Trade and Integration Monitor 2012 Trade Performance and Policies after the Crisis by Integration and Trade Sector

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012 Trade Performance and Policies after the Crisis

September, 2012

This report was prepared by the Integration and Trade Sector of the Inter-American Development Bank. Overall direction was provided by Antoni Estevadeordal and Paolo Giordano. The brief was prepared by a core team that included Matthew Shearer (team leader), Jeremy Harris, and Rafael Lopez-Monti. Emiliano Agopian, Juliana Almeida, Ivan Reinafarje Rivasplata, Christian Solano, Kyungjo An, and Joo Hyun Kim contributed to the report; Jesús De Lara, Martha Skinner, Cristóbal Vásquez, Carolina Barreto, and Carolina Osorio provided support to the team. Mauricio Mesquita Moreira, Krista Lucenti and Ziga Vodusek provided valuable comments.

The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Inter-American Development Bank or its member countries. The IDB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use.

Contents Prologue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii 1 .

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Trade Performance in the Wake of the Crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Multilateral Trade Policies and Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Regionalism and Preferential Trade Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2 .

Country Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3 .

Agreement Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

4 .

Data Sources and Methodological Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Annex: Country Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

III

Prologue The financial crisis has painfully brought to the fore the importance of global trade interdependence for economic development. Monitoring the state of the world economy and, more specifically, the prospects for Latin American and the Caribbean regional and global integration is therefore a priority for the countries of the region. This document inaugurates a series of annual reports that will periodically monitor the state of the regionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s integration in the global economy. These reports will build on an extensive body of quantitative information made available to the public through INTradeBID, a comprehensive information system on trade and integration developed by the Integration and Trade Sector of the Inter-American Development Bank. The 2012 report starts with an overview of the trade performance of the countries of the region in the aftermath of the financial crisis, and analyzes the multilateral and preferential trade and integration policies undertaken to respond to the external shocks. It signals that in the last two years the shockwaves of the world economy have had a noticeable impact on the structure of the regionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s trade interdependence. While it remains to be seen whether this transformation is transitory or permanent, it certainly highlights some of the challenges ahead for policymakers. The volatility of external demand and of the regionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s terms-of-trade makes the region vulnerable to the ebb and flow of the world economy. Moreover, the heterogeneous pattern of such vulnerability across countries and sub-regions challenges the capacity of the region to implement policy responses to the external environment in a coordinated and effective fashion. The availability of a set of indicators to monitor trade and integration trends may help to meet these challenges. Antoni Estevadeordal Manager, Integration and Trade Sector

Executive Summary

his report presents an analysis of recent trade and integration developments in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It draws on databases developed by the Integration and Trade Sector of the Inter-

American Development Bank (IDB) available through the IDB Information System on Trade and Integration—INTradeBID (www.iadb.org/intradebid), complemented with data from other sources. Section 1 provides a statistical overview of trade performance and trade policies in LAC, with a focus on the recent developments since the financial crisis. It concludes that in 2011 LAC’s exports made a significant recovery to exceed pre-crisis levels, reaching over $1 trillion, but with varying results across countries. Overall export growth is expected to moderate significantly in 2012 as a consequence of the recession in some Euro Zone countries, the lack of dynamism in the external demand of the United States, and a moderation of growth in China. The trade performance and policy developments in the region present a number of salient features:

•

The crisis has accentuated the ongoing restructuring of LAC geographic trading patterns, with a shift away from the developed countries and toward larger developing countries, which are now the most vibrant sources of global demand. There has been a resurgence in the importance of primary exports, with commodities exporters experiencing the strongest trade performance. The great recession temporarily halted—but did not reverse—this trend, which has also been driven by increases in commodity prices. As a result, exports have become more concentrated and the region remains vulnerable to terms-oftrade shocks.

VII

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

••

In a context of low tariffs and slow progress of multilateral trade negotiations, there has been an increased use of less transparent regulatory barriers to trade, including within the region. During and after the crisis, LAC has enacted and faced a share of protectionist measures that exceeds its share in global trade. The region has been active in pursuing and implementing preferential trade agreements with regional and non-regional partners. Confronting and reducing the complexity in trade rules emerges as a challenge for LAC trade policymakers.

Section 2 provides country profiles summarizing the latest developments in the trade performance of each of the 26 IDB borrowing members.

viii

Section 3 contains Free Trade Agreement profiles summarizing selected trade and integration agreements in force among LAC countries and their trading partners. Section 4 is an appendix that includes definitions, sources, metadata, and methodological notes. The annex provides detailed country tables with time series data at a disaggregated level. These are available for download online on the website (www.iadb. org/int/intradebid/datasets.aspx).

Overview Trade Performance in the Wake of the Crisis The fluctuations of global demand during the crisis had a The outlook dramatic impact on the trade for LAC’s performance of Latin America export and the Caribbean (LAC).1 In demand is 2008–2009, the first wave of deteriorating the crisis was centered in the advanced economies and developing countries emerged as the main drivers of global demand (Figure 1). In 2010–2011, LAC trade was boosted by the growth in the latter, led by China, which was more than double the rate of increase in the developed world. LAC as a whole also registered 6.3 percent and 4.5 percent economic growth these two years, which helped to sustain intra-regional trade. However, going forward, forecasts for 2012 indicate that the demand for LAC’s exports will deteriorate not only as a consequence of the recession in the Euro Zone and the lack of dynamism in the United States, but also as a result of the deceleration of growth in other emerging markets, particularly in China.

The first wave of the crisis reduced both the global volume LAC’s trade of international trade and the growth rate prices of traded commodities, resulting in a 24 percent fall started to in the value of LAC’s exports. falter in 2011 The recovery that began in mid-2009 strengthened international demand for goods and drove a rebound in commodity prices. As a result, LAC export values jumped 27 percent in 2010, exceeding the growth of global trade. Since then, the pace of the global recovery has decelerated and the region’s export growth slowed to a still healthy average of 24 percent in 2011. As a result, total LAC merchandise exports exceeded

Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) in this report are composed of the IDB borrowing member countries. LAC sub-regions are classified on the basis of a combination of geographic and historical factors and existing trade relationships. Except where otherwise specified, they are as follows: Andean Countries (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela); The Caribbean (Bahamas, Barbados, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago), Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama); Southern Cone (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay); Mexico is generally treated separately. 1

Trade and InTegraTIon MonITor 2012

FIGURE 1 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (Annual percentage change, in constant prices, 2000–2012) 12 10

Annual % Change

8 6 4 2 0 –2 –4

2000

2001

2002

2003

Advanced economies Developing Asia

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Developing Asia (without China & India) Sub-Saharan Africa

2010

2011

2012e

Latin America and the Caribbean World

Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on data from IMF World Economic Outlook. Note: 2012 values are estimates.

FIGURE 2 WORlD TRADE VOlUME GROWTh (Annualized percentage change of six-month moving average over the previous six-month moving average, based on seasonally adjusted monthly series, 2008–2012) 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% –10% –20% –30% –40%

Advanced economies

Latin America

Developing Asia

Apr-12

Jan-12

Oct-11

Jul-11

Apr-11

Jan-11

Oct-10

Jul-10

Apr-10

Jan-10

Oct-09

Jul-09

Apr-09

Jan-09

Oct-08

Jul-08

Apr-08

Jan-08

–50%

Central and Eastern Europe

Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on indices by the Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.

$1 trillion in 2011 (Table 1). However, Figure 2 shows that in the last quarter of 2011 LAC trade volume growth dropped significantly and in the first quarter of 2012 it did not exceed 5 percent. 2

Aggregate figures obscure significant variation within the region, as the trade recovery has been uneven across countries. LAC had an overall merchandise trade surplus in 2011 of nearly $50 billion, equivalent

Overview

TABLE 1 Trade in Goods by Country and by Subregion (In billions of US dollars) Exports

Imports

2009

2010

2011

2009

2010

Argentina

55.7

68.1

83.9

38.8

56.5

Bahamas

0.7

0.8

2.5

Barbados

0.3

0.5

Belize

0.3

Bolivia

5.3 153.0

Brazil

Balance of Goods 2011

Balance of Goods (% of GDP)

2009

2010

2011

2009

2010

2011

73.9

16.9

11.6

10.0

5.4

3.1

2.2

2.6

3.0

–1.8

–1.9

–2.1

–23.4

–24.5

–26.4

1.3

1.2

1.8

–1.0

–0.9

–1.3

–23.2

–20.7

–28.3

0.4

0.7

0.8

–0.4

–30.3

–26.2

–29.2

6.9

9.1

4.4

5.3

7.6

0.9

1.5

5.1

7.8

6.0

201.9

256.0

127.7

181.6

226.2

25.3

20.3

29.8

1.6

0.9

1.2

Chile

51.9

67.4

80.8

38.2

52.8

66.4

13.7

14.6

14.4

7.9

6.8

5.8

Colombia

32.9

39.8

57.0

32.8

40.7

54.7

0.0

–0.9

2.3

0.0

–0.3

0.7

Costa Rica

8.5

9.3

10.2

11.3

13.4

15.9

–2.8

–4.2

–5.7

–9.4

–11.5

–13.9

Dominican Republic

5.5

6.8

8.5

9.9

13.0

14.5

–4.5

–6.3

–6.0

–9.6

–12.1

–10.6

13.7

17.5

22.3

15.1

20.6

24.3

–1.4

–3.1

–2.0

–2.7

–5.3

–3.0

El Salvador

2.3

3.4

4.1

6.4

7.7

9.2

–4.1

–4.4

–5.1

–19.9

–20.6

–22.6

Guatemala

5.0

5.8

7.1

10.1

12.0

14.5

–5.1

–6.2

–7.5

–13.5

–15.1

–15.9

Guyana

0.7

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.5

1.7

–0.4

–0.5

–0.6

–19.2

–22.7

–25.6

Haiti

0.6

0.8

2.2

3.0

3.2

–1.6

–2.5

–2.4

–25.0

–37.6

–33.0

Honduras

2.6

3.9

6.0

6.8

9.0

–3.3

–4.2

–5.1

–23.5

–27.4

–29.1

Jamaica

1.3

1.6

5.1

5.2

6.6

–3.7

–3.9

–5.0

–30.5

–28.8

–33.8

Mexico

229.6

298.5

349.6

234.4

301.5

350.9

–4.8

–3.0

–1.3

–0.5

–0.3

–0.1

Nicaragua

1.4

1.8

2.3

3.5

4.2

5.0

–2.1

–2.3

–2.8

–33.6

–35.5

–37.9

Panama

0.8

0.7

0.8

7.8

9.1

11.3

–7.0

–8.4

–10.6

–28.9

–31.7

–34.5

Paraguay

3.2

4.5

5.5

6.9

10.0

12.3

–3.7

–5.5

–6.8

–26.3

–29.0

–32.0

26.7

35.2

46.0

21.8

27.9

35.7

4.9

7.3

10.3

3.9

4.7

6.0

Suriname

1.4

2.1

2.5

1.4

1.7

0.0

0.7

0.8

0.3

19.0

20.8

Trinidad and Tobago

9.2

11.2

14.7

7.0

6.5

8.9

2.2

4.7

5.7

11.4

22.7

25.3

Uruguay

5.5

6.7

8.0

6.6

8.5

10.6

–1.1

–1.8

–2.5

–3.6

–4.5

–5.4

57.6

65.7

92.6

43.3

42.2

50.7

14.3

23.5

41.9

4.3

8.0

13.3

Ecuador

Peru

Venezuela LAC 26

675.7

860.2 1,070.0

646.3

836.2

1,020.5

29.4

24.0

49.5

0.7

0.5

0.9

Southern Cone

269.2

348.7

434.3

218.2

309.5

389.4

51.1

39.2

44.8

2.4

1.4

Andean Countries

136.2

165.1

227.0

117.5

136.7

173.0

18.7

28.4

54.0

2.5

3.5

5.9

26.4

30.7

37.3

55.6

67.1

80.4

–29.2

–36.4

–43.1

–16.2

–18.2

–19.2

229.6

298.5

349.6

234.4

301.5

350.9

–4.8

–3.0

–1.3

–0.5

–0.3

–0.1

14.3

17.2

21.9

20.6

21.4

26.8

–6.4

–4.2

–4.9

–11.4

–7.2

–7.7

Central America Mexico The Caribbean

Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID and national sources and GDP data from IMF World Economic Outlook.

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

to almost 1 percent of GDP. Regional This was driven primarily by the Southern Cone and Andean trade countries, which had respecperformance tive surpluses of 1.4 pervaried across cent and 5.9 percent of GDP. countries Conversely, Central America ran large deficits of $43 billion (over 19 percent of GDP), while Mexico (0.1 percent of GDP) and the Caribbean (7.7 percent of GDP) ran smaller goods trade deficits. Mexico and Southern Cone exports recovered most strongly in 2010, both exceeding 30 percent growth, but then decelerated somewhat in 2011. The Caribbean, Central America, and especially the Andean countries’ exports grew more slowly in 2010 but accelerated in 2011 to 29 percent, 21 percent, and 37 percent growth, respectively. The same general pattern holds for imports, with Mexico and the Southern Cone recovering faster and the other regions accelerating into 2011. Much of the variation in the observed trade performance can be explained by LAC countries’ export

destination markets (Figure 3).2 In the first wave of the crisis, the export market that accounted for the largest share of the decline for most LAC countries was North America, except for the Southern Cone where intra-subregional trade declines were larger. In the 2010–2011 recovery, the Southern Cone countries benefitted dramatically from increased exports to China, intra-regional growth, and only a marginal contribution from North America. China’s share in total Southern Cone exports has risen from 3 percent in 2000 to 17 percent in 2011. Two thirds of this growth in exports was attributable to agriculture and metals. Reduced demand for fuel in the United States and other developed countries accounted for most of the drop in Andean exports in 2009. The recovery was driven initially by exports to other LAC countries, and subsequently by North American demand. In both 2010 and 2011, the vast majority of the growth was derived from See also IDB (2011) and ECLAC (2012) for a complementary analysis. 2

Figure 3 Contribution to Export Growth by Selected Destinations (Percent increase in exports attributable to selected destinations, 2009–2011) 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% –10% –20% –30% –40% –50%

2010 2011 2009 Southern Cone Intra-Subregion

2009 2010 2011 Andean Countries Rest of LAC

2009 2010 2011 Central America

Canada & USA

China

2009

2010 Mexico

Europe

2011 ROW

2009

2010 2011 Caribbean (4) Total Change

Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID and national data, supplemented with UNCTAD data for the Dominican Republic and Venezuela. Note: Caribbean (4) includes Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. 4

Overview

increases in fuel and metal exports, with small but not insignificant increases in food and manufactures.

manufactured goods and non-fuel commodities. The Caribbean’s export growth in 2010 was driven by gains in all export markets (except for a continued decline in exports to Europe), with exports of manufactures leading the way, and further boosted in 2011 by a recovery of North American demand for fuels.

Mexico and Central America have remained tightly linked to North America. Growth of Mexican exports to the United States and Canada accounted for 80 percent of the increase in 2010 and two thirds in 2011, with manufactures dominating the product mix. While North America was also the single largest contributor to Central American export growth, intraregional trade was important, providing between one fourth and one fifth of the expansion. Overall, the export recovery in Central America came evenly from growth in the food and manufacturing sectors.

The trends are not without their risks. The crisis significantly reduced the level of LAC integration into the global economy. After a sustained expansion since the mid1990s, in 2009 LAC trade in goods as a percentage of GDP experienced a drop equivalent, on average, to 11 percent of GDP (Figure 4). This

The Caribbean’s 48 percent fall in goods exports in 2009 was driven largely by fuels, but also reflects smaller but still significant declines in exports of

LAC integration into the world economy is still below the pre-crisis level

Figure 4 Latin American Trade in Goods as Percentage of GDP a. Trend over Time (Simple average, 1985–2011) Ratio in Current Year (t)

65% ‘11

55%

‘10

45% 35% 25%

‘87

‘88 ‘93 ‘85 ‘92 ‘86

25%

‘00 ‘02 ‘03 ‘97 ‘99 ‘94 ‘96 ‘01 ‘95 ‘90 ‘98 ‘89 ‘91

‘05

‘06

‘08

Financial Crisis

‘07

‘04

35%

‘09

45%

55%

65%

Ratio in the Previous Year (t–1)

b. Before and after the Crisis (Simple and weighted averages, 2006–07 vs. 2010–11)

Average 2010–2011

100%

Trade over GDP above pre-crisis levels

80%

PRY ECU

60%

SLV

ARG LA(WA)

20% 0%

GTM DOM

PER

40%

URY

BOL

MEX LA(SA)

CHL

NIC CRI

HND

VEN

Trade over GDP below pre-crisis levels

BRA

20%

60%

40%

80%

100%

Average 2006–2007 Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID, UNCTAD (for trade data before 1995), and IMF for GDP. Notes: LA(SA) in the second panel, is the simple average of 17 LAC countries’ ratios, while LA(WA) is the weighted average. 5

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

was the most significant decline in the last 60 years. At the end of 2011 the region’s share of trade in GDP still remained below its 2008 level, having returned to pre-crisis levels in only about half of LAC countries.

of several key commodities, especially corn and soybeans, which in turn contributed to sustaining the overall trade performance of regional commodity exporters, particularly in South America. Net food importers in Central America, the Caribbean, and the Andean sub-region on the other hand experienced negative terms-of-trade shocks. Any unexpected decline in prices presents its own risks as it would undo much of the growth in the value of exports that has been achieved in recent years.

LAC depends heavily on exports of primary goods and LAC’s therefore on commodity price exports were trends (see Box 1). After fallbuoyed by ing during the crisis, intercommodity national commodity prices prices began to rise again in mid2009 as a result of the resurgence in global demand, higher oil prices, and adverse weather conditions in key producing regions. Commodity prices rose on average 18 percent in 2010 (Figure 5). With the exception of crude oil, nearly all commodity prices had already recovered their pre-crisis levels by the middle of 2011. In 2012, the severe droughts in the United States and elsewhere have created upward pressure on the prices

The emergence of Asia as one of the key sources of deDeclining mand for LAC exports and the trade diverupward trend in commodity sification prices have reduced export diincreases versification. Figure 6 shows vulnerability the degree of export concentration, comparing the period 2009–2011 with the levels prevailing one decade earlier. In general, countries in South America with exports heavily oriented towards metals, minerals,

Figure 5 World Prices (Indices 2000 = 100)

Jan-2012

Aug-2011

Mar-2011

Oct-2010

Jul-2009

Dec-2009

May-2010

Apr-2008

Feb-2009

Sep-2008

Jan-2007

Jun-2007

Nov-2007

Oct-2005

Aug-2006

Mar-2006

Jul-2004

Dec-2004

250

May-2005

Apr-2003

300

Feb-2004

110

Jan-2002

350

Sep-2003

130

Jun-2002

400

150

Nov-2002

450

200 150

All Commodities

All Food

Raw Materials

Minerals, Ores and Metals

Crude Petroleum

Manufactures Unit Value Index

Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on UNCTAD and the Manufactures Unit Value Index of the Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.

Jan-2012

Aug-2011

Mar-2011

Oct-2010

May-2010

Dec-2009

Jul-2009

Feb-2009

Sep-2008

Apr-2008

Nov-2007

Jun-2007

Jan-2007

Aug-2006

Mar-2006

Oct-2005

May-2005

Dec-2004

Jul-2004

Feb-2004

Sep-2003

Apr-2003

Nov-2002

Jun-2002

Jan-2002

100

Overview

Box 1 Overview of Commodity Price Trends Commodity prices increased rapidly from 2003 to 2008, and returned to growth after the crisis (top figure). The events in commodity markets have affected LAC countries in different ways. As expected, countries with exports concentrated in minerals and fuel, such as the Andean countries, have registered the greatest fluctuations in their terms-of-trade (see bottom Figure). The Southern Cone sub-region (which includes Chile) and Mexico also experienced terms-of-trade gains during this period, while Central American food and energy importing countries registered a prolonged fall. These trends were temporarily abated during 2009 as a result of the crisis, but the pre-crisis pattern has resumed with the economic recovery: countries that export minerals, food, or fuel increased their gains while Central American terms-of-trade losses widened. While the increasing demand for commodities in China and other developing countries has played a critical role in recent price increases, there are also other explanatory factors. The depreciation of the US dollar created additional demand pressures on food markets as currencies of commodity importing countries became relatively stronger. Adverse weather conditions in a number of major producing countries have also added to food price volatility. In 2012 the severe drought in the US and elsewhere has especially impacted corn, wheat, and soybean prices, which are expected to have follow-on effects on livestock and meat prices. Finally, the growing concern about the pass-through of high commodity prices has led many food exporting economies to impose export restrictions, reducing total supply in international markets. Annualized Commodity Prices Change 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% –10% –20% –30% –40%

All Commodities

Food, Beverages and Vegetable Oilseeds

Agricultural Raw Materials

2003–2008

2009

Minerals, Ores and Metals 2010

Crude Petroleum

2011

Latin America: Terms of Trade Gain/Loss, as percentage of GDP 10% 12.8

10.0

6% 6.8

4% 2%

1.7

2.6

2.3

6.6

3.4 0.6

1.3

0.6

1.5

0% –2%

–1.8

–4% –6%

–2.4

–2.5

–3.5

Southern Cone

Andean Countries Avg. 2003–2007

2008

Central America 2009

Mexico

Avg. 2010–2011

Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID, ECLAC (for terms-of-trade figures) and IMF (for GDP figures).

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Figure 6 Export Concentration Index (Average 1999–2001 vs. Average 2009–2011) 0.7

(+2.1)

0.6

(–19.7) (+18.3)

0.5

(+66.9)

(+68.9)

(+31.2) (+1.5)

(+1.0)

0.3 0.2

(+8.3)

(+9.6) (+38.0)

(–6.8)

(–22.7)

(+16.7)

(–16.9) (+44.0)

(+24.0)

(+21.9)

0.4

(+34.1)

(–38.1) (–15.2)

(–4.7)

(+5.7) (+41.6)

(–9.0) (+9.7)

Southern Cone

Andean Countries

Central America and Mexico 1999–2001

TTO

SUR

JAM

HTI

GUY

BRB

BHS

MEX

PAN

NIC

HND

GTM

SLV

DOM

CRI

BLZ

VEN

PER

ECU

COL

BOL

URY

PRY

CHL

BRA

0.0

ARG

0.1

Caribbean Countries

2009–2011

Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID completed with UNCTAD estimates for Bahamas, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana (1999–2001), Haiti, Suriname, and Venezuela (2009–2011). Note: The index follows the Hirshman-Herfindahl methodology, where higher values imply more concentrated trade. Percentage change between the two periods in parentheses.

hydrocarbons, and food products registered the highest export concentration increases. Only a limited number of countries, mostly in Central America, have progressed towards greater export diversification over the past decade.

economy, which has not yet recovered to pre-crisis levels. As discussed in the next section, trade policy responses in the region have not always been consistent with this objective.

In sum, two major trends characterize LAC trade performance in the aftermath of the crisis. On one hand, there has been an increasing reliance on primary exports, which is largely due to the upward trend in global commodity prices. As a result, the concentration of exports has increased and the region remains vulnerable to terms-of-trade shocks. On the other hand, the crisis has accentuated the restructuring of geographic trading patterns with a shift away from the developed countries and toward larger developing countries, which have recently been the most vibrant sources of global demand. The extent to which the region will be able to address these risks and take advantage of opportunities will depend on its ability to deepen its integration into the world

Multilateral Trade Policies and Regulations Most Favored Nation (MFN) tariffs saw major reductions in the 1990s, and have remained relatively steady for the past decade. An examination of three benchmarks, the 1990s, 2001, and 2012, reveals that the most significant changes were in place by 2001 and occurred in the countries of South America (Figure 7). Since the early 2000s however, there has been less liberalization as the Doha round of multilateral trade negotiations has stagnated. Nor have there been systematic changes in tariffs in response to the financial crisis, though some countries have recently announced tariff revisions for limited

Overview

Figure 7 Average Applied MFN Tariffs (In percent, 1990s, 2001, and 2012) 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%

ARG

BOL

BRA

CHL

COL

CRI

ECU

GTM

HND

1990s

MEX

NIC

2001

PAN

PER

PRY

SLV

TTO

URY

VEN

2012

Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID, UNCTAD TRAINS, and ALADI data. Notes: Chile, Ecuador, and Trinidad and Tobago 2012 use 2010 data. Paraguay and Venezuela 2012 use 2009.

numbers of products.3 Policy responses have taken less transparent forms.

is likely to continue over time to reflect technological developments and increasingly sophisticated market

The annual number of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) notifications to the World Trade Organization (WTO) has increased steadily (Figure 8). Although this trend

For example, Brazil announced in September 2012 that tariffs would be increased for 100 products, with additional potential increases under review. Mexico, on the other hand, has undertaken in recent years to reduce MFN tariffs on a large number of products, most recently in September 2012 for several agricultural products. 3

Figure 8 Number of Non-Tariff Barriers Worldwide (SPS and TBT notifications to the WTO, 1995–2011) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400

Sanitary and phytosanitary measures

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

2011*

200

Technical barriers to trade

Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on World Trade Organization data. Note: 2011* figure includes only the first 9 months of the year. 9

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

regulations, these measures must be monitored carefully to ensure they do not present undue impediments to trade. There are also a growing number of private standards, which represent an additional hurdle for products seeking to enter major retail distribution channels, even if exports comply with government regulations.

NTBs are increasing in number

Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) are increasing in importance relNTBs impose ative to tariffs, and recent efgreater trade forts have estimated their costs than trade restrictiveness.4 In tariffs most cases NTBs are a more significant barrier to trade than traditional duties due to their potential lack of transparency, being composed of technical and procedural requirements. It is noteworthy that the barriers imposed by LAC countriesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; on their regional trading partners are in some cases even higher than those applied by the rest of the world, as visible in the bottom panel of Figure 9. This implies that regional cooperation to reduce these measures could produce meaningful benefits.5 A deeper analysis of sanitary and phytosanitary border rejections, which reflect one type of NTB, is presented in Box 2. Although based on the wholly legitimate need to ensure the safety of imported food and feed, SPS enforcement measures at the border can nonetheless be used discretionally and require vigilant monitoring. The financial crisis, and Much new more recently the slowing protection recovery, put pressure on governments to impose profaced by tectionist measures, although LAC is the impact of these restricintraregional tions has not been assessed. LAC both imposes and faces a higher percentage of new trade restrictions 10

than would be expected based on its share in global trade (Figure 10).6 Although LAC represents less than 6 percent of world trade, 30 percent of identified trade restrictions affect LAC exports, and of these restrictions about one third were imposed by other LAC countries. The region itself is thus a significant source of new protection faced by LAC exporters. New restrictive trade meaNew trade sures faced by LAC exporters have focused on manufacturrestrictions ing sectors rather than on priare imposed mary materials, being more mainly on often directed at value-added processed goods sectors and less often goods at agricultural products, ores, and fuels (Figure 11, top panel). Metal products, machinery and equipment, textiles and apparel, and other non-primary goods are the sectors most frequently affected by these measures. This pattern of evolving protectionism runs the risk of holding back progress in the diversification of exports. Breaking down the new measures by type reveals that LAC disproportionately faces tariffs and subsidies (Figure 11, bottom panel). Conversely, LAC countries are more likely than the global average to impose trade remedies and

New protection in LAC relies on trade remedies and NTBs

See Kee, Nicita, and Olarreaga, (2009); WTO (2012). IDB, World Bank, and ECLAC (2011) simulated the expected returns of various policy scenarios, including a reduction of NTB costs, finding that a 30 percent reduction in these costs would lead to an increase in intra-regional trade of nearly 10 percent. As a comparison, completely eliminating tariffs within LAC is estimated to yield only about a 5 percent increase in regional trade. 6 Based on data from the Global Trade Alert Project (www.globaltradealert.org). While the GTA database is the only comprehensive source to assess protectionist measures worldwide, its data need to be interpreted with caution, considering its partial coverage of LAC countries. 4 5

Overview

Figure 9 Trade Restrictions Faced and Imposed by LAC a. Tariffs Imposed by LAC (Avg. tariffs including preferences, trade weighted, 2008) 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%

BRB

SUR

VEN

BLZ

JAM

COL

PAN

GUY

BRA

ECU

ARG DOM TTO

BOL

CRI

URY

NIC

PRY HND

SLV

GTM PER MEX CHL

b. Non-Tariff Barriers Imposed by LAC (Avg. restrictiveness, trade weighted, 2008) 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%

BRA

VEN

GTM

COL

MEX

PER

URY

NIC

PRY

BOL

ARG

CHL

SLV

HND

CRI

c. Tariffs Faced by LAC (Avg. tariffs including preferences, trade weighted, 2008) 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%

SUR

TTO

BOL

MEX

VEN

HTI

BHS

PER

DOM

HND

CHL

CRI

COL

GTM

SLV

NIC

ECU

LAC

SEA

JAM

ARG

PRY

BRA

PAN

BRB

BLZ

URY

GUY

10%

d. Non-Tariff Barriers Faced by LAC (Avg. restrictiveness, trade weighted, 2008) 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

BOL

URY

HND

SLV

NIC

ARG

CHL

GTM

NTBs imposed by world

PRY

PER

BRA

CRI

COL

MEX

VEN

NTBs imposed by LAC

Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector base on INTradeBID, UNCTAD TRAINS, and Kee et al. (2009). 11

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

non-tariff barriers, and are far less likely to use subsidies. The significant reliance on NTBs reinforces the need for continued monitoring of these measures.

defendants in cases brought by extra-regional complainants, but there have been few such cases in recent years. Pending cases are predominantly among LAC countries.

LAC is also disproportionately involved in WTO dispute settlement cases, despite an overall downward trend (Figure 12).7 LAC participation typically has varied between 25 percent and 40 percent of all disputes in recent years, compared to its 6 percent share of world trade. Moreover the region is more often the complainant than the defendant. Historically, LAC countries were frequently

LAC frequently resorts to the WTO dispute settlement mechanism

In sum, the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean face increasing protectionism in global markets, including markets within their own region. As such, LAC is both suffering from and contributing to this phenomenon. The hemisphere has multiple regional and sub-regional mechanisms for coordination of trade policy, which could be used to address,

Based on data from WTO Dispute Settlement Database at www. wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e.htm. 7

Box 2 SPS Border Rejections Causes and Products Affected United States and European data on SPS-related border rejections illustrate the NTB challenges. Shipments can be rejected at the border for a large array of reasons, including goods simply being decomposed, incompletely or incorrectly labeled, or containing impermissible levels of pesticides, bacteria, or other contaminants. These rejections are the outcome of complex regulations, which can be expensive for exporters to comply with, and in many cases can be administered unpredictably. Data from INTradeBID show that the reasons for border rejections remained fairly stable in the United States (US) through the crisis, while shifting in Europe. The left figure illustrates the relative shares of border rejection causes in the US and the European Union (EU) for the pre- and post-crisis periods. The share of unapproved additives and bacterial contamination has fallen significantly in the EU in recent years, from one half of cases in 2003–2007 to only 16 percent since 2008. These

Border Rejections of LAC Exports, by Cause (Percent of total, 2003–2007 vs. 2008–2012) 100%

90% 80%

10% 24%

70% 60% 50% 40% 30%

19% 23%

25% 19%

9% 24% 2003–2007

13% 6% 3% 2008–2012*

European Union

24%

3% 2%

20% 10%

13%

27%

26% 19%

12%

8% 2003–2007

2008–2012*

United States

Veterinary Drug Pesticide Packaging Other Contaminants Other causes Mycotoxin Labeling Hygienic Condition/controls Heavy Metals Bacteria Adulteration / Missing Document Additive

Overview

limit, and reverse this emergent protectionist trend. The next section examines the state of regional integration and cooperation.

Regionalism and Preferential Trade Policies In the context of slow progress in the multilateral trading system, LAC countries have relied heavily on preferential trading arrangements as a key trade policy tool, and continue to innovate and expand their trade

Regionalism has increased in LAC, covering most trade

agreement networks. Preferential trade is therefore increasingly important for many countries. Of the 21 countries for which data are available, 16 show an increase in the share of exports to preferential partners over the past decade (Figure 13). The growth in preferential trade was particularly important for Central America, reflecting the entry into force of FTAs with major trading partners such as the United States and Mexico, and also the growing importance of trade among Central American countries over the past decade. In the case of countries where FTAs cover a lower share of trade than a decade ago, commodity prices and extra-regional demand have driven their export growth. The growth of non-preferential commodity

reasons for rejection have been replaced by rejections for other contaminants (predominantly mycotoxins in peanuts) and judgments that goods are unclean or decomposed. The increase in EU rejections for hygienic condition of goods was largely for fish and fishery products and for fruits and fruit products. In the right figure, the share of fish in overall rejections fell, meaning that hygienic condition-controls significantly increased its share as the reason for fish rejections. In the US, a relative drop in rejections for pesticides in vegetables was offset by more rejections for incorrect labeling and bacterial contaminants. Border Rejections of LAC Exports, by Product (Percent of total, 2003–2007 vs. 2008–2012) 100% 90%

6% 8%

80% 70%

5% 20% 4% 10%

40% 30%

3% 11% 10%

37% 30%

20% 10%

20% 39%

29%

60% 50%

18%

6% 12%

10%

2003–2007 2008–2012* European Union

3% 7% 15% 14% 4% 13%

11% 6% 5% 5% 2003–2007 2008–2012* United States

Others Vegetables and vegetable products Sauces, condiments and seasonings Products of animal origin Other processed foods Nuts, nuts products and seeds Meat and meat products Herbs and spices Fruits and fruit products Food additive Fish and fishery products Feed materials Fats and oils Dairy, eggs and honey Confectionary and sugar Cereals and bakery products Beverages

Sources: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID with data from the EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) and US FDA Import Refusal Report for OASIS. Note: 2012 is through July.

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Figure 10â&#x20AC;&#x201A; Relative Distribution of New Trade Protectionist Measures (Red end of spectrum = highest frequency; green end of spectrum = lowest frequency, April 2009-March 2012) Total Measures Enacted

Enactors of Measures Faced by LAC

Countries Affected by LAC Measures

Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on data from Global Trade Alert. 14

Overview

Figure 11â&#x20AC;&#x201A; Trade Protectionist Measures Faced and Imposed by LAC, by Sector and Type a. Percent frequency with which each sector in LAC is affected in the global sample 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Agriculture

Ores and minerals

Food, tobacco; textiles, apparel

Metal products, machinery and equipment

Other goods

Services

b. Percent share of all measures 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Trade Remedies

NTB

Subsidies Global

LAC-Faced

Tariffs

Other

LAC-Imposed

Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on data from Global Trade Alert. Note: Measures can affect multiple sectors.

exports, particularly by Brazil and Argentina to Asia, overwhelmed that of preferential exports. Second, many of these countries, such as Argentina, Brazil, and Trinidad and Tobago, generally have taken a slower approach to expanding their preferential networks over this period.8 Agreements concluded in recent years are listed in Table 2. All are important for deepening trade and integration, but three recent developments merit particular mention. First, while Venezuela and MERCOSUR had

LAC countries continued to expand FTA networks

begun liberalization of trade in 2005, the incorporation of Venezuela as a full member of the bloc implies its integration into the institutional structure of the group. Second, the consolidation of the three existing agreements between Mexico and the five countries of the Central American Common Market (CACM) into

Despite surging copper prices, this phenomenon is not reflected in Chile as it has been concluding trade agreements with most of its major trading partners, including Japan, China, and Korea, during this period. Peru has also been diversifying its trade policy by concluding FTAs with its Asian trading partners, including recent agreements with Singapore, China, and Korea, although these agreements had not entered into force during the period analyzed in Figure 13. 8

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Figure 12 Dispute Settlement Cases Brought to the WTO (Geographic breakdown by number of cases (left axis); share involving LAC countries (right axis), 2000–2012) 20

80%

70%

60%

14 12

50%

40%

30%

20%

LAC as Defendant

LAC as Complainant

Intra-LAC Dispute

2012*

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

10% 2000

% share involving LAC (rt axis)

Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on WTO dispute settlement database. Note: 2012* covers the period through July 31.

Figure 13 Exports to Global FTA Partners as Percentage of Total Exports (1999–2001 average versus 2009–2011 average) (+1.3)

MEX CHL

(+54.0)

PRY

(+4.9)

BOL

(+35.7)

SLV

(+10.3) (–5.7)

BRB GTM

(+16.0) (–6.3)

URY

(–1.9)

ARG NIC

(+24.8)

VEN

(+24.7)

COL

(+17.7)

ECU

(+20.4)

CRI

(+18.3)

HND

(+5.6)

PER

(+16.2) (–5.6)

TTO BRA PAN

(+0.1)

BLZ

(+1.9) (–0.2)

JAM

(+1.5)

10%

20%

30%

40% Average 1999–2001

Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID. Note: Percentage point change between the two periods in parentheses.

50%

60% Average 2009–2011

70%

80%

90%

100%

Overview

Table 2 Recent FTAs Signed and Under Negotiation by LAC Countries (2009–2012) In Force Chile – Australia FTA (2009)

Colombia – Canada (2011)

Chile – Colombia (2009)*

Colombia – EFTA (2011)

Chile – Peru (2009)*

Peru – EFTA (2011)

MERCOSUR – India (2009)

Peru – Republic of Korea (2011)

Peru – Canada (2009)

Peru – Thailand (2011)

Peru – United States (2009)

Chile – Malaysia (2012)

Peru – Singapore (2009)

Colombia – Venezuela (2012)*

Bolivia – Mexico (2010)*

Colombia – United States (2012)

Colombia – Northern Triangle (2010)

Mexico – Peru (2012)*

Peru – People’s Republic of China (2010)

Panama – Peru (2012)

Chile – Turkey (2011)

Peru – Japan (2012)

Costa Rica – People’s Republic of China (2011) Signed – Not yet in force Central America – EU (2010)

Panama – United States (2011)

Costa Rica – Singapore (2010)

Chile – Vietnam (2011)

Colombia – Peru – EU (2010)

Pacific Alliance (2012) Under Negotiation

Central America – Peru

MERCOSUR – Pakistan

Chile – Thailand

Mexico – Republic of Korea

Colombia – Japan

Mexico – Singapore

Colombia – Republic of Korea

Paraguay – Taipei, China

Colombia – Turkey

Trans-Pacific Partnership

Dominican Republic – Taipei, China Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on agreement data from INTradeBID. Note: *Renegotiation of existing or expired agreements. Year of entry into force and signature in parentheses.

a single framework on the one hand, and the formal launch of the Pacific Alliance9 on the other, constitute concrete progress in an important new approach to regionalism in LAC that seeks to reduce the complexity of the regional FTA network. Finally in the Caribbean, in contrast, there has been uncertainty as the effectiveness of the CARICOM has been discussed at the highest level. Additionally, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC in Spanish), as well as the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) in South America, and the Mesoamerican

Project have all been strengthened as frameworks to facilitate regional and sub-regional cooperation on economic integration and development. LAC countries are also looking to partners farther abroad for new agreements. The majority of recent The Pacific Alliance is a framework agreement among Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru designed to promote better articulation of the existing trade agreements and to promote deeper economic integration among these countries. Costa Rica, Panama, and Uruguay are observer countries. 9

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

FTAs signed by LAC countries, as well as most of the Most new negotiations currently unFTA partners der way, are with partners are outside outside the region. Recent the region examples include the conclusion of negotiations with the European Union by Central America, Colombia, and Peru. Also, Chile and Peru have agreements in force with Japan and are participating in the TransPacific Partnership (TPP) negotiations with countries in Asia and the Pacific, as well as the United States. Mexico and Canada have been invited to join the TPP, with their accession pending formal ratification. MERCOSUR has negotiated agreements of more limited scope with the South African Customs Union and India. Through these agreements, the countries of the region are seeking increased connection with the global economy. Although the hemisphere is still a long way from full FTA coverage, most LAC countries have already taken advantage of the biggest opportunities for such agreements within the region. While only 28 percent of all possible country pairs are currently covered by an FTA,10 the share of regional exports between FTA partners had already exceeded 70 percent by the late 1990s (Figure 14). The principal regional trading relationships are nearly all covered by FTAs, and the main “missing links”—country pairs without FTAs—involve Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean vis-à-vis countries in South America. This is not to argue that further FTAs should not be negotiated among regional parties. Although the existing level of trade is relatively small in the regional missing links, further strengthening of trade relations within LAC could facilitate the development of regional value chains and promote investment.

