Figure 31 – Framework of Paris En Commun strategy

Figure 31 – Framework of Paris En Commun strategy (Source: Paris En Commun, 2019)

Ideation, Definition and Features

The La Ville Du Quart d’Heure or the City of quarter hours is mentioned under the proximity pillar and is defined as ‘ In a 15 minute city, the citizens are able to access all essential needs by walk or bike’. Although it is not explicitly mentioned which ‘essential services’, however the technical assessments conducted during the ‘ Paris North Gates’ pilot project (CHAIRE ETI, 2019) where at the neighbourhood scale with essential services defined as, • Preschools and schools, • Primary healthcare facilities, • Community hubs • Parks and gardens, • Local shops and production spaces including grocery stores, cafes and restaurants and co-working hubs • Affordable housing options The intention of the Climate resilience strategy is to create self-sufficient arrondissements through principles of ‘dwelling in dignity, local provision of services, well-being, education, leisure and access to work and housing and disabled access, stability of community, neighbourhood pride, sense of belonging and safety’ (Office of the Mayor of Paris, 2018, p. 37; Pozoukidou & Chatziyiannaki, 2021, p. 17) The FMC of Paris, unlike other two cities, does have an explicit 15 minute city neighbourhood model at the moment rather a contextualised approach in addressing the issues, local capacities and responses are specific from neighbourhood to another (L’Institut Paris Region, 2017, p. 2), thus the spatial localization of the ‘essential services’ i.e. distance of each services from the neighbourhood centre and its ped-shed. Rather the Parisian Neighbourhoods are covered under the national, regional, and local accreditations namely, Eco-Quartier (EQ), New Sustainable Neighbourhoods (NQU) and Innovative and Ecological Neighbourhoods (QIE) respectively (See table 3) (L’Institut Paris Region, 2017, p. 3). The accreditation is designed foster response to following objectives within the new and existing neighbourhoods (L’Institut Paris Region, 2017, p. 5):

1. Sustainable Energy: biomass heat network, wind turbines, geothermal, bio-source materials, solar panels, etc 2. Biodiversity: vegetation covered terraces and facades, communal gardens, agriurban farms, water treatment, etc 3. Pollution, risk, and waste management: worksite charter, composting etc 4. sustainable forms of transport: multimodality, relay stations, carpooling and pooled parking, bikes and pedestrian focus, electric charging terminals, etc 5. Circular economy based local production, consumption, and recycling 6. Third places like co-working hubs, fab labs, smart city etc 7. Local consultation, urban coproduction, participative working events, etc.