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How Flany Senses Do you Have?
Fo r - Sr ears people h-ave alw a y s t h o u g h t o f o n ly h a v in g s e n s e s of se e in g , sme11ing, hearing, t a s t in [ a n d t o u c iri_ n g . fh"*" f iv e sen se s tel1 you what is go in g o n in t h e wo rld a ro u n d y o u . Th e y ar e sometimes called main s e n s e s o r s p e e ia l s e n s e s . but there ar e a d ditional senses call e d t h e t t d e e p s e n s e s r. The
D ee p i n your body yo u r bo dy needs. when you have had be e m p tied and so
ttDeep
Sensesrt
are som e s e n s o ry n e rv e s t h a t t e 1 1 y o u o f They let y o u k n o w wh e n it is t irn e t o e a t , too much t o e a t , wh e n t h e b la d d e r n e e d s t o on.
Y our Muscle S e n s e o r K in e s t h e t ic
Sense
You ha ve a sense of musale r o r" k j" n e s t h e t ic . I t h e lp s y o u know about such things as we ig h t a n d mo v e me n t . f f y o u we re t o l i ft two boxes at the sam e t in e , y o u wo u ld b e a b le t o t e l1 t h e we ig h t in the boxes. (B y t h is y o u wo u ld b e a b le t o t e l1 wh ic h is he a vier. ) The S e n s e o f
B a la n e e
hie h a ve a sense of balance. rn y o u r in n e r e a r y o u h a v e s o me ho llo w horseshoe shaped or lo o p s h a p e d lo o p s c a ile d s e n ic irc u la r ca n a l^s._ They hgyu nothing t o d o wit n k re a rin g . T h e y h e lp k e e p you r b a lance, There is a liq u id in y o u r s e mic irc u la r c a n a ls . r f i t w ere to g91 vielently s h a k e n u i y o u wo u ld lo s e y o u r b a la n c e , or b e somewhat dizzy. I n t e rn a l
Clo c k s
!{!"- . yo u are sleeping and_y o u -wa k e u p (f o r a p e rio d o f t ime ) fore your alarm clo c k r y o u h a v e wh a t is s o me t ime s Il t n be e a 1 1e d frgh i nter al yo! just * " L e u p wh e n y o u r clocksil.b o d y a d ju s t s t o ce r tain times. S cientists a re t ry in g t o f in d o u t mo re a b o u t t h i s sen se " Ho w Do y o u S e e ? Yo u ne e d light-to see by. rf y o u a re in a d a rk ro o m a n d y o u shin e a flashlight on a tab le , y o u will s e e t h e t a b le . T h a t is b e ca u se the light cannot go t h rb u g h t h e t a b le a n d it re f re c t s . Tha t is ca11ed t'reflected lig h t t t . wh e n t h e lig h t h it s t h e t a b le som e of i t reflects into you r e y e s , a n d o n ly t f , e n d o me s s a g e s of si gh t go to the seeing p a rt o f t h e b ra in .
!
--!
- 2-
The Eye From the
Front
Th e co lo red part of the eye is t h e iris a n d t h e o p e n in g in the m i dd le is the pupil, is ju s t a rin g o f mu s c le s . T h e lris It a cts quickly to change t h e s iz e o f t h e p u p il in d if f e re n t l i gh ts. r n fr o n t of the pupil and t h e iris is t h e c o rn e a . rt c o v e rs the p u p il and the eye. The c o rn e a is c o lo rle s s . rt is a ls o tr a n sp a r e nt so you can see t h ro u g h it . T h e c o rn e a k e e p s b it s of d ir t and dust from going in t o t h e p u p il. The T e a r G la n d Th" te a r gland keeps the co rn e a c le a n . in ea ch eye and does the sa n e f o r e a c h j - s e l i qu id. This liquid c o me s o u t o f th e eye . On the outside of t h e e y e o r" wh ite co vering called the s c le ra o r t h e Th e r e
a r e muscles
that
can mo v e y o u r
T h e re is a t e a r g la n d eye. rn t h e t e a r g la n d t h e t e a r d u c t t o wa s h e y e b a ll, is a t h ic k wh it e s o f y o u r e y e s .
eyes up,
d o wn a n d s id e wa y s.
