b eetles (Coleo ptera : Cicind elida e & Carab ida e) . Mon og raf ieen va n de Ned erla ndse En tom olog isch e Veren ig ing, 9 , 1- 249.

Wh i tto n , P. & Cam p bel l, J.M. 1991. A n a tlas of Oxf ordshire Coleop tera Ca rabida e. (O ccasion al Pap er no . 15.) Wo odstoc k : Ox fordsh ire Museu ms .

Tur in , H., Cas ale , A., Kr yz h an ov skij, O.L , Maka ro v , K V. & Pe n ev , L D . 1993. Checklist a nd a tlas of the gen us Ca ra bu s Lin n a eus in Eu rop e (Coleop tera, Carabida e) . Leide n : Un iversal Bo ok Services . Turi n, H ., Hae ck, J. & He n geve ld, R 1977 . A tla s of tbe ca rabid beetles of th e Ne therla nd s. Amsterda m: North-Ho lland .

W illia m s , S.A. 1984 . Cy m ind is ma cu la ris (Fisc her v . Waldh eim) (Co l., Carab idae) co nfirmed as a Britis h sp ecies . En tom olog ist's Mon th ly M aga z in e, 1 20 , 107. Wi ll ia m s , S.A. 1997 . Ta chy s walkeria n us Sh arp (Ca rab idae) , a p atio beetle ? Coleop terist, 6 , 47 .

Vrles , H .H. de & Boe r, PJ . de n . 1990 . Su rvival o f po pu latio ns of Ag on u m er iceti Panz . (Col ., Cara b ida e) in relation to fragmentatio n o f h ab itats . Netherla n ds Jo u rna l of Zoology , 4 0 , 484- 498 . Wals h , P. & Smi th , A. 1992. Trech us seca lis Payk ull (Col., Carab ida e) in n orth ern Scotland . En tom ologist 's M on thly M aga z in e, 128 , 14.

References

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190

INDEX in a lp ha betica l ord er of gen us

Index

19 1

map Page B em bid io n fl u via tile 99 57 B em bid ion f u m iga tu m 100 57 B em bid io n g ene i 10 1 58 B em bid io n g e n icu la tu m 10 2 58 B em bid ion g iltrip es 103 59 B em bid io n g u ttu la 104 59 B em bid io n ha rp a loid es 105 60 B ern bid io n h u m e ra le 106 60 B ern bid io n iricolo r 107 6 1 B e m bid io n la mp ros 108 6 1 B em bid io n la tera le 109 62 B em biclion Uto rale 110 62 Bem bid io n littora le a uc t. se e B . tetra colum Be m bid io n lu na tu rn 111 63 Be rn bid ion lu n u la tu m 112 63 B ern bid ion m a n ne rbe im i 113 64 B ern bid io n tna rit im u m 114 64 B em bid io n m in im u m 11 5 65 B em bicli on m on ticola n 6 65 B em bid io n n ig ric orn e 117 66 B em bid io n n ig nap iceu m 118 66 B em bid io n n itid u lu rn 119 67 B em bid io n n orma n n u m 120 67 B em bid io n ob tiq u u m 12 1 68 B ern bid io n ob tu s u m 122 68 B ern bid io n oc to m a c u la tu m 123 69 Bem bid io n p allid tp e n ne 124 69 B em bid ion p ras in u rn 125 70 B em bid ion p rop era ns 126 70 B ern bid io n p u n ctu la tu m 127 7 1 B em bid io n qua d rig u tta tu m (F .) se e B .qua d rim a cu la tu m B e m bid io n quad rig u tta tu m (O livier) se e B . q ua d np ustu la tu m B e rn bid io n qua d rig u tta tu m se nsu Illige r se e B . ge ne i B e rnbid io n qua d rima c u la tu rn 128 7 1 Be m bicl io n qua d np us tu la tu m 129 72 Be nzbid io n qu in q ue stria tu rn 130 72 Bem bid ion red ten ba cberi Da n ie l se e B . ge n icula tu rn B e m bid io n np a riu m a u ct . see B . lu n u latu m B em bid io n ruf esc ens (G ue rin -Me ne ville) se e B . ha rp alo id es B e m bid io n rup estre a u ct. se e B . bn ix ellense B e m bid ion sa xa tile 13 1 73 Be m bid io n sch u epp eli 132 73 Be m bid io n se rn ip u n cta tu m 133 74 Bem bid io n step he ns i 134 74 Bem biclio n sto rno id es 135 75 Bernbiclio n stu rm i (Pa n ze r) se e B . oc to ma c ula tu m Be rnbid io n testa ceu rn 136 75 Be rnbid ion tet ra co lu m 137 76 Be m bid ion tibia le 138 76 B em bid ion u n ico/o r Ch au do ir se e B . m an n erbei tn i B ern bid io n ustu la tu rn a u ct. se e B . tetra colu m B e m bid io n va riu rn 139 77 B e rn bid io n velox Erich so n se e B . p rop e ran s B e rnbid io n vite ns 140 77 Blec b ru s se e M icrolestes Bletb isa ntu ltip u n cta ta 42 29 B ra cb in us c rep ita ns 349 18 2 B ra cteo n see B ernb id io n B ra dy cellus ca u ca sic us (Ch a udo ir) se e B . colla ris B ra dy cellu s co lla ris 283 149 B ra dy cellus csik ii 284 149 B rady cell us d istin ctus 28 5 150 B rady cell us d istin c tu s (se ns u Fow le r) see B . sh a rp i B rady cell us ha m a lin us 286 150 B rady cellus rufi collis 287 15 1