Regional “missing links” cover little trade

Existing trade agreements will Existing soon be fully implemented in terms of tariff elimination, imregional FTAs plying that new stimulus to rehave nearly gional trade will have to be completed driven by a new generation of implementareforms. Tariff liberalization tion in the agreements negotiated through 2000 has already run most of its course (Figure 15). Newer FTAs on average eliminate tariffs much more quickly. Whether this is associated with lower preference margins due to lower MFN tariffs, the fact that newer FTAs tend to be signed with smaller and more distant partners, the reality that most products are already liberalized with principal trading partners, or simply a more ambitious liberalization approach is not determined in the data, but all are likely factors. In any case, by 2020 all existing FTAs in the region will have nearly all tariff elimination completed. Trade policymakers will therefore have to address new issues to reduce trade costs. Economic integration agreeIntegration ments in areas other than trade in goods have also been is still most defined mainly around longadvanced established sub-regional inwithin stitutions. The regulation of traditional cross-border investment, be sub-regions it through FTA provisions or Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), is illustrative in this regard. Figure 16 shows that coverage of FTAs and investment provisions are fairly similar. Only a few countries have advanced in the regulation of investment beyond their own subregion. Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador stand out in this regard. The hemispheric integration architecture is therefore still incomplete and segmented. This includes those trade agreements where at least 80 percent of products are included in the tariff liberalization process. 10

Overview

Figure 14 Increasing Regional FTA Density 100%

CARICOM

30% 20% 10%

ACE 58, ACE 59

40%

MERCOSUR-CHL

MERCOSUR, CACM

50%

Andean Community

70% 60%

MERCOSUR-BOL, G-3

80%

Mexico-Northern Triangle

90%

CACM-Panama, CHL-COL, and COL-Northern Triangle Agreements

(Percent share of possible bilateral country relationships and of exports)

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Share of Intra-LAC Exports between FTA Partners

Bilateral FTA Density

Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector, based on agreement data from INTradeBID, WTO, and OAS SICE; trade data from IMF Direction of Trade Statistics. Note: FTA density is calculated as the share of total possible bilateral relationships among LAC countries where there is currently and FTA in force.

As preferential trade becomes the norm, countries began to address the inefficiencies created by overlapping networks of free trade agreements. The criteria for defining which goods are eligible for

preferences—the Rules of Origin (RoO)—can limit preferential access and have at times acted as new barriers to trade. Origin provisions vary across agreements, and the divergence of RoO regimes

Figure 15 Liberalization Trajectories of Intra-Hemispheric FTAs (Average percent share of tariff lines duty-free by year, grouped by year of entry into force) 100% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55%

Entry into Force

1990–2000

2001–2005

2025

2020

2015

2010

2005

2000

50%

2006–2008

Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID, WTO, and OAS SICE data. 19

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Figure 16â&#x20AC;&#x201A; Coverage of Regional Trade Agreements and Bilateral Investment Treaties in LAC (Darker cells represent agreements in force)

CRI SLV GTM HND MEX NIC PAN DOM

BOL COL ECU PER VEN

ARG BRA PRY URY CHL

BHS BRB BLZ GUY HTI JAM SUR TTO

ARG BRA PRY URY CHL

BOL COL ECU PER VEN

CRI SLV GTM HND MEX NIC PAN DOM

Coverage of BITs & Investment Provisions in FTAs, 2012 (Darker cells represent agreements in force)

BHS BRB BLZ GUY HTI JAM SUR TTO

ARG BRA PRY URY CHL

BOL COL ECU PER VEN

CRI SLV GTM HND MEX NIC PAN DOM

FTA Coverage, 2012 (Darker cells represent agreements in force)

Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID, WTO, OAS SICE, and UNCTAD data.

across FTAs entails signifiLack of cant costs for exporters, who are saddled with information cumulation and administrative costs in of origin addition to potentially highprevents reer costs of production. As gional scale FTAs have proliferated and economies evolved, exporters have faced increasing differences in the rules applicable to their products in different export destinations. Figure 17 illustrates the negative relationship between the number of agreements a country signs and their level of convergence. Another implication of the RoO tangle is that the lack of cumulation provisions limits potential scale economies. LACâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s more prolific FTA signatories are tied into large global networks of preferential agreements, even if their economies are small. But they cannot take advantage of all negotiated preferences if their supply chains span several preferential partners under different agreements, limiting efficiency 20

gains and therefore competitiveness.11 If groups of countries with complete networks of FTAs were to permit materials eligible for preferences under one FTA to be used in exports to partners in other FTAs, i.e. to be cumulated, these obstacles to competitiveness would be eliminated. These issues suggest that the market access agenda within LAC must increasingly focus on the convergence and interconnection of existing agreements. Several ongoing integration initiatives in the region are consolidating multiple agreements, as in the case in Mexico and the Central American Common Market.

For example, in the Chile-Mexico FTA, the two countries both have agreements with the same third parties including the EU, the US, and Japan. However, the RoO in these agreements may disqualify a final product from Chile that uses components from Mexico from receiving tariff preferences in the US even though the components would enter the US duty-free if exported directly from Mexico. A hypothetical Chilean producer must therefore choose between sourcing in Mexico or utilizing preferences when exporting to the US, limiting the potential for regional scale economies. 11

Overview

Figure 17 Proliferation of Trade Agreements and Divergence of Rules of Origin (Level of convergence of rules of origin vs. number of intra-hemispheric agreements in force in 2010, in percent)

% of Products with Convergent Rules

100%

BLZ CAN

80%

URY PER BRA

USA

ARG

60%

ECU GTM HND NIC

PAN

20%

MEX

SLV

40%

VEN 0

CRI

PRY

BOL 4

CHL

COL 8

Number of Trade Agreements Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on Estevadeordal et al. (2009) and INTradeBID. Note: Rules for a product are considered convergent if the same rule is specified for at least half of a country’s agreements.

Other negotiations aim to develop more complex mechConvergence anisms for rationalizing a is the next larger network of agreements frontier in and promoting cumulation, regional such as the Pacific Alliance. trade policy More broadly, the next challenge for regional trade policy is to create broader economic spaces for more efficient regional trade that promotes the competitiveness of LAC countries in global markets. But the existing approach to regionalism needs to be adapted if it is to continue to promote trade and economic growth.

Conclusion Following the great recession, LAC exports recovered 27 percent in 2010 and grew an additional 24 percent in 2011. However, in 2012 trade performance is expected to moderate due to the slowdown in world economic activity and increasing uncertainty in key

LAC trading partners. This report has analyzed LAC trade performance and policies since the crisis and has highlighted the following trends:

••

There has been a realignment of trading partners towards larger developing countries, particularly China, which were less affected by the global crisis, but are now beginning to decelerate. There has been a resurgence in the importance of primary exports from LAC, with South American commodities exporters driving the region’s export growth. Whether trade expansion will continue into the future depends not only on sustained global demand, but also on the longer-term trends in the geographic distribution of economic activity and on the evolution of commodity prices.

Reductions in tariffs at the multilateral level have increased the relative importance of non-tariff barriers. At the same time, global protectionism is rising, introducing further measures that reduce the 21

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

transparency of trade barriers. This has the following implications for the region:

••

Estimates of the costs imposed by NTBs indicate that in many cases LAC countries both apply and face higher burdens from NTBs than they do from customs duties. LAC countries face similar NTBs imposed by their trading partners within the region as they do from the world as a whole, implying that regional cooperation in this area may bring about significant economic benefits. Since the crisis, LAC imposed and faced new trade restrictions, and is involved in WTO dispute settlement cases, at a rate disproportionate to its share of world trade.

LAC trade policy has emphasized regional and bilateral preferential agreements. This, coupled with a global environment of low and relatively stable MFN tariffs, yields the following conclusions:

•• ••

••

Preferential trade has increased in relative importance for many regional economies. Countries have mostly availed themselves of the best opportunities for expanding trade in the region through the traditional FTA agenda. The biggest remaining FTA opportunities for LAC countries tend to lie outside of the region, and can serve to deepen their insertion into global markets. Inconsistent provisions among FTAs, create higher information and administrative costs for traders and supply chain inefficiencies due to restrictive rules on third-party inputs. Convergence of FTAs, with provisions for expanded cumulation within existing agreement networks, would allow countries of the region to better access global markets and more fully exploit regional economies of scale.

Overview

References Estevadeordal, A., J. T. Harris, and K. Suominen. 2009. “Harmonizing Preferential Origin Regimes around the World.” In R. Baldwin and P. Low (eds.), Multilateralizing Regionalism: Challenges for the Global Trading System. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Estevadeordal, A., and K. Suominen. 2009. Bridging Regional Trade Agreements in the Americas. Special Report on Integration and Trade. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. Global Trade Alert. www.globaltradealert.org. Inter-American Development Bank. 2011. One Region, Two Speeds? Challenges of the New Economic Order for Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. Inter-American Development Bank, World Bank, and United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. 2010. Bridging Integration Gaps: Scenarios and Policy Recommendations to Promote Physical Infrastructure and Reduce Intra-Regional Trade Costs. Policy discussion brief presented to the Third Meeting of the Finance Ministers of the Americas and the Caribbean, Lima, Peru, May 28. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.

Inter-American Development Bank, World Bank, and United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. 2011. Investing in Integration: The Returns from Software-Hardware Complementaries. Policy discussion brief presented to the Fourth Meeting of the Finance Ministers of the Americas and the Caribbean, Calgary, Canada, March 26. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. Kee, H. L., A. Nicita, and M. Olarreaga. 2009. “Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices.” Economic Journal (Royal Economic Society) 119 (January): 172–99. United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. 2012. Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy 2011-2012: Continuing crisis in the centre and new opportunities for developing economies. Santiago: United Nations. World Trade Organization. 2012. World Trade Report 2012: Trade and public policies: A closer look at nontariff measures in the 21st century. Geneva: World Trade Organization. World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Database. www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e.htm.

Country Profiles

Country Profiles in the following pages present an overview of the performance and structure of international trade for each country as well as its multilateral and preferential trade policies. These include:

• • • • • • •

Economy Size. GDP, population, and recent GDP growth rate Broad Trade Indicators. Total Exports, Imports, and Current Account Balance Non-Preferential Tariffs. Most Favored Nation tariff summary including average tariff level, minimum and maximum tariffs, and the frequency of each. Direction of Trade. Top 10 principal trading partners for exports and imports. Concentration of Trade. Degree of concentration of exports both in terms of products and trading partners. Sectoral Breakdown and Technological Content of Exports. Recent evolution of exports categorized by technology content and by UNCTAD sector. Preferential Trade. Map of preferential trading partners, recent evolution of preferential vs. non-preferential trade flows, and the relative importance of preferential partners and the degree of liberalization under FTAs as of 2012.

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Agreement Profiles

The Agreement Profiles in the following pages present a summary of the prominent aspects of each agreement for a selected set of Free Trade Agreements in force in Latin America and the Caribbean, including the following:

• • • • • • • • •

Agreement Members. List of agreement signatories for which the agreement is in force. Members’ Non-preferential tariff level. The average MFN tariff level for each member, indicating the average level of preference granted to other members. Entry into Force. Date on which the agreement became effective for each member. Intra-Agreement Trade. The recent evolution of trade flows between members of the agreement, as well as the share in each member’s total exports represented by intra-agreement exports. Product Coverage. Percent of products (tariff lines) and of trade with tariffs completely eliminated at different points over the coming years, or excluded from coverage. Agreement in the context of the regional “Spaghetti Bowl”. A map identifying agreement members, as well as all other countries with which some or all members have FTAs in force. Tariff Rate Quotas and Rules of Origin. Summary of the number and coverage of tariff rate quotas and the criteria used in the rules of origin. Top Traded Products. Identifies the principal products exported by each member country to agreement partners. Exclusions. Identifies HS Chapters containing the most trade excluded from tariff liberalization under the agreement.

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Data Sources and Methodological notes

Overview Figures Figure 1. Gross Domestic Product Annual percentage change, in constant prices, 2000–2012. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on data from IMF World Economic Outlook. Note: 2012 data are estimates. Figure 2. World Trade Volume Growth Annualized percentage change of six-month moving average over the previous six-month moving average, based on seasonally adjusted monthly series, 2008–2012. Seasonally adjusted monthly series are obtained from CPB. Growth rate is calculated on the weighted average of imports and exports, using the 2000 trade values as weights. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on indices by the Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis (CPB). Figure 3. Contribution to Export Growth of Goods by Selected Destination Percent increase in exports attributable to selected destinations, 2009–2011. Calculated as the increase in exports to each destination as a share of previous-period total exports. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID and national data, supplemented with UNCTAD for Dominican Republic and Venezuela. Note: Caribbean (4) includes Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago.

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Figure 4. Latin America: Trade of Goods as Percentage of GDP Trend over Time – Simple average, 1985–2011 Position of the data point for each year with respect to the 45-degree diagonal line indicates the change with respect to the previous year. Points above the line indicate an increase. Points below the line indicate a decrease. Before and after the Crisis – Simple and weighted averages, 2006–07 vs. 2010–11 Position of the data point for each year with respect to the 45-degree diagonal line indicates the change with respect to the pre-crisis level. Countries above the line have trade as a share of GDP that has exceeded the pre-crisis level. The LAC weighted average uses GDP as weights. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID, UNCTAD (for trade data before 1995), and IMF for GDP. Notes: Latin America, also denoted as LA(SA) in the right panel, is the simple average of 17 countries’ ratios (IDB 26 borrowing member countries, excluding Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Panama, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago) ratio. LA(WA) is the weighted average. Figure 5. World Prices Indices 2000 = 100. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on UNCTAD and the Manufactures Unit Value Index of the Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. Figure 6. Export Concentration Index By country, average 1999–2001 vs. average 2009–2011. Higher values imply greater concentration; percentage change between the two periods in parentheses. The basic form of the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) is defined as: N

∑ i =1 si2 where s is the export share of product i in the total exports and N is the total number of products, with higher values of HHI representing more concentrated exports. By following the UNCTAD’s methodology, a normalized index H is used in order to obtain values ranking from 0 to 1 (maximum concentration): n

∑ i =1

()

1–

xi x

–

1 n

Where xi is the value of exports of product i, X is the total exports and n the number of products based on the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC), Revision 3 classification at 3-digit group level with a maximum number of 261. It includes only those products that are greater than US$100,000 or more than 0.3 per cent of the country’s or country group’s total exports or imports. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID completed with UNCTAD estimates for Bahamas, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana (1999–2001), Haiti, Suriname, and Venezuela (2009–2011). 136

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Figure 7. Average Applied MFN Tariffs, by Country In percent, 1990s, 2001 and 2012. Early benchmark is 1990 for the ALADI countries and 1995 for Central America and Trinidad and Tobago Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID, UNCTAD TRAINS, FTAA Hemispheric Database, and ALADI data. Note: Chile and Trinidad and Tobago 2012 use 2010 data. Paraguay and Venezuela 2012 use 2009. Averages are calculated at the tariff line level, except in the case of Argentina, where national tariff-line data are first averaged at the six-digit product level. The 1990s benchmark consists of 1990 data for Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela; 1995 data for Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; and 1997 data for Panama and Trinidad and Tobago. The substantial variation in the year used for the 1990s benchmark reflects the timing of major tariff reductions as well as data availability constraints. Figure 8. Number of Non-tariff Barriers Worldwide Annual number of notifications of sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade to the World Trade Organization (1995–2012*). Increases in the number of notifications will reflect not only the number of measures implemented in WTO members, but also better notification of existing measures, and accession of new WTO members. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on World Trade Organization data. Note: 2011* figure includes only the first 9 months of the year. Figure 9. Trade Restrictions Faced and Imposed by LAC Tariffs Imposed by LAC – Avg. tariffs including preferences, trade weighted, 2010 Note: 2009 data is used for Bolivia, Honduras, Paraguay, and Venezuela, 2010 data for Chile and Trinidad and Tobago. Averages are calculated at the tariff-line level, except in the case of Argentina, where national tariff-line data are first averaged at the six-digit product level. Non-tariff Barriers Imposed by LAC – Average Restrictiveness (ad valorem equivalent), trade weighted, 2008. Tariffs Faced by LAC – Avg. tariffs including preferences, trade weighted, 2008 Note: 2009 data is used for Bolivia, Honduras, Paraguay, and Venezuela. Averages are calculated at the tariff-line level, except in the case of Argentina, where national tariff-line data are first averaged at the six-digit product level. Non-Tariff Barriers Faced by LAC – Average Restrictiveness (ad valorem equivalent), trade weighted, 2008 Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID database, UNCTAD Trains, and Kee, Nicita, and Olarreaga (2009).

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Figure 10. Relative Distribution of Trade Protectionist Measures Red end of spectrum = highest frequency; green end of spectrum = lowest frequency, April 2008– March 2012. Total Measures Enacted Number of measures enacted ranges from one to 233. Countries without shading have no new trade-restrictive measures reported. Enactors of Measures Faced by LAC Number of measures enacted that affect LAC ranges from one to 91. Countries without shading have no new trade-restrictive measures reported that affect LAC exports. Countries Affected by LAC Measures Number of measures enacted by LAC countries affecting each country ranges from one to 257. Countries without shading are not affected by new trade-restrictive measures reported in LAC countries. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on data from Global Trade Alert as of March 2012. Figure 11. Trade Protectionist Measures Faced by LAC, by Sector and Type Percent frequency with which each sector is affected. Note: Measures can affect multiple sectors. Percent share of all measures. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on data from Global Trade Alert as of March 2012. Figure 12. Dispute Settlement Cases Brought to the WTO Geographic breakdown by number of cases (left axis); share involving LAC countries (right axis), 2000–2012. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on WTO dispute settlement database. Note: 2012 covers the period through July 31, 2012. Figure 13. Exports to All FTA Partners as Percentage of Total Exports By country, 1999–2001 average versus 2009–2011 average. The analysis includes all full-scope FTAs in force, where at least 80% of products are included in the tariff elimination program of the agreement. The averages include only FTAs which were in force for the entire 4-year period. Note: Percentage point change between the two periods in parentheses. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID.

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Figure 14. Increasing Regional FTA Density Percent share of possible bilateral country relationships and of exports. The FTA density is the share of total possible bilateral relationships where there is currently an FTA in force. The density indicator is calculated as follows: -i -j xij ,

n(n-1)

where xij is a dummy that is assigned a value of one when there is an FTA between countries i and j, n is the number of countries, and thus is the number of bilateral country combinations, which in the case of the IDB’s 26 borrowing members will take a value of 650. See Capannelli, Lee, and Petri (2009) for more background on the FTA density measure and the associated matrix of trade agreements that underlies it. Some FTAs accounting for major contributions to density are labeled in the chart, though not all FTAs are labeled. The definition of FTAs applied here includes customs unions, regional free trade agreements notified to the World Trade Organization, and also the more ambitious trade agreements concluded within the ALADI framework. The exact criterion used is those trade agreements where at least 80 percent of subheadings are included in the tariff liberalization process, below which coverage drops precipitously. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector, based on agreement data from INTradeBID, WTO, and OAS SICE data; and trade data from IMF Direction of Trade Statistics. Figure 15: Liberalization Trajectories of Intra-Hemispheric FTAs Average percent share of tariff lines duty-free by year, grouped by year of entry into force. A simple incidence measure of duty-free tariff lines in each concession under each agreement is calculated, and an average is then calculated for the concessions entering into force within different periods. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID, WTO, and OAS SICE data. Figure 16. Coverage of Regional Trade Agreements and Bilateral Investment Treaties in LAC FTA Coverage, 2012 – Darker cells represent agreements in force. FTAs are included if they provide tariff elimination for at least 80% of products. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector, based on INTradeBID, WTO, and OAS SICE data. Coverage of BITs & Investment Provisions in FTAs, 2012 – Darker cells represent agreements in force. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID database, OAS SICE and UNCTAD data.

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Figure 17. Proliferation of Trade Agreements and Divergence of Rules of Origin Level of convergence of rules of origin versus number of intra-hemispheric agreements in force in 2010, in percent. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on Estevadeordal et al. (2009) and INTradeBID. Convergence is calculated based on a detailed index of restrictiveness of rules of origin at the product level. Index values are compared for each 6-digit HS product across agreements for each country. A product is considered convergent if the same index value is obtained for the product in at least 50% of the country’s agreements. The left axis of the figure measures the share of products that meet this criterion for each country’s set of agreements in force. Note: Rules for a product are considered convergent if the same rule is specified for at least half of a country’s agreements.

Tables Table 1. Trade in Goods by Country and by Sub-region In billions of $US and as percentage of GDP. Exports (fob), Imports (fob), Balance of Goods, Balance of Goods as percentage of GDP. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID and national sources, and GDP data from IMF World Economic Outlook. Notes: Exports are reported on the basis of FOB values, and Imports on the basis of CIF except for Brazil, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, and Suriname which are in FOB terms. Table 2: Recent FTAs Signed and Under Negotiation by LAC Countries, 2009–present Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector, based on agreement data from INTradeBID.

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Boxes Box 1. Overview of Commodity Price Trends Annualized Commodity Prices Change – 2003–2008, 2009, 2010, 2011. Latin America: Terms of Trade Gain/Loss – As percentage of GDP. Average 2003–2007, 2008, 2009, Average 2010–2011. Note: The terms of trade gain/loss is calculated by the difference between the purchasing power of exports and real exports. Sources: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID, ECLAC (for terms of trade figures) and IMF (for GDP figures). Box 2. Causes of SPS Rejections and Products Affected Top: Border Rejections of LAC Exports by Cause – Percent of total, 2003–2007 vs. 2008–2012*. Bottom: Border Rejections of LAC Exports by Product – Percent of total, 2003–2007 vs. 2008–2012*. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTradeBID with data from the European Union Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF), and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Import Refusal Report for OASIS. Note: 2012* is through July.

Country Profiles GDP and Population figures from World Bank World Development Indicators and IMF International Financial Statistics. MFN Tariff data from INTradeBID. Destination of Exports/Source of Imports based on 2011 figures from INTradeBID/DataINTAL. Trade with unidentified partners included in “Rest of the World.” Exports to FTA Partners includes total exports to countries with which the reporting country has an FTA in force. FTAs are defined as trade agreements that fully eliminate tariffs on 80 percent or more of Harmonized System subheadings. Changes over time reflect both the growth of exports to preferential FTA partners and the entry into force of FTAs with new partners. Partner countries with FTAs in force defined as of September 1, 2012. Preferential Trade Agreements based on INTradeBID. Share of total Exports (X) and Imports (M) are total flows, not necessarily trade flows benefiting from preferences. Notes: Some trade data for the Bahamas, Belize, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago, as well as data for countries outside the Western hemisphere have been obtained from UN Comtrade and the IMF Direction of Trade Statistics. Use of the phrase “Taipei China”, or of the ISO country code “TWN”, does not in any way reflect a position by the Bank or any of its member countries regarding issues of national sovereignty or diplomatic recognition. 141

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Agreement Profiles Trade Agreement data from INTradeBID. GDP and population figures from World Bank World Development Indicators and IMF International Financial Statistics. MFN Tariff data from INTradeBID. Intra-agreement trade flows based on figures from INTradeBID/DataINTAL. Percent of tariff lines duty free calculations based on INTradeBID. Percent of trade duty free based on the structure of trade in 2009. Where agreement tariff elimination schedules were negotiated in a nomenclature different from the 2009 trade figures, the year in which trade in a given subheading is considered duty free is the maximum of the duty-free years of all of the tariff lines from the agreement annex that correlate to that subheading. Thus, the methodology gives a conservative estimate of when the tariffs on that trade will be eliminated. Overlapping trade agreements. The map indicates which additional countries are covered by FTAs with one or more of the members of the FTA in question. Members of the agreement in question are colored light blue, countries that have FTAs with any, but not all of the FTA members are colored dark blue, and countries that also have FTAs with all members of the FTA in question are colored medium blue. Tariff rate quotas and rules of origin qualification criteria based on INTradeBID. Percentages of origin qualification criteria do not add to 100 percent because the rule for a given product may apply more than one criteria simultaneously. Where the rules offer more than one alternative method for demonstrating origin, the criteria of the first alternative is used. Principal products traded intra-agreement. The Harmonized System (HS) chapter with the greatest amount of intraregional exports is identified. Top excluded chapter: The HS chapter with the greatest amount of trade in products excluded from tariff liberalization (or phased out after 2020) is identified. The value in parenthesis is the value of trade in excluded products (not the entire HS chapter). Notes: Some trade data for the Bahamas, Belize, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago, as well as data for countries outside the Western hemisphere have been obtained from UN Comtrade and the IMF Direction of Trade Statistics. Use of the phrase “Taipei China”, or of the ISO country code “TWN”, does not in any way reflect a position by the Bank or any of its member countries regarding issues of national sovereignty or diplomatic recognition.

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Annex: Country Tables Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports 2002–2011 In thousands of US$, and as percentage share of world exports. Source: INTradeBID. Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports 2002–2011 In thousands of US$, and as percentage share of total. Sectors as defined in the UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics, based on SITC Rev. 3 3-digit Groups as follows: • Food (0 + 1 + 22 + 4) • Agricultural raw materials (2 – 22 – 27 – 28) • Metals (27 + 28 + 68 + 667 + 971) • Fuels (3) • Manufactures (5 + 6 + 7 + 8 – 667–68) • Other (9 – 971) Source: INTradeBID. Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Average 2009–2011. In thousands of US$, and as percentage share of total exports. Products defined as 2-digit Chapters of the Harmonized System. Source: INTradeBID. Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World 2002–2011. In thousands of US$, and as percentage share of total exports. Categories are based upon SITC Rev. 2 3-digit Groups, and follow Sanjaya Lall (2000), Export Performance, Technological Upgrading and FDI Strategies in Asian NIEs: with special reference to Singapore. Source: INTradeBID.

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Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) 2010. Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. RCA measures of the relative advantage of a given country in the production of a given good. This index can vary from 0 to infinity, with values greater than one reflecting a comparative advantage, and values less than one reflecting a comparative disadvantage. The RCA of country i in product k is defined as:

Xik RCA(Xik ) =

∑ Xik k

where Xik are the exports of country i to the world in product k; and (Wk/W) is the share of product k in world trade, for all products corresponding to each SITC Division. Based on 2-digit SITC Chapters. Source: INTradeBID. Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT) 2011. Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. This indicator measures the degree to which countries import and export products of the same industry. The formula follows the standard Grubel and Lloyd Index (1975):

( ) X –M

IIT = 1– X j +Mj j

Where Mj and Xj are imports and exports in product j respectively. Based on the 2-digit SITC Chapters for IIT with the world. Source: INTradeBID.

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Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index 2002–2010. This indicator measures the compatibility of the product composition of exports in one country, with the product composition of imports in another country: jk

() Wk W

 

Cij = ∑ RCAik x (R k 

where RCA ik is the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA: see notes for Table 5) index of country i in product k. RCDjk is the Revealed Comparative Disadvantage (RCD) of country j in product k: Mijk

RCD (Mijk ) =

∑Mijk k

Source: INTradeBID. Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile 2012. This indicator shows a profile with descriptive statistics of the MFN tariffs of the selected country, by section of the Harmonized System. Source: INTradeBID.

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Annex Annex: Country Tables The Country Tables are an annex to this report, available at http://www.iadb.org/en/topics/trade/publications,6302.html.

The following section contains statistical tables for all IDB borrowing members for which data are available. These include:

Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World Provides total exports disaggregated by technological content in thousands of dollars and in percent for the period 2002–2011

Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports Provides exports to ten destinations in thousands of dollars and in percent for the period 2002–2011, with the change in distribution and average annual growth rate over the past decade.

Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports Provides total exports disaggregated by UNCTAD sector in thousands of dollars and in percent for the period 2002–2011, with the change in distribution and average annual growth rate over the past decade.

Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Ranks 2-digit SITC (Revision 2) products in descending order of revealed comparative advantage. RCA values above one indicate a comparative advantage in the production and export of the product relative to the world average. RCA values below one indicate a relative lack of comparative advantage.

Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Identifies the ten principal products exported at the HS 2-digit (Chapter) level.

Ranks 2-digit SITC (Revision 2) products in descending order of intra-industry trade. IIT takes values between zero and one, with zero indicating that the product is either imported or exported, but not both. An IIT value of one implies equal values for imports and exports of the product. 147

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Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index

Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile

The Trade Complementarity index measures the propensity of the partner country to import what the reporting country exports. The index can take values from zero to infinity. Values above one imply a relative complementarity between the exports of the reporting country and the imports of the partner country.

Provides a series of statistics for the applied MFN tariffs of the country, including minimum, maximum, types, and variability of MFN tariffs, at the HS Section level.

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

2002 42 1 11 20 4 2 1 3 16

25,708,413 10,816,607 190,082 2,868,897 5,048,898 1,092,344 407,997 355,445 846,104 4,082,039

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Argentina ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 39 1 10 20 8 1 1 4 16

29,564,707 11,445,971 216,394 3,023,729 5,830,676 2,478,414 344,007 434,129 1,108,213 4,683,174

2003

2004 40 1 11 17 8 1 1 3 18

34,573,854 13,892,919 176,555 3,722,544 5,991,449 2,627,850 362,821 318,677 1,209,134 6,271,905

2004

2005 40 1 11 17 8 1 1 4 18

40,384,893 16,114,367 303,123 4,492,999 6,705,324 3,192,639 304,164 368,800 1,621,053 7,282,424

2005

2006 42 1 9 17 7 1 1 4 19

46,544,311 19,482,565 437,416 4,025,237 7,786,933 3,475,844 397,983 428,606 1,671,919 8,837,808

2006

2007 40 1 7 17 9 1 1 4 19

55,778,392 22,431,404 347,437 4,151,313 9,345,483 5,166,596 666,233 674,958 2,125,860 10,869,108

2007

2008 39 1 7 18 9 1 1 3 21

70,018,744 27,471,889 470,159 5,209,723 12,472,918 6,390,186 505,051 547,299 2,205,621 14,745,898

2008

2009 42 1 6 18 7 1 1 5 20

55,667,474 23,479,744 465,975 3,465,042 9,782,522 3,668,277 494,172 607,247 2,686,427 11,018,068

2009

2010 42 2 5 16 9 1 1 5 20

68,132,647 28,413,435 1,402,286 3,531,764 10,737,676 5,798,766 854,712 779,581 3,250,708 13,363,719

2010

2011 41 3 5 16 7 1 1 5 20

83,948,848 34,022,988 2,391,376 4,250,189 13,639,548 6,237,825 834,824 960,379 4,423,594 17,188,125

2011

Change % 02‐11 ‐2 2 ‐6 ‐3 3 ‐1 0 2 5

14.1 13.6 32.5 4.5 11.7 21.4 8.3 11.7 20.2 17.3

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

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Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

2002 46 2 4 17 30 1

25,708,413 11,743,737 398,537 1,107,636 4,372,188 7,830,001 256,314

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Argentina ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 50 2 3 17 27 1

29,564,707 14,678,810 454,087 1,011,042 5,114,455 7,980,575 325,738

2003

2004 48 2 4 17 29 1

34,573,854 16,570,007 560,494 1,253,206 5,841,528 9,933,756 414,863

2004

2005 46 1 4 16 30 2

40,384,893 18,648,524 546,498 1,668,518 6,581,092 12,292,305 647,956

2005

2006 45 1 5 15 32 2

46,544,311 20,758,425 592,677 2,513,878 7,104,496 14,786,022 788,813

2006

2007 50 1 5 11 31 2

55,778,392 28,114,939 690,913 2,692,596 6,094,643 17,265,305 919,996

2007

2008 53 1 4 10 31 2

70,018,744 36,818,388 683,298 2,826,716 6,716,809 21,590,659 1,382,874

2008

2009 50 1 6 10 32 2

55,667,474 27,583,859 590,928 3,175,834 5,655,838 17,788,441 872,574

2009

2010 50 1 7 8 32 2

68,132,647 33,832,175 811,284 4,928,395 5,386,261 21,933,779 1,240,753

2010

2011 53 1 7 6 31 2

83,948,848 44,225,389 1,036,825 5,553,470 4,955,773 26,417,858 1,759,533

2011

Change % 02‐11 7 0 2 ‐11 1 1

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11 14.1 15.9 11.2 19.6 1.4 14.5 23.9

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Argentina ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

23 87 15 10 27 12 38 71 2 84

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Residues from food industries Vehicles Animal or veg. fats & oils Cereals Mineral fuels and oils Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits Miscellaneous chemicals Precious metals and stones Meat and edible meat offal Machinery and appliances Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009‐2011 69,249,656 100.0 9,392,217 13.6 7,772,633 11.2 5,567,981 8.0 5,405,775 7.8 5,332,810 7.7 4,437,573 6.4 2,101,350 3.0 2,068,197 3.0 1,887,883 2.7 1,705,906 2.5 45,672,326 66.0

Source: INTradeBID.

151

152

Source: INTradeBID.

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2002 100 47 24 8 16 3 2

2002 25,708,413 12,074,718 6,225,074 2,047,678 4,205,162 654,409 501,372 2003 100 48 26 7 14 2 2

2003 29,564,707 14,299,040 7,790,677 2,146,225 4,127,571 667,550 533,644 2004 100 47 26 7 16 2 2

2004 34,573,854 16,120,859 9,122,246 2,510,623 5,449,034 683,177 687,915

Argentina ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 46 26 7 18 2 2

2005 40,384,893 18,395,230 10,311,331 2,643,185 7,244,269 810,063 980,815 2006 100 43 26 6 19 2 4

2006 46,544,311 19,967,367 11,980,835 2,767,197 9,057,040 1,140,612 1,631,260 2007 100 43 26 5 20 2 3

2007 55,778,392 24,055,915 14,625,102 3,021,336 11,116,308 1,276,798 1,682,933 2008 100 43 25 4 21 3 3

2008 70,018,744 30,426,320 17,663,008 3,137,701 14,447,825 1,938,341 2,405,549 2009 100 45 22 4 21 3 4

2009 55,667,474 24,826,845 12,456,586 2,375,543 11,846,565 1,772,878 2,389,057

2010 100 45 21 4 22 3 5

2010 68,132,647 30,788,975 14,006,718 3,015,336 15,101,686 1,801,562 3,418,370

2011 100 46 20 4 22 3 5

2011 83,948,848 38,254,045 17,172,095 3,181,295 18,867,440 2,200,282 4,273,691

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Argentina ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Argentina ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

Description

RCA

Code

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

34.42

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.94

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

21.21

Iron and steel

0.93

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

16.82

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.92

Cereals and cereal preparations

9.46

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.91

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

8.34

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.88

Meat and meat preparations

3.81

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.87

Vegetables and fruit

3.48

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.86

3.44

Animal oils and fats

0.86

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Dairy products and birds' eggs

2.91

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.86

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

2.91

Pulp and waste paper

0.85

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

2.89

Other transport equipment

0.83

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

2.72

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.80

Beverages

2.33

Inorganic chemicals

0.77

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

2.29

Non‐ferrous metals

0.75

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

2.00

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.75

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

1.92

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.70

1.83

Plastics in primary forms

0.67

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

1.68

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.62

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

1.50

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.62

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

1.37

0.60

Pulp and waste paper

0.93

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.87

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.57

Iron and steel

0.79

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.56

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.78

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.48

Plastics in primary forms

0.72

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.47

Inorganic chemicals

0.70

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.45

Non‐ferrous metals

0.70

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.44

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.42

Plastics in non‐primary forms

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.42

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.64

Cork and wood

0.40

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.64

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.39

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.38

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.60

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.37

Animal oils and fats

0.56

0.36

Cork and wood

0.55

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.53

0.35

0.46

0.35

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Other transport equipment

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.45

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.33

Electric current

0.43

Organic chemicals

0.32

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.42

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.32

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.38

Electric current

0.31

Organic chemicals

0.35

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.26

0.68 0.67

0.61

Description

IIT

0.58

0.36

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.32

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.25

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.29

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.23

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.28

0.21

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.27

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.27

l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.26

Metalworking machinery

0.19

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.23

Vegetables and fruit

0.18

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.22

Meat and meat preparations

0.17

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.20

Beverages

0.16

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.19

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.13

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.18

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.13

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.18

Footwear

0.12

Metalworking machinery

0.13

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.10

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.13

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.04

0.11

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.03

Footwear

0.07

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.03

0.07

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.03

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.06

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.01

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.04

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.01

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.02

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.01

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.02

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.01

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.01

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

0.21 0.19

Source: INTradeBID.

153

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Argentina ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

Source: INTradeBID.