As yo u have learned about t h e d if f e re n t r: s u b je c t s in you have beeome more ac q u a in t e d wit h t h e p a rt s Iet, an d ha ve learned more about t h e m.
t h is b o o k o f t h e b o d y,
l3
GLOSSARY
in a sti gr n a tism - unequal eurv a t u re makes tha t objeets look b lu rre d . - havlng
a str i ng e nt
the pro p e rb y
the
of
c o rn e a
o r le n s
s h rin k in g
canal - tube or p a s s a g e wa y t h a t the middle ear.
b a la n ce - a conditi.on stea d iness. bitte r b lin d
- having - not
of n o t
ha rs h
a sharp,
able
to
f a llln g taste
t h re s h ' o ld s
le a d s
nerve - hearing ne rv e t h a t c a rrie s a u d itor y to the hearing center of t h e b ra in .
a n ey e
o r c o n t ra c t in g .
au d io m e ter - an instrument o f me a s u rin g h e a rin g pu r e tones of normally a u d ib le f re q u e n c ie s . au d itor y ea r to
of
f ro m t h e
me s s a g e s o f
over
in
lik e
q u in in e .
f or
outer sound
a n y d ire e t lo n ;
see.
b r a in - part of the central n e rv o u s s y s t e m in Ma n a n d o t h e r ver teb rates that is enel o s e d in t h e s k u ll o r h e a d a n d c o n s is t s of a soft mass of nerve c e l1 s . T h e b ra in e o n t ro ls a lmo s t a l l th e fu nctions of the body , a rid wit h lt we c a n 1 e a rn , t h in k , r em e m ber. cavity - krole; de ca y.
ho11ow p1ac e .
c a v it ie s
in
teeth
ce l1 - basic structural unit r o r b u i. ld in g Anin a ls and plants are m a d e o f e e lI s . ch e m ica l - any simple subs t a n c e in o ther substances.
b lo c k ,
(e le rn e n t )
used. to
coch le a - a snail-shaped c a v it y o f t h e in n e r n e r ve endings that transm it s o u n d imp u ls e s n e r vg . colo r - b 1 ind - unable ce r tain eolors.
to
tel1
c e rt a in
c o lo rs
con tact lens - a very smaIl, t h in p la s t le of th e eyeball or only ov e r t h e e o rn e a . cor n e a - the transparent an d the pupil.
frwin d o wt r o f
the
a re c a u s e d b y of
liv in g
ma t t e n
c a u s e c h a n g es
e a r, e o n t a in in g th e a lo n g t h e a u d iio ry a p a rt ;
le n s
u n a b le
f it t e d
eye that
d e r m is - tkre sensitive layer o f s k in b e n e a t h t h e wh ich are located many bl o o d v e s s e ls a n d n e rv e
to
on the
c o v e rs
the
o u t e r s k in e n d in g s .
se e front iri-s in
Irj
ea r d r u m - a thin membrane a c ro s s t h e mid d le e a r t h a t w he n sound waves strike i" t ; t y n n p a n ic me mb ra n e . e p id e r m is
- the
thin
oute r
la y e r
Eu stach ian tube - a slende r m id d le ear. It equalize s the eardrum" eye - organ of fa r - sig h ted focu s
- adjust
g a s - n ot
a lens,
a siilid
distan t the
the
s k in .
c a n a l b e t we e n t h e t h ro a t and the t h e a ir p n e s s u re o n t h re t wo s id e s
the body b y wh ic h
- seeing
of
v ib ra t e s
p e o p le
t h in g s eyâ&#x201A;Ź,
or liquid ;
a n d a n ima ls
mo re c le a rly
see.
than near
a n d s o o o r t o ma k e a c le a r
any substance
fn n m
wh e n it
of
is
lik e
fvtrrra
o ne s " im a g e . a ir
in
gla n d - . organ f ro m t h e b l o o d ll tit: body t h a t s e p a ra t e s ma t e ria ls an d changes them into some s e c re t io n f o r u s e in t h e b o d y , o r i nto a produet to be dis c h a rg e a rro m_ t n e body. T h e liv e r, kid n e ys r panc?â&#x201A;Ź& s I and t h y ro f d a re jla n d s . hear
- perceive
by the
ear .
he a r in g ai-d e le c t ro n i. c a p p a ra t u s ;^r..:T:1_1_porta b le sou n d and is worn to comp e n s a t e f o r p o o r ir; ; " i" ; : heart ou t
- a hollow, the body.
muscular
o rg a n t h a t
that
p ' mp s t h e b lo o d
a mp li f i e s
t h ro u g h _
in n e r ea r - innermost part o f t h e e a r. S o u n d wa v e s t ra v e lln g thr o u g h the liquid in and a ro u n d t h ; s n a ir-s n a p e J p a rt c a u s e th e n e rve ce1ls -r.o send ne s s a g e s o f s o u n d t o t h e b ra in . The i nn e r ear also eontains o rg a n s c o n c e rn e d wit h b a la n c e . ir is
- the
l en s wh ich lig h t lig h t liq u id th a t l ob e
colored
part
of
e y e a ro u n d t h e p u p il.