192

Index

Map Page B rady cellus sha rp i 288 15 1 B rady cellus sirnilis (De jean) see B . ruf tcollis B rady cellus venbas ci 289 152 B roscus cep halotes 6 1 38 Ca la thus a m big uus 174 94 Ca la thus c in ctus 175 95 Ca lath us a steloid es (Pan zer) see C. f us ctp es Ca la tbus err a tus 176 95 Ca lath us ery th rod en ts Gaut ie r see C. c in ctus Ca lath us f la mp es (D uftschm id) se e C e rr atus Ca la thus f usc ip es 177 96 Ca lath us f uscus F. see C. a m big u us Ca la tb us lu ctu osus La tre ille see C j uso p es Ca la thus rnela nocep ba lu s 178a ,b 96 Ca la th us m icrop terus 179 97 Ca lath us m on is 180 97 Ca lath u s p ice us 18 1 98 Ca latb us rotu nd icolli s De jean see C. p ice us Ca llistus lu na tus 316 165 Ca losom a inq u isito r 19 17 Ca losorna sy cop ha n ta 20 17 Ca rabu s a rcens is a uc t. see C a m ensis Ca ra bus a m e ns & 9 12 Ca ra bu s ca ten u latu s a uct. see C. p roble ma ticus Ca ra bus cla tra tus 10 13 Ca ra bus g la bra tu s 11 13 Ca ra bus g ran ula tus 12 14 Ca ra bus in trica tus 13 14 Ca ra bus 14 15 Ca ra bu s n em ora lis 15 15 Ca rabus n ite n s 16 16 Ca rabus p roble ma tic us 17 16 Ca rabu s viola ceus 18 17 Ch lae n ius holoseric eu s (F.) see C. tri stis 312 163 Ch lae n ius n ig ricorn is Cb /aen iu s n itid u/u s 313 164 Cb laen ius scb ra nk i (Du ftschmid) se e C n itid ulu s Cb laen ius tris tis 314 164 Cb laen ius vestitus 315 165 Cb ry sobra cteo n see Bem bidion Cic in dela ca mp estris 2 9 Cic in dela gen na n ica 3 9 Cic in dela hy brid a 4 10 Cicin dela m a ritim a 5 10 Cicin dela sy lva t ica 6 11 Cillen us se e Bem bid ion Clivi na colla ti s 59 37 Clivi na j ossor 60 38 Cu n on ot us se e A ma ra Cy chrus ca ra bo id es 8 12 Cy chrus rastratus L. se e C ca rabo ides Cy m in d is ax illa ris 344 179 Cy m in d is m ac ula ris 34 5 180 Cy m in d is vap ora ri oru m 346 180 De me trias atricap illus 32 3 169 De me trios imp erialis 324 169 De me trias m onos tig ma 325 170 De me trias u n ip u ncta tu s (Ge rma r) se e D . mon ostig ma D icb eirotri cb us g us ta vi 279 147 D icbeiro tricb u s obsolet us 280 147 D ich eirotri ch us p u besce ns (Payku ll) see D . g us ta vi D m m ius ag ilis 326 170 D rom ius a ng ustus 327 17 1 D rom ius linea ris 328 17 1 D rom ius long icep s 329 172 D rom ius mela n ocep ha lus 330 172