154

2002 1.35 — 1.27 1.19 ... 2.33 1.47 1.62 2.28 1.25 ... 1.90 2.15 2.02 ... ... 2.07 ... 1.02 1.88 1.94 1.25 3.02 ... 1.53 2.17 2.05 0.67 0.88 1.05 1.53 1.08 1.36 1.00

2003 1.44 — ... 1.27 2.30 2.15 1.48 1.78 1.66 1.34 ... 2.06 2.26 2.27 1.48 ... 2.20 1.85 1.14 1.81 2.21 1.43 3.07 ... 1.48 2.35 2.94 0.67 0.87 1.05 1.56 1.20 1.31 1.01

2004 1.55 — 1.53 1.40 1.40 1.89 1.29 1.82 2.51 1.58 ... 2.31 2.41 2.35 1.53 ... 2.35 2.14 1.16 1.75 2.28 1.53 3.17 ... 1.44 1.94 2.48 0.72 0.88 1.06 1.52 1.22 1.26 1.02

2005 1.41 — 1.39 1.56 2.38 1.80 1.14 1.67 2.19 1.46 ... 2.09 2.30 2.21 1.87 ... 2.37 2.05 1.20 1.82 2.09 1.46 2.74 ... 1.40 1.82 1.75 0.72 0.91 1.07 1.43 1.19 1.19 0.99

2006 1.39 — ... 1.50 2.33 1.65 1.19 1.86 2.13 1.27 ... 2.13 2.25 2.14 1.87 ... 2.31 1.81 1.14 1.86 1.90 1.17 2.56 ... 1.28 1.73 1.79 0.75 0.98 1.09 1.37 0.98 1.11 0.97

2007 1.48 — ... 1.66 2.34 2.10 1.11 1.87 2.32 1.59 2.43 2.40 2.33 2.30 1.68 ... 2.06 1.78 1.26 2.16 1.95 1.28 2.63 ... 1.19 1.70 1.79 0.70 0.98 1.09 1.33 1.13 1.06 0.98

2008 1.50 — ... 1.78 2.00 1.74 0.94 1.69 2.54 1.56 2.32 2.17 2.38 2.39 1.82 ... 1.87 1.64 1.36 2.08 1.84 1.29 2.40 ... 1.21 1.68 2.24 0.68 0.98 1.10 1.25 1.18 1.05 0.99

2009 1.34 — ... 1.39 2.01 1.54 0.97 1.62 2.10 1.33 1.76 2.18 2.19 2.00 1.50 ... 2.21 1.85 1.10 1.91 1.68 1.09 2.26 ... 1.34 1.72 1.98 0.73 1.09 1.12 1.24 0.94 1.06 1.06

2010 ... — ... 1.74 1.73 1.41 0.87 1.62 2.26 1.46 ... 2.01 2.08 2.08 1.46 ... 2.11 1.76 1.14 1.97 1.69 1.06 2.27 ... 1.34 1.62 ... 0.72 1.12 1.03 1.22 1.14 ... 0.93

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Arms/Munitions

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Base Metals

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Precision Instruments

Stone/Glassware

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Textiles

555

Wood/Wood Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

356

Plastics/Rubber

Animal Hides/Skins

347

1,221

1,063

670

3,532

2,764

104

535

822

7,805

675

1,951

5,708

Mineral Products

Chemical/Industrial Products

865

156

897

1,323

Total Tariff Lines

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

Argentina ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012

1,221

1,063

670

3,532

2,764

104

535

822

7,805

675

555

356

1,951

5,708

347

865

156

897

1,323

3.43

19.03

14.65

19.35

13.4

13.86

12.06

11.94

29.26

26.64

11.86

7.61

13.72

14.67

7.07

2.33

15.41

11.4

8.26

10.13

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

Maximum Tariff

703

215

157

530

1,783

307

315

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

114

357

250

112

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

1.43

1.65

5.91

10.48

5.51

4.16

6.36

4.33

7.77

6.12

5.45

3.7

8.9

4.05

5.25

1.8

3.92

3.67

4.68

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Annex: Country Tables

155

156

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

2002 0 3 68 28 0 1 0 0 1

229,014 710 5,868 155,462 63,645 0 1,222 0 0 2,107

2002

Bahamas ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2003

2004 1 3 68 28 0 0 0 0 1

240,224 1,495 6,025 163,160 66,393 0 234 0 3 2,914

2004

Bahamas

2005 1 6 61 30 0 0 0 0 2

270,847 2,625 16,855 164,587 79,999 0 19 0 0 6,762

2005

2006 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2006

2007 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2007

2008 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2008

2009 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2009

2010 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2010

2011 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2011

Change % 02‐11 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

2002 57 1 9 0 33 0

229,014 131,467 2,558 20,035 23 74,931 0

2002

Bahamas ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2003

2004 50 0 9 0 40 0

240,224 120,687 980 21,749 0 96,808 0

2004

2005 35 0 5 0 59 0

270,847 95,148 775 14,860 0 160,064 0

2005

2006 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2006

2007 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2007

2008 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2008

2009 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2009

2010 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2010

2011 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2011

Change % 02‐11 … … … … … …

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11 … … … … … … …

Annex: Country Tables

157

158

2002 100 51 17 0 31 1 0

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 229,014 116,174 38,517 77 71,931 2,313 2

US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2003 … … … … … … …

2003 … … … … … … … 2004 100 46 13 0 40 0 0

2004 240,224 111,227 32,192 570 96,235 0 0

Bahamas ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 35 22 0 43 0 0

2005 270,847 94,044 60,211 811 115,686 95 0 2006 … … … … … … …

2006 … … … … … … … 2007 … … … … … … …

2007 … … … … … … … 2008 … … … … … … …

2008 … … … … … … … 2009 … … … … … … …

2009 … … … … … … …

2010 … … … … … … …

2011 … … … … … … …

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Bahamas ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

2002 0.23 0.23 — 1.10 1.10 ... 0.19 0.20 0.22 0.28 0.30 ... 0.26 0.35 0.24 ... ... 0.49 ... 0.17 0.34 0.32 0.83 0.20 ... 0.26 0.51 0.55 0.94 0.66 0.73 2.41 0.42 0.63

2003 ... ... — ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2004 0.72 0.53 — ... 1.16 1.16 0.63 0.58 0.51 0.60 0.57 ... 0.62 0.83 0.39 0.25 ... 0.61 0.53 0.77 0.19 0.68 0.64 0.53 ... 0.32 1.11 0.96 1.00 0.97 0.99 2.02 1.98 0.69

2005 0.82 1.02 — ... 0.62 0.38 0.64 0.99 0.51 0.76 0.62 ... 0.52 0.80 0.42 0.21 ... 0.56 0.47 0.88 0.13 0.50 0.59 0.57 ... 0.30 1.21 0.64 1.05 0.93 1.02 1.70 1.94 0.68

2006 ... ... — ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2007 ... ... — ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2008 ... ... — ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2009 ... ... — ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2010 ... ... — ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Source: INTradeBID.

159

160 45

Stone/Glassware

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Base Metals

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precision Instruments

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Wood/Wood Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Plastics/Rubber

Animal Hides/Skins

148

118

217

131

769

568

143

801

144

211

789

Mineral Products

193

Chemical/Industrial Products

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Animal/Vegetable Fats

256

228

Total Tariff Lines

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

Bahamas ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2010

118

217

131

759

568

143

801

144

210

787

148

193

256

228

41.22

31.96

20.98

40.91

44.33

25.28

40.14

35.31

36.91

37.69

30.29

38.7

39.39

40.32

31.12

27.5

11.51

22.1

21.09

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

Maximum Tariff

126

544

119

353

119

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

9.32

17.67

24.6

11.08

3.34

18.25

12.12

10.63

8.27

13.65

15.42

14.32

14.34

12.59

20.27

16.74

15.89

13.94

15.73

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

2002 49 2 15 17 0 0 0 0 17

213,757 105,165 4,476 31,393 36,493 391 125 60 82 35,572

2002

Barbados ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 42 2 13 14 0 0 0 0 28

249,495 105,772 3,918 33,615 36,164 484 121 40 42 69,339

2003

2004 40 2 15 14 0 0 0 0 30

277,896 110,380 5,246 40,581 38,874 638 49 8 79 82,041

2004

2005 41 2 13 12 0 0 0 0 33

359,060 145,638 6,479 45,864 42,702 857 65 34 585 116,836

2005

2006 36 2 19 10 0 0 0 0 32

440,671 158,619 7,777 85,523 44,633 1,786 243 16 1,396 140,678

2006

2007 61 3 13 12 1 0 0 0 9

313,815 190,907 8,632 42,010 38,464 4,683 25 97 626 28,371

2007

2008 56 2 21 11 0 0 0 1 9

453,911 254,356 10,329 93,675 51,675 1,423 32 461 2,332 39,628

2008

2009 46 3 26 13 1 0 0 0 11

322,438 147,706 10,052 84,787 42,690 1,808 81 16 849 34,449

2009

2010 44 3 24 20 1 0 0 0 8

313,379 138,170 8,074 74,198 62,619 2,462 136 166 1,502 26,052

2010

2011 66 1 13 13 1 0 0 0 5

508,173 335,945 7,541 68,487 65,794 5,254 3 45 1,015 24,089

2011

Change % 02‐11 17 ‐1 ‐1 ‐4 1 0 0 0 ‐12

10.1 13.8 6.0 9.1 6.8 33.5 ‐33.9 ‐3.1 32.3 ‐4.2

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Annex: Country Tables

161

162

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

2002 35 0 0 3 51 11

213,757 73,876 893 495 5,993 108,003 24,497

2002

Barbados ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 27 0 0 5 46 21

249,495 67,056 1,145 656 12,274 115,226 53,138

2003

2004 28 0 1 6 40 25

277,896 77,652 629 3,140 15,297 112,362 68,816

2004

2005 24 0 1 32 43 1

359,060 85,358 501 2,395 114,055 154,140 2,611

2005

2006 18 1 2 31 48 1

440,671 79,564 2,583 6,638 137,575 212,070 2,241

2006

2007 29 0 2 22 45 1

313,815 91,342 1,063 7,841 68,873 142,181 2,515

2007

2008 24 0 2 25 48 1

453,911 110,292 662 7,685 113,914 218,677 2,681

2008

2009 30 0 1 4 65 1

322,438 95,595 485 3,726 11,403 208,446 2,783

2009

2010 29 0 1 0 69 1

313,379 90,530 1,116 3,080 51 215,387 3,215

2010

2011 18 0 1 40 41 1

508,173 91,566 785 4,009 201,547 206,615 3,651

2011

Change % 02‐11 ‐17 0 1 37 ‐10 ‐11

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11 10.1 2.4 ‐1.4 26.2 47.8 7.5 ‐19.1

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Barbados ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

27 30 22 90 25 85 17 15 48 71

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Mineral fuels and oils Pharmaceutical products Beverages, spirits and vinegar Precision instruments Salt, earths and stone Electrical machinery Sugars and sugar confectionary Animal or veg. fats & oils Paper and articles of paper Precious metals and stones Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 381,330 100.0 72,262 19.0 60,471 15.9 45,354 11.9 15,336 4.0 15,250 4.0 14,042 3.7 12,938 3.4 12,708 3.3 11,433 3.0 11,238 2.9 271,033 71.1

Source: INTradeBID.

163

164

2002 100 7 37 12 21 9 14

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 213,757 15,088 78,772 25,584 44,804 18,831 30,678

2003 249,495 21,538 75,600 25,128 45,940 21,438 59,851 2004 100 9 31 9 16 8 27

2004 277,896 26,259 86,452 24,218 44,435 21,107 75,425

Barbados ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 8 54 11 13 11 3

2005 359,060 28,825 193,496 39,272 46,786 39,159 11,522 2006 100 9 48 13 15 12 3

2006 440,671 39,917 210,582 59,427 67,167 50,957 12,621 2007 100 28 33 13 11 11 4

2007 313,815 88,958 102,331 40,470 35,417 34,597 12,042 2008 100 10 47 15 14 11 3

2008 453,911 43,820 212,383 69,725 62,086 51,064 14,833 2009 100 8 33 18 18 19 4

2009 322,438 25,874 106,986 59,291 57,064 59,755 13,468

2010 100 5 31 18 17 24 5

2010 313,379 15,551 98,243 55,413 54,000 74,707 15,465

2011 100 7 54 10 10 16 3

2011 508,173 34,665 275,889 49,828 51,233 79,663 16,895

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Barbados ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Barbados ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

Description

RCA

Code

Description

IIT

Beverages

29.53

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

10.21

Beverages

0.95

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

9.30

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.94

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

7.08

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.88

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

5.77

0.75 0.69 0.66

0.95

Cereals and cereal preparations

3.85

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

3.63

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

3.55

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.66

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

3.36

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.66

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

3.31

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.62

2.95

2.71

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.57

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

2.46

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.50

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

2.44

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.47

Live animals other than animals of division 03

2.21

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.46 0.45

0.55

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

2.09

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

Footwear

1.92

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.41

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

1.77

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.37

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.94

Animal oils and fats

0.33

0.81

Other transport equipment

0.33

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Meat and meat preparations

0.77

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.29

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.61

0.29

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.53

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.53

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.26

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.45

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.25

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.44

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.22

Vegetables and fruit

0.38

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.20

0.38

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.18

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.33

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.16

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.30

Meat and meat preparations

0.14

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.29

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.11

0.28

Other transport equipment

0.28

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.11

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.28

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.11

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.26

Vegetables and fruit

0.10

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.23

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.10

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.21

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.20

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Footwear

0.10

Inorganic chemicals

0.19

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.10

Cork and wood

0.16

Metalworking machinery

0.09

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.14

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.08

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.13

Plastics in primary forms

0.08

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.13

Organic chemicals

0.06

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.11

Iron and steel

0.06

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.11

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.06

Plastics in primary forms

0.09

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.06

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.08

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.06

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.08

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.05

Pulp and waste paper

0.07

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.05

Metalworking machinery

0.07

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.03

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.06

Non‐ferrous metals

0.03

Iron and steel

0.05

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.03

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.03

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.03

Organic chemicals

0.02

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.03

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.01

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.02

Animal oils and fats

0.01

Inorganic chemicals

0.02

0.10

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.00

Cork and wood

0.01

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.00

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.01

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.00

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.00

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.00

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Non‐ferrous metals

0.00

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.00

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Pulp and waste paper

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

165

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Barbados ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

Source: INTradeBID.

166

2002 1.11 1.02 2.95 — … 2.33 0.85 1.89 1.21 1.29 ... 1.67 1.88 1.86 ... ... 2.18 ... 0.87 2.64 1.91 2.94 1.54 ... 1.24 2.27 1.59 0.78 1.01 1.05 0.81 0.50 0.73 0.80

2003 1.11 0.97 ... — 3.64 2.41 0.96 1.77 1.07 1.24 ... 1.48 1.59 1.79 3.17 ... 1.94 2.71 0.85 2.23 2.01 2.51 1.16 ... 1.64 2.38 2.01 0.87 1.08 1.11 0.87 0.50 0.82 0.81

2004 1.11 0.85 2.85 — 2.63 2.54 1.00 1.83 0.99 1.23 ... 1.46 1.44 1.57 3.20 ... 1.68 2.24 0.84 2.26 1.99 2.02 1.49 ... 1.50 2.02 1.80 0.89 1.06 1.13 0.87 0.53 0.79 0.78

2005 1.11 0.78 3.35 — 3.79 2.58 0.95 1.45 0.88 1.50 ... 1.59 1.82 2.30 3.76 ... 2.69 3.34 0.86 2.34 2.56 2.34 1.35 ... 1.40 1.46 0.96 1.00 0.87 1.03 0.83 0.48 0.76 1.12

2006 1.08 0.75 ... — 3.53 2.15 0.93 1.47 0.86 1.39 ... 1.58 1.60 2.10 3.31 ... 2.37 2.59 0.92 2.03 2.31 1.82 1.22 ... 1.10 1.45 0.86 1.02 0.89 0.99 0.86 0.57 0.77 1.13

2007 0.95 0.62 ... — 2.86 2.01 0.94 1.59 0.84 1.11 1.29 1.02 1.28 1.20 1.96 ... 1.48 1.77 0.71 2.21 1.42 1.46 1.27 ... 1.88 1.63 1.07 1.03 1.12 1.09 1.06 0.61 0.99 0.83

2008 0.97 0.63 ... — 2.93 1.61 0.73 1.55 0.84 1.20 1.54 1.17 1.46 1.74 2.72 ... 2.01 2.57 0.84 1.93 2.06 1.38 0.96 ... 1.01 1.15 1.06 1.02 0.98 1.06 0.81 0.50 0.68 1.02

2009 0.94 0.73 ... — 2.79 1.61 0.75 1.43 0.90 1.13 1.25 1.02 1.43 1.35 2.38 ... 1.50 1.88 0.77 2.09 1.75 1.26 0.95 ... 1.14 1.15 1.36 1.04 1.19 1.15 0.85 0.42 0.66 0.75

2010 ... 0.82 ... — 3.21 1.96 0.85 1.36 0.99 1.37 ... 1.08 1.56 1.51 1.97 ... 1.80 1.88 0.74 2.54 1.71 1.61 0.88 ... 1.11 1.30 ... 1.06 1.27 1.23 0.77 0.37 ... 0.66

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Base Metals

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precision Instruments

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Stone/Glassware

Paper/Cellulose Material

Textiles

Wood/Wood Articles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Animal Hides/Skins

Plastics/Rubber

Mineral Products

Chemical/Industrial Products

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

167

229

196

869

712

186

902

172

134

244

937

187

359

382

330

Total Tariff Lines

Barbados ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2010

143

116

210

161

370

243

278

263

312

16.68

43.1

21.85

19.27

16.29

15.43

49.14

16.52

18.3

19.74

13.36

15.13

15.36

12.92

15.13

18.81

38.29

27.91

23.86

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

Maximum Tariff

358

161

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

5.21

26.67

16.58

14.95

9.42

5.74

15.97

6.84

4.12

1.73

8.73

3.51

5.44

8.87

11.75

9.91

5.68

16.48

17.66

Standard Deviation

113

121

659

551

532

108

148

694

142

119

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Annex: Country Tables

167

168

Source: INTradeBID.

… … … … … … … … …

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

2002

… … … … … … … … … …

2002

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

Belize ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 12 0 56 28 0 2 0 0 2

202,821 23,980 380 113,316 57,443 0 4,269 0 88 3,345

2003

2004 40 2 15 14 0 0 0 0 30

277,896 110,380 5,246 40,581 38,874 638 49 8 79 82,041

2004

2005 16 0 54 27 0 2 0 0 1

207,504 33,944 125 111,738 55,840 23 3,833 0 0 2,001

2005

2006 25 0 42 31 0 1 0 0 1

274,407 69,272 358 114,898 84,290 311 2,657 0 5 2,616

2006

2007 40 0 27 32 0 1 0 0 1

265,613 105,296 371 71,017 84,948 70 1,958 0 0 1,953

2007

2008 27 0 45 25 0 1 0 0 1

304,654 81,739 1,238 137,147 75,971 28 4,439 0 0 4,092

2008

2009 13 0 47 36 0 2 0 0 1

255,667 32,954 1,162 121,422 92,089 361 6,246 0 18 1,415

2009

2010 20 0 51 25 0 2 0 0 1

337,949 67,410 714 170,880 86,022 1,252 8,177 1 273 3,220

2010

2011 20 0 56 19 1 2 0 0 2

406,574 79,410 1,341 227,124 75,522 3,467 8,995 1,362 136 9,217

2011

Change % 03‐11 8 0 0 ‐10 1 0 0 0 1

9.1 16.1 17.1 9.1 3.5 … 9.8 … 5.6 13.5

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03‐11

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

2002 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2002

Belize ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 85 1 0 0 13 1

202,821 171,857 2,317 12 0 27,212 1,423

2003

2004 28 0 1 6 40 25

277,896 77,652 629 3,140 15,297 112,362 68,816

2004

2005 85 1 0 0 13 0

207,504 176,653 1,418 91 764 27,957 621

2005

2006 73 0 0 16 10 1

274,407 199,658 782 48 45,007 27,480 1,432

2006

2007 63 1 0 27 7 2

265,613 168,227 1,428 28 72,417 17,913 5,600

2007

2008 56 1 0 39 3 2

304,654 170,094 2,141 65 118,885 8,144 5,325

2008

2009 69 1 0 27 2 1

255,667 176,129 1,843 134 70,139 5,029 2,393

2009

2010 51 1 0 31 14 4

337,949 170,692 4,190 1,240 103,292 46,531 12,004

2010

2011 46 2 0 40 5 6

406,574 188,856 6,770 1,937 163,318 21,727 23,966

2011

Change % 03‐11 ‐38 1 0 40 ‐8 5

9.1 1.2 14.3 88.8 … ‐2.8 42.3

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03‐11

Annex: Country Tables

169

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Belize ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

27 20 8 17 3 86 98 7 44 33

Source: INTradeBID.

170

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Mineral fuels and oils Preparations of vegetables Edible fruits and nuts Sugars and sugar confectionary Fish and crustaceans Railway cars and locomotives Reserved for national use Edible vegetables and roots Wood & articles of wood Essential oils and cosmetics Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009‐2011 333,397 100.0 112,250 33.7 49,589 14.9 49,073 14.7 40,104 12.0 27,008 8.1 16,637 5.0 12,777 3.8 5,648 1.7 3,998 1.2 3,577 1.1 320,660 96.2

2002 … … … … … … …

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 … … … … … … …

US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2003 100 47 40 8 2 3 1

2003 202,821 94,579 80,192 16,671 4,250 5,632 1,497 2004 100 9 31 9 16 8 27

2004 277,896 26,259 86,452 24,218 44,435 21,107 75,425

Belize ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 41 48 9 1 0 0

2005 207,504 85,830 98,881 19,172 2,411 506 704 2006 100 49 42 8 0 0 1

2006 274,407 134,256 115,196 21,359 1,100 1,032 1,464 2007 100 49 43 4 1 1 2

2007 265,613 131,178 113,036 11,151 2,250 2,350 5,648 2008 100 63 33 1 0 0 2

2008 304,654 192,166 101,746 3,006 1,422 982 5,332 2009 100 57 41 0 1 0 1

2009 255,667 146,261 104,492 1,000 1,353 160 2,401

2010 100 54 29 1 11 0 4

2010 337,949 183,870 97,951 4,332 37,099 1,066 13,631

2011 100 55 35 1 2 1 6

2011 406,574 225,180 140,499 4,279 8,043 4,569 24,004

Annex: Country Tables

171

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Belize ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Belize ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

Description

RCA

Code

32.40

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

25.79

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.89

13.44

Cork and wood

0.85

3.33

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.71

2.63

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.55

1.52

Beverages

0.47

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

1.46

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.41

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

1.18

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.40

Beverages

1.16

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.36

Cereals and cereal preparations

1.10

Pulp and waste paper

0.31 0.29

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

Vegetables and fruit

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

Cork and wood

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

Description

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.65

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.45

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.20

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.36

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.17

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.25

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.17

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.24

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.16

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.18

Metalworking machinery

0.15

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.15

Vegetables and fruit

0.14

Pulp and waste paper

0.14

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.14

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.14

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.13

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.10

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.12

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.10

Other transport equipment

0.12

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.08

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.11

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.06

Inorganic chemicals

0.11

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.06

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.11

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.05

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.07

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.04

Plastics in primary forms

0.07

Iron and steel

0.03

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.06

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.03

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.06

0.02

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.06

0.02

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.05

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.02

Other transport equipment

0.02

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed fDairy products and birds' eggs i hi

0.05

79 74

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.01

0.04

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.01

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.01

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.04

Animal oils and fats

0.01

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.03

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.01

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.03

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.01

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.03

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.01

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.03

Footwear

0.01

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.02

Metalworking machinery

0.01

Footwear

0.02

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.01

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.01

Plastics in primary forms

0.00

Animal oils and fats

0.01

Inorganic chemicals

0.00

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.01

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.00

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.01

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.00

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.01

0.00

0.01

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.00

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Organic chemicals

Non‐ferrous metals

0.00

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.01

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.00

Iron and steel

0.01

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.00

Non‐ferrous metals

0.00

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.00

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Gas, natural and manufactured

0.00

Meat and meat preparations

0.00

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.00

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.00

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.00

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.00

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

87 26

Source: INTradeBID.

172

IIT 0.89

0.04 0.04

0.01

0.00

Annex: Country Tables

Belize ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

2002 … … … … — … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

2003 0.50 0.37 ... 2.32 — 0.38 0.26 0.73 0.46 0.81 ... 0.63 1.21 0.85 1.68 ... 1.17 2.83 0.39 0.77 0.76 0.32 0.34 ... 1.42 1.62 0.93 1.06 1.18 1.25 1.94 0.36 0.79 0.64

2004 1.11 0.85 2.85 2.63 — 2.54 1.00 1.83 0.99 1.23 ... 1.46 1.44 1.57 3.20 ... 1.68 2.24 0.84 2.26 1.99 2.02 1.49 ... 1.50 2.02 1.80 0.89 1.06 1.13 0.87 0.53 0.79 0.78

2005 0.54 0.27 2.80 2.17 — 0.47 0.25 0.66 0.55 0.83 ... 0.59 1.36 1.16 1.37 ... 1.68 2.50 0.38 1.16 1.07 0.34 0.99 ... 1.66 1.08 0.75 1.01 1.28 1.32 1.71 0.29 0.73 0.57

2006 0.56 0.20 ... 1.82 — 0.36 0.41 0.91 0.62 0.66 ... 0.42 1.14 0.93 0.83 ... 1.41 2.72 0.41 1.20 0.81 0.26 1.25 ... 2.04 1.47 0.58 1.02 1.23 1.19 1.63 0.45 1.04 0.68

2007 0.61 0.24 ... 2.72 — 0.28 0.54 1.12 0.58 0.78 1.16 0.44 1.13 0.83 1.38 ... 1.41 2.37 0.42 1.22 0.71 0.22 1.18 ... 2.63 1.42 0.63 1.02 1.22 1.17 1.52 0.53 1.11 0.82

2008 0.55 0.20 ... 1.85 — 0.25 0.56 1.08 0.48 0.75 1.18 0.35 1.10 0.73 0.57 ... 1.18 1.74 0.33 1.23 0.63 0.11 0.87 ... 2.35 1.20 0.64 1.16 1.23 1.20 1.61 0.69 1.22 0.76

2009 0.58 0.28 ... 2.17 — 0.29 0.49 1.16 0.49 0.83 0.71 0.44 1.28 0.82 1.08 ... 1.20 2.53 0.44 1.37 0.80 0.22 0.81 ... 2.20 1.17 0.69 1.09 1.31 1.21 1.47 0.58 1.08 0.79

2010 ... 0.29 ... 2.16 — 0.47 0.47 0.99 0.56 0.87 ... 0.53 1.14 0.84 0.98 ... 1.20 1.87 0.43 1.38 0.85 0.44 0.93 ... 2.31 1.32 ... 1.09 1.42 1.07 1.37 0.63 ... 0.78

Source: INTradeBID.

173

174

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Base Metals

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precision Instruments

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Stone/Glassware

Paper/Cellulose Material

Textiles

Wood/Wood Articles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Animal Hides/Skins

Plastics/Rubber

Mineral Products

Chemical/Industrial Products

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

167

229

196

869

712

186

902

172

134

244

937

187

359

382

330

Total Tariff Lines

Belize ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012

143

116

216

164

370

243

278

261

312

16.68

43.1

22.11

19.27

15.69

15.15

49.14

16.52

18.3

19.74

13.36

15.13

14.95

12.18

13.7

18.87

38.29

28.1

28.46

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

Maximum Tariff

358

163

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

5.21

26.67

16.79

14.95

9.79

6.05

15.97

6.84

4.12

1.73

8.73

3.51

5.45

9.28

9.69

10.02

5.68

16.47

16.83

Standard Deviation

113

121

653

548

532

108

148

694

141

121

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

2002 60 1 14 4 1 0 0 0 20

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

Source: INTradeBID.

1,371,519 816,824 7,836 193,743 56,591 7,718 5,859 3,414 6,381 273,153

2002

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

Bolivia ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 63 0 14 4 1 1 1 1 14

1,632,870 1,033,641 6,102 235,225 62,500 11,410 18,594 16,815 12,561 236,022

2003

2004 65 1 16 6 1 3 3 1 5

2,265,038 1,478,581 13,291 360,806 130,464 23,500 68,403 56,688 23,418 109,887

2004

2005 67 1 14 5 1 5 2 1 5

2,929,468 1,973,659 19,381 405,636 141,790 20,556 135,141 60,145 18,092 155,068

2005

2006 66 1 10 4 1 9 1 0 8

4,223,109 2,769,868 49,516 411,742 186,833 35,505 377,968 48,795 18,162 324,720

2006

2007 63 2 9 5 1 8 4 0 7

4,860,195 3,057,023 104,859 428,682 251,263 56,076 407,192 198,610 20,714 335,776

2007

2008 65 1 7 4 2 3 12 0 6

6,840,679 4,440,291 87,309 473,947 258,077 129,383 213,715 812,497 23,521 401,939

2008

2009 60 1 8 6 2 6 9 0 8

5,332,566 3,182,275 69,985 429,609 295,006 130,604 303,501 494,865 5,193 421,528

2009

2010 60 1 9 4 3 7 5 0 10

6,872,778 4,151,592 88,424 647,590 290,926 208,120 460,274 367,137 3,048 655,667

2010

2011 60 2 10 5 4 6 5 0 9

9,115,979 5,455,851 194,235 876,753 427,834 332,915 539,829 419,078 7,064 862,420

2011

Change % 02‐11 0 2 ‐5 1 3 5 4 0 ‐10

23.4 23.5 42.9 18.3 25.2 51.9 65.3 70.7 1.1 13.6

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Annex: Country Tables

175

176 2002 32 2 25 25 16 0

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Source: INTradeBID.

1,371,519 434,432 30,015 346,666 342,559 215,087 2,760

2002

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

Bolivia ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 30 2 22 30 16 0

1,632,870 483,708 33,272 362,752 486,680 263,884 2,574

2003

2004 27 2 20 38 13 0

2,265,038 612,835 42,470 455,861 850,961 300,400 2,511

2004

2005 20 2 19 49 11 0

2,929,468 582,590 48,918 542,526 1,443,230 309,655 2,549

2005

2006 14 2 25 49 10 0

4,223,109 600,527 67,152 1,059,598 2,062,585 430,950 2,297

2006

2007 15 2 28 47 8 0

4,860,195 718,352 73,249 1,384,103 2,288,967 391,928 3,596

2007

2008 14 1 28 51 6 0

6,840,679 945,409 75,548 1,935,320 3,489,726 390,338 4,338

2008

2009 19 1 35 39 6 0

5,332,566 1,026,007 65,964 1,842,597 2,093,522 301,976 2,500

2009

2010 15 1 35 43 6 0

6,872,778 1,014,952 74,042 2,379,260 2,972,450 428,742 3,332

2010

2011 12 1 37 46 4 0

9,115,979 1,133,285 66,176 3,415,259 4,148,676 349,115 3,468

2011

Change % 02‐11 ‐19 ‐1 12 21 ‐12 0

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11 23.4 11.2 9.2 28.9 31.9 5.5 2.6

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Bolivia ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

27 26 71 23 80 15 8 12 44 28

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Mineral fuels and oils Ores, slag & ash Precious metals and stones Residues from food industries Tin & articles thereof Animal or veg. fats & oils Edible fruits and nuts Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits Wood & articles of wood Inorganic chemicals Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 7,107,108 100.0 3,071,549 43.2 1,901,182 26.8 364,955 5.1 357,798 5.0 298,617 4.2 292,263 4.1 125,058 1.8 90,219 1.3 83,915 1.2 58,332 0.8 6,643,888 93.5

Source: INTradeBID.

177

178

2002 100 61 18 10 3 1 7

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 1,371,519 837,980 249,620 133,809 40,295 17,045 92,770

US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2003 100 63 18 9 4 1 5

2003 1,632,870 1,029,510 294,100 146,166 68,467 19,637 74,990 2004 100 68 19 8 2 1 2

2004 2,265,038 1,532,940 434,422 180,280 56,596 23,588 37,212

Bolivia ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 74 14 6 1 1 3

2005 2,929,468 2,179,740 407,529 182,454 41,791 36,401 81,553 2006 100 77 11 5 2 2 3

2006 4,223,109 3,238,165 480,642 207,347 80,606 86,425 129,924 2007 100 78 13 5 2 0 3

2007 4,860,195 3,786,757 620,609 228,515 81,805 15,941 126,568 2008 100 81 12 3 1 0 2

2008 6,840,679 5,571,985 806,848 236,804 75,172 3,637 146,233 2009 100 80 13 3 1 0 2

2009 5,332,566 4,268,523 698,959 182,279 60,147 3,710 118,948

2010 100 80 14 3 1 0 1

2010 6,872,778 5,488,850 984,424 226,098 71,635 3,927 97,844

2011 100 81 14 2 1 0 3

2011 9,115,979 7,344,902 1,253,252 184,261 57,608 6,788 269,168

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Bolivia ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Bolivia ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

Description

RCA

Code

Description

IIT

Gas, natural and manufactured

22.82

Inorganic chemicals

0.98

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

13.53

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.98

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

12.60

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.92

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

Meat and meat preparations

0.91

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

3.07

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.89

Non‐ferrous metals

2.78

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.76

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

2.53

Pulp and waste paper

0.73

Cork and wood

2.53

Organic chemicals

0.71

9.16

Vegetables and fruit

2.07

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.59

Inorganic chemicals

1.97

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.58 0.56

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

1.97

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

1.40

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Cereals and cereal preparations

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

1.32

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.47

1.25

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.41

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Cereals and cereal preparations

1.05

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.97

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.34

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.58

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.56

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Vegetables and fruit

0.28

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.50

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.27

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.38

0.34

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.21

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.33

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.18

0.30

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.17

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Organic chemicals

0.28

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.13

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.25

Beverages

0.12 0.11

0.52

0.40 0.33

0.25

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.23

Non‐ferrous metals

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.21

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.09

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.21

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.08

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.16

Footwear

0.08

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.15

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.08

Pulp and waste paper

0.10

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.08

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.05

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.04

Plastics in non‐primary forms

Cork and wood

0.04

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.07

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.03

Meat and meat preparations

0.07

Beverages

0.06

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Gas, natural and manufactured

0.03

0.08 0.08

0.03

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.06

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.02

Footwear

0.05

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.02 0.02

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.05

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.03

Plastics in primary forms

0.02

Plastics in primary forms

0.03

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.02

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.01

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.02

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.01

Other transport equipment

0.01

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.01

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.01

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.01

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.01

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.01

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.01

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.00

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.01 0.00

Iron and steel

0.00

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.00

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.00

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.00

Animal oils and fats

0.00

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.00

Iron and steel

0.00

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.00

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.00

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.00

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.00

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Metalworking machinery

0.00

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

179

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Bolivia ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

Source: INTradeBID.

180

2002 0.93 0.47 0.85 0.85 ... — 0.85 1.68 1.16 0.51 ... 1.02 1.23 1.15 ... ... 1.05 ... 0.79 1.02 1.10 0.47 2.00 ... 0.82 1.08 1.62 0.75 0.77 1.16 1.82 0.80 1.70 0.86

2003 1.05 0.47 ... 0.84 1.52 — 0.99 1.99 1.05 0.51 ... 1.06 1.09 1.03 0.87 ... 1.04 1.33 0.95 0.90 1.10 0.39 1.87 ... 0.90 1.16 1.94 0.85 0.84 1.14 1.86 0.87 1.69 0.89

2004 1.11 0.50 0.80 0.97 0.97 — 0.99 2.42 1.14 0.62 ... 1.07 1.07 1.03 1.26 ... 1.13 1.25 1.00 0.78 1.11 0.41 1.70 ... 0.82 1.10 1.46 0.92 0.82 1.11 1.89 0.92 1.67 0.98

2005 0.90 0.46 0.51 0.91 0.98 — 0.94 2.31 0.72 0.51 ... 0.66 0.72 0.65 0.63 ... 0.70 0.84 0.85 0.65 0.66 0.30 1.18 ... 0.78 0.88 0.69 0.97 0.78 1.12 1.90 0.82 1.68 0.80

2006 0.82 0.46 ... 0.62 0.68 — 1.05 2.20 0.57 0.40 ... 0.51 0.59 0.51 0.54 ... 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.53 0.48 0.19 0.91 ... 0.64 0.70 0.53 0.82 0.76 1.18 2.01 0.84 2.00 0.67

2007 0.84 0.42 ... 0.80 0.63 — 0.95 2.70 0.56 0.46 1.36 0.57 0.55 0.54 0.41 ... 0.46 0.56 0.77 0.58 0.47 0.21 0.78 ... 0.50 0.64 0.47 0.80 0.90 1.09 2.21 1.10 2.08 0.70

2008 0.79 0.44 ... 0.60 0.44 — 0.84 2.07 0.54 0.40 1.07 0.47 0.48 0.50 0.37 ... 0.35 0.44 0.80 0.45 0.36 0.16 0.68 ... 0.40 0.60 0.58 0.78 0.86 1.23 2.51 1.21 2.14 0.61

2009 0.76 0.48 ... 0.72 0.62 — 0.63 2.14 0.66 0.42 1.14 0.61 0.57 0.56 0.42 ... 0.54 0.71 0.75 0.53 0.44 0.18 1.03 ... 0.39 0.67 0.63 0.61 0.93 1.28 2.24 1.53 2.27 0.73

2010 ... 0.64 ... 0.80 0.47 — 0.75 1.77 0.54 0.39 ... 0.46 0.44 0.49 0.33 ... 0.52 0.54 0.66 0.52 0.37 0.14 0.82 ... 0.37 0.49 ... 0.61 0.86 1.40 2.50 1.31 ... 0.63

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Precision Instruments

Arms/Munitions

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Base Metals

Stone/Glassware

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Animal Hides/Skins

Wood/Wood Articles

Plastics/Rubber

Chemical/Industrial Products

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Mineral Products

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

158

281

229

1,198

699

166

928

195

108

308

1,423

198

313

426

399

Total Tariff Lines

Bolivia ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012

158

281

229

1,198

699

166

928

195

108

308

1,423

198

313

426

399

18.73

16.84

7.72

7.97

5.2

9.06

11.36

12.14

16.27

21.65

10.05

12.73

12.63

9.55

6.24

7.02

14.55

12.21

11.91

14.65

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

Maximum Tariff

296

115

188

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

356

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

9.25

3.22

5.39

4.15

4.32

4.23

4.81

3.87

4.43

9.99

4.57

4.34

5.39

4.19

3.17

2.66

4.61

4.35

4.44

5.53

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Annex: Country Tables

181

182

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

2002 18 1 25 22 4 3 1 3 21

60,360,429 11,162,863 781,538 15,353,985 13,552,357 2,520,441 2,097,929 852,415 1,513,413 12,525,488

2002

Brazil ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 20 1 23 23 6 3 2 2 20

73,082,131 14,598,218 977,497 16,692,299 16,751,511 4,532,538 2,310,534 1,223,083 1,450,257 14,546,194

2003

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2004 23 1 21 23 6 3 1 2 20

2005 25 2 19 21 6 3 2 2 21

2006 26 2 18 20 6 3 1 2 22

2007 25 1 16 23 7 3 1 3 22

2008 25 1 14 21 8 3 2 3 23

2009 22 1 10 20 13 3 2 3 25

2010 23 1 10 19 15 4 2 3 23

2011 22 1 10 19 17 4 2 4 22

96,472,156 118,305,090 137,466,558 160,259,916 197,940,378 152,992,509 201,913,240 256,037,474 22,166,905 29,427,828 35,228,023 40,367,775 49,450,021 34,075,586 46,134,552 55,059,183 1,199,264 1,943,969 2,275,300 2,356,073 1,866,146 1,712,145 2,321,073 3,129,512 20,038,319 22,471,955 24,431,280 24,968,870 27,423,065 15,601,605 19,307,258 25,804,605 22,387,919 24,497,490 27,622,670 36,120,002 41,508,882 30,563,432 39,180,111 48,369,329 5,440,261 6,833,642 8,399,513 10,743,843 16,403,015 20,190,833 30,785,887 44,314,582 2,767,971 3,476,081 3,883,916 4,310,179 6,114,490 4,269,640 7,140,784 9,473,076 1,429,292 1,896,245 1,961,973 2,045,835 3,118,567 2,622,268 3,760,123 4,693,859 2,169,509 2,944,539 3,209,053 4,331,174 6,623,100 5,068,008 6,606,845 9,344,585 18,872,716 24,813,341 30,454,830 35,016,165 45,433,092 38,888,992 46,676,607 55,848,743

2004

Change % 02‐11 3 0 ‐15 ‐4 13 0 0 1 1

17.4 19.4 16.7 5.9 15.2 37.5 18.2 20.9 22.4 18.1

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

2002 28 4 10 5 52 3

60,360,429 16,751,971 2,402,755 5,737,651 2,771,634 31,119,270 1,577,148

2002

Brazil ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 29 5 9 5 51 2

73,082,131 20,879,819 3,325,279 6,665,662 3,796,164 37,185,855 1,229,352

2003

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2004 28 4 9 5 52 2

2005 26 4 11 6 52 2

2006 25 4 12 8 50 2

2007 26 4 12 8 47 2

2008 27 4 13 9 44 2

2009 34 4 13 9 38 2

2010 30 4 19 10 35 2

2011 30 4 21 10 33 2

96,472,156 118,305,090 137,466,558 160,259,916 197,940,378 152,992,509 201,913,240 256,037,474 26,944,613 30,422,376 34,329,085 42,111,909 54,303,221 51,850,727 60,835,690 77,388,896 3,907,738 4,616,092 5,180,574 6,159,373 7,076,868 5,803,749 7,819,216 9,069,406 9,162,758 12,424,057 16,635,034 19,826,680 26,480,990 20,498,464 38,320,376 53,502,831 4,421,863 7,100,371 10,590,236 13,296,869 18,689,252 13,657,476 19,843,378 26,790,973 50,563,810 61,562,776 68,116,581 75,868,917 86,543,452 58,377,600 71,310,046 84,216,509 1,471,374 2,179,418 2,615,048 2,996,168 4,846,595 2,804,493 3,784,534 5,068,859

2004

Change % 02‐11 2 0 11 6 ‐19 ‐1

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11 17.4 18.5 15.9 28.2 28.7 11.7 13.9

Annex: Country Tables

183

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Brazil ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

26 27 12 17 2 87 84 72 9 23

Source: INTradeBID.