1. a curved piece of g la s s o r o t h e r t ra n s p a re n t ma t e ria l brings togethJ r o r u * ra " wid e r a p a rt t h e ra y s of passing "}.o.br through it. z . t h e p " " t o f t h e e y e t h a t d ire c t s rays upon the retina . - substance fl ows freely
that is n e it h e r like wa t e r"
- a rounded projecting
me tallic
the
- like
a s o lid
nor
a gas;
substanee
p a rt .
meta1.
m icr o sco p e - an instrument wit h a le n s for m a king smd.ll thi_ngs loo k 1 ; " ; ; ; ;
o r c o mb in a t io n
of
l-e n s e s
mo le cu le - th? snallest partic le in t o wh ic h a n e le me n t o r c o mp ou n d ca n be divided withcut eha n g in g it s c t re n ic a r p " o p u " t i" r. r nu se le - the tissue ir: the b o d ie s o f p e o p le a n d a n in a ls t h a t c an ne tig h tened or lccsened t o ma k e t h ; b o d y mo v e .
ne ? l- sighted - not d lstance on1y.
able
to
s e e f a r;
ne r ve - a fiber or bundle o f f ib e rs be tw een the brain or spin a l c o rd gla n ds, and so on. o lfactor y - having olfae tory organ.
to
do wit h
s e e in g
d is t in c t ly
at
a short
t h ro u g h wh lc h imp u ls e s p a s s a n d t h e e y e s , e a rs , mu s c i e s ,
s n e llin g ;
of
s me ll.
The nose is
nerve - nerve that g o e s f ro m t h e e y e t o t h e b ra in . - ,o p ti c I v o p h tha lmologist in t h e t re a t me n t - doctor wh o s p e e ia liz e s d ise a ses, defects, and in ju rie s of the eye.
of
ou ter ear * the visible cu rv e d _ f la p o f t h e e a r a n d t h e s h o rt ag e way that goes to the rn id d le e a r" T h e o u t e r e a r d ire c t s sou n d waves into the inn e r p a rt s o f t h e e a r. p a p illa - a small nlpple-1ik e of touch, taster or sme ll.
p ro je c t j-o n
c o n c e rn e d
pitch
lo wn e s s
a sound.
- degree of highrness o f
pr e ssu r e p u cke r
- the
eontinued
- draw into
a c t io n
wrinkles
of
of
a we ig h t
o r irre g u la r
wit h
the
an
all pass-
se n s e s
o r f o rc e .
fo1ds.
p u p il - the open_ing in the c e n t e r o f t h e iris o f t h e o y â&#x201A;Ź r wh i e h l oo ks like. a black spot. T h e p u p il, wh ic h is t h e o n iy p la c e can enter th e e y â&#x201A;Ź r-e ip a n d s yh e lg .l1girt a n d c o n t ra c t s r-t h u s contr o llin g the amount of lig h t t h a t s t rik e s t h e re t in a . r e ti na - layer of cel1s to lig ht and receives
at t h e b a e k o f t h e e y e b a ll t h a t im a g e s o f t h in g s lo o k e d a t .
scl er a or scleroticcoet - s t ro n g , wh it e the e yeball; the 'fwhite o f t h e e y e . rt se m icir cular th e i nner
outer
sensitive
me mb ra n e c o v e rin g
canal - any of t h e t h re e e u rv e d , t u b e lik e ear that help u s k e e p o u r b a la n c e .
se n se _ - power of Sig h t, hearing,
is
the mind t o k n o r* wh a t h a p p e n s o u t s id e toueh, ta s t e , a n d s me I l-ire t h e f iv e
e a n a ls
in
it s e lf . ma in s e n s e s .
str a b ism u s - a disorder of v is io n d u e t o t h e t u rn in g o f o n e e ye o r bo th eyes from the normal p o s it io n s o t h a t b o t S c in n o t b e d i r e c t e d a t the same point or objec l a t t h e s a me t ime . ta ste b u d - any of eertain s ma ll g ro u p s of th e tongue or mouth tha t a re -s e n ie
o f e e 1 1 s in t h e o rg a n s o f t a s t e .
ton g u e - the moveable pigce : o f a n d , by people, for talking.
f le s h
t h e rn o u t h , u s e d in
to u e h
on and fee1.
vib r a te
- put
the hanC or finge n
- move rapidly
to
a n d f ro .
ln
lin in g t a s ti n g