Index

193

Map Page Pa n ag a eus c rux m aj or 311 162 Pa n ag a eus qu a d rip us tu la tus Sturm se e P. btp us tu la tu s Pa trob us ass im iln 63 39 Pa trob u s a trn ruf us 64 40 Pa trob us ex ca va tu s (P ay kull) see P . a tnatu j us Pa trob u s sep ten tr io n is 65 40 P elop b ila bo rea lis 27 21 P ertg on a n tg ricep s 20 1 112 Pe rilep tu s a reo la tu s 66 41 P la ty d en ts tuj icollis 185 100 P la ty n us se e Ag on u m Poe c ilu s se e Pte rostic b us Pog on us cba lceus 147 8 1 Pog on us littora lis 148 8 1 Pog on us lu riclip en n iy 149 8 2 Pol ist icb us con nex us 34 7 18 1 Polysticb us vitta tu s Br a e see P. con n ex us Pristony ch us se e La e m osten us Ps euclop bo n us se e Ha rp a lu s P terost icb us a d strictus 15 1 83 P te rosticb us a etb iop s 152 83 Pte rost icb us a ng us ta tus 153 84 Pte ros tic b us a ntb rac i n us 154 84 Pterost ich us a terr im us 155 8 5 Pterost ich us ca et u lesce ns a u ct . se e P . vets icolo r Pte rosticb us c ren a tus (D u ksch m id ) se e P . ve rn a lly Pterost ic h us crista tus 156 85 Pte rosticb us cup reus 157 86 Pte rasticb us d iligen s 158 86 P te rosticb us d im iclia tus (O livie r) se e P . k ug ela n n i P terost icb us g rac ilis 159 87 P te rosti cb u s in a eq u a lis (Ma rsham ) se e P . long icollis P teros ticb us k ug ela n n i 160 87 Pte rost icb u s lep id us 16 1 88 Pte nast icb us lo ng icollis 162 88 Pterost ic b us m a ce r 163 89 Pterost icb us ma d id us 164 89 Pte nast icb us m ela n a riu s 165 90 Pte ros ti cb us m in or 166 90 Pte rosticb us n ige r 167 91 Pte rost icb us n ig rita agg . 168 9 1 Pte rosti ch u s oblong op u n cta tu s 169 92 Pte rostich us p ic im a n us a u ct. se e P . m ace r

194

Index

map Page Pterostic h us quad nf oveolatus Letzn e r se e P . a ng us ta tus Pterostich us stren u u s 170 92 Pterosticb us verna lis 17 1 93 Pterosticb us vers icolor 172 93 Ptenastic b us vitreus (Deje an) se e P. a ds trictu s Pte rostic b u s vu lga ris a uc t. see P. mela na rius Risop b ilus see De m etrias Scy balicus oblong iu sculus 278 146 Sp bod rus leu cop b tba lm us 182 98 Ste nolop h u s m ix tus 290 152 Stenolop b us skrimsb ira nus 29 1 153 Stenolop b us teu ton us 292 153 Stenolop h u s vesp erti n us (Panzer) see S. m ita us Stom is p u m ica tus 150 82 Sy ntom us see Meta bletus Sy n ucb us n iva lis 186 100 Sy n ucb us viva lis (linge r) se e S. n iva lis Tachys bis tria tus 14 1 78 Tac hy s ed m on ds i 142 78 Tachys m ic ros 143 79 Tachys p a rvu lus 144 79 Tac hy s p iceu s Edm onds see T. ed m ond si Ta chy s sc utella ris 145 80 Ta cby s wa lkeria n us 146 80 Tap bria see Sy n ucb us Th alassop b ilus long icorn is 69 42 Trecboblem us see Trech us Trecbus d iscus 70 43 Trecbus j u lvus 7 1 43 Trech us lap id asus Da wson see T.A lm s Trech us m icros 72 44 Trech u s m in utus (F.) see T. qua d ris tria tus Trech us obtus us 73 44 Trech us q ua d ristria tus 74 45 Trecb us rivu la ris 75 45 Trecb us ru bens 76 46 Trecb us seca lis 77 46 Trecb us su bnota tus 78 47 Tricbocellus cogna tus 28 1 148 Trich ocellus p la cid us 28 2 148 Za bni s g ib bu s (F.) se e Z tene brioid es Za bn ts tenebrio ides 24 1 128

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