184

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Ores, slag & ash Mineral fuels and oils Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits Sugars and sugar confectionary Meat and edible meat offal Vehicles Machinery and appliances Iron and steel Coffee, tea, mate and spices Residues from food industries Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 203,647,741 100.0 29,836,235 14.7 20,097,375 9.9 13,091,405 6.4 12,225,707 6.0 11,832,044 5.8 11,454,341 5.6 11,076,367 5.4 9,041,716 4.4 5,901,261 2.9 5,302,105 2.6 129,858,558 63.8

Source: INTradeBID.

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

2002 60,360,429 17,513,610 14,309,059 6,425,765 13,977,691 6,172,792 1,961,512 2003 100 30 24 11 25 7 2

2003 73,082,131 22,063,538 17,777,221 8,255,548 17,918,075 5,465,696 1,602,053 2004 100 31 22 11 27 7 2

2005 100 31 22 10 28 8 2

2006 100 31 24 9 26 8 2

2007 100 34 23 9 25 7 2

2008 100 38 20 7 24 7 3

2009 100 42 22 7 19 7 4

2010 100 46 21 6 19 5 3

2011 100 49 19 5 19 4 3

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 96,472,156 118,305,090 137,466,558 160,259,916 197,940,378 152,992,509 201,913,240 256,037,474 29,656,454 36,262,073 42,377,327 53,840,367 75,806,593 64,049,891 92,723,241 125,633,159 21,315,759 25,695,616 32,390,914 36,861,897 40,297,019 33,595,194 41,996,283 49,797,530 10,213,509 11,643,989 12,645,481 13,677,305 13,805,233 10,419,078 12,233,293 13,084,702 26,234,468 32,574,920 36,156,855 40,000,819 48,314,592 28,978,729 38,207,021 48,528,018 7,107,603 9,425,037 10,545,750 12,015,631 13,700,535 10,563,125 10,734,166 10,911,121 1,944,363 2,703,455 3,350,231 3,863,897 6,016,406 5,386,492 6,019,236 8,082,944

Brazil ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

Annex: Country Tables

185

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Brazil ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Brazil ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

Description

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

Meat and meat preparations

Code

Description

IIT

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

14.97

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.96

9.04

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.91

0.97

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

8.38

Pulp and waste paper

8.26

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

6.67

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed fPaper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard i hi

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

5.98

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.88

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

5.82

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.87

0.90 0.90 0.89

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

4.92

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.83

Live animals other than animals of division 03

2.92

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.82

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and

2.00

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.78

1.80

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.77

27 42

i ) Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

1.68

Non‐ferrous metals

0.77

Cereals and cereal preparations

1.65

Inorganic chemicals

0.74

Iron and steel

1.62

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.74

Cork and wood

1.49

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.74

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or f i l bl f il Footweari

1.40

1.30

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.73

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

1.25

Other transport equipment

0.72

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

1.23

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.70

Vegetables and fruit

1.22

Vegetables and fruit

0.70

Other transport equipment

1.17

Organic chemicals

0.69

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

1.15

Plastics in primary forms

0.68

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

1.02

Iron and steel

0.58

0.73

Organic chemicals

0.95

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.56

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.93

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.55 0.55

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.88

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.88

Animal oils and fats

0.54

Inorganic chemicals

0.85

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.53

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.83

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.51

Electric current

0.82

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.82

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.50 0.49

0.51

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.73

Footwear

Plastics in primary forms

0.66

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.49

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.64

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.41

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.62

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.41

Non‐ferrous metals

0.62

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.36

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.58

Beverages

0.33

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.57

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.51

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.30

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.50

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.29

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.48

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.28

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.46

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.23

0.45

Metalworking machinery

0.22

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.44

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.21

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.32

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.17

0.32

Animal oils and fats

0.27

Pulp and waste paper

0.14

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.26

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.14 0.10

Metalworking machinery

0.25

Electric current

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.23

Cork and wood

0.09

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.20

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.08

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.18

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.07

0.16

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.07

0.16

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.07

3 87

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.15

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.06

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.14

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.06 0.05

Beverages

0.10

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.08

Meat and meat preparations

0.04

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.02

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.05

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.02

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.04

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.01

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.03

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.01

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.00

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.00

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.00

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

0.08

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

186

RCA 21.26

Source: INTradeBID.

Annex: Country Tables

Brazil ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

2002 1.04 1.75 1.32 1.27 ... 1.54 — 1.46 0.89 ... 1.13 1.13 1.04 ... ... 1.22 ... 0.97 0.99 1.03 1.32 1.22 ... 1.64 1.33 1.14 0.82 1.04 1.09 1.43 1.36 1.22 0.89 0.00

2003 1.10 1.62 ... 1.26 1.24 1.55 — 1.17 0.95 ... 1.10 1.23 1.15 1.13 ... 1.28 1.32 1.06 0.95 1.11 1.31 1.21 ... 1.92 1.37 1.27 0.81 1.03 1.10 1.40 1.54 1.21 0.89 0.00

2004 1.13 1.51 1.41 1.32 1.32 1.44 — 1.50 1.05 ... 1.14 1.26 1.15 1.04 ... 1.26 1.26 1.09 0.87 1.11 1.33 1.26 ... 1.44 1.27 1.30 0.82 1.02 1.09 1.37 1.75 1.16 0.89 0.00

2005 1.07 1.51 1.26 1.16 1.09 1.25 — 1.23 0.88 ... 1.04 1.14 1.04 0.95 ... 1.16 1.20 1.06 0.93 0.96 1.27 1.16 ... 1.83 1.21 1.08 0.83 1.06 1.09 1.28 1.77 1.11 0.87 0.00

2006 1.07 1.49 ... 1.17 1.02 1.27 — 1.25 0.88 ... 1.00 1.29 1.03 0.98 ... 1.14 1.38 1.07 0.92 0.96 0.96 1.21 ... 1.92 1.24 1.05 0.83 1.08 1.08 1.28 1.73 1.13 0.85 0.00

2007 1.08 1.50 ... 1.37 1.12 1.27 — 1.30 1.02 1.14 1.05 1.30 1.08 0.98 ... 1.15 1.27 1.06 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.23 ... 2.52 1.23 1.08 0.80 1.04 1.09 1.40 1.96 1.16 0.89 0.00

2008 1.06 1.70 ... 1.20 0.96 0.93 — 1.20 0.89 1.05 1.00 1.21 0.99 0.85 ... 1.02 1.10 1.06 0.92 0.86 0.96 1.10 ... 2.04 1.09 1.26 0.77 1.00 1.07 1.38 2.40 1.18 0.89 0.00

2009 1.01 1.25 ... 1.29 0.92 0.84 — 1.30 0.91 1.11 0.92 1.14 0.96 0.93 ... 1.07 1.46 1.06 0.89 0.84 1.00 1.12 ... 1.53 1.19 1.15 0.73 0.96 1.04 1.32 2.33 1.17 0.92 0.00

2010 ... 1.16 ... 1.38 0.77 0.78 — 1.17 0.88 ... 0.83 1.02 0.88 0.86 ... 0.95 1.32 0.95 0.86 0.76 0.86 1.12 ... 2.07 1.17 ... 0.72 0.95 0.98 1.42 2.38 ... 0.83 0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

187

188

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precision Instruments

Base Metals

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Stone/Glassware

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Plastics/Rubber

Chemical/Industrial Products

Animal Hides/Skins

Mineral Products

Wood/Wood Articles

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

163

461

218

1,779

741

216

1,013

223

130

113

430

3,053

206

302

399

481

Total Tariff Lines

Brazil ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012

163

461

218

1,779

741

216

1,013

223

130

113

430

3,052

206

302

399

481

18.93

12.08

11.8

11.85

9.5

10.81

25.44

25.59

11.11

8.31

11.53

11.22

6.56

2.36

15.25

9.68

7.85

9.31

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

Maximum Tariff

338

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

102

348

208

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

6.21

7.05

11.75

6.43

5.08

6.3

4.84

8.19

8.67

5.18

3.76

6.67

6.31

5.54

1.87

5.5

3.09

4.33

4.44

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

2002 20 2 20 23 7 11 4 1 12

17,422,632 3,510,886 262,563 3,483,271 4,061,853 1,224,826 1,927,972 714,383 221,378 2,015,500

2002

Chile ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 19 2 18 23 9 11 5 1 11

20,076,188 3,840,197 392,756 3,569,856 4,693,711 1,817,063 2,242,938 1,006,314 292,670 2,220,683

2003

2004 18 3 15 24 10 12 6 2 11

30,894,104 5,448,175 777,529 4,568,866 7,543,601 3,212,000 3,696,672 1,804,224 570,900 3,272,137

2004

2005 17 3 16 23 11 12 6 1 11

38,595,948 6,597,364 1,068,993 6,248,012 8,860,576 4,389,866 4,535,569 2,214,160 569,188 4,112,220

2005

2006 17 2 16 26 9 11 6 2 11

55,881,236 9,351,408 1,288,691 8,947,457 14,600,189 4,942,473 6,038,156 3,405,158 996,286 6,311,418

2006

2007 17 2 13 23 15 11 6 2 12

65,739,268 10,897,860 1,200,871 8,419,276 15,369,742 9,980,267 7,091,517 3,849,293 1,111,664 7,818,778

2007

2008 19 2 11 24 14 10 6 2 12

69,086,910 13,348,107 1,414,519 7,793,252 16,235,835 9,851,062 7,233,493 3,881,313 1,047,948 8,281,381

2008

2009 17 2 12 17 24 10 6 2 11

51,892,910 8,743,513 1,192,268 6,062,413 8,790,401 12,486,170 4,942,206 3,137,551 787,168 5,751,220

2009

2010 17 2 10 15 24 11 6 2 13

67,423,177 11,507,822 1,396,641 6,531,544 10,257,074 16,457,189 7,111,047 3,938,385 1,192,010 9,031,465

2010

2011 16 2 11 16 23 11 6 2 13

80,765,619 13,138,035 1,484,906 8,786,946 13,218,086 18,351,267 9,186,456 4,453,503 1,492,067 10,654,353

2011

Change % 02‐11 ‐4 0 ‐9 ‐7 16 0 1 1 2

18.6 15.8 21.2 10.8 14.0 35.1 18.9 22.5 23.6 20.3

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Annex: Country Tables

189

190

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

2002 28 10 42 1 16 3

17,422,632 4,791,838 1,769,372 7,307,186 207,002 2,825,882 521,352

2002

Chile ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 28 9 42 2 16 3

20,076,188 5,580,390 1,885,487 8,513,356 436,678 3,130,018 530,259

2003

2004 21 8 54 2 13 2

30,894,104 6,512,807 2,611,357 16,673,341 505,142 3,970,625 620,832

2004

2005 19 7 56 2 13 2

38,595,948 7,439,515 2,658,141 21,691,624 827,233 5,140,251 839,184

2005

2006 15 5 65 2 11 2

55,881,236 8,554,827 2,935,337 36,173,216 1,059,716 6,002,035 1,156,105

2006

2007 15 6 66 1 10 2

65,739,268 9,649,915 3,980,697 43,180,540 835,752 6,645,944 1,446,420

2007

2008 16 6 61 1 12 3

69,086,910 11,275,548 4,326,318 42,268,001 949,572 8,012,695 2,254,776

2008

2009 21 6 61 1 11 0

51,892,910 11,001,627 3,244,358 31,586,380 406,709 5,633,432 20,404

2009

2010 16 6 65 0 10 3

67,423,177 10,753,853 3,940,276 43,983,609 274,771 6,766,896 1,703,772

2010

2011 16 6 64 0 10 3

80,765,619 13,173,924 4,774,533 51,587,294 393,896 8,416,706 2,419,266

2011

Change % 02‐11 ‐11 ‐4 22 ‐1 ‐6 0

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11 18.6 11.9 11.7 24.3 7.4 12.9 18.6

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2002 100 35 51 3 6 1 5

2002 17,422,632 6,049,353 8,873,861 510,356 1,061,543 120,927 806,592 2003 100 37 49 3 6 1 4

2003 20,076,188 7,483,197 9,902,434 507,099 1,216,399 124,700 842,359 2004 100 38 52 2 5 0 3

2004 30,894,104 11,681,065 15,932,260 598,494 1,569,815 143,823 968,647

Chile ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 40 49 2 6 0 3

2005 38,595,948 15,429,165 18,860,663 726,931 2,199,364 161,329 1,218,496 2006 100 39 52 1 5 0 3

2006 55,881,236 21,684,761 28,789,218 798,339 2,697,060 192,944 1,718,914 2007 100 39 52 1 4 0 3

2007 65,739,268 25,457,815 34,153,585 935,773 2,869,487 252,116 2,070,492 2008 100 37 52 2 5 0 4

2008 69,086,910 25,482,689 35,829,247 1,120,028 3,301,274 310,594 3,043,078 2009 100 39 53 2 4 1 2

2009 51,892,910 20,049,050 27,558,359 876,652 2,182,093 276,234 950,522

2010 100 36 54 1 4 0 4

2010 67,423,177 24,345,651 36,389,699 979,182 2,644,381 295,857 2,768,407

2011 100 36 54 1 4 0 5

2011 80,765,619 29,024,007 43,279,572 1,175,203 3,310,137 320,062 3,656,638

Annex: Country Tables

191

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Chile ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

74 26 8 3 47 0 44 71 22 28

Source: INTradeBID.

192

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Copper & articles thereof Ores, slag & ash Edible fruits and nuts Fish and crustaceans Pulp of wood Reserved for national use Wood & articles of wood Precious metals and stones Beverages, spirits and vinegar Inorganic chemicals Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 66,693,902 100.0 25,782,700 38.7 14,656,463 22.0 3,533,847 5.3 2,915,516 4.4 2,426,131 3.6 2,057,075 3.1 1,831,729 2.7 1,597,579 2.4 1,570,653 2.4 1,245,673 1.9 57,617,365 86.4

Annex: Country Tables

Chile ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Chile ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

Description

Non‐ferrous metals

Pulp and waste paper

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

Vegetables and fruit

Cork and wood

Beverages

Animal oils and fats

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

RCA

Code

18.58

Animal oils and fats

0.97

12.54

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.95

12.27

Meat and meat preparations

0.94

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.92

4.96

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.89

4.66

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.87

4.47

Inorganic chemicals

0.81

3.17

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.78

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

6.30

3.13

Description

IIT

0.75

Inorganic chemicals

3.09

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.74

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

2.53

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.72

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

2.47

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.62

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

2.32

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.58

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

2.30

1.75

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Other transport equipment

0.57

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

1.49

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.56

Meat and meat preparations

1.46

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.55

0.57

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

1.37

Iron and steel

0.52

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.89

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.53

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.52

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.51

Organic chemicals

0.50

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.49

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.49 0.41

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.36

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.36

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.40

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.29

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.39

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.29

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.38

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.29

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.27 0.26

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.27

Plastics in primary forms

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.23

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.25

Iron and steel

0.23

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.24

Organic chemicals

0.18

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.22

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.18

Beverages

0.21

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.17

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.20

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.15

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.19

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.14

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.17

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.14

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.13

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.17

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.13

0.10

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.15

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.14

0.17 0.16

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.09

Plastics in primary forms

0.09

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.14

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

Vegetables and fruit

0.13

Other transport equipment

0.08

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.13

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.08

Metalworking machinery

0.09

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.07

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.09

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.06

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.08

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.07

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.05

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.07

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐

0.05

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.05 0.04

77 85

l i l Footwear

f l

i lh

0.09

0.06

h ld

)

0.03

Cork and wood

0.03

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.08

0.06

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.03

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.04

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.02

Footwear

0.03

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.02

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.03

0.02

Pulp and waste paper

0.03

Metalworking machinery

0.02

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.03

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.02

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.03

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.02

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.02

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.01

Non‐ferrous metals

0.02

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.01

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.01

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.01

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.00

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.01

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.00

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.01

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

193

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Chile ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

Source: INTradeBID.

194

2002 0.84 0.90 1.15 1.22 ... 0.60 1.30 — 1.08 0.78 ... 0.77 1.05 0.67 ... ... 0.76 ... 0.72 0.53 0.73 0.71 0.75 ... 0.71 0.83 0.93 0.72 0.84 1.05 2.02 1.91 1.78 0.93

2003 0.91 0.92 ... 1.15 0.77 0.63 1.53 — 0.99 0.78 ... 0.78 0.99 0.73 0.70 ... 0.79 1.00 0.74 0.51 0.81 0.75 1.11 ... 0.72 0.84 1.14 0.70 0.85 1.06 2.01 1.84 1.85 0.95

2004 0.99 0.78 0.96 0.94 0.94 0.49 1.93 — 1.01 0.78 ... 0.64 0.77 0.58 0.46 ... 0.60 0.82 0.78 0.41 0.64 0.54 0.58 ... 0.57 0.66 0.89 0.66 0.86 1.00 2.11 1.94 1.90 0.96

2005 0.96 0.74 0.87 0.86 0.65 0.52 1.66 — 0.99 0.77 ... 0.60 0.83 0.57 0.51 ... 0.61 0.88 0.78 0.40 0.60 0.51 0.62 ... 0.65 0.59 0.69 0.67 0.86 0.99 2.02 2.09 1.89 0.91

2006 0.98 0.63 ... 0.70 0.58 0.42 2.06 — 0.94 0.81 ... 0.51 0.74 0.46 0.41 ... 0.53 0.69 0.81 0.36 0.47 0.35 0.50 ... 0.67 0.52 0.58 0.64 0.84 0.99 2.15 1.90 2.03 0.91

2007 0.92 0.62 ... 0.77 0.54 0.42 1.81 — 0.91 0.75 0.51 0.56 0.65 0.43 0.37 ... 0.45 0.64 0.71 0.33 0.42 0.38 0.43 ... 0.59 0.56 0.60 0.60 0.79 0.97 2.29 2.48 1.99 0.90

2008 0.96 0.64 ... 0.74 0.55 0.54 1.61 — 0.92 0.86 0.55 0.71 0.70 0.50 0.39 ... 0.49 0.60 0.82 0.38 0.43 0.42 0.47 ... 0.60 0.53 0.87 0.61 0.82 0.98 2.02 2.46 1.78 0.93

2009 0.82 0.60 ... 0.78 0.56 0.48 1.31 — 0.88 0.79 0.53 0.79 0.82 0.52 0.38 ... 0.58 0.68 0.70 0.43 0.47 0.45 0.52 ... 0.50 0.64 0.74 0.57 0.79 0.90 1.85 2.62 1.80 0.93

2010 ... 0.57 ... 0.81 0.50 0.45 1.30 — 0.85 0.81 ... 0.59 0.60 0.45 0.34 ... 0.48 0.58 0.70 0.35 0.40 0.41 0.46 ... 0.62 0.54 ... 0.53 0.70 0.91 1.79 2.51 ... 0.91

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precision Instruments

Base Metals

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Stone/Glassware

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Animal Hides/Skins

Wood/Wood Articles

Plastics/Rubber

Chemical/Industrial Products

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Mineral Products

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

202

258

333

1,142

637

187

109

1,093

209

158

304

1,232

196

415

405

604

Total Tariff Lines

Chile ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2010

202

258

333

1,142

637

187

109

1,093

209

158

304

1,232

196

409

403

604

5.48

5.99

5.89

6.06

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

Maximum Tariff

202

258

304

1,140

637

187

109

1,093

205

158

304

1,232

196

409

403

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

202

258

637

187

109

1,093

158

304

1,232

196

409

403

592

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

1.69

0.25

0.82

0.42

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Annex: Country Tables

195

196

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

2002 32 1 43 12 0 2 0 0 9

11,889,468 3,783,812 164,367 5,147,699 1,395,043 27,917 193,315 46,575 25,503 1,105,237

2002

Colombia ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 28 1 44 13 1 2 1 0 11

13,009,540 3,656,679 176,334 5,758,192 1,657,509 80,867 198,674 67,068 28,014 1,386,203

2003

2004 33 1 39 12 1 2 1 0 11

16,787,600 5,569,866 156,364 6,611,087 2,064,879 137,734 263,052 93,012 47,392 1,844,214

2004

2005 33 1 40 12 1 2 1 0 10

21,189,659 7,034,730 297,966 8,479,629 2,451,992 236,692 330,166 135,946 48,917 2,173,621

2005

2006 31 1 40 12 2 1 1 0 12

24,373,974 7,531,753 275,140 9,637,738 2,967,256 452,415 323,741 201,079 40,537 2,944,315

2006

2007 36 1 35 13 3 1 0 0 11

30,010,763 10,763,911 266,241 10,371,548 3,989,254 784,757 395,279 110,888 100,161 3,228,724

2007

2008 36 1 37 11 1 1 0 1 11

37,625,039 13,439,688 326,465 14,052,666 4,304,779 442,952 371,556 113,107 468,559 4,105,267

2008

2009 31 1 39 13 3 1 0 1 11

32,852,202 10,049,409 385,588 12,878,872 4,278,724 949,717 336,296 107,123 169,795 3,696,678

2009

2010 27 1 42 11 4 1 1 1 11

39,818,767 10,590,024 532,112 16,748,409 4,551,548 1,619,584 511,057 372,653 586,045 4,307,335

2010

2011 28 1 38 14 3 1 0 1 13

56,952,730 15,851,675 614,400 21,705,147 8,235,190 1,989,051 527,962 276,140 382,936 7,370,229

2011

Change % 02‐11 ‐4 0 ‐5 3 3 ‐1 0 0 4

19.0 17.3 15.8 17.3 21.8 60.6 11.8 21.9 35.1 23.5

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

2002 19 6 3 36 37 0

11,889,468 2,202,367 711,868 299,491 4,268,192 4,406,867 683

2002

Colombia ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 17 6 6 37 33 0

13,009,540 2,269,699 724,489 803,916 4,867,343 4,343,958 135

2003

2004 17 4 5 37 37 0

16,787,600 2,846,369 750,089 862,677 6,179,893 6,146,727 1,845

2004

2005 17 5 5 39 34 0

21,189,659 3,635,633 962,918 984,043 8,316,321 7,284,694 6,050

2005

2006 16 4 6 38 35 0

24,373,974 3,858,436 1,062,256 1,500,763 9,361,687 8,585,589 5,243

2006

2007 15 4 5 36 39 0

30,010,763 4,576,634 1,281,465 1,628,589 10,870,398 11,648,256 5,421

2007

2008 14 3 5 46 31 0

37,625,039 5,403,140 1,289,995 1,933,733 17,295,007 11,697,555 5,609

2008

2009 15 3 7 48 27 0

32,852,202 4,849,542 1,120,959 2,163,093 15,780,856 8,930,145 7,607

2009

2010 11 3 7 57 22 0

39,818,767 4,446,663 1,309,995 2,847,484 22,564,426 8,642,863 7,336

2010

2011 10 2 6 64 17 0

56,952,730 5,722,050 1,337,188 3,587,951 36,481,788 9,814,491 9,262

2011

Change % 02‐11 ‐8 ‐4 4 28 ‐20 0

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11 19.0 11.2 7.3 31.8 26.9 9.3 33.6

Annex: Country Tables

197

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Colombia ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

27 71 9 39 6 72 8 17 48 84

Source: INTradeBID.

198

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Mineral fuels and oils Precious metals and stones Coffee, tea, mate and spices Plastics & articles thereof Live trees and other plants Iron and steel Edible fruits and nuts Sugars and sugar confectionary Paper and articles of paper Machinery and appliances Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 43,207,900 100.0 24,944,829 57.7 2,350,254 5.4 2,056,059 4.8 1,288,767 3.0 1,188,075 2.7 1,040,269 2.4 852,795 2.0 725,954 1.7 558,762 1.3 448,074 1.0 35,453,837 82.1

Source: INTradeBID.

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

2002 11,889,468 5,855,146 1,990,328 1,551,609 1,896,737 347,985 247,663 2003 100 48 18 13 13 2 6

2003 13,009,540 6,219,704 2,312,228 1,681,047 1,685,154 311,253 800,154 2004 100 45 18 13 16 2 5

2004 16,787,600 7,607,763 3,004,237 2,219,292 2,736,475 387,341 832,492

Colombia ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 49 17 12 16 2 5

2005 21,189,659 10,277,806 3,608,728 2,485,307 3,368,006 483,766 966,046 2006 100 47 17 12 17 2 5

2006 24,373,974 11,566,449 4,155,647 2,806,551 4,105,384 582,608 1,157,335 2007 100 47 15 13 19 2 4

2007 30,010,763 13,981,894 4,602,626 3,992,390 5,637,729 677,705 1,118,419 2008 100 53 16 12 13 2 3

2008 37,625,039 19,994,331 6,090,419 4,536,829 4,825,356 864,256 1,313,848 2009 100 57 14 9 12 3 6

2009 32,852,202 18,726,891 4,581,035 2,957,549 3,870,748 862,164 1,853,815

2010 100 61 15 7 10 2 6

2010 39,818,767 24,118,563 5,777,646 2,649,030 4,134,537 802,718 2,336,273

2011 100 65 14 5 8 2 5

2011 56,952,730 37,218,965 8,009,543 2,900,253 4,567,025 1,173,522 3,083,422

Annex: Country Tables

199

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Colombia ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Colombia ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

RCA

Code

Coal, coke and briquettes

Description

19.79

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.99

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

12.40

Cork and wood

0.98

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

10.44

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.95

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

5.48

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.95

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

5.13

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.93

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

3.40

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.92

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

2.00

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.90

Vegetables and fruit

1.80

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.83

IIT

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

1.61

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.83

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

1.26

0.82

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

1.21

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Plastics in primary forms

Plastics in primary forms

1.17

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.79

Iron and steel

1.11

0.79

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.97

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.81

Vegetables and fruit

0.67

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.74

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.66

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.73

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.58

Electric current

0.72

Iron and steel

0.56

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.66

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.54

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.66

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.53

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.65

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.51

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.60

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.48

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.57

Inorganic chemicals

0.47

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.49

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.44

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.47

Meat and meat preparations

0.41

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.46

Beverages

0.41 0.40

0.81

0.71

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.46

Live animals other than animals of division 03

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.46

Inorganic chemicals

0.45

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐

0.41

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

l i l f l i lh Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.37

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.35

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.33

Non‐ferrous metals

0.32

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.33

Other transport equipment

0.27

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.32

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.24

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.30

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.20

0.27

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.20

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Gas, natural and manufactured

0.26

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.20

Other transport equipment

0.24

Footwear

0.19

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.19

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.19

Organic chemicals

0.19

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.18

Footwear

0.17

Organic chemicals

0.17

Beverages

0.16

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.15

Non‐ferrous metals

0.16

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.14

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.15

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.13

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.13

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.13

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.12

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.11

Cork and wood

0.12

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.10

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.11

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.10

0.11

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.10

0.09

0.08

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.09

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Machinery specialized for particular industries

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.07

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.08

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.06

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.06

Meat and meat preparations

0.05

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.05

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.04

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.05

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.03

Metalworking machinery

0.04

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.03

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.03

Metalworking machinery

0.02

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.03

Animal oils and fats

0.02

Pulp and waste paper

0.02

74 26

h ld

)

0.40 0.37 0.37 0.33

0.08

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.01

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.01

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.01

Electric current

0.00

Pulp and waste paper

0.01

Animal oils and fats

0.00

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.01

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

200

Description

Source: INTradeBID.

Annex: Country Tables

Colombia ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

2002 0.84 1.14 1.30 1.09 ... 1.07 1.20 1.36 — 0.91 ... 0.98 1.15 1.16 ... ... 1.21 ... 0.59 1.39 1.30 1.28 1.31 ... 1.61 1.53 0.78 0.86 0.94 1.10 1.67 0.64 1.51 0.79

2003 0.88 1.00 ... 0.89 1.08 1.21 1.37 1.34 — 0.90 ... 0.91 1.23 1.23 0.98 ... 1.20 1.07 0.60 1.43 1.01 1.44 1.25 ... 1.45 1.65 0.74 0.88 0.93 1.08 1.77 0.61 1.69 0.83

2004 0.90 0.95 1.28 0.85 0.85 1.22 1.39 1.41 — 0.93 ... 0.90 1.23 1.18 1.00 ... 1.13 1.31 0.61 1.36 1.11 1.23 1.32 ... 1.22 1.49 0.78 0.92 0.94 1.09 1.77 0.65 1.66 0.84

2005 0.90 0.93 1.19 0.99 1.23 1.17 1.33 1.21 — 0.85 ... 0.96 1.18 1.15 1.21 ... 1.12 1.23 0.65 1.27 1.00 0.98 1.29 ... 1.33 1.29 0.72 0.92 0.97 1.09 1.77 0.62 1.47 0.83

2006 0.88 0.86 ... 0.99 1.18 1.06 1.24 1.27 — 0.83 ... 0.92 1.13 1.15 1.13 ... 1.12 1.22 0.67 1.29 1.00 0.81 1.17 ... 1.27 1.30 0.65 0.93 0.98 1.08 1.73 0.67 1.45 0.84

2007 0.88 0.89 ... 0.88 1.11 0.99 1.19 1.35 — 0.85 1.14 0.84 1.14 1.09 1.09 ... 1.03 1.14 0.65 1.25 0.93 0.83 1.13 ... 1.25 1.21 0.77 0.96 0.98 1.10 1.80 0.73 1.50 0.82

2008 0.87 0.79 ... 0.93 0.95 0.88 1.12 1.34 — 0.79 1.05 0.72 1.13 1.02 1.04 ... 0.95 1.17 0.64 1.13 0.84 0.76 1.01 ... 1.30 1.18 0.94 0.96 0.96 1.05 1.91 0.76 1.56 0.91

2009 0.83 0.69 ... 0.87 0.90 0.87 1.13 1.45 — 0.76 1.03 0.70 1.08 0.99 0.87 ... 0.91 1.14 0.58 1.18 0.73 0.71 1.03 ... 1.52 1.16 0.78 0.91 0.97 1.01 2.05 0.99 1.78 0.90

2010 ... 0.64 ... 0.62 0.80 0.76 1.08 1.15 — 0.74 ... 0.65 0.99 0.90 0.85 ... 0.86 1.27 0.50 1.17 0.70 0.59 0.98 ... 1.82 1.20 ... 0.99 0.96 0.97 1.87 1.05 ... 0.95

Source: INTradeBID.

201

202

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precision Instruments

Base Metals

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Stone/Glassware

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Animal Hides/Skins

Wood/Wood Articles

Plastics/Rubber

Chemical/Industrial Products

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Mineral Products

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

164

282

246

1,232

718

167

933

197

108

315

1,417

193

310

427

413

Total Tariff Lines

Colombia ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012

164

282

246

1,232

718

167

933

197

108

315

1,417

193

310

427

413

12.96

14.93

2.82

10.57

3.08

3.39

4.07

5.06

13.09

8.61

6.19

5.05

7.69

4.92

1.81

1.06

14.02

15.45

13.15

19.79

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

Maximum Tariff

127

342

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

167

755

428

292

165

1,083

152

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

4.32

0.6

4.1

12.18

4.56

4.77

5.98

5.54

4.25

6.25

6.1

5.57

5.9

5.65

3.79

2.05

2.59

4.94

10.63

20.69

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

2002 24 1 48 16 1 1 0 3 8

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

Source: INTradeBID.

4,950,224 1,170,163 29,359 2,353,266 793,232 33,361 32,100 16,430 146,288 376,025

2002

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

Costa Rica ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 22 1 44 17 2 1 0 5 9

5,800,118 1,299,873 29,024 2,574,976 969,722 88,562 58,335 11,311 267,125 501,190

2003

2004 26 1 42 16 3 1 0 4 9

5,952,315 1,524,520 32,744 2,470,901 970,448 162,660 40,679 10,949 216,743 522,671

2004

2005 25 1 38 15 4 1 0 2 14

6,665,092 1,653,343 53,638 2,524,048 1,026,130 244,820 50,559 20,904 137,690 953,960

2005

2006 24 1 37 15 7 1 0 2 13

7,789,607 1,868,602 72,993 2,881,567 1,166,596 556,923 48,369 36,450 153,954 1,004,153

2006

2007 25 1 34 13 9 1 1 2 13

8,927,461 2,201,408 64,409 3,026,880 1,178,063 835,076 78,193 132,285 218,719 1,192,428

2007

2008 26 1 36 15 7 1 1 2 13

9,378,805 2,453,613 55,441 3,335,170 1,368,299 612,870 91,436 110,413 150,397 1,201,166

2008

2009 27 1 33 14 9 1 1 2 12

8,533,282 2,283,146 46,595 2,853,682 1,220,170 771,296 56,991 45,647 212,692 1,043,063

2009

2010 28 1 36 14 3 1 0 3 13

9,270,886 2,617,987 89,452 3,368,032 1,338,563 286,561 86,909 42,472 248,011 1,192,899

2010

2011 29 1 37 15 2 1 0 2 12

10,218,609 2,954,636 86,939 3,755,913 1,559,819 199,542 88,589 42,340 254,843 1,275,988

2011

Change % 02‐11 5 0 ‐11 ‐1 1 0 0 0 5

8.4 10.8 12.8 5.3 7.8 22.0 11.9 11.1 6.4 14.5

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Annex: Country Tables

203

204 2002 31 3 1 1 63 0

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Source: INTradeBID.

4,950,224 1,549,307 168,912 48,029 50,326 3,132,946 704

2002

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

Costa Rica ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 30 3 1 0 65 0

5,800,118 1,745,720 178,090 51,569 28,190 3,793,743 2,806

2003

2004 32 3 1 0 58 5

5,952,315 1,925,657 198,404 66,627 2,965 3,478,254 280,408

2004

2005 31 3 2 1 64 0

6,665,092 2,063,909 210,229 105,742 34,749 4,250,347 116

2005

2006 30 3 2 1 64 0

7,789,607 2,333,719 224,745 162,857 44,211 5,023,975 100

2006

2007 30 2 2 1 61 5

8,927,461 2,672,411 199,583 162,717 51,420 5,438,780 402,550

2007

2008 32 3 2 1 62 0

9,378,805 3,039,576 247,778 155,340 82,184 5,853,779 148

2008

2009 33 3 1 1 62 0

8,533,282 2,788,664 221,578 121,162 75,019 5,316,173 10,686

2009

2010 35 3 2 1 60 0

9,270,886 3,249,577 239,465 139,185 57,786 5,584,784 89

2010

2011 36 3 2 0 59 0

10,218,609 3,649,392 259,010 200,566 33,260 6,074,488 1,893

2011

Change % 02‐11 4 ‐1 1 ‐1 ‐4 0

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11 8.4 10.0 4.9 17.2 ‐4.5 7.6 11.6

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Costa Rica ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

85 8 90 84 21 30 9 20 39 40

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Electrical machinery Edible fruits and nuts Precision instruments Machinery and appliances Misc. edible preparations Pharmaceutical products Coffee, tea, mate and spices Preparations of vegetables Plastics & articles thereof Rubber & articles thereof Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 9,340,926 100.0 1,710,820 18.3 1,488,514 15.9 1,148,610 12.3 848,790 9.1 340,390 3.6 315,432 3.4 295,174 3.2 283,108 3.0 243,344 2.6 218,337 2.3 6,892,520 73.8

Source: INTradeBID.

205

206

2002 100 26 14 17 17 27 1

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 4,950,224 1,286,560 674,479 829,336 819,339 1,314,630 25,880

2003 5,800,118 1,458,962 709,683 767,157 955,357 1,890,947 18,012 2004 100 26 14 14 17 24 5

2004 5,952,315 1,561,715 842,631 808,547 1,004,084 1,436,112 299,226

Costa Rica ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 25 15 13 16 30 0

2005 6,665,092 1,667,158 988,975 872,558 1,096,028 2,007,542 32,831 2006 100 25 14 12 18 31 1

2006 7,789,607 1,950,931 1,053,741 903,415 1,421,990 2,401,271 58,259 2007 100 23 14 11 15 32 5

2007 8,927,461 2,071,481 1,261,933 951,982 1,318,516 2,866,808 456,741 2008 100 26 16 12 17 29 1

2008 9,378,805 2,393,768 1,467,322 1,165,345 1,626,505 2,678,931 46,934 2009 100 25 16 12 16 30 1

2009 8,533,282 2,155,279 1,327,316 996,712 1,401,406 2,595,156 57,413

2010 100 26 18 13 18 25 1

2010 9,270,886 2,379,162 1,629,854 1,202,832 1,672,472 2,323,780 62,786

2011 100 26 18 12 18 24 1

2011 10,218,609 2,676,290 1,870,545 1,275,353 1,860,820 2,463,074 72,527

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Costa Rica ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Costa Rica ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

RCA

Code

Vegetables and fruit

Description

17.08

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

11.11

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

7.91

Description

IIT 0.98

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Animal oils and fats

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.96 0.87

0.97

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

5.39

Pulp and waste paper

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

3.83

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.86

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

3.66

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.86

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

3.42

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.85

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

3.06

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.84

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

2.48

0.83

Dairy products and birds' eggs

1.91

1.90

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.81

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

1.79

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.77

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

1.75

Cork and wood

0.77

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

1.72

Beverages

0.76

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

1.63

Meat and meat preparations

0.74

1.29

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.71

Plastics in non‐primary forms

1.26

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.70

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

1.23

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.70

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

1.18

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.66

Cork and wood

1.08

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.66

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

1.06

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.62

Cereals and cereal preparations

1.05

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.61

Meat and meat preparations

0.93

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.58

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.86

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.58

0.86

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.53

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.79

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.52

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.75

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.50

Beverages

0.74

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.41

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.69

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.41

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.66

Non‐ferrous metals

0.40

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.60

Metalworking machinery

0.39

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.54

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.38

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.51

0.37

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.51

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed fCereals and cereal preparations i hi

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.43

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.34

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.38

Iron and steel

0.33

Iron and steel

0.37

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.32

0.82

0.36

Pulp and waste paper

0.37

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.32

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.33

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.28

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.32

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.26

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.32

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.25

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.26

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.25

Non‐ferrous metals

0.22

Organic chemicals

0.23

0.21

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.23

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.17

Other transport equipment

0.23

Metalworking machinery

0.17

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.23

Plastics in primary forms

0.15

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.23

Inorganic chemicals

0.15

Vegetables and fruit

0.21

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.12

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.20

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.11

Inorganic chemicals

0.18

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.09

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.18

Organic chemicals

0.09

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.14

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.08

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.14

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.07

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.07

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into

0.13

78 33

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.05

f bi ) Plastics in primary forms

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.02

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

Footwear

0.02

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.11

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.01

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.09

0.13 0.12 0.11

Animal oils and fats

0.01

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.03

Other transport equipment

0.01

Footwear

0.02

0.01

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.01

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.01

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.00

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.01

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

207

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Costa Rica ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

Source: INTradeBID.

208

2002 0.93 0.91 1.54 1.59 ... 0.99 0.69 0.79 0.90 — ... 1.00 1.53 1.11 ... ... 1.24 ... 0.96 1.51 1.20 1.22 0.85 ... 0.60 1.14 0.90 0.93 0.98 1.15 1.17 0.66 0.64 0.96

2003 0.97 0.89 ... 1.48 1.30 0.97 0.70 0.72 0.82 — ... 1.00 1.41 0.98 1.16 ... 1.14 1.11 1.08 1.42 1.19 0.99 0.75 ... 0.63 0.96 0.89 0.93 0.97 1.16 1.09 0.68 0.64 1.15

2004 0.99 0.85 1.50 1.56 1.56 1.17 0.72 0.77 0.94 — ... 1.11 1.59 1.11 1.39 ... 1.26 1.10 1.09 1.52 1.28 0.93 0.86 ... 0.65 0.97 0.98 0.94 1.06 1.20 1.07 0.59 0.59 0.95

2005 1.00 0.75 1.34 1.21 1.20 1.09 0.80 0.66 0.86 — ... 0.93 1.44 1.06 0.99 ... 1.27 0.99 1.14 1.38 1.14 0.97 0.79 ... 0.67 0.87 0.90 0.87 1.00 1.13 1.04 0.99 0.83 1.33

2006 0.99 0.72 ... 1.24 1.13 1.06 0.84 0.67 0.83 — ... 0.88 1.36 1.04 0.90 ... 1.28 1.03 1.12 1.26 1.11 0.96 0.75 ... 0.63 0.83 0.87 0.87 1.04 1.12 1.00 1.14 0.88 1.45

2007 0.91 0.67 ... 1.48 1.05 0.90 0.79 0.61 0.76 — 0.84 0.85 1.31 1.00 1.09 ... 1.21 0.87 1.05 1.21 0.98 0.93 0.70 ... 0.61 0.81 0.93 0.89 1.04 1.12 0.96 1.23 0.91 1.56

2008 0.93 0.72 ... 1.38 1.16 1.05 0.81 0.63 0.84 — 0.99 0.97 1.33 1.05 0.97 ... 1.21 0.83 1.04 1.31 1.01 0.93 0.70 ... 0.63 0.83 1.24 0.90 1.10 1.18 0.86 1.00 0.77 1.28

2009 0.95 0.75 ... 1.49 1.17 1.01 0.84 0.67 0.83 — 1.11 0.95 1.43 1.09 1.12 ... 1.29 1.04 1.03 1.32 1.06 0.92 0.77 ... 0.66 0.90 1.11 1.00 1.13 1.17 0.93 0.89 0.76 1.25

2010 ... 0.74 ... 1.98 1.29 1.11 0.82 0.72 0.91 — ... 0.98 1.50 1.18 1.10 ... 1.48 1.16 1.05 1.40 1.16 0.85 0.80 ... 0.82 0.96 ... 0.99 1.16 1.16 0.91 0.84 ... 1.14

108

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precision Instruments

Base Metals

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Stone/Glassware

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Wood/Wood Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

336

Plastics/Rubber

Animal Hides/Skins

293

234

978

699

175

918

292

139

1,113

187

Mineral Products

Chemical/Industrial Products

418

448

Total Tariff Lines

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

Costa Rica ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012

234

233

978

699

175

917

292

139

108

336

1,113

187

293

418

448

12.62

3.85

5.3

2.09

3.07

6.94

6.31

12.81

9.58

5.09

8.53

8.33

4.42

1.81

2.86

13.78

8.42

9.32

19.15

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

150

Maximum Tariff

325

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

150

130

802

472

118

148

150

893

120

149

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

4.36

5.73

6.39

4.77

4.98

5.61

6.65

4.26

5.11

5.52

5.02

5.47

4.78

4.06

4.4

14.64

5.68

8.7

26.23

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Annex: Country Tables

209

210 2002 … … … … … … … … …

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

Source: INTradeBID.

… … … … … … … … … …

2002

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

2003 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2003

Dominican Republic ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2004 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2004

2005 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2005

2006 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2006

2007 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2007

2008 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2008

2009 20 1 62 9 2 1 0 1 5

4,693,095 946,384 23,921 2,903,244 399,758 92,969 69,411 51 28,293 229,064

2009

2010 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2010

2011 25 1 54 7 5 1 0 1 6

6,112,369 1,501,770 48,098 3,330,846 406,527 330,295 34,947 19,973 60,517 379,396

2011

Change % 02‐11 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

2002 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2002

2003 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2003

Dominican Republic ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2004 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2004

2005 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2005

2006 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2006

2007 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2007

2008 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2008

2009 25 1 3 0 70 1

4,693,095 1,174,923 37,582 141,053 10,388 3,287,722 41,427

2009

2010 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2010

2011 25 1 5 3 67 0

6,112,369 1,498,216 58,592 295,769 179,130 4,080,662 0

2011

Change % 02‐11 … … … … … …

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11 … … … … … … …

Annex: Country Tables

211

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Dominican Republic ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

90 85 24 72 39 62 52 61 71 64

Source: INTradeBID.

212

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Precision instruments Electrical machinery Tobacco Iron and steel Plastics & articles thereof Woven apparel Cotton Knitted apparel Precious metals and stones Footwear Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009‐2011 5,402,732 100.0 660,891 12.2 470,643 8.7 379,474 7.0 363,880 6.7 330,001 6.1 327,847 6.1 281,253 5.2 241,849 4.5 230,288 4.3 203,855 3.8 3,489,979 64.6

2002 … … … … … … …

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 … … … … … … …

2003 … … … … … … … 2004 … … … … … … …

2004 … … … … … … … 2005 … … … … … … …

2005 … … … … … … …

Dominican Republic ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2006 … … … … … … …

2006 … … … … … … … 2007 … … … … … … …

2007 … … … … … … … 2008 … … … … … … …

2008 … … … … … … … 2009 100 12 20 39 21 8 1

2009 4,693,095 565,308 926,306 1,810,407 974,034 362,215 54,825

2010 … … … … … … …

2011 100 13 23 35 24 6 0

2011 6,112,369 769,148 1,406,522 2,113,988 1,463,995 337,263 21,453

Annex: Country Tables

213

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Dominican Republic ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT) (Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011) Code 68

IIT 0.95

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.91

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.88

Footwear

0.79

Iron and steel

0.77

Beverages

0.75

Pulp and waste paper

0.71

Vegetables and fruit

0.71

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.71

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.70

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.66

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into

0.59

214

Description Non‐ferrous metals

0.57

f bi ) Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.49

0.48

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.46

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.46

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.45

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.40

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.40

Plastics in primary forms

0.35

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.35

0.53 0.51

0.48

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.35

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.34

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.33

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.30

Other transport equipment

0.25

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.25

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.24

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.24

Meat and meat preparations

0.24

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.23

Organic chemicals

0.23

0.22

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.18

0.19

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.17

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.17

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.17

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.17

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.16

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed fInorganic chemicals i hi

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.13

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.12

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.10

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.09

Metalworking machinery

0.08

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.07

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.05

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.05

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.04

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.03

Cork and wood

0.02

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.02

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.01

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.01

Animal oils and fats

0.00

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

0.14

Annex: Country Tables

Dominican Republic ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Dominican Republic Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

2002 ... — ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.00

2003 ... — ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.00

2004 ... — ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.00

2005 ... — ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.00

2006 ... — ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.00

2007 ... — ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.00

2008 ... — ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.00

2009 0.94 — ... 1.63 1.85 1.32 0.73 0.86 0.92 1.25 0.84 1.17 1.11 1.57 ... 1.26 1.13 0.98 1.42 1.26 1.29 0.88 ... 0.68 1.06 1.23 1.04 0.97 1.16 1.06 0.50 0.61 0.80 0.00

2010 ... — ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

215

216 93

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Precision Instruments

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Base Metals

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Stone/Glassware

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Wood/Wood Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Plastics/Rubber

Animal Hides/Skins

Chemical/Industrial Products

118

217

131

769

568

143

801

144

211

789

148

193

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Mineral Products

Animal/Vegetable Fats

256

228

Total Tariff Lines

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

118

217

131

769

568

143

801

144

211

789

148

193

256

228

16.9

7.64

7.02

3.05

5.48

17.85

8.63

16.14

7.99

5.56

5.9

6.26

7.19

2.1

1.93

16.35

7.67

12.29

16.57

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

Dominican Republic ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2010

Maximum Tariff

291

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

102

567

318

451

652

107

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

6.27

8.58

6.77

6.35

7.63

4.42

8.81

7.23

9.45

7.78

7.19

8.82

6.93

5.5

4.25

7.53

9.26

8.76

10.5

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

2002 28 0 38 15 0 2 6 0 12

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

Source: INTradeBID.

4,836,427 1,334,068 19,865 1,822,663 702,738 13,838 96,212 286,140 2,142 558,761

2002

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

Ecuador ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 29 0 40 16 0 1 4 0 9

5,872,930 1,703,132 26,304 2,331,050 948,264 13,430 83,959 241,792 3,786 521,213

2003

2004 34 0 42 13 1 1 2 0 7

7,752,670 2,655,160 30,089 3,273,683 972,696 49,551 78,923 146,938 4,388 541,242

2004

2005 31 1 50 12 0 1 0 0 6

10,099,785 3,101,598 59,832 5,016,830 1,214,863 7,371 73,081 3,573 4,672 617,965

2005

2006 27 0 53 11 2 1 0 0 6

12,727,979 3,476,942 39,356 6,791,416 1,384,259 194,727 122,513 6,104 7,454 705,208

2006

2007 33 1 43 12 0 1 0 0 10

13,799,995 4,584,849 88,265 5,950,094 1,588,543 36,543 104,979 59,192 21,445 1,366,085

2007

2008 36 0 45 10 2 1 0 0 6

18,510,313 6,624,765 26,692 8,350,141 1,883,825 384,714 102,119 19,583 22,679 1,095,795

2008

2009 42 0 33 14 1 1 0 0 9

13,686,264 5,768,294 40,113 4,545,653 1,853,660 122,278 107,844 5,971 20,086 1,222,365

2009

2010 40 0 35 11 2 2 0 1 9

17,489,597 6,933,917 56,265 6,046,010 2,010,042 328,734 401,972 9,214 191,448 1,511,995

2010

2011 33 0 44 11 1 2 0 0 9

22,322,014 7,383,199 86,757 9,742,338 2,421,777 192,313 348,873 29,085 97,393 2,020,279

2011

Change % 02‐11 5 0 6 ‐4 1 0 ‐6 0 ‐3

18.5 20.9 17.8 20.5 14.7 34.0 15.4 ‐22.4 52.8 15.4

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Annex: Country Tables

217

218 2002 42 6 1 43 9 0

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Source: INTradeBID.

4,836,427 2,033,260 279,144 25,523 2,060,519 437,907 74

2002

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

Ecuador ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 40 5 0 44 10 0

5,872,930 2,356,983 317,793 20,580 2,611,848 565,695 31

2003

2004 32 5 0 55 8 0

7,752,670 2,456,912 413,681 35,081 4,233,838 613,157 1

2004

2005 29 5 1 58 8 0

10,099,785 2,913,238 461,158 67,378 5,869,616 788,395 0

2005

2006 27 4 1 59 9 0

12,727,979 3,431,316 514,086 127,030 7,544,232 1,110,569 746

2006

2007 27 4 1 60 8 0

13,799,995 3,741,631 504,860 176,575 8,279,078 1,097,849 2

2007

2008 25 4 1 63 8 0

18,510,313 4,557,552 674,146 198,169 11,672,332 1,407,675 439

2008

2009 36 4 1 51 9 0

13,686,264 4,859,707 581,589 115,979 6,963,890 1,164,588 511

2009

2010 30 4 1 55 10 0

17,489,597 5,228,364 736,993 179,040 9,672,453 1,671,480 1,267

2010

2011 30 4 1 58 7 0

22,322,014 6,624,060 818,597 269,988 12,944,970 1,661,896 2,503

2011

Change % 02‐11 ‐12 ‐2 1 15 ‐2 0

18.5 14.0 12.7 30.0 22.7 16.0 47.9

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Ecuador ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

27 8 3 16 6 18 87 15 20 44

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Mineral fuels and oils Edible fruits and nuts Fish and crustaceans Preparations of meat or fish Live trees and other plants Cocoa and preparations Vehicles Animal or veg. fats & oils Preparations of vegetables Wood & articles of wood Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 17,832,625 100.0 9,860,500 55.3 2,183,857 12.2 1,140,984 6.4 701,662 3.9 594,824 3.3 461,653 2.6 331,650 1.9 268,479 1.5 236,851 1.3 193,778 1.1 15,974,238 89.6

Source: INTradeBID.

219

220

2002 100 75 17 3 3 1 0

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 4,836,427 3,630,818 832,486 158,971 146,862 48,153 19,137

US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2003 100 76 16 3 4 1 0

2003 5,872,930 4,436,047 952,628 162,749 256,224 50,546 14,736 2004 100 79 14 3 3 1 0

2004 7,752,670 6,109,748 1,120,802 216,913 231,545 57,276 16,386

Ecuador ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 79 14 2 3 1 0

2005 10,099,785 7,953,576 1,454,550 249,583 346,122 72,665 23,289 2006 100 78 14 2 5 1 0

2006 12,727,979 9,910,732 1,792,058 289,852 585,954 104,708 44,675 2007 100 77 16 2 4 1 1

2007 13,799,995 10,640,661 2,155,742 331,906 514,152 87,717 69,817 2008 100 78 15 2 4 0 0

2008 18,510,313 14,400,569 2,799,311 405,793 741,951 74,428 88,261 2009 100 77 15 3 4 1 0

2009 13,686,264 10,534,498 2,085,301 418,427 516,206 72,712 59,120

2010 100 78 13 3 4 1 0

2010 17,489,597 13,729,012 2,241,472 593,306 724,715 123,349 77,743

2011 100 79 14 2 4 0 1

2011 22,322,014 17,587,824 3,207,066 502,678 794,466 88,349 141,631

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Ecuador ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Ecuador ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

Description

RCA

Code

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

14.31

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.97

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

13.71

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.79

Vegetables and fruit

11.67

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.78

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.76

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

4.59

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.75

2.78

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.75

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

2.17

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.71

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

1.90

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.61

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.58

Animal oils and fats

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.57

Cork and wood

Animal oils and fats

0.57

6.34

1.78 1.64 1.51

Description

IIT

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

1.02

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.54

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.95

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.54

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.72

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.51

0.66

Footwear

0.49 0.49

65 58

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.46

Pulp and waste paper

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.43

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.40

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.39

Organic chemicals

0.35

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.35

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.32

Footwear

0.31

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.30

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.29

Non‐ferrous metals

0.28

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.28

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.27

0.28

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.25

Inorganic chemicals

0.25

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.22

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.22

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.24

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.21

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.22

Inorganic chemicals

0.21

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.20

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.19

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.18

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.17

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.16

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.16 0.15

0.18

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.16

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.15

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.15

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.15

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.14

Pulp and waste paper

0.12

Vegetables and fruit

0.14

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.12

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.14

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.11

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.14

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.11

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.13

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.10

Organic chemicals

0.09

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.12

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed fNon‐ferrous metals i hi

0.08

0.07

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.11

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.07

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.10

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.07

Beverages

0.10

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.06

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.09

Iron and steel

0.06

Plastics in primary forms

0.08

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.06

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.07

Plastics in primary forms

0.06

Iron and steel

0.05

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.06

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.05

Other transport equipment

0.05

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.04

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.05

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.04

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.03

Cork and wood

0.04

Beverages

0.03

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.03

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.03

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.03

Other transport equipment

0.03

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.02

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.03

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.01

Electric current

0.02

0.12 0.11

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.01

Meat and meat preparations

0.02

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.01

Metalworking machinery

0.02

Metalworking machinery

0.01

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.01

Meat and meat preparations

0.00

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.01

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.00

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

221

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Ecuador ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

Source: INTradeBID.

222

2002 0.62 0.72 1.22 1.11 ... 0.66 0.93 1.21 0.76 0.66 ... — 1.38 0.76 ... ... 0.77 ... 0.35 1.30 1.39 0.59 1.12 ... 2.31 1.42 0.56 0.95 0.92 1.13 1.94 0.62 1.36 0.81

2003 0.64 0.67 ... 0.97 0.51 0.60 0.96 1.35 0.53 0.62 ... — 1.33 0.63 0.45 ... 0.70 1.20 0.35 1.40 0.83 0.63 1.18 ... 2.26 1.87 0.52 1.05 0.98 1.13 1.89 0.64 1.37 0.83

2004 0.65 0.47 0.98 0.75 0.75 0.48 1.15 1.45 0.54 0.63 ... — 1.19 0.59 0.42 ... 0.60 1.16 0.30 1.45 0.70 0.51 1.28 ... 1.78 2.03 0.48 1.13 0.94 1.06 1.89 0.76 1.47 0.89

2005 0.61 0.41 0.88 0.75 0.55 0.46 1.00 1.25 0.51 0.57 ... — 1.08 0.57 0.57 ... 0.62 1.01 0.29 1.14 0.68 0.45 1.30 ... 2.45 1.75 0.39 1.12 0.94 1.04 1.86 0.75 1.47 0.92

2006 0.62 0.38 ... 0.74 0.56 0.47 0.97 1.37 0.53 0.61 ... — 1.09 0.62 0.58 ... 0.72 1.33 0.31 1.39 0.68 0.40 1.30 ... 2.58 1.71 0.43 1.17 0.97 1.02 1.87 0.83 1.57 0.94

2007 0.65 0.40 ... 0.74 0.64 0.50 0.98 1.27 0.52 0.69 1.17 — 1.15 0.67 0.75 ... 0.74 1.36 0.33 1.41 0.70 0.41 1.24 ... 2.45 1.39 0.43 1.19 0.97 1.00 1.81 0.86 1.52 0.97

2008 0.62 0.35 ... 0.76 0.50 0.48 0.84 1.19 0.50 0.63 1.09 — 1.05 0.56 0.60 ... 0.63 1.31 0.32 1.13 0.59 0.39 1.03 ... 2.26 1.47 0.54 1.30 1.00 1.00 1.78 0.97 1.47 0.97

2009 0.62 0.46 ... 0.89 0.53 0.50 0.82 1.12 0.56 0.65 0.86 — 1.19 0.64 0.53 ... 0.73 1.42 0.33 1.24 0.64 0.42 1.07 ... 2.37 1.41 0.70 1.26 1.08 1.08 1.70 0.89 1.38 0.93

2010 ... 0.42 ... 0.81 0.45 0.47 0.73 1.01 0.54 0.65 ... — 1.07 0.57 0.53 ... 0.70 1.52 0.31 1.25 0.59 0.37 1.08 ... 2.55 1.51 ... 1.28 1.05 1.02 1.70 0.97 ... 0.93

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precision Instruments

Base Metals

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Stone/Glassware

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Animal Hides/Skins

Wood/Wood Articles

Plastics/Rubber

Chemical/Industrial Products

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Mineral Products

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

153

291

253

1,194

699

166

930

200

107

308

1,422

210

289

378

297

Total Tariff Lines

Ecuador ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2010

153

291

253

1,194

699

166

930

200

107

308

1,422

210

289

378

297

24.8

27.1

6.22

8.5

4.48

6.87

6.05

11.33

26.25

20.67

10.43

13.5

13.97

7.65

1.7

1.29

22.11

13.75

14.62

24.18

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

Maximum Tariff

343

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

196

117

860

423

161

1,207

173

119

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

8.52

4.24

10.38

11.28

8.5

9.71

10.51

10.18

7.02

9.23

10.16

6.63

11.83

8.85

4.53

2.98

9.91

9.77

11.49

15.41

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Annex: Country Tables

223

224 2002 70 0 20 6 0 0 0 0 3

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

Source: INTradeBID.

1,233,666 857,592 4,335 246,310 73,229 947 6,066 2,635 430 42,122

2002

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

El Salvador ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 70 0 19 6 0 1 0 0 4

1,254,757 875,572 6,124 239,904 70,198 5,115 8,808 1,097 263 47,676

2003

2004 65 1 23 7 0 1 0 0 4

1,474,514 953,305 13,811 335,405 103,469 3,618 7,628 895 1,569 54,814

2004

2005 65 1 20 9 0 1 0 0 4

1,657,342 1,069,293 18,953 325,029 146,923 2,909 15,855 2,653 4,600 71,127

2005

2006 63 1 21 8 0 1 0 1 3

1,910,942 1,210,516 21,332 403,714 156,854 6,387 16,067 3,634 27,692 64,746

2006

2007 66 0 20 9 0 1 0 0 4

2,178,516 1,439,045 5,239 426,322 187,805 6,780 14,331 2,747 4,477 91,770

2007

2008 66 1 20 10 0 1 0 0 2

2,620,560 1,717,313 28,956 527,904 252,524 5,955 18,732 2,555 5,318 61,303

2008

2009 67 1 19 9 0 1 0 0 4

2,309,770 1,540,866 23,638 428,403 198,028 2,272 18,887 3,596 11,315 82,765

2009

2010 57 2 32 5 0 1 0 0 2

3,364,643 1,912,490 61,372 1,076,808 183,052 3,125 18,527 16,074 14,538 78,657

2010

2011 55 2 32 7 0 1 1 0 3

4,107,520 2,244,551 63,265 1,313,669 271,772 1,756 49,347 28,155 16,498 118,507

2011

Change % 02‐11 ‐15 1 12 1 0 1 0 0 ‐1

14.3 11.3 34.7 20.4 15.7 7.1 26.2 30.1 50.0 12.2

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

2002 32 1 3 0 57 7

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Source: INTradeBID.

1,233,666 392,719 7,065 34,600 4,093 706,689 88,500

2002

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

El Salvador ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 34 1 3 5 57 0

1,254,757 425,111 8,963 41,154 62,714 716,377 438

2003

2004 32 1 3 4 60 0

1,474,514 470,711 11,824 45,550 61,407 884,457 565

2004

2005 36 1 3 3 57 0

1,657,342 589,439 11,987 52,666 50,135 952,642 473

2005

2006 35 1 4 4 56 0

1,910,942 660,476 13,534 75,343 82,155 1,078,828 606

2006

2007 35 1 4 5 55 0

2,178,516 764,143 15,285 93,530 113,600 1,191,011 947

2007

2008 34 1 4 6 55 0

2,620,560 902,259 19,107 108,394 157,369 1,432,779 652

2008

2009 37 1 5 4 53 0

2,309,770 860,069 14,684 106,925 102,509 1,224,794 789

2009

2010 28 1 5 4 62 0

3,364,646 951,884 29,765 162,088 131,510 2,088,392 1,007

2010

2011 31 1 5 4 59 0

4,107,552 1,291,914 37,915 197,923 169,194 2,409,882 724

2011

Change % 02‐11 0 0 2 4 1 ‐7

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11 14.3 14.1 20.5 21.4 51.2 14.6 ‐41.4

Annex: Country Tables

225

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

El Salvador ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

61 9 39 48 17 27 72 19 22 30

Source: INTradeBID.

226

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Knitted apparel Coffee, tea, mate and spices Plastics & articles thereof Paper and articles of paper Sugars and sugar confectionary Mineral fuels and oils Iron and steel Preparations of cereals Beverages, spirits and vinegar Pharmaceutical products Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 3,260,656 100.0 507,106 15.6 304,018 9.3 229,409 7.0 222,259 6.8 184,404 5.7 143,805 4.4 136,103 4.2 128,048 3.9 123,721 3.8 105,413 3.2 2,084,287 63.9

2002 100 15 24 33 15 6 8

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 1,233,666 181,242 292,387 408,575 179,604 71,056 100,802

2003 1,254,757 189,139 376,107 429,612 155,864 83,859 20,176 2004 100 14 28 37 13 7 2

2004 1,474,514 202,451 419,355 543,597 184,424 102,454 22,233

El Salvador ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 15 30 35 13 7 1

2005 1,657,342 244,534 492,119 572,390 214,701 110,555 23,043 2006 100 15 31 28 19 7 2

2006 1,910,942 284,429 585,030 526,971 356,726 128,551 29,235 2007 100 14 33 29 16 6 2

2007 2,178,516 306,613 715,527 624,577 349,758 135,022 47,019 2008 100 15 31 28 18 5 3

2008 2,620,560 387,912 819,647 741,641 459,206 132,550 79,604 2009 100 14 32 32 12 5 4

2009 2,309,770 329,866 742,672 736,627 279,239 118,144 103,222

2010 100 10 27 47 8 4 4

2010 3,364,646 341,413 902,527 1,588,534 256,855 139,521 135,796

2011 100 15 25 45 7 3 4

2011 4,107,552 634,221 1,042,835 1,851,959 287,643 142,600 148,294

Annex: Country Tables

227

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

El Salvador ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

El Salvador ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2009)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2009)

Code

RCA

Code

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

Description

20.40

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

12.14

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

9.39

IIT 0.97

89 64

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.93

0.94

Cereals and cereal preparations

5.92

Beverages

0.84

Beverages

5.35

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

5.32

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Non‐ferrous metals

0.73

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

4.74

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.69

3.90

Iron and steel

0.65

0.80

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

3.29

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.65

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

3.06

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.65 0.64

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

2.53

Cork and wood

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

2.19

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.63

Live animals other than animals of division 03

2.17

Footwear

0.63

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

2.06

Vegetables and fruit

0.62

Plastics in non‐primary forms

1.94

Electric current

0.61

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

1.94

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.60

Vegetables and fruit

1.88

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.60

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

1.72

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.58

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Footwear

1.69

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.54

1.69

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.50

85 35

Electric current

1.41

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.47

Iron and steel

1.28

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.47

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

1.06

1.03

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.46

0.94

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.41

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.85

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.40

Meat and meat preparations

0.80

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.37

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.73

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.31 0.27

0.44

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.72

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.64

Meat and meat preparations

0.27

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.26

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Pulp and waste paper

0.55

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.25

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.52

Pulp and waste paper

0.24

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.47

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.24

0.64

Animal oils and fats

0.44

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.21

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.42

Non‐ferrous metals

0.37

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.19

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.34

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.19

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.33

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.18

Cork and wood

0.31

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.18

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.30

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.17

Plastics in primary forms

0.28

Metalworking machinery

0.14 0.13

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.24

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

Metalworking machinery

0.22

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.12

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.15

Plastics in primary forms

0.12

Inorganic chemicals

0.14

Inorganic chemicals

0.11

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.11

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.10

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.10

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.10

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.09

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.09

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Organic chemicals

0.09

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.06

Animal oils and fats

0.06

51 75

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.06

Organic chemicals

0.05

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.06

0.04

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.05

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.04

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.04

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.03

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.03

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.03

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.02

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.02

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.02

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.02

Other transport equipment

0.02

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.01

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.01

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.01

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.01

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.00

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.01

Other transport equipment

0.00

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.00

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

228

Description Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

Source: INTradeBID.

Annex: Country Tables

El Salvador ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

2002 1.10 1.26 2.45 2.59 ... 1.93 0.65 1.36 1.23 1.51 ... 1.55 — 2.14 ... ... 2.41 ... 0.94 2.71 1.85 2.11 1.49 ... 1.00 1.97 1.47 0.85 1.08 1.17 0.93 0.60 0.70 0.69

2003 1.09 1.03 ... 2.46 2.61 2.24 0.71 1.20 1.00 1.43 ... 1.44 — 2.06 2.79 ... 2.58 2.40 0.96 2.55 1.97 1.80 1.18 ... 1.13 1.78 1.47 0.88 1.06 1.18 0.94 0.61 0.72 0.76

2004 1.05 0.91 2.45 2.31 2.31 2.00 0.64 1.18 1.06 1.37 ... 1.40 — 1.93 2.75 ... 2.29 2.19 0.95 2.37 1.95 1.45 1.17 ... 1.16 1.43 1.28 0.94 1.09 1.18 0.98 0.53 0.71 0.72

2005 1.05 0.87 2.17 2.07 2.21 1.76 0.65 1.04 1.10 1.29 ... 1.28 — 2.04 2.33 ... 2.82 2.26 0.96 2.61 1.73 1.28 1.17 ... 1.17 1.36 1.22 0.92 1.10 1.19 0.98 0.55 0.74 0.73

2006 1.11 0.96 ... 2.19 2.32 1.72 0.78 1.03 1.15 1.28 ... 1.26 — 2.21 2.61 ... 3.30 2.95 1.02 2.75 1.82 1.10 1.16 ... 1.47 1.37 1.09 0.92 1.14 1.18 0.91 0.70 0.82 0.83

2007 1.12 0.95 ... 2.71 2.24 1.70 0.79 1.12 1.12 1.39 1.35 1.24 — 2.23 2.79 ... 3.65 2.81 1.03 2.96 1.72 1.22 1.06 ... 1.36 1.44 1.12 0.90 1.15 1.20 0.91 0.67 0.82 0.89

2008 1.07 0.89 ... 2.35 2.21 1.60 0.77 1.09 1.12 1.33 1.28 1.19 — 2.04 2.63 ... 2.90 2.68 0.94 2.43 1.66 1.17 1.00 ... 1.46 1.20 1.35 0.89 1.18 1.21 0.80 0.64 0.82 0.89

2009 1.02 0.86 ... 2.61 2.25 1.60 0.68 1.02 1.03 1.44 1.67 1.09 — 2.15 2.41 ... 2.73 2.89 0.92 2.68 1.69 1.15 0.95 ... 1.25 1.28 1.34 0.94 1.26 1.21 0.89 0.49 0.69 0.81

2010 ... 0.69 ... 2.58 2.27 1.45 0.61 1.09 0.91 1.34 ... 0.91 — 1.87 2.14 ... 2.17 1.99 0.85 2.03 1.58 1.01 0.92 ... 1.11 1.23 ... 1.08 1.15 1.19 0.97 0.34 ... 0.70

Source: INTradeBID.

229

230

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Precision Instruments

Arms/Munitions

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Base Metals

Stone/Glassware

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Animal Hides/Skins

Wood/Wood Articles

Plastics/Rubber

Chemical/Industrial Products

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Mineral Products

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

169

234

978

699

175

918

292

139

108

336

1,113

187

293

418

448

Total Tariff Lines

El Salvador ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012

169

234

233

978

699

175

917

292

139

108

336

1,113

187

293

415

430

10.68

3.85

6.18

2.09

3.17

6.94

6.31

12.81

9.61

5.09

7.95

8.33

4.51

1.86

2.71

16.31

7.54

14.19

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

164

Maximum Tariff

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

150

801

460

117

148

147

882

118

146

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

5.67

5.73

9.12

4.77

4.99

5.61

6.65

4.26

5.12

5.52

5.1

5.47

4.79

4.07

4.05

16.71

6.42

7.68

16.72

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2002 52 1 29 5 0 1 3 1 7

2003 53 1 30 5 0 1 2 1 7

2004 56 2 29 5 1 1 1 1 5

2005 52 2 31 5 1 1 0 1 7

2006 54 3 27 6 1 1 2 1 6

2007 54 2 25 5 1 1 2 1 8

2008 55 2 26 6 1 2 1 0 8

2009 52 2 25 5 1 2 1 2 9

2010 55 2 22 5 1 2 1 1 10

2011 51 2 26 7 0 3 2 1 9

2,461,102 2,634,197 2,931,239 3,377,843 3,715,322 4,527,224 5,376,021 4,997,998 5,811,557 7,060,908 1,270,488 1,387,476 1,628,002 1,764,343 2,018,272 2,455,908 2,962,945 2,612,714 3,180,501 3,632,366 35,181 37,096 48,680 66,018 94,729 107,785 103,088 104,790 126,802 146,267 724,757 788,562 857,939 1,046,114 991,502 1,148,942 1,373,665 1,271,317 1,300,177 1,809,665 112,384 135,260 143,258 167,250 224,746 239,239 316,050 263,529 314,428 464,627 138 3,513 19,360 35,826 29,917 53,998 30,345 28,782 32,279 25,834 29,373 20,494 24,459 35,908 41,769 56,052 109,752 103,114 141,230 205,688 85,579 59,520 33,716 6,180 60,519 69,796 30,608 66,923 75,848 123,689 21,643 22,972 15,716 17,453 26,556 51,047 24,596 75,242 67,897 44,038 181,559 179,304 160,109 238,751 227,312 344,457 424,972 471,587 572,395 608,734

2002

Guatemala ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

Change % 02‐11 0 1 ‐4 2 0 2 ‐2 0 1

12.4 12.4 17.2 10.7 17.1 78.8 24.1 4.2 8.2 14.4

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Annex: Country Tables

231

232 2002 48 3 1 7 39 2

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Source: INTradeBID.

2,461,102 1,184,318 86,040 12,874 163,283 957,593 56,994

2002

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

Guatemala ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 47 4 0 8 40 0

2,634,197 1,238,812 105,769 10,167 215,978 1,063,464 7

2003

2004 45 4 0 8 42 0

2,931,239 1,325,014 122,549 14,596 242,326 1,226,754 0

2004

2005 46 4 1 9 40 0

3,377,843 1,567,889 141,562 18,260 304,240 1,345,889 3

2005

2006 46 5 1 8 40 0

3,715,322 1,695,560 185,564 34,513 313,920 1,485,755 10

2006

2007 48 5 2 8 38 0

4,527,224 2,167,504 216,847 79,647 349,230 1,708,026 5,970

2007

2008 47 4 1 10 37 0

5,376,021 2,517,462 240,567 77,515 540,087 2,000,057 333

2008

2009 56 4 1 6 34 0

4,997,998 2,792,312 185,197 39,133 291,945 1,683,692 5,719

2009

2010 53 4 1 7 35 0

5,811,557 3,093,574 253,765 53,578 382,205 2,011,292 17,143

2010

2011 55 5 1 7 32 0

7,060,908 3,849,705 318,782 83,238 516,041 2,287,302 5,840

2011

Change % 02‐11 6 1 1 1 ‐7 ‐2

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11 12.4 14.0 15.7 23.0 13.6 10.2 ‐22.4

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Guatemala ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

9 17 8 27 15 39 30 22 72 40

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Coffee, tea, mate and spices Sugars and sugar confectionary Edible fruits and nuts Mineral fuels and oils Animal or veg. fats & oils Plastics & articles thereof Pharmaceutical products Beverages, spirits and vinegar Iron and steel Rubber & articles thereof Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 5,956,821 100.0 1,130,564 19.0 702,769 11.8 504,649 8.5 396,743 6.7 225,550 3.8 178,488 3.0 172,536 2.9 166,452 2.8 156,095 2.6 155,361 2.6 3,789,207 63.6

Source: INTradeBID.

233

234

2002 100 39 23 14 16 5 3

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 2,461,102 953,294 572,914 349,494 389,300 127,140 68,960

2003 2,634,197 1,025,341 632,310 407,721 403,608 151,606 13,611 2004 100 38 24 17 15 6 1

2004 2,931,239 1,108,910 690,343 489,859 452,343 173,548 16,236

Guatemala ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 40 24 16 15 5 1

2005 3,377,843 1,340,771 802,113 544,524 496,515 175,751 18,169 2006 100 38 26 16 15 5 1

2006 3,715,322 1,396,873 966,880 582,937 566,340 180,812 21,480 2007 100 40 26 14 15 5 1

2007 4,527,224 1,802,994 1,165,757 650,527 673,663 206,299 27,984 2008 100 40 26 14 15 4 0

2008 5,376,021 2,146,370 1,392,679 756,628 823,425 231,894 25,025 2009 100 42 27 12 14 5 1

2009 4,997,998 2,091,745 1,349,879 592,904 702,838 229,940 30,692

2010 100 38 29 13 14 5 1

2010 5,811,557 2,233,367 1,713,422 730,737 788,659 293,336 52,036

2011 100 43 26 13 13 4 1

2011 7,060,908 3,058,159 1,857,364 914,046 886,591 274,145 70,603

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Guatemala ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Guatemala ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

RCA

Code

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

44.48

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.96

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

33.27

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

8.31

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.92

Description

IIT 0.94

Vegetables and fruit

8.00

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.89

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

6.34

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.89

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

6.34

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.88

6.16

Beverages

0.87

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

5.18

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.85

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

4.84

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.83

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

3.47

Beverages

3.08

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Pulp and waste paper

0.79

Cereals and cereal preparations

2.77

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.75

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

2.03

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.70

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

1.71

Iron and steel

0.67

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

1.68

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.65

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

1.46

Meat and meat preparations

0.64

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

1.46

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.63

Plastics in non‐primary forms

1.39

Organic chemicals

0.61

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

1.11

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.59

Iron and steel

1.09

Meat and meat preparations

1.08

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.56

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

1.07

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.53

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

1.01

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.52

Cork and wood

0.96

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.51

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.95

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.50

0.57

Inorganic chemicals

0.91

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.50

Footwear

0.84

Footwear

0.45 0.45

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.83

Inorganic chemicals

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.83

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.45

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.81

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.45

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Pulp and waste paper

0.76

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.43

0.76

Electric current

0.41

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Gas, natural and manufactured

0.72

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.40

0.69

Vegetables and fruit

0.39

25 82 34 51

Organic chemicals

0.67

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.39

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.63

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.34

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.58

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.32

Electric current

0.49

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.25

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.44

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.20

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.41

Other transport equipment

0.19

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.37

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.18

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.34

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.17

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.30

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.17

Animal oils and fats

0.28

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.17

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.28

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.28

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Plastics in primary forms

0.15 0.14

0.15

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.27

Non‐ferrous metals

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.25

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.14

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.23

Cork and wood

0.12 0.11

Plastics in primary forms

0.22

Metalworking machinery

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.17

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.10

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.16

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.10

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐

0.11

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.09

0.10

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.09

0.10

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.09

0.10

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.08

77 97

l i l f l i lh h ld Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

)

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.09

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.07

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.06

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.07

Non‐ferrous metals

0.05

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.07

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.04

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.07

Metalworking machinery

0.04

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.05

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.03

Other transport equipment

0.01

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Animal oils and fats

0.02

0.04

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.00

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

235

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Guatemala ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

Source: INTradeBID.

236

2002 0.95 1.31 2.13 2.44 ... 1.83 0.79 1.28 1.19 1.17 ... 1.59 1.97 — ... ... 1.69 ... 0.70 2.08 1.59 2.11 1.50 ... 1.35 2.12 1.35 0.81 1.05 1.19 1.08 0.56 0.79 0.76

2003 0.97 1.17 ... 2.22 2.02 1.88 0.85 1.24 0.97 1.10 ... 1.44 1.96 — 2.13 ... 1.70 2.09 0.75 2.15 1.67 1.70 1.23 ... 1.49 2.08 1.48 0.88 1.08 1.21 1.08 0.58 0.80 0.77

2004 1.00 1.03 2.01 2.19 2.19 1.86 0.91 1.22 1.06 1.19 ... 1.45 1.98 — 2.09 ... 1.64 1.83 0.76 2.03 1.65 1.51 1.43 ... 1.31 1.73 1.32 0.89 1.09 1.21 1.07 0.59 0.78 0.76

2005 0.95 0.95 1.83 1.79 1.78 1.76 0.83 1.08 1.04 1.11 ... 1.36 2.00 — 1.62 ... 1.76 1.76 0.74 2.13 1.51 1.33 1.42 ... 1.38 1.66 1.05 0.90 1.10 1.22 1.08 0.57 0.77 0.74

2006 0.98 0.93 ... 1.89 1.84 1.72 0.80 1.12 1.07 1.09 ... 1.26 2.06 — 1.59 ... 1.93 2.11 0.80 2.19 1.56 1.15 1.43 ... 1.38 1.67 1.00 0.90 1.13 1.18 1.05 0.63 0.80 0.78

2007 0.97 0.95 ... 2.48 1.75 1.58 0.80 1.13 1.01 1.11 1.34 1.25 1.92 — 2.07 ... 1.79 1.81 0.81 2.06 1.28 1.29 1.26 ... 1.38 1.69 1.01 0.90 1.14 1.21 1.06 0.61 0.80 0.86

2008 0.95 0.89 ... 2.11 1.59 1.46 0.80 1.12 0.98 1.06 1.30 1.14 1.97 — 1.59 ... 1.62 1.69 0.78 1.98 1.24 1.24 1.10 ... 1.35 1.37 1.19 0.91 1.13 1.19 1.00 0.69 0.81 0.83

2009 0.97 0.94 ... 2.29 1.55 1.42 0.79 1.20 1.08 1.13 1.31 1.12 1.94 — 1.80 ... 1.66 2.25 0.82 1.85 1.20 1.19 1.08 ... 1.33 1.50 1.15 0.91 1.22 1.21 0.97 0.57 0.76 0.88

2010 ... 0.88 ... 2.76 1.61 1.49 0.78 1.19 1.10 1.19 ... 1.18 1.87 — 1.67 ... 1.69 2.17 0.83 1.82 1.24 1.20 1.12 ... 1.50 1.60 ... 0.94 1.17 1.14 0.96 0.58 ... 0.88

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Precision Instruments

Arms/Munitions

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Base Metals

Stone/Glassware

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Animal Hides/Skins

Wood/Wood Articles

Plastics/Rubber

Chemical/Industrial Products

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Mineral Products

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

169

234

978

699

175

918

292

139

108

336

1,113

187

293

418

448

Total Tariff Lines

Guatemala ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012

169

234

233

978

699

175

917

292

139

108

336

1,113

187

293

418

448

10.68

16.43

3.85

8.03

2.1

3.06

6.94

6.31

12.81

9.58

5.09

8.53

8.33

4.51

1.87

2.54

12.51

7.54

9.93

11.25

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

201

Maximum Tariff

325

234

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

150

801

475

118

148

147

880

124

145

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

5.67

2.31

5.73

6.95

4.78

5.61

6.65

4.26

5.11

5.52

5.02

5.47

4.79

4.07

3.99

7.61

6.49

14.42

4.84

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Annex: Country Tables

237

238 2002 … … … … … … … … …

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

Source: INTradeBID.

… … … … … … … … … …

2002

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

Guyana ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 16 21 32 25 0 0 0 0 5

497,204 78,657 104,439 157,861 126,674 1,268 1,843 1,821 114 24,527

2003

2004 22 18 17 22 0 0 0 1 19

549,652 121,538 100,666 93,407 120,994 1,679 213 691 3,692 106,772

2004

2005 21 17 15 33 1 0 0 1 12

558,453 118,634 94,745 84,409 183,781 5,099 1,717 1,302 3,852 64,914

2005

2006 21 19 14 31 2 1 0 1 12

549,057 113,547 101,947 78,431 170,452 13,605 3,860 1,000 2,978 63,237

2006

2007 23 21 14 25 1 1 0 1 13

799,761 185,856 169,845 115,964 201,591 10,890 4,907 69 8,173 102,466

2007

2008 17 22 17 27 2 1 0 1 14

833,909 139,756 187,480 145,251 221,020 12,846 5,646 709 7,137 114,064

2008

2009 16 28 13 27 2 1 0 1 12

730,671 117,615 203,502 97,830 197,918 12,602 5,812 981 6,983 87,428

2009

2010 22 18 22 24 2 1 0 1 10

939,352 204,802 173,489 202,586 222,212 16,649 8,152 884 12,157 98,421

2010

2011 26 20 22 21 1 1 0 1 8

1,048,216 271,257 210,979 232,626 219,667 7,554 13,185 1,026 9,412 82,510

2011

Change % 03‐11 10 ‐1 ‐10 ‐5 0 1 0 1 3

9.8 16.7 9.2 5.0 7.1 25.0 27.9 ‐6.9 73.6 16.4

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03‐11

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

2002 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2002

Guyana ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 46 3 40 0 10 0

497,204 229,004 16,804 201,343 30 48,246 1,777

2003

2004 46 5 39 0 9 0

549,652 251,982 29,254 215,871 97 52,032 416

2004

2005 53 6 31 0 10 0

558,453 297,730 35,986 170,908 40 53,258 531

2005

2006 53 9 30 0 7 0

549,057 290,704 49,848 167,366 14 40,984 141

2006

2007 42 6 37 0 15 0

799,761 338,652 44,634 292,628 107 123,740 0

2007

2008 41 4 50 0 5 0

833,909 338,173 37,507 414,772 10 43,447 0

2008

2009 42 4 49 0 5 0

730,671 306,822 31,032 357,706 34 35,077 0

2009

2010 43 6 47 0 5 0

939,362 404,430 52,279 437,578 5 45,070 0

2010

2011 41 4 46 0 9 0

1,048,216 434,042 38,226 484,040 8 91,900 0

2011

Change % 03‐11 ‐5 0 6 0 ‐1 0

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03‐11 9.8 8.3 10.8 11.6 ‐15.2 8.4 ‐100.0

Annex: Country Tables

239

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Guyana ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

71 26 17 10 44 3 22 86 62 72

Source: INTradeBID.

240

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Precious metals and stones Ores, slag & ash Sugars and sugar confectionary Cereals Wood & articles of wood Fish and crustaceans Beverages, spirits and vinegar Railway cars and locomotives Woven apparel Iron and steel Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 906,083 100.0 272,581 30.1 147,904 16.3 142,371 15.7 135,480 15.0 54,201 6.0 52,081 5.7 31,447 3.5 14,523 1.6 4,679 0.5 4,545 0.5 859,813 94.9

2002 … … … … … … …

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 … … … … … … …

US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2003 100 36 34 4 1 1 25

2003 497,204 177,875 167,423 21,028 4,951 2,806 123,121 2004 100 26 50 3 2 1 19

2004 549,652 143,695 273,579 17,396 10,027 3,153 101,802

Guyana ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 27 50 3 2 1 17

2005 558,453 152,526 277,332 14,886 12,356 5,437 95,916 2006 100 30 50 3 1 1 15

2006 549,057 166,446 277,259 16,435 4,835 3,178 80,904 2007 100 31 37 2 3 2 25

2007 799,761 245,991 299,271 15,856 22,789 16,082 199,772 2008 100 45 30 1 1 1 23

2008 833,909 374,854 246,900 11,430 5,278 4,952 190,495 2009 100 37 31 1 1 1 29

2009 730,671 272,631 224,312 10,128 5,536 4,043 214,021

2010 100 43 27 2 1 1 27

2010 939,362 405,176 252,714 15,101 6,261 5,187 254,923

2011 100 35 28 1 5 1 30

2011 1,048,216 363,665 290,718 15,404 52,732 7,464 318,233

Annex: Country Tables

241

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Guyana ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Guyana ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

RCA

Code

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

Description

43.90

Beverages

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

25.65

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.76

Cereals and cereal preparations

22.54

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.62

Cork and wood

15.69

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.61

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

9.35

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.60

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Vegetables and fruit

0.55

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

7.74

Beverages

6.12

IIT 0.98

0.57

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

4.21

Metalworking machinery

0.52

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

1.47

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.43

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.86

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.42

0.85

Non‐ferrous metals

0.42

0 5

Vegetables and fruit

0.77

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.37

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.58

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.35

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.37

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.25

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.25

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.21

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.22

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.18

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.21

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.16

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.15

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.14

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.14

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.13

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.14

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.12

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.10

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.10

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Pulp and waste paper

0.10

Non‐ferrous metals

0.09

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.09

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.09

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.09

0.08

0.06

0.07

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Dairy products and birds' eggs

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.07

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.05

Metalworking machinery

0.07

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.05

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.05

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.05

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.05

53 82

0.10

0.05

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.04

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.04

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.03

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.04

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.03

Plastics in primary forms

0.03

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.03

Footwear

0.03

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.03

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.03

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.03

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.03

Plastics in primary forms

0.02

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.03

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.02

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.03

Footwear

0.02

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.02

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.02

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.02

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.02

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.02

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.02

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.02

Iron and steel

0.02

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.02

Other transport equipment

0.01

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.02

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.01

Other transport equipment

0.02

0.01

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.01

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.01

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.01

Meat and meat preparations

0.01

Cork and wood

0.01

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.01

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.01

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.00

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.01

Organic chemicals

0.00

Organic chemicals

0.01 0.00

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.00

Iron and steel

Animal oils and fats

0.00

Meat and meat preparations

0.00

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.00

Inorganic chemicals

0.00

Inorganic chemicals

0.00

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.00

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.00

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.00

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.00

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.00

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.00

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

242

Description

Source: INTradeBID.

Annex: Country Tables

Guyana ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

2002 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … — … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

2003 0.58 1.25 ... 1.76 0.41 0.55 0.76 0.77 0.33 0.64 ... 0.35 0.61 0.42 — … 1.01 2.82 0.39 0.32 0.34 0.22 0.41 ... 1.17 1.72 1.13 0.77 1.17 0.80 1.17 0.80 1.45 1.00

2004 0.57 0.45 1.49 2.19 2.19 0.58 0.50 0.73 0.42 0.82 ... 0.39 0.62 0.50 — … 1.15 2.53 0.43 0.23 0.36 0.25 1.21 ... 1.17 1.14 0.84 0.86 0.93 0.86 1.23 0.64 1.24 0.93

2005 0.55 0.45 1.36 1.96 0.43 0.72 0.34 0.78 0.45 0.74 ... 0.42 0.74 0.46 — … 1.12 2.70 0.42 0.30 0.62 0.27 1.77 ... 1.48 1.40 0.61 0.80 1.18 0.90 1.17 0.72 0.84 1.19

2006 0.60 0.43 ... 2.11 0.67 0.57 0.41 0.69 0.83 0.71 ... 0.26 0.76 0.50 — … 1.16 3.04 0.55 1.12 0.52 0.38 1.28 ... 1.26 1.34 0.43 0.89 1.16 0.85 1.12 0.68 0.80 1.12

2007 0.69 0.73 ... 2.76 0.76 0.70 0.45 0.80 0.71 0.93 0.85 0.43 0.85 0.64 — … 0.98 2.37 0.63 2.00 0.77 0.37 1.01 ... 1.21 1.09 0.83 0.75 1.64 0.84 0.87 0.73 0.72 1.18

2008 0.58 1.47 ... 1.98 0.55 0.95 0.32 0.68 0.44 0.58 0.60 0.34 0.72 0.52 — … 1.01 1.80 0.47 2.26 0.64 0.15 0.77 ... 0.81 0.53 0.62 0.73 2.06 0.78 0.74 1.01 0.58 1.27

2009 0.57 1.35 ... 1.95 0.40 0.71 0.32 0.81 0.46 0.60 0.83 0.32 0.81 0.45 — … 1.03 2.30 0.51 1.35 0.31 0.18 0.62 ... 0.90 0.70 0.62 0.72 1.90 0.70 0.73 0.70 0.63 1.05

2010 ... 1.07 ... 2.20 0.51 0.52 0.44 0.59 0.34 0.65 ... 0.29 0.83 0.57 — … 1.18 2.58 0.49 1.80 0.95 0.21 0.69 ... 1.03 0.61 ... 0.67 1.84 0.62 0.63 0.68 ... 1.28

Source: INTradeBID.

243

244 80

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Base Metals

Precision Instruments

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Stone/Glassware

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Wood/Wood Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Plastics/Rubber

Animal Hides/Skins

Chemical/Industrial Products

244

Mineral Products

167

229

196

869

712

186

902

172

134

937

187

359

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Processed Foods/Tobacco

382

330

Vegetable Products

Total Tariff Lines

Live Animals/Products

Section Name

Section

Guyana ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2010

143

116

210

161

370

243

313

263

312

16.68

43.1

22.46

19.27

16.29

15.43

49.14

16.52

18.3

19.74

13.36

15.13

14.95

12.92

13.73

27.65

38.29

28.02

28.78

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

100

Maximum Tariff

358

161

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

5.21

26.67

17.2

14.95

9.42

5.74

15.97

6.84

4.12

1.73

8.73

3.51

5.45

8.87

7.13

27.01

5.68

16.39

16.6

Standard Deviation

113

121

659

551

532

108

148

694

136

119

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

2002 31 1 46 15 0 2 0 0 5

961,782 300,830 9,531 445,560 141,043 379 17,404 3,518 118 43,399

2002

Honduras ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 34 0 41 15 0 2 0 1 6

992,221 339,499 3,127 411,673 151,975 2,664 15,897 4,482 8,095 54,809

2003

2004 27 1 51 14 1 1 0 1 5

1,610,676 431,375 9,123 828,687 230,512 8,470 14,603 3,552 8,355 75,999

2004

2005 24 1 51 14 1 1 1 1 6

1,883,069 457,126 11,915 965,121 269,951 18,213 16,579 13,238 12,025 118,901

2005

2006 27 0 47 15 1 1 1 0 7

2,093,461 574,950 10,251 979,188 320,564 13,604 20,599 15,914 7,137 151,254

2006

2007 31 0 43 16 1 1 1 1 6

2,391,270 749,781 7,281 1,019,998 381,096 19,407 19,651 34,890 14,999 144,167

2007

2008 38 0 39 12 1 1 0 1 7

3,106,124 1,166,007 12,594 1,226,439 381,035 33,291 26,851 11,843 19,943 228,121

2008

2009 25 0 48 16 2 1 2 0 7

2,627,952 660,408 11,303 1,249,665 410,144 42,215 19,489 52,293 564 181,871

2009

2010 25 1 40 20 3 1 2 0 9

2,584,294 635,751 13,344 1,021,447 524,210 84,045 25,380 47,869 1,290 230,958

2010

2011 28 2 33 21 2 1 2 0 10

3,896,770 1,095,686 94,699 1,279,785 822,423 83,045 52,246 68,688 5,723 394,475

2011

Change % 02‐11 ‐3 1 ‐13 6 2 0 1 0 6

16.8 15.4 29.1 12.4 21.6 82.0 13.0 39.1 53.9 27.8

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Annex: Country Tables

245

246

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

2002 61 4 10 0 25 0

961,782 587,688 42,761 93,880 564 236,759 130

2002

Honduras ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 60 4 9 0 26 0

992,221 597,960 40,596 91,971 1,935 258,474 1,285

2003

2004 54 3 7 0 36 0

1,610,676 865,914 49,017 108,151 1,718 585,636 240

2004

2005 54 3 7 0 36 0

1,883,069 1,025,251 48,014 126,196 8,942 673,093 1,573

2005

2006 54 3 9 2 32 0

2,093,461 1,129,484 53,978 189,022 44,495 675,588 894

2006

2007 52 2 10 5 28 2

2,391,270 1,247,201 54,291 231,358 128,772 680,112 49,536

2007

2008 49 2 8 10 29 2

3,106,124 1,509,516 54,404 261,434 317,983 908,509 54,278

2008

2009 51 1 9 4 33 1

2,627,952 1,345,589 36,461 232,681 106,797 879,258 27,166

2009

2010 59 1 13 6 20 1

2,584,294 1,535,336 35,648 326,313 147,707 520,571 18,719

2010

2011 72 2 9 0 15 2

3,896,770 2,804,459 65,972 366,434 2,279 592,047 65,579

2011

Change % 02‐11 11 ‐3 0 0 ‐9 2

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11 16.8 19.0 4.9 16.3 16.8 10.7 99.7

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Honduras ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

9 8 3 15 71 49 24 26 27 85

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Coffee, tea, mate and spices Edible fruits and nuts Fish and crustaceans Animal or veg. fats & oils Precious metals and stones Printed books, newspapers Tobacco Ores, slag & ash Mineral fuels and oils Electrical machinery Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 3,036,339 100.0 860,961 28.4 330,248 10.9 199,789 6.6 177,465 5.8 172,017 5.7 123,870 4.1 101,459 3.3 90,168 3.0 85,612 2.8 77,804 2.6 2,219,393 73.1

Source: INTradeBID.

247

248

2002 100 54 22 13 7 1 4

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 961,782 516,761 209,441 125,187 63,027 7,397 39,969

US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2003 100 51 23 12 9 1 4

2003 992,221 509,379 231,330 115,043 86,361 11,413 38,695 2004 100 47 17 12 19 2 2

2004 1,610,676 764,636 275,250 199,043 301,099 33,234 37,414

Honduras ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 48 17 12 18 3 2

2005 1,883,069 906,907 322,531 223,493 330,858 63,230 36,050 2006 100 51 17 9 19 1 3

2006 2,093,461 1,068,869 354,585 192,706 393,774 26,819 56,708 2007 100 52 18 9 16 1 5

2007 2,391,270 1,238,320 428,976 210,053 374,199 31,475 108,247 2008 100 50 19 10 15 1 5

2008 3,106,124 1,555,849 580,949 299,358 476,307 46,588 147,073 2009 100 46 16 6 10 1 21

2009 2,627,952 1,213,289 414,645 166,812 261,420 29,105 542,681

2010 100 58 17 8 9 1 8

2010 2,584,294 1,497,190 433,763 195,702 234,596 27,856 195,187

2011 100 63 18 6 5 1 7

2011 3,896,770 2,439,465 720,442 247,213 186,806 34,807 268,037

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Honduras ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Honduras ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

Description

RCA

Code

49.49

Description Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

IIT

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

13.96

Inorganic chemicals

0.80

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

12.06

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.77

Vegetables and fruit

10.42

Meat and meat preparations

0.69

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

8.59

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.67

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

8.03

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.66

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

6.41

0.66 0.64 0.56

0.92

Gas, natural and manufactured

3.16

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Organic chemicals

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

2.96

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

2.49

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.54

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

2.33

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.54

Cork and wood

1.95

Pulp and waste paper

0.52

1.71

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

1.45

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Cork and wood

0.43

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

1.35

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.43

Cereals and cereal preparations

1.34

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.42

0.48

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

1.33

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.40

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

1.21

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.40

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.90

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.38

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.89

Vegetables and fruit

0.37

0.32

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.85

Inorganic chemicals

0.59

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.59

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.31

Pulp and waste paper

0.56

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.31

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed

0.55

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.28

0.55

0.43

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.26

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.23 0.23

0.36

0.26

f i hi Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.42

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.42

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.41

Iron and steel

0.22

Meat and meat preparations

0.41

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.21

0.37

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.19

0.36

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.17

0.33

Footwear

0.16

0.32

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.15

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.15 0.14

77 67

l i l Iron and steel

f l

i lh

h ld

)

Beverages

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.32

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.31

Plastics in primary forms

Animal oils and fats

0.30

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.14

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.22

Other transport equipment

0.13

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.22

Beverages

0.11

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.21

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.20

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.10

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.18

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.10

0.11

Plastics in primary forms

0.17

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.08

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.16

Metalworking machinery

0.08

Footwear

0.14

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.08

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.13

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.07

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.07

Non‐ferrous metals

0.07

Organic chemicals

0.07

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.06

Metalworking machinery

0.05

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.05

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.04

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.04

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.04

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.03

Non‐ferrous metals

0.04

Electric current

0.03

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.03

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.02

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.03

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.02

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.02

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.02

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.02

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.02

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.01

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.01

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.01

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.01

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.01

Animal oils and fats

0.01

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.00

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.00

Other transport equipment

0.00

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.00

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.00

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

249

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Honduras ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

Source: INTradeBID.

250

2002 0.69 1.05 1.91 1.82 ... 0.91 0.43 0.74 0.69 0.79 ... 0.86 1.75 0.98 ... — ... ... 0.65 1.29 0.96 1.32 0.72 ... 0.65 1.14 0.75 0.93 1.13 1.25 1.59 0.50 0.75 0.62

2003 0.77 1.00 ... 1.75 1.50 1.08 0.45 0.75 0.70 0.73 ... 0.92 1.90 0.97 1.52 — ... 1.15 0.75 1.83 1.15 1.15 0.79 ... 0.73 1.04 0.91 0.89 1.15 1.29 1.37 0.58 0.72 0.62

2004 0.87 0.85 1.65 1.66 1.66 1.08 0.52 0.81 0.73 0.80 ... 0.92 1.69 0.96 1.55 — ... 1.02 0.95 1.51 1.07 0.95 0.78 ... 0.62 0.91 0.88 0.97 1.18 1.24 1.49 0.61 0.71 0.68

2005 0.86 0.79 1.57 1.32 1.38 1.08 0.53 0.91 0.79 0.75 ... 0.91 1.62 1.09 1.39 — ... 1.03 0.95 1.52 0.99 0.92 0.82 ... 0.69 0.92 0.73 0.98 1.16 1.26 1.48 0.58 0.70 0.67

2006 0.84 0.75 ... 1.39 1.49 0.93 0.55 0.90 0.75 0.73 ... 0.81 1.63 1.11 1.46 — ... 1.09 0.94 1.47 1.01 0.69 0.81 ... 0.62 0.84 0.66 0.99 1.18 1.24 1.53 0.61 0.81 0.68

2007 0.81 0.78 ... 1.61 1.50 0.88 0.58 1.21 0.60 0.70 1.55 0.78 1.78 1.32 1.50 — ... 0.98 0.86 1.62 0.92 0.86 0.65 ... 0.59 0.96 0.62 1.00 1.21 1.25 1.54 0.69 0.91 0.66

2008 0.85 0.68 ... 1.28 1.36 0.78 0.70 1.16 0.65 0.69 2.35 0.69 2.02 1.67 1.63 — ... 0.97 0.88 1.80 0.99 0.86 0.73 ... 0.58 0.74 0.82 1.00 1.08 1.19 1.56 0.71 1.02 0.73

2009 0.78 0.78 ... 1.66 1.71 0.86 0.53 0.86 0.87 0.83 1.39 1.13 1.94 1.42 1.37 — ... 1.45 0.74 1.59 1.04 0.77 0.70 ... 0.68 0.80 0.90 1.01 1.44 1.20 1.20 0.58 0.74 0.71

2010 ... 0.71 ... 1.47 1.55 0.72 0.54 0.94 0.80 0.80 ... 0.63 1.78 1.33 1.08 — ... 1.05 0.64 1.28 0.74 0.68 0.60 ... 0.65 0.83 ... 1.00 1.28 1.19 1.33 0.59 ... 0.71

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precision Instruments

Base Metals

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Stone/Glassware

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Animal Hides/Skins

Wood/Wood Articles

Plastics/Rubber

Chemical/Industrial Products

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Mineral Products

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

169

234

978

699

175

918

292

139

108

336

1,113

187

293

418

448

Total Tariff Lines

Honduras ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012

169

234

233

978

699

175

917

292

139

108

336

1,113

187

293

418

448

10.65

12.62

3.85

6.09

2.08

3.1

6.94

6.31

12.81

9.61

5.09

8.53

8.33

4.43

1.74

2.94

12.39

8.16

11.13

13.74

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

164

152

164

Maximum Tariff

326

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

150

803

470

116

148

149

908

119

145

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

5.68

4.36

5.73

4.69

4.77

5.61

6.65

4.26

5.09

5.52

5.02

5.47

4.78

4.05

4.51

11.28

5.87

18.79

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Annex: Country Tables

251

252 2002 … … … … … … … … …

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

Source: INTradeBID.

… … … … … … … … … …

2002

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

Jamaica ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 6 16 29 31 8 2 0 0 9

1,194,318 71,222 192,405 341,087 365,336 96,585 25,192 180 180 102,131

2003

2004 5 19 21 32 12 2 0 0 8

1,411,498 75,810 268,018 303,037 447,625 166,207 34,836 62 498 115,405

2004

2005 5 19 26 24 7 1 0 0 19

1,514,251 68,823 293,840 386,382 359,127 107,486 15,540 113 1,094 281,846

2005

2006 4 16 30 24 15 1 0 0 9

1,988,581 74,989 309,429 604,207 481,585 300,584 28,722 142 1,235 187,688

2006

2007 3 15 37 26 3 1 0 0 14

2,223,757 74,542 333,298 826,716 578,046 69,601 28,119 353 2,970 310,112

2007

2008 4 11 40 27 0 1 0 0 16

2,430,151 95,940 259,093 978,201 667,035 1,526 23,656 923 9,340 394,437

2008

2009 7 10 49 17 1 3 0 1 12

1,315,828 94,631 131,618 648,079 220,295 17,144 37,323 547 7,209 158,982

2009

2010 6 12 49 13 0 1 1 1 15

1,337,197 83,992 164,862 659,602 171,968 1,798 15,758 17,333 18,211 203,673

2010

2011 6 16 52 16 1 1 0 1 7

1,616,754 92,049 261,221 836,662 263,738 21,338 13,517 1,908 12,097 114,224

2011

0 0 23 ‐14 ‐7 ‐1 0 1 ‐1

Change % 03‐11

3.9 3.3 3.9 11.9 ‐4.0 ‐17.2 ‐7.5 34.3 69.2 1.4

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03‐11

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

2002 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2002

Jamaica ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 23 0 66 0 9 2

1,194,318 270,515 1,742 785,433 6 107,573 29,049

2003

2004 22 0 66 2 10 0

1,411,498 310,374 1,808 928,666 33,642 137,008 0

2004

2005 17 0 69 7 7 0

1,514,251 260,361 1,865 1,037,953 111,328 102,739 5

2005

2006 17 0 63 14 7 0

1,988,581 329,199 1,958 1,257,356 268,646 131,422 0

2006

2007 15 0 62 15 8 0

2,223,757 340,804 1,487 1,387,683 326,606 167,177 0

2007

2008 14 0 56 18 11 0

2,430,151 350,026 1,666 1,370,964 432,926 274,569 0

2008

2009 26 0 36 16 22 0

1,315,828 338,940 2,020 467,536 213,844 289,746 3,742

2009

2010 23 0 42 22 12 1

1,337,197 312,822 3,126 565,771 291,310 157,156 7,012

2010

2011 21 0 47 23 8 0

1,616,754 344,698 2,338 766,240 372,086 124,361 7,031

2011

‐1 0 ‐18 23 ‐1 ‐2

Change % 03‐11

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03‐11 3.9 3.1 3.7 ‐0.3 297.2 1.8 ‐16.2

Annex: Country Tables

253

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Jamaica ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

28 27 22 26 17 9 7 20 21 71

Source: INTradeBID.

254

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Inorganic chemicals Mineral fuels and oils Beverages, spirits and vinegar Ores, slag & ash Sugars and sugar confectionary Coffee, tea, mate and spices Edible vegetables and roots Preparations of vegetables Misc. edible preparations Precious metals and stones Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 1,423,260 100.0 456,113 32.0 292,427 20.5 181,920 12.8 118,136 8.3 62,633 4.4 31,823 2.2 25,640 1.8 23,030 1.6 20,767 1.5 20,452 1.4 1,232,941 86.6

2002 … … … … … … …

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 … … … … … … …

US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2003 100 74 16 2 4 1 3

2003 1,194,318 881,444 193,358 24,267 52,018 12,760 30,471 2004 100 73 19 2 5 1 0

2004 1,411,498 1,026,206 267,133 25,899 74,089 16,900 1,271

Jamaica ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 73 22 1 3 1 0

2005 1,514,251 1,100,705 328,487 22,481 50,508 11,047 1,023 2006 100 68 26 1 3 1 0

2006 1,988,581 1,352,687 526,831 25,849 65,333 16,535 1,346 2007 100 66 27 1 5 1 0

2007 2,223,757 1,475,151 604,816 18,876 103,001 20,384 1,529 2008 100 60 31 1 8 1 0

2008 2,430,151 1,455,228 742,416 17,295 196,806 16,969 1,437 2009 100 42 37 2 16 2 1

2009 1,315,828 555,756 490,529 30,958 210,458 20,690 7,437

2010 100 48 40 2 6 2 2

2010 1,337,197 639,461 539,802 24,216 81,953 21,370 30,395

2011 100 51 39 1 3 2 3

2011 1,616,754 831,809 635,368 19,826 45,062 35,195 49,494

Annex: Country Tables

255

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Jamaica ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Jamaica ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

RCA

Code

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

20.79

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

1.00

Beverages

14.50

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.87

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

11.60

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.85

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

5.42

Other transport equipment

0.81

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

4.42

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.80

Vegetables and fruit

3.83

Beverages

0.77

Description

IIT

Electric current

3.26

Vegetables and fruit

0.72

Organic chemicals

1.85

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

1.76

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.43 0.27

0.45

Cereals and cereal preparations

1.48

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

1.16

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.26

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

1.12

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.24

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Dairy products and birds' eggs

1.01

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.19

0.99

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.17

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.93

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.17

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.91

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.17

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.48

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.16

Inorganic chemicals

0.46

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.15

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.34

Metalworking machinery

0.14

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.33

Inorganic chemicals

0.14

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.32

Non‐ferrous metals

0.13

Meat and meat preparations

0.29

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.13

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.29

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.13

Other transport equipment

0.26

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.12

Pulp and waste paper

0.25

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.11

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.21

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.10

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.18

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.09

0.17

Organic chemicals

0.09

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.16

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.08

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.16

Meat and meat preparations

0.07

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.16

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.14

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.06

0.07

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.14

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.06

0.14

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.05

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.11

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.10

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.05

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.10

Pulp and waste paper

0.05

0.09

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.05

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.08

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.04

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.08

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.04

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.07

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.04

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.07

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.03

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.06

Metalworking machinery

0.04

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into

0.03

73 87

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.04

f bi ) Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.03 0.02

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.04

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.02

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.04

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.02

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.04

Plastics in primary forms

0.02

Footwear

0.03

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.01

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.02

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.01

0.02

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.01

65 68

Non‐ferrous metals

0.02

Footwear

0.01

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.01

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.01

Cork and wood

0.01

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.00

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.01

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.00

Plastics in primary forms

0.01

Cork and wood

0.00

Iron and steel

0.01

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.00 0.00

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.00

Iron and steel

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.00

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.00

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.00

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.00

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

256

Description

Source: INTradeBID.

Annex: Country Tables

Jamaica ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

2002 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … — … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

2003 0.65 5.89 ... 1.03 0.60 0.41 0.40 0.44 0.54 0.25 ... 0.64 0.57 0.40 0.74 ... 0.48 — 0.36 0.45 0.46 0.43 0.35 ... 0.52 0.82 1.29 0.69 2.89 0.76 0.52 2.80 0.46 0.48

2004 0.72 4.21 0.96 1.07 1.07 0.45 0.46 0.51 0.51 0.30 ... 0.59 0.59 0.50 0.65 ... 0.52 — 0.35 0.44 0.48 0.45 0.60 ... 0.60 0.68 0.76 0.62 2.54 0.82 0.52 2.93 0.62 0.56

2005 0.62 3.49 0.99 1.08 0.85 0.53 0.54 0.42 0.46 0.36 ... 0.56 0.65 0.59 1.01 ... 0.74 — 0.34 0.49 0.62 0.56 0.53 ... 0.58 0.56 0.44 0.67 2.94 0.77 0.46 3.20 0.47 0.61

2006 0.67 3.22 ... 1.24 1.26 0.64 0.61 0.48 0.52 0.46 ... 0.65 0.93 0.86 1.35 ... 0.99 — 0.40 0.65 0.83 0.68 0.57 ... 0.56 0.64 0.34 0.68 2.79 0.77 0.45 2.78 0.56 0.75

2007 0.74 2.88 ... 0.82 1.24 0.60 0.67 0.75 0.51 0.52 0.84 0.65 0.88 0.96 1.33 ... 1.04 — 0.47 0.65 0.92 0.74 0.50 ... 0.56 0.73 0.37 0.79 2.92 0.79 0.48 2.32 0.54 0.80

2008 0.86 3.73 ... 1.36 1.16 0.79 0.63 0.76 0.64 0.59 0.85 0.65 1.35 1.00 1.58 ... 1.15 — 0.55 0.74 0.97 0.82 0.53 ... 0.75 0.72 0.42 0.86 3.13 0.85 0.51 2.36 0.56 0.84

2009 0.91 3.13 ... 1.59 1.38 1.02 0.62 0.89 0.77 0.77 0.91 0.77 1.35 1.30 1.92 ... 1.33 — 0.70 0.99 1.11 1.01 0.59 ... 1.10 0.97 0.63 0.87 2.43 0.92 0.64 1.68 0.76 1.01

2010 ... 2.59 ... 1.29 1.60 1.09 0.62 0.79 0.72 0.83 ... 1.01 1.02 1.35 1.97 ... 1.60 — 0.64 1.00 1.33 1.00 0.60 ... 0.61 0.74 ... 0.84 2.31 0.82 0.55 1.33 ... 0.97

Source: INTradeBID.

257

258

Base Metals

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precision Instruments

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Paper/Cellulose Material

Stone/Glassware

Wood/Wood Articles

Animal Hides/Skins

Textiles

Plastics/Rubber

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Chemical/Industrial Products

Mineral Products

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

167

229

196

869

712

186

902

172

134

244

937

187

359

382

330

Total Tariff Lines

Jamaica ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2010

143

116

210

161

370

243

313

263

312

16.68

24.05

17.03

15.79

15.43

27.43

15.9

18.3

19.74

13.52

15.13

15.26

12.9

12.35

19.84

38.29

26.94

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

Maximum Tariff

358

164

190

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

5.21

7.35

9.23

10.65

8.37

5.74

8.52

6.24

4.12

1.73

8.76

3.51

5.25

8.93

6.19

10.1

5.68

16.56

17.29

Standard Deviation

113

121

659

551

532

108

148

694

136

119

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2002 3 2 89 3 0 0 0 0 2

2003 3 2 89 3 0 0 0 0 3

2004 3 1 89 3 0 0 0 0 3

2005 4 2 86 4 1 1 0 0 3

2006 5 2 85 4 1 1 0 0 2

2007 6 2 82 5 1 1 0 0 3

2008 7 2 80 6 1 1 0 0 3

2009 6 4 81 5 1 1 0 0 3

2010 7 4 80 5 1 1 0 0 2

2011 7 3 79 5 2 1 0 0 3

160,680,678 165,408,509 189,198,615 214,231,132 249,995,458 272,050,966 292,638,248 229,618,134 298,471,194 349,564,527 4,893,506 4,649,087 6,072,082 9,434,178 12,254,483 16,217,408 19,994,680 14,431,239 20,473,234 25,869,534 2,808,864 2,834,902 2,768,906 4,234,453 5,176,206 6,496,335 7,129,494 8,375,079 10,685,593 10,673,708 142,953,841 146,836,377 167,504,130 183,562,803 211,871,382 223,537,520 234,561,891 184,878,726 238,684,362 274,712,206 4,926,267 5,468,706 6,475,510 7,804,398 10,315,764 13,339,335 16,593,788 10,874,322 13,550,727 17,680,754 455,853 463,012 473,257 1,135,545 1,688,087 1,895,958 2,046,907 2,215,534 4,182,802 5,965,088 468,580 607,027 555,550 1,469,982 1,594,011 1,924,983 2,068,030 1,614,520 1,925,534 2,253,869 184,996 95,120 110,460 241,831 457,474 680,651 538,052 500,034 928,783 1,521,844 438,891 273,961 367,050 594,614 605,529 784,227 870,229 858,571 1,145,265 1,276,700 3,549,880 4,180,317 4,871,670 5,753,328 6,032,522 7,174,549 8,835,177 5,870,109 6,894,894 9,610,824

2002

Mexico ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

Change % 02‐11 4 1 ‐10 2 1 0 0 0 1

9.0 20.3 16.0 7.5 15.3 33.1 19.1 26.4 12.6 11.7

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Annex: Country Tables

259

260

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2002 5 1 1 9 84 0

2003 6 1 1 11 81 0

2004 5 1 2 12 80 0

2005 5 1 2 15 77 0

2006 5 0 3 15 76 0

2007 6 0 3 16 75 0

2008 6 0 4 17 73 0

2009 7 0 4 13 75 1

2010 6 0 5 14 74 1

2011 6 0 6 16 71 1

160,680,678 165,408,509 189,198,615 214,231,132 249,995,458 272,050,966 292,638,248 229,618,134 298,471,194 349,564,527 8,049,368 9,130,899 10,316,348 11,482,239 13,472,818 15,016,608 17,010,678 14,929,616 17,829,329 21,646,828 886,931 846,789 998,509 1,074,875 995,489 970,684 1,064,964 788,780 1,060,481 1,302,197 1,941,683 2,160,030 3,250,139 4,276,026 7,079,580 9,147,163 10,498,225 9,808,299 14,628,675 21,546,409 14,106,521 18,517,901 23,515,424 31,886,079 38,635,759 42,544,992 50,782,022 30,300,407 41,082,455 55,570,205 135,378,510 134,651,174 151,001,368 164,973,505 189,073,120 203,999,706 212,721,251 172,404,417 222,307,255 247,060,750 317,665 101,716 116,827 538,408 738,692 371,813 561,108 1,386,615 1,562,999 2,438,138

2002

Mexico ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

Change % 02‐11 1 0 5 7 ‐14 0

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11 9.0 11.6 4.4 30.7 16.5 6.9 25.4

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Mexico ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

85 87 27 84 90 71 39 94 7 73

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Electrical machinery Vehicles Mineral fuels and oils Machinery and appliances Precision instruments Precious metals and stones Plastics & articles thereof Furniture Edible vegetables and roots Articles of iron or steel Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 292,551,285 100.0 67,688,787 23.1 49,445,921 16.9 42,317,713 14.5 39,679,756 13.6 9,885,686 3.4 9,578,367 3.3 5,654,258 1.9 5,185,998 1.8 4,389,471 1.5 3,815,766 1.3 237,641,724 81.2

Source: INTradeBID.

261

262

Source: INTradeBID.

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

2003 100 14 6 14 38 27 0

2004 100 16 6 14 37 27 0

2005 100 17 7 13 36 25 1

2006 100 18 8 11 37 25 1

2007 100 18 8 10 36 26 1

2008 100 20 8 10 35 26 2

2009 100 16 8 10 35 28 3

2010 100 17 8 9 37 26 3

2011 100 19 9 9 38 22 3

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 160,680,678 165,408,509 189,198,615 214,231,132 249,995,458 272,050,966 292,638,248 229,618,134 298,471,194 349,564,527 18,660,822 23,490,448 29,471,765 37,217,276 45,206,326 50,083,526 57,495,118 37,178,797 50,007,589 67,587,921 9,346,997 10,150,273 12,244,887 15,311,501 19,061,298 21,259,537 24,591,213 19,043,873 24,453,292 31,229,188 24,931,505 23,845,804 26,403,412 27,949,815 28,188,235 28,481,270 28,809,393 23,562,648 27,082,951 29,936,688 62,826,810 62,519,691 69,893,706 78,009,472 91,276,225 97,518,472 101,751,358 79,297,203 111,193,487 131,354,689 44,141,123 44,699,310 50,379,500 53,824,435 63,648,936 71,607,927 75,473,797 64,477,340 77,578,768 78,365,270 773,421 702,983 805,345 1,918,633 2,614,438 3,100,234 4,517,369 6,058,273 8,155,107 11,090,771

Mexico ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Mexico ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Mexico ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code 76

RCA

Code

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

Description

3.43

Description Non‐ferrous metals

IIT 0.99

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

2.45

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.99

Vegetables and fruit

2.14

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.98

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

1.90

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.97

Beverages

1.90

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.93

1.71

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.93

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Power‐generating machinery and equipment

1.66

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.92

Live animals other than animals of division 03

1.52

0.89

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

1.49

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

1.48

l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

1.47

Other transport equipment

0.83

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

1.40

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.81

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

1.33

Footwear

0.76

1.17

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.75

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.75

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.75

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.96

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.74

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.91

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.74

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.80

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.74

0.77

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.73

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Non‐ferrous metals

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.72

Iron and steel

1.14 1.11

0.75

0.87 0.86

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.69

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.68

Inorganic chemicals

0.71

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.68

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.71

0.72

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.60

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.69

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.58

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.68

Iron and steel

0.55

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.65

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.54

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.62

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.50

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.61

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.46

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.46

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.55 0.54

0.58

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.46

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

Inorganic chemicals

0.46

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.53

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.45

Plastics in primary forms

0.52

Plastics in primary forms

0.44

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.52

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.43

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.52

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.43

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.49

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.41

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.47 0.44

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.38

Plastics in non‐primary forms

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.37

Meat and meat preparations

0.44

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.35

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.43

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.35

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Meat and meat preparations

0.31

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.43

0.31

Organic chemicals

0.40

0.42

Organic chemicals

0.30

Beverages

0.39

Electric current

0.30

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.37

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.30

Vegetables and fruit

0.35

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.27

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.30

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.20

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.30

Footwear

0.20

Cork and wood

0.30

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.18

Other transport equipment

0.18

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Electric current

0.26

Metalworking machinery

0.17

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.25

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.15

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.24

Animal oils and fats

0.13

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.22

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.12

Metalworking machinery

0.19

0.09

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.17

0.27

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.09

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.15

Cork and wood

0.08

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.14

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.07

Pulp and waste paper

0.13

Pulp and waste paper

0.07

Animal oils and fats

0.12 0.06

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.06

Coal, coke and briquettes

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.03

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.05

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.03

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.03

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

263

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Mexico ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

Source: INTradeBID.

264

2002 1.06 0.77 0.98 1.05 ... 0.84 0.88 1.07 0.84 0.87 ... 1.18 0.98 0.99 ... ... 0.97 ... — 1.11 1.03 0.95 0.93 ... 1.07 0.87 0.97 1.23 1.23 1.02 0.94 0.76 0.82 0.83

2003 1.04 0.87 ... 1.07 1.08 0.82 0.88 1.07 0.86 0.87 ... 1.09 0.95 0.90 1.01 ... 0.91 1.02 — 1.08 0.98 0.80 0.95 ... 1.17 0.91 0.93 1.22 1.24 1.04 0.98 0.80 0.88 0.89

2004 1.02 0.97 0.97 1.11 1.11 0.87 0.90 1.10 0.87 0.84 ... 1.04 0.96 0.90 0.95 ... 1.02 0.89 — 1.10 0.93 1.00 0.97 ... 1.04 0.99 1.00 1.20 1.24 1.05 0.97 0.79 0.88 0.87

2005 1.05 1.01 0.97 0.98 0.90 0.87 0.92 1.12 0.96 0.84 ... 1.03 0.96 0.90 0.79 ... 0.91 0.84 — 1.09 0.93 0.99 1.01 ... 1.22 1.05 1.16 1.19 1.24 1.04 0.95 0.77 0.90 0.87

2006 1.05 1.05 ... 0.98 0.93 0.91 0.91 1.15 1.03 0.85 ... 1.01 0.97 0.93 0.83 ... 0.94 0.96 — 1.07 0.96 1.16 1.07 ... 1.24 1.06 1.25 1.23 1.26 1.05 0.94 0.76 0.90 0.84

2007 1.05 1.05 ... 1.13 0.93 0.95 0.91 1.11 1.06 0.92 1.01 0.96 0.97 0.88 0.89 ... 0.94 0.89 — 1.05 0.92 1.15 1.09 ... 1.19 1.01 1.32 1.29 1.26 1.07 0.94 0.75 0.89 0.84

2008 1.04 1.05 ... 0.96 0.95 0.95 0.93 1.07 1.05 0.90 1.02 1.03 0.91 0.87 0.77 ... 0.93 0.87 — 1.02 0.98 1.18 1.09 ... 1.18 1.02 1.06 1.28 1.24 1.06 0.92 0.78 0.86 0.86

2009 1.09 1.11 ... 0.98 0.92 1.08 0.97 1.17 1.05 0.94 0.91 1.04 0.96 0.93 0.96 ... 0.98 0.95 — 1.01 1.06 1.26 1.18 ... 1.22 1.15 0.97 1.33 1.28 1.07 0.93 0.76 0.84 0.88

2010 ... 1.20 ... 1.07 0.86 1.05 0.98 1.28 1.15 0.94 ... 1.09 0.91 0.96 0.88 ... 0.95 0.94 — 1.06 1.03 1.34 1.25 ... 1.21 1.21 ... 1.31 1.37 1.05 0.97 0.76 ... 0.87

186

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precision Instruments

Base Metals

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Stone/Glassware

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Wood/Wood Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Plastics/Rubber

Animal Hides/Skins

124

Chemical/Industrial Products

243

453

402

2,480

1,272

311

104

1,255

318

566

2,859

211

341

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Mineral Products

Animal/Vegetable Fats

468

333

Total Tariff Lines

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

Mexico ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012

243

453

402

2,480

1,272

311

104

1,255

316

186

123

565

2,845

211

295

459

326

9.88

11.21

2.81

7.84

3.07

2.74

4.23

5.85

17.26

12.38

2.84

7.26

4.8

4.28

1.6

0.29

23.34

16.42

14.58

32.94

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

210

254

245

254

Maximum Tariff

129

184

102

120

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

319

194

1,849

953

159

182

343

2,251

204

100

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

6.35

5.31

4.87

11.41

5.68

5.33

6.45

6.76

10.14

7.24

4.06

6.43

8.5

5.8

3.5

1.7

29.01

41.99

20.96

57.85

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Annex: Country Tables

265

266

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

2002 41 3 36 11 0 1 0 0 7

558,557 229,794 19,407 202,308 62,927 208 4,416 1 19 39,477

2002

Nicaragua ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 44 4 34 10 0 1 0 0 8

605,050 264,150 21,347 205,673 60,947 95 4,175 1,787 90 46,786

2003

2004 42 5 33 11 0 1 0 0 7

727,385 304,893 34,908 243,360 83,341 2,615 7,491 867 950 48,960

2004

2005 44 4 31 12 1 1 0 1 6

826,076 361,764 32,336 252,785 99,327 8,225 10,358 915 7,004 53,362

2005

2006 43 4 32 12 0 1 0 0 8

1,017,210 432,759 45,173 325,439 122,130 1,663 9,114 65 383 80,484

2006

2007 45 6 27 12 1 1 0 0 8

1,194,329 534,563 69,448 328,295 142,280 6,210 12,803 309 408 100,013

2007

2008 43 5 29 12 0 1 0 0 8

1,487,062 646,671 74,964 436,612 184,252 4,622 19,091 518 2,008 118,324

2008

2009 48 3 30 11 0 1 0 0 8

1,392,810 665,233 42,293 411,011 155,121 3,747 9,061 793 527 105,024

2009

2010 42 9 31 9 0 1 0 0 8

1,847,585 771,499 157,388 566,300 170,613 8,238 15,507 5,986 654 151,400

2010

2011 40 12 28 9 1 1 1 0 8

2,280,656 901,659 273,363 648,737 210,841 16,348 23,330 29,313 3,985 173,080

2011

Change % 02‐11 ‐2 9 ‐8 ‐2 1 0 1 0 1

16.9 16.4 34.2 13.8 14.4 62.4 20.3 213.6 81.1 17.8

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

2002 77 3 7 0 10 3

558,557 432,010 14,776 38,124 1,854 56,459 15,334

2002

Nicaragua ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 79 2 6 1 12 0

605,050 475,679 12,275 38,939 6,305 69,886 1,966

2003

2004 80 2 7 1 10 0

727,385 578,891 12,270 52,133 7,992 75,290 809

2004

2005 80 2 6 2 10 0

826,076 659,080 17,476 52,544 12,432 84,042 502

2005

2006 82 1 7 1 9 0

1,017,210 830,239 12,541 73,930 13,352 86,687 461

2006

2007 81 1 8 1 10 0

1,194,329 961,977 13,914 90,680 10,105 117,074 579

2007

2008 80 1 8 1 10 0

1,487,062 1,193,912 12,714 113,271 15,786 150,668 711

2008

2009 81 1 8 1 9 0

1,392,810 1,133,227 11,452 110,012 11,367 125,956 796

2009

2010 78 1 14 1 6 0

1,847,585 1,433,848 19,980 254,633 22,712 115,572 840

2010

2011 75 1 18 1 5 0

2,280,656 1,717,453 30,834 403,639 15,538 112,435 757

2011

Change % 02‐11 ‐2 ‐1 11 0 ‐5 ‐3

16.9 16.6 8.5 30.0 26.6 8.0 ‐28.4

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Annex: Country Tables

267

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Nicaragua ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

9 2 71 17 4 3 12 7 22 15

Source: INTradeBID.

268

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Coffee, tea, mate and spices Meat and edible meat offal Precious metals and stones Sugars and sugar confectionary Dairy produce, eggs and honey Fish and crustaceans Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits Edible vegetables and roots Beverages, spirits and vinegar Animal or veg. fats & oils Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 1,840,350 100.0 338,082 18.4 331,047 18.0 232,390 12.6 134,217 7.3 133,227 7.2 129,739 7.0 83,310 4.5 65,881 3.6 42,936 2.3 33,648 1.8 1,524,477 82.8

2002 100 65 18 3 5 1 9

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 558,557 365,372 99,721 14,524 25,231 2,825 50,884

US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2003 100 64 21 3 5 1 6

2003 605,050 387,837 125,352 19,868 29,371 4,844 37,778 2004 100 65 20 3 4 1 6

2004 727,385 475,606 142,716 22,907 31,785 7,128 47,243

Nicaragua ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 63 23 3 5 1 6

2005 826,076 520,580 188,751 22,773 41,130 7,186 45,656 2006 100 67 20 3 3 1 6

2006 1,017,210 680,303 202,912 32,186 33,568 7,953 60,288 2007 100 64 22 3 5 1 6

2007 1,194,329 766,321 260,295 34,374 56,470 9,374 67,495 2008 100 66 19 3 5 1 6

2008 1,487,062 986,266 277,217 40,228 75,944 12,229 95,178 2009 100 64 21 2 5 1 7

2009 1,392,810 894,154 285,709 27,520 75,817 11,921 97,689

2010 100 62 21 2 2 0 14

2010 1,847,585 1,136,801 380,221 29,792 39,028 8,281 253,462

2011 100 60 20 2 2 0 17

2011 2,280,656 1,362,488 451,914 38,251 39,121 9,962 378,920

Annex: Country Tables

269

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Nicaragua ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Nicaragua ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

RCA

Code

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

Description

37.06

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.98

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

27.70

Non‐ferrous metals

0.93

Meat and meat preparations

23.03

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.83

Dairy products and birds' eggs

15.94

Vegetables and fruit

0.82

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

11.58

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.79

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

10.91

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.67

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

10.24

Beverages

0.65

Live animals other than animals of division 03

9.77

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.61

Vegetables and fruit

4.52

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

4.23

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.43

IIT

0.46

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

3.84

Plastics in primary forms

0.40

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

3.58

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.38

Beverages

2.64

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.32

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

2.53

Cork and wood

0.31

Cereals and cereal preparations

1.98

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.30

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

1.39

Other transport equipment

0.30

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

1.20

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.28

Cork and wood

1.07

Organic chemicals

0.27

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

1.03

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.27

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.91

Inorganic chemicals

0.25

Animal oils and fats

0.82

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.24

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.68

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.17

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.60

0.49

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.14

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Pulp and waste paper

0.48

Footwear

0.13

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.45

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.13

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.33

Animal oils and fats

0.12

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.25

Meat and meat preparations

0.11

0.15

Footwear

0.21

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.10

Inorganic chemicals

0.19

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.08 0.08

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.18

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

Plastics in primary forms

0.18

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.07

Iron and steel

0.15

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.07

Non‐ferrous metals

0.14

Metalworking machinery

0.07

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.11

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.06

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.10

Iron and steel

0.06

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.10

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.05

Organic chemicals

0.09

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.05

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.09

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.05

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.08

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.07

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.05

69 43

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed

0.07

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.04

0.07

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.04

0.05

f i hi Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.06

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.04

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.05

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.03

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.04

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.03

0.04

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.03

71 74

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.03

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.03

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.03

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.03

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.02

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.02

76 78

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.02

l i l Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.02

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.02

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.01

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.02

f l

i lh

h ld

)

0.02 0.02

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.01

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.02

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.01

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.02

0.01

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.02

0.01

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.01

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.01

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.01

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.00

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.01

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.00

Pulp and waste paper

0.01

Other transport equipment

0.00

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.01

Metalworking machinery

0.00

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

270

Description

Source: INTradeBID.

Annex: Country Tables

Nicaragua ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

2002 0.81 0.75 2.26 1.74 ... 1.88 0.46 1.25 0.70 0.69 ... 0.62 1.71 0.75 ... ... 0.84 ... 0.86 — 0.56 0.95 0.67 ... 0.81 1.03 0.70 0.94 0.93 1.11 2.00 0.54 1.16 0.69

2003 0.81 0.74 ... 1.69 1.24 1.90 0.48 1.30 0.43 0.66 ... 0.65 1.88 0.88 1.35 ... 1.03 1.22 0.83 — 0.81 0.98 0.66 ... 0.93 1.04 0.99 0.92 0.90 1.15 1.78 0.59 1.14 0.68

2004 0.84 0.72 2.36 1.96 1.96 1.63 0.38 1.42 0.69 0.75 ... 0.65 1.93 0.83 1.35 ... 0.97 1.18 0.84 — 0.69 0.90 0.77 ... 0.93 0.96 1.39 0.91 0.85 1.18 1.59 0.67 0.95 0.72

2005 0.84 0.65 1.98 1.65 1.13 1.55 0.41 1.38 0.74 0.73 ... 0.73 2.01 0.93 1.19 ... 1.08 1.40 0.84 — 0.67 0.95 0.95 ... 1.02 1.14 1.06 0.88 0.90 1.19 1.49 0.74 0.80 0.75

2006 0.77 0.60 ... 1.67 1.36 1.51 0.33 1.16 0.66 0.60 ... 0.59 2.28 1.00 1.30 ... 1.22 1.41 0.81 — 0.68 0.63 0.82 ... 0.83 0.93 1.02 0.88 0.98 1.22 1.38 0.56 0.76 0.70

2007 0.86 0.79 ... 2.47 1.51 1.37 0.37 1.24 0.61 0.73 0.94 0.59 2.20 0.99 1.61 ... 1.17 1.45 0.94 — 0.64 0.63 0.78 ... 0.97 1.06 1.63 0.85 1.03 1.23 1.30 0.67 0.81 0.78

2008 0.88 0.93 ... 2.01 1.34 1.12 0.38 1.07 0.58 0.67 0.89 0.59 2.14 0.93 1.27 ... 0.89 1.17 0.89 — 0.65 0.54 0.64 ... 0.95 0.70 2.73 0.83 1.06 1.23 1.16 0.82 0.72 0.76

2009 0.86 0.59 ... 1.96 1.35 0.97 0.40 1.37 0.71 0.67 0.88 0.59 2.33 1.00 1.40 ... 1.03 1.70 0.80 — 0.63 0.57 0.60 ... 0.97 0.71 2.62 0.85 1.08 1.24 1.22 0.66 0.72 0.70

2010 ... 0.38 ... 2.36 1.15 0.74 0.34 1.57 0.66 0.68 ... 0.52 1.86 0.89 1.15 ... 0.76 1.34 0.72 — 0.60 0.47 0.67 ... 1.06 0.74 ... 0.84 1.17 1.13 1.08 0.49 ... 0.80

Source: INTradeBID.

271

272

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Precision Instruments

Arms/Munitions

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Base Metals

Stone/Glassware

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Animal Hides/Skins

Wood/Wood Articles

Plastics/Rubber

Chemical/Industrial Products

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Mineral Products

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

169

234

978

699

175

918

292

139

108

336

1,113

187

293

418

448

Total Tariff Lines

Nicaragua ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012

169

234

978

699

175

917

292

139

108

336

1,113

187

293

418

448

10.36

12.62

3.85

5.04

2.09

3.08

6.94

6.31

12.81

9.57

5.02

7.95

8.33

4.4

1.73

2.7

13.11

8.33

10.53

14.28

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

453

164

Maximum Tariff

325

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

150

802

471

116

150

149

911

118

146

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

5.94

4.36

5.73

4.25

4.78

4.99

5.61

6.65

4.26

5.1

5.51

5.1

5.47

4.76

4.05

3.99

9.91

5.7

24.38

17.03

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

2002 24 1 46 17 0 1 0 0 10

755,694 184,000 5,321 348,269 130,209 2,006 10,109 50 264 75,466

2002

Panama ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 17 0 50 21 2 1 0 0 9

798,713 138,886 3,767 402,609 166,893 12,216 6,039 51 118 68,134

2003

2004 17 0 49 22 1 0 0 0 10

891,088 150,919 2,318 433,000 194,456 10,818 2,512 1,978 2,597 92,490

2004

2005 19 0 44 26 1 0 0 0 10

963,173 181,914 1,966 419,314 246,526 10,201 3,414 2,256 1,808 95,774

2005

2006 19 0 39 29 1 0 0 0 11

1,021,800 190,177 3,348 393,515 301,174 13,447 4,014 1,841 1,033 113,251

2006

2007 16 0 35 30 6 0 0 0 12

1,120,431 178,401 2,709 391,160 337,632 62,900 3,859 1,840 1,953 139,977

2007

2008 16 0 38 30 4 0 0 1 10

1,144,691 180,246 3,424 435,109 349,050 49,113 4,537 4,721 6,543 111,948

2008

2009 19 1 43 24 2 1 0 1 9

820,979 158,734 9,583 349,746 194,160 20,298 4,613 3,776 6,108 73,961

2009

2010 20 10 29 21 5 0 1 1 11

725,151 147,111 75,875 211,485 154,469 36,085 3,453 5,034 8,640 82,999

2010

2011 19 15 21 21 5 1 2 2 14

785,241 150,414 121,050 163,333 162,094 38,812 3,944 18,612 16,653 110,329

2011

Change % 02‐11 ‐5 15 ‐25 3 5 ‐1 2 2 4

0.4 ‐2.2 41.5 ‐8.1 2.5 39.0 ‐9.9 93.0 58.5 4.3

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Annex: Country Tables

273

274

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

2002 79 1 2 6 12 0

755,694 596,662 8,359 13,250 46,679 90,744 0

2002

Panama ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 85 1 2 0 11 1

798,713 678,775 7,111 18,155 3,925 86,418 4,329

2003

2004 84 1 5 1 10 0

891,088 746,728 10,665 40,526 4,831 88,338 0

2004

2005 85 1 4 1 9 0

963,173 819,284 7,260 42,827 7,060 86,742 0

2005

2006 83 1 5 1 10 0

1,021,800 852,450 9,858 50,199 7,696 101,597 0

2006

2007 78 1 5 1 10 5

1,120,431 871,285 11,838 55,852 7,460 116,530 57,466

2007

2008 83 1 7 1 9 0

1,144,691 947,919 11,471 78,164 7,218 99,842 77

2008

2009 80 1 9 1 9 0

820,979 659,976 7,363 72,172 7,031 74,382 55

2009

2010 65 2 20 0 13 0

725,151 469,125 15,635 145,618 2,003 92,766 4

2010

2011 56 4 28 0 13 0

785,241 436,110 28,396 221,250 772 98,713 0

2011

Change % 02‐11 ‐23 3 26 ‐6 1 0

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11 0.4 ‐3.4 14.6 36.7 ‐36.6 0.9 …

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Panama ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3 8 71 72 17 22 2 76 48 74

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Fish and crustaceans Edible fruits and nuts Precious metals and stones Iron and steel Sugars and sugar confectionary Beverages, spirits and vinegar Meat and edible meat offal Aluminium & articles thereof Paper and articles of paper Copper & articles thereof Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 777,124 100.0 221,022 28.4 156,511 20.1 78,523 10.1 38,204 4.9 23,573 3.0 22,864 2.9 21,388 2.8 20,143 2.6 19,440 2.5 17,597 2.3 619,266 79.7

Source: INTradeBID.

275

276

2002 100 70 20 8 1 2 0

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 755,694 526,750 148,419 56,825 5,686 15,383 2,631

US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2003 100 76 14 6 1 2 1

2003 798,713 609,864 108,267 51,018 6,687 15,466 7,411 2004 100 77 14 6 1 2 1

2004 891,088 688,526 122,888 52,049 6,558 14,916 6,151

Panama ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 81 11 5 1 2 1

2005 963,173 778,996 105,389 50,806 7,226 15,916 4,840 2006 100 80 10 6 1 2 1

2006 1,021,800 821,018 99,777 64,707 8,113 16,118 12,067 2007 100 76 8 7 1 1 6

2007 1,120,431 852,892 90,558 73,997 15,922 15,786 71,276 2008 100 83 8 5 1 2 2

2008 1,144,691 946,789 86,043 59,851 11,156 18,856 21,996 2009 100 78 9 5 1 2 4

2009 820,979 643,126 77,118 40,368 7,302 18,182 34,883

2010 100 65 13 6 2 3 10

2010 725,151 473,771 97,099 46,549 13,053 21,804 72,875

2011 100 55 19 8 1 2 16

2011 785,241 429,042 147,192 59,252 11,761 15,971 122,023

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Panama ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Panama ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

Description

RCA

Code

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

38.15

Description

IIT

Vegetables and fruit

0.98

Vegetables and fruit

18.30

Animal oils and fats

0.78

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

9.61

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.77

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

8.73

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.68

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

6.20

Pulp and waste paper

0.58

Dairy products and birds' eggs

5.14

Meat and meat preparations

0.56

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

4.84

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.56

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

4.81

Cork and wood

0.51

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

4.72

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.41

Beverages

4.58

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.41

Cork and wood

4.31

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.35

Meat and meat preparations

4.14

Beverages

0.34

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

2.66

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.33

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

1.57

Organic chemicals

0.28

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

1.48

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.25

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

1.37

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.22

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

1.01

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.20

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.98

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.16

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.71

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.13

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.68

Non‐ferrous metals

0.12

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.67

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.11

Pulp and waste paper

0.63

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.09

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.60

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.09

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.48

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.08

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.44

Inorganic chemicals

0.06

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.41

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.06

Inorganic chemicals

0.35

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.06

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.32

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.03

Organic chemicals

0.31

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.03

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Non‐ferrous metals

0.24

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.02

0.22

0.02 0.02 0.02

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.21

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Plastics in non‐primary forms

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.19

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.18

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.02

0.13

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.02

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.13

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.01

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.10

Plastics in primary forms

0.01

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.09

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.01

Animal oils and fats

0.07

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.01

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.07

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.01

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.06

Iron and steel

0.01

Plastics in primary forms

0.06

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.00

Iron and steel

0.02

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.00

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.02

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.00

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.01

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.00

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.01

Footwear

0.00

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.00

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.00

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.00

Other transport equipment

0.00

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Footwear

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

88 91

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

277

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Panama ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

Source: INTradeBID.

278

2002 0.61 0.57 1.79 1.80 ... 0.60 0.68 0.58 0.74 0.87 ... 0.89 1.36 0.81 ... ... 1.17 ... 0.49 0.83 — 0.49 0.76 ... 0.57 1.23 0.73 0.88 0.88 1.19 2.72 0.65 1.16 0.75

2003 0.57 0.51 ... 1.85 0.90 0.46 0.62 0.50 0.60 0.73 ... 1.01 1.21 0.68 0.76 ... 0.87 1.87 0.47 0.66 — 0.37 0.64 ... 0.63 1.13 0.67 0.89 0.94 1.27 2.78 0.64 1.17 0.74

2004 0.59 0.38 1.51 1.83 1.83 0.45 0.63 0.49 0.69 0.77 ... 0.76 1.30 0.68 0.84 ... 0.78 1.63 0.50 0.59 — 0.32 0.66 ... 0.56 0.89 0.72 0.85 0.95 1.28 2.75 0.70 1.18 0.75

2005 0.58 0.33 1.45 1.50 0.64 0.46 0.65 0.44 0.63 0.74 ... 0.56 1.74 0.59 0.69 ... 0.78 1.59 0.49 0.54 — 0.31 0.77 ... 0.73 0.81 0.66 0.85 0.97 1.32 2.38 0.71 1.02 0.73

2006 0.64 0.37 ... 1.52 0.76 0.52 0.70 0.52 0.68 0.74 ... 0.63 1.54 0.78 0.66 ... 1.07 1.48 0.60 0.66 — 0.27 0.60 ... 0.64 0.92 0.73 0.86 1.10 1.38 1.90 0.64 0.96 0.71

2007 0.64 0.39 ... 1.81 0.72 0.49 0.62 0.50 0.68 0.82 0.83 0.91 1.59 0.82 1.15 ... 1.01 1.09 0.62 0.70 — 0.32 0.52 ... 0.64 1.07 0.83 0.93 1.25 1.38 1.72 0.64 0.97 0.74

2008 0.66 0.35 ... 1.54 0.69 0.45 0.57 0.45 0.72 0.88 0.97 1.88 1.23 0.71 0.71 ... 0.84 1.00 0.60 0.62 — 0.27 0.53 ... 0.57 0.90 1.31 0.88 1.22 1.38 1.80 0.62 0.92 0.85

2009 0.67 0.38 ... 1.57 0.65 0.46 0.68 0.50 0.66 0.86 0.98 2.03 1.97 0.67 0.65 ... 0.90 1.30 0.50 0.62 — 0.30 0.68 ... 0.58 1.06 1.14 0.92 1.11 1.27 2.04 0.71 0.98 0.88

2010 ... 0.38 ... 1.89 0.84 0.49 0.56 0.57 0.63 0.79 ... 1.19 1.29 0.71 0.77 ... 0.97 1.25 0.51 0.71 — 0.37 0.72 ... 0.73 0.93 ... 0.86 1.22 1.18 1.42 0.74 ... 0.81

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precision Instruments

Base Metals

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Stone/Glassware

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Animal Hides/Skins

Wood/Wood Articles

Plastics/Rubber

Chemical/Industrial Products

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Mineral Products

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

293

280

328

1,031

897

288

152

1,205

376

171

115

452

1,244

195

589

447

507

Total Tariff Lines

Panama ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012

293

280

328

1,031

897

288

152

1,205

376

171

115

452

1,244

195

589

447

507

11.21

14.58

9.49

5.88

5.76

7.4

7.2

9.32

10.26

7.08

8.05

7.79

12.03

3.79

2.48

7.04

12.39

8.31

10.55

21.98

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

144

260

Maximum Tariff

139

122

234

204

137

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

169

134

321

442

134

259

810

143

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

4.19

1.41

5.06

6.69

4.63

6.15

5.76

4.85

4.3

5.74

6.49

5.88

3.74

5.2

3.82

9.6

12.79

6.49

12.37

33.79

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Annex: Country Tables

279

280

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

2002 69 0 4 9 1 1 0 1 16

950,577 656,474 3,658 37,372 81,147 7,683 8,133 134 6,894 149,082

2002

Paraguay ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 65 0 4 7 1 0 0 1 22

1,241,428 802,589 4,555 44,093 82,767 16,673 5,395 122 10,509 274,725

2003

2004 59 0 3 6 3 1 0 2 25

1,626,452 966,193 5,868 52,192 97,967 44,461 18,139 4,353 26,142 411,137

2004

2005 58 0 3 10 4 1 0 1 23

1,810,663 1,046,590 4,218 51,544 179,630 69,635 18,478 3,398 15,284 421,886

2005

2006 59 0 3 6 1 1 0 1 28

1,906,283 1,130,666 5,135 62,367 111,405 19,622 24,701 786 15,464 536,137

2006

2007 63 0 2 8 2 1 1 2 21

2,744,987 1,731,981 3,824 60,772 222,112 50,723 30,225 21,707 49,736 573,907

2007

2008 69 0 2 7 2 2 1 1 16

4,389,893 3,024,047 3,688 71,369 316,007 93,126 86,923 42,881 63,502 688,350

2008

2009 70 0 2 6 1 1 0 2 18

3,191,261 2,228,073 5,006 51,718 180,708 33,647 45,059 3,907 78,605 564,538

2009

2010 68 0 1 10 1 1 0 2 17

4,533,734 3,077,250 4,928 63,728 467,089 34,070 38,956 2,377 69,691 775,645

2010

2011 66 0 3 9 1 1 0 2 19

5,517,287 3,627,072 2,502 146,468 480,927 29,579 52,184 11,705 104,894 1,061,956

2011

Change % 02‐11 ‐3 0 ‐1 0 0 0 0 1 4

21.6 20.9 ‐4.1 16.4 21.9 16.2 22.9 64.3 35.3 24.4

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

2002 75 9 1 0 9 7

950,577 711,782 82,609 5,299 171 85,272 65,444

2002

Paraguay ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 77 9 0 0 9 5

1,241,428 950,388 105,658 4,979 483 116,365 63,555

2003

2004 75 12 1 0 13 0

1,626,452 1,214,260 191,755 13,150 475 206,812 0

2004

2005 73 9 1 0 17 0

1,810,663 1,323,134 154,799 22,668 34 310,028 0

2005

2006 76 7 1 0 16 0

1,906,283 1,445,179 137,002 20,679 0 303,423 0

2006

2007 83 5 1 0 11 0

2,744,987 2,279,234 141,326 22,673 25 299,485 2,244

2007

2008 88 3 1 0 8 0

4,389,893 3,872,883 139,307 30,443 0 347,260 0

2008

2009 85 4 1 0 11 0

3,191,261 2,704,263 124,100 19,764 267 342,867 0

2009

2010 85 3 1 0 11 0

4,533,734 3,876,303 134,725 37,954 1,222 483,508 22

2010

2011 85 2 2 0 11 0

5,517,287 4,698,316 129,335 84,861 13,244 591,375 156

2011

Change % 02‐11 10 ‐6 1 0 2 ‐7

21.6 23.3 5.1 36.1 62.1 24.0 ‐48.9

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Annex: Country Tables

281

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Paraguay ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

12 2 10 23 15 44 41 39 17 24

Source: INTradeBID.

282

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits Meat and edible meat offal Cereals Residues from food industries Animal or veg. fats & oils Wood & articles of wood Raw hides and leather Plastics & articles thereof Sugars and sugar confectionary Tobacco Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 4,414,094 100.0 1,658,719 37.6 751,269 17.0 541,570 12.3 376,257 8.5 299,037 6.8 97,747 2.2 78,201 1.8 75,503 1.7 54,518 1.2 47,658 1.1 3,980,479 90.2

2002 100 69 18 4 1 1 7

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 950,577 655,199 170,210 35,789 13,633 8,810 66,936

US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2003 100 72 16 4 2 1 5

2003 1,241,428 896,321 195,954 51,631 20,141 12,835 64,546 2004 100 73 16 8 2 1 0

2004 1,626,452 1,190,670 265,443 123,665 33,516 11,705 1,453

Paraguay ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 72 13 12 2 1 0

2005 1,810,663 1,301,705 235,923 217,265 37,268 17,049 1,453 2006 100 72 14 10 3 2 0

2006 1,906,283 1,368,249 275,794 184,287 47,910 29,146 897 2007 100 75 16 5 2 1 0

2007 2,744,987 2,059,286 442,906 149,825 61,116 28,603 3,251 2008 100 75 18 4 2 1 0

2008 4,389,893 3,296,189 803,720 175,795 77,018 36,798 373 2009 100 77 14 6 2 1 0

2009 3,191,261 2,457,875 437,684 188,056 71,388 34,323 1,935

2010 100 80 11 6 2 1 0

2010 4,533,734 3,614,128 519,056 276,684 72,231 49,571 2,064

2011 100 78 13 6 2 1 0

2011 5,517,287 4,324,312 690,675 344,388 90,871 59,153 7,888

Annex: Country Tables

283

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Paraguay ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Paraguay ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

Description

Code 63

Description

IIT

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

Meat and meat preparations

27.28

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

19.66

Cereals and cereal preparations

14.39

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.59

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

14.04

0.56

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

11.51

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

Animal oils and fats

5.79

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.51

Cork and wood

5.12

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

4.53

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.47

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.98

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.80

Non‐ferrous metals

0.66

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Vegetables and fruit

0.40

0.52 0.51

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

2.70

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

2.37

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

2.09

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.37

1.17

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.36 0.28

0.42

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.77

Gas, natural and manufactured

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.64

Pulp and waste paper

0.26

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.63

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.26

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.60

Footwear

0.26

Footwear

0.60

Plastics in primary forms

0.24

0.52

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.23

0.45

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.22 0.22

55 89

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.38

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.33

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.21

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.30

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.19

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.28

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.19

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.27

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.18

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Plastics in primary forms

0.27

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.18

0.21

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.15

Vegetables and fruit

0.20

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.14

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.20

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.13

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.15

Animal oils and fats

0.13

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.15

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.10

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.14

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.09

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.09

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.07

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.09

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.07

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.07

Organic chemicals

0.07

Iron and steel

0.05

Inorganic chemicals

0.06

Inorganic chemicals

0.04

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.05

Pulp and waste paper

0.04

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.05

Beverages

0.03

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.05

Organic chemicals

0.03

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.03

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.03

97 0

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.02

Meat and meat preparations

0.03

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.02

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.02

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.02

Metalworking machinery

0.02 0.02

0.03

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.02

Iron and steel

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.02

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.02

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.02

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.02

Other transport equipment

0.02

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.01

Non‐ferrous metals

0.02

Cork and wood

0.01

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.02

Beverages

0.01

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.02

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.01

Metalworking machinery

0.01

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.01

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.01

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.01

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.01

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.01

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.01

0.00

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.00

88 23

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.00

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.00

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.00

Other transport equipment

0.00

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.00

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.00

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.00

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.00

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

91 93

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

284

RCA 98.06

Source: INTradeBID.

Annex: Country Tables

Paraguay ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

2002 1.87 1.30 1.17 1.81 ... 5.81 1.20 1.64 3.42 1.97 ... 1.36 2.22 1.60 ... ... 1.41 ... 1.98 1.21 1.28 — 2.70 ... 1.60 1.36 1.72 0.38 0.69 1.07 1.89 1.98 1.23 1.13

2003 1.93 1.34 ... 1.95 1.59 5.80 1.48 1.67 1.49 2.01 ... 1.44 2.05 1.68 1.04 ... 1.48 1.39 2.14 1.02 1.60 — 2.93 ... 1.53 1.64 2.38 0.30 0.64 0.98 1.92 2.74 1.23 1.08

2004 1.93 1.48 1.24 2.09 2.09 4.28 0.85 1.80 3.01 2.30 ... 1.47 2.22 1.60 0.88 ... 1.40 1.21 2.19 0.93 1.30 — 2.55 ... 1.38 1.52 2.04 0.40 0.58 1.00 1.85 3.03 1.16 1.13

2005 1.67 1.17 1.27 1.69 1.25 3.03 0.80 1.84 2.18 2.03 ... 1.11 2.26 1.42 0.97 ... 1.46 1.17 2.03 1.03 1.13 — 2.23 ... 1.21 1.68 1.27 0.43 0.51 0.99 1.63 2.83 1.06 0.97

2006 1.72 0.95 ... 1.96 1.18 2.83 0.64 2.37 2.86 1.95 ... 1.40 3.25 1.94 0.81 ... 1.98 1.63 2.01 1.18 1.45 — 2.63 ... 0.97 1.62 1.45 0.47 0.61 1.03 1.70 1.98 1.17 0.84

2007 1.85 2.39 ... 2.52 1.51 3.30 0.63 2.09 3.02 2.63 2.38 1.86 3.00 2.00 0.86 ... 1.65 1.42 2.03 1.81 1.62 — 2.85 ... 0.96 1.56 1.89 0.37 0.64 1.04 1.76 2.46 1.13 0.93

2008 1.76 2.97 ... 2.38 1.26 1.12 0.53 1.60 2.31 1.79 1.79 1.56 2.27 1.85 1.00 ... 1.30 1.14 2.03 1.64 1.26 — 2.26 ... 1.02 1.35 3.22 0.37 0.61 1.07 1.47 3.00 0.98 0.90

2009 1.64 0.96 ... 1.98 1.41 0.78 0.66 1.84 2.46 1.97 1.93 1.52 2.85 1.98 0.99 ... 2.13 1.90 1.75 1.66 1.44 — 2.49 ... 1.01 1.29 3.36 0.39 0.68 1.03 1.52 2.06 1.02 0.93

2010 ... 0.23 ... 2.43 1.12 0.57 0.55 1.90 2.00 1.87 ... 1.11 2.28 1.56 1.16 ... 1.49 1.49 1.68 1.39 1.17 — 1.87 ... 1.04 0.90 ... 0.37 0.57 0.89 1.39 2.42 ... 0.82

Source: INTradeBID.

285

286

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Precision Instruments

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Base Metals

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Stone/Glassware

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Plastics/Rubber

Chemical/Industrial Products

Animal Hides/Skins

Mineral Products

Wood/Wood Articles

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

163

460

222

1,735

743

217

982

229

193

115

417

2,969

212

273

353

351

Total Tariff Lines

Paraguay ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2009

163

460

222

1,735

743

217

982

229

193

115

417

2,969

212

273

353

351

16.71

10.66

5.04

11.53

9.58

10.39

19.59

16.85

10.49

8.07

10.92

10.69

6.35

2.33

14.65

9.6

7.92

9.04

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

Maximum Tariff

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

189

884

197

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

4.95

8.38

8.85

6.98

5.11

6.23

4.39

2.39

4.97

5.52

3.68

5.63

6.3

5.32

1.87

4.86

1.72

4.4

3.78

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

2002 17 2 26 25 8 5 2 1 14

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

Source: INTradeBID.

7,564,343 1,285,245 149,921 1,954,964 1,894,307 613,814 365,853 171,542 85,435 1,043,262

2002

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

Peru ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 18 2 26 26 7 4 2 1 14

8,548,274 1,536,363 133,678 2,254,033 2,205,884 629,577 347,900 164,306 89,251 1,187,282

2003

2004 20 3 29 23 10 5 2 1 9

12,082,702 2,385,047 310,772 3,467,441 2,739,674 1,237,209 551,669 201,742 103,289 1,085,859

2004

2005 21 6 30 16 11 4 1 1 11

17,824,270 3,722,725 1,051,815 5,308,504 2,798,377 2,006,907 677,539 240,489 120,210 1,897,704

2005

2006 21 6 22 18 10 5 2 1 14

22,736,654 4,671,710 1,473,073 5,100,491 4,051,550 2,258,041 1,226,138 543,821 187,052 3,224,778

2006

2007 21 6 18 16 11 8 3 1 16

27,140,470 5,704,383 1,674,016 4,889,544 4,431,832 2,969,445 2,123,704 935,328 154,605 4,257,613

2007

2008 21 6 19 16 12 6 2 1 18

31,287,352 6,468,024 1,949,847 5,794,505 5,106,733 3,734,986 1,860,026 552,016 202,966 5,618,249

2008

2009 16 9 17 14 15 5 3 1 20

26,737,402 4,189,897 2,310,860 4,541,664 3,820,613 4,077,955 1,376,447 749,587 214,447 5,455,932

2009

2010 17 9 16 16 15 5 3 1 17

35,203,957 5,905,300 3,329,026 5,779,264 5,712,450 5,433,996 1,790,511 895,915 341,716 6,015,779

2010

2011 17 9 13 17 15 5 4 1 19

45,999,980 7,991,354 4,232,111 5,902,858 7,628,206 6,963,602 2,174,788 1,696,171 531,505 8,879,385

2011

Change % 02‐11 0 7 ‐13 ‐8 7 0 1 0 6

22.2 22.5 44.9 13.1 16.7 31.0 21.9 29.0 22.5 26.9

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Annex: Country Tables

287

288 2002 23 2 51 6 17 0

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Source: INTradeBID.

7,564,343 1,756,817 177,054 3,883,717 473,844 1,272,898 13

2002

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

Peru ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 20 2 53 8 17 0

8,548,274 1,743,819 186,136 4,532,530 644,652 1,441,116 21

2003

2004 20 2 56 6 16 0

12,082,702 2,442,136 226,028 6,754,591 689,675 1,970,263 9

2004

2005 18 1 57 9 15 0

17,824,270 3,159,460 265,912 10,224,420 1,560,244 2,614,229 5

2005

2006 15 1 64 7 12 0

22,736,654 3,459,016 318,575 14,598,962 1,620,764 2,739,332 5

2006

2007 14 1 64 8 13 0

27,140,470 3,872,763 352,206 17,342,572 2,142,895 3,430,022 12

2007

2008 16 1 61 9 13 0

31,287,352 4,907,005 371,284 19,026,856 2,860,508 4,121,629 70

2008

2009 17 1 62 8 12 0

26,737,402 4,563,349 296,745 16,539,627 2,068,258 3,269,371 52

2009

2010 16 1 63 10 11 0

35,203,957 5,560,743 374,604 22,099,386 3,345,329 3,823,885 10

2010

2011 16 1 61 11 11 0

45,999,980 7,486,853 420,471 28,145,102 5,023,496 4,923,965 93

2011

Change % 02‐11 ‐7 ‐1 10 5 ‐6 0

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11 22.2 17.5 10.1 24.6 30.0 16.2 24.4

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Peru ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

26 71 27 74 23 61 9 8 3 20

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Ores, slag & ash Precious metals and stones Mineral fuels and oils Copper & articles thereof Residues from food industries Knitted apparel Coffee, tea, mate and spices Edible fruits and nuts Fish and crustaceans Preparations of vegetables Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 35,980,446 100.0 10,061,924 28.0 8,462,914 23.5 3,479,041 9.7 2,908,447 8.1 1,709,950 4.8 1,164,532 3.2 1,138,541 3.2 597,219 1.7 536,866 1.5 458,411 1.3 30,517,845 84.8

Source: INTradeBID.

289

290

2002 100 37 29 11 2 0 20

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 7,564,343 2,786,780 2,228,125 856,565 187,712 26,916 1,478,245

2003 8,548,274 2,834,161 2,452,233 979,155 212,752 39,249 2,030,724 2004 100 38 29 11 2 0 19

2004 12,082,702 4,589,356 3,496,351 1,356,150 293,767 48,298 2,298,780

Peru ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 40 30 10 2 0 17

2005 17,824,270 7,101,987 5,364,591 1,765,165 395,078 81,820 3,115,629 2006 100 42 31 8 2 0 17

2006 22,736,654 9,632,037 7,059,098 1,885,120 365,489 42,292 3,752,618 2007 100 47 28 8 2 0 14

2007 27,140,470 12,873,875 7,516,119 2,292,049 501,648 57,481 3,899,298 2008 100 42 29 8 2 0 18

2008 31,287,352 13,025,713 9,187,520 2,647,811 686,179 86,578 5,653,551 2009 100 41 23 7 3 0 26

2009 26,737,402 11,019,265 6,105,437 1,995,147 690,415 98,847 6,828,291

2010 100 45 24 6 2 0 22

2010 35,203,957 15,999,734 8,344,783 2,136,260 795,248 135,782 7,792,150

2011 100 47 22 6 2 0 22

2011 45,999,980 21,744,705 10,258,472 2,698,638 1,007,062 151,456 10,139,647

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Peru ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Peru ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

RCA

Code

Animal oils and fats

Description

24.97

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

Description

0.89

IIT

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

21.13

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.88

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

14.74

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.84

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

12.75

Inorganic chemicals

0.83

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

5.72

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.78

Non‐ferrous metals

5.13

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.76

Vegetables and fruit

3.44

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.66

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

2.66

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.66

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

1.61

Other transport equipment

0.65

1.44

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.63

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

1.37

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

1.32

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.61

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Cork and wood

1.25

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.57

1.10

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.53

Inorganic chemicals

1.07

Beverages

0.49

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.83

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.70

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Cork and wood

0.48

6 33

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.48

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.63

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.47

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.60

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.47

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.47

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.45 0.41

0.66

0.61

0.48

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.44

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.42

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.39

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.32

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.37

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.30

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.33

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.27

0.32

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.23

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.22

f i hi Organic chemicals

0.31 0.31

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.22

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.31

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.21

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.30

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.20

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.29

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.19

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.23 0.22

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.18

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.16

Meat and meat preparations

0.22

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.14

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.22

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Iron and steel

0.14

Animal oils and fats

0.20

0.13

Vegetables and fruit

0.18

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.13

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.17

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.12

Electric current

0.16

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.10

Footwear

0.16

Plastics in primary forms

0.10

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.14

Beverages

0.10

Iron and steel

0.13

Organic chemicals

0.08

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.11

Footwear

0.08

Plastics in primary forms

0.11

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.08

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.11

0.07

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.09

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.07

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.05

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.08

0.09

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.05

Pulp and waste paper

0.07

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.05

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.07 0.07

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.04

Non‐ferrous metals

Meat and meat preparations

0.03

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.06

Pulp and waste paper

0.02

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.04

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.01

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.04

Other transport equipment

0.01

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.04

Metalworking machinery

0.01

Metalworking machinery

0.03

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.01

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.02

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.01

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.02

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.01

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.02

0.01

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.02

0.01

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.02

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.01

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.01

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.00

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.00

Electric current

0.00

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

291

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Peru ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

Source: INTradeBID.

292

2002 0.78 0.76 0.91 0.68 ... 0.88 0.96 1.02 0.91 0.80 ... 0.73 1.10 0.91 ... ... 1.27 ... 0.66 0.69 0.98 0.49 — ... 0.73 0.83 0.93 0.74 0.80 1.00 1.65 1.19 1.95 1.13

2003 0.82 0.72 ... 0.63 1.30 0.91 0.99 1.32 0.83 0.73 ... 0.72 1.05 1.06 0.86 ... 1.25 0.87 0.68 0.75 0.96 0.69 — ... 0.76 0.87 1.07 0.74 0.80 0.92 1.42 1.10 2.09 1.15

2004 0.93 0.61 0.82 0.59 0.59 0.86 1.30 1.87 0.94 0.72 ... 0.88 1.05 1.07 0.73 ... 1.27 0.91 0.72 0.72 1.03 0.56 — ... 0.61 0.72 1.01 0.74 0.88 0.93 1.72 1.32 2.00 1.09

2005 0.93 0.57 0.93 0.83 1.44 0.93 1.18 2.67 0.84 0.79 ... 0.84 0.96 1.09 1.04 ... 1.23 1.10 0.71 0.68 1.05 0.61 — ... 0.70 0.68 0.73 0.74 0.97 0.93 1.72 1.48 1.56 1.16

2006 0.90 0.52 ... 0.63 1.01 0.66 1.46 2.10 0.75 0.68 ... 0.66 0.76 0.84 0.81 ... 0.96 0.68 0.70 0.65 0.72 0.39 — ... 0.66 0.62 0.58 0.67 1.02 0.90 1.86 1.46 1.80 1.04

2007 0.90 0.52 ... 0.53 0.97 0.58 1.40 2.61 0.67 0.60 0.57 0.69 0.73 0.88 0.74 ... 0.90 0.81 0.62 0.70 0.76 0.43 — ... 0.67 0.64 0.54 0.61 1.03 0.88 2.26 1.96 1.93 0.95

2008 0.86 0.49 ... 0.77 0.90 0.75 1.11 1.95 0.72 0.65 0.59 0.66 0.81 0.98 0.95 ... 0.97 0.86 0.68 0.76 0.76 0.48 — ... 0.57 0.67 0.78 0.64 1.05 0.84 1.89 1.93 1.55 1.16

2009 0.67 0.39 ... 0.69 0.92 0.79 0.80 1.36 0.66 0.59 0.77 0.67 0.82 0.92 0.72 ... 0.97 0.81 0.53 0.69 0.71 0.47 — ... 0.46 0.68 0.62 0.62 1.11 0.75 1.69 1.77 1.56 1.07

2010 ... 0.43 ... 0.59 0.83 0.59 0.86 1.45 0.64 0.60 ... 0.64 0.80 0.90 0.82 ... 0.99 0.77 0.52 0.67 0.71 0.42 — ... 0.52 0.61 ... 0.60 1.10 0.77 1.81 1.72 ... 1.06

108

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precision Instruments

Base Metals

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Stone/Glassware

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Wood/Wood Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Plastics/Rubber

Animal Hides/Skins

Chemical/Industrial Products

155

288

226

1,199

698

173

964

241

312

1,479

213

318

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Mineral Products

Animal/Vegetable Fats

424

421

Total Tariff Lines

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

Peru ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012

155

288

226

1,199

698

173

964

241

108

312

1,479

213

318

424

421

4.8

2.35

1.19

1.13

1.01

3.56

2.36

8.73

9.16

3.71

4.44

5.32

2.23

2.02

1.77

3.43

2.64

4.38

1.95

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

Maximum Tariff

124

113

118

685

149

116

498

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

175

181

995

580

105

196

981

150

142

138

297

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

2.41

2.93

2.4

2.6

2.25

2.97

2.94

2.51

3.18

2.92

2.64

1.92

2.9

2.84

2.74

3.17

3.28

3.14

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Annex: Country Tables

293

294

Precision Instruments

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Base Metals

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Paper/Cellulose Material

Stone/Glassware

Wood/Wood Articles

Animal Hides/Skins

Textiles

Plastics/Rubber

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Chemical/Industrial Products

Mineral Products

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

229

196

869

712

186

902

172

134

244

937

187

359

382

330

Total Tariff Lines

Suriname ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2010

116

210

161

370

243

313

263

312

21.67

16.94

13.52

14.93

15.43

36.57

14.61

18.3

19.74

13.36

15.13

14.69

12.9

10.88

22.2

38.29

27.64

25.3

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

Maximum Tariff

358

161

155

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

5.55

9.62

9.71

8.46

5.74

11.36

6.36

4.12

1.73

8.73

3.51

5.22

8.88

6.06

13.6

5.68

16.63

16.01

Standard Deviation

113

132

659

551

532

108

148

694

136

119

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

2002 31 2 47 7 0 0 0 0 12

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

Source: INTradeBID.

3,232,052 1,013,864 77,113 1,504,859 234,667 1,600 1,154 336 7,732 390,727

2002

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

2003 29 2 54 4 0 0 0 0 11

5,240,579 1,535,156 96,042 2,804,653 202,146 4,168 730 224 15,450 582,010

2003

Trinidad and Tobago ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2004 20 1 68 3 0 0 0 0 7

6,546,758 1,295,983 83,843 4,473,120 206,716 2,143 779 6,440 11,885 465,849

2004

2005 29 1 58 3 0 0 0 0 9

9,663,006 2,831,428 104,414 5,568,419 261,751 3,838 761 546 1,399 890,450

2005

2006 23 1 57 10 0 1 0 0 8

14,216,597 3,325,108 171,305 8,048,622 1,390,000 7,285 72,036 407 5,393 1,196,441

2006

2007 23 1 56 12 0 1 0 0 7

13,418,569 3,055,560 135,621 7,536,848 1,559,208 22,288 75,196 6,514 59,996 967,338

2007

2008 30 1 44 13 0 1 1 0 10

18,646,966 5,547,511 192,591 8,255,828 2,369,092 12,337 130,593 237,129 38,949 1,862,936

2008

2009 23 1 53 13 1 0 1 0 8

9,104,846 2,102,154 65,639 4,816,964 1,179,532 50,530 6,343 133,450 16,068 734,166

2009

2010 31 2 47 7 0 0 1 0 12

10,921,824 3,430,185 175,822 5,173,490 761,384 33,058 205 59,182 19,784 1,268,714

2010

2011 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2011

Change % 02‐10 0 ‐1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

14.5 14.5 9.6 14.7 14.0 40.0 ‐17.5 77.6 11.0 14.0

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Annex: Country Tables

295

296 2002 6 0 0 30 33 30

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Source: INTradeBID.

3,232,052 209,837 1,931 6,667 969,375 1,071,109 973,133

2002

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

2003 4 0 0 36 29 31

5,240,579 233,821 1,976 10,743 1,877,083 1,499,140 1,617,816

2003

Trinidad and Tobago ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2004 4 0 0 60 36 0

6,546,758 232,572 2,275 14,958 3,941,909 2,354,427 617

2004

2005 3 0 0 70 26 0

9,663,006 303,454 3,445 40,429 6,783,512 2,531,836 330

2005

2006 2 0 0 76 21 0

14,216,597 326,577 2,481 44,912 10,830,372 3,011,904 351

2006

2007 3 0 3 66 29 0

13,418,569 343,837 2,107 380,875 8,851,659 3,839,599 492

2007

2008 2 0 3 70 25 0

18,646,966 369,598 3,022 509,624 13,066,353 4,697,979 390

2008

2009 3 0 3 76 18 0

9,104,846 293,744 2,328 271,981 6,916,686 1,619,722 385

2009

2010 2 0 5 61 31 0

10,921,824 263,627 3,432 569,438 6,647,551 3,437,281 495

2010

2011 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2011

Change % 02‐10 ‐4 0 5 31 ‐2 ‐30

14.5 2.6 6.6 63.9 23.9 13.8 ‐56.9

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Trinidad and Tobago ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

27 28 29 72 26 89 31 22 84 48

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Mineral fuels and oils Inorganic chemicals Organic chemicals Iron and steel Ores, slag & ash Ships and boats Fertilizers Beverages, spirits and vinegar Machinery and appliances Paper and articles of paper Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2010 Exports (%) 10,013,335 100.0 6,792,673 67.8 898,103 9.0 465,329 4.6 441,105 4.4 384,109 3.8 194,194 1.9 184,719 1.8 102,595 1.0 68,743 0.7 56,075 0.6 9,587,643 95.7

Source: INTradeBID.

297

298

2002 100 31 15 8 14 1 30

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 3,232,052 1,013,384 487,669 273,312 447,897 25,345 984,445

2003 5,240,579 1,602,142 1,010,446 295,639 670,722 30,834 1,630,796 2004 100 47 31 6 15 0 0

2004 6,546,758 3,091,293 2,052,758 401,711 957,163 28,434 15,399 2005 100 40 43 3 13 0 0

2005 9,663,006 3,907,838 4,146,924 325,838 1,214,001 48,116 20,289

Trinidad and Tobago ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2006 100 50 36 3 11 0 0

2006 14,216,597 7,062,613 5,115,640 404,322 1,573,285 41,659 19,078 2007 100 53 28 3 15 1 0

2007 13,418,569 7,109,039 3,732,359 409,092 2,076,646 73,220 18,213 2008 100 46 39 2 13 0 0

2008 18,646,966 8,510,502 7,286,678 440,169 2,337,378 54,066 18,173 2009 100 58 28 2 11 0 0

2009 9,104,846 5,258,462 2,593,074 214,870 977,312 43,625 17,503

2010 100 35 47 3 15 0 0

2010 10,921,824 3,840,737 5,149,172 298,169 1,587,644 32,858 13,244

2011 … … … … … … …

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Annex: Country Tables

Trinidad and Tobago ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) (Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010) Code

Description

RCA

Inorganic chemicals

22.05

Gas, natural and manufactured

9.62

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

5.62

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

3.62

Organic chemicals

2.61

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

2.59

Iron and steel

1.85

Beverages

1.59

Other transport equipment

1.07

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.86

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.55

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.42

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.38

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.33

Vegetables and fruit

0.28

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.21

0.18

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.13

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.12

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.12

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.11

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.11

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.11

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.09

Dairy products and birds' eggs

0.09

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.09

0.08

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed fManufactures of metals, n.e.s. i hi

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.07

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.07

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.06

Meat and meat preparations

0.06

Cork and wood

0.05

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.04

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.04

Pulp and waste paper

0.03

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.03

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.03

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.03

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.02

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

Plastics in primary forms

0.02

Metalworking machinery

0.01

Non‐ferrous metals

0.01

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.01

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.01

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.01

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.00

0.14

0.08

0.02

Animal oils and fats

0.00

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.00

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.00

Footwear

0.00

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.00

Coal, coke and briquettes

0.00

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.00

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

0.00

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

299

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Trinidad and Tobago ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

Source: INTradeBID.

300

2002 1.01 1.15 1.28 1.25 ... 1.16 1.58 1.83 0.85 0.68 ... 1.66 1.67 1.31 ... ... 1.20 ... 0.69 1.57 1.45 1.58 1.52 ... — 0.80 1.01 0.73 1.04 1.85 1.01 2.00 0.90 0.00

2003 1.15 1.06 ... 0.88 1.18 1.17 1.87 1.77 0.86 0.72 ... 3.32 1.10 1.05 1.54 ... 1.00 1.90 0.81 1.45 1.04 1.22 1.12 ... — 1.42 1.37 0.74 1.08 1.90 0.93 2.06 0.84 0.00

2004 1.08 0.86 1.40 0.60 0.60 0.96 1.71 1.74 0.73 0.94 ... 0.86 1.15 1.34 1.02 ... 1.39 2.19 0.78 1.26 1.38 1.36 1.13 ... — 0.56 1.14 0.70 1.00 1.83 0.81 1.96 0.99 0.00

2005 1.05 0.81 2.17 1.88 2.34 1.29 1.46 1.47 0.67 1.17 ... 1.28 1.62 2.00 3.04 ... 2.17 3.50 0.76 1.44 1.89 1.61 1.08 ... — 0.39 1.15 0.66 0.95 1.53 0.84 1.63 1.20 0.00

2006 0.94 0.70 ... 1.65 1.94 0.97 1.35 1.39 0.53 0.97 ... 1.61 1.86 1.60 2.49 ... 1.71 2.12 0.72 1.38 1.51 1.18 0.86 ... — 0.22 1.12 0.57 1.03 1.68 0.72 1.75 1.08 0.00

2007 1.06 0.84 ... 0.71 1.89 0.79 1.41 1.59 0.61 0.86 1.97 2.20 1.72 1.44 1.56 ... 1.32 3.08 0.84 1.14 1.17 1.16 0.85 ... — 0.27 1.18 0.69 0.97 2.02 1.15 1.86 0.96 0.00

2008 1.11 0.87 ... 1.32 1.75 1.01 1.37 1.71 0.65 1.00 2.01 1.45 1.92 1.68 2.48 ... 1.70 3.19 0.94 1.22 1.47 1.28 0.86 ... — 0.30 1.14 0.69 1.01 1.98 1.12 1.80 1.14 0.00

2009 0.85 0.78 ... 1.02 1.41 0.91 1.07 1.47 0.50 0.88 1.31 0.90 1.09 1.43 1.54 ... 1.38 2.15 0.69 1.18 1.11 1.13 0.66 ... — 0.25 0.88 0.66 1.25 2.25 0.91 2.04 0.98 0.00

2010 ... 0.97 ... 0.78 2.10 1.36 1.27 1.66 0.78 1.08 ... 2.44 1.59 1.87 2.52 ... 1.95 3.11 0.91 1.34 1.60 1.31 0.84 ... — ... 1.20 0.68 0.99 1.68 1.25 ... 1.32 0.00

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Precision Instruments

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Base Metals

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Stone/Glassware

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Wood/Wood Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Plastics/Rubber

Animal Hides/Skins

Chemical/Industrial Products

244

Mineral Products

167

229

196

869

712

186

902

172

134

937

187

359

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Processed Foods/Tobacco

382

330

Total Tariff Lines

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

143

116

210

161

370

241

287

263

312

16.68

26.43

18.71

18.27

17.14

15.68

16.57

18.3

19.74

13.36

15.13

15.57

13.03

18.24

19.16

38.29

27.55

26.43

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

Trinidad and Tobago ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2010

Maximum Tariff

358

161

179

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

5.21

9.51

11.46

13.39

9.04

5.71

9.94

6.24

4.12

1.73

8.73

3.51

5.71

8.92

12.6

10.21

5.68

16.78

16.83

Standard Deviation

113

121

659

551

532

108

148

696

136

119

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Annex: Country Tables

301

302 2002 42 1 7 23 6 1 0 3 16

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

Source: INTradeBID.

1,860,953 785,916 27,099 137,932 433,733 103,617 14,037 6,206 55,312 297,101

2002

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

Uruguay ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 41 4 11 23 4 1 0 3 14

2,197,862 896,161 86,834 233,388 496,373 95,239 12,439 6,090 64,993 306,345

2003

2004 36 4 20 19 4 1 0 2 14

2,930,619 1,053,921 105,126 577,336 567,097 112,945 15,112 11,927 64,609 422,546

2004

2005 34 3 22 17 4 1 1 2 17

3,404,318 1,146,311 87,108 761,319 583,860 119,581 32,147 22,678 69,483 581,831

2005

2006 36 1 13 16 4 1 1 2 25

3,985,738 1,437,240 45,065 523,055 653,554 164,312 43,344 23,909 90,526 1,004,733

2006

2007 40 2 11 18 4 1 1 2 23

4,495,891 1,777,989 72,324 493,105 806,413 161,519 32,509 31,719 98,060 1,022,253

2007

2008 39 1 4 19 3 1 0 2 32

5,948,797 2,332,992 33,015 214,206 1,121,651 171,456 44,027 18,338 113,386 1,899,726

2008

2009 38 1 3 15 4 0 0 2 37

5,493,214 2,087,221 37,218 179,515 807,903 235,362 4,973 26,604 94,607 2,019,811

2009

2010 41 1 3 14 6 0 0 2 33

6,726,965 2,782,277 34,091 196,210 964,344 372,681 8,818 22,406 120,767 2,225,371

2010

2011 42 1 3 13 8 0 0 2 31

8,007,662 3,377,928 43,342 244,895 1,011,320 663,995 10,269 27,739 139,442 2,488,732

2011

Change % 02‐11 0 ‐1 ‐4 ‐11 3 ‐1 0 ‐1 15

17.6 17.6 5.4 6.6 9.9 22.9 ‐3.4 18.1 10.8 26.6

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

2002 49 13 2 1 36 0

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Source: INTradeBID.

1,860,953 904,507 235,844 30,037 14,711 675,461 393

2002

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

Uruguay ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 52 11 2 2 33 0

2,197,862 1,153,289 247,219 33,887 34,361 729,106 0

2003

2004 54 9 1 4 30 0

2,930,619 1,589,166 278,149 42,592 128,346 892,366 0

2004

2005 55 9 2 5 30 0

3,404,318 1,856,914 312,749 63,321 162,272 1,009,062 0

2005

2006 55 10 2 4 29 0

3,985,738 2,194,560 388,670 88,903 139,609 1,173,995 1

2006

2007 53 11 3 4 30 0

4,495,891 2,388,826 474,935 118,805 185,016 1,328,309 0

2007

2008 59 11 2 3 26 0

5,948,797 3,500,224 628,390 93,889 191,890 1,534,404 0

2008

2009 64 10 1 1 23 0

5,493,214 3,499,061 554,945 76,199 76,339 1,286,670 0

2009

2010 62 11 1 2 24 0

6,726,965 4,176,406 710,570 98,475 136,035 1,605,479 0

2010

2011 62 10 2 1 25 0

8,007,662 4,977,822 831,161 132,089 58,851 2,007,699 40

2011

Change % 02‐11 14 ‐2 0 0 ‐11 0

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐11 17.6 20.9 15.0 17.9 16.7 12.9 ‐22.4

Annex: Country Tables

303

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Uruguay ‐ Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank

Chapter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2 10 12 4 44 39 51 41 87 11

Source: INTradeBID.

304

Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Meat and edible meat offal Cereals Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits Dairy produce, eggs and honey Wood & articles of wood Plastics & articles thereof Wool yarn and woven fabric Raw hides and leather Vehicles Products of milling Top 10

US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009‐2011 Exports (%) 6,742,614 100.0 1,275,390 18.9 787,359 11.7 679,656 10.1 556,674 8.3 451,228 6.7 245,088 3.6 228,983 3.4 209,895 3.1 198,239 2.9 190,997 2.8 4,823,508 71.5

2002 100 40 21 28 8 2 2

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

Source: INTradeBID.

2002 1,860,953 737,261 392,625 517,306 146,601 32,899 34,261

US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2003 100 45 20 26 6 2 1

2003 2,197,862 989,923 438,236 563,670 142,779 33,383 29,871 2004 100 48 22 21 7 2 1

2004 2,930,619 1,392,396 637,297 621,985 196,989 51,830 30,122

Uruguay ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2005 100 48 21 20 7 2 2

2005 3,404,318 1,640,271 731,748 674,279 231,403 59,702 66,915 2006 100 50 21 18 7 2 2

2006 3,985,738 2,009,118 818,786 726,894 296,182 69,690 65,068 2007 100 48 21 17 8 2 3

2007 4,495,891 2,169,134 944,683 775,026 373,949 84,065 149,034 2008 100 54 21 13 8 2 1

2008 5,948,797 3,241,132 1,250,314 763,092 490,762 116,483 87,014 2009 100 58 20 11 7 2 2

2009 5,493,214 3,188,371 1,073,733 616,102 381,872 131,418 101,718

2010 100 57 20 11 8 2 1

2010 6,726,965 3,863,995 1,337,416 752,643 570,778 116,042 86,091

2011 100 56 19 12 9 2 1

2011 8,007,662 4,506,491 1,542,172 958,631 751,286 151,944 97,138

Annex: Country Tables

305

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Uruguay ‐ Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)

Uruguay ‐ Table 6. Intra‐Industry Trade (IIT)

(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2010)

(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra‐industry trade in a sector. 2011)

Code

RCA

Code

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

Description

28.05

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

Description

Animal oils and fats

25.88

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

0.96

Meat and meat preparations

25.63

0.96 0.95 0.90

Live animals other than animals of division 03

18.43

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Other transport equipment

Cork and wood

17.57

Vegetables and fruit

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

17.24

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.86

Cereals and cereal preparations

16.66

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

0.85

Dairy products and birds' eggs

16.52

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

0.84

12.24

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

0.81

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

4.18

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.75

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

3.54

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

0.74

Hides, skins and furskins, raw

3.25

Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

0.71

Tobacco and tobacco manufactures

2.87

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.70

Miscellaneous edible products and preparations

2.69

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

0.66

Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)

2.25

Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.

0.66

Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.

1.87

Inorganic chemicals

0.65

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

1.48

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.61

Vegetables and fruit

1.42

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

0.60

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

1.25

Pulp and waste paper

0.59

Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard

1.22

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.50

Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations

1.19

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.49

Sugars, sugar preparations and honey

1.13

Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins

0.48

1.08

1.05

Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into f bi ) Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.47

Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed f i hi Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

1.03

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.41

0.43

Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.

0.97

Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof

0.41

Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.

0.80

Beverages

0.40

Plastics in non‐primary forms

0.75

Non‐ferrous metals

0.40

Inorganic chemicals

0.58

Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

0.38

Medicinal and pharmaceutical products

0.51

Iron and steel

0.36

Textile yarn, fabrics, made‐up articles, n.e.s., and related products

0.48

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.33

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof

0.45

Cereals and cereal preparations

0.33

Plastics in primary forms

0.40

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.32 0.30

Road vehicles (including air‐cushion vehicles)

0.40

Animal oils and fats

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories

0.33

Plastics in primary forms

0.26

Beverages

0.32

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.25

Non‐metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.

0.31

Iron and steel

0.23

Pulp and waste paper

0.22

Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)

0.20

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and

0.17

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.19

0.17

Metalworking machinery

0.15

Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or i f i l bl f il Organic chemicals

0.10

27 33

i ) Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.16

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.12

0.23

0.14

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.09

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.09

Footwear

0.07

0.09

Metalliferous ores and metal scrap

0.06

Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and i ) Meat and meat preparations

Organic chemicals

0.06

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.08

Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including non‐ l i l f l i lh h ld i ) Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.06

General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.

0.07

0.06

Cork and wood

0.07

0.08

Other transport equipment

0.06

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.06

Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.

0.06

Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials

0.05 0.05

Gas, natural and manufactured

0.05

Dairy products and birds' eggs

Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.

0.05

Oil‐seeds and oleaginous fruits

0.05

Non‐ferrous metals

0.05

Live animals other than animals of division 03

0.04

Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

0.05

Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated

0.04

Metalworking machinery

0.04

Footwear

0.03

Power‐generating machinery and equipment

0.03

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.03

Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.

0.03

Machinery specialized for particular industries

0.02

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.01

Telecommunications and sound‐recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment

0.02

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.01

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.02

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.00

Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks

0.01

Office machines and automatic data‐processing machines

0.00

Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Gold, non‐monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Postal packages not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind

0.00

Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

0.00

Source: INTradeBID.

306

IIT 0.98

Annex: Country Tables

Uruguay ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

2002 1.10 0.80 2.14 1.62 ... 1.17 0.91 1.32 0.90 0.94 ... 0.60 1.85 1.14 ... ... 1.39 ... 1.17 1.07 0.85 1.01 0.90 ... 0.87 — 0.78 0.60 0.77 1.08 1.34 1.43 1.25 0.83

2003 1.25 0.77 ... 1.58 1.39 1.32 1.30 1.74 0.70 1.12 ... 0.57 1.97 1.26 1.46 ... 1.67 1.81 1.29 1.02 0.85 0.85 0.82 ... 1.03 — 1.01 0.58 0.79 1.10 1.49 1.23 1.20 0.82

2004 1.23 0.65 2.77 1.82 1.82 1.27 0.95 1.85 0.82 1.37 ... 0.59 2.19 1.32 1.46 ... 1.77 1.75 1.29 1.01 0.98 0.91 1.04 ... 1.05 — 1.16 0.69 0.71 1.10 1.55 1.10 0.91 0.79

2005 1.17 0.60 2.44 1.67 1.50 1.22 0.74 1.85 0.66 1.26 ... 0.59 2.45 1.33 1.66 ... 1.79 1.65 1.32 1.01 1.18 0.80 1.05 ... 0.95 — 0.87 0.67 0.73 1.11 1.53 1.05 0.85 0.79

2006 1.15 0.60 ... 1.72 1.47 1.25 0.72 1.71 0.81 1.12 ... 0.61 2.53 1.37 1.27 ... 1.89 1.59 1.33 1.54 1.04 0.63 0.84 ... 0.82 — 1.11 0.63 0.78 1.13 1.42 1.04 0.88 0.77

2007 1.18 0.92 ... 2.03 1.53 1.40 0.77 1.58 0.86 1.36 1.06 0.69 2.23 1.35 1.20 ... 1.62 1.48 1.32 2.11 1.08 0.69 0.94 ... 0.83 — 1.75 0.60 0.84 1.14 1.34 1.16 0.86 0.85

2008 1.27 0.93 ... 2.09 1.51 1.46 0.72 1.54 0.73 1.13 1.10 0.80 2.14 1.46 1.29 ... 1.71 1.54 1.31 2.29 1.11 0.67 1.05 ... 0.90 — 3.78 0.55 0.83 1.11 1.39 1.15 0.77 0.91

2009 1.24 0.66 ... 1.99 1.78 1.13 0.86 1.64 0.89 1.25 1.28 0.82 2.36 1.49 1.27 ... 1.97 1.93 1.21 1.98 0.95 0.62 1.19 ... 1.00 — 3.02 0.54 0.84 1.10 1.28 1.24 0.80 0.85

2010 ... 0.49 ... 2.43 1.69 1.02 0.83 1.77 0.88 1.28 ... 0.85 2.15 1.54 1.61 ... 1.67 1.81 1.19 1.73 1.20 0.65 1.16 ... 1.11 — ... 0.54 0.79 1.08 1.26 1.33 ... 0.83

Source: INTradeBID.

307

308

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Precision Instruments

Base Metals

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Stone/Glassware

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Animal Hides/Skins

Wood/Wood Articles

Plastics/Rubber

Chemical/Industrial Products

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Mineral Products

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

180

479

241

1,931

828

272

105

1,268

254

141

320

494

3,015

208

383

434

835

Total Tariff Lines

Uruguay ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012

180

479

241

1,931

828

272

105

1,268

254

141

320

494

3,015

208

383

434

835

17.62

8.29

9.88

5.9

11.56

9.56

10.85

24.07

16.61

10.5

7.26

12.25

10.72

6.69

2.39

14.94

10.3

7.71

9.1

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

Maximum Tariff

127

109

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

190

860

161

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

4.02

8.48

9.23

7.74

5.62

6.25

4.33

7.06

5.12

5.67

4.47

6.45

6.58

5.52

1.86

5.04

4.79

3.43

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU‐27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World

US$ 1000s

2002 20 1 48 7 0 0 0 0 22

23,288,975 4,570,386 289,959 11,281,176 1,741,999 90,646 68,377 15,593 111,721 5,119,118

2002

Venezuela ‐ Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports

2003 12 1 44 12 1 1 0 2 27

25,951,355 3,199,883 294,819 11,533,329 3,045,496 165,295 134,583 14,617 574,929 6,988,404

2003

2004 15 1 48 4 1 1 0 2 28

33,625,322 5,045,393 399,519 16,146,259 1,431,121 277,444 203,769 39,663 508,004 9,574,150

2004

2005 10 2 53 7 0 0 0 1 26

54,500,664 5,492,379 1,000,367 29,094,717 3,711,380 216,141 207,767 69,797 465,260 14,242,856

2005

2006 10 1 48 10 0 0 0 1 29

65,692,421 6,843,199 337,315 31,654,015 6,257,421 134,784 235,104 32,133 936,339 19,262,111

2006

2007 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2007

2008 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2008

2009 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2009

2010 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2010

2011 … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … …

2011

Change % 02‐06 ‐9 ‐1 0 2 0 0 0 1 7

29.6 10.6 3.9 29.4 37.7 10.4 36.2 19.8 70.1 39.3

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐06

Annex: Country Tables

309

310

Source: INTradeBID.

% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other

US$ 1000s

2002 2 0 4 81 12 0

23,288,975 374,261 56,932 997,461 18,953,651 2,900,784 5,886

2002

Venezuela ‐ Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports

2003 1 0 4 4 12 79

25,951,355 261,991 37,732 1,069,933 924,529 3,044,247 20,612,923

2003

2004 1 0 4 82 13 0

33,625,322 291,609 36,982 1,455,054 27,552,787 4,288,890 0

2004

2005 0 0 3 87 9 0

54,500,664 250,801 25,645 1,396,483 47,607,249 4,964,698 255,788

2005

2006 0 0 3 72 7 18

65,692,421 228,652 19,813 1,644,731 47,417,138 4,576,551 11,805,536

2006

2007 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2007

2008 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2008

2009 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2009

2010 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2010

2011 … … … … … …

… … … … … … …

2011

Change % 02‐06 ‐1 0 ‐2 ‐9 ‐5 18

Avg. Annual Growth Rate 02‐06 29.6 ‐11.6 ‐23.2 13.3 25.8 12.1 569.2

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Source: INTradeBID.

As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions

US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource‐based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2002 100 60 30 3 7 1 0

2002 23,288,975 13,869,758 6,996,596 628,049 1,559,900 169,056 65,616 2003 100 5 6 2 7 1 80

2003 25,951,355 1,248,112 1,544,154 579,762 1,727,198 182,413 20,669,716 2004 100 60 29 3 8 0 0

2004 33,625,322 20,106,736 9,810,443 886,270 2,573,317 167,974 80,582 2005 100 69 23 2 6 0 1

2005 54,500,664 37,361,380 12,586,055 933,056 3,087,515 148,070 384,588

Venezuela ‐ Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World

2006 100 72 4 1 5 0 18

2006 65,692,421 47,317,848 2,495,270 870,386 2,959,566 141,248 11,908,103 2007 … … … … … … …

2007 … … … … … … … 2008 … … … … … … …

2008 … … … … … … … 2009 … … … … … … …

2009 … … … … … … …

2010 … … … … … … …

2011 … … … … … … …

Annex: Country Tables

311

Trade and Integration Monitor 2012

Venezuela ‐ Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU‐27 Japan China Korea ASEAN

Source: INTradeBID.

312

2002 0.68 0.57 1.15 0.17 ... 0.67 1.42 1.56 0.42 0.82 ... 0.35 0.79 0.78 ... ... 1.46 ... 0.29 1.36 1.84 0.45 1.54 ... 3.11 1.67 — 0.90 0.67 0.89 1.69 0.91 2.07 1.29

2003 1.01 1.53 ... 0.72 1.02 0.97 1.41 1.17 1.23 0.82 ... 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.13 ... 1.05 1.02 0.80 1.11 0.94 1.32 1.14 ... 1.72 1.24 — 0.82 1.01 1.07 1.48 1.35 1.89 0.98

2004 0.78 0.46 1.40 0.14 0.14 0.75 1.48 1.70 0.40 0.94 ... 0.38 1.34 1.27 0.21 ... 1.47 2.17 0.32 1.83 1.27 1.44 1.66 ... 2.42 2.19 — 1.10 0.73 0.86 1.64 1.04 1.89 1.35

2005 0.71 0.36 1.17 1.02 1.22 0.70 1.29 1.50 0.35 0.77 ... 0.70 1.11 1.02 1.70 ... 1.17 1.74 0.32 1.36 0.98 0.88 1.56 ... 2.94 1.89 — 1.11 0.74 0.86 1.71 0.92 1.86 1.29

2006 0.55 0.21 ... 0.10 0.14 0.15 1.21 1.63 0.25 0.40 ... 0.24 0.80 0.16 0.14 ... 0.15 1.09 0.15 1.41 0.14 0.12 1.61 ... 3.60 2.04 — 1.18 0.79 0.87 2.07 1.11 2.18 1.07

2007 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2008 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2009 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2010 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Machinery/Electrical Equip.

Art/Antiques

Source: INTradeBID.

Arms/Munitions

Misc. Manufactured Articles

Motor Vehicles/Vessels

Base Metals

Precision Instruments

Precious/Semiprec. Mat.

Stone/Glassware

Textiles

Footwear/Misc. Articles

Paper/Cellulose Material

Plastics/Rubber

Chemical/Industrial Products

Animal Hides/Skins

Mineral Products

Wood/Wood Articles

Processed Foods/Tobacco

Animal/Vegetable Fats

Live Animals/Products

Vegetable Products

Section Name

Section

150

301

201

1,144

683

161

926

206

297

1,352

200

284

378

265

Total Tariff Lines

Venezuela ‐ Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2009

150

301

201

1,144

683

161

926

206

297

1,347

200

248

348

217

18.1

15.71

7.49

14.83

10.29

10.75

12.37

14.13

18.79

18.16

12.96

12.65

12.38

13.13

7.12

6.13

18.83

16.3

12.64

16.54

Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines

Maximum Tariff

664

153

Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum

Minimum Tariff

205

Number of Tariff Lines at Median Tariff the Minimum

Mode

10.69

4.04

5.73

4.25

10.72

5.03

4.99

4.24

3.52

2.16

3.28

6.34

4.72

6.11

6.18

3.46

2.37

4.05

2.63

4.45

5.51

Standard Deviation

Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines

Annex: Country Tables